101
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Hill TA, Shepherd NE, Diness F, Fairlie DP. Constraining cyclic peptides to mimic protein structure motifs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:13020-41. [PMID: 25287434 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201401058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many proteins exert their biological activities through small exposed surface regions called epitopes that are folded peptides of well-defined three-dimensional structures. Short synthetic peptide sequences corresponding to these bioactive protein surfaces do not form thermodynamically stable protein-like structures in water. However, short peptides can be induced to fold into protein-like bioactive conformations (strands, helices, turns) by cyclization, in conjunction with the use of other molecular constraints, that helps to fine-tune three-dimensional structure. Such constrained cyclic peptides can have protein-like biological activities and potencies, enabling their uses as biological probes and leads to therapeutics, diagnostics and vaccines. This Review highlights examples of cyclic peptides that mimic three-dimensional structures of strand, turn or helical segments of peptides and proteins, and identifies some additional restraints incorporated into natural product cyclic peptides and synthetic macrocyclic peptidomimetics that refine peptide structure and confer biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Hill
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072 (Australia)
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102
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Hill TA, Shepherd NE, Diness F, Fairlie DP. Fixierung cyclischer Peptide: Mimetika von Proteinstrukturmotiven. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201401058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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103
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Zhang Z, Lin Z, Zhou Z, Shen HC, Yan SF, Mayweg AV, Xu Z, Qin N, Wong JC, Zhang Z, Rong Y, Fry DC, Hu T. Structure-Based Design and Synthesis of Potent Cyclic Peptides Inhibiting the YAP-TEAD Protein-Protein Interaction. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:993-8. [PMID: 25221655 DOI: 10.1021/ml500160m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The YAP-TEAD protein-protein interaction (PPI) mediates the oncogenic function of YAP, and inhibitors of this PPI have potential usage in treatment of YAP-involved cancers. Here we report the design and synthesis of potent cyclic peptide inhibitors of the YAP-TEAD interaction. A truncation study of YAP interface 3 peptide identified YAP(84-100) as a weak peptide inhibitor (IC50 = 37 μM), and an alanine scan revealed a beneficial mutation, D94A. Subsequent replacement of a native cation-π interaction with an optimized disulfide bridge for conformational constraint and synergistic effect between macrocyclization and modification at positions 91 and 93 greatly boosted inhibitory activity. Peptide 17 was identified with an IC50 of 25 nM, and the binding affinity (K d = 15 nM) of this 17mer peptide to TEAD1 proved to be stronger than YAP(50-171) (K d = 40 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David C. Fry
- Roche Research
Center, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
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104
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Rivera DG, Vasco AV, Echemendía R, Concepción O, Pérez CS, Gavín JA, Wessjohann LA. A Multicomponent Conjugation Strategy to UniqueN-Steroidal Peptides: First Evidence of the Steroidal Nucleus as a β-Turn Inducer in Acyclic Peptides. Chemistry 2014; 20:13150-61. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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105
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Mollica A, Carotenuto A, Novellino E, Limatola A, Costante R, Pinnen F, Stefanucci A, Pieretti S, Borsodi A, Samavati R, Zador F, Benyhe S, Davis P, Porreca F, Hruby VJ. Novel cyclic biphalin analogue with improved antinociceptive properties. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:1032-6. [PMID: 25221662 DOI: 10.1021/ml500241n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel opioid analogues have been designed by substituting the native d-Ala residues in position 2,2' of biphalin with two residues of d-penicillamine or l-penicillamine and by forming a disulfide bond between the thiol groups. The so-obtained compound 9 containing d-penicillamines showed excellent μ/δ mixed receptor affinities (K i (δ) = 5.2 nM; K i (μ) = 1.9 nM), together with an efficacious capacity to trigger the second messenger and a very good in vivo antinociceptive activity, whereas product 10 was scarcely active. An explanation of the two different pharmacological behaviors of products 9 and 10 was found by studying their conformational properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Mollica
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Chieti-Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Alfonso Carotenuto
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Limatola
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Costante
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Chieti-Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Pinnen
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Chieti-Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Azzurra Stefanucci
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Sapienza, Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro,
5, 00187 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Pieretti
- Department
of Therapeutic Research and Medicine Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, V.le Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Borsodi
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Reza Samavati
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Zador
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sándor Benyhe
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
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106
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Cox HD, Smeal SJ, Hughes CM, Cox JE, Eichner D. Detection andin vitrometabolism of AOD9604. Drug Test Anal 2014; 7:31-8. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.1715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Holly D. Cox
- Sports Medicine Research and Testing Laboratory; Salt Lake City UT 84108 USA
| | - Stacy J. Smeal
- Sports Medicine Research and Testing Laboratory; Salt Lake City UT 84108 USA
| | - Cole M. Hughes
- Sports Medicine Research and Testing Laboratory; Salt Lake City UT 84108 USA
| | - James E. Cox
- Department of Biochemistry and the Metabolmics Core Research Facility; University of Utah School of Medicine; Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
| | - Daniel Eichner
- Sports Medicine Research and Testing Laboratory; Salt Lake City UT 84108 USA
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107
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Asante V, Mortier J, Wolber G, Koksch B. Impact of fluorination on proteolytic stability of peptides: a case study with α-chymotrypsin and pepsin. Amino Acids 2014; 46:2733-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1819-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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108
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109
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Otvos L, Wade JD. Current challenges in peptide-based drug discovery. Front Chem 2014; 2:62. [PMID: 25152873 PMCID: PMC4126357 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2014.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Otvos
