101
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Chiu AM, Mitra M, Boymoushakian L, Coller HA. Integrative analysis of the inter-tumoral heterogeneity of triple-negative breast cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11807. [PMID: 30087365 PMCID: PMC6081411 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29992-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) lack estrogen and progesterone receptors and HER2 amplification, and are resistant to therapies that target these receptors. Tumors from TNBC patients are heterogeneous based on genetic variations, tumor histology, and clinical outcomes. We used high throughput genomic data for TNBC patients (n = 137) from TCGA to characterize inter-tumor heterogeneity. Similarity network fusion (SNF)-based integrative clustering combining gene expression, miRNA expression, and copy number variation, revealed three distinct patient clusters. Integrating multiple types of data resulted in more distinct clusters than analyses with a single datatype. Whereas most TNBCs are classified by PAM50 as basal subtype, one of the clusters was enriched in the non-basal PAM50 subtypes, exhibited more aggressive clinical features and had a distinctive signature of oncogenic mutations, miRNAs and expressed genes. Our analyses provide a new classification scheme for TNBC based on multiple omics datasets and provide insight into molecular features that underlie TNBC heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec M Chiu
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Mithun Mitra
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Lari Boymoushakian
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Hilary A Coller
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, USA. .,Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA. .,Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
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102
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Sporikova Z, Koudelakova V, Trojanec R, Hajduch M. Genetic Markers in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2018; 18:e841-e850. [PMID: 30146351 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 15% to 20% of breast cancer cases and is characterized by the absence of estrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal growth factor 2 receptors. Though TNBC is a highly heterogenic and aggressive disease, TNBC patients have better response to neoadjuvant therapy compared to other breast cancer subtypes. Nevertheless, patients with residual disease have a very poor prognosis, with higher probability of relapse and lower overall survival in the first years after diagnosis. TNBC has 6 subtypes with distinct molecular signatures with different prognoses and probably different responses to therapy. The precise stratification of TNBC is therefore crucial for the development of potent standardized and targeted therapies. In spite of intensive research into finding new molecular biomarkers and designing personalized therapeutic approaches, BRCA mutational status is the only clinically validated biomarker for personalized therapy in TNBC. Recent studies have reported several promising biomarkers that are currently being validated through clinical trials. The objective of this review was to summarize the clinically relevant genetic markers for TNBC that could serve as diagnostic, prognostic, or predictive or could improve personalized therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Sporikova
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimira Koudelakova
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Radek Trojanec
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Hajduch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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103
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Diamond JR, Eckhardt SG, Pitts TM, van Bokhoven A, Aisner D, Gustafson DL, Capasso A, Sams S, Kabos P, Zolman K, Colvin T, Elias AD, Storniolo AM, Schneider BP, Gao D, Tentler JJ, Borges VF, Miller KD. A phase II clinical trial of the Aurora and angiogenic kinase inhibitor ENMD-2076 for previously treated, advanced, or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2018; 20:82. [PMID: 30071865 PMCID: PMC6090978 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-018-1014-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains an aggressive breast cancer subtype with limited treatment options. ENMD-2076 is a small-molecule inhibitor of Aurora and angiogenic kinases with proapoptotic and antiproliferative activity in preclinical models of TNBC. METHODS This dual-institution, single-arm, two-stage, phase II clinical trial enrolled patients with locally advanced or metastatic TNBC previously treated with one to three prior lines of chemotherapy in the advanced setting. Patients were treated with ENMD-2076 250 mg orally once daily with continuous dosing in 4-week cycles until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurred. The primary endpoint was 6-month clinical benefit rate (CBR), and secondary endpoints included progression-free survival, pharmacokinetic profile, safety, and biologic correlates in archival and fresh serial tumor biopsies in a subset of patients. RESULTS Forty-one patients were enrolled. The 6-month CBR was 16.7% (95% CI, 6-32.8%) and included two partial responses. The 4-month CBR was 27.8% (95% CI, 14-45.2%), and the average duration of benefit was 6.5 cycles. Common adverse events included hypertension, fatigue, diarrhea, and nausea. Treatment with ENMD-2076 resulted in a decrease in cellular proliferation and microvessel density and an increase in p53 and p73 expression, consistent with preclinical observations. CONCLUSIONS Single-agent ENMD-2076 treatment resulted in partial response or clinical benefit lasting more than 6 months in 16.7% of patients with pretreated, advanced, or metastatic TNBC. These results support the development of predictive biomarkers using archival and fresh tumor tissue, as well as consideration of mechanism-based combination strategies. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01639248 . Registered on July 12, 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R. Diamond
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Cancer Center, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Mailstop 8117, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - S. G. Eckhardt
- Department of Oncology, University of Texas at Austin, Dell Medical School, Austin, TX USA
| | - Todd M. Pitts
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO USA
| | | | - Dara Aisner
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO USA
| | | | - Anna Capasso
