101
|
Liu W, Guo W, Shen L, Chen Z, Luo Q, Luo X, Feng G, Shu Y, Gu Y, Xu Q, Sun Y. T lymphocyte SHP2-deficiency triggers anti-tumor immunity to inhibit colitis-associated cancer in mice. Oncotarget 2018; 8:7586-7597. [PMID: 27935860 PMCID: PMC5352345 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonresolving inflammation is involved in the initiation and progression process of tumorigenesis. Src homology 2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2) is known to inhibit acute inflammation but its role in chronic inflammation-associated cancer remains unclear. The role of SHP2 in T cells in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and azoxymethane-DSS-induced colitis-associated carcinogenesis was examined using SHP2CD4−/− conditional knockout mice. SHP2 deficiency in T cells aggravated colitis with increased level of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IFN-γ and IL-17A. In contrast, the SHP2CD4−/− mice developed much fewer and smaller tumors than wild type mice with higher level of IFN-γ and enhanced cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells in the tumor and peritumoral areas. At the molecular level, STAT1 was hyper-phosphorylated in T cells lacking SHP2, which may account for the increased Th1 differentiation and IFN-γ secretion. IFN-γ neutralization or IFN-γ receptor knockout but not IL-17A neutralization, abrogated the anti-tumor effect of SHP2 knockout with lowered levels of perforin 1, FasL and granzyme B. Finally, the expression of granzyme B was negatively correlated with the malignancy of colon cancer in human patients. In conclusion, these findings suggest a new strategy to treat colitis-associated cancer via targeting SHP2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenjie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lihong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Qiong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaolin Luo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - GenSheng Feng
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yongqian Shu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yanhong Gu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Hale AJ, den Hertog J. Shp2-Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Drives Proliferation during Zebrafish Embryo Caudal Fin Fold Regeneration. Mol Cell Biol 2018; 38:e00515-17. [PMID: 29203641 PMCID: PMC5789028 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00515-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of the zebrafish caudal fin following amputation occurs through wound healing, followed by formation of a blastema, which produces cells to replace the lost tissue in the final phase of regenerative outgrowth. We show that ptpn11a-/- ptpn11b-/- zebrafish embryos, lacking functional Shp2, fail to regenerate their caudal fin folds. Rescue experiments indicated that Shp2a has a functional signaling role, requiring its catalytic activity and SH2 domains but not the two C-terminal tyrosine phosphorylation sites. Surprisingly, expression of Shp2a variants with increased and reduced catalytic activity, respectively, rescued caudal fin fold regeneration to similar extents. Expression of mmp9 and junbb, indicative of formation of the wound epidermis and distal blastema, respectively, suggested that these processes occurred in ptpn11a-/- ptpn11b-/- zebrafish embryos. However, cell proliferation and MAPK phosphorylation were reduced. Pharmacological inhibition of MEK1 in wild-type zebrafish embryos phenocopied loss of Shp2. Our results suggest an essential role for Shp2a-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in promoting cell proliferation during zebrafish embryo caudal fin fold regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander James Hale
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Institute Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen den Hertog
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Institute Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Huang Y, Wang J, Cao F, Jiang H, Li A, Li J, Qiu L, Shen H, Chang W, Zhou C, Pan Y, Lu Y. SHP2 associates with nuclear localization of STAT3: significance in progression and prognosis of colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17597. [PMID: 29242509 PMCID: PMC5730547 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17604-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine phosphatase SHP2, encoded by PTPN11, has been implicated in many physiologic and pathologic processes in neoplastic progression. However, controversies are emerging from many studies, indicating SHP2 has a dual role in different types of tumors. We aimed to explore the role of SHP2 in progression and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). SHP2 inhibited CRC cell proliferation and migration, and the phosphorylation of STAT3 was negatively regulated by SHP2 in CRC. SHP2 and nuclear STAT3 were examined in 270 CRC tissues. SHP2 was significantly correlated with nuclear STAT3 (Spearman’s rho = −0.408, P ≤ 0.001). Based on Cox regression analysis, patients with high levels of SHP2 and low levels of nuclear STAT3 had longer disease-specific survival (DSS) (HR, 0.362; 95% CI, 0.165–0.794) and disease-free survival (DFS) (HR, 0.447; 95% CI, 0.227–0.877). Further, low levels of SHP2 and high levels of nuclear STAT3 were independently associated with adverse outcomes in the whole cohort (DFS; HR, 2.353; 95% CI, 1.199–4.619). These results suggest that combination of SHP2 and nuclear STAT3 is a strong prognostic predictor in CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Fuao Cao
- Department of colorectal surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hailong Jiang
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - An Li
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Lei Qiu
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hao Shen
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wenjun Chang
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chuanxiang Zhou
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Yamin Pan
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yiming Lu
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Xie J, Si X, Gu S, Wang M, Shen J, Li H, Shen J, Li D, Fang Y, Liu C, Zhu J. Allosteric Inhibitors of SHP2 with Therapeutic Potential for Cancer Treatment. J Med Chem 2017; 60:10205-10219. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xie
- Interdisciplinary
Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 26 Qiuyue Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan
District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaojia Si
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer
Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shoulai Gu
- Interdisciplinary
Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 26 Qiuyue Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mingliang Wang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Interdisciplinary
Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 26 Qiuyue Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan
District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haoyan Li
- Interdisciplinary
Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 26 Qiuyue Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan
District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Viva Biotech Ltd. 334 Aidisheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dan Li
- Key Laboratory for
the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry
of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yanjia Fang
- Interdisciplinary
Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 26 Qiuyue Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Interdisciplinary
Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 26 Qiuyue Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jidong Zhu
- Interdisciplinary
Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 26 Qiuyue Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promotes gastric cancer invasion through cooperating with c-Myc to upregulate heparanase expression. Oncotarget 2017; 7:11364-79. [PMID: 26689987 PMCID: PMC4905479 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is a central regulator of multiple hallmarks of tumors. However, the potential roles of hTERT in tumor invasion and metastasis and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we found that the expression of hTERT in gastric cancer (GC) was significantly associated with an advanced TNM stage, lymphatic metastasis. Survival analysis identified hTERT as an independent prognostic factor for survival of GC patients. hTERT promoted the invasion and metastasis of GC cells by binding to c-Myc and recruiting the complex to heparanase promoter to upregulate heparanase expression. In addition, our data demonstrated that hTERT activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling to promote c-Myc expression which could in turn activate hTERT transcription and expression, suggesting a positive feedback regulation in GC progression. Consistently, c-Myc and heparanase expression was positively correlated with hTERT levels, and was also an independent predictor of metastasis and survival. Collectively, our data provide a novel molecular mechanism for hTERT in promotion of GC invasion and metastasis, and highlight the molecular etiology and clinical significance of hTERT in GC progression. Targeting hTERT may represent a new therapeutic strategy to improve therapy and survival of GC patients.
