101
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Zhang JB, Zhang B, Guo L, Lin ZH, Li XQ, Guo K, Sun HC, Ye QH. Peritumoral Cbl is a strong independent prognostic marker after curative resection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2015; 6:40223-34. [PMID: 26474280 PMCID: PMC4741890 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidences support the concept that peritumoral microenvironment gene expression is an important element for physicians to make an accurate prognosis. Nonetheless, the correlation between peritumoral ubiquitin ligases and the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) survival remains unclear till this present. The expression of intratumoral and peritumoral Casitas B-lineage Lymphoma (Cbl) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) followed by curative resection was assessed by tissue microarray-based immune-histochemistry in two independent cohorts (n = 352). Their respective prognostic values and other clinicopathologic factors were then evaluated. The peritumoral Cbl density, much higher than that in intratumoral tissue, was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (P < 0.001) and time to recurrence (P < 0.001) of HCCs after curative resection. The hazard ratio were 1.587 and 1.689, respectively. However, there was no correlation between intratumoral Cbl and prognosis. The peritumoral Cbl was also associated with prognosis even in HCC subgroups with small tumor size, negative AFP, without microvascular invasion and negative HBeAg. After a thorough analysis pertaining to the key role of Cbl on ubiquitination and degradation of activated receptor tyrosine kinases, we eventually discovered the negative correlation between peritumoral Cbl and EGFR (P = 0.015). Furthermore, the combination of peritumoral Cbl and EGFR serves as a much stronger indicator to make an accurate prognosis, especially during early recurrence (P < 0.001). These findings suggest that low expression of peritumoral Cbl and EGFR were positively associated with tumor size, microvascular invasion and patients survival after hepatectomy, highlighting the key role of peritumoral liver milieu in HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Bo Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shangai, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shangai, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shangai, China
| | - Zhen-Hai Lin
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shangai, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Li
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shangai, China
| | - Kun Guo
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shangai, China
| | - Hui-Chuan Sun
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shangai, China
| | - Qing-Hai Ye
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shangai, China
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102
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Goyama S, Schibler J, Gasilina A, Shrestha M, Lin S, Link KA, Chen J, Whitman SP, Bloomfield CD, Nicolet D, Assi SA, Ptasinska A, Heidenreich O, Bonifer C, Kitamura T, Nassar NN, Mulloy JC. UBASH3B/Sts-1-CBL axis regulates myeloid proliferation in human preleukemia induced by AML1-ETO. Leukemia 2015; 30:728-39. [PMID: 26449661 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The t(8;21) rearrangement, which creates the AML1-ETO fusion protein, represents the most common chromosomal translocation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Clinical data suggest that CBL mutations are a frequent event in t(8;21) AML, but the role of CBL in AML1-ETO-induced leukemia has not been investigated. In this study, we demonstrate that CBL mutations collaborate with AML1-ETO to expand human CD34+ cells both in vitro and in a xenograft model. CBL depletion by shRNA also promotes the growth of AML1-ETO cells, demonstrating the inhibitory function of endogenous CBL in t(8;21) AML. Mechanistically, loss of CBL function confers hyper-responsiveness to thrombopoietin and enhances STAT5/AKT/ERK/Src signaling in AML1-ETO cells. Interestingly, we found the protein tyrosine phosphatase UBASH3B/Sts-1, which is known to inhibit CBL function, is upregulated by AML1-ETO through transcriptional and miR-9-mediated regulation. UBASH3B/Sts-1 depletion induces an aberrant pattern of CBL phosphorylation and impairs proliferation in AML1-ETO cells. The growth inhibition caused by UBASH3B/Sts-1 depletion can be rescued by ectopic expression of CBL mutants, suggesting that UBASH3B/Sts-1 supports the growth of AML1-ETO cells partly through modulation of CBL function. Our study reveals a role of CBL in restricting myeloid proliferation of human AML1-ETO-induced leukemia, and identifies UBASH3B/Sts-1 as a potential target for pharmaceutical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Goyama
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J Schibler
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - A Gasilina
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - M Shrestha
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - S Lin
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - K A Link
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - J Chen
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S P Whitman
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - C D Bloomfield
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - D Nicolet
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - S A Assi
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - A Ptasinska
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - O Heidenreich
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - C Bonifer
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - T Kitamura
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N N Nassar
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - J C Mulloy
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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103
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Lee WY, Goh G, Chia J, Boey A, Gunko NV, Bard F. The Ubiquitin Ligase CBLC Maintains the Network Organization of the Golgi Apparatus. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138789. [PMID: 26393512 PMCID: PMC4579092 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus plays a pivotal role in the sorting and post-translational modifications of secreted and membrane proteins. In mammalian cells, the Golgi is organized in stacks of cisternae linked together to form a network with a ribbon shape. Regulation of Golgi ribbon formation is poorly understood. Here we find in an image-based RNAi screen that depletion of the ubiquitin-ligase CBLC induces Golgi fragmentation. Depletions of the close homologues CBL and CBLB do not induce any visible defects. In CBLC-depleted cells, Golgi stacks appear relatively unperturbed at both the light and electron microscopy levels, suggesting that CBLC controls mostly network organization. CBLC partially localizes on Golgi membranes and this localization is enhanced after activation of the SRC kinase. Inhibition of SRC reverts CBLC depletion effects, suggesting interplay between the two. CBLC's regulation of Golgi network requires its ubiquitin ligase activity. However, SRC levels are not significantly affected by CBLC, and CBLC knockdown does not phenocopy SRC activation, suggesting that CBLC's action at the Golgi is not direct downregulation of SRC. Altogether, our results demonstrate a role of CBLC in regulating Golgi ribbon by antagonizing the SRC tyrosine kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Yin Lee
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Germaine Goh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joanne Chia
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adrian Boey
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore, Singapore
- IMB-IMCB Joint Electron Microscopy Suite, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Natalia V. Gunko
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore, Singapore
- IMB-IMCB Joint Electron Microscopy Suite, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Frederic Bard
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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104
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Zhang J, Vakhrusheva O, Bandi SR, Demirel Ö, Kazi JU, Fernandes RG, Jakobi K, Eichler A, Rönnstrand L, Rieger MA, Carpino N, Serve H, Brandts CH. The Phosphatases STS1 and STS2 Regulate Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Fitness. Stem Cell Reports 2015; 5:633-46. [PMID: 26365512 PMCID: PMC4624938 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
FLT3 and c-KIT are crucial regulators of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. We investigated the role of STS1 and STS2 on FLT3 and c-KIT phosphorylation, activity, and function in normal and stress-induced hematopoiesis. STS1/STS2-deficient mice show a profound expansion of multipotent progenitor and lymphoid primed multipotent progenitor cells with elevated colony-forming capacity. Although long-term hematopoietic stem cells are not increased in numbers, lack of STS1 and STS2 significantly promotes long-term repopulation activity, demonstrating a pivotal role of STS1/STS2 in regulating hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell fitness. Biochemical analysis identified STS1/STS2 as direct phosphatases of FLT3 and c-KIT. Loss of STS1/STS2 induces hyperphosphorylation of FLT3, enhances AKT signaling, and confers a strong proliferative advantage. Therefore, our study reveals that STS1 and STS2 may serve as novel pharmaceutical targets to improve hematopoietic recovery after bone marrow transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olesya Vakhrusheva
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Srinivasa Rao Bandi
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Özlem Demirel
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julhash U Kazi
- Division of Translational Cancer Research and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Medicon Village, 22363 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ramona Gomes Fernandes
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Katja Jakobi
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Astrid Eichler
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lars Rönnstrand
- Division of Translational Cancer Research and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Medicon Village, 22363 Lund, Sweden
| | - Michael A Rieger
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nick Carpino
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Hubert Serve
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian H Brandts
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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105
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Tüfekçi Ö, Ören H, Demir Yenigürbüz F, Gözmen S, Karapınar TH, İrken G. Management of Two Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia Patients According to Clinical and Genetic Features. Turk J Haematol 2015; 32:175-9. [PMID: 26316488 PMCID: PMC4451488 DOI: 10.4274/tjh.2014.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is a rare clonal myeloproliferative disorder of childhood. Major progress has been achieved in diagnosis and the understanding of the pathogenesis of JMML by identifying the genetic pathologies that occur in patients. Mutations of RAS, NF1, PTPN11, and CBL are found in approximately 80% of JMML patients. Distinct clinical features have been reported to be associated with specific gene mutations. The advent of genomic studies and recent identification of novel genetic mutations in JMML are important not only in diagnosis but also in the management and prognosis of the disease. Herein, we present 2 patients with JMML harboring different mutations, NRAS and c-CBL, respectively, with distinct clinical features and different therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hale Ören
- Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Hematology, İzmir, Turkey Phone: +90 232 412 61 41 E-mail:
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106