- Department of Biology, Temple University Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John D Wade
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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110
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Wu L, Guang W, Chen X, Hong A. Homology modeling and molecular docking of human pituitary adenylate cyclase‑activating polypeptide I receptor. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:1691-6. [PMID: 25069645 PMCID: PMC4148375 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide I receptor (PAC1R) is member of the B class of G protein-coupled seven-transmembrane receptors, with molecular functions associated with neural cell differentiation, regeneration and the inhibition of apoptosis. However, the integrity of the protein structure is difficult to be determined in vitro. In the present study, the physicochemical properties of PAC1R were analyzed, the extracellular, transmembrane and intracellular regions were constructed and a three-dimensional structure model of PAC1R was produced using extracellular loop region optimization and the energy minimization homology modeling method. Preliminary studies on the PAC1R protein and ligand interactions used a molecular docking method. The results indicated that the interaction sites of PAC1R were at Ile63, Ser100 and Gln105. These were the sites where the PAC1R combined with a hydrazide small molecule inhibitor. This study provides a theoretical basis for further studies on the model for the development of PAC1R target drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusheng Wu
- Biomedicine Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Wenhua Guang
- Biomedicine Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojia Chen
- Biomedicine Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - An Hong
- Biomedicine Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
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111
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Lee YS, Muthu D, Hall SM, Ramos-Colon C, Rankin D, Hu J, Sandweiss AJ, De Felice M, Xie JY, Vanderah T, Porreca F, Lai J, Hruby VJ. Discovery of amphipathic dynorphin A analogues to inhibit the neuroexcitatory effects of dynorphin A through bradykinin receptors in the spinal cord. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:6608-16. [PMID: 24742335 PMCID: PMC4021566 DOI: 10.1021/ja501677q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that under chronic pain conditions, up-regulated dynorphin A (Dyn A) interacts with bradykinin receptors (BRs) in the spinal cord to promote hyperalgesia through an excitatory effect, which is opposite to the well-known inhibitory effect of opioid receptors. Considering the structural dissimilarity between Dyn A and endogenous BR ligands, bradykinin (BK) and kallidin (KD), this interaction could not be predicted, but it allowed us to discover a potential neuroexcitatory target. Well-known BR ligands, BK, [des-Arg(10), Leu(9)]-kallidin (DALKD), and HOE140 showed different binding profiles at rat brain BRs than that previously reported. These results suggest that neuronal BRs in the rat central nervous system (CNS) may be pharmacologically distinct from those previously defined in non-neuronal tissues. Systematic structure-activity relationship (SAR) study at the rat brain BRs was performed, and as a result, a new key structural feature of Dyn A for BR recognition was identified: amphipathicity. NMR studies of two lead ligands, Dyn A-(4-11) 7 and [des-Arg(7)]-Dyn A-(4-11) 14, which showed the same high binding affinity, confirmed that the Arg residue in position 7, which is known to be crucial for Dyn A's biological activity, is not necessary, and that a type I β-turn structure at the C-terminal part of both ligands plays an important role in retaining good binding affinities at the BRs. Our lead ligand 14 blocked Dyn A-(2-13) 10-induced hyperalgesic effects and motor impairment in in vivo assays using naïve rats. In a model of peripheral neuropathy, intrathecal (i.th.) administration of ligand 14 reversed thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical hypersensitivity in a dose-dependent manner in nerve-injured rats. Thus, ligand 14 may inhibit abnormal pain states by blocking the neuroexcitatory effects of enhanced levels of Dyn A, which are likely to be mediated by BRs in the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Sun Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of
Pharmacology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Dhanasekaran Muthu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of
Pharmacology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Sara M. Hall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of
Pharmacology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Cyf Ramos-Colon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of
Pharmacology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - David Rankin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of
Pharmacology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jackie Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of
Pharmacology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Alexander J. Sandweiss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of
Pharmacology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Milena De Felice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of
Pharmacology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jennifer Yanhua Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of
Pharmacology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Todd
W. Vanderah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of
Pharmacology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Frank Porreca
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of
Pharmacology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Josephine Lai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of
Pharmacology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Victor J. Hruby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of
Pharmacology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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112
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Northfield SE, Wang CK, Schroeder CI, Durek T, Kan MW, Swedberg JE, Craik DJ. Disulfide-rich macrocyclic peptides as templates in drug design. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 77:248-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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113
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Investigation of the novel lead of melanocortin 1 receptor for pigmentary disorders. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:254678. [PMID: 24693320 PMCID: PMC3947904 DOI: 10.1155/2014/254678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Knowing the role of MC1R in skin tanning can provide a brand new idea to resolve pigmentary disorders. α MSH has 13 amino acids and is the most essential pigmentary melanocortin responsible for melanin synthesis. One could utilize the compound library to find lead compounds by virtual screening from peptide database and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) database@Taiwan. Computational simulation provided a convenient technology to survey potential lead. Ligand-based validation set up the reliable model for molecular dynamics simulation. Molecular dynamics simulation approved the binding affinity and stability of the peptides selected by virtual screening. Thus, we concluded that Glu-Glu-Lys-Glu (EEKE), Glu-Gly-Gly-Ser-Val-Glu-Ser (EGGSVES), and Glu-Glu-Asp-Cys-Lys (EEDCK) were potent lead peptides for MC1R to resolve pigmentary disorders.
