101
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Jiang X, Zhao D, Ali A, Xu B, Liu W, Wen J, Zhang H, Shi Q, Zhang Y. MeiosisOnline: A Manually Curated Database for Tracking and Predicting Genes Associated With Meiosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:673073. [PMID: 34485275 PMCID: PMC8415030 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.673073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Meiosis, an essential step in gametogenesis, is the key event in sexually reproducing organisms. Thousands of genes have been reported to be involved in meiosis. Therefore, a specialist database is much needed for scientists to know about the function of these genes quickly and to search for genes with potential roles in meiosis. Here, we developed "MeiosisOnline," a publicly accessible, comprehensive database of known functional genes and potential candidates in meiosis (https://mcg.ustc.edu.cn/bsc/meiosis/index.html). A total of 2,052 meiotic genes were manually curated from literature resource and were classified into different categories. Annotation information was provided for both meiotic genes and predicted candidates, including basic information, function, protein-protein interaction (PPI), and expression data. On the other hand, 165 mouse genes were predicted as potential candidates in meiosis using the "Greed AUC Stepwise" algorithm. Thus, MeiosisOnline provides the most updated and detailed information of experimental verified and predicted genes in meiosis. Furthermore, the searching tools and friendly interface of MeiosisOnline will greatly help researchers in studying meiosis in an easy and efficient way.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Huan Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qinghua Shi
- First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanwei Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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102
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Peterson AL, Payseur BA. Sex-specific variation in the genome-wide recombination rate. Genetics 2021; 217:1-11. [PMID: 33683358 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyaa019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In most species that reproduce sexually, successful gametogenesis requires recombination during meiosis. The number and placement of crossovers (COs) vary among individuals, with females and males often presenting the most striking contrasts. Despite the recognition that the sexes recombine at different rates (heterochiasmy), existing data fail to answer the question of whether patterns of genetic variation in recombination rate are similar in the two sexes. To fill this gap, we measured the genome-wide recombination rate in both sexes from a panel of wild-derived inbred strains from multiple subspecies of house mice (Mus musculus) and from a few additional species of Mus. To directly compare recombination rates in females and males from the same genetic backgrounds, we applied established methods based on immunolocalization of recombination proteins to inbred strains. Our results reveal discordant patterns of genetic variation in the two sexes. Whereas male genome-wide recombination rates vary substantially among strains, female recombination rates measured in the same strains are more static. The direction of heterochiasmy varies within two subspecies, Mus musculus molossinus and Mus musculus musculus. The direction of sex differences in the length of the synaptonemal complex and CO positions is consistent across strains and does not track sex differences in genome-wide recombination rate. In males, contrasts between strains with high recombination rate and strains with low recombination rate suggest more recombination is associated with stronger CO interference and more double-strand breaks. The sex-specific patterns of genetic variation we report underscore the importance of incorporating sex differences into recombination research.
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Affiliation(s)
- April L Peterson
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Bret A Payseur
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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103
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The male germline-specific protein MAPS is indispensable for pachynema progression and fertility. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2025421118. [PMID: 33602822 PMCID: PMC7923350 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2025421118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Meiosis is a specialized cell division that creates haploid germ cells from diploid progenitors. Through differential RNA expression analyses, we previously identified a number of mouse genes that were dramatically elevated in spermatocytes, relative to their very low expression in spermatogonia and somatic organs. Here, we investigated in detail 1700102P08Rik, one of these genes, and independently conclude that it encodes a male germline-specific protein, in agreement with a recent report. We demonstrated that it is essential for pachynema progression in spermatocytes and named it male pachynema-specific (MAPS) protein. Mice lacking Maps (Maps -/- ) suffered from pachytene arrest and spermatocyte death, leading to male infertility, whereas female fertility was not affected. Interestingly, pubertal Maps -/- spermatocytes were arrested at early pachytene stage, accompanied by defects in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair, crossover formation, and XY body formation. In contrast, adult Maps -/- spermatocytes only exhibited partially defective crossover but nonetheless were delayed or failed in progression from early to mid- and late pachytene stage, resulting in cell death. Furthermore, we report a significant transcriptional dysregulation in autosomes and XY chromosomes in both pubertal and adult Maps -/- pachytene spermatocytes, including failed meiotic sex chromosome inactivation (MSCI). Further experiments revealed that MAPS overexpression in vitro dramatically decreased the ubiquitination levels of cellular proteins. Conversely, in Maps -/- pachytene cells, protein ubiquitination was dramatically increased, likely contributing to the large-scale disruption in gene expression in pachytene cells. Thus, MAPS is a protein essential for pachynema progression in male mice, possibly in mammals in general.
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104
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Du M, Yuan L, Zhang Z, Zhang C, Zhu M, Zhang Z, Li R, Zhao X, Liang H, Li Y, Jiang H, Qiao J, Yin Y. PPP2R1B is modulated by ubiquitination and is essential for spermatogenesis. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21564. [PMID: 33913576 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002810r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The serine-threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a heterotrimeric enzyme complex that regulates many fundamental cellular processes. PP2A is involved in tumorigenesis because mutations in the scaffold subunit, PPP2R1B, were found in several types of cancers. However, the biological function of PPP2R1B remains largely unknown. We report here that homozygous deletion of Ppp2r1b in Mus musculus impairs meiotic recombination and causes meiotic arrest in spermatocytes. Consistently, male mice lacking Ppp2r1b are characterized with infertility. Furthermore, heterozygous missense mutations in the Homo sapiens PPP2R1B gene, which encodes PPP2R1B, are identified in azoospermia patients with meiotic arrest. We found that PPP2R1B mutants are susceptible to degradation by an E3 ligase CRL4ADCAF6 , and resistant to de-polyubiquitylation by ubiquitin-specific protease 5 (USP5). In addition, heterozygous mutations in PPP2R1B reduce stability of the wild-type PPP2R1B. Our results demonstrate an essential role of PPP2R1B in spermatogenesis and identify upstream regulators of PPP2R1B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mufeng Du
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Institute of Precision Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Minglu Zhu
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Depatment of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ridong Li
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Liang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhua Li
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Depatment of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Qiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Yin
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Institute of Precision Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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105
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Wang Y, Guo T, Ke H, Zhang Q, Li S, Luo W, Qin Y. Pathogenic variants of meiotic double strand break (DSB) formation genes PRDM9 and ANKRD31 in premature ovarian insufficiency. Genet Med 2021; 23:2309-2315. [PMID: 34257419 PMCID: PMC8629753 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-021-01266-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The etiology of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is heterogeneous, and genetic factors account for 20–25% of the patients. The primordial follicle pool is determined by the meiosis process, which is initiated by programmed DNA double strand breaks (DSB) and homologous recombination. The objective of the study is to explore the role of DSB formation genes in POI pathogenesis. Methods Variants in DSB formation genes were analyzed from a database of exome sequencing in 1,030 patients with POI. The pathogenic effects of the potentially causative variants were verified by further functional studies. Results Three pathogenic heterozygous variants in PRDM9 and two in ANKRD31 were identified in seven patients. Functional studies showed the variants in PRDM9 impaired its methyltransferase activity, and the ANKRD31 variations disturbed its interaction with another DSB formation factor REC114 by haploinsufficiency effect, indicating the pathogenic effects of the two genes on ovarian function were dosage dependent. Conclusion Our study identified pathogenic variants of PRDM9 and ANKRD31 in POI patients, shedding new light on the contribution of meiotic DSB formation genes in ovarian development, further expanding the genetic architecture of POI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ting Guo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hanni Ke
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shan Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yingying Qin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China. .,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China. .,Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China. .,Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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106
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Chadourne M, Poumerol E, Jouneau L, Passet B, Castille J, Sellem E, Pailhoux E, Mandon-Pépin B. Structural and Functional Characterization of a Testicular Long Non-coding RNA (4930463O16Rik) Identified in the Meiotic Arrest of the Mouse Topaz1 -/- Testes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:700290. [PMID: 34277642 PMCID: PMC8281061 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.700290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis involves coordinated processes, including meiosis, to produce functional gametes. We previously reported Topaz1 as a germ cell-specific gene highly conserved in vertebrates. Topaz1 knockout males are sterile with testes that lack haploid germ cells because of meiotic arrest after prophase I. To better characterize Topaz1–/– testes, we used RNA-sequencing analyses at two different developmental stages (P16 and P18). The absence of TOPAZ1 disturbed the expression of genes involved in microtubule and/or cilium mobility, biological processes required for spermatogenesis. Moreover, a quarter of P18 dysregulated genes are long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and three of them are testis-specific and located in spermatocytes, their expression starting between P11 and P15. The suppression of one of them, 4939463O16Rik, did not alter fertility although sperm parameters were disturbed and sperm concentration fell. The transcriptome of P18-4939463O16Rik–/– testes was altered and the molecular pathways affected included microtubule-based processes, the regulation of cilium movement and spermatogenesis. The absence of TOPAZ1 protein or 4930463O16Rik produced the same enrichment clusters in mutant testes despite a contrasted phenotype on male fertility. In conclusion, although Topaz1 is essential for the meiosis in male germ cells and regulate the expression of numerous lncRNAs, these studies have identified a Topaz1 regulated lncRNA (4930463O16Rik) that is key for both sperm production and motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Chadourne
- UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Elodie Poumerol
- UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Luc Jouneau
- UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Bruno Passet
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Johan Castille
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Eric Pailhoux
- UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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107
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Doyle JJ. Defining coalescent genes: Theory meets practice in organelle phylogenomics. Syst Biol 2021; 71:476-489. [PMID: 34191012 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syab053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The species tree paradigm that dominates current molecular systematic practice infers species trees from collections of sequences under assumptions of the multispecies coalescent (MSC), i.e., that there is free recombination between the sequences and no (or very low) recombination within them. These coalescent genes (c-genes) are thus defined in an historical rather than molecular sense, and can in theory be as large as an entire genome or as small as a single nucleotide. A debate about how to define c-genes centers on the contention that nuclear gene sequences used in many coalescent analyses undergo too much recombination, such that their introns comprise multiple c-genes, violating a key assumption of the MSC. Recently a similar argument has been made for the genes of plastid (e.g., chloroplast) and mitochondrial genomes, which for the last 30 or more years have been considered to represent a single c-gene for the purposes of phylogeny reconstruction because they are non-recombining in a historical sense. Consequently, it has been suggested that these genomes should be analyzed using coalescent methods that treat their genes-over 70 protein-coding genes in the case of most plastid genomes (plastomes)-as independent estimates of species phylogeny, in contrast to the usual practice of concatenation, which is appropriate for generating gene trees. However, although recombination certainly occurs in the plastome, as has been recognized since the 1970's, it is unlikely to be phylogenetically relevant. This is because such historically effective recombination can only occur when plastomes with incongruent histories are brought together in the same plastid. However, plastids sort rapidly into different cell lineages and rarely fuse. Thus, because of plastid biology, the plastome is a more canonical c-gene than is the average multi-intron mammalian nuclear gene. The plastome should thus continue to be treated as a single estimate of the underlying species phylogeny, as should the mitochondrial genome. The implications of this long-held insight of molecular systematics for studies in the phylogenomic era are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff J Doyle