Collapse
|
106
|
Jhan JR, Andrechek ER. Triple-negative breast cancer and the potential for targeted therapy. Pharmacogenomics 2017; 18:1595-1609. [PMID: 29095114 PMCID: PMC5694022 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2017-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is composed of several well-recognized subtypes including estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and HER2 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Without available targeted therapy options, standard of care for TNBC remains chemotherapy. It is of interest to note that TNBC tumors generally have better responses to chemotherapy compared with other subtypes. However, patients without complete response account for approximately 80% of TNBC. Mounting evidence suggests significant heterogeneity within the TNBC subtype, and studies have focused on genetic targets with high rates of altered expression. Recent studies suggest clear possibilities for benefits from targeted therapy in TNBC. In this review, we summarize studies of targeted therapy, including within mouse models, and discuss their applications in the development of combinatorial treatments to treat TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ru Jhan
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, 2194 Biomedical Physical Sciences Building, 567 Wilson Rd., East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Eran R Andrechek
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, 2194 Biomedical Physical Sciences Building, 567 Wilson Rd., East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Chen W, Li L, Zhang X, Liang Y, Pu Z, Wang L, Mo J. Curcumin: a calixarene derivative micelle potentiates anti-breast cancer stem cells effects in xenografted, triple-negative breast cancer mouse models. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:1470-1481. [PMID: 28956452 PMCID: PMC8241084 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1381198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous and clinically aggressive disease with no approved targeted therapy. Curcumin has shown therapeutic potential against TNBC, but it shows low bioavailability and low efficacy when administered as a free drug. Here we describe a novel vehicle for in vivo delivery of curcumin based on the phosphorylated calixarene POCA4C6. Curcumin-loaded POCA4C6 micelles (CPM) were prepared using the thin-film method and they showed a unilamellar structure with an average particle size of 3.86 nm. The micelles showed high curcumin encapsulation efficiency and loading was based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Studies with cell cultures suggest that CPM can sustainably release curcumin in a pH-dependent manner. The micelles efficiently inhibited proliferation, invasion, migration and tumor spheroid formation by BT-549 human breast cancer cells. These effects involved increased apoptosis and reduced levels of nuclear β-catenin and androgen receptor. After injection into tumor xenografts, CPM persisted in the tumor tissue and efficiently inhibited tumor growth without causing obvious systemic toxicity. CPM also significantly reduced levels of CD44+/CD133+ breast cancer stem cells. Our results highlight the potential of CPM as an effective therapy against TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, China
| | - Xiaofen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, China
| | - Yuan Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, the 303rd Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Nanning, China
| | - Zhijun Pu
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Lingfeng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Jingxin Mo
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Elson A. Stepping out of the shadows: Oncogenic and tumor-promoting protein tyrosine phosphatases. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 96:135-147. [PMID: 28941747 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphorylation is critical for proper function of cells and organisms. Phosphorylation is regulated by the concerted but generically opposing activities of tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), which ensure its proper regulation, reversibility, and ability to respond to changing physiological situations. Historically, PTKs have been associated mainly with oncogenic and pro-tumorigenic activities, leading to the generalization that protein dephosphorylation is anti-oncogenic and hence that PTPs are tumor-suppressors. In many cases PTPs do suppress tumorigenesis. However, a growing body of evidence indicates that PTPs act as dominant oncogenes and drive cell transformation in a number of contexts, while in others PTPs support transformation that is driven by other oncogenes. This review summarizes the known transforming and tumor-promoting activities of the classical, tyrosine specific PTPs and highlights their potential as drug targets for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ari Elson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Frankson R, Yu ZH, Bai Y, Li Q, Zhang RY, Zhang ZY. Therapeutic Targeting of Oncogenic Tyrosine Phosphatases. Cancer Res 2017; 77:5701-5705. [PMID: 28855209 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTP) are exciting and novel targets for cancer drug discovery that work in concert with protein tyrosine kinases (PTK) in controlling cellular homeostasis. Given the activating role that some PTKs play in initiating growth factor-mediated cellular processes, PTPs are usually perceived as the negative regulators of these events and therefore tumor suppressive in nature. However, mounting evidence indicate that PTPs do not always antagonize the activity of PTKs in regulating tyrosine phosphorylation, but can also play dominant roles in the initiation and progression of signaling cascades that regulate cell functions. It follows, therefore, that PTP malfunction can actively contribute to a host of human disorders, in particular, cancer, metabolic syndromes, and autoimmune diseases. The Src homology domain containing phosphatase 2 (SHP2) and the three-membered family of phosphatases of regenerating liver (PRL) are infamously oncogenic members of the PTP superfamily. Both are established regulators of major cancer pathways such as Ras/ERK1/2, Src, JAK/STAT, JNK, NF-κB, and PTEN/PI3K/AKT. Furthermore, upregulation, mutation, or other dysregulation of these PTPs has been positively correlated with cancer initiation and progression. This review will provide topical coverage of target validation and drug discovery efforts made in targeting these oncogenic PTPs as compelling candidates for cancer therapy. Cancer Res; 77(21); 5701-5. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle Frankson
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Zhi-Hong Yu
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Yunpeng Bai
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Qinglin Li
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Ruo-Yu Zhang
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Roccograndi L, Binder ZA, Zhang L, Aceto N, Zhang Z, Bentires-Alj M, Nakano I, Dahmane N, O'Rourke DM. SHP2 regulates proliferation and tumorigenicity of glioma stem cells. J Neurooncol 2017; 135:487-496. [PMID: 28852935 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2610-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SHP2 is a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) involved in multiple signaling pathways and was the first identified proto-oncogene PTPase. Previous work in glioblastoma (GBM) has demonstrated the role of SHP2 PTPase activity in modulating the oncogenic phenotype of adherent GBM cell lines. Mutations in PTPN11, the gene encoding SHP2, have been identified with increasing frequency in GBM. Given the importance of SHP2 in developing neural stem cells, and the importance of glioma stem cells (GSCs) in GBM oncogenesis, we explored the functional role of SHP2 in GSCs. Using paired differentiated and stem cell primary cultures, we investigated the association of SHP2 expression with the tumor stem cell compartment. Proliferation and soft agar assays were used to demonstrate the functional contribution of SHP2 to cell growth and transformation. SHP2 expression correlated with SOX2 expression in GSC lines and was decreased in differentiated cells. Forced differentiation of GSCs by removal of growth factors, as confirmed by loss of SOX2 expression, also resulted in decreased SHP2 expression. Lentiviral-mediated knockdown of SHP2 inhibited proliferation. Finally, growth in soft-agar was similarly inhibited by loss of SHP2 expression. Our results show that SHP2 function is required for cell growth and transformation of the GSC compartment in GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Roccograndi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 502 Stemmler Hall, 36th and Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Zev A Binder
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 502 Stemmler Hall, 36th and Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Logan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 502 Stemmler Hall, 36th and Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Nicola Aceto
- Department of Biomedicine, Cancer Metastasis, University of Basel, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Ichiro Nakano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nadia Dahmane
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 502 Stemmler Hall, 36th and Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Donald M O'Rourke
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 502 Stemmler Hall, 36th and Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Shp2 regulates migratory behavior and response to EGFR-TKIs through ERK1/2 pathway activation in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:91123-91133. [PMID: 29207630 PMCID: PMC5710910 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the clinical treatment of lung cancer, therapy failure is mainly caused by cancer metastasis and drug resistance. Here, we investigated whether the tyrosine phosphatase Shp2 is involved in the development of metastasis and drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Shp2 was overexpressed in a subset of lung cancer tissues, and Shp2 knockdown in lung cancer cells inhibited cell proliferation and migration, downregulated c-Myc and fibronectin expression, and upregulated E-cadherin expression. In H1975 cells, which carry double mutations (L858R + T790M) in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) that confers resistance toward the tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib, Shp2 knockdown increased cellular sensitivity to gefitinib; conversely, in H292 cells, which express wild-type EGFR and are sensitive to gefitinib, Shp2 overexpression increased cellular resistance to gefitinib. Moreover, by overexpressing Shp2 or using U0126, a small-molecule inhibitor of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), we demonstrated that Shp2 inhibited E-cadherin expression and enhanced the expression of fibronectin and c-Myc through activation of the ERK1/2 pathway. Our findings reveal that Shp2 is overexpressed in clinical samples of NSCLC and that Shp2 knockdown reduces the proliferation and migration of lung cancer cells, and further suggest that co-inhibition of EGFR and Shp2 is an effective approach for overcoming EGFR T790M mutation acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Thus, we propose that Shp2 could serve as a new biomarker in the treatment of NSCLC.
Collapse
|
112
|
Bai S, Ingram P, Chen YC, Deng N, Pearson A, Niknafs YS, O'Hayer P, Wang Y, Zhang ZY, Boscolo E, Bischoff J, Yoon E, Buckanovich RJ. EGFL6 Regulates the Asymmetric Division, Maintenance, and Metastasis of ALDH+ Ovarian Cancer Cells. Cancer Res 2017; 76:6396-6409. [PMID: 27803106 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the factors that regulate the asymmetric division of cancer stem-like cells (CSC). Here, we demonstrate that EGFL6, a stem cell regulatory factor expressed in ovarian tumor cells and vasculature, regulates ALDH+ ovarian CSC. EGFL6 signaled at least in part via the oncoprotein SHP2 with concomitant activation of ERK. EGFL6 signaling promoted the migration and asymmetric division of ALDH+ ovarian CSC. As such, EGFL6 increased not only tumor growth but also metastasis. Silencing of EGFL6 or SHP2 limited numbers of ALDH+ cells and reduced tumor growth, supporting a critical role for EGFL6/SHP2 in ALDH+ cell maintenance. Notably, systemic administration of an EGFL6-neutralizing antibody we generated restricted tumor growth and metastasis, specifically blocking ovarian cancer cell recruitment to the ovary. Together, our results offer a preclinical proof of concept for EGFL6 as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Cancer Res; 76(21); 6396-409. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoumei Bai
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Patrick Ingram
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yu-Chih Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ning Deng
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Alex Pearson
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yashar S Niknafs
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Patrick O'Hayer
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yun Wang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Elisa Boscolo
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Joyce Bischoff
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Euisik Yoon
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ronald J Buckanovich