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114
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Giri AK, Hruby VJ. Investigational peptide and peptidomimetic μ and δ opioid receptor agonists in the relief of pain. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2014; 23:227-41. [PMID: 24329035 PMCID: PMC4282681 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2014.856879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current methods for treating prolonged and neuropathic pain are inadequate and lead to toxicities that greatly diminish quality of life. Therefore, new approaches to the treatment of pain states are needed to address these problems. AREAS COVERED The review primarily reviews approaches that have been taken in the peer-reviewed literature of multivalent ligands that interact with both μ and δ opioid receptors as agonists, and in some cases, also with pharmacophores for antagonist ligands that interact with other receptors as antagonists to block pain. EXPERT OPINION Although there are a number of drugs currently on the market for the treatment of pain; none of them are 100% successful. In the authors' opinion, it is clear that new directions and modalities are needed to better address the treatment of prolonged and neuropathic pain; one drug or class clearly is not the answer for all pain therapy. Undoubtedly, there are many different phenotypes of prolonged and neuropathic pain and this should be one avenue to further develop appropriate therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswini Kumar Giri
- University of Arizona, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , 1306 East University Boulevard, PO Box 210041, Tucson, AZ 85721 , USA
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115
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Kumarasinghe I, Woster PM. Synthesis and evaluation of novel cyclic Peptide inhibitors of lysine-specific demethylase 1. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:29-33. [PMID: 24883177 PMCID: PMC4027766 DOI: 10.1021/ml4002997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) selectively removes methyl groups from mono- and dimethylated histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4), resulting in gene silencing. LSD1 is overexpressed in many human cancers, resulting in aberrant silencing of tumor suppressor genes. Thus, LSD1 is a validated target for the discovery of antitumor agents. Using a ligand-based approach, we designed and synthesized a series of cyclic and linear peptides that are effective inhibitors of LSD1. Linear peptide 7 and cyclic peptide 9 inhibited LSD1 in vitro by 91 and 94%, respectively, at a concentration of 10 μM. Compound 9 was a potent LSD1 inhibitor (IC50 2.1 μM; K i 385 nM) and had moderate antitumor activity in the MCF-7 and Calu-6 cell lines in vitro. Importantly, 9 is significantly more stable to hydrolysis in rat plasma than the linear analogue 7. The cyclic peptides described herein represent important lead structures in the search for inhibitors of flavin-dependent histone demethylases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isuru
R. Kumarasinghe
- Department of Drug Discovery
and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University
of South Carolina, 70
President Street, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, United States
| | - Patrick M. Woster
- Department of Drug Discovery
and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University
of South Carolina, 70
President Street, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, United States
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116
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Feldman P, Khanna R. Challenging the catechism of therapeutics for chronic neuropathic pain: Targeting CaV2.2 interactions with CRMP2 peptides. Neurosci Lett 2013; 557 Pt A:27-36. [PMID: 23831344 PMCID: PMC3849117 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic neuropathic pain management is a worldwide concern. Pharmaceutical companies globally have historically targeted ion channels as the therapeutic catechism with many blockbuster successes. Remarkably, no new pain therapeutic has been approved by European or American regulatory agencies over the last decade. This article will provide an overview of an alternative approach to ion channel drug discovery: targeting regulators of ion channels, specifically focusing on voltage-gated calcium channels. We will highlight the discovery of an anti-nociceptive peptide derived from a novel calcium channel interacting partner - the collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2). In vivo administration of this peptide reduces pain behavior in a number of models of neuropathic pain without affecting sympathetic-associated cardiovascular activity, memory retrieval, sensorimotor function, or depression. A CRMP2-derived peptide analgesic, with restricted access to the CNS, represents a completely novel approach to the treatment of severe pain with an improved safety profile. As peptides now represent one of the fastest growing classes of new drugs, it is expected that peptide targeting of protein interactions within the calcium channel complex may be a paradigm shift in ion channel drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Feldman
- Sophia Therapeutics LLC, 351 West 10th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Sophia Therapeutics LLC, 351 West 10th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Program in Medical Neurosciences, Paul and Carole Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, 950 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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117
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Brancaccio D, Limatola A, Campiglia P, Gomez-Monterrey I, Novellino E, Grieco P, Carotenuto A. Urantide Conformation and Interaction with the Urotensin-II Receptor. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2013; 347:185-92. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201300269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Brancaccio
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Naples “Federico II”; Naples Italy
| | - Antonio Limatola
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Naples “Federico II”; Naples Italy
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Salerno; Fisciano Salerno Italy
| | | | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Naples “Federico II”; Naples Italy
| | - Paolo Grieco
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Naples “Federico II”; Naples Italy
| | - Alfonso Carotenuto
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Naples “Federico II”; Naples Italy
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118
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Zaretsky S, Scully CCG, Lough AJ, Yudin AK. Exocyclic control of turn induction in macrocyclic peptide scaffolds. Chemistry 2013; 19:17668-72. [PMID: 24259185 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serge Zaretsky
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Str., Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6 (Canada)
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119
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Popovic S, Bieräugel H, Detz RJ, Kluwer AM, Koole JAA, Streefkerk DE, Hiemstra H, van Maarseveen JH. Epimerization-Free C-Terminal Peptide Activation. Chemistry 2013; 19:16934-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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120