- Plant Biology Section, Plant Breeding & Genetics Section, and L. H. Bailey Hortorium, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
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108
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Liu G, Song S, Zhang Q, Dong B, Sun Y, Liu G, Zhao X. Epigenetic Marks and Variation of Sequence-Based Information Along Genomic Regions Are Predictive of Recombination Hot/Cold Spots in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Front Genet 2021; 12:705038. [PMID: 34267784 PMCID: PMC8276760 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.705038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterization and identification of recombination hotspots provide important insights into the mechanism of recombination and genome evolution. In contrast with existing sequence-based models for predicting recombination hotspots which were defined in a ORF-based manner, here, we first defined recombination hot/cold spots based on public high-resolution Spo11-oligo-seq data, then characterized them in terms of DNA sequence and epigenetic marks, and finally presented classifiers to identify hotspots. We found that, in addition to some previously discovered DNA-based features like GC-skew, recombination hotspots in yeast can also be characterized by some remarkable features associated with DNA physical properties and shape. More importantly, by using DNA-based features and several epigenetic marks, we built several classifiers to discriminate hotspots from coldspots, and found that SVM classifier performs the best with an accuracy of ∼92%, which is also the highest among the models in comparison. Feature importance analysis combined with prediction results show that epigenetic marks and variation of sequence-based features along the hotspots contribute dominantly to hotspot identification. By using incremental feature selection method, an optimal feature subset that consists of much less features was obtained without sacrificing prediction accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Shuangjian Song
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Qiguo Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Biyu Dong
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Yu Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Guojun Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhao
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
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109
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Bergero R, Ellis P, Haerty W, Larcombe L, Macaulay I, Mehta T, Mogensen M, Murray D, Nash W, Neale MJ, O'Connor R, Ottolini C, Peel N, Ramsey L, Skinner B, Suh A, Summers M, Sun Y, Tidy A, Rahbari R, Rathje C, Immler S. Meiosis and beyond - understanding the mechanistic and evolutionary processes shaping the germline genome. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:822-841. [PMID: 33615674 PMCID: PMC8246768 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The separation of germ cell populations from the soma is part of the evolutionary transition to multicellularity. Only genetic information present in the germ cells will be inherited by future generations, and any molecular processes affecting the germline genome are therefore likely to be passed on. Despite its prevalence across taxonomic kingdoms, we are only starting to understand details of the underlying micro-evolutionary processes occurring at the germline genome level. These include segregation, recombination, mutation and selection and can occur at any stage during germline differentiation and mitotic germline proliferation to meiosis and post-meiotic gamete maturation. Selection acting on germ cells at any stage from the diploid germ cell to the haploid gametes may cause significant deviations from Mendelian inheritance and may be more widespread than previously assumed. The mechanisms that affect and potentially alter the genomic sequence and allele frequencies in the germline are pivotal to our understanding of heritability. With the rise of new sequencing technologies, we are now able to address some of these unanswered questions. In this review, we comment on the most recent developments in this field and identify current gaps in our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Bergero
- Institute of Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghEH9 3JTU.K.
| | - Peter Ellis
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of KentCanterburyCT2 7NJU.K.
| | | | - Lee Larcombe
- Applied Exomics LtdStevenage Bioscience CatalystStevenageSG1 2FXU.K.
| | - Iain Macaulay
- Earlham InstituteNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7UZU.K.
| | - Tarang Mehta
- Earlham InstituteNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7UZU.K.
| | - Mette Mogensen
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJU.K.
| | - David Murray
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJU.K.
| | - Will Nash
- Earlham InstituteNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7UZU.K.
| | - Matthew J. Neale
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexBrightonBN1 9RHU.K.
| | | | | | - Ned Peel
- Earlham InstituteNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7UZU.K.
| | - Luke Ramsey
- The James Hutton InstituteInvergowrieDundeeDD2 5DAU.K.
| | - Ben Skinner
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of EssexColchesterCO4 3SQU.K.
| | - Alexander Suh
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJU.K.
- Department of Organismal BiologyUppsala UniversityNorbyvägen 18DUppsala752 36Sweden
| | - Michael Summers
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of KentCanterburyCT2 7NJU.K.
- The Bridge Centre1 St Thomas Street, London BridgeLondonSE1 9RYU.K.
| | - Yu Sun
- Norwich Medical SchoolUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research Park, Colney LnNorwichNR4 7UGU.K.
| | - Alison Tidy
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of Nottingham, Plant Science, Sutton Bonington CampusSutton BoningtonLE12 5RDU.K.
| | | | - Claudia Rathje
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of KentCanterburyCT2 7NJU.K.
| | - Simone Immler
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJU.K.
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110
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Li Y, Wu Y, Zhou J, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Ma H, Jiang X, Shi Q. A recurrent ZSWIM7 mutation causes male infertility resulting from decreased meiotic recombination. Hum Reprod 2021; 36:1436-1445. [PMID: 33713115 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Are mutations in the zinc finger SWIM domain-containing protein 7 gene (ZSWIM7) associated with human male infertility? SUMMARY ANSWER The homozygous frameshift mutation (c.231_232del) in ZSWIM7 causes decreased meiotic recombination, spermatogenesis arrest, and infertility in men. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY ZSWIM7 is a SWIM domain-containing Shu2/SWS1 protein family member and a subunit of the Shu complex. Zswim7 knockout mice were infertile due to impaired meiotic recombination. However, so far there is no direct evidence that mutations of ZSWIM7 cause human infertility. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Screening for mutations of ZSWIM7 was performed using in-house whole-exome sequencing data from 60 men with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA). Mice with a corresponding Zswim7 mutation were generated for functional verification. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Sixty Chinese patients, who were from different regions of China, were enrolled. All the patients were diagnosed with NOA owing to spermatocyte maturation arrest based on histopathological analyses and/or immunostaining of spermatocyte chromosome spreads. ZSWIM7 mutations were screened from the whole-exome sequencing data of these patients, followed by functional verification in mice. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE A homozygous frameshift mutation (c.231_232del) in ZSWIM7 was found in two out of the 60 unrelated NOA patients. Both patients displayed small testicular size and spermatocyte maturation arrest in testis histology. Spermatocyte chromosome spreads of one patient revealed meiotic maturation arrest in a pachytene-like stage, with incomplete synapsis and decreased meiotic recombination. Male mice carrying a homozygous mutation similar to that of our patients were generated and also displayed reduced recombination, meiotic arrest and azoospermia, paralleling the spermatogenesis defects in our patients. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION As Zswim7 is also essential for meiosis in female mice, future studies should evaluate the ZSWIM7 mutations more in depth and in larger cohorts of infertile patients, including males and females, to validate the findings. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS These findings provide direct clinical and functional evidence that the recurrent ZSWIM7 mutation (c.231_232del) causes decreased meiotic recombination and leads to male infertility, illustrating the genotype-phenotype correlations of meiotic recombination defects in humans. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31890780, 31630050, 32061143006, 82071709, and 31871514), the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB19000000), and the National Key Research and Developmental Program of China (2018YFC1003900 and 2019YFA0802600). TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yufan Wu
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jianteng Zhou
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanwei Zhang
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qinghua Shi
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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111
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Fang Q, Chen XL, Zhang L, Li YB, Sun TZ, Yang CX, Chang JF, Yang XM, Sun F. The essential roles of Mps1 in spermatogenesis and fertility in mice. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:531. [PMID: 34031364 PMCID: PMC8144579 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03815-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Monopolar spindle 1 (MPS1), which plays a critical role in somatic mitosis, has also been revealed to be essential for meiosis I in oocytes. Spermatogenesis is an important process involving successive mitosis and meiosis, but the function of MPS1 in spermatogenesis remains unclear. Here, we generated Mps1 conditional knockout mice and found that Ddx4-cre-driven loss of Mps1 in male mice resulted in depletion of undifferentiated spermatogonial cells and subsequently of differentiated spermatogonia and spermatocytes. In addition, Stra8-cre-driven ablation of Mps1 in male mice led to germ cell loss and fertility reduction. Spermatocytes lacking Mps1 have blocked at the zygotene-to-pachytene transition in the prophase of meiosis I, which may be due to decreased H2B ubiquitination level mediated by MDM2. And the expression of many meiotic genes was decreased, while that of apoptotic genes was increased. Moreover, we also detected increased apoptosis in spermatocytes with Mps1 knockout, which may have been the reason why germ cells were lost. Taken together, our findings indicate that MPS1 is required for mitosis of gonocytes and spermatogonia, differentiation of undifferentiated spermatogonia, and progression of meiosis I in spermatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xue-Lin Chen
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ya-Bin Li
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Tian-Zeng Sun
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Chen-Xin Yang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jian-Feng Chang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Yang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Feng Sun
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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112
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Takemoto K, Tani N, Takada-Horisawa Y, Fujimura S, Tanno N, Yamane M, Okamura K, Sugimoto M, Araki K, Ishiguro KI. Meiosis-Specific C19orf57/4930432K21Rik/BRME1 Modulates Localization of RAD51 and DMC1 to DSBs in Mouse Meiotic Recombination. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107686. [PMID: 32460033 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiotic recombination is critical for genetic exchange and generation of chiasmata that ensures faithful chromosome segregation during meiosis I. Meiotic recombination is initiated by DNA double-strand break (DSB) followed by multiple processes of DNA repair. The exact mechanisms for how recombinases localize to DSB remain elusive. Here, we show that C19orf57/4930432K21Rik/BRME1 is a player for meiotic recombination in mice. C19orf57/4930432K21Rik/BRME1 associates with single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) binding proteins, BRCA2 and MEILB2/HSF2BP, which are critical recruiters of recombinases onto DSB sites. Disruption of C19orf57/4930432K21Rik/BRME1 shows severe impact on DSB repair and male fertility. Remarkably, removal of ssDNA binding proteins from DSB sites is delayed, and reciprocally, the loading of RAD51 and DMC1 onto resected ssDNA is impaired in Brme1 knockout (KO) spermatocytes. We propose that C19orf57/4930432K21Rik/BRME1 modulates localization of recombinases to meiotic DSB sites through the interaction with the BRCA2-MEILB2/HSF2BP complex during meiotic recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumasa Takemoto
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics (IMEG), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan; Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Naoki Tani
- Liaison Laboratory Research Promotion Center, IMEG, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Yuki Takada-Horisawa
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics (IMEG), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Sayoko Fujimura
- Liaison Laboratory Research Promotion Center, IMEG, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Tanno
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics (IMEG), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Mariko Yamane
- RIKEN, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kaho Okamura
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics (IMEG), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Michihiko Sugimoto
- Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Kimi Araki
- Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan; Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Kei-Ichiro Ishiguro
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics (IMEG), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan.