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. .,Division of Gynecologic-Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Zhang B, Lu W. Src homology 2 domain-containing phosphotyrosine phosphatase 2 (Shp2) controls surface GluA1 protein in synaptic homeostasis. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:15481-15488. [PMID: 28768764 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.775239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Src Homology 2 domain-containing phosphotyrosine phosphatase 2 (Shp2) functions in synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. However, the precise mechanisms by which this multifunctional protein contributes to synaptic function remains largely unknown. Homeostatic plasticity may be viewed as a process of bidirectional synaptic scaling, up or down. Through this process, neuronal circuitry stability is maintained so that changes in synaptic strength may be preserved under changing conditions. A better understanding of these processes is needed. In this regard, we report that phosphorylation of Shp2 at tyrosine 542 and its translocation to the postsynaptic compartment are integral processes in synaptic scaling. Furthermore, we show, using both pharmacological and genetic approaches, that Shp2 phosphatase activity is critical to the regulation of Ser(P)845 GluA1 and surface expression of this AMPA receptor subunit during synaptic scaling. Thus, Shp2 may contribute meaningfully to synaptic homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- the Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Institute of Life Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, China
| | - Wen Lu
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, China and
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Guo Y, Zhu SL, Wu YK, He Z, Chen YQ. Omega-3 free fatty acids attenuate insulin-promoted breast cancer cell proliferation. Nutr Res 2017. [PMID: 28633870 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
High insulin levels in obese people are considered as a risk factor to induce breast carcinogenesis. And consumption of fish oils which mainly contain omega-3 fatty acids is associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer. However, whether omega-3 free fatty acids (FFAs) modulate insulin signaling pathway to prevent breast cancer is poorly understood. The current study tested the hypothesis that omega-3 FFAs attenuate insulin-induced breast cancer cell proliferation and regulate insulin signaling pathway. We show here that omega-3 FFAs attenuate MCF-7 cell proliferation and Akt and Erk1/2 phosphorylation levels stimulated by insulin. Knockdown Shp2 by siRNA resulted in significantly elevated omega-3 FFAs-activated Akt phosphorylation but failed to change insulin-stimulated Akt and Erk1/2 phosphorylation. And viable cell number was not affected by either downregulation of Shp2 expression or Erk1/2 inhibitor U0126 treatment. These observations indicated that omega-3 FFAs attenuate insulin-promoted breast cancer cell proliferation and insulin-activated Akt phosphorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China; Synergistic Innovation Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Rd, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Long Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China; Synergistic Innovation Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Rd, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Kuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China; Synergistic Innovation Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Rd, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China; Synergistic Innovation Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Rd, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong-Quan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China; Synergistic Innovation Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Rd, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Xiang D, Cheng Z, Liu H, Wang X, Han T, Sun W, Li X, Yang W, Chen C, Xia M, Liu N, Yin S, Jin G, Lee T, Dong L, Hu H, Wang H, Ding J. Shp2 promotes liver cancer stem cell expansion by augmenting β-catenin signaling and predicts chemotherapeutic response of patients. Hepatology 2017; 65:1566-1580. [PMID: 28059452 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Src-homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 2 (Shp2) has been reported to play an important role in the maintenance and self-renewal of embryonic and adult stem cells, but its role in cancer stem cells (CSCs) remains obscure. Herein, we observed high expression of Shp2 in both chemoresistant hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) and recurrent HCCs from patients. A remarkable increase of Shp2 was detected in sorted epithelial cell adhesion molecule-positive or cluster of differentiation 133-positive liver CSCs and in CSC-enriched hepatoma spheroids from patients. Up-regulated Shp2 facilitated liver CSC expansion by promoting the dedifferentiation of hepatoma cells and enhancing the self-renewal of liver CSCs. Mechanistically, Shp2 dephosphorylated cell division cycle 73 in the cytosol of hepatoma cells, and the dephosphorylated cell division cycle 73 bound β-catenin and facilitated the nuclear translocation of β-catenin, which promoted the dedifferentiation of hepatoma cells. Shp2 increased β-catenin accumulation by inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase 3β-mediated β-catenin degradation in liver CSCs, thereby enhancing the self-renewal of liver CSCs. Blockage of β-catenin abolished the discrepancy in liver CSC proportion and the self-renewal capacity between Shp2-depleted hepatoma cells and control cells, which further confirmed that β-catenin is required in Shp2-promoted liver CSC expansion. More importantly, HCC patients with low Shp2 levels benefited from transcatheter arterial chemoembolization or sorafenib treatment, but patients with high Shp2 expression did not, indicating the significance of Shp2 in personalized HCC therapy. CONCLUSION Shp2 could promote HCC cell dedifferentiation and liver CSC expansion by amplifying β-catenin signaling and may be useful in predicting patient response to chemotherapeutics. (Hepatology 2017;65:1566-1580).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daimin Xiang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Zhuo Cheng
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Liu
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Wang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Han
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, China
| | - Wen Sun
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Yang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyang Xia
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Medicine, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengyong Yin
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangzhi Jin
- Department of Pathology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Terence Lee
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Liwei Dong
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Heping Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Medicine, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyang Wang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Ding
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Sun X, Zhang J, Wang Z, Ji W, Tian R, Zhang F, Niu R. Shp2 Plays a Critical Role in IL-6-Induced EMT in Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020395. [PMID: 28208810 PMCID: PMC5343930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulative evidence demonstrates that the protein tyrosine phosphatase Shp2 functions as a powerful tumor promoter in many types of cancers. Abnormal expression of Shp2 has been implicated in many human malignancies. Overexpression of Shp2 in cancer tissues is correlated with cancer metastasis, resistance to targeted therapy, and poor prognosis. The well-known function of Shp2 is its positive role in regulating cellular signaling initiated by growth factors and cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6). Several recent studies have shown that Shp2 is required for epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), triggered by growth factors. However, whether Shp2 is involved in IL-6-signaling-promoted breast cancer EMT and progression, remains undefined. In this study, we showed that exogenous and endogenous IL-6 can enhance breast cancer invasion and migration, through the promotion of EMT. IL-6 also induces the activation of Erk1/2 and the phosphorylation of Shp2. Knockdown of Shp2 attenuated the IL-6-induced downregulation of E-cadherin, as well as IL-6-promoted cell migration and invasion. Moreover, by using Shp2 phosphatase mutants, phosphor-tyrosine mimicking, and deficiency mutants, we provided evidence that the phosphatase activity of Shp2 and its tyrosine phosphorylation, are necessary for the IL-6-induced downregulation of E-cadherin and the phosphorylation of Erk1/2. Our findings uncover an important function that links Shp2 to IL-6-promoted breast cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Sun
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300060, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300060, China.
- Cambridge-Suda Genome Research Center; Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300060, China.
| | - Wei Ji
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300060, China.
| | - Ran Tian
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300060, China.
| | - Fei Zhang
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300060, China.
| | - Ruifang Niu
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300060, China.
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Dong H, Ma L, Gan J, Lin W, Chen C, Yao Z, Du L, Zheng L, Ke C, Huang X, Song H, Kumar R, Yeung SC, Zhang H. PTPRO represses ERBB2-driven breast oncogenesis by dephosphorylation and endosomal internalization of ERBB2. Oncogene 2017; 36:410-422. [PMID: 27345410 PMCID: PMC5269534 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane-associated tyrosine phosphatase PTPRO is frequently transcriptionally repressed in cancers and signifies poor prognosis of breast cancer patients. In this study, deletion of Ptpro in MMTV-Erbb2 transgenic mice dramatically shortened the mammary tumor latency and accelerated tumor growth due to loss of Ptpro within the breast cancer cells but not in surrounding tissue as confirmed by hetero-transplantation studies. Both in vitro and in vivo data demonstrated that the phosphatase activity was required for the inactivation of ERBB2 and its downstream signaling. PTPRO regulated the phosphorylation status of ERBB2 at Y1248. Co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assay (Duolink) indicated that PTPRO directly physically interacted with ERBB2. Moreover, PTPRO phosphatase activity shortened the half-life of ERBB2 by increasing endocytotic degradation. PTPRO reexpression by demethylation treatment using 5-azacytidine reduced the proliferation and colony formation potential in ERBB2-positive breast cancer cells. Taken together, PTPRO inhibited ERBB2-driven breast cancer through dephosphorylation leading to dual effects of ERBB2 signaling suppression and endosomal internalization of ERBB2, Therefore, reexpression of PTPRO may be a potential therapy for ERBB2-overexpressing breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Dong
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - L Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J Gan
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - W Lin
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - C Chen
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Z Yao
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - L Du
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - L Zheng
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - C Ke
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - X Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - H Song
- Department of Cell Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Suzhou Academy, Suzhou, China
| | - R Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA
| | - S C Yeung
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA. E-mail:
| | - H Zhang
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Biotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Xinling Road No. 22, Shantou 515041, ChinaE-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Shp2 Inhibits Proliferation of Esophageal Squamous Cell Cancer via Dephosphorylation of Stat3. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010134. [PMID: 28085101 PMCID: PMC5297767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Shp2 (Src-homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 2) was originally reported as an oncogene in kinds of solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. However, recent studies indicated that Shp2 may act as tumor suppressors in several tumor types. We investigated the function of Shp2 in esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC). The expression level of Shp2 was analyzed in tumor tissues in comparison with adjacent normal tissues of ESCC patients by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Shp2 was knocked down by Short hairpin RNA to evaluate its function in ESCC cell lines. The relationship between Shp2 and p-Stat3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) in human ESCC tissues was statistically examined. A significant low expression of Shp2 was found in ESCC tissues. Low expression of Shp2 was related to poorer overall survival in patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. Knockdown of Shp2 increased the growth of ESCC cell lines both in vivo and vitro. Activation of Stat3 (p-Stat3) was induced by Shp2 depletion. Expression of p-Stat3 was negatively correlated with Shp2 expression in ESCC tissues. Furthermore, knockdown of Shp2 attenuated cisplatin-sensitivity of ESCC cells. Shp2 might suppress the proliferation of ESCC by dephosphorylation of p-Stat3 and represents a novel research field for targeted therapy.