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Góngora-Benítez M, Tulla-Puche J, Albericio F. Multifaceted Roles of Disulfide Bonds. Peptides as Therapeutics. Chem Rev 2013; 114:901-26. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400031z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Góngora-Benítez
- Institute
for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, 08028 Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Barcelona Science
Park, Barcelona, 08028 Spain
| | - Judit Tulla-Puche
- Institute
for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, 08028 Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Barcelona Science
Park, Barcelona, 08028 Spain
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Institute
for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, 08028 Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Barcelona Science
Park, Barcelona, 08028 Spain
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028 Spain
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 4001 Durban, South Africa
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121
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Hamzeh-Mivehroud M, Alizadeh AA, Morris MB, Church WB, Dastmalchi S. Phage display as a technology delivering on the promise of peptide drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2013; 18:1144-57. [PMID: 24051398 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Phage display represents an important approach in the development pipeline for producing peptides and peptidomimetics therapeutics. Using randomly generated DNA sequences and molecular biology techniques, large diverse peptide libraries can be displayed on the phage surface. The phage library can be incubated with a target of interest and the phage which bind can be isolated and sequenced to reveal the displayed peptides' primary structure. In this review, we focus on the 'mechanics' of the phage display process, whilst highlighting many diverse and subtle ways it has been used to further the drug-development process, including the potential for the phage particle itself to be used as a drug carrier targeted to a particular pathogen or cell type in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hamzeh-Mivehroud
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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122
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Insertion of beta-alanine in model peptides for copper binding to His96 and His111 of the human prion protein. J Inorg Biochem 2013; 126:104-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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123
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Hruby VJ, Cai M. Design of peptide and peptidomimetic ligands with novel pharmacological activity profiles. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 53:557-80. [PMID: 23294313 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010510-100456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Peptide hormones and neurotransmitters are of central importance in most aspects of intercellular communication and are involved in virtually all degenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss physicochemical approaches to the design of novel peptide and peptidomimetic agonists, antagonists, inverse agonists, and related compounds that have unique biological activity profiles, reduced toxic side effects, and, if desired, the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Designing ligands for specific biological and medical needs is emphasized, as is the close collaboration of chemists and biologists to maximize the chances for success. Special emphasis is placed on the use of conformational (ϕ-ψ space) and topographical (χ space) considerations in design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor J Hruby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.
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124
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Al-Hilal TA, Alam F, Byun Y. Oral drug delivery systems using chemical conjugates or physical complexes. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:845-64. [PMID: 23220326 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 11/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oral delivery of therapeutics is extremely challenging. The digestive system is designed in a way that naturally allows the degradation of proteins or peptides into small molecules prior to absorption. For systemic absorption, the intact drug molecules must traverse the impending harsh gastrointestinal environment. Technologies, such as enteric coating, with oral dosage formulation strategies have successfully provided the protection of non-peptide based therapeutics against the harsh, acidic condition of the stomach. However, these technologies showed limited success on the protection of therapeutic proteins and peptides. Importantly, inherent permeability coefficient of the therapeutics is still a major problem that has remained unresolved for decades. Addressing this issue in the context, we summarize the strategies that are developed in enhancing the intestinal permeability of a drug molecule either by modifying the intestinal epithelium or by modifying the drug itself. These modifications have been pursued by using a group of molecules that can be conjugated to the drug molecule to alter the cell permeability of the drug or mixed with the drug molecule to alter the epithelial barrier function, in order to achieve the effective drug permeation. This article will address the current trends and future perspectives of the oral delivery strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taslim A Al-Hilal
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
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125
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Deng C, Hsueh AJW. Evolution of a potential hormone antagonist following gene splicing during primate evolution. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64610. [PMID: 23724068 PMCID: PMC3665846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing of genes generates novel mRNAs, leading to the evolution of new functional proteins. Cholecystokinin (CCK) induces the release of pancreatic enzymes and the contraction of the gallbladder to promote the digestion of fat and proteins. CCK activates two G-protein-coupled receptors, CCKA and CCKB. Here, we showed that a CCKsv (splicing variant), originated de novo during Catarrhini evolution by including a portion of intronic sequence of the CCK gene, encodes novel C-terminal peptide sequence followed by a new poly-adenylation signal. CCKsv is expressed in many human tissues and likely a secreted peptide retaining the original signal peptide and the N-terminal proteolytic processing signal, together with novel C-terminal sequences. Although CCKsv cannot activate CCK receptors, it partially inhibits the CRE- or SRF-driven reporter activities stimulated by wide type CCK-8 mediated by both CCK receptors. Co-treatment with CCKsv also partially antagonizes Ewing tumor cell growth stimulated by CCK-8. Our study provides an example of new peptide hormone antagonist evolution in primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Deng
- Program of Reproductive and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America.