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Novak AJ, Asmann YW, Maurer MJ, Wang C, Slager SL, Hodge LS, Manske M, Price-Troska T, Yang ZZ, Zimmermann MT, Nowakowski GS, Ansell SM, Witzig TE, McPhail E, Ketterling R, Feldman AL, Dogan A, Link BK, Habermann TM, Cerhan JR. Whole-exome analysis reveals novel somatic genomic alterations associated with outcome in immunochemotherapy-treated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Blood Cancer J 2015; 5:e346. [PMID: 26314988 PMCID: PMC4558593 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2015.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Lack of remission or early relapse remains a major clinical issue in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), with 30% of patients failing standard of care. Although clinical factors and molecular signatures can partially predict DLBCL outcome, additional information is needed to identify high-risk patients, particularly biologic factors that might ultimately be amenable to intervention. Using whole-exome sequencing data from 51 newly diagnosed and immunochemotherapy-treated DLBCL patients, we evaluated the association of somatic genomic alterations with patient outcome, defined as failure to achieve event-free survival at 24 months after diagnosis (EFS24). We identified 16 genes with mutations, 374 with copy number gains and 151 with copy number losses that were associated with failure to achieve EFS24 (P<0.05). Except for FOXO1 and CIITA, known driver mutations did not correlate with EFS24. Gene losses were localized to 6q21-6q24.2, and gains to 3q13.12-3q29, 11q23.1-11q23.3 and 19q13.12-19q13.43. Globally, the number of gains was highly associated with poor outcome (P=7.4 × 10−12) and when combined with FOXO1 mutations identified 77% of cases that failed to achieve EFS24. One gene (SLC22A16) at 6q21, a doxorubicin transporter, was lost in 54% of EFS24 failures and our findings suggest it functions as a doxorubicin transporter in DLBCL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Novak
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Y W Asmann
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - M J Maurer
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - C Wang
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - S L Slager
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - L S Hodge
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - M Manske
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Z-Z Yang
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - M T Zimmermann
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - S M Ansell
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - T E Witzig
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - E McPhail
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - R Ketterling
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - A L Feldman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - A Dogan
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hematopathology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - B K Link
- Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - T M Habermann
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - J R Cerhan
- Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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107
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Quantitative analysis reveals how EGFR activation and downregulation are coupled in normal but not in cancer cells. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7999. [PMID: 26264748 PMCID: PMC4538861 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) that occurs when Cbl and Grb2 bind to three phosphotyrosine residues (pY1045, pY1068 and pY1086) on the receptor displays a sharp threshold effect as a function of EGF concentration. Here we use a simple modelling approach together with experiments to show that the establishment of the threshold requires both the multiplicity of binding sites and cooperative binding of Cbl and Grb2 to the EGFR. While the threshold is remarkably robust, a more sophisticated model predicted that it could be modulated as a function of EGFR levels on the cell surface. We confirmed experimentally that the system has evolved to perform optimally at physiological levels of EGFR. As a consequence, this system displays an intrinsic weakness that causes--at the supraphysiological levels of receptor and/or ligand associated with cancer--uncoupling of the mechanisms leading to signalling through phosphorylation and attenuation through ubiquitination.
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108
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Hülsbusch N, Solis GP, Katanaev VL, Stuermer CAO. Reggie-1/Flotillin-2 regulates integrin trafficking and focal adhesion turnover via Rab11a. Eur J Cell Biol 2015; 94:531-45. [PMID: 26299802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Reggies/flotillins are implicated in trafficking of membrane proteins to their target sites and in the regulation of the Rab11a-dependent targeted recycling of E-cadherin to adherens junctions (AJs). Here we demonstrate a function of reggies in focal adhesion (FA) formation and α5- and β1-integrin recycling to FAs. Downregulation of reggie-1 in HeLa and A431 cells by siRNA and shRNA increased the number of FAs, impaired their distribution and modified FA turnover. This was coupled to enhanced focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Rac1 signaling and gain in plasma membrane motility. Wild type and constitutively-active (CA) Rab11a rescued the phenotype (normal number of FAs) whereas dominant-negative (DN) Rab11a mimicked the loss-of-reggie phenotype in control cells. That reggie-1 affects integrin trafficking emerged from the faster loss of internalized antibody-labeled β1-integrin in reggie-deficient cells. Moreover, live imaging using TIRF microscopy revealed vesicles containing reggie-1 and α5- or β1-integrin, trafficking close to the substrate-near membrane and making kiss-and-run contacts with FAs. Thus, reggie-1 in interaction with Rab11a controls Rac1 and FAK activation and coordinates the targeted recycling of α5- and β1-integrins to FAs to regulate FA formation and membrane dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Hülsbusch
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78467 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Gonzalo P Solis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir L Katanaev
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
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109
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Li H, Li T, Fan J, Li T, Fan L, Wang S, Weng X, Han Q, Zhao RC. miR-216a rescues dexamethasone suppression of osteogenesis, promotes osteoblast differentiation and enhances bone formation, by regulating c-Cbl-mediated PI3K/AKT pathway. Cell Death Differ 2015. [PMID: 26206089 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a disease marked by reduced bone mass, leading to an increased risk of fractures or broken bones. Bone formation is mediated by recruiting mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms that regulate MSC differentiation into osteoblasts is of great importance for the development of anabolic therapies for osteoporosis and other bone metabolism-related diseases. microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to have crucial roles in bone development, osteogenic differentiation and osteoporosis pathophysiology. However, to date, only a few miRNAs have been reported to enhance osteogenesis and regulate the suppressive effect of glucocorticoids on osteogenic differentiation. In this study, we discovered that miR-216a, a pancreatic-specific miRNA, was significantly upregulated during osteogenic differentiation in human adipose-derived MSCs (hAMSCs). The expression of miR-216a was positively correlated with the expression of bone formation marker genes in clinical osteoporosis samples. Functional analysis demonstrated that miR-216a can markedly promote osteogenic differentiation of hAMSCs, rescue the suppressive effect of dexamethasone (DEX) on osteogenic differentiation in vitro and enhance bone formation in vivo. c-Cbl, a gene that encodes a RING finger E3 ubiquitin ligase, was identified as a direct target of miR-216a. Downregulation of c-Cbl by short hairpin RNAs can mimic the promotion effects of miR-216a and significantly rescue the suppressive effects of DEX on osteogenesis. Pathway analysis indicated that miR-216a regulation of osteogenic differentiation occurs via the c-Cbl-mediated phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway. The recovery effects of miR-216a on the inhibition of osteogenesis by DEX were attenuated after blocking the PI3K pathway. Thus, our findings suggest that miR-216a may serve as a novel therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and other bone metabolism-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - T Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - J Fan
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - T Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - L Fan
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - S Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - X Weng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Q Han
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - R C Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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110
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Kortüm F, Harms FL, Hennighausen N, Rosenberger G. αPIX Is a Trafficking Regulator that Balances Recycling and Degradation of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132737. [PMID: 26177020 PMCID: PMC4503440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endosomal sorting is an essential control mechanism for signaling through the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). We report here that the guanine nucleotide exchange factor αPIX, which modulates the activity of Rho-GTPases, is a potent bimodal regulator of EGFR trafficking. αPIX interacts with the E3 ubiquitin ligase c-Cbl, an enzyme that attaches ubiquitin to EGFR, thereby labelling this tyrosine kinase receptor for lysosomal degradation. We show that EGF stimulation induces αPIX::c-Cbl complex formation. Simultaneously, αPIX and c-Cbl protein levels decrease, which depends on both αPIX binding to c-Cbl and c-Cbl ubiquitin ligase activity. Through interaction αPIX sequesters c-Cbl from EGFR and this results in reduced EGFR ubiquitination and decreased EGFR degradation upon EGF treatment. However, quantitatively more decisive for cellular EGFR distribution than impaired EGFR degradation is a strong stimulating effect of αPIX on EGFR recycling to the cell surface. This function depends on the GIT binding domain of αPIX but not on interaction with c-Cbl or αPIX exchange activity. In summary, our data demonstrate a previously unappreciated function of αPIX as a strong promoter of EGFR recycling. We suggest that the novel recycling regulator αPIX and the degradation factor c-Cbl closely cooperate in the regulation of EGFR trafficking: uncomplexed αPIX and c-Cbl mediate a positive and a negative feedback on EGFR signaling, respectively; αPIX::c-Cbl complex formation, however, results in mutual inhibition, which may reflect a stable condition in the homeostasis of EGF-induced signal flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Kortüm
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frederike Leonie Harms
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Natascha Hennighausen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Georg Rosenberger
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathways are essential regulators of vertebrate skeletal development. FGF signaling regulates development of the limb bud and formation of the mesenchymal condensation and has key roles in regulating chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, and bone and mineral homeostasis. This review updates our review on FGFs in skeletal development published in Genes & Development in 2002, examines progress made on understanding the functions of the FGF signaling pathway during critical stages of skeletogenesis, and explores the mechanisms by which mutations in FGF signaling molecules cause skeletal malformations in humans. Links between FGF signaling pathways and other interacting pathways that are critical for skeletal development and could be exploited to treat genetic diseases and repair bone are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Pierre J Marie