Collapse
|
119
|
Chen C, Liang F, Chen B, Sun Z, Xue T, Yang R, Luo D. Identification of demethylincisterol A 3 as a selective inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatase Shp2. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 795:124-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
120
|
HATAKEYAMA M. Structure and function of Helicobacter pylori CagA, the first-identified bacterial protein involved in human cancer. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2017; 93:196-219. [PMID: 28413197 PMCID: PMC5489429 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.93.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori cagA-positive strains is the strongest risk factor of gastric cancer. The cagA gene-encoded CagA protein is delivered into gastric epithelial cells via bacterial type IV secretion, where it undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation at the Glu-Pro-Ile-Tyr-Ala (EPIYA) motifs. Delivered CagA then acts as a non-physiological scaffold/hub protein by interacting with multiple host signaling molecules, most notably the pro-oncogenic phosphatase SHP2 and the polarity-regulating kinase PAR1/MARK, in both tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent and -independent manners. CagA-mediated manipulation of intracellular signaling promotes neoplastic transformation of gastric epithelial cells. Transgenic expression of CagA in experimental animals has confirmed the oncogenic potential of the bacterial protein. Structural polymorphism of CagA influences its scaffold function, which may underlie the geographic difference in the incidence of gastric cancer. Since CagA is no longer required for the maintenance of established gastric cancer cells, studying the role of CagA during neoplastic transformation will provide an excellent opportunity to understand molecular processes underlying "Hit-and-Run" carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masanori HATAKEYAMA
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Correspondence should be addressed: M. Hatakeyama, Division of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan (e-mail: )
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Buldenko V, Kobzar O, Trush V, Drapailo A, Kalchenko V, Vovk A. Sulfonyl-bridged Calix[4]arene as an Inhibitor of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases. FRENCH-UKRAINIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.17721/fujcv5i2p144-151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, phosphonic acid derivatives of calix[4]arene and thiacalix[4]arene were found to be potential inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B. In the present paper, the inhibitory activity of unsubstituted sulfonyl-bridget calix[4]arene towards some of the therapeutically important protein tyrosine phosphatases has been established. The obtained results showed that the sulfonylcalix[4]arene is able to inhibit protein tyrosine phosphatase MEG2 with IC50 value in the micromolar range. At the same time, the inhibitor demonstrated lower activity in case of other protein tyrosine phosphatases such as PTP1B, MEG1, TC-PTP, SHP2, and PTPβ. The performed molecular docking indicated that the inhibitor binds to the active site region of MEG2 and PTP1B with WPD-loop in the open conformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladyslav Buldenko
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr Kobzar
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
| | - Viacheslav Trush
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
| | - Andriy Drapailo
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
| | - Vitaly Kalchenko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
| | - Andriy Vovk
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
A tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 gain-of-function mutation enhances malignancy of breast carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 7:5664-76. [PMID: 26673822 PMCID: PMC4868712 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Evidence suggests that Src homologous protein phosphotyrosyl phosphatase 2 (SHP2) mutations promote cancer development in several solid tumours. In this study, we focused on the in vivo and in vitro effects of an SHP2 mutation on the breast cancer phenotype to determine whether this mutation is correlated with a malignant phenotype. Methods: Mutant PTPN11 cDNA (D61G) was transduced into MDA-MB231 and MCF-7 cells. The effects of the D61G mutation on tumourigenesis and malignant behaviours, such as cell adhesion, proliferation, migration and invasion, were examined. Potential underlying molecular mechanisms, i.e., activation of the Gab1-Ras-Erk axis, were also examined. Results:In vitro experiments revealed that tumour adhesion, proliferation, migration and invasion were significantly increased in the SHP2 D61G mutant groups. Consistently, in vivo experiments also showed that the tumour sizes and weights were increased significantly in the SHP2 D61G-MB231 group (p < 0.001) in association with tumour metastasis. Mechanistically, the PTPN11 mutation resulted in activation of the Ras-ErK pathway. The binding between Gab1 and mutant SHP2 was significantly increased. Conclusion: Mutant SHP2 significantly promotes tumour migration and invasion at least partially through activation of the Gab1-Ras-Erk axis. This finding could have direct implications for breast cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
123
|
Brasó-Maristany F, Filosto S, Catchpole S, Marlow R, Quist J, Francesch-Domenech E, Plumb DA, Zakka L, Gazinska P, Liccardi G, Meier P, Gris-Oliver A, Cheang MCU, Perdrix-Rosell A, Shafat M, Noël E, Patel N, McEachern K, Scaltriti M, Castel P, Noor F, Buus R, Mathew S, Watkins J, Serra V, Marra P, Grigoriadis A, Tutt AN. PIM1 kinase regulates cell death, tumor growth and chemotherapy response in triple-negative breast cancer. Nat Med 2016; 22:1303-1313. [PMID: 27775704 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) have poor prognosis and lack targeted therapies. Here we identified increased copy number and expression of the PIM1 proto-oncogene in genomic data sets of patients with TNBC. TNBC cells, but not nonmalignant mammary epithelial cells, were dependent on PIM1 for proliferation and protection from apoptosis. PIM1 knockdown reduced expression of the anti-apoptotic factor BCL2, and dynamic BH3 profiling of apoptotic priming revealed that PIM1 prevents mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in TNBC cell lines. In TNBC tumors and their cellular models, PIM1 expression was associated with several transcriptional signatures involving the transcription factor MYC, and PIM1 depletion in TNBC cell lines decreased, in a MYC-dependent manner, cell population growth and expression of the MYC target gene MCL1. Treatment with the pan-PIM kinase inhibitor AZD1208 impaired the growth of both cell line and patient-derived xenografts and sensitized them to standard-of-care chemotherapy. This work identifies PIM1 as a malignant-cell-selective target in TNBC and the potential use of PIM1 inhibitors for sensitizing TNBC to chemotherapy-induced apoptotic cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fara Brasó-Maristany
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Simone Filosto
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Steven Catchpole
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Marlow
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jelmar Quist
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.,Cancer Bioinformatics, Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Erika Francesch-Domenech
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Darren A Plumb
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Leila Zakka
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Patrycja Gazinska
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Gianmaria Liccardi
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Pascal Meier
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Albert Gris-Oliver
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maggie Chon U Cheang
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Anna Perdrix-Rosell
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Manar Shafat
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Elodie Noël
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Nirmesh Patel
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Maurizio Scaltriti
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (HOPP), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Pau Castel
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (HOPP), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Farzana Noor
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Richard Buus
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Sumi Mathew
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Johnathan Watkins
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Violeta Serra
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pierfrancesco Marra
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Anita Grigoriadis
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.,Cancer Bioinformatics, Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew N Tutt
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.,Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
SHP-2 phosphatase controls aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated ER stress response in mast cells. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:1739-1748. [PMID: 27709270 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1861-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Previously we reported that exposure of mouse and human mast cells to aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands resulted in reactive oxygen species (ROS)- and calcium (Ca2+)-dependent activation of mast cells in vitro and in vivo. However, the mechanisms through which the AhR-ligand axis mediates stress response, Ca2+ signaling and subsequent mast cell activation remain to be fully elucidated. Evidence is provided herein that SHP-2 is critical in regulating AhR-mediated ER stress response and intracellular Ca2+ dynamics. We found that an AhR ligand, FICZ, induced significant reduction of intracellular GSH and an increased level of intracellular ROS. Significantly, we showed that in FICZ-treated mast cells, SHP-2 promoted, in a ROS-dependent manner, ER stress response involving primarily the PERK signaling pathway, ATF4 activation and eIF2α phosphorylation, which could be reversed by the addition of an antioxidant, NAC, and was inhibited in cells with SHP-2 knockdown. Our findings suggested that SHP-2 is critical in controlling ER stress signals in response to AhR activation, which provides a new mechanistic insight into how the AhR-ligand axis regulates cellular adaptation to the environmental insult in mast cells.