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113
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The impact of chromosomal fusions on 3D genome folding and recombination in the germ line. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2981. [PMID: 34016985 PMCID: PMC8137915 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23270-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The spatial folding of chromosomes inside the nucleus has regulatory effects on gene expression, yet the impact of genome reshuffling on this organization remains unclear. Here, we take advantage of chromosome conformation capture in combination with single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping and analysis of crossover events to study how the higher-order chromatin organization and recombination landscapes are affected by chromosomal fusions in the mammalian germ line. We demonstrate that chromosomal fusions alter the nuclear architecture during meiosis, including an increased rate of heterologous interactions in primary spermatocytes, and alterations in both chromosome synapsis and axis length. These disturbances in topology were associated with changes in genomic landscapes of recombination, resulting in detectable genomic footprints. Overall, we show that chromosomal fusions impact the dynamic genome topology of germ cells in two ways: (i) altering chromosomal nuclear occupancy and synapsis, and (ii) reshaping landscapes of recombination.
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114
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Wang X, Pepling ME. Regulation of Meiotic Prophase One in Mammalian Oocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:667306. [PMID: 34095134 PMCID: PMC8172968 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.667306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In female mammals, meiotic prophase one begins during fetal development. Oocytes transition through the prophase one substages consisting of leptotene, zygotene, and pachytene, and are finally arrested at the diplotene substage, for months in mice and years in humans. After puberty, luteinizing hormone induces ovulation and meiotic resumption in a cohort of oocytes, driving the progression from meiotic prophase one to metaphase two. If fertilization occurs, the oocyte completes meiosis two followed by fusion with the sperm nucleus and preparation for zygotic divisions; otherwise, it is passed into the uterus and degenerates. Specifically in the mouse, oocytes enter meiosis at 13.5 days post coitum. As meiotic prophase one proceeds, chromosomes find their homologous partner, synapse, exchange genetic material between homologs and then begin to separate, remaining connected at recombination sites. At postnatal day 5, most of the oocytes have reached the late diplotene (or dictyate) substage of prophase one where they remain arrested until ovulation. This review focuses on events and mechanisms controlling the progression through meiotic prophase one, which include recombination, synapsis and control by signaling pathways. These events are prerequisites for proper chromosome segregation in meiotic divisions; and if they go awry, chromosomes mis-segregate resulting in aneuploidy. Therefore, elucidating the mechanisms regulating meiotic progression is important to provide a foundation for developing improved treatments of female infertility.
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115
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Abstract
Meiosis is a highly conserved and essential process in gametogenesis in sexually reproducing organisms. However, there are substantial sex-specific differences within individual species with respect to meiosis-related chromatin reorganization, recombination, and tolerance for meiotic defects. A wide range of murine models have been developed over the past two decades to study the complex regulatory processes governing mammalian meiosis. The present review article thus provides a comprehensive overview of the knockout mice that have been employed to study meiosis, with a particular focus on gene- and gametogenesis-related sexual dimorphism observed in these model animals. In so doing, we aim to provide a firm foundation for the future study of sex-specific differences in meiosis at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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116
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Dai X, Jiang Y, Gu J, Jiang Z, Wu Y, Yu C, Yin H, Zhang J, Shi Q, Shen L, Sha Q, Fan H. The CNOT4 Subunit of the CCR4-NOT Complex is Involved in mRNA Degradation, Efficient DNA Damage Repair, and XY Chromosome Crossover during Male Germ Cell Meiosis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2003636. [PMID: 34026442 PMCID: PMC8132151 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The CCR4-NOT complex is a major mRNA deadenylase in eukaryotes, comprising the catalytic subunits CNOT6/6L and CNOT7/8, as well as CNOT4, a regulatory subunit with previously undetermined functions. These subunits have been hypothesized to play synergistic biochemical functions during development. Cnot7 knockout male mice have been reported to be infertile. In this study, viable Cnot6/6l double knockout mice are constructed, and the males are fertile. These results indicate that CNOT7 has CNOT6/6L-independent functions in vivo. It is also demonstrated that CNOT4 is required for post-implantation embryo development and meiosis progression during spermatogenesis. Conditional knockout of Cnot4 in male germ cells leads to defective DNA damage repair and homologous crossover between X and Y chromosomes. CNOT4 functions as a previously unrecognized mRNA adaptor of CCR4-NOT by targeting mRNAs to CNOT7 for deadenylation of poly(A) tails, thereby mediating the degradation of a subset of transcripts from the zygotene to pachytene stage. The mRNA removal promoted by the CNOT4-regulated CCR4-NOT complex during the zygotene-to-pachytene transition is crucial for the appropriate expression of genes involved in the subsequent events of spermatogenesis, normal DNA double-strand break repair during meiosis, efficient crossover between X and Y chromosomes, and ultimately, male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing‐Xing Dai
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Yu Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Jia‐Hui Gu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Zhi‐Yan Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Yun‐Wen Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Chao Yu
- College of Life ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Hao Yin
- First Affiliated Hospital of USTCHefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at MicroscaleSchool of Basic Medical SciencesDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027China
| | - Jue Zhang
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan ProvinceReproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC‐XIANGYAChangsha410008China
| | - Qing‐Hua Shi
- First Affiliated Hospital of USTCHefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at MicroscaleSchool of Basic Medical SciencesDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027China
| | - Li Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Qian‐Qian Sha
- Fertility Preservation LaboratoryReproductive Medicine CenterGuangdong Second Provincial General HospitalGuangzhou510317China
| | - Heng‐Yu Fan
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
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117
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Imai Y, Saito K, Takemoto K, Velilla F, Kawasaki T, Ishiguro KI, Sakai N. Sycp1 Is Not Required for Subtelomeric DNA Double-Strand Breaks but Is Required for Homologous Alignment in Zebrafish Spermatocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:664377. [PMID: 33842489 PMCID: PMC8033029 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.664377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In meiotic prophase I, homologous chromosomes are bound together by the synaptonemal complex, in which two axial elements are connected by transverse filaments and central element proteins. In human and zebrafish spermatocytes, homologous recombination and assembly of the synaptonemal complex initiate predominantly near telomeres. In mice, synapsis is not required for meiotic double-strand breaks (DSBs) and homolog alignment but is required for DSB repair; however, the interplay of these meiotic events in the context of peritelomeric bias remains unclear. In this study, we identified a premature stop mutation in the zebrafish gene encoding the transverse filament protein Sycp1. In sycp1 mutant zebrafish spermatocytes, axial elements were formed and paired at chromosome ends between homologs during early to mid-zygonema. However, they did not synapse, and their associations were mostly lost in late zygotene- or pachytene-like stages. In sycp1 mutant spermatocytes, γH2AX signals were observed, and Dmc1/Rad51 and RPA signals appeared predominantly near telomeres, resembling wild-type phenotypes. We observed persistent localization of Hormad1 along the axis in sycp1 mutant spermatocytes, while the majority of Iho1 signals appeared and disappeared with kinetics similar to those in wild-type spermatocytes. Notably, persistent Iho1 foci were observed in spo11 mutant spermatocytes, suggesting that Iho1 dissociation from axes occurs in a DSB-dependent manner. Our results demonstrated that Sycp1 is not required for peritelomeric DSB formation but is necessary for complete pairing of homologs in zebrafish meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Imai
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Kenji Saito
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Takemoto
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Fabien Velilla
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kawasaki
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan.,Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Mishima, Japan
| | - Kei-Ichiro Ishiguro
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Sakai
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan.,Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Mishima, Japan
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118
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Fujiwara Y, Matsunaga S, Sakamoto T. Next Generation Sequence-based Technologies for Analyzing DNA Strand Breaks. CYTOLOGIA 2021. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.86.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yui Fujiwara
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Sachihiro Matsunaga
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Toyo
| | - Takuya Sakamoto
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
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119
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Schield DR, Pasquesi GIM, Perry BW, Adams RH, Nikolakis ZL, Westfall AK, Orton RW, Meik JM, Mackessy SP, Castoe TA. Snake Recombination Landscapes Are Concentrated in Functional Regions despite PRDM9. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 37:1272-1294. [PMID: 31926008 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiotic recombination in vertebrates is concentrated in hotspots throughout the genome. The location and stability of hotspots have been linked to the presence or absence of PRDM9, leading to two primary models for hotspot evolution derived from mammals and birds. Species with PRDM9-directed recombination have rapid turnover of hotspots concentrated in intergenic regions (i.e., mammals), whereas hotspots in species lacking PRDM9 are concentrated in functional regions and have greater stability over time (i.e., birds). Snakes possess PRDM9, yet virtually nothing is known about snake recombination. Here, we examine the recombination landscape and test hypotheses about the roles of PRDM9 in rattlesnakes. We find substantial variation in recombination rate within and among snake chromosomes, and positive correlations between recombination rate and gene density, GC content, and genetic diversity. Like mammals, snakes appear to have a functional and active PRDM9, but rather than being directed away from genes, snake hotspots are concentrated in promoters and functional regions-a pattern previously associated only with species that lack a functional PRDM9. Snakes therefore provide a unique example of recombination landscapes in which PRDM9 is functional, yet recombination hotspots are associated with functional genic regions-a combination of features that defy existing paradigms for recombination landscapes in vertebrates. Our findings also provide evidence that high recombination rates are a shared feature of vertebrate microchromosomes. Our results challenge previous assumptions about the adaptive role of PRDM9 and highlight the diversity of recombination landscape features among vertebrate lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew R Schield
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX
| | | | - Blair W Perry
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX
| | - Richard H Adams
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX.,Department of Computer & Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL
| | | | | | - Richard W Orton
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX
| | - Jesse M Meik
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tarleton State University, Stephenville, TX
| | - Stephen P Mackessy
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO
| | - Todd A Castoe
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX
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120