- Department of Oncology, University of Texas at Austin, Dell Medical School, Austin, TX USA
| | - Sharon Sams
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Peter Kabos
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO USA
| | | | | | | | - Anna M. Storniolo
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Bryan P. Schneider
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Dexiang Gao
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO USA
| | | | | | - Kathy D. Miller
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN USA
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104
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Piasecka D, Braun M, Kordek R, Sadej R, Romanska H. MicroRNAs in regulation of triple-negative breast cancer progression. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 144:1401-1411. [PMID: 29923083 PMCID: PMC6061037 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2689-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dysregulation of miRNA profile has been associated with a broad spectrum of cellular processes underlying progression of various human malignancies. Increasing evidence suggests that specific microRNA clusters might be of clinical utility, especially in triple-negative breast carcinoma (TNBC), devoid of both predictive markers and potential therapeutic targets. Here we provide a comprehensive review of the existing data on microRNAs in TNBC, their molecular targets, a putative role in invasive progression with a particular emphasis on the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and acquisition of stem-cell properties (CSC), regarded both as prerequisites for metastasis, and significance for therapy. METHODS PubMed and Medline databases were systematically searched for the relevant literature. 121 articles have been selected and thoroughly analysed. RESULTS Several miRNAs associated with EMT/CSC and invasion were identified as significantly (1) upregulated: miR-10b, miR-21, miR-29, miR-9, miR-221/222, miR-373 or (2) downregulated: miR-145, miR-199a-5p, miR-200 family, miR-203, miR-205 in TNBC. Dysregulation of miR-10b, miR-21, miR-29, miR-145, miR-200 family, miR-203, miR-221/222 was reported of prognostic value in TNBC patients. CONCLUSION Available data suggest that specific microRNA clusters might play an important role in biology of TNBC, understanding of which should assist disease prognostication and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcin Braun
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Postgraduate School for Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Radzislaw Kordek
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafal Sadej
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Hanna Romanska
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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105
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Rida P, Ogden A, Ellis IO, Varga Z, Wolff AC, Traina TA, Hatzis C, Palmer JR, Ambrosone CB, Lehmann BD, Nanda R, Montgomery Rice V, Brawley OW, Torres MA, Rakha E, Aneja R. First international TNBC conference meeting report. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 169:407-412. [PMID: 29417299 PMCID: PMC5955852 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-4692-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recently, Georgia State University's Centennial Hall was the premier location for the 2017 International Conference on Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC): Illuminating Actionable Biology, which was held from Sept. 18 to 20, 2017, in Atlanta, USA. The conference featured a stellar line-up of domestic and international speakers and diverse participants including TNBC survivors, luminaries in breast cancer research, medical students and fellows, clinicians, translational researchers, epidemiologists, biostatisticians, bioinformaticians, and representatives from the industry. This report distills the burning questions that spiked the event and summarizes key themes, findings, unique opportunities and future directions that emerged from this confluence of thought leaders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmashree Rida
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Novazoi Theranostics, Rolling Hills Estates, CA, USA
| | - Angela Ogden
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ian O Ellis
- Department of Histopathology, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Zsuzsanna Varga
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Antonio C Wolff
- The Johns Hopkins Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tiffany A Traina
- Breast Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christos Hatzis
- Department of Medicine, Breast Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Julie R Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christine B Ambrosone
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Brian D Lehmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rita Nanda
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Mylin A Torres
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Glenn Family Breast Center, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Emad Rakha
- Department of Histopathology, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ritu Aneja
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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106
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Santonja A, Sánchez-Muñoz A, Lluch A, Chica-Parrado MR, Albanell J, Chacón JI, Antolín S, Jerez JM, de la Haba J, de Luque V, Fernández-De Sousa CE, Vicioso L, Plata Y, Ramírez-Tortosa CL, Álvarez M, Llácer C, Zarcos-Pedrinaci I, Carrasco E, Caballero R, Martín M, Alba E. Triple negative breast cancer subtypes and pathologic complete response rate to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Oncotarget 2018; 9:26406-26416. [PMID: 29899867 PMCID: PMC5995183 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease with distinct molecular subtypes that differentially respond to chemotherapy and targeted agents. The purpose of this study is to explore the clinical relevance of Lehmann TNBC subtypes by identifying any differences in response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy among them. We determined Lehmann subtypes by gene expression profiling in paraffined pre-treatment tumor biopsies from 125 TNBC patients treated with neoadjuvant anthracyclines and/or taxanes +/- carboplatin. We explored the clinicopathological characteristics of Lehmann subtypes and their association with the pathologic complete response (pCR) to different treatments. The global pCR rate was 37%, and it was unevenly distributed within Lehmann’s subtypes. Basal-like 1 (BL1) tumors exhibited the highest pCR to carboplatin containing regimens (80% vs 23%, p=0.027) and were the most proliferative (Ki-67>50% of 88.2% vs. 63.7%, p=0.02). Luminal-androgen receptor (LAR) patients achieved the lowest pCR to all treatments (14.3% vs 42.7%, p=0.045 when excluding mesenchymal stem-like (MSL) samples) and were the group with the lowest proliferation (Ki-67≤50% of 71% vs 27%, p=0.002). In our cohort, only tumors with LAR phenotype presented non-basal-like intrinsic subtypes (HER2-enriched and luminal A). TNBC patients present tumors with a high genetic diversity ranging from highly proliferative tumors, likely responsive to platinum-based therapies, to a subset of chemoresistant tumors with low proliferation and luminal characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Santonja