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126
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New modalities in conformationally constrained peptides for potency, selectivity and cell permeation. Future Med Chem 2013; 5:831-49. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.13.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a resurgence of interest in peptide pharmaceuticals as they have an advantage of potency, selectivity and less toxicity compared with small-molecule therapeutics. The main draw back of peptides is lack of stability to biological media. Constraining a peptide has been one of the approaches to improving in vivo stability of the peptides. Several new modalities in constraining peptides have been developed over recent years and this review highlights some of the new developments. The newer cyclization strategies have rendered, in some cases, oral activity, cell permeability, improved potency at the target receptor, selectivity against receptor subtypes and improved stability to enzymes. As chemists further understand the rules governing cell permeability, oral absorption and enhancing stability of peptides, we can expect to see more peptides entering clinic for many unmet medical needs.
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127
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Mollica A, Pinnen F, Costante R, Locatelli M, Stefanucci A, Pieretti S, Davis P, Lai J, Rankin D, Porreca F, Hruby VJ. Biological active analogues of the opioid peptide biphalin: mixed α/β(3)-peptides. J Med Chem 2013; 56:3419-23. [PMID: 23547584 DOI: 10.1021/jm301456c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Natural residues of the dimeric opioid peptide Biphalin were replaced by the corresponding homo-β(3) amino acids. The derivative 1 containing hβ(3) Phe in place of Phe showed good μ- and δ-receptor affinities (Ki(δ) = 0.72 nM; Ki(μ) = 1.1 nM) and antinociceptive activity in vivo together with an increased enzymatic stability in human plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Mollica
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Chieti-Pescara "G. d'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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128
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New insight into the binding mode of peptides at urotensin-II receptor by Trp-constrained analogues of P5U and urantide. J Pept Sci 2013; 19:293-300. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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129
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Exploring bioactive peptides from natural sources for oxytocin and vasopressin drug discovery. Future Med Chem 2013; 4:1791-8. [PMID: 23043476 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.12.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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130
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131
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Cai M, Stankova M, Muthu D, Mayorov A, Yang Z, Trivedi D, Cabello C, Hruby VJ. An unusual conformation of γ-melanocyte-stimulating hormone analogues leads to a selective human melanocortin 1 receptor antagonist for targeting melanoma cells. Biochemistry 2013; 52:752-64. [PMID: 23276279 PMCID: PMC3641192 DOI: 10.1021/bi300723f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
γ-MSH (γ-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, H-Tyr-Val-Met-Gly-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Asp-Arg-Phe-Gly-OH), with its exquisite specificity and potency, has recently created much excitement as a drug lead. However, this peptide is like most peptides susceptible to proteolysis in vivo, which potentially decreases its beneficial activities. In our continued effort to design a proteolytically stable ligand with specific receptor binding, we have engineered peptides by cyclizing γ-MSH using a thioether bridge. A number of novel cyclic truncated γ-MSH analogues were designed and synthesized, in which a thioether bridge was incorporated between a cysteine side chain and an N-terminal bromoacyl group. One of these peptides, cyclo-[(CH(2))(3)CO-Gly(1)-His(2)-D-Phe(3)-Arg(4)-D-Trp(5)-Cys(S-)(6)]-Asp(7)-Arg(8)-Phe(9)-Gly(10)-NH(2), demonstrated potent antagonist activity and receptor selectivity for the human melanocortin 1 receptor (hMC1R) (IC(50) = 17 nM). This novel peptide is the most selective antagonist for the hMC1R to date. Further pharmacological studies have shown that this peptide can specifically target melanoma cells. The nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of this peptide in a membrane-like environment revealed a new turn structure, specific to the hMC1R antagonist, at the C-terminus, where the side chain and backbone conformation of D-Trp(5) and Phe(9) of the peptide contribute to hMC1R selectivity. Cyclization strategies represent an approach for stabilizing bioactive peptides while keeping their full potencies and should boost applications of peptide-based drugs in human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minying Cai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1306 E. University Blvd., University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | | | - Dhanasekaran Muthu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1306 E. University Blvd., University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Alexander Mayorov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1306 E. University Blvd., University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Zhehui Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1306 E. University Blvd., University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Devendra Trivedi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1306 E. University Blvd., University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Christopher Cabello
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1306 E. University Blvd., University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Victor J. Hruby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1306 E. University Blvd., University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
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132
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Modi V, Lama D, Sankararamakrishnan R. Relationship between helix stability and binding affinities: molecular dynamics simulations of Bfl-1/A1-binding pro-apoptotic BH3 peptide helices in explicit solvent. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2013; 31:65-77. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2012.691363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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133
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Pehere AD, Sumby CJ, Abell AD. New cylindrical peptide assemblies defined by extended parallel β-sheets. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:425-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26637g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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134
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Abstract