- UMR-1132, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Hopital Lariboisiere, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France
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112
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Liyasova MS, Ma K, Lipkowitz S. Molecular pathways: cbl proteins in tumorigenesis and antitumor immunity-opportunities for cancer treatment. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:1789-94. [PMID: 25477533 PMCID: PMC4401614 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-2490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Cbl proteins are a family of ubiquitin ligases (E3s) that regulate signaling through many tyrosine kinase-dependent pathways. A predominant function is to negatively regulate receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling by ubiquitination of active RTKs, targeting them for trafficking to the lysosome for degradation. Also, Cbl-mediated ubiquitination can regulate signaling protein function by altered cellular localization of proteins without degradation. In addition to their role as E3s, Cbl proteins play a positive role in signaling by acting as adaptor proteins that can recruit signaling molecules to the active RTKs. Cbl-b, a second family member, negatively regulates the costimulatory pathway of CD8 T cells and also negatively regulates natural killer cell function. The different functions of Cbl proteins and their roles both in the development of cancer and the regulation of immune responses provide multiple therapeutic opportunities. Mutations in Cbl that inactivate the negative E3 function while maintaining the positive adaptor function have been described in approximately 5% of myeloid neoplasms. An improved understanding of how the signaling pathways [e.g., Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt3), PI3K, and signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)] are dysregulated by these mutations in Cbl has helped to identify potential targets for therapy of myeloid neoplasms. Conversely, the loss of Cbl-b leads to increased adaptive and innate antitumor immunity, suggesting that inhibiting Cbl-b may be a means to increase antitumor immunity across a wide variety of tumors. Thus, targeting the pathways regulated by Cbl proteins may provide attractive opportunities for treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya S Liyasova
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ke Ma
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stanley Lipkowitz
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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113
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Wang J, Li L, Jiang H. c-Cbl inhibition: A novel therapeutic approach for attenuating myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury. Int J Cardiol 2015; 186:50-1. [PMID: 25804470 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.03.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jichun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuchang, 430060 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, PR China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuchang, 430060 Wuhan, PR China.
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114
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Shivanna S, Harrold I, Shashar M, Meyer R, Kiang C, Francis J, Zhao Q, Feng H, Edelman ER, Rahimi N, Chitalia VC. The c-Cbl ubiquitin ligase regulates nuclear β-catenin and angiogenesis by its tyrosine phosphorylation mediated through the Wnt signaling pathway. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:12537-46. [PMID: 25784557 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.616623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays important roles in both the tumor-induced angiogenesis and tumorigenesis through the transcriptionally active nuclear β-catenin. Recently, c-Cbl was identified as a unique E3 ubiquitin ligase targeting the active nuclear β-catenin. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms by which c-Cbl regulates ubiquitination and degradation of active β-catenin. Here, we demonstrate that Wnt activation promotes the phosphorylation of c-Cbl at tyrosine 731(Tyr-731), which increases c-Cbl dimerization and binding to β-catenin. Tyr-731 phosphorylation and dimerization mediate c-Cbl nuclear translocation and lead to the degradation of nuclearly active β-catenin in the Wnt-on phase. c-Cbl activation also inhibits expression of the pro-angiogenic Wnt targets, IL-8 and VEGF. Phospho-Tyr-731-inactive mutant c-Cbl (Y731F) enhances and phosphomimetic mutant c-Cbl (Y731E) suppresses angiogenesis in zebrafish. Taken together, we have identified a novel mechanism for the regulation of active nuclear β-catenin by c-Cbl and its critical role in angiogenesis. This mechanism can be further explored to modulate both the pathological angiogenesis and the tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Itrat Harrold
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, and
| | | | - Rosanna Meyer
- the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Chrystelle Kiang
- the Institute of Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, and the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | | | - Qing Zhao
- the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Hui Feng
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, and
| | - Elazer R Edelman
- the Institute of Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, and the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Nader Rahimi
- the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
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115
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Lutz-Nicoladoni C, Wolf D, Sopper S. Modulation of Immune Cell Functions by the E3 Ligase Cbl-b. Front Oncol 2015; 5:58. [PMID: 25815272 PMCID: PMC4356231 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of immunological tolerance is a critical hallmark of the immune system. Several signaling checkpoints necessary to balance activating and inhibitory input to immune cells have been described so far, among which the E3 ligase Cbl-b appears to be a central player. Cbl-b is expressed in all leukocyte subsets and regulates several signaling pathways in T cells, NK cells, B cells, and different types of myeloid cells. In most cases, Cbl-b negatively regulates activation signals through antigen or pattern recognition receptors and co-stimulatory molecules. In line with this function, cblb-deficient immune cells display lower activation thresholds and cblb knockout mice spontaneously develop autoimmunity and are highly susceptible to experimental autoimmunity. Interestingly, genetic association studies link CBLB-polymorphisms with autoimmunity also in humans. Vice versa, the increased activation potential of cblb-deficient cells renders them more potent to fight against malignancies or infections. Accordingly, several reports have shown that cblb knockout mice reject tumors, which mainly depends on cytotoxic T and NK cells. Thus, targeting Cbl-b may be an interesting strategy to enhance anti-cancer immunity. In this review, we summarize the findings on the molecular function of Cbl-b in different cell types and illustrate the potential of Cbl-b as target for immunomodulatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Lutz-Nicoladoni
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical University Innsbruck , Innsbruck , Austria ; Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute , Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Dominik Wolf
- Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Haematology and Rheumatology, University Clinic Bonn (UKB) , Bonn , Germany
| | - Sieghart Sopper
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical University Innsbruck , Innsbruck , Austria ; Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute , Innsbruck , Austria
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116
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Hyakuna N, Muramatsu H, Higa T, Chinen Y, Wang X, Kojima S. Germline mutation of CBL is associated with moyamoya disease in a child with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia and Noonan syndrome-like disorder. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015; 62:542-4. [PMID: 25283271 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Germline mutations in CBL have been identified in patients with Noonan syndrome-like phenotypes, while juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) harbors duplication of a germline CBL, resulting in acquired isodisomy. The association between moyamoya disease and Noonan syndrome carrying a PTPN11 mutation has recently been reported. We present a patient with JMML who developed moyamoya disease and neovascular glaucoma. Our patient exhibited a Noonan syndrome-like phenotype. Genetic analysis revealed acquired isodisomy and a germline heterozygous mutation in CBL. This is a rare case of CBL mutation associated with moyamoya disease. Prolonged RAS pathway signaling may cause disruption of cerebrovascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Hyakuna
- Center of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Hospital of University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
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117
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Noble M, Mayer-Pröschel M, Li Z, Dong T, Cui W, Pröschel C, Ambeskovic I, Dietrich J, Han R, Yang YM, Folts C, Stripay J, Chen HY, Stevens BM. Redox biology in normal cells and cancer: restoring function of the redox/Fyn/c-Cbl pathway in cancer cells offers new approaches to cancer treatment. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 79:300-23. [PMID: 25481740 PMCID: PMC10173888 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.10.860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses a unique discovery path starting with novel findings on redox regulation of precursor cell and signaling pathway function and identification of a new mechanism by which relatively small changes in redox status can control entire signaling networks that regulate self-renewal, differentiation, and survival. The pathway central to this work, the redox/Fyn/c-Cbl (RFC) pathway, converts small increases in oxidative status to pan-activation of the c-Cbl ubiquitin ligase, which controls multiple receptors and other proteins of central importance in precursor cell and cancer cell function. Integration of work on the RFC pathway with attempts to understand how treatment with systemic chemotherapy causes neurological problems led to the discovery that glioblastomas (GBMs) and basal-like breast cancers (BLBCs) inhibit c-Cbl function through altered utilization of the cytoskeletal regulators Cool-1/βpix and Cdc42, respectively. Inhibition of these proteins to restore normal c-Cbl function suppresses cancer cell division, increases sensitivity to chemotherapy, disrupts tumor-initiating cell (TIC) activity in GBMs and BLBCs, controls multiple critical TIC regulators, and also allows targeting of non-TICs. Moreover, these manipulations do not increase chemosensitivity or suppress division of nontransformed cells. Restoration of normal c-Cbl function also allows more effective harnessing of estrogen receptor-α (ERα)-independent activities of tamoxifen to activate the RFC pathway and target ERα-negative cancer cells. Our work thus provides a discovery strategy that reveals mechanisms and therapeutic targets that cannot be deduced by standard genetics analyses, which fail to reveal the metabolic information, isoform shifts, protein activation, protein complexes, and protein degradation critical to our discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Noble
- Department of Biomedical Genetics and University of Rochester Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Margot Mayer-Pröschel
- Department of Biomedical Genetics and University of Rochester Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Zaibo Li
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 410W 10th Avenue, E403 Doan Hall, Columbus, OH 43210-1240, USA.