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain.,Laboratorio de Biología Molecular del Cáncer, Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias (CIMES), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Alfonso Sánchez-Muñoz
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentro de Oncología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología, CIBERONC-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Lluch
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología, CIBERONC-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Breast Cancer Research Group (GEICAM), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain.,INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Rosario Chica-Parrado
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain.,Laboratorio de Biología Molecular del Cáncer, Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias (CIMES), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Joan Albanell
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología, CIBERONC-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Breast Cancer Research Group (GEICAM), Madrid, Spain.,Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Medical Oncology Service, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Chacón
- Spanish Breast Cancer Research Group (GEICAM), Madrid, Spain.,Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Virgen de la Salud, Toledo, Spain
| | - Silvia Antolín
- Spanish Breast Cancer Research Group (GEICAM), Madrid, Spain.,Medical Oncology Service, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, La Coruña, Spain
| | - José Manuel Jerez
- Department of Languages and Computer Science, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan de la Haba
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología, CIBERONC-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Breast Cancer Research Group (GEICAM), Madrid, Spain.,Medical Oncology Service, Complejo Hospitalario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain.,The Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Vanessa de Luque
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain.,Laboratorio de Biología Molecular del Cáncer, Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias (CIMES), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Cristina Elisabeth Fernández-De Sousa
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain.,Laboratorio de Biología Molecular del Cáncer, Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias (CIMES), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Luis Vicioso
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Yéssica Plata
- Department of Oncology, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Martina Álvarez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain.,Laboratorio de Biología Molecular del Cáncer, Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias (CIMES), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Casilda Llácer
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentro de Oncología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Irene Zarcos-Pedrinaci
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Costa del Sol, Marbella, Málaga, Spain.,Health Services Research on Chronic Diseases Network - REDISSEC, Marbella, Málaga, Spain
| | - Eva Carrasco
- Spanish Breast Cancer Research Group (GEICAM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Martín
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología, CIBERONC-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Breast Cancer Research Group (GEICAM), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Alba
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular del Cáncer, Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias (CIMES), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentro de Oncología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología, CIBERONC-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Breast Cancer Research Group (GEICAM), Madrid, Spain
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107
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Recurrent hotspot mutations in HRAS Q61 and PI3K-AKT pathway genes as drivers of breast adenomyoepitheliomas. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1816. [PMID: 29739933 PMCID: PMC5940840 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04128-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenomyoepithelioma of the breast is a rare tumor characterized by epithelial−myoepithelial differentiation, whose genetic underpinning is largely unknown. Here we show through whole-exome and targeted massively parallel sequencing analysis that whilst estrogen receptor (ER)-positive adenomyoepitheliomas display PIK3CA or AKT1 activating mutations, ER-negative adenomyoepitheliomas harbor highly recurrent codon Q61 HRAS hotspot mutations, which co-occur with PIK3CA or PIK3R1 mutations. In two- and three-dimensional cell culture models, forced expression of HRASQ61R in non-malignant ER-negative breast epithelial cells with or without a PIK3CAH1047R somatic knock-in results in transformation and the acquisition of the cardinal features of adenomyoepitheliomas, including the expression of myoepithelial markers, a reduction in E-cadherin expression, and an increase in AKT signaling. Our results demonstrate that adenomyoepitheliomas are genetically heterogeneous, and qualify mutations in HRAS, a gene whose mutations are vanishingly rare in common-type breast cancers, as likely drivers of ER-negative adenomyoepitheliomas. Adenomyoepithelioma is a rare tumor of the breast with an unknown genetic basis. Here the authors perform a genomic analysis of adenomyoepitheliomas revealing that their repertoire of somatic mutations vary according to the estrogen receptor (ER) status, and that ER-negative tumors harbor recurrent mutations in HRAS and PI3K pathway genes.