Collapse
|
125
|
Kano Y, Cook JD, Lee JE, Ohh M. New structural and functional insight into the regulation of Ras. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 58:70-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
126
|
Tsai WC, Chen CL, Chen HC. Protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 promotes invadopodia formation through suppression of Rho signaling. Oncotarget 2016. [PMID: 26204488 PMCID: PMC4695156 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Invadopodia are actin-enriched membrane protrusions that are important for extracellular matrix degradation and invasive cell motility. Src homolog domain-containing phosphatase 2 (SHP2), a non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase, has been shown to play an important role in promoting cancer metastasis, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. In this study, we found that depletion of SHP2 by short-hairpin RNA suppressed invadopodia formation in several cancer cell lines, particularly in the SAS head and neck squamous cell line. In contrast, overexpression of SHP2 promoted invadopodia formation in the CAL27 head and neck squamous cell line, which expresses low levels of endogenous SHP2. The depletion of SHP2 in SAS cells significantly decreased their invasive motility. The suppression of invadopodia formation by SHP2 depletion was restored by the Clostridium botulinum C3 exoenzyme (a Rho GTPase inhibitor) or Y27632 (a specific inhibitor for Rho-associated kinase). Together, our results suggest that SHP2 may promote invadopodia formation through inhibition of Rho signaling in cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chen Tsai
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Lin Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Rong-Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Chen Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institutue of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Rong-Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Ha JR, Siegel PM, Ursini-Siegel J. The Tyrosine Kinome Dictates Breast Cancer Heterogeneity and Therapeutic Responsiveness. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:1971-90. [PMID: 27392311 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phospho-tyrosine signaling networks control numerous biological processes including cellular differentiation, cell growth and survival, motility, and invasion. Aberrant regulation of the tyrosine kinome is a hallmark of malignancy and influences all stages of breast cancer progression, from initiation to the development of metastatic disease. The success of specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors strongly validates the clinical relevance of tyrosine phosphorylation networks in breast cancer pathology. However, a significant degree of redundancy exists within the tyrosine kinome. Numerous receptor and cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases converge on a core set of signaling regulators, including adaptor proteins and tyrosine phosphatases, to amplify pro-tumorigenic signal transduction pathways. Mutational activation, amplification, or overexpression of one or more components of the tyrosine kinome represents key contributing events responsible for the tumor heterogeneity that is observed in breast cancers. It is this molecular heterogeneity that has become the most significant barrier to durable clinical responses due to the development of therapeutic resistance. This review focuses on recent literature that supports a prominent role for specific components of the tyrosine kinome in the emergence of unique breast cancer subtypes and in shaping breast cancer plasticity, sensitivity to targeted therapies, and the eventual emergence of acquired resistance. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1971-1990, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline R Ha
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Peter M Siegel
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Josie Ursini-Siegel
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Schneeberger VE, Ren Y, Luetteke N, Huang Q, Chen L, Lawrence HR, Lawrence NJ, Haura EB, Koomen JM, Coppola D, Wu J. Inhibition of Shp2 suppresses mutant EGFR-induced lung tumors in transgenic mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:6191-202. [PMID: 25730908 PMCID: PMC4467431 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutants drive lung tumorigenesis and are targeted for therapy. However, resistance to EGFR inhibitors has been observed, in which the mutant EGFR remains active. Thus, it is important to uncover mediators of EGFR mutant-driven lung tumors to develop new treatment strategies. The protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) Shp2 mediates EGF signaling. Nevertheless, it is unclear if Shp2 is activated by oncogenic EGFR mutants in lung carcinoma or if inhibiting the Shp2 PTP activity can suppress EGFR mutant-induced lung adenocarcinoma. Here, we generated transgenic mice containing a doxycycline (Dox)-inducible PTP-defective Shp2 mutant (tetO-Shp2CSDA). Using the rat Clara cell secretory protein (CCSP)-rtTA-directed transgene expression in the type II lung pneumocytes of transgenic mice, we found that the Gab1-Shp2 pathway was activated by EGFRL858R in the lungs of transgenic mice. Consistently, the Gab1-Shp2 pathway was activated in human lung adenocarcinoma cells containing mutant EGFR. Importantly, Shp2CSDA inhibited EGFRL858R-induced lung adenocarcinoma in transgenic animals. Analysis of lung tissues showed that Shp2CSDA suppressed Gab1 tyrosine phosphorylation and Gab1-Shp2 association, suggesting that Shp2 modulates a positive feedback loop to regulate its own activity. These results show that inhibition of the Shp2 PTP activity impairs mutant EGFR signaling and suppresses EGFRL858R-driven lung adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina E Schneeberger
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Division of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Yuan Ren
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Noreen Luetteke
- Small Animal Modeling and Imaging Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Qingling Huang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Liwei Chen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Harshani R Lawrence
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Nicholas J Lawrence
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Eric B Haura
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - John M Koomen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Division of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Domenico Coppola
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Division of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Combination of 5-fluorouracil and 2-morphilino-8-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one may inhibit liver cancer stem cell activity. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10943-58. [PMID: 26886287 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4915-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aims to evaluate the impact of 2-morpholino-8-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one (LY294002) combined 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) for the activity of CD90+ liver cancer cells derived from the human liver cancer cell line MHCC97H. MHCC97H sphere-forming cells (MSFCs) were amplified in serum-free medium and CD90+ cells were isolated from bulk MSFCs using flow cytometry. The phenotype of these CD90+ cells which show liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) behavior was validated in vitro and in a xenograft model in nude mice. MSFCs, CD90+ liver cancer cells (CD90+ LCCs), and parental MHCC97H cells were treated with no drug, LY294002 alone, 5-FU alone, or both drugs together and then compared in terms of stem cell-related gene expression, proliferation, and invasion. Stem cell phenotype increased with increasing proportion of CD90+ cells, in ascending order: parental MHCC97H cells, MSFCs, and CD90+ liver cancer cells. LY294002 reduced the expression of CD90, Nanog, SALL4, and SHP2 in a concentration-dependent manner in CD90+ LCCs and MSFCs, but not in parental cells. LY294002 blocked AKT phosphorylation via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and inhibited CD90+ LCCs proliferation and tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo. CD90+ liver cancer cells can express liver cancer stem cell phenotype. LY294002 inhibits the proliferation and invasion of MHCC97H-derived CD90+ LCCs and sensitized CD90+ LCCs-derived tumors to 5-FU in the current study which may provide insight into the association between the LY294002 combined 5-FU and liver cancer stem cell (LCSCs).
Collapse
|
130
|
Tien SC, Lee HH, Yang YC, Lin MH, Chen YJ, Chang ZF. The Shp2-induced epithelial disorganization defect is reversed by HDAC6 inhibition independent of Cdc42. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10420. [PMID: 26783207 PMCID: PMC4735695 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of Shp2, a tyrosine phosphatase, critically influences the development of various diseases. Its role in epithelial lumenogenesis is not clear. Here we show that oncogenic Shp2 dephosphorylates Tuba to decrease Cdc42 activation, leading to the abnormal multi-lumen formation of epithelial cells. HDAC6 suppression reverses oncogenic Shp2-induced multiple apical domains and spindle mis-orientation during division in cysts to acquire normal lumenogenesis. Intriguingly, Cdc42 activity is not restored in this rescued process. We present evidence that simultaneous reduction in myosin II and ERK1/2 activity by HDAC6 inhibition is responsible for the reversion. In HER2-positive breast cancer cells, Shp2 also mediates Cdc42 repression, and HDAC6 inhibition or co-suppression of ERK/myosin II promotes normal epithelial lumen phenotype without increasing Cdc42 activity. Our data suggest a mechanism of epithelial disorganization by Shp2 deregulation, and reveal the cellular context where HDAC6 suppression is capable of establishing normal epithelial lumenogenesis independent of Cdc42. Cdc42 activity is important for apical-basal epithelial polarity. Here, the authors show that Shp2 disrupts Cdc42 activation, and by reducing the expression of histone deactylase 6, restores epithelial lumen formation in a cdc42-independent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sui-Chih Tien
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Linong Street,Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Hui Lee
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Linong Street,Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chi Yang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Linong Street,Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Miao-Hsia Lin
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Zee-Fen Chang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Linong Street,Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Matalkah F, Martin E, Zhao H, Agazie YM. SHP2 acts both upstream and downstream of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases to promote basal-like and triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2016; 18:2. [PMID: 26728598 PMCID: PMC4700603 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-015-0659-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dysregulated receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling is a common occurrence in basal-like and triple-negative breast cancer (BTBC). As a result, RTK-targeting therapies have been initiated but proved difficult, mainly owing to the multiplicity of dysregulated RTKs. Hence, targeting master regulators of RTK signaling might alleviate this obstacle. Before that, however, defining the mechanism of such molecules is required. In this report, we show that the Src homology phosphotyrosyl phosphatase 2 (SHP2) is a master regulator of RTK expression and signaling in BTBC. METHODS Xenograft tumor growth studies were used to determine the effect of SHP2 inhibition on tumorigenesis and/or metastasis. Cell proliferation rate, anchorage-independent growth, mammosphere formation, and ALDEFLUOR assays were used to compare the relative functional importance of SHP2 and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in BTBC cells. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analyses were used to determine the state of SHP2 and EGFR coexpression in BTBC. Analysis of mitogenic and cell survival signaling was performed to show SHP2's role in signaling by multiple RTKs. RESULTS Inhibition of SHP2 in BTBC cells suppresses their tumorigenic and metastatic properties. Because EGFR is the most commonly dysregulated RTK in BTBC, we first tested the effect of SHP2 inhibition on EGFR signaling and found that SHP2 is important not only for mediation of the Ras/extracellular signal-regulated kinase and the phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathways but also for the expression of the receptor itself. The existence of a tight association between SHP2 and EGFR expression in tumors and cell lines further suggested the importance of SHP2 in EGFR expression. Comparison of relative biological significance showed the superiority of SHP2 inhibition over that of EGFR, suggesting the existence of additional RTKs regulated by SHP2. Indeed, we found that the expression as well as the signaling efficiency of c-Met and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1, two other RTKs known to be dysregulated in BTBC, are SHP2-dependent. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of SHP2 acting both upstream and downstream of RTKs to promote signaling. CONCLUSIONS SHP2 upregulates the expression and signaling of multiple RTKs to promote BTBC. These findings provide a mechanistic explanation for the superiority of SHP2 inhibition in BTBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatimah Matalkah
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Elisha Martin
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Hua Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Yehenew M Agazie
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA. .,The Marry Babb Randolph Cancer Center, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Zheng J, Huang S, Huang Y, Song L, Yin Y, Kong W, Chen X, Ouyang X. Expression and prognosis value of SHP2 in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:7853-9. [PMID: 26695153 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4675-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SHP2 is an src homology (SH) 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP). SHP2 implicitly contributes to tumorigenesis, but the role of SHP2 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance and associated expression of SHP2 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients. We used immunohistochemistry to assess the protein expression levels of SHP2 in 79 PDAC specimens. The correlations between SHP2 expression and various clinicopathological features were evaluated by Pearson's chi-square (χ (2)) test, Fisher's exact test, and Spearman's rank. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to identify correlations between the immunohistochemical data for SHP2 expression and the clinicopathologic characteristics in PDAC. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to demonstrate the relation between overall survival and the expression of SHP2. Immunohistochemistry revealed significantly higher rates of high SHP2 expression in PDAC tissues (55.7 %) versus adjacent non-cancer tissues (10.1 %) (P < 0.05). Expression of SHP2 was only significantly correlated with histological differentiation (P = 0.033) and vital status (P = 0.025). Patients with high SHP2 expression had shorter overall survival times compared to those with low SHP2 expression (P = 0.000). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that SHP2 overexpression was an independent prognostic factor in PDAC (P = 0.012). Our study demonstrated for the first time that higher expression of SHP2 might be involved in the progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, suggesting that SHP2 may be a potential prognostic marker and target for therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Fuzong Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Shanshan Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Fuzong Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Yufang Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Fuzong Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Li Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Fuzong Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Yin Yin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wencui Kong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Fuzong Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Xiong Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Fuzong Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China.