Receptor-ligand interactions represent one of the most basic processes in biological systems. Receptor activation and deactivation induce or prevent a series of downstream signaling events that ultimately result in normal or abnormal cellular functions. Contemporary biology is in continuous search for the identification of novel receptors and their ligands. The adipose tissue participates in the regulation of energy homeostasis as an important endocrine organ that secretes a number of biologically active adipokines, including leptin and adiponectin. A recent discovery and design process for leptin and adiponectin receptor response modifier peptides can be generalized to a series of transmembrane receptor ligands. A family of 11-13 amino acid residue-long leptin receptor (ObR) agonists has been identified by analyzing the effect of peptides corresponding to the three presumed active sites of leptin on the growth of leptin-responsive cancer cells. In the case of adiponectin, overlapping peptides were walked across the entire globular domain of the protein to identify the active site and derive adiponectin receptor (AdipoR) agonist peptides. In both sets, native residues were replaced by nonnatural analogs to improve the pharmacological properties including stability, efficacy and targeting. Later the ObR analogs were converted into true ObR antagonists that show antagonist-agonist selectivity of 1,000 in cellular assays. The design process of ObR antagonists included shortening of the peptide length and incorporating additional nonnatural residues. Here I take a look into this receptor agonist and antagonist discovery process from a practical point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Otvos
- College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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135
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Nefzi A. Hantzsch based macrocyclization approach for the synthesis of thiazole containing cyclopeptides. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1081:1-11. [PMID: 24014430 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-652-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An innovative macrocyclization approach via high-yielding solid-phase intramolecular thioalkylation reaction is described. The reaction of S-nucleophiles with newly generated N-terminal 4-chloromethyl thiazoles leads to the desired cyclic products in high purities and good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Nefzi
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, FL, USA
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136
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Cancer treatment using peptides: current therapies and future prospects. JOURNAL OF AMINO ACIDS 2012; 2012:967347. [PMID: 23316341 PMCID: PMC3539351 DOI: 10.1155/2012/967347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This paper discusses the role of peptides in cancer therapy with special emphasis on peptide drugs which are already approved and those in clinical trials. The potential of peptides in cancer treatment is evident from a variety of different strategies that are available to address the progression of tumor growth and propagation of the disease. Use of peptides that can directly target cancer cells without affecting normal cells (targeted therapy) is evolving as an alternate strategy to conventional chemotherapy. Peptide can be utilized directly as a cytotoxic agent through various mechanisms or can act as a carrier of cytotoxic agents and radioisotopes by specifically targeting cancer cells. Peptide-based hormonal therapy has been extensively studied and utilized for the treatment of breast and prostate cancers. Tremendous amount of clinical data is currently available attesting to the efficiency of peptide-based cancer vaccines. Combination therapy is emerging as an important strategy to achieve synergistic effects in fighting cancer as a single method alone may not be efficient enough to yield positive results. Combining immunotherapy with conventional therapies such as radiation and chemotherapy or combining an anticancer peptide with a nonpeptidic cytotoxic drug is an example of this emerging field.
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137
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Zhang S, Liu S, Tao R, Wei D, Chen L, Shen W, Yu ZH, Wang L, Jones DR, Dong XC, Zhang ZY. A highly selective and potent PTP-MEG2 inhibitor with therapeutic potential for type 2 diabetes. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:18116-24. [PMID: 23075115 DOI: 10.1021/ja308212y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) constitute a large family of signaling enzymes that control the cellular levels of protein tyrosine phosphorylation. A detailed understanding of PTP functions in normal physiology and in pathogenic conditions has been hampered by the absence of PTP-specific, cell-permeable small-molecule agents. We present a stepwise focused library approach that transforms a weak and general non-hydrolyzable pTyr mimetic (F(2)Pmp, phosphonodifluoromethyl phenylalanine) into a highly potent and selective inhibitor of PTP-MEG2, an antagonist of hepatic insulin signaling. The crystal structures of the PTP-MEG2-inhibitor complexes provide direct evidence that potent and selective PTP inhibitors can be obtained by introducing molecular diversity into the F(2)Pmp scaffold to engage both the active site and unique nearby peripheral binding pockets. Importantly, the PTP-MEG2 inhibitor possesses highly efficacious cellular activity and is capable of augmenting insulin signaling and improving insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis in diet-induced obese mice. The results indicate that F(2)Pmp can be converted into highly potent and selective PTP inhibitory agents with excellent in vivo efficacy. Given the general nature of the approach, this strategy should be applicable to other members of the PTP superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
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138
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Binding of the phage display derived peptide CaIX-P1 on human colorectal carcinoma cells correlates with the expression of carbonic anhydrase IX. Int J Mol Sci 2012. [PMID: 23202936 PMCID: PMC3497310 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131013030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phage display represents an attractive screening strategy for the identification of novel, specific binding ligands that could be used for tumor targeting. Recently, a new peptide (CaIX-P1) with affinity for human carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) was identified and evaluated. The aim of the present study is to characterize the properties of CaIX-P1 for targeting human colorectal carcinoma and investigate the correlation of peptide binding with the expression of carbonic anhydrase IX. Human colorectal carcinoma HCT116 and HT29 cells were investigated for CAIX expression using Western Blot analysis. Binding and competition studies of 125I-radiolabeled CaIX-P1 were performed on HCT116 cells in vitro. FACS analysis and fluorescence microscopy studies were carried out after cell incubation with fluorescein-labeled CaIX-P1 and rhodamine-labeled anti-human CAIX-mAb. Our studies revealed an enhanced in vitro expression of carbonic anhydrase IX in HCT116 and HT29 cells with increasing cell density. Binding of 125I-labeled-CaIX-P1 on HCT116 cells increased with increasing cell density and correlated to the CAIX expression. FACS analysis demonstrated a correlation of cell labeling between FITC-CaIX-P1 and rhodamine-labeled anti-CAIX-mAb in both HCT116 and HT29 cells. The results of our study indicate that the phage display identified peptide CaIX-P1 might be an attractive candidate for the development of a ligand targeting CAIX in colorectal cancer.