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Akbari A, Padidar K, Salehi N, Mashayekhi M, Almadani N, Sadighi Gilani MA, Bashambou A, McElreavey K, Totonchi M. Rare missense variant in MSH4 associated with primary gonadal failure in both 46, XX and 46, XY individuals. Hum Reprod 2021; 36:1134-1145. [PMID: 33448284 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deaa362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Can whole-exome sequencing (WES) reveal a shared pathogenic variant responsible for primary gonadal failure in both male and female patients from a consanguineous family? SUMMARY ANSWER Patients with primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) and non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) were homozygous for the rare missense variant p. S754L located in the highly conserved MSH4 MutS signature motif of the ATPase domain. An oligozoospermic patient was heterozygous for the variant. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY MSH4 is a meiosis-specific protein expressed at a certain level in the testes and ovaries. Along with its heterodimer partner MSH5, it is responsible for double-strand Holliday junction recognition and stabilization, to ensure accurate chromosome segregation during meiosis. Knockout male and female mice for Msh4 and Msh5 are reportedly infertile due to meiotic arrest. In humans, MSH4 is associated with male and female gonadal failure, with distinct variations in the MutS domain V. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This was a retrospective genetics study of a consanguineous family with multiple cases of gonadal failure in both genders. The subject family was recruited in Iran, in 2018. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The proband who is affected by POI, an NOA brother, a fertile sister and their parents were subjected to WES. The discovered variant was validated in these individuals, and the rest of the family was also genotyped by Sanger sequencing. The variant was not detected in 800 healthy Iranian individuals from the Iranome database nor in 30 sporadic NOA and 30 sporadic POI patients. Suggested effect in aberrant splicing was studied by RT-PCR. Moreover, protein homology modeling was used to further investigate the amino acid substitution in silico. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The discovered variant is very rare and has never been reported in the homozygous state. It occurs in the ATPase domain at Serine 754, the first residue within the highly conserved MutS signature motif, substituting it with a Leucine. All variant effect prediction tools indicated this variant as deleterious. Since the substitution occurs immediately before the Walker B motif at position 755, further investigations based on protein homology were conducted. Considering the modeling results, the nature of the substituted amino acid residue and the distances between p. S754L variation and the residues of the Walker B motif suggested the possibility of conformational changes affecting the ATPase activity of the protein. LARGE SCALE DATA We have submitted dbSNP entry rs377712900 to ClinVar under SCV001169709, SCV001169708 and SCV001142647 for oligozoospermia, NOA and POI, respectively. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Studies in model organisms can shed more light on the role of this variant as our results were obtained by variant effect prediction tools and protein homology modeling. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Identification of variants in meiotic genes should improve genetic counseling for both male and female infertility. Also, as two of our NOA patients underwent testicular sperm extraction (TESE) with no success, ruling out the existence of pathogenic variants in meiotic genes in such patients prior to TESE could prove useful. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was financially supported by Royan Institute in Tehran, Iran, and Institut Pasteur in Paris, France. The authors declare no competing interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvand Akbari
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimiya Padidar
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmeh Salehi
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehri Mashayekhi
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Almadani
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Sadighi Gilani
- Department of Andrology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anu Bashambou
- Human Developmental Genetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Ken McElreavey
- Human Developmental Genetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Mehdi Totonchi
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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121
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Lin M, Lv J, Zhao D, Liu S, Xu J, Wu Y, Wang F, Zhang J, Zheng B, Shen C, Guan X, Yu J, Huang X. MRNIP is essential for meiotic progression and spermatogenesis in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 550:127-133. [PMID: 33689881 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Meiotic homologous recombination (HR) initiates with the programmed generation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), which result in the exchange of genetic information and genome diversity. This process requires the tight cooperation of the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex to promote DSB formation and DNA end resection. However, the mechanism regulating MRN complex remains to be explored. In the present study, we report that MRN-interacting protein, MRNIP, is a novel factor for HR and is crucial for the expression of the MRN complex and loading of recombinases DMC1/RAD51. Knockout of Mrnip in mice led to aberrant synapsis, impaired HR, and male subfertility. In conclusion, MRNIP is a novel HR factor that probably promotes meiotic progression through the MRN complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinxing Lv
- Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital (Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University), Suzhou, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinfu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yangyang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fuxin Wang
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Cong Shen
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China.
| | - Xie Guan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health (Chongqing Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute), Chongqing, China.
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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122
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Kojima Y, Yamashiro C, Murase Y, Yabuta Y, Okamoto I, Iwatani C, Tsuchiya H, Nakaya M, Tsukiyama T, Nakamura T, Yamamoto T, Saitou M. GATA transcription factors, SOX17 and TFAP2C, drive the human germ-cell specification program. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/5/e202000974. [PMID: 33608411 PMCID: PMC7918644 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This work shows that GATA transcription factors transduce the BMP signaling and, with SOX17 and TFAP2C, induce the human germ-cell fate, delineating the mechanism for human germ-cell specification. The in vitro reconstitution of human germ-cell development provides a robust framework for clarifying key underlying mechanisms. Here, we explored transcription factors (TFs) that engender the germ-cell fate in their pluripotent precursors. Unexpectedly, SOX17, TFAP2C, and BLIMP1, which act under the BMP signaling and are indispensable for human primordial germ-cell-like cell (hPGCLC) specification, failed to induce hPGCLCs. In contrast, GATA3 or GATA2, immediate BMP effectors, combined with SOX17 and TFAP2C, generated hPGCLCs. GATA3/GATA2 knockouts dose-dependently impaired BMP-induced hPGCLC specification, whereas GATA3/GATA2 expression remained unaffected in SOX17, TFAP2C, or BLIMP1 knockouts. In cynomolgus monkeys, a key model for human development, GATA3, SOX17, and TFAP2C were co-expressed exclusively in early PGCs. Crucially, the TF-induced hPGCLCs acquired a hallmark of bona fide hPGCs to undergo epigenetic reprogramming and mature into oogonia/gonocytes in xenogeneic reconstituted ovaries. By uncovering a TF circuitry driving the germ line program, our study provides a paradigm for TF-based human gametogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoji Kojima
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Kyoto, Japan .,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Kyoto, Japan.,Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chika Yamashiro
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Murase
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yabuta
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ikuhiro Okamoto
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chizuru Iwatani
- Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tsuchiya
- Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Japan
| | - Masataka Nakaya
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Kyoto, Japan.,Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Tsukiyama
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Kyoto, Japan.,Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Japan
| | - Tomonori Nakamura
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Kyoto, Japan.,The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Kyoto, Japan.,Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Kyoto, Japan.,AMED-CREST, AMED, Tokyo, Japan.,Medical-Risk Avoidance Based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitinori Saitou
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Kyoto, Japan .,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Kyoto, Japan.,Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Kyoto, Japan
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123
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Innan H, Vaiman D, Veitia RA. Predictable increase in female reproductive window: A simple model connecting age of reproduction, menopause, and longevity. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2000233. [PMID: 33569823 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
With the ever-increasing lifespan along with societal changes, women can marry and procreate later than in previous centuries. However, pathogenic genetic variants segregating in the population can lead to female subfertility or infertility well before the average age of normal menopause, leading to counter-selection of such deleterious alleles. In reviewing this field, we speculate that a logical consequence would be the later occurrence of menopause and the extension of women's reproductive lifespan. We illustrate this point with a simple model that applies to other variants that contribute to female infertility, including epigenetic variation. We also consider the effect of medical interventions and lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Innan
- Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Daniel Vaiman
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Reiner A Veitia
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.,CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France.,Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
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124
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Saitou M. Mammalian Germ Cell Development: From Mechanism to In Vitro Reconstitution. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:669-680. [PMID: 33577794 PMCID: PMC8072030 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The germ cell lineage gives rise to totipotency and perpetuates and diversifies genetic as well as epigenetic information. Specifically, germ cells undergo epigenetic reprogramming/programming, replicate genetic information with high fidelity, and create genetic diversity through meiotic recombination. Driven by advances in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying germ cell development and stem cell/reproductive technologies, research over the past 2 decades has culminated in the in vitro reconstitution of mammalian germ cell development: mouse pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can now be induced into primordial germ cell-like cells (PGCLCs) and then differentiated into fully functional oocytes and spermatogonia, and human PSCs can be induced into PGCLCs and into early oocytes and prospermatogonia with epigenetic reprogramming. Here, I provide my perspective on the key investigations that have led to the in vitro reconstitution of mammalian germ cell development, which will be instrumental in exploring salient themes in germ cell biology and, with further refinements/extensions, in developing innovative medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitinori Saitou
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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125
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Gong W, Song X, Xie C, Zhou Y, Zhu Z, Xu C, Peng Y. Landscape of meiotic crossovers in Hericium erinaceus. Microbiol Res 2021; 245:126692. [PMID: 33453565 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Meiotic crossover shows marked interspecific and intraspecific variation, and knowledge about the molecular mechanism of crossover variation remains limited. Herein, we described the genome-wide scanning of crossover in one mushroom-forming fungus Hericium erinaceus. Utilizing the whole-genome single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data-sets of a 127 F1 haploid progeny, we localized a total of 1316 crossover events and found that they were more likely to occur in the genic than intergenic regions. More than 30 % of the crossovers were concentrated in 59 crossover hotspots that were preferentially located close to chromosome ends. We then examined the genomic features around crossover hotspots. Results showed that the crossover hotspots were associated with increased gene density and guanine-cytosine (GC) content. An 8-bp GC-rich motif (GCGTCAGC) was found to be significantly enriched in these hotspots. The presence of mating-type loci affected the crossover at local scale rather than the overall crossover number. In order to dissect the genetic mechanisms shaping crossover variation, we then conducted quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping for the total crossovers (TCO) and the crossover events that solely occurred within hotspots (HCO). Genome-wide QTL scanning identified four TCO-QTLs and two HCO-QTLs, which all located within or next to the crossover-hotspots. Crossover variations were shaped by multiple small-effect loci, with individual QTL contributing 6.9 %-11.7 % of variation. A few recombination pathway genes, including Spo11, Msh5, and Smc5 were found to be co-localized with the mapped crossover QTLs. Taken together, findings of this study offer insights into the crossover distribution and genetic factors conferring crossover variation in H. erinaceus, and advance our understandings for meiotic recombination in mushroom-forming fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbing Gong
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, PR China
| | - Xiaoya Song
- Lishui Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Lishui 323000, PR China
| | - Chunliang Xie
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, PR China
| | - Yingjun Zhou
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, PR China
| | - Zuohua Zhu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, PR China
| | - Chao Xu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, PR China
| | - Yuande Peng
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, PR China.