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108
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Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, observed traditionally by morphology and protein expression but, more recently with the advent of modern molecular technologies, at the genomic and transcriptomic level. This review describes the association between the different molecular subtypes with the histologic subtypes of breast cancer alongside some of their major genomic characteristics and illustrates how these subtypes may affect the appearance of tumors on imaging studies. The authors aim to show how molecular stratification can be used to augment traditional methods to improve our understanding of breast cancers and their clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Provenzano
- Cambridge Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMR), NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Department of Histopathology, Addenbrookes Hospital, Box 235, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Gary A Ulaner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 77, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical School, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Suet-Feung Chin
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK.
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109
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de Kruijff IE, Timmermans AM, den Bakker MA, Trapman-Jansen AMAC, Foekens R, Meijer-Van Gelder ME, Oomen-de Hoop E, Smid M, Hollestelle A, van Deurzen CHM, Foekens JA, Martens JWM, Sleijfer S. The Prevalence of CD146 Expression in Breast Cancer Subtypes and Its Relation to Outcome. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10050134. [PMID: 29734758 PMCID: PMC5977107 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10050134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
CD146, involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), might affect cancer aggressiveness. We here investigated the prevalence of CD146 expression in breast cancer subtypes, its relation to prognosis, the relation between CD146 and EMT and the outcome to tamoxifen. Primary breast cancer tissues from 1342 patients were available for this retrospective study and immunohistochemically stained for CD146. For survival analyses, pure prognosis was studied by only including lymph-node negative patients who did not receive (neo)adjuvant systemic treatment (n = 551). 11% of the tumors showed CD146 expression. CD146 expression was most prevalent in triple-negative cases (64%, p < 0.001). In univariable analysis, CD146 expression was a prognostic factor for both metastasis-free survival (MFS) (p = 0.020) and overall survival (OS) (p = 0.037), but not in multivariable analysis (including age, tumor size, grade, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and Ki-67). No correlation between CD146 and EMT nor difference in outcome to first-line tamoxifen was seen. In this large series, our data showed that CD146 is present in primary breast cancer and is a pure prognostic factor for MFS and OS in breast cancer patients. We did not see an association between CD146 expression and EMT nor on outcome to tamoxifen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingeborg E de Kruijff
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Anna M Timmermans
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Michael A den Bakker
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Anita M A C Trapman-Jansen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Renée Foekens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Marion E Meijer-Van Gelder
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Esther Oomen-de Hoop
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Marcel Smid
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Antoinette Hollestelle
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Carolien H M van Deurzen
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - John A Foekens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - John W M Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Stefan Sleijfer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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110
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de Alcantara Filho PR, Mangone FR, Pavanelli AC, de Bessa Garcia SA, Nonogaki S, de Toledo Osório CAB, de Andrade VP, Nagai MA. Gene expression profiling of triple-negative breast tumors with different expression of secreted protein acidic and cysteine rich (SPARC). BREAST CANCER MANAGEMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.2217/bmt-2017-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To determine the expression signature of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with differences of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine expression and clinical behavior. Patients, materials & methods: cDNA microarray analysis was performed to determine the expression profiling of TNBC, characterized regarding secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine expression status. Immunohistochemistry analysis on tissue microarrays containing an independent cohort of TNBC was performed for validation. Results: Negative staining of SOHLH2 and positive staining of DNAJC12 and LIM1 was correlated with a poor outcome of the patients. Conclusion: Our findings provide new information on transcriptome changes associated with the clinical behavior of TNBC that may serve as a potential tool for the identification and characterization of new candidate biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo R de Alcantara Filho