| | - Tiefei Dong
- University of Michigan Tech Transfer, 1600 Huron Pkwy, 2nd Floor, Building 520, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2590, USA.
| | - Wanchang Cui
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine,10 South Pine Street, MSTF Room 600, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Christoph Pröschel
- Department of Biomedical Genetics and University of Rochester Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Ibro Ambeskovic
- Department of Biomedical Genetics and University of Rochester Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Joerg Dietrich
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Yawkey 9E, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Ruolan Han
- Department of Biomedical Genetics and University of Rochester Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Yin Miranda Yang
- Department of Biomedical Genetics and University of Rochester Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Christopher Folts
- Department of Biomedical Genetics and University of Rochester Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Jennifer Stripay
- Department of Biomedical Genetics and University of Rochester Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Hsing-Yu Chen
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Cell Biology 240 Longwood Avenue Building C1, Room 513B Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Brett M Stevens
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Division of Hematology, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Campus Box F754-AMCA, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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118
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Kadera BE, Toste PA, Wu N, Li L, Nguyen AH, Dawson DW, Donahue TR. Low expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligase CBL confers chemoresistance in human pancreatic cancer and is targeted by epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:157-65. [PMID: 25348515 PMCID: PMC4286535 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-0610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Expression of CBL, an ubiquitin ligase, is decreased in 60% of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) and is associated with shorter overall survival. We sought to determine how low CBL directly contributes to clinically more aggressive PDAC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Human PDACs were stained for CBL, pEGFR, and EGFR. CBL-low was modeled in PDAC cells (Panc-1, L3.6pl, and AsPC-1) via transient transfection (siRNA) or stable knockdown (shRNA). Cell viability and apoptosis were measured by MTT assays and FACS. Immunoblot and a phospho-receptor tyrosine kinase (pRTK) array were used to probe signal transduction. NOD-scid-IL2Rγ(null) mice were subcutaneously implanted with PDAC or PDAC(CBL-low) cells on opposite flanks and treated with gemcitabine ± erlotinib for ≥4 weeks. RESULTS There was an inverse correlation between CBL and pEGFR protein expression in 12 of 15 tumors. CBL knockdown increased PDAC resistance to gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by upregulating pEGFR (Y1068), pERK, and pAKT. A pRTK array of PDAC(CBL-low) cells revealed additional activated tyrosine kinases but all to a much lower magnitude than EGFR. Increased chemoresistance from low CBL was abrogated by the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib both in vitro and in vivo. Erlotinib+gemcitabine-treated PDAC(CBL-low) cells exhibited greater apoptosis by cleaved PARP, caspase-3, and Annexin V/PI. CONCLUSIONS Low CBL causes chemoresistance in PDAC via stress-induced EGFR activation that can be effectively abrogated by EGFR inhibition. These results suggest that dysregulation of ubiquitination is a key mechanism of EGFR hyperactivation in PDAC and that low CBL may define PDAC tumors likely to respond to erlotinib treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian E Kadera
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Paul A Toste
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nanping Wu
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Luyi Li
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Andrew H Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - David W Dawson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Timothy R Donahue
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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119
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Stevens BM, Folts CJ, Cui W, Bardin AL, Walter K, Carson-Walter E, Vescovi A, Noble M. Cool-1-mediated inhibition of c-Cbl modulates multiple critical properties of glioblastomas, including the ability to generate tumors in vivo. Stem Cells 2014; 32:1124-35. [PMID: 24458840 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We discovered that glioblastoma (GBM) cells use Cool-1/β-pix to inhibit normal activation of the c-Cbl ubiquitin ligase via the redox/Fyn/c-Cbl pathway and that c-Cbl inhibition is critical for GBM cell function. Restoring normal c-Cbl activity by Cool-1 knockdown in vitro reduced GBM cell division, almost eliminated generation of adhesion-independent spheroids, reduced the representation of cells expressing antigens thought to identify tumor initiating cells (TICs), reduced levels of several proteins of critical importance in TIC function (such as Notch-1 and Sox2), and increased sensitivity to BCNU (carmustine) and temozolomide (TMZ). In vivo, Cool-1 knockdown greatly suppressed the ability of GBM cells to generate tumors, an outcome that was c-Cbl dependent. In contrast, Cool-1 knockdown did not reduce division or increase BCNU or TMZ sensitivity in primary glial progenitor cells and Cool-1/c-Cbl complexes were not found in normal brain tissue. Our studies provide the first evidence that Cool-1 may be critical in the biology of human tumors, that suppression of c-Cbl by Cool-1 may be critical for generation of at least a subset of GBMs and offer a novel target that appears to be selectively necessary for TIC function and modulates chemoresistance in GBM cells. Targeting such proteins that inhibit c-Cbl offers potentially attractive opportunities for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett M Stevens
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
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120
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Diesenberg K, Beerbaum M, Fink U, Schmieder P, Krauss M. SEPT9 negatively regulates ubiquitin-dependent downregulation of EGFR. J Cell Sci 2014; 128:397-407. [PMID: 25472714 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.162206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Septins constitute a family of GTP-binding proteins that are involved in a variety of biological processes. Several isoforms have been implicated in disease, but the molecular mechanisms underlying pathogenesis are poorly understood. Here, we show that depletion of SEPT9 decreases surface levels of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) by enhancing receptor degradation. We identify a consensus motif within the SEPT9 N-terminal domain that supports its association with the adaptor protein CIN85 (also known as SH3KBP1). We further show CIN85-SEPT9 to be localized exclusively to the plasma membrane, where SEPT9 is recruited to EGF-engaged receptors in a CIN85-dependent manner. Finally, we demonstrate that SEPT9 negatively regulates EGFR degradation by preventing the association of the ubiquitin ligase Cbl with CIN85, resulting in reduced EGFR ubiquitylation. Taken together, these data provide a mechanistic explanation of how SEPT9, though acting exclusively at the plasma membrane, impairs the sorting of EGFRs into the degradative pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Diesenberg
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Monika Beerbaum
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Fink
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Schmieder
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Krauss
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
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121
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Popovic D, Vucic D, Dikic I. Ubiquitination in disease pathogenesis and treatment. Nat Med 2014; 20:1242-53. [PMID: 25375928 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 801] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is crucial for a plethora of physiological processes, including cell survival and differentiation and innate and adaptive immunity. In recent years, considerable progress has been made in the understanding of the molecular action of ubiquitin in signaling pathways and how alterations in the ubiquitin system lead to the development of distinct human diseases. Here we describe the role of ubiquitination in the onset and progression of cancer, metabolic syndromes, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmunity, inflammatory disorders, infection and muscle dystrophies. Moreover, we indicate how current knowledge could be exploited for the development of new clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Popovic
- 1] Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University School of Medicine, University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany. [2] Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University School of Medicine, University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Domagoj Vucic
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ivan Dikic
- 1] Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University School of Medicine, University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany. [2] Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University School of Medicine, University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany. [3] Department of Immunology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
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122
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Seong MW, Park JH, Yoo HM, Yang SW, Oh KH, Ka SH, Park DE, Lee ST, Chung CH. c-Cbl regulates αPix-mediated cell migration and invasion. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 455:153-8. [PMID: 25450678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.10.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