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126
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Rossetti R, Moleri S, Guizzardi F, Gentilini D, Libera L, Marozzi A, Moretti C, Brancati F, Bonomi M, Persani L. Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing Indicates a Frequent Oligogenic Involvement in Primary Ovarian Insufficiency Onset. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:664645. [PMID: 34803902 PMCID: PMC8600266 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.664645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is one of the major causes of female infertility associated with the premature loss of ovarian function in about 3.7% of women before the age of 40. This disorder is highly heterogeneous and can manifest with a wide range of clinical phenotypes, ranging from ovarian dysgenesis and primary amenorrhea to post-pubertal secondary amenorrhea, with elevated serum gonadotropins and hypoestrogenism. The ovarian defect still remains idiopathic in some cases; however, a strong genetic component has been demonstrated by the next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach of familiar and sporadic POI cases. As recent evidence suggested an oligogenic architecture for POI, we developed a target NGS panel with 295 genes including known candidates and novel genetic determinants potentially involved in POI pathogenesis. Sixty-four patients with early onset POI (range: 10-25 years) of our cohort have been screened with 90% of target coverage at 50×. Here, we report 48 analyzed patients with at least one genetic variant (75%) in the selected candidate genes. In particular, we found the following: 11/64 patients (17%) with two variants, 9/64 (14%) with three variants, 9/64 (14%) with four variants, 3/64 (5%) with five variants, and 2/64 (3%) with six variants. The most severe phenotypes were associated with either the major number of variations or a worse prediction in pathogenicity of variants. Bioinformatic gene ontology analysis identified the following major pathways likely affected by gene variants: 1) cell cycle, meiosis, and DNA repair; 2) extracellular matrix remodeling; 3) reproduction; 4) cell metabolism; 5) cell proliferation; 6) calcium homeostasis; 7) NOTCH signaling; 8) signal transduction; 9) WNT signaling; 10) cell death; and 11) ubiquitin modifications. Consistently, the identified pathways have been described in other studies dissecting the mechanisms of folliculogenesis in animal models of altered fertility. In conclusion, our results contribute to define POI as an oligogenic disease and suggest novel candidates to be investigated in patients with POI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Rossetti
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Raffaella Rossetti, ; Luca Persani,
| | - Silvia Moleri
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabiana Guizzardi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Gentilini
- Bioinformatics and Statistical Genomics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Libera
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Marozzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Costanzo Moretti
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Brancati
- Medical Genetics, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
- Human Functional Genomics, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Bonomi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Persani
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Raffaella Rossetti, ; Luca Persani,
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127
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Jiao Y, Fan S, Jabeen N, Zhang H, Khan R, Murtaza G, Jiang H, Ali A, Li Y, Bao J, Zhang B, Xu J, Xu B, Hussain HMJ, Zaman Q, Khan I, Bukhari I, Iqbal F, Yousaf A, Dil S, Khan M, Ahmad N, Ma H, Jiang X, Zhang Y, Shi Q. A TOP6BL mutation abolishes meiotic DNA double-strand break formation and causes human infertility. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2020; 65:2120-2129. [PMID: 36732965 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Meiosis is pivotal for sexual reproduction and fertility. Meiotic programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) initiate homologous recombination, ensuring faithful chromosome segregation and generation of gametes. However, few studies have focused on meiotic DSB formation in human reproduction. Here, we report four infertile siblings born to a consanguineous marriage, with three brothers suffering from non-obstructive azoospermia and one sister suffering from unexplained infertility with normal menstrual cycles and normal ovary sizes with follicular activity. An autosomal recessive mutation in TOP6BL was found co-segregating with infertility in this family. Investigation of one male patient revealed failure in programmed meiotic DSB formation and meiotic arrest prior to pachytene stage of prophase I. Mouse models carrying similar mutations to that in patients recapitulated the spermatogenic abnormalities of the patient. Pathogenicity of the mutation in the female patient was supported by observations in mice that meiotic programmed DSBs failed to form in mutant oocytes and oocyte maturation failure due to absence of meiotic recombination. Our study thus illustrates the phenotypical characteristics and the genotype-phenotype correlations of meiotic DSB formation failure in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Jiao
- First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Suixing Fan
- First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Nazish Jabeen
- First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Ranjha Khan
- First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Hanwei Jiang
- First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Asim Ali
- First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Yang Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Jianqiang Bao
- First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Jianze Xu
- First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Bo Xu
- First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Jafar Hussain
- First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Qumar Zaman
- First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Ihsan Khan
- First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Ihtisham Bukhari
- First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Furhan Iqbal
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Zoology Division, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Yousaf
- First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Sobia Dil
- First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Manan Khan
- First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Niaz Ahmad
- Shahbaz Sharif District Hospital, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Hui Ma
- First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
| | - Yuanwei Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
| | - Qinghua Shi
- First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
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128
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Severe asynapsis in spermatocytes of interspecific hybrids of the silver fox (Vulpes vulpes) and the blue fox (Alopex lagopus) leads to pachytene I arrest as a result of sustained H2AXγ phosphorylation. Theriogenology 2020; 162:1-5. [PMID: 33388724 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Infertility is frequently associated with meiotic anomalies which can result in the production of chromosomally abnormal gametes or be concomitant with meiotic arrest. We investigated whether spermatocytes of male interspecific hybrids of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and the arctic fox (Alopex lagopus) presented alterations in chromosomal synapses and meiotic checkpoint signalling. Using the immunofluorescence technique with SP1 and SP3 proteins, bivalent structures and their deviations (multivalents, univalents and not fully conjugated bivalents) were analyzed on meiotic preparations. This technique allowed the localization of frequent foci of phosphorylated histones H2AHγ (Ser 139) to the meiotic block in late pachytene. These results indicate a disruption of meiotic division in male fox hybrids, which leads to a high percentage of apoptotic cells in the gonads of these animals and, consequently, sterility.
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129
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Winbush A, Singh ND. Genomics of Recombination Rate Variation in Temperature-Evolved Drosophila melanogaster Populations. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 13:6008691. [PMID: 33247719 PMCID: PMC7851596 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evaa252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiotic recombination is a critical process that ensures proper segregation of chromosome homologs through DNA double-strand break repair mechanisms. Rates of recombination are highly variable among various taxa, within species, and within genomes with far-reaching evolutionary and genomic consequences. The genetic basis of recombination rate variation is therefore crucial in the study of evolutionary biology but remains poorly understood. In this study, we took advantage of a set of experimental temperature-evolved populations of Drosophila melanogaster with heritable differences in recombination rates depending on the temperature regime in which they evolved. We performed whole-genome sequencing and identified several chromosomal regions that appear to be divergent depending on temperature regime. In addition, we identify a set of single-nucleotide polymorphisms and associated genes with significant differences in allele frequency when the different temperature populations are compared. Further refinement of these gene candidates emphasizing those expressed in the ovary and associated with DNA binding reveals numerous potential candidate genes such as Hr38, EcR, and mamo responsible for observed differences in recombination rates in these experimental evolution lines thus providing insight into the genetic basis of recombination rate variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Winbush
- Department of Biology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Nadia D Singh
- Department of Biology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
- Corresponding author: E-mail:
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130
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Luo W, Guo T, Li G, Liu R, Zhao S, Song M, Zhang L, Wang S, Chen ZJ, Qin Y. Variants in Homologous Recombination Genes EXO1 and RAD51 Related with Premature Ovarian Insufficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5890154. [PMID: 32772095 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is characterized by cessation of menstruation before 40 years of age and elevated serum level of FSH (>25 IU/L). Recent studies have found a few causative genes responsible for POI enriched in meiotic recombination and DNA damage repair pathways. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of variations in homologous recombination genes played in POI pathogenesis. METHODS The whole exome sequencing was performed in 50 POI patients with primary amenorrhea. Functional characterizations of the novel variants were carried out in budding yeast and human cell line. RESULTS We identified 8 missense variants in 7 homologous recombination genes, including EXO1, RAD51, RMI1, MSH5, MSH2, MSH6, and MLH1. The mutation p.Thr52Ser in EXO1 impaired the meiotic process of budding yeast and p.Glu68Gly in RAD51-altered protein localization in human cells, both of them impaired the efficiency of homologous recombination repair for DNA double-stranded breaks in human cells. CONCLUSIONS Our study first linked the variants of EXO1 and RAD51 with POI and further highlighted the role of DNA repair genes in ovarian dysgenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University. National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, China, The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, China
| | - Ting Guo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University. National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, China, The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, China
| | - Guangyu Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University. National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, China, The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, China
| | - Ran Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University. National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, China, The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, China
| | - Shidou Zhao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University. National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, China, The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, China
| | - Meihui Song
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Liangran Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University. National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, China, The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, China
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shunxin Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University. National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, China, The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, China
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University. National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, China, The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, China
| | - Yingying Qin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University. National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, China, The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, China
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131
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Lascarez-Lagunas LI, Herruzo E, Grishok A, San-Segundo PA, Colaiácovo MP. DOT-1.1-dependent H3K79 methylation promotes normal meiotic progression and meiotic checkpoint function in C. elegans. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009171. [PMID: 33104701 PMCID: PMC7644094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifiers are emerging as important regulators of the genome. However, how they regulate specific processes during meiosis is not well understood. Methylation of H3K79 by the histone methyltransferase Dot1 has been shown to be involved in the maintenance of genomic stability in various organisms. In S. cerevisiae, Dot1 modulates the meiotic checkpoint response triggered by synapsis and/or recombination defects by promoting Hop1-dependent Mek1 activation and Hop1 distribution along unsynapsed meiotic chromosomes, at least in part, by regulating Pch2 localization. However, how this protein regulates meiosis in metazoans is unknown. Here, we describe the effects of H3K79me depletion via analysis of dot-1.1 or zfp-1 mutants during meiosis in Caenorhabditis elegans. We observed decreased fertility and increased embryonic lethality in dot-1.1 mutants suggesting meiotic dysfunction. We show that DOT-1.1 plays a role in the regulation of pairing, synapsis and recombination in the worm. Furthermore, we demonstrate that DOT-1.1 is an important regulator of mechanisms surveilling chromosome synapsis during meiosis. In sum, our results reveal that regulation of H3K79me plays an important role in coordinating events during meiosis in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura I. Lascarez-Lagunas
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Esther Herruzo
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alla Grishok
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Genome Science Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Pedro A. San-Segundo
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mónica P. Colaiácovo
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
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132