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139
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Towards the improved discovery and design of functional peptides: common features of diverse classes permit generalized prediction of bioactivity. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45012. [PMID: 23056189 PMCID: PMC3466233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The conventional wisdom is that certain classes of bioactive peptides have specific structural features that endow their particular functions. Accordingly, predictions of bioactivity have focused on particular subgroups, such as antimicrobial peptides. We hypothesized that bioactive peptides may share more general features, and assessed this by contrasting the predictive power of existing antimicrobial predictors as well as a novel general predictor, PeptideRanker, across different classes of peptides.We observed that existing antimicrobial predictors had reasonable predictive power to identify peptides of certain other classes i.e. toxin and venom peptides. We trained two general predictors of peptide bioactivity, one focused on short peptides (4-20 amino acids) and one focused on long peptides (> 20 amino acids). These general predictors had performance that was typically as good as, or better than, that of specific predictors. We noted some striking differences in the features of short peptide and long peptide predictions, in particular, high scoring short peptides favour phenylalanine. This is consistent with the hypothesis that short and long peptides have different functional constraints, perhaps reflecting the difficulty for typical short peptides in supporting independent tertiary structure.We conclude that there are general shared features of bioactive peptides across different functional classes, indicating that computational prediction may accelerate the discovery of novel bioactive peptides and aid in the improved design of existing peptides, across many functional classes. An implementation of the predictive method, PeptideRanker, may be used to identify among a set of peptides those that may be more likely to be bioactive.
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140
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Abstract
Developing short peptides into useful probes and therapeutic leads remains a difficult challenge. Structural rigidification is a proven method for improving the properties of short peptides. In this work, we report a strategy for stabilizing peptide macrocycles by introducing side-chain-to-side-chain staples to produce peptide bicycles with higher affinity, selectivity, and resistance to degradation. We have applied this strategy to G1, an 11-residue peptide macrocycle that binds the Src homology 2 (SH2) domain of growth-factor-bound protein 2 (Grb2). Several homodetic peptide bicycles were synthesized entirely on-resin with high yields. Two rounds of iterative design produced peptide bicycle BC1, which is 60 times more potent than G1 and 200 times more selective. Moreover, BC1 is completely intact after 24 hours in buffered human serum, conditions under which G1 is completely degraded. Our peptide-bicycle approach holds promise for the development of selective inhibitors of SH2 domains and other phosophotyrosine (pTyr)-binding proteins, as well as inhibitors of many other protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin S. Quartararo
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford MA 02155 USA, Fax: (617) 627-3443
| | - Pianpian Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford MA 02155 USA, Fax: (617) 627-3443
| | - Joshua A. Kritzer
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford MA 02155 USA, Fax: (617) 627-3443
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141
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Bandholtz S, Wichard J, Kühne R, Grötzinger C. Molecular evolution of a peptide GPCR ligand driven by artificial neural networks. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36948. [PMID: 22606313 PMCID: PMC3351444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide ligands of G protein-coupled receptors constitute valuable natural lead structures for the development of highly selective drugs and high-affinity tools to probe ligand-receptor interaction. Currently, pharmacological and metabolic modification of natural peptides involves either an iterative trial-and-error process based on structure-activity relationships or screening of peptide libraries that contain many structural variants of the native molecule. Here, we present a novel neural network architecture for the improvement of metabolic stability without loss of bioactivity. In this approach the peptide sequence determines the topology of the neural network and each cell corresponds one-to-one to a single amino acid of the peptide chain. Using a training set, the learning algorithm calculated weights for each cell. The resulting network calculated the fitness function in a genetic algorithm to explore the virtual space of all possible peptides. The network training was based on gradient descent techniques which rely on the efficient calculation of the gradient by back-propagation. After three consecutive cycles of sequence design by the neural network, peptide synthesis and bioassay this new approach yielded a ligand with 70fold higher metabolic stability compared to the wild type peptide without loss of the subnanomolar activity in the biological assay. Combining specialized neural networks with an exploration of the combinatorial amino acid sequence space by genetic algorithms represents a novel rational strategy for peptide design and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Bandholtz
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology and Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Tumor Targeting Lab, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Wichard
- Leibnitz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (fmp), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ronald Kühne
- Leibnitz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (fmp), Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Grötzinger
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology and Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Tumor Targeting Lab, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
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142
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Bernard E, Buckley V, Moman E, Coleman L, Meade G, Kenny D, Devocelle M. Inhibition of platelet adhesion by peptidomimetics mimicking the interactive β-hairpin of glycoprotein Ibα. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:3323-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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143
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Pillay V, Hibbins AR, Choonara YE, du Toit LC, Kumar P, Ndesendo VMK. Orally Administered Therapeutic Peptide Delivery: Enhanced Absorption Through the Small Intestine Using Permeation Enhancers. Int J Pept Res Ther 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-012-9299-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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144
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Zhang XX, Eden HS, Chen X. Peptides in cancer nanomedicine: drug carriers, targeting ligands and protease substrates. J Control Release 2012; 159:2-13. [PMID: 22056916 PMCID: PMC3288222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Peptides are attracting increasing attention as therapeutic agents, as the technologies for peptide development and manufacture continue to mature. Concurrently, with booming research in nanotechnology for biomedical applications, peptides have been studied as an important class of components in nanomedicine, and they have been used either alone or in combination with nanomaterials of every reported composition. Peptides possess many advantages, such as smallness, ease of synthesis and modification, and good biocompatibility. Their functions in cancer nanomedicine, discussed in this review, include serving as drug carriers, as targeting ligands, and as protease-responsive substrates for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiang Zhang
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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145
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Juaristi E. Looking for Treasure in Stereochemistry-Land. A Path Marked by Curiosity, Obstinacy, and Serendipity. J Org Chem 2012; 77:4861-84. [DOI: 10.1021/jo300195m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eusebio Juaristi
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Apartado Postal 14-740, 07000 México, DF, Mexico.