- Discipline of Oncology, Department of Radiology & Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 01246–903, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Cancer Institute of the State of São Paulo (ICESP), 01246–000, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Breast Surgery, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, 01509-020, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavia R Mangone
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Cancer Institute of the State of São Paulo (ICESP), 01246–000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana C Pavanelli
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Cancer Institute of the State of São Paulo (ICESP), 01246–000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simone A de Bessa Garcia
- Discipline of Oncology, Department of Radiology & Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 01246–903, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Cancer Institute of the State of São Paulo (ICESP), 01246–000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suely Nonogaki
- Department of Pathology, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, 01509-020, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Victor P de Andrade
- Department of Pathology, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, 01509-020, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria A Nagai
- Discipline of Oncology, Department of Radiology & Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 01246–903, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Cancer Institute of the State of São Paulo (ICESP), 01246–000, São Paulo, Brazil
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111
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Maharjan S, Park BK, Lee SI, Lim Y, Lee K, Kwon HJ. Gomisin G Inhibits the Growth of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells by Suppressing AKT Phosphorylation and Decreasing Cyclin D1. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2018; 26:322-327. [PMID: 29587339 PMCID: PMC5933900 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2017.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A type of breast cancer with a defect in three molecular markers such as the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor is called triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Many patients with TNBC have a lower survival rate than patients with other types due to a poor prognosis. In this study, we confirmed the anti-cancer effect of a natural compound, Gomisin G, in TNBC cancer cells. Treatment with Gomisin G suppressed the viability of two TNBC cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 but not non-TNBC cell lines such as MCF-7, T47D, and ZR75-1. To investigate the molecular mechanism of this activity, we examined the signal transduction pathways after treatment with Gomisin G in MDA-MB-231 cells. Gomisin G did not induce apoptosis but drastically inhibited AKT phosphorylation and reduced the amount of retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (Rb) and phosphorylated Rb. Gomisin G induced in a proteasome-dependent manner a decrease in Cyclin D1. Consequently, Gomisin G causes cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase. In contrast, there was no significant change in T47D cells except for a mild decrease in AKT phosphorylation. These results show that Gomisin G has an anti-cancer activity by suppressing proliferation rather than inducing apoptosis in TNBC cells. Our study suggests that Gomisin G could be used as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sony Maharjan
- Center for Medical Science Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Kwon Park
- Center for Medical Science Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Su In Lee
- Center for Medical Science Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonho Lim
- Division of Bioscience and Biotechnology, BMIC, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunwook Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Natural Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Joo Kwon
- Center for Medical Science Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea.,Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
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112
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A novel patient-derived xenograft model for claudin-low triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 169:381-390. [PMID: 29392581 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-4685-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtypes are clinically aggressive and cannot be treated with targeted therapeutics commonly used in other breast cancer subtypes. The claudin-low (CL) molecular subtype of TNBC has high rates of metastases, chemoresistance and recurrence. There exists an urgent need to identify novel therapeutic targets in TNBC; however, existing models utilized in target discovery research are limited. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models have emerged as superior models for target discovery experiments because they recapitulate features of patient tumors that are limited by cell-line derived xenograft methods. METHODS We utilize immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR and Western Blot to visualize tumor architecture, cellular composition, genomic and protein expressions of a new CL-TNBC PDX model (TU-BcX-2O0). We utilize tissue decellularization techniques to examine extracellular matrix composition of TU-BcX-2O0. RESULTS Our laboratory successfully established a TNBC PDX tumor, TU-BCX-2O0, which represents a CL-TNBC subtype and maintains this phenotype throughout subsequent passaging. We dissected TU-BCx-2O0 to examine aspects of this complex tumor that can be targeted by developing therapeutics, including the whole and intact breast tumor, specific cell populations within the tumor, and the extracellular matrix. CONCLUSIONS Here, we characterize a claudin-low TNBC patient-derived xenograft model that can be utilized for therapeutic research studies.