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Lozada-Soto EA, Maltecca C, Wackel H, Flowers W, Gray K, He Y, Huang Y, Jiang J, Tiezzi F. Evidence for recombination variability in purebred swine populations. J Anim Breed Genet 2020; 138:259-273. [PMID: 32975329 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate interpopulation variation due to sex, breed and age, and the intrapopulation variation in the form of genetic variance for recombination in swine. Genome-wide recombination rate and recombination occurrences (RO) were traits studied in Landrace (LR) and Large White (LW) male and female populations. Differences were found for sex, breed, sex-breed interaction, and age effects for genome-wide recombination rate and RO at one or more chromosomes. Dams were found to have a higher genome-wide recombination rate and RO at all chromosomes than sires. LW animals had higher genome-wide recombination rate and RO at seven chromosomes but lower at two chromosomes than LR individuals. The sex-breed interaction effect did not show any pattern not already observable by sex. Recombination increased with increasing parity in females, while in males no effect of age was observed. We estimated heritabilities and repeatabilities for both investigated traits and obtained the genetic correlation between male and female genome-wide recombination rate within each of the two breeds studied. Estimates of heritability and repeatability were low (h2 = 0.01-0.26; r = 0.18-0.42) for both traits in all populations. Genetic correlations were high and positive, with estimates of 0.98 and 0.94 for the LR and LW breeds, respectively. We performed a GWAS for genome-wide recombination rate independently in the four sex/breed populations. The results of the GWAS were inconsistent across the four populations with different significant genomic regions identified. The results of this study provide evidence of variability for recombination in purebred swine populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Maltecca
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Hanna Wackel
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - William Flowers
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Kent Gray
- Smithfield Premium Genetics, Rose Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yuqing He
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Jicai Jiang
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Francesco Tiezzi
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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133
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Abstract
Cellular DNA is constantly chemically altered by exogenous and endogenous agents. As all processes of life depend on the transmission of the genetic information, multiple biological processes exist to ensure genome integrity. Chemically damaged DNA has been linked to cancer and aging, therefore it is of great interest to map DNA damage formation and repair to elucidate the distribution of damage on a genome-wide scale. While the low abundance and inability to enzymatically amplify DNA damage are obstacles to genome-wide sequencing, new developments in the last few years have enabled high-resolution mapping of damaged bases. Recently, a number of DNA damage sequencing library construction strategies coupled to new data analysis pipelines allowed the mapping of specific DNA damage formation and repair at high and single nucleotide resolution. Strikingly, these advancements revealed that the distribution of DNA damage is heavily influenced by chromatin states and the binding of transcription factors. In the last seven years, these novel approaches have revealed new genomic maps of DNA damage distribution in a variety of organisms as generated by diverse chemical and physical DNA insults; oxidative stress, chemotherapeutic drugs, environmental pollutants, and sun exposure. Preferred sequences for damage formation and repair have been elucidated, thus making it possible to identify persistent weak spots in the genome as locations predicted to be vulnerable for mutation. As such, sequencing DNA damage will have an immense impact on our ability to elucidate mechanisms of disease initiation, and to evaluate and predict the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Mingard
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
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134
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Sánchez-Sáez F, Gómez-H L, Dunne OM, Gallego-Páramo C, Felipe-Medina N, Sánchez-Martín M, Llano E, Pendas AM, Davies OR. Meiotic chromosome synapsis depends on multivalent SYCE1-SIX6OS1 interactions that are disrupted in cases of human infertility. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/36/eabb1660. [PMID: 32917591 PMCID: PMC7467691 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb1660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Meiotic reductional division depends on the synaptonemal complex (SC), a supramolecular protein assembly that mediates homologous chromosomes synapsis and promotes crossover formation. The mammalian SC has eight structural components, including SYCE1, the only central element protein with known causative mutations in human infertility. We combine mouse genetics, cellular, and biochemical studies to reveal that SYCE1 undergoes multivalent interactions with SC component SIX6OS1. The N terminus of SIX6OS1 binds and disrupts SYCE1's core dimeric structure to form a 1:1 complex, while their downstream sequences provide a distinct second interface. These interfaces are separately disrupted by SYCE1 mutations associated with nonobstructive azoospermia and premature ovarian failure (POF), respectively. Mice harboring SYCE1's POF mutation and a targeted deletion within SIX6OS1's N terminus are infertile with failure of chromosome synapsis. We conclude that both SYCE1-SIX6OS1 binding interfaces are essential for SC assembly, thus explaining how SYCE1's reported clinical mutations give rise to human infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Sánchez-Sáez
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Laura Gómez-H
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Orla M Dunne
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Cristina Gallego-Páramo
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Natalia Felipe-Medina
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Elena Llano
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto M Pendas
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Owen R Davies
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
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135
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Fujiwara Y, Horisawa-Takada Y, Inoue E, Tani N, Shibuya H, Fujimura S, Kariyazono R, Sakata T, Ohta K, Araki K, Okada Y, Ishiguro KI. Meiotic cohesins mediate initial loading of HORMAD1 to the chromosomes and coordinate SC formation during meiotic prophase. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009048. [PMID: 32931493 PMCID: PMC7518614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During meiotic prophase, sister chromatids are organized into axial element (AE), which underlies the structural framework for the meiotic events such as meiotic recombination and homolog synapsis. HORMA domain-containing proteins (HORMADs) localize along AE and play critical roles in the regulation of those meiotic events. Organization of AE is attributed to two groups of proteins: meiotic cohesins REC8 and RAD21L; and AE components SYCP2 and SYCP3. It has been elusive how these chromosome structural proteins contribute to the chromatin loading of HORMADs prior to AE formation. Here we newly generated Sycp2 null mice and showed that initial chromatin loading of HORMAD1 was mediated by meiotic cohesins prior to AE formation. HORMAD1 interacted not only with the AE components SYCP2 and SYCP3 but also with meiotic cohesins. Notably, HORMAD1 interacted with meiotic cohesins even in Sycp2-KO, and localized along cohesin axial cores independently of the AE components SYCP2 and SYCP3. Hormad1/Rad21L-double knockout (dKO) showed more severe defects in the formation of synaptonemal complex (SC) compared to Hormad1-KO or Rad21L-KO. Intriguingly, Hormad1/Rec8-dKO but not Hormad1/Rad21L-dKO showed precocious separation of sister chromatid axis. These findings suggest that meiotic cohesins REC8 and RAD21L mediate chromatin loading and the mode of action of HORMAD1 for synapsis during early meiotic prophase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Fujiwara
- Laboratory of Pathology and Development, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Horisawa-Takada
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Erina Inoue
- Laboratory of Pathology and Development, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Tani
- Liaison Laboratory Research Promotion Center, IMEG, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shibuya
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sayoko Fujimura
- Liaison Laboratory Research Promotion Center, IMEG, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ryo Kariyazono
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toyonori Sakata
- Laboratory of Genome Structure and Function, the Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Ohta
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimi Araki
- Institute of Resource Development and Analysis & Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Okada
- Laboratory of Pathology and Development, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei-ichiro Ishiguro
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
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136
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Felipe-Medina N, Caburet S, Sánchez-Sáez F, Condezo YB, de Rooij DG, Gómez-H L, Garcia-Valiente R, Todeschini AL, Duque P, Sánchez-Martin MA, Shalev SA, Llano E, Veitia RA, Pendás AM. A missense in HSF2BP causing primary ovarian insufficiency affects meiotic recombination by its novel interactor C19ORF57/BRME1. eLife 2020; 9:e56996. [PMID: 32845237 PMCID: PMC7498267 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (POI) is a major cause of infertility, but its etiology remains poorly understood. Using whole-exome sequencing in a family with three cases of POI, we identified the candidate missense variant S167L in HSF2BP, an essential meiotic gene. Functional analysis of the HSF2BP-S167L variant in mouse showed that it behaves as a hypomorphic allele compared to a new loss-of-function (knock-out) mouse model. Hsf2bpS167L/S167L females show reduced fertility with smaller litter sizes. To obtain mechanistic insights, we identified C19ORF57/BRME1 as a strong interactor and stabilizer of HSF2BP and showed that the BRME1/HSF2BP protein complex co-immunoprecipitates with BRCA2, RAD51, RPA and PALB2. Meiocytes bearing the HSF2BP-S167L variant showed a strongly decreased staining of both HSF2BP and BRME1 at the recombination nodules and a reduced number of the foci formed by the recombinases RAD51/DMC1, thus leading to a lower frequency of crossovers. Our results provide insights into the molecular mechanism of HSF2BP-S167L in human ovarian insufficiency and sub(in)fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Felipe-Medina
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca)SalamancaSpain
| | - Sandrine Caburet
- Université de ParisParis CedexFrance
- Institut Jacques Monod, Université de ParisParisFrance
| | - Fernando Sánchez-Sáez
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca)SalamancaSpain
| | - Yazmine B Condezo
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca)SalamancaSpain
| | - Dirk G de Rooij
- Reproductive Biology Group, Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Laura Gómez-H
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca)SalamancaSpain
| | - Rodrigo Garcia-Valiente
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca)SalamancaSpain
| | - Anne Laure Todeschini
- Université de ParisParis CedexFrance
- Institut Jacques Monod, Université de ParisParisFrance
| | - Paloma Duque
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca)SalamancaSpain
| | - Manuel Adolfo Sánchez-Martin
- Transgenic Facility, Nucleus platform, Universidad de SalamancaSalamancaSpain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de SalamancaSalamancaSpain
| | - Stavit A Shalev
- The Genetic Institute, "Emek" Medical CenterAfulaIsrael
- Bruce and Ruth Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, TechnionHaifaIsrael
| | - Elena Llano
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca)SalamancaSpain
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de SalamancaSalamancaSpain
| | - Reiner A Veitia
- Université de ParisParis CedexFrance
- Institut Jacques Monod, Université de ParisParisFrance
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Biologie F. Jacob, Commissariat à l’Energie AtomiqueFontenay aux RosesFrance
| | - Alberto M Pendás
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca)SalamancaSpain
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Hinch AG, Becker PW, Li T, Moralli D, Zhang G, Bycroft C, Green C, Keeney S, Shi Q, Davies B, Donnelly P. The Configuration of RPA, RAD51, and DMC1 Binding in Meiosis Reveals the Nature of Critical Recombination Intermediates. Mol Cell 2020; 79:689-701.e10. [PMID: 32610038 PMCID: PMC7447979 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Meiotic recombination proceeds via binding of RPA, RAD51, and DMC1 to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) substrates created after formation of programmed DNA double-strand breaks. Here we report high-resolution in vivo maps of RPA and RAD51 in meiosis, mapping their binding locations and lifespans to individual homologous chromosomes using a genetically engineered hybrid mouse. Together with high-resolution microscopy and DMC1 binding maps, we show that DMC1 and RAD51 have distinct spatial localization on ssDNA: DMC1 binds near the break site, and RAD51 binds away from it. We characterize inter-homolog recombination intermediates bound by RPA in vivo, with properties expected for the critical displacement loop (D-loop) intermediates. These data support the hypothesis that DMC1, not RAD51, performs strand exchange in mammalian meiosis. RPA-bound D-loops can be resolved as crossovers or non-crossovers, but crossover-destined D-loops may have longer lifespans. D-loops resemble crossover gene conversions in size, but their extent is similar in both repair pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philipp W Becker
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tao Li
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Daniela Moralli
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gang Zhang
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Clare Bycroft
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Catherine Green
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Scott Keeney
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Qinghua Shi
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Benjamin Davies
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter Donnelly
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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138
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Wang X, Xu P, Ren Y, Yin L, Li S, Wang Y, Shi Y, Li H, Cao X, Chi X, Yu T, Pandey MK, Varshney RK, Yuan M. Genome-wide identification of meiotic recombination hot spots detected by SLAF in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Sci Rep 2020; 10:13792. [PMID: 32796889 PMCID: PMC7429841 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70354-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombination hot spots (RHP), caused by meiosis, are considered to play crucial roles in improvement and domestication of crop. Cultivated peanut is one of the most important rich-source of oil and protein crops. However, no direct scale of recombination events and RHP have been estimated for peanut. To examine the scale of recombination events and RHP in peanut, a RIL population with 200 lines and a natural population with 49 cultivars were evaluated. The precise integrated map comprises 4837 SLAF markers with genetic length of 2915.46 cM and density of 1.66 markers per cM in whole genome. An average of 30.0 crossover (2.06 cMMb−1) events was detected per RIL plant. The crossover events (CE) showed uneven distribution among B sub-genome (2.32) and A sub-genome (1.85). There were 4.34% and 7.86% of the genome contained large numbers of CE (> 50 cMMb−1) along chromosomes in F6 and natural population, respectively. High density of CE regions called RHP, showed negative relationship to marker haplotypes conservative region but positive to heatmap of recombination. The genes located within the RHP regions by GO categories showed the responding of environmental stimuli, which suggested that recombination plays a crucial role in peanut adaptation to changing environments
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Wang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Middle of Shuangling Road, Lanshan District, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Ping Xu
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Middle of Shuangling Road, Lanshan District, Linyi, 276000, China.