| | - Xuenong Ouyang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Fuzong Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Sharma N, Everingham S, Zeng LF, Zhang ZY, Kapur R, Craig AWB. Oncogenic KIT-induced aggressive systemic mastocytosis requires SHP2/PTPN11 phosphatase for disease progression in mice. Oncotarget 2015; 5:6130-41. [PMID: 25026279 PMCID: PMC4171618 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired mutations in KIT are driver mutations in systemic mastocytosis (SM). Here, we tested the role of SHP2/PTPN11 phosphatase in oncogenic KIT signaling using an aggressive SM mouse model. Stable knock-down (KD) of SHP2 led to impaired growth, colony formation, and increased rates of apoptosis in P815 cells. This correlated with defects in signaling to ERK/Bim, Btk, Lyn, and Stat5 pathways in P815-KD cells compared to non-targeting (NT). Retro-orbital injections of P815 NT cells in syngeneic DBA/2 mice resulted in rapid development of aggressive SM within 13-16 days characterized by splenomegaly, extramedullary hematopoiesis, and multifocal liver tumors. In contrast, mice injected with P815 SHP2 KD cells showed less disease burden, including normal spleen weight and cellularity, and significant reductions in mastocytoma cells in spleen, bone marrow, peripheral blood and liver compared to NT controls. Treatment of human mast cell leukemia HMC-1 cells or P815 cells with SHP2 inhibitor II-B08, resulted in reduced colony formation and cell viability. Combining II-B08 with multi-kinase inhibitor Dasatinib showed enhanced efficacy than either inhibitor alone in blocking cell growth pathways and cell viability. Taken together, these results identify SHP2 as a key effector of oncogenic KIT and a therapeutic target in aggressive SM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Namit Sharma
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6; Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - Stephanie Everingham
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6; Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - Li-Fan Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Reuben Kapur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andrew W B Craig
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6; Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Melanoma Cell-Intrinsic PD-1 Receptor Functions Promote Tumor Growth. Cell 2015; 162:1242-56. [PMID: 26359984 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 477] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic antibodies targeting programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) activate tumor-specific immunity and have shown remarkable efficacy in the treatment of melanoma. Yet, little is known about tumor cell-intrinsic PD-1 pathway effects. Here, we show that murine and human melanomas contain PD-1-expressing cancer subpopulations and demonstrate that melanoma cell-intrinsic PD-1 promotes tumorigenesis, even in mice lacking adaptive immunity. PD-1 inhibition on melanoma cells by RNAi, blocking antibodies, or mutagenesis of melanoma-PD-1 signaling motifs suppresses tumor growth in immunocompetent, immunocompromised, and PD-1-deficient tumor graft recipient mice. Conversely, melanoma-specific PD-1 overexpression enhances tumorigenicity, as does engagement of melanoma-PD-1 by its ligand, PD-L1, whereas melanoma-PD-L1 inhibition or knockout of host-PD-L1 attenuate growth of PD-1-positive melanomas. Mechanistically, the melanoma-PD-1 receptor modulates downstream effectors of mTOR signaling. Our results identify melanoma cell-intrinsic functions of the PD-1:PD-L1 axis in tumor growth and suggest that blocking melanoma-PD-1 might contribute to the striking clinical efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy.
Collapse
|
135
|
Chen C, Cao M, Zhu S, Wang C, Liang F, Yan L, Luo D. Discovery of a Novel Inhibitor of the Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Shp2. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17626. [PMID: 26626996 PMCID: PMC4667271 DOI: 10.1038/srep17626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Shp2 is a ubiquitously expressed protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) related to adult acute myelogenous leukemia and human solid tumors. In this report, we describe identification of a potent Shp2 inhibitor, Fumosorinone (Fumos) from entomogenous fungi, which shows selective inhibition of Shp2 over other tested PTPs. Using a surface plasmon resonance analysis, we further confirmed the physical interaction between Shp2 and Fumos. Fumos inhibits Shp2-dependent activation of the Ras/ERK signal pathway downstream of EGFR, and interrupts EGF-induced Gab1-Shp2 association. As expected, Fumos shows little effects on the Shp2-independent ERK1/2 activation induced by PMA or oncogenic Ras. Furthermore, Fumos down-regulates Src activation, inhibits phosphorylation of Paxillin and prevents tumor cell invasion. These results suggest that Fumos can inhibit Shp2-dependent cell signaling in human cells and has a potential for treatment of Shp2-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Chen
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P.R. China
| | - Mengmeng Cao
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P.R. China
| | - Siyu Zhu
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P.R. China
| | - Cuicui Wang
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P.R. China
| | - Fan Liang
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P.R. China
| | - Leilei Yan
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P.R. China
| | - Duqiang Luo
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Bunda S, Burrell K, Heir P, Zeng L, Alamsahebpour A, Kano Y, Raught B, Zhang ZY, Zadeh G, Ohh M. Inhibition of SHP2-mediated dephosphorylation of Ras suppresses oncogenesis. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8859. [PMID: 26617336 PMCID: PMC4674766 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ras is phosphorylated on a conserved tyrosine at position 32 within the switch I region via Src kinase. This phosphorylation inhibits the binding of effector Raf while promoting the engagement of GTPase-activating protein (GAP) and GTP hydrolysis. Here we identify SHP2 as the ubiquitously expressed tyrosine phosphatase that preferentially binds to and dephosphorylates Ras to increase its association with Raf and activate downstream proliferative Ras/ERK/MAPK signalling. In comparison to normal astrocytes, SHP2 activity is elevated in astrocytes isolated from glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)-prone H-Ras(12V) knock-in mice as well as in glioma cell lines and patient-derived GBM specimens exhibiting hyperactive Ras. Pharmacologic inhibition of SHP2 activity attenuates cell proliferation, soft-agar colony formation and orthotopic GBM growth in NOD/SCID mice and decelerates the progression of low-grade astrocytoma to GBM in a spontaneous transgenic glioma mouse model. These results identify SHP2 as a direct activator of Ras and a potential therapeutic target for cancers driven by a previously ‘undruggable' oncogenic or hyperactive Ras. Aberrant Ras signalling resulting in downstream Mek/Erk pathway activation is found in many cancers. Here, the authors show that the phosphatase SHP2 dephosphorylates Ras resulting in increased Ras activity, and that increased SHP2 activity is found in glioblastomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Severa Bunda
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, M5S1A8 Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelly Burrell
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, University Health Network, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower, 101 College Street, East Tower, Toronto, M5G1L7 Ontario, Canada
| | - Pardeep Heir
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, M5S1A8 Ontario, Canada
| | - Lifan Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Amir Alamsahebpour
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, University Health Network, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower, 101 College Street, East Tower, Toronto, M5G1L7 Ontario, Canada
| | - Yoshihito Kano
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, M5S1A8 Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, M5S1A8 Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian Raught
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower, 9-701A, 101 College Street, Toronto, M5G1L7 Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Gelareh Zadeh
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, University Health Network, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower, 101 College Street, East Tower, Toronto, M5G1L7 Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Ohh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, M5S1A8 Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, M5S1A8 Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Beltran-Sastre V, Benisty H, Burnier J, Berger I, Serrano L, Kiel C. Tuneable endogenous mammalian target complementation via multiplexed plasmid-based recombineering. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17432. [PMID: 26612112 PMCID: PMC4661934 DOI: 10.1038/srep17432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the quantitative functional consequences of human disease mutations requires silencing of endogenous genes and expression of mutants at close to physiological levels. Changing protein levels above or below these levels is also important for system perturbation and modelling. Fast design optimization demands flexible interchangeable cassettes for endogenous gene silencing and tuneable expression. Here, we introduce ‘TEMTAC’, a multigene recombineering and delivery system for simultaneous siRNA-based knockdown and regulated mutant (or other variant) expression with different dynamic ranges. We show its applicability by confirming known phenotypic effects for selected mutations for BRAF, HRAS, and SHP2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Beltran-Sastre
- EMBL/CRG Systems Biology Research Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hannah Benisty
- EMBL/CRG Systems Biology Research Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julia Burnier
- EMBL/CRG Systems Biology Research Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Imre Berger
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, B.P. 181, Grenoble, France.,The School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Clifton BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Luis Serrano
- EMBL/CRG Systems Biology Research Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christina Kiel
- EMBL/CRG Systems Biology Research Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Coulombe G, Rivard N. New and Unexpected Biological Functions for the Src-Homology 2 Domain-Containing Phosphatase SHP-2 in the Gastrointestinal Tract. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 2:11-21. [PMID: 28174704 PMCID: PMC4980741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SHP-2 is a tyrosine phosphatase expressed in most embryonic and adult tissues. SHP-2 regulates many cellular functions including growth, differentiation, migration, and survival. Genetic and biochemical evidence show that SHP-2 is required for rat sarcoma viral oncogene/extracellular signal-regulated kinases mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway activation by most tyrosine kinase receptors, as well as by G-protein-coupled and cytokine receptors. In addition, SHP-2 can regulate the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription, nuclear factor-κB, phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase/Akt, RhoA, Hippo, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. Emerging evidence has shown that SHP-2 dysfunction represents a key factor in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases, in particular in chronic inflammation and cancer. Variations within the gene locus encoding SHP-2 have been associated with increased susceptibility to develop ulcerative colitis and gastric atrophy. Furthermore, mice with conditional deletion of SHP-2 in intestinal epithelial cells rapidly develop severe colitis. Similarly, hepatocyte-specific deletion of SHP-2 induces hepatic inflammation, resulting in regenerative hyperplasia and development of tumors in aged mice. However, the SHP-2 gene initially was suggested to be a proto-oncogene because activating mutations of this gene were found in pediatric leukemias and certain forms of liver and colon cancers. Moreover, SHP-2 expression is up-regulated in gastric and hepatocellular cancers. Notably, SHP-2 functions downstream of cytotoxin-associated antigen A (CagA), the major virulence factor of Helicobacter pylori, and is associated with increased risks of gastric cancer. Further compounding this complexity, most recent findings suggest that SHP-2 also coordinates carbohydrate, lipid, and bile acid synthesis in the liver and pancreas. This review aims to summarize current knowledge and recent data regarding the biological functions of SHP-2 in the gastrointestinal tract.