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113
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Witkiewicz AK, Chung S, Brough R, Vail P, Franco J, Lord CJ, Knudsen ES. Targeting the Vulnerability of RB Tumor Suppressor Loss in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cell Rep 2018; 22:1185-1199. [PMID: 29386107 PMCID: PMC5967622 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 30% of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) exhibit functional loss of the RB tumor suppressor, suggesting a target for precision intervention. Here, we use drug screens to identify agents specifically antagonized by the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor (RB) using CDK4/6 inhibitors. A number of candidate RB-synthetic lethal small molecules were identified, including anti-helmenthics, chemotherapeutic agents, and small-molecule inhibitors targeting DNA-damage checkpoints (e.g., CHK) and chromosome segregation (e.g., PLK1). Counter-screens using isogenic TNBC tumor cell lines and cell panels with varying endogenous RB statuses confirmed that therapeutic effects were robust and selective for RB loss of function. By analyzing TNBC clinical specimens, RB-deficient tumors were found to express high levels of CHK1 and PLK1. Loss of RB specifically resulted in loss of checkpoint functions governing DNA replication, yielding increased drug sensitivity. Xenograft models demonstrated RB-selective efficacy of CHK inhibitors. This study supports the possibility of selectively targeting RB loss in the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka K Witkiewicz
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Sejin Chung
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Rachel Brough
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Paris Vail
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Jorge Franco
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Christopher J Lord
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Erik S Knudsen
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
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Massicano AVF, Marquez-Nostra BV, Lapi SE. Targeting HER2 in Nuclear Medicine for Imaging and Therapy. Mol Imaging 2018; 17:1536012117745386. [PMID: 29357745 PMCID: PMC5784567 DOI: 10.1177/1536012117745386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery, the human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) has been extensively studied. Presently, there are 2 standard diagnostic techniques to assess HER2 status in biopsies: immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization. While these techniques have played an important role in the treatment of patients with HER2-positive cancer, they both require invasive biopsies for analysis. Moreover, the expression of HER2 is heterogeneous in breast cancer and can change over the course of the disease. Thus, the degree of HER2 expression in the small sample size of biopsied tumors at the time of analysis may not represent the overall status of HER2 expression in the whole tumor and in between tumor foci in the metastatic setting as the disease progresses. Unlike biopsy, molecular imaging using probes against HER2 allows for a noninvasive, whole-body assessment of HER2 status in real time. This technique could potentially select patients who may benefit from HER2-directed therapy and offer alternative treatments to those who may not benefit. Several antibodies and small molecules against HER2 have been labeled with different radioisotopes for nuclear imaging and/or therapy. This review presents the most recent advances in HER2 targeting in nuclear medicine focusing on preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Suzanne E. Lapi
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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115
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Reis-Filho JS, Geyer FC, Weigelt B, Rakha EA, Ellis IO, Schnitt SJ. Reply to Rosen. Mod Pathol 2017; 30:1505-1506. [PMID: 28972579 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2017.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge S Reis-Filho
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Felipe C Geyer
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Britta Weigelt
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Department of Pathology, Nottingham University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ian O Ellis
- Department of Pathology, Nottingham University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Stuart J Schnitt
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Geyer FC, Pareja F, Weigelt B, Rakha E, Ellis IO, Schnitt SJ, Reis-Filho JS. The Spectrum of Triple-Negative Breast Disease: High- and Low-Grade Lesions. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:2139-2151. [PMID: 28736315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer is viewed clinically as an aggressive subgroup of breast cancer. In fact, most triple-negative breast cancers are poor-prognosis tumors with a complex genomic landscape. However, triple-negative disease is vastly heterogeneous, encompassing multiple entities with marked genetic, transcriptional, histologic, and clinical differences, with neoplasms in this group ranging from low to high grade. Among the less common low-grade triple-negative lesions, two large subgroups, both with a rather indolent behavior, can be distinguished: a low-grade triple-negative breast neoplasia family, which includes nonobligate precursors of triple-negative breast cancer, and, despite being low-grade, harbors the complex genomic landscape of usual triple-negative breast cancer, and the salivary gland-like tumors of the breast, lacking all the cardinal molecular features of conventional triple-negative breast cancer and underpinned by specific fusion genes or hotspot mutations, which may be of diagnostic and possibly therapeutic utility. Progression to high-grade triple-negative breast cancer likely occurs in both subgroups but at different rates. In this review, we describe the heterogeneity of triple-negative disease, focusing on the histologic and molecular features of the low-grade lesions. Recognition that triple-negative breast cancer is an operational term and that triple-negative disease is heterogeneous and includes low-grade forms driven by distinct sets of genetic alterations is germane to the successful implementation of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe C Geyer
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Fresia Pareja
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Britta Weigelt
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Emad Rakha
- Department of Pathology, Nottingham University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ian O Ellis
- Department of Pathology, Nottingham University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart J Schnitt
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Jorge S Reis-Filho
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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