c-Cbl, a RING-type ubiquitin E3 ligase, down-regulates receptor tyrosine kinases, including EGF receptor, and inhibits cell proliferation. Moreover, c-Cbl mutations are frequently found in patients with myeloid neoplasm. Therefore, c-Cbl is known as a tumor suppressor. αPix is expressed only in highly proliferative and mobile cells, including immune cells, and up-regulated in certain invasive tumors, such as glioblastoma multiforme. Here, we showed that c-Cbl serves as an ubiquitin E3 ligase for proteasome-mediated degradation of αPix, but not βPix. Remarkably, the rat C6 and human A172 glioma cells were unable to express c-Cbl, which leads to a dramatic accumulation of αPix. Depletion of αPix by shRNA markedly reduced the ability of the glioma cells to migrate and invade, whereas complementation of shRNA-insensitive αPix promoted it. These results indicate that c-Cbl negatively regulates αPix-mediated cell migration and invasion and the lack of c-Cbl in the C6 and A172 glioma cells is responsible for their malignant behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Woo Seong
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Protein Metabolism, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Ho Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Protein Metabolism, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Min Yoo
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Protein Metabolism, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Wook Yang
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Protein Metabolism, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Hee Oh
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Protein Metabolism, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyeun Ka
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Protein Metabolism, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Eun Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Protein Metabolism, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Tae Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Chin Ha Chung
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Protein Metabolism, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
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123
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Interaction of KSHV with host cell surface receptors and cell entry. Viruses 2014; 6:4024-46. [PMID: 25341665 PMCID: PMC4213576 DOI: 10.3390/v6104024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Revised: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus entry is a complex process characterized by a sequence of events. Since the discovery of KSHV in 1994, tremendous progress has been made in our understanding of KSHV entry into its in vitro target cells. KSHV entry is a complex multistep process involving viral envelope glycoproteins and several cell surface molecules that is utilized by KSHV for its attachment and entry. KSHV has a broad cell tropism and the attachment and receptor engagement on target cells have an important role in determining the cell type-specific mode of entry. KSHV utilizes heparan sulfate, integrins and EphrinA2 molecules as receptors which results in the activation of host cell pre-existing signal pathways that facilitate the subsequent cascade of events resulting in the rapid entry of virus particles, trafficking towards the nucleus followed by viral and host gene expression. KSHV enters human fibroblast cells by dynamin dependant clathrin mediated endocytosis and by dynamin independent macropinocytosis in dermal endothelial cells. Once internalized into endosomes, fusion of the viral envelope with the endosomal membranes in an acidification dependent manner results in the release of capsids which subsequently reaches the nuclear pore vicinity leading to the delivery of viral DNA into the nucleus. In this review, we discuss the principal mechanisms that enable KSHV to interact with the host cell surface receptors as well as the mechanisms that are required to modulate cell signaling machinery for a successful entry.
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124
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Bedside to bench in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia: insights into leukemogenesis from a rare pediatric leukemia. Blood 2014; 124:2487-97. [PMID: 25163700 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-03-300319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is a typically aggressive myeloid neoplasm of childhood that is clinically characterized by overproduction of monocytic cells that can infiltrate organs, including the spleen, liver, gastrointestinal tract, and lung. JMML is categorized as an overlap myelodysplastic syndrome/myeloproliferative neoplasm (MDS/MPN) by the World Health Organization and also shares some clinical and molecular features with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, a similar disease in adults. Although the current standard of care for patients with JMML relies on allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant, relapse is the most frequent cause of treatment failure. Tremendous progress has been made in defining the genomic landscape of JMML. Insights from cancer predisposition syndromes have led to the discovery of nearly 90% of driver mutations in JMML, all of which thus far converge on the Ras signaling pathway. This has improved our ability to accurately diagnose patients, develop molecular markers to measure disease burden, and choose therapeutic agents to test in clinical trials. This review emphasizes recent advances in the field, including mapping of the genomic and epigenome landscape, insights from new and existing disease models, targeted therapeutics, and future directions.
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125
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Wu J, Salva KA, Wood GS. c-CBL E3 ubiquitin ligase is overexpressed in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: its inhibition promotes activation-induced cell death. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 135:861-868. [PMID: 25140833 PMCID: PMC4324119 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sezary syndrome (SS) are two major forms of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) characterized by resistance to apoptosis. A central pathway for T-cell apoptosis is activation-induced cell death (AICD) which is triggered through the T-cell receptor (TCR). This results in upregulation of FAS-ligand (FASL) and subsequent apoptosis through the FAS death receptor pathway. It has been known for more than a decade that TCR signaling is defective in CTCL; however, the underlying mechanism has not been apparent. In this report, we show that the E3 ubiquitin ligase, c-CBL, is over-expressed in CTCL and that its knockdown overcomes defective TCR signaling resulting in phosphorylation of PLCg1, calcium influx, ROS generation, up-regulation of FASL and extrinsic pathway apoptosis in CTCL cells expressing adequate FAS. In CTCL cells with suboptimal FAS expression, FAS can be upregulated epigenetically by derepression of the FAS promoter using methotrexate (MTX) which we showed previously has activity as a DNA methylation inhibitor. Using these combined strategies, FAS-low as well as FAS-high CTCL cells can be killed effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Wu
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin and the Middleton VA Medical Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Katrin A Salva
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin and the Middleton VA Medical Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Gary S Wood
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin and the Middleton VA Medical Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
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Hampton KK, Craven RJ. Pathways driving the endocytosis of mutant and wild-type EGFR in cancer. Oncoscience 2014; 1:504-12. [PMID: 25594057 PMCID: PMC4278327 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) is activated through changes in expression or mutations in a number of tumors and is a driving force in cancer progression. EGFR is targeted by numerous inhibitors, including chimeric antibodies targeting the extracellular domain and small molecule kinase domain inhibitors. The kinase domain inhibitors are particularly active against mutant forms of the receptor, and subsequent mutations drive resistance to the inhibitors. Here, we review recent developments on the trafficking of wild-type and mutant EGFR, focusing on the roles of MIG6, SPRY2, ITSN, SHP2, S2RPGRMC1 and RAK. Some classes of EGFR regulators affect wild-type and mutant EGFR equally, while others are specific for either the wild-type or mutant form of the receptor. Below we summarize multiple signaling-associated pathways that are important in trafficking wild-type and mutant EGFR with the goal being stimulation of new approaches for targeting the distinct forms of the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaia K Hampton
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Rolf J Craven
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
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Chang LC, Lin HY, Tsai MT, Chou RH, Lee FY, Teng CM, Hsieh MT, Hung HY, Huang LJ, Yu YL, Kuo SC. YC-1 inhibits proliferation of breast cancer cells by down-regulating EZH2 expression via activation of c-Cbl and ERK. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:4010-25. [PMID: 24697523 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE YC-1 exhibits potent anticancer activity via numerous actions in many cancer cell lines. Hence, we investigated the in vivo antitumour efficacy of YC-1 in an MDA-MB-468 xenograft model and elucidated the mechanism of down-regulation of enhancer of zeste homology 2 (EZH2) by YC-1 in breast cancer cells. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In YC-1-treated breast cancer cells and tumour specimens from YC-1-treated MDA-MB-468 xenografts, EZH2 expression was analysed by Western blotting. Pharmacological inhibitors and short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown were applied to identify possible signalling pathways involved in EZH2 down-regulation by YC-1. KEY RESULTS YC-1 reduced the viability of breast cancer cells and tumour growth in MDA-MB-468 xenografts. In breast cancer cells, YC-1 down-regulated EZH2 expression in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Depletion of EZH2 reduced the proliferation and susceptibility of breast cancer cells to YC-1-induced apoptosis. EZH2 expression was suppressed in tumour specimens from YC-1-treated MDA-MB-468 xenograft mice. YC-1 enhanced both the degradation rate and ubiquitination of EZH2. The down-regulation of EZH2 by YC-1 was associated with activation of PKA and Src-Raf-ERK-mediated signalling pathways. Furthermore, depletion of Casitas B-lineage lymphoma (c-Cbl), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, abolished YC-1-induced apoptosis and suppression of EZH2. YC-1 rapidly activated c-Cbl to induce signalling associated with ERK and EZH2. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS We discovered that YC-1 induces apoptosis and inhibits tumour growth of breast cancer cells via down-regulation of EZH2 by activating c-Cbl and ERK. These data suggest that YC-1 is a potential anticancer drug candidate for triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Chu Chang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Molfetta R, Quatrini L, Capuano C, Gasparrini F, Zitti B, Zingoni A, Galandrini R, Santoni A, Paolini R. c-Cbl regulates MICA- but not ULBP2-induced NKG2D down-modulation in human NK cells. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:2761-70. [PMID: 24846123 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201444512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The NKG2D activating receptor on human NK cells mediates "altered self" recognition, as its ligands (NKG2DLs) are upregulated on target cells in a variety of stress conditions. Evidence collected in the past years shows that, even though expression of NKG2DLs acts as a danger signal that renders tumor cells susceptible to cytotoxicity, chronic exposure to soluble or membrane-bound NKG2DLs can lead to down-modulation of receptor expression and impairment of NKG2D-mediated cell functions. Here, we evaluated whether different cell-bound NKG2DLs, namely MICA and ULBP2, are equivalently able to induce NKG2D down-modulation on human NK cells. We found that although both ligands reduce NKG2D surface expression, MICA promotes a stronger receptor down-modulation than ULBP2, leading to a severe impairment of NKG2D-dependent NK-cell cytotoxicity. We also provide evidence that the ubiquitin pathway and c-Cbl direct MICA-induced but not ULBP2-induced NKG2D internalization and degradation, thus identifying a molecular mechanism to explain the differential effects of MICA and ULBP2 on NKG2D expression. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms employed by the different NKG2DLs to control NKG2D surface expression could be useful for the development of anti-tumor strategies to restore a normal level of NKG2D receptors on human NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Molfetta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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129
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Rampal R, Levine RL. A primer on genomic and epigenomic alterations in the myeloproliferative neoplasms. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2014; 27:83-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Rafiq K, Kolpakov MA, Seqqat R, Guo J, Guo X, Qi Z, Yu D, Mohapatra B, Zutshi N, An W, Band H, Sanjay A, Houser SR, Sabri A. c-Cbl inhibition improves cardiac function and survival in response to myocardial ischemia. Circulation 2014; 129:2031-43. [PMID: 24583314 PMCID: PMC4045410 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.113.007004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proto-oncogene Casitas b-lineage lymphoma (c-Cbl) is an adaptor protein with an intrinsic E3 ubiquitin ligase activity that targets receptor and nonreceptor tyrosine kinases, resulting in their ubiquitination and downregulation. However, the function of c-Cbl in the control of cardiac function is currently unknown. In this study, we examined the role of c-Cbl in myocyte death and cardiac function after myocardial ischemia. METHODS AND RESULTS We show increased c-Cbl expression in human ischemic and dilated cardiomyopathy hearts and in response to pathological stress stimuli in mice. c-Cbl-deficient mice demonstrated a more robust functional recovery after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and significantly reduced myocyte apoptosis and improved cardiac function. Ubiquitination and downregulation of key survival c-Cbl targets, epidermal growth factor receptors and focal adhesion kinase, were significantly reduced in c-Cbl knockout mice. Inhibition of c-Cbl expression or its ubiquitin ligase activity in cardiac myocytes offered protection against H2O2 stress. Interestingly, c-Cbl deletion reduced the risk of death and increased cardiac functional recovery after chronic myocardial ischemia. This beneficial effect of c-Cbl deletion was associated with enhanced neoangiogenesis and increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-a and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor type 2 in the infarcted region. CONCLUSIONS c-Cbl activation promotes myocyte apoptosis, inhibits angiogenesis, and causes adverse cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction. These findings point to c-Cbl as a potential therapeutic target for the maintenance of cardiac function and remodeling after myocardial ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Rafiq
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (K.R., M.A.K., R.S., J.G., X.G., Z.Q., D.Y., S.R.H., A. Sabri); Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.M., N.Z., W.A., H.B.); and Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington (A. Sanjay)
| | - Mikhail A Kolpakov
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (K.R., M.A.K., R.S., J.G., X.G., Z.Q., D.Y., S.R.H., A. Sabri); Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.M., N.Z., W.A., H.B.); and Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington (A. Sanjay)
| | - Rachid Seqqat
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (K.R., M.A.K., R.S., J.G., X.G., Z.Q., D.Y., S.R.H., A. Sabri); Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.M., N.Z., W.A., H.B.); and Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington (A. Sanjay)
| | - Jianfen Guo
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (K.R., M.A.K., R.S., J.G., X.G., Z.Q., D.Y., S.R.H., A. Sabri); Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.M., N.Z., W.A., H.B.); and Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington (A. Sanjay)
| | - Xinji Guo
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (K.R., M.A.K., R.S., J.G., X.G., Z.Q., D.Y., S.R.H., A. Sabri); Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.M., N.Z., W.A., H.B.); and Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington (A. Sanjay)
| | - Zhao Qi
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (K.R., M.A.K., R.S., J.G., X.G., Z.Q., D.Y., S.R.H., A. Sabri); Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.M., N.Z., W.A., H.B.); and Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington (A. Sanjay)
| | - Daohai Yu
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (K.R., M.A.K., R.S., J.G., X.G., Z.Q., D.Y., S.R.H., A. Sabri); Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.M., N.Z., W.A., H.B.); and Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington (A. Sanjay)
| | - Bhopal Mohapatra
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (K.R., M.A.K., R.S., J.G., X.G., Z.Q., D.Y., S.R.H., A. Sabri); Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.M., N.Z., W.A., H.B.); and Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington (A. Sanjay)
| | - Neha Zutshi
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (K.R., M.A.K., R.S., J.G., X.G., Z.Q., D.Y., S.R.H., A. Sabri); Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.M., N.Z., W.A., H.B.); and Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington (A. Sanjay)
| | - Wei An
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (K.R., M.A.K., R.S., J.G., X.G., Z.Q., D.Y., S.R.H., A. Sabri); Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.M., N.Z., W.A., H.B.); and Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington (A. Sanjay)
| | - Hamid Band
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (K.R., M.A.K., R.S., J.G., X.G., Z.Q., D.Y., S.R.H., A. Sabri); Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.M., N.Z., W.A., H.B.); and Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington (A. Sanjay)
| | - Archana Sanjay
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (K.R., M.A.K., R.S., J.G., X.G., Z.Q., D.Y., S.R.H., A. Sabri); Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.M., N.Z., W.A., H.B.); and Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington (A. Sanjay)
| | - Steven R Houser
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (K.R., M.A.K., R.S., J.G., X.G., Z.Q., D.Y., S.R.H., A. Sabri); Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.M., N.Z., W.A., H.B.); and Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington (A. Sanjay)
| | - Abdelkarim Sabri
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (K.R., M.A.K., R.S., J.G., X.G., Z.Q., D.Y., S.R.H., A. Sabri); Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.M., N.Z., W.A., H.B.); and Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington (A. Sanjay).
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Dieudonne FX, Sévère N, Biosse-Duplan M, Weng JJ, Su Y, Marie PJ. Promotion of osteoblast differentiation in mesenchymal cells through Cbl-mediated control of STAT5 activity. Stem Cells 2014; 31:1340-9. [PMID: 23533197 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The identification of the molecular mechanisms controlling the degradation of regulatory proteins in mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) may provide clues to promote MSC osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration. Ubiquitin ligase-dependent degradation of proteins is an important process governing cell fate. In this study, we investigated the role of the E3 ubiquitin ligase c-Cbl in MSC osteoblast differentiation and identified the mechanisms involved in this effect. Using distinct shRNA targeting c-Cbl, we showed that c-Cbl silencing promotes osteoblast differentiation in murine and human MSC, as demonstrated by increased alkaline phosphatase activity, expression of phenotypic osteoblast marker genes (RUNX2, ALP, type 1 collagen), and matrix mineralization in vitro. Coimmunoprecipitation analyses showed that c-Cbl interacts with the transcription factor STAT5, and that STAT5 forms a complex with RUNX2, a master transcription factor controlling osteoblastogenesis. Silencing c-Cbl decreased c-Cbl-mediated STAT5 ubiquitination, increased STAT5 protein level and phosphorylation, and enhanced STAT5 and RUNX2 transcriptional activity. The expression of insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), a target gene of STAT5, was increased by c-Cbl silencing in MSC and in bone marrow stromal cells isolated from c-Cbl deficient mice, suggesting that IGF-1 contributes to osteoblast differentiation induced by c-Cbl silencing in MSC. Consistent with these findings, pharmacological inhibition of STAT5 activity, or neutralization of IGF-1 activity, abrogated the positive effect of c-Cbl knockdown on MSC osteogenic differentiation. Taken together, the data provide a novel functional mechanism by which the ubiquitin ligase c-Cbl regulates the osteoblastic differentiation program in mesenchymal cells by controlling Cbl-mediated STAT5 degradation and activity.