Collapse
Key Words
- CagA, cytotoxin-associated gene A
- ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinases
- FGF, fibroblast growth factor
- GI, gastrointestinal
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- IEC, intestinal epithelial cell
- JMML, juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia
- KO, knockout
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB
- PI3K, phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase
- PTP, protein tyrosine phosphatase
- PTPN11
- RAS, rat sarcoma viral oncogene
- epithelium
- gastrointestinal cancer
- inflammation
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathalie Rivard
- Correspondence Address correspondence to: Nathalie Rivard, PhD, 3201, Jean Mignault, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada, J1E4K8.3201Jean Mignault, SherbrookeQuebecCanada, J1E4K8
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Dramatic increase in SHP2 binding activity of Helicobacter pylori Western CagA by EPIYA-C duplication: its implications in gastric carcinogenesis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15749. [PMID: 26507409 PMCID: PMC4623810 DOI: 10.1038/srep15749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with cagA-positive Helicobacter pylori is critically associated with the development of gastric cancer. The cagA-encoded CagA is delivered into gastric epithelial cells via type IV secretion, where it interacts with and thereby deregulates the pro-oncogenic phosphatase SHP2. East Asian CagA and Western CagA are two major CagA species produced by H. pylori circulating in East Asian countries and in the rest of the world, respectively. The SHP2 binding site of Western CagA, termed the EPIYA-C segment, variably duplicates and infection with H. pylori carrying Western CagA with multiple EPIYA-C segments is a distinct risk factor of gastric cancer. Here we show that duplication of EPIYA-C from one to two or more increases SHP2 binding of Western CagA by more than one hundredfold. Based on the decisive difference in SHP2 binding, Western CagA can be divided into two types: type I CagA carrying a single EPIYA-C segment and type II CagA carrying multiple EPIYA-C segments. Gastric epithelial cells expressing type II CagA acquire the ability to invade extracellular matrices, a malignant cellular trait associated with deregulated SHP2. A big leap in SHP2 binding activity may therefore provide molecular basis that makes type II Western CagA a distinct gastric cancer risk.
Collapse
|
140
|
Kiselev VY, Juvin V, Malek M, Luscombe N, Hawkins P, Le Novère N, Stephens L. Perturbations of PIP3 signalling trigger a global remodelling of mRNA landscape and reveal a transcriptional feedback loop. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:9663-79. [PMID: 26464442 PMCID: PMC4787766 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PIP3 is synthesized by the Class I PI3Ks and regulates complex cell responses, such as growth and migration. Signals that drive long-term reshaping of cell phenotypes are difficult to resolve because of complex feedback networks that operate over extended times. PIP3-dependent modulation of mRNA accumulation is clearly important in this process but is poorly understood. We have quantified the genome-wide mRNA-landscape of non-transformed, breast epithelium-derived MCF10a cells and its response to acute regulation by EGF, in the presence or absence of a PI3Kα inhibitor, compare it to chronic activation of PI3K signalling by cancer-relevant mutations (isogenic cells expressing an oncomutant PI3Kα allele or lacking the PIP3-phosphatase/tumour-suppressor, PTEN). Our results show that whilst many mRNAs are changed by long-term genetic perturbation of PIP3 signalling ('butterfly effect'), a much smaller number do so in a coherent fashion with the different PIP3 perturbations. This suggests a subset of more directly regulated mRNAs. We show that mRNAs respond differently to given aspects of PIP3 regulation. Some PIP3-sensitive mRNAs encode PI3K pathway components, thus suggesting a transcriptional feedback loop. We identify the transcription factor binding motifs SRF and PRDM1 as important regulators of PIP3-sensitive mRNAs involved in cell movement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Veronique Juvin
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Mouhannad Malek
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | | | - Phillip Hawkins
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Nicolas Le Novère
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Len Stephens
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Buonato JM, Lan IS, Lazzara MJ. EGF augments TGFβ-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition by promoting SHP2 binding to GAB1. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:3898-909. [PMID: 26359300 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.169599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In many epithelial cells, epidermal growth factor (EGF) augments the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that occurs when cells are treated with transforming growth factor β (TGFβ). We demonstrate that this augmentation requires activation of SH2 domain-containing phosphatase-2 (SHP2; also known as PTPN11), a proto-oncogene. In lung and pancreatic cancer cell lines, reductions in E-cadherin expression, increases in vimentin expression and increases in cell scatter rates were larger when cells were treated with TGFβ and EGF versus TGFβ or EGF alone. SHP2 knockdown promoted epithelial characteristics basally and antagonized EMT in response to TGFβ alone or in combination with EGF. Whereas EGF promoted SHP2 binding to tyrosine phosphorylated GAB1, which promotes SHP2 activity, TGFβ did not induce SHP2 association with phosphotyrosine-containing proteins. Knockdown of endogenous SHP2 and reconstitution with an SHP2 mutant with impaired phosphotyrosine binding ability eliminated the EGF-mediated EMT augmentation that was otherwise restored with wild-type SHP2 reconstitution. These results demonstrate roles for basal and ligand-induced SHP2 activity in EMT and further motivate efforts to identify specific ways to inhibit SHP2, given the role of EMT in tumor dissemination and chemoresistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janine M Buonato
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ingrid S Lan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew J Lazzara
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Glukhova MA, Hynes N, Vivanco MDM, van Amerongen R, Clarke RB, Bentires-Alj M. The seventh ENBDC workshop on methods in mammary gland development and cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 17:119. [PMID: 26330220 PMCID: PMC4557821 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-015-0629-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The seventh annual meeting of the European Network of Breast Development and Cancer Laboratories, held in Weggis, Switzerland, in April 2015, was focused on techniques for the study of normal and cancer stem cells, cell fate decisions, cancer initiation and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Glukhova
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 26 Rue d'Ulm, Paris, F-75248, France. .,CNRS, UMR144, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris, F-75248, France. .,INSERM, 101 rue de Tolbiac, Paris, F-75013, France.
| | - Nancy Hynes
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI), Maulbeerstr. 66, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maria dM Vivanco
- CIC bioGUNE, Cell Biology & Stem Cell Unit, Technological Park of Bizkaia, 801 A, 48160 Dero, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Renée van Amerongen
- Section of Molecular Cytology and Van Leeuwenhoek Center for Advance Microscopy, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert B Clarke
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Paterson Building, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Mohamed Bentires-Alj
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI), Maulbeerstr. 66, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
SHP2 sails from physiology to pathology. Eur J Med Genet 2015; 58:509-25. [PMID: 26341048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the two past decades, mutations of the PTPN11 gene, encoding the ubiquitous protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 (SH2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase 2), have been identified as the causal factor of several developmental diseases (Noonan syndrome (NS), Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines (NS-ML), and metachondromatosis), and malignancies (juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia). SHP2 plays essential physiological functions in organism development and homeostasis maintenance by regulating fundamental intracellular signaling pathways in response to a wide range of growth factors and hormones, notably the pleiotropic Ras/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) and the Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase (PI3K)/AKT cascades. Analysis of the biochemical impacts of PTPN11 mutations first identified both loss-of-function and gain-of-function mutations, as well as more subtle defects, highlighting the major pathophysiological consequences of SHP2 dysregulation. Then, functional genetic studies provided insights into the molecular dysregulations that link SHP2 mutants to the development of specific traits of the diseases, paving the way for the design of specific therapies for affected patients. In this review, we first provide an overview of SHP2's structure and regulation, then describe its molecular roles, notably its functions in modulating the Ras/MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, and its physiological roles in organism development and homeostasis. In the second part, we describe the different PTPN11 mutation-associated pathologies and their clinical manifestations, with particular focus on the biochemical and signaling outcomes of NS and NS-ML-associated mutations, and on the recent advances regarding the pathophysiology of these diseases.