| | - Yan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Peanut Biology and Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Shandong Peanut Research Institute, No.126, Wannianquan Road, Licang District, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Liang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Peanut Biology and Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Shandong Peanut Research Institute, No.126, Wannianquan Road, Licang District, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Shuangling Li
- Key Laboratory of Peanut Biology and Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Shandong Peanut Research Institute, No.126, Wannianquan Road, Licang District, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Middle of Shuangling Road, Lanshan District, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Yanmao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Peanut Biology and Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Shandong Peanut Research Institute, No.126, Wannianquan Road, Licang District, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Middle of Shuangling Road, Lanshan District, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Xue Cao
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Middle of Shuangling Road, Lanshan District, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chi
- Key Laboratory of Peanut Biology and Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Shandong Peanut Research Institute, No.126, Wannianquan Road, Licang District, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Tianyi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Peanut Biology and Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Shandong Peanut Research Institute, No.126, Wannianquan Road, Licang District, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Manish K Pandey
- International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Greater Hyderabad, Patancheru, 502 324, India
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Greater Hyderabad, Patancheru, 502 324, India
| | - Mei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Peanut Biology and Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Shandong Peanut Research Institute, No.126, Wannianquan Road, Licang District, Qingdao, 266100, China.
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139
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Zhang YP, Bao ZW, Wu JB, Chen YH, Chen JR, Xie HY, Zhou L, Wu J, Zheng SS. Cancer-Testis Gene Expression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Identification of Prognostic Markers and Potential Targets for Immunotherapy. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033820944274. [PMID: 32715976 PMCID: PMC7453447 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820944274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-testis genes can serve as prognostic biomarkers and valuable targets for immunotherapy in multiple tumors because of their restricted expression in testis and cancer. However, their expression pattern in hepatocellular carcinoma is still not well understood. The purpose is to comprehensively characterize the cancer-testis gene expression in hepatocellular carcinoma as well as identify prognostic markers and potential targets for immunotherapy. METHODS Cancer-testis database and publicly available data sets reporting new cancer-testis genes were integrated, and then restricted them in a testis and hepatocellular carcinoma expression pattern. Pathway enrichment analysis and survival analysis were conducted to evaluate the biological function and prognostic effect of cancer-testis genes. Clustering analysis and coexpression analysis were performed to illustrate cancer-testis gene expression patterns in hepatocellular carcinoma. The association of gene expression of each cancer-testis gene to the corresponding methylation status was detected. Finally, we explored the associations between cancer-testis genes and CD8+ T-cell infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma by TISIDB, and then validated it in an independent hepatocellular carcinoma cohort with 72 patients. RESULTS A total of 59 testis-specific genes were identified highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that cancer-testis genes in hepatocellular carcinoma significantly involves in the process of cell cycle regulation. Most of the cancer-testis genes were coexpressed, and cluster analysis suggested that cancer-testis gene expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma is independent of sex, hepatitis status, and histology type. We also found that demethylation might be a regulatory mechanism of cancer-testis gene expression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Survival analysis indicated that cancer-testis genes could predict the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Furthermore, BUB1B was identified contributing to the resistance of CD8+ T-cell infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma and was an independent prognostic factor both for overall survival and disease-free survival. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis enables better understanding of cancer-testis genes in hepatocellular carcinoma and provides potential targets for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment. Experimental and clinical studies are needed for further validations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Peng Zhang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Bang Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Hao Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Ru Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Yang Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Sen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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140
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Zhang Z, Li B, Fu J, Li R, Diao F, Li C, Chen B, Du J, Zhou Z, Mu J, Yan Z, Wu L, Liu S, Wang W, Zhao L, Dong J, He L, Liang X, Kuang Y, Sun X, Sang Q, Wang L. Bi-allelic Missense Pathogenic Variants in TRIP13 Cause Female Infertility Characterized by Oocyte Maturation Arrest. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 107:15-23. [PMID: 32473092 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal oocyte meiosis is a prerequisite for successful human reproduction, and abnormalities in the process will result in infertility. In 2016, we identified mutations in TUBB8 as responsible for human oocyte meiotic arrest. However, the underlying genetic factors for most affected individuals remain unknown. TRIP13, encoding an AAA-ATPase, is a key component of the spindle assembly checkpoint, and recurrent homozygous nonsense variants and a splicing variant in TRIP13 are reported to cause Wilms tumors in children. In this study, we identified homozygous and compound heterozygous missense pathogenic variants in TRIP13 responsible for female infertility mainly characterized by oocyte meiotic arrest in five individuals from four independent families. Individuals from three families suffered from oocyte maturation arrest, whereas the individual from the fourth family had abnormal zygote cleavage. All displayed only the infertility phenotype without Wilms tumors or any other abnormalities. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that the identified variants reduced the protein abundance of TRIP13 and caused its downstream molecule, HORMAD2, to accumulate in HeLa cells and in proband-derived lymphoblastoid cells. The chromosome mis-segregation assay showed that variants did not have any effects on mitosis. Injecting TRIP13 cRNA into oocytes from one affected individual was able to rescue the phenotype, which has implications for future therapeutic treatments. This study reports pathogenic variants in TRIP13 responsible for oocyte meiotic arrest, and it highlights the pivotal but different roles of TRIP13 in meiosis and mitosis. These findings also indicate that different dosage effects of mutant TRIP13 might result in two distinct human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Zhang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, the International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and the State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bin Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai Ninth Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jing Fu
- Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics and IVF Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Rong Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Feiyang Diao
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Caihong Li
- Assisted Reproductive Technology Laboratory, Shenyang Jinghua Hospitals, Shenyang, Liaoning 110005, China
| | - Biaobang Chen
- National Health Commission Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jing Du
- National Health Commission Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, the International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and the State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Mu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, the International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and the State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zheng Yan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai Ninth Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ling Wu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai Ninth Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, the International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and the State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, the International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and the State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, the International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and the State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lin He
- Bio-X Center, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiaozhen Liang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yanping Kuang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai Ninth Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xiaoxi Sun
- Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics and IVF Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Qing Sang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, the International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and the State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, the International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and the State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Center for Women and Children's Health, Shanghai 200062, China.
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141
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How sex chromosomes break up to get together. Nature 2020; 582:346-347. [PMID: 32541910 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-020-01483-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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142
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Brown RC, Lunter G. An equivariant Bayesian convolutional network predicts recombination hotspots and accurately resolves binding motifs. Bioinformatics 2020; 35:2177-2184. [PMID: 30481258 PMCID: PMC6596897 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bty964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been tremendously successful in many contexts, particularly where training data are abundant and signal-to-noise ratios are large. However, when predicting noisily observed phenotypes from DNA sequence, each training instance is only weakly informative, and the amount of training data is often fundamentally limited, emphasizing the need for methods that make optimal use of training data and any structure inherent in the process. RESULTS Here we show how to combine equivariant networks, a general mathematical framework for handling exact symmetries in CNNs, with Bayesian dropout, a version of Monte Carlo dropout suggested by a reinterpretation of dropout as a variational Bayesian approximation, to develop a model that exhibits exact reverse-complement symmetry and is more resistant to overtraining. We find that this model combines improved prediction consistency with better predictive accuracy compared to standard CNN implementations and state-of-art motif finders. We use our network to predict recombination hotspots from sequence, and identify binding motifs for the recombination-initiation protein PRDM9 previously unobserved in this data, which were recently validated by high-resolution assays. The network achieves a predictive accuracy comparable to that attainable by a direct assay of the H3K4me3 histone mark, a proxy for PRDM9 binding. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION https://github.com/luntergroup/EquivariantNetworks. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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143
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Petrillo C, Barroca V, Ribeiro J, Lailler N, Livera G, Keeney S, Martini E, Jain D. shani mutation in mouse affects splicing of Spata22 and leads to impaired meiotic recombination. Chromosoma 2020; 129:161-179. [PMID: 32388826 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-020-00735-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recombination is crucial for chromosome pairing and segregation during meiosis. SPATA22, along with its direct binding partner and functional collaborator, MEIOB, is essential for the proper repair of double-strand breaks (DSBs) during meiotic recombination. Here, we describe a novel point-mutated allele (shani) of mouse Spata22 that we isolated in a forward genetic screen. shani mutant mice phenocopy Spata22-null and Meiob-null mice: mutant cells appear to form DSBs and initiate meiotic recombination, but are unable to complete DSB repair, leading to meiotic prophase arrest, apoptosis and sterility. shani mutants show precocious loss of DMC1 foci and improper accumulation of BLM-positive recombination foci, reinforcing the requirement of SPATA22-MEIOB for the proper progression of meiotic recombination events. The shani mutation lies within a Spata22 coding exon and molecular characterization shows that it leads to incorrect splicing of the Spata22 mRNA, ultimately resulting in no detectable SPATA22 protein. We propose that the shani mutation alters an exonic splicing enhancer element (ESE) within the Spata22 transcript. The affected DNA nucleotide is conserved in most tetrapods examined, suggesting that the splicing regulation we describe here may be a conserved feature of Spata22 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Petrillo
- Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, UMRE008 Genetic Stability Stem cells and Radiations, Université de Paris, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, 92265, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Vilma Barroca
- UMRE008 Genetic Stability Stem cells and Radiations, Université de Paris, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Inserm, U1274, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Jonathan Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, UMRE008 Genetic Stability Stem cells and Radiations, Université de Paris, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, 92265, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Nathalie Lailler
- Integrated Genomics Operation, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Gabriel Livera
- Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, UMRE008 Genetic Stability Stem cells and Radiations, Université de Paris, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, 92265, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Scott Keeney
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Martini
- Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, UMRE008 Genetic Stability Stem cells and Radiations, Université de Paris, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, 92265, Fontenay aux Roses, France.