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132
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He Z, Tian T, Guo D, Wu H, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Wan Q, Zhao H, Wang C, Shen H, Zhao L, Bu X, Wan M, Shen C. Cytoplasmic retention of a nucleocytoplasmic protein TBC1D3 by microtubule network is required for enhanced EGFR signaling. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94134. [PMID: 24714105 PMCID: PMC3979746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The hominoid oncogene TBC1D3 enhances epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling and induces cell transformation. However, little is known regarding its spatio-temporal regulation and mechanism of tumorigenesis. In the current study, we identified the microtubule subunit β-tubulin as a potential interaction partner for TBC1D3 using affinity purification combined with mass spectrometry analysis. The interaction between TBC1D3 and β-tubulin was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. Using the same method, we also revealed that TBC1D3 co-precipitated with endogenous α-tubulin, another subunit of the microtubule. In agreement with these results, microtubule cosedimentation assays showed that TBC1D3 associated with the microtubule network. The β-tubulin-interacting site of TBC1D3 was mapped to amino acids 286∼353 near the C-terminus of the TBC domain. Deletion mutation within these amino acids was shown to abolish the interaction of TBC1D3 with β-tubulin. Interestingly, the deletion mutation caused a complete loss of TBC1D3 from the cytoplasmic filamentous and punctate structures, and TBC1D3 instead appeared in the nucleus. Consistent with this, wild-type TBC1D3 exhibited the same nucleocytoplasmic distribution in cells treated with the microtubule depolymerizing agent nocodazole, suggesting that the microtubule network associates with and retains TBC1D3 in the cytoplasm. We further found that deficiency in β-tubulin-interacting resulted in TBC1D3's inability to inhibit c-Cbl recruitment and EGFR ubiquitination, ultimately leading to dysregulation of EGFR degradation and signaling. Taken together, these studies indicate a novel model by which the microtubule network regulates EGFR stability and signaling through tubulin dimer/oligomer interaction with the nucleocytoplasmic protein TBC1D3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze He
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Guo
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijuan Wu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongchen Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Wan
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Huzi Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Congyang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjing Shen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Bu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiling Wan
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanlu Shen
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Strikoudis A, Guillamot M, Aifantis I. Regulation of stem cell function by protein ubiquitylation. EMBO Rep 2014; 15:365-82. [PMID: 24652853 DOI: 10.1002/embr.201338373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue homeostasis depends largely on the ability to replenish impaired or aged cells. Thus, tissue-resident stem cells need to provide functional progeny throughout the lifetime of an organism. Significant work in the past years has characterized how stem cells integrate signals from their environment to shape regulatory transcriptional networks and chromatin-regulating factors that control stem cell differentiation or maintenance. There is increasing interest in how post-translational modifications, and specifically ubiquitylation, control these crucial decisions. Ubiquitylation modulates the stability and function of important factors that regulate key processes in stem cell behavior. In this review, we analyze the role of ubiquitylation in embryonic stem cells and different adult multipotent stem cell systems and discuss the underlying mechanisms that control the balance between quiescence, self-renewal, and differentiation. We also discuss deregulated processes of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation that lead to the development of tumor-initiating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Strikoudis
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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134
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Kales SC, Nau MM, Merchant AS, Lipkowitz S. Enigma prevents Cbl-c-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of RETMEN2A. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87116. [PMID: 24466333 PMCID: PMC3900716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cbl proteins (Cbl, Cbl-b, and Cbl-c) are a highly conserved family of RING finger ubiquitin ligases (E3s) that function as negative regulators of tyrosine kinases in a wide variety of signal transduction pathways. In this study, we identify a new Cbl-c interacting protein, Enigma (PDLIM7). This interaction is specific to Cbl-c as Enigma fails to bind either of its closely related homologues, Cbl and Cbl-b. The binding between Enigma and Cbl-c is mediated through the LIM domains of Enigma as removal of all three LIM domains abrogates this interaction, while only LIM1 is sufficient for binding. Here we show that Cbl-c binds wild-type and MEN2A isoforms of the receptor tyrosine kinase, RET, and that Cbl-c enhances ubiquitination and degradation of activated RET. Enigma blocks Cbl-c-mediated RETMEN2A ubiquitination and degradation. Cbl-c decreased downstream ERK activation by RETMEN2A and co-expression of Enigma blocked the Cbl-c-mediated decrease in ERK activation. Enigma showed no detectable effect on Cbl-c-mediated ubiquitination of activated EGFR suggesting that this effect is specific to RET. Through mapping studies, we show that Cbl-c and Enigma bind RETMEN2A at different residues. However, binding of Enigma to RETMENA prevents Cbl-c recruitment to RETMEN2A. Consistent with these biochemical data, exploratory analyses of breast cancer patients with high expression of RET suggest that high expression of Cbl-c correlates with a good outcome, and high expression of Enigma correlates with a poor outcome. Together, these data demonstrate that Cbl-c can ubiquitinate and downregulate RETMEN2A and implicate Enigma as a positive regulator of RETMEN2A through blocking of Cbl-mediated ubiquitination and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C. Kales
- Women’s Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marion M. Nau
- Women’s Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Anand S. Merchant
- Center for Cancer Research Bioinformatics Core, Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, SAIC-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Stanley Lipkowitz
- Women’s Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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135
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Walsh AM, Lazzara MJ. Differential parsing of EGFR endocytic flux among parallel internalization pathways in lung cancer cells with EGFR-activating mutations. Integr Biol (Camb) 2014; 6:312-23. [PMID: 24445374 DOI: 10.1039/c3ib40176f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to the existence of parallel pathways for receptor endocytosis and their complexities, a quantitative understanding of receptor endocytosis in normal and pathological settings requires computational analysis. Here, we develop a mechanistic model of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) endocytosis to determine the relative contributions of three parallel pathways: clathrin-dependent internalization mediated by mitogen-inducible gene 6 (MIG6), an endogenous EGFR kinase inhibitor that links EGFR to endocytic proteins; clathrin-dependent internalization mediated by the ubiquitin ligase CBL, which can be sequestered by the regulatory protein Sprouty2; or alternative pathways that may be non-clathrin mediated. We applied the model to interpret our previous measurements of EGFR endocytosis in lung cancer cells. Interestingly, our results suggest that MIG6 is responsible for at least as much wild-type EGFR internalization as CBL, indicating that a significant fraction of internalizing EGFR may be incapable of driving signaling. Model results also suggest that MIG6's endocytic function is reduced for the kinase-activated and internalization-impaired EGFR mutants found in some lung cancers. Analysis of Sprouty2 knockdown data indicates that Sprouty2 regulates EGFR endocytosis primarily by controlling EGFR expression, rather than by sequestering CBL, and supports the notion that CBL-mediated internalization is impaired for EGFR mutants. We further demonstrate that differences in internalization between wild-type and mutant EGFR cannot explain differences in EGF-mediated EGFR degradation without concomitant changes in EGFR recycling, which we previously quantified. This work provides new quantitative insights into EGFR trafficking in lung cancer and provides a framework for studying parallel endocytosis pathways for other receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice M Walsh
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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136
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Okur MN, Russo A, O'Bryan JP. Receptor tyrosine kinase ubiquitylation involves the dynamic regulation of Cbl-Spry2 by intersectin 1 and the Shp2 tyrosine phosphatase. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:271-9. [PMID: 24216759 PMCID: PMC3911288 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00850-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitylation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) regulates their trafficking and lysosomal degradation. The multidomain scaffolding protein intersectin 1 (ITSN1) is an important regulator of this process. ITSN1 stimulates ubiquitylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) through enhancing the activity of the Cbl E3 ubiquitin ligase. However, the precise mechanism through which ITSN1 enhances Cbl activity is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that ITSN1 interacts with and recruits the Shp2 tyrosine phosphatase to Spry2 to enhance its dephosphorylation, thereby disrupting the inhibitory effect of Spry2 on Cbl and enhancing EGFR ubiquitylation. In contrast, expression of a catalytically inactive Shp2 mutant reversed the effect of ITSN1 on Spry2 dephosphorylation and decreased Cbl-mediated EGFR ubiquitylation. In addition, disruption of ITSN1 binding to Spry2 through point mutation of the Pro-rich ITSN1 binding site in Spry2 resulted in decreased Shp2-Spry2 interaction and enhanced Spry2 tyrosine phosphorylation. This study demonstrates that ITSN1 enhances Cbl activity, in part, by modulating the interaction of Cbl with Spry2 through recruitment of Shp2 phosphatase to the Cbl-Spry2 complex. These findings reveal a new level of complexity in the regulation of RTKs by Cbl through ITSN1 binding with Shp2 and Spry2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Nazir Okur
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Angela Russo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - John P. O'Bryan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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137
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HER. Mol Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1017/cbo9781139046947.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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138
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Molecular mechanisms of SH2- and PTB-domain-containing proteins in receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2013; 5:a008987. [PMID: 24296166 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a008987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular signaling is mediated by reversible posttranslational modifications (PTMs) that include phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and acetylation, among others. In response to extracellular stimuli such as growth factors, receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) typically dimerize and initiate signaling through phosphorylation of their cytoplasmic tails and downstream scaffolds. Signaling effectors are recruited to these phosphotyrosine (pTyr) sites primarily through Src homology 2 (SH2) domains and pTyr-binding (PTB) domains. This review describes how these conserved domains specifically recognize pTyr residues and play a major role in mediating precise downstream signaling events.