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146
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Newman DJ, Cragg GM. Natural products as sources of new drugs over the 30 years from 1981 to 2010. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2012; 75:311-35. [PMID: 22316239 PMCID: PMC3721181 DOI: 10.1021/np200906s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3093] [Impact Index Per Article: 257.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This review is an updated and expanded version of the three prior reviews that were published in this journal in 1997, 2003, and 2007. In the case of all approved therapeutic agents, the time frame has been extended to cover the 30 years from January 1, 1981, to December 31, 2010, for all diseases worldwide, and from 1950 (earliest so far identified) to December 2010 for all approved antitumor drugs worldwide. We have continued to utilize our secondary subdivision of a "natural product mimic" or "NM" to join the original primary divisions and have added a new designation, "natural product botanical" or "NB", to cover those botanical "defined mixtures" that have now been recognized as drug entities by the FDA and similar organizations. From the data presented, the utility of natural products as sources of novel structures, but not necessarily the final drug entity, is still alive and well. Thus, in the area of cancer, over the time frame from around the 1940s to date, of the 175 small molecules, 131, or 74.8%, are other than "S" (synthetic), with 85, or 48.6%, actually being either natural products or directly derived therefrom. In other areas, the influence of natural product structures is quite marked, with, as expected from prior information, the anti-infective area being dependent on natural products and their structures. Although combinatorial chemistry techniques have succeeded as methods of optimizing structures and have been used very successfully in the optimization of many recently approved agents, we are able to identify only one de novo combinatorial compound approved as a drug in this 30-year time frame. We wish to draw the attention of readers to the rapidly evolving recognition that a significant number of natural product drugs/leads are actually produced by microbes and/or microbial interactions with the "host from whence it was isolated", and therefore we consider that this area of natural product research should be expanded significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Newman
- Natural Products Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, P.O. Box B, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States.
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Wilson RM, Stockdill JL, Wu X, Li X, Vadola PA, Park PK, Danishefsky SJ. A fascinating journey into history: exploration of the world of isonitriles en route to complex amides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:2834-48. [PMID: 22368033 PMCID: PMC3409437 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201106628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We describe herein our recent explorations in the field of isonitrile chemistry. An array of broadly useful coupling methodologies has been developed for the formation of peptidyl and glycopeptidyl amide bonds. We further describe the application of these methods to the syntheses of complex systems, including the cyclic peptide cyclosporine A, constrained peptide systems, and heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M. Wilson
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
| | - Jennifer L. Stockdill
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
| | - Xuechen Li
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
| | - Paul A. Vadola
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
| | - Peter K. Park
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
| | - Samuel J. Danishefsky
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, Havemeyer Hall, 3000 Broadway, New York, NY 10027
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148
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Wilson RM, Stockdill JL, Wu X, Li X, Vadola PA, Park PK, Wang P, Danishefsky SJ. Eine faszinierende Reise in die Geschichte: Isonitrile als Ausgangsverbindungen für komplexe Amide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201106628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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149
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Liu Z, Mehta SJ, Lee KS, Grossman B, Qu H, Gu X, Nichol GS, Hruby VJ. Thio-Claisen Rearrangement Used in Preparing Anti-β-Functionalized γ,δ-Unsaturated Amino Acids: Scope and Limitations. J Org Chem 2012; 77:1289-300. [DOI: 10.1021/jo201753q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Liu
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306
East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Sukeshi J. Mehta
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306
East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Kwang-Soo Lee
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306
East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Bryan Grossman
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306
East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Hongchang Qu
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306
East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Xuyuan Gu
- Small Molecule Pharmaceuticals, Nektar Therapeutics, 490 Discovery Drive, Huntsville,
Alabama 35758, United States
| | - Gary S. Nichol
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306
East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Victor J. Hruby
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306
East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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150
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Abstract
Peptide-based toxins have attracted much attention in recent years for their exciting potential applications in drug design and development. This interest has arisen because toxins are highly potent and selectively target a range of physiologically important receptors. However, peptides suffer from a number of disadvantages, including poor in vivo stability and poor bioavailability. A number of naturally occurring cyclic peptides have been discovered in plants, animals, and bacteria that have exceptional stability and potentially ameliorate these disadvantages. The lessons learned from studies of the structures, stabilities, and biological activities of these cyclic peptides can be applied to the reengineering of toxins that are not naturally cyclic but are amenable to cyclization. In this chapter, we describe solid-phase chemical synthetic methods for the reengineering of peptide toxins to improve their suitability as therapeutic, diagnostic, or imaging agents. The focus is on small disulfide-rich peptides from the venoms of cone snails and scorpions, but the technology is potentially widely applicable to a number of other peptide-based toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Clark
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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