Collapse
|
144
|
Han T, Xiang DM, Sun W, Liu N, Sun HL, Wen W, Shen WF, Wang RY, Chen C, Wang X, Cheng Z, Li HY, Wu MC, Cong WM, Feng GS, Ding J, Wang HY. PTPN11/Shp2 overexpression enhances liver cancer progression and predicts poor prognosis of patients. J Hepatol 2015; 63:651-60. [PMID: 25865556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS We have previously reported that Shp2, a tyrosine phosphatase previously known as a pro-leukemogenic molecule, suppresses the initiation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the role of Shp2 in HCC progression remains obscure. METHODS Shp2 expression was determined in human HCC using real-time PCR, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. Clinical significance of Shp2 expression was analyzed in 301 HCC tissues with clinico-pathological characteristics and follow-up information. Short hairpin RNA was utilized to investigate the function of Shp2 in hepatoma cell behavior. Role of Shp2 in HCC progression was monitored through nude mice xenograft assay. Kinase activity assay and co-immunoprecipitation were used for mechanism analysis. RESULTS Elevated expression of Shp2 was detected in 65.9% (394/598) of human HCCs, and its levels were even higher in metastasized foci. Overexpression of Shp2 correlated well with the malignant clinico-pathological characteristics of HCC and predicted the poor prognosis of patients. Interference of Shp2 expression suppressed the proliferation of hepatoma cells in vitro and inhibited the growth of HCC xenografts in vivo. Down-regulation of Shp2 attenuated the adhesion and migration of hepatoma cells and diminished metastasized HCC formation in mice. Our data demonstrated that Shp2 promotes HCC growth and metastasis by coordinately activating Ras/Raf/Erk pathway and PI3-K/Akt/mTOR cascade. Moreover, down-regulation of Shp2 enhanced the sensitivity of hepatoma cells upon sorafenib treatment, and patients with low Shp2 expression exhibited superior prognosis to sorafenib. CONCLUSIONS Shp2 promotes the progression of HCC and may serve as a prognostic biomarker for patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Han
- The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dai-Min Xiang
- The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wen Sun
- The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Na Liu
- The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Huan-Lin Sun
- The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wen Wen
- The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei-Feng Shen
- The Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ruo-Yu Wang
- The Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xue Wang
- The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhuo Cheng
- The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Heng-Yu Li
- The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Meng-Chao Wu
- The Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wen-Ming Cong
- The Department of Pathology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Gen-Sheng Feng
- Department of Pathology, and Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jin Ding
- The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Hong-Yang Wang
- The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai 200433, China.
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Pemberton-Ross PJ, Pachkov M, van Nimwegen E. ARMADA: Using motif activity dynamics to infer gene regulatory networks from gene expression data. Methods 2015; 85:62-74. [PMID: 26164700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of gene expression data remains one of the most promising avenues toward reconstructing genome-wide gene regulatory networks. However, the large dimensionality of the problem prohibits the fitting of explicit dynamical models of gene regulatory networks, whereas machine learning methods for dimensionality reduction such as clustering or principal component analysis typically fail to provide mechanistic interpretations of the reduced descriptions. To address this, we recently developed a general methodology called motif activity response analysis (MARA) that, by modeling gene expression patterns in terms of the activities of concrete regulators, accomplishes dramatic dimensionality reduction while retaining mechanistic biological interpretations of its predictions (Balwierz, 2014). Here we extend MARA by presenting ARMADA, which models the activity dynamics of regulators across a time course, and infers the causal interactions between the regulators that drive the dynamics of their activities across time. We have implemented ARMADA as part of our ISMARA webserver, ismara.unibas.ch, allowing any researcher to automatically apply it to any gene expression time course. To illustrate the method, we apply ARMADA to a time course of human umbilical vein endothelial cells treated with TNF. Remarkably, ARMADA is able to reproduce the complex observed motif activity dynamics using a relatively small set of interactions between the key regulators in this system. In addition, we show that ARMADA successfully infers many of the key regulatory interactions known to drive this inflammatory response and discuss several novel interactions that ARMADA predicts. In combination with ISMARA, ARMADA provides a powerful approach to generating plausible hypotheses for the key interactions between regulators that control gene expression in any system for which time course measurements are available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Pemberton-Ross
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Mikhail Pachkov
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Erik van Nimwegen
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Gu W, Prasadam I, Yu M, Zhang F, Ling P, Xiao Y, Yu C. Gamma tocotrienol targets tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 in mammospheres resulting in cell death through RAS/ERK pathway. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:609. [PMID: 26315028 PMCID: PMC4552156 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1614-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is increasing evidence supporting the concept of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are responsible for the initiation, growth and metastasis of tumors. CSCs are thus considered the target for future cancer therapies. To achieve this goal, identifying potential therapeutic targets for CSCs is essential. Methods We used a natural product of vitamin E, gamma tocotrienol (gamma-T3), to treat mammospheres and spheres from colon and cervical cancers. Western blotting and real-time RT-PCR were employed to identify the gene and protein targets of gamma-T3 in mammospheres. Results We found that mammosphere growth was inhibited in a dose dependent manner, with total inhibition at high doses. Gamma-T3 also inhibited sphere growth in two other human epithelial cancers, colon and cervix. Our results suggested that both Src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 1 (SHP1) and 2 (SHP2) were affected by gamma-T3 which was accompanied by a decrease in K- and H-Ras gene expression and phosphorylated ERK protein levels in a dose dependent way. In contrast, expression of self-renewal genes TGF-beta and LIF, as well as ESR signal pathways were not affected by the treatment. These results suggest that gamma-T3 specifically targets SHP2 and the RAS/ERK signaling pathway. Conclusions SHP1 and SHP2 are potential therapeutic targets for breast CSCs and gamma-T3 is a promising natural drug for future breast cancer therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1614-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Gu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, the University of Queensland, The corner of Cooper Rd. St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Indira Prasadam
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Meihua Yu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, the University of Queensland, The corner of Cooper Rd. St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Fengxia Zhang
- School of Biomedical Science, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Patrick Ling
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Yin Xiao
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Chengzhong Yu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, the University of Queensland, The corner of Cooper Rd. St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Xu Y, Zhang H, Nguyen VTM, Angelopoulos N, Nunes J, Reid A, Buluwela L, Magnani L, Stebbing J, Giamas G. LMTK3 Represses Tumor Suppressor-like Genes through Chromatin Remodeling in Breast Cancer. Cell Rep 2015; 12:837-49. [PMID: 26212333 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
LMTK3 is an oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) implicated in various types of cancer, including breast, lung, gastric, and colorectal cancer. It is localized in different cellular compartments, but its nuclear function has not been investigated so far. We mapped LMTK3 binding across the genome using ChIP-seq and found that LMTK3 binding events are correlated with repressive chromatin markers. We further identified KRAB-associated protein 1 (KAP1) as a binding partner of LMTK3. The LMTK3/KAP1 interaction is stabilized by PP1α, which suppresses KAP1 phosphorylation specifically at LMTK3-associated chromatin regions, inducing chromatin condensation and resulting in transcriptional repression of LMTK3-bound tumor suppressor-like genes. Furthermore, LMTK3 functions at distal regions in tethering the chromatin to the nuclear periphery, resulting in H3K9me3 modification and gene silencing. In summary, we propose a model where a scaffolding function of nuclear LMTK3 promotes cancer progression through chromatin remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Xu
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Hua Zhang
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Van Thuy Mai Nguyen
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Nicos Angelopoulos
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Joao Nunes
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Alistair Reid
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Laki Buluwela
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Luca Magnani
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Justin Stebbing
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Georgios Giamas
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
148
|
Hu ZQ, Ma R, Zhang CM, Li J, Li L, Hu ZT, Gao QI, Li WM. Expression and clinical significance of tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 in thyroid carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:1507-1512. [PMID: 26622699 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 is encoded by the gene PTPN11. SHP2 is hypothesized to have a critical role in cancer, via the activation of mutations that have been detected in several types of leukaemia and in certain solid tumours, including liver, breast, gastric and cervical cancer. However, to the best of our knowledge, there have been no previous reports evaluating the significance of SHP2 expression in thyroid cancer. The present study evaluated SHP2 expression in 65 thyroid cancer specimens, 40 specimens of self-matched adjacent peritumour tissues and 40 specimens of normal thyroid tissue, using immunohistochemical and western blot analyses with an anti-SHP2 antibody. Western blotting was also used to assess SHP2 expression in thyroid cancer cell lines (SW579, IHH-4, FTC-133, TPC-1, DRO, TA-K, and ML-1) and Nthy-ori3-1 normal thyroid cells. In addition, SHP2 antisense oligonucleotides were used to block SHP2 expression in SW579 cells, and growth inhibition assays were conducted. Increased SHP2 expression was detected in the tumour tissues compared with that of the normal thyroid tissues (P<0.05). SHP2 expression was significantly correlated with poor tumour differentiation (P<0.05), late TNM stage (P<0.05) and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05), suggesting that SHP2 may represent a potential target for thyroid cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Qian Hu
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Rui Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Chi-Min Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Ting Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Q I Gao
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Min Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Zhang J, Zhang F, Niu R. Functions of Shp2 in cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:2075-83. [PMID: 26088100 PMCID: PMC4568912 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Diagnostics and therapies have shown evident advances. Tumour surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the main techniques in treat cancers. Targeted therapy and drug resistance are the main focus in cancer research, but many molecular intracellular mechanisms remain unknown. Src homology region 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (Shp2) is associated with breast cancer, leukaemia, lung cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, laryngeal cancer, oral cancer and other cancer types. Signalling pathways involving Shp2 have also been discovered. Shp2 is related to many diseases. Mutations in the ptpn11 gene cause Noonan syndrome, LEOPARD syndrome and childhood leukaemia. Shp2 is also involved in several cancer-related processes, including cancer cell invasion and metastasis, apoptosis, DNA damage, cell proliferation, cell cycle and drug resistance. Based on the structure and function of Shp2, scientists have investigated specific mechanisms involved in cancer. Shp2 may be a potential therapeutic target because this phosphatase is implicated in many aspects. Furthermore, Shp2 inhibitors have been used in experiments to develop treatment strategies. However, conflicting results related to Shp2 functions have been presented in the literature, and such results should be resolved in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruifang Niu
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
Shp2 promotes metastasis of prostate cancer by attenuating the PAR3/PAR6/aPKC polarity protein complex and enhancing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Oncogene 2015; 35:1271-82. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|