| | - Devanshi Jain
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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144
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Oocytes can efficiently repair DNA double-strand breaks to restore genetic integrity and protect offspring health. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:11513-11522. [PMID: 32381741 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2001124117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Female fertility and offspring health are critically dependent on an adequate supply of high-quality oocytes, the majority of which are maintained in the ovaries in a unique state of meiotic prophase arrest. While mechanisms of DNA repair during meiotic recombination are well characterized, the same is not true for prophase-arrested oocytes. Here we show that prophase-arrested oocytes rapidly respond to γ-irradiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks by activating Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated, phosphorylating histone H2AX, and localizing RAD51 to the sites of DNA damage. Despite mobilizing the DNA repair response, even very low levels of DNA damage result in the apoptosis of prophase-arrested oocytes. However, we show that, when apoptosis is inhibited, severe DNA damage is corrected via homologous recombination repair. The repair is sufficient to support fertility and maintain health and genetic fidelity in offspring. Thus, despite the preferential induction of apoptosis following exogenously induced genotoxic stress, prophase-arrested oocytes are highly capable of functionally efficient DNA repair. These data implicate DNA repair as a key quality control mechanism in the female germ line and a critical determinant of fertility and genetic integrity.
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145
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Huang T, Yuan S, Gao L, Li M, Yu X, Zhan J, Yin Y, Liu C, Zhang C, Lu G, Li W, Liu J, Chen ZJ, Liu H. The histone modification reader ZCWPW1 links histone methylation to PRDM9-induced double-strand break repair. eLife 2020; 9:e53459. [PMID: 32374261 PMCID: PMC7314539 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The histone modification writer Prdm9 has been shown to deposit H3K4me3 and H3K36me3 at future double-strand break (DSB) sites during the very early stages of meiosis, but the reader of these marks remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that Zcwpw1 is an H3K4me3 reader that is required for DSB repair and synapsis in mouse testes. We generated H3K4me3 reader-dead Zcwpw1 mutant mice and found that their spermatocytes were arrested at the pachytene-like stage, which phenocopies the Zcwpw1 knock-out mice. Based on various ChIP-seq and immunofluorescence analyses using several mutants, we found that Zcwpw1's occupancy on chromatin is strongly promoted by the histone-modification activity of PRDM9. Zcwpw1 localizes to DMC1-labelled hotspots in a largely Prdm9-dependent manner, where it facilitates completion of synapsis by mediating the DSB repair process. In sum, our study demonstrates the function of ZCWPW1 that acts as part of the selection system for epigenetics-based recombination hotspots in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Shenli Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Lei Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Mengjing Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Xiaochen Yu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Jianhong Zhan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yingying Yin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chuanxin Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Gang Lu
- CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jiang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive GeneticsShanghaiChina
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
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146
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Veitia RA. Primary ovarian insufficiency, meiosis and DNA repair. Biomed J 2020; 43:115-123. [PMID: 32381463 PMCID: PMC7283561 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a major cause of female infertility. It is a heterogeneous disease that affects about 1% of women under 40 years of age. POI may be due to abnormal follicle stock formation, increased follicular atresia, impaired recruitment of dominant follicles, blocked follicular maturation or rapid depletion of the follicular stock. It remains idiopathic in most cases but the existence of familial cases shows that it can have a genetic origin. Next generation sequencing (NGS) strategies have allowed the identification of new genes involved in the etiology of POI. Here, I briefly describe some studies demonstrating that pathogenic variants in ‘DNA repair and meiotic genes’ underlie POI. Some of the examples show the power of the combination of classical genetics and NGS in the discovery of novel ‘POI genes’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiner A Veitia
- Paris-Saclay University, Institute for Biology Francois Jacob, Atomic Energy Commissariat, Fontenay aux Roses, France; University of Paris, National Center for Scienftic Research (CNRS), Jacques Monod Institute, Paris, France.
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147
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Mahgoub M, Paiano J, Bruno M, Wu W, Pathuri S, Zhang X, Ralls S, Cheng X, Nussenzweig A, Macfarlan TS. Dual histone methyl reader ZCWPW1 facilitates repair of meiotic double strand breaks in male mice. eLife 2020; 9:e53360. [PMID: 32352380 PMCID: PMC7237205 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiotic crossovers result from homology-directed repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Unlike yeast and plants, where DSBs are generated near gene promoters, in many vertebrates DSBs are enriched at hotspots determined by the DNA binding activity of the rapidly evolving zinc finger array of PRDM9 (PR domain zinc finger protein 9). PRDM9 subsequently catalyzes tri-methylation of lysine 4 and lysine 36 of Histone H3 in nearby nucleosomes. Here, we identify the dual histone methylation reader ZCWPW1, which is tightly co-expressed during spermatogenesis with Prdm9, as an essential meiotic recombination factor required for efficient repair of PRDM9-dependent DSBs and for pairing of homologous chromosomes in male mice. In sum, our results indicate that the evolution of a dual histone methylation writer/reader (PRDM9/ZCWPW1) system in vertebrates remodeled genetic recombination hotspot selection from an ancestral static pattern near genes towards a flexible pattern controlled by the rapidly evolving DNA binding activity of PRDM9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mahgoub
- The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Jacob Paiano
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, NIHBethesdaUnited States
- Immunology Graduate Group, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Melania Bruno
- The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Wei Wu
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Sarath Pathuri
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - Sherry Ralls
- The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - André Nussenzweig
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Todd S Macfarlan
- The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIHBethesdaUnited States
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148
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Luo Z, Wang X, Jiang H, Wang R, Chen J, Chen Y, Xu Q, Cao J, Gong X, Wu J, Yang Y, Li W, Han C, Cheng CY, Rosenfeld MG, Sun F, Song X. Reorganized 3D Genome Structures Support Transcriptional Regulation in Mouse Spermatogenesis. iScience 2020; 23:101034. [PMID: 32315832 PMCID: PMC7170994 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional chromatin structures undergo dynamic reorganization during mammalian spermatogenesis; however, their impacts on gene regulation remain unclear. Here, we focused on understanding the structure-function regulation of meiotic chromosomes by Hi-C and other omics techniques in mouse spermatogenesis across five stages. Beyond confirming recent reports regarding changes in compartmentalization and reorganization of topologically associating domains (TADs), we further demonstrated that chromatin loops are present prior to and after, but not at, the pachytene stage. By integrating Hi-C and RNA-seq data, we showed that the switching of A/B compartments between spermatogenic stages is tightly associated with meiosis-specific mRNAs and piRNAs expression. Moreover, our ATAC-seq data indicated that chromatin accessibility per se is not responsible for the TAD and loop diminishment at pachytene. Additionally, our ChIP-seq data demonstrated that CTCF and cohesin remain bound at TAD boundary regions throughout meiosis, suggesting that dynamic reorganization of TADs does not require CTCF and cohesin clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Luo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yusheng Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, College of Future Technology, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qianlan Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jun Cao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiaowen Gong
- Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ji Wu
- Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yungui Yang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, College of Future Technology, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wenbo Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chunsheng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - C Yan Cheng
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, USA
| | - Michael G Rosenfeld
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, School and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651, USA
| | - Fei Sun
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Song
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
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149
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McNicoll F, Kühnel A, Biswas U, Hempel K, Whelan G, Eichele G, Jessberger R. Meiotic sex chromosome cohesion and autosomal synapsis are supported by Esco2. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:e201900564. [PMID: 32051254 PMCID: PMC7025286 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In mitotic cells, establishment of sister chromatid cohesion requires acetylation of the cohesin subunit SMC3 (acSMC3) by ESCO1 and/or ESCO2. Meiotic cohesin plays additional but poorly understood roles in the formation of chromosome axial elements (AEs) and synaptonemal complexes. Here, we show that levels of ESCO2, acSMC3, and the pro-cohesion factor sororin increase on meiotic chromosomes as homologs synapse. These proteins are less abundant on the largely unsynapsed sex chromosomes, whose sister chromatid cohesion appears weaker throughout the meiotic prophase. Using three distinct conditional Esco2 knockout mouse strains, we demonstrate that ESCO2 is essential for male gametogenesis. Partial depletion of ESCO2 in prophase I spermatocytes delays chromosome synapsis and further weakens cohesion along sex chromosomes, which show extensive separation of AEs into single chromatids. Unsynapsed regions of autosomes are associated with the sex chromatin and also display split AEs. This study provides the first evidence for a specific role of ESCO2 in mammalian meiosis, identifies a particular ESCO2 dependence of sex chromosome cohesion and suggests support of autosomal synapsis by acSMC3-stabilized cohesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- François McNicoll
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anne Kühnel
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Uddipta Biswas
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kai Hempel
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gabriela Whelan
- Department of Genes and Behaviour, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gregor Eichele
- Department of Genes and Behaviour, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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150
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Sycp2 is essential for synaptonemal complex assembly, early meiotic recombination and homologous pairing in zebrafish spermatocytes. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008640. [PMID: 32092049 PMCID: PMC7062287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiotic recombination is essential for faithful segregation of homologous chromosomes during gametogenesis. The progression of recombination is associated with dynamic changes in meiotic chromatin structures. However, whether Sycp2, a key structural component of meiotic chromatin, is required for the initiation of meiotic recombination is still unclear in vertebrates. Here, we describe that Sycp2 is required for assembly of the synaptonemal complex and early meiotic events in zebrafish spermatocytes. Our genetic screening by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea mutagenesis revealed that ietsugu (its), a mutant zebrafish line with an aberrant splice site in the sycp2 gene, showed a defect during meiotic prophase I. The its mutation appeared to be a hypomorphic mutation compared to sycp2 knockout mutations generated by TALEN mutagenesis. Taking advantage of these sycp2 hypomorphic and knockout mutant lines, we demonstrated that Sycp2 is required for the assembly of the synaptonemal complex that is initiated in the vicinity of telomeres in wild-type zebrafish spermatocytes. Accordingly, homologous pairing, the foci of the meiotic recombinases Dmc1/Rad51 and RPA, and γH2AX signals were largely diminished in sycp2 knockout spermatocytes. Taken together, our data indicate that Sycp2 plays a critical role in not only the assembly of the synaptonemal complex, but also early meiotic recombination and homologous pairing, in vertebrates.
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