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140
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Xie X, Sun L, Pessetto ZY, Zhao Y, Zang Z, Zhong L, Wu M, Su Q, Gao X, Zan W, Sun Y. Development of a fluorescence polarization based high-throughput assay to identify Casitas B-lineage lymphoma RING domain regulators. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78042. [PMID: 24205080 PMCID: PMC3814989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The E3 ubiquitin protein ligase Casitas B-lineage Lymphoma (Cbl) proteins and their binding partners play an important role in regulating signal transduction pathways. It is important to utilize regulators to study the protein-protein interactions (PPIs) between these proteins. However, finding specific small-molecule regulators of PPIs remains a significant challenge due to the fact that the interfaces involved in PPIs are not well suited for effective small molecule binding. We report the development of a competitive, homogeneous, high-throughput fluorescence polarization (FP) assay to identify small molecule regulators of Cbl (RING) domain. The FP assay was used to measure binding affinities and inhibition constants of UbCH7 peptides and small molecule regulators of Cbl (RING) domains, respectively. In order to rule out promiscuous, aggregation-based inhibition, two assay conditions were developed and compared side by side. Under optimized conditions, we screened a 10,000 natural compound library in detergent-free and detergent-present (0.01% Triton X-100) systems. The results indicate that the detergent-present system is more suitable for high-throughput screens. Three potential compounds, methylprotodioscin, leonuride and catalpol, have been identified that bind to Cbl (RING) domain and interfere with the Cbl (RING)-UbCH7 protein-protein interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingliang Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lin Sun
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ziyan Yuan Pessetto
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Univerisity of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansasa, United States of America
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhihe Zang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ling Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiurong Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wang Zan
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yiyi Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- * E-mail:
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141
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Klampfl T, Milosevic JD, Puda A, Schönegger A, Bagienski K, Berg T, Harutyunyan AS, Gisslinger B, Rumi E, Malcovati L, Pietra D, Elena C, Della Porta MG, Pieri L, Guglielmelli P, Bock C, Doubek M, Dvorakova D, Suvajdzic N, Tomin D, Tosic N, Racil Z, Steurer M, Pavlovic S, Vannucchi AM, Cazzola M, Gisslinger H, Kralovics R. Complex patterns of chromosome 11 aberrations in myeloid malignancies target CBL, MLL, DDB1 and LMO2. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77819. [PMID: 24147083 PMCID: PMC3797696 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Exome sequencing of primary tumors identifies complex somatic mutation patterns. Assignment of relevance of individual somatic mutations is difficult and poses the next challenge for interpretation of next generation sequencing data. Here we present an approach how exome sequencing in combination with SNP microarray data may identify targets of chromosomal aberrations in myeloid malignancies. The rationale of this approach is that hotspots of chromosomal aberrations might also harbor point mutations in the target genes of deletions, gains or uniparental disomies (UPDs). Chromosome 11 is a frequent target of lesions in myeloid malignancies. Therefore, we studied chromosome 11 in a total of 813 samples from 773 individual patients with different myeloid malignancies by SNP microarrays and complemented the data with exome sequencing in selected cases exhibiting chromosome 11 defects. We found gains, losses and UPDs of chromosome 11 in 52 of the 813 samples (6.4%). Chromosome 11q UPDs frequently associated with mutations of CBL. In one patient the 11qUPD amplified somatic mutations in both CBL and the DNA repair gene DDB1. A duplication within MLL exon 3 was detected in another patient with 11qUPD. We identified several common deleted regions (CDR) on chromosome 11. One of the CDRs associated with de novo acute myeloid leukemia (P=0.013). One patient with a deletion at the LMO2 locus harbored an additional point mutation on the other allele indicating that LMO2 might be a tumor suppressor frequently targeted by 11p deletions. Our chromosome-centered analysis indicates that chromosome 11 contains a number of tumor suppressor genes and that the role of this chromosome in myeloid malignancies is more complex than previously recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Klampfl
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jelena D. Milosevic
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ana Puda
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Schönegger
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaudia Bagienski
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tiina Berg
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ashot S. Harutyunyan
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bettina Gisslinger
- Division of Hematology and Blood Coagulation, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisa Rumi
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Malcovati
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniela Pietra
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Elena
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Giovanni Della Porta
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lisa Pieri
- Section of Hematology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Doubek
- Department of Internal Medicine Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno, Masaryk University Brno, Brno, Czech Republic, Czech Republic
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Dvorakova
- Department of Internal Medicine Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno, Masaryk University Brno, Brno, Czech Republic, Czech Republic
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nada Suvajdzic
- Clinic of Hematology, Clinical Center of Serbia, University of Belgrade, School of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragica Tomin
- Clinic of Hematology, Clinical Center of Serbia, University of Belgrade, School of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Natasa Tosic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zdenek Racil
- Department of Internal Medicine Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno, Masaryk University Brno, Brno, Czech Republic, Czech Republic
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Steurer
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Innsbruck University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sonja Pavlovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Mario Cazzola
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Heinz Gisslinger
- Division of Hematology and Blood Coagulation, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Kralovics
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Hematology and Blood Coagulation, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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142
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Boissier P, Chen J, Huynh-Do U. EphA2 signaling following endocytosis: role of Tiam1. Traffic 2013; 14:1255-71. [PMID: 24112471 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Eph receptors and their membrane-bound ligands, the ephrins, represent a complex subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Eph/ephrin binding can lead to various and opposite cellular behaviors such as adhesion versus repulsion, or cell migration versus cell-adhesion. Recently, Eph endocytosis has been identified as one of the critical steps responsible for such diversity. Eph receptors, as many RTKs, are rapidly endocytosed following ligand-mediated activation and traffic through endocytic compartments prior to degradation. However, it is becoming obvious that endocytosis controls signaling in many different manners. Here we showed that activated EphA2 are degraded in the lysosomes and that about 35% of internalized receptors are recycled back to the plasma membrane. Our study is also the first to demonstrate that EphA2 retains the capacity to signal in endosomes. In particular, activated EphA2 interacted with the Rho family GEF Tiam1 in endosomes. This association led to Tiam1 activation, which in turn increased Rac1 activity and facilitated Eph/ephrin endocytosis. Disrupting Tiam1 function with RNA interference impaired both ephrinA1-dependent Rac1 activation and ephrinA1-induced EphA2 endocytosis. In summary, our findings shed new light on the regulation of EphA2 endocytosis, intracellular trafficking and signal termination and establish Tiam1 as an important modulator of EphA2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pomme Boissier
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Clinical Pharmacology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
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143
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Itzykson R, Fenaux P, Solary E. Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: myelodysplastic or myeloproliferative? Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2013; 26:387-400. [PMID: 24507815 DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a clonal disease of the hematopoietic stem cell that provokes a stable increase in peripheral blood monocyte count. The World Health Organisation classification appropriately underlines that the disease combines dysplastic and proliferative features. The percentage of blast cells in the blood and bone marrow distinguishes CMML-1 from CMML-2. The disease is usually diagnosed after the age of 50, with a strong male predominance. Inconstant and non-specific cytogenetic aberrations have a negative prognostic impact. Recurrent gene mutations affect mainly the TET2, SRSF2, and ASXL1 genes. Median survival is 3 years, with patients dying from progression to AML (20-30%) or from cytopenias. ASXL1 is the only gene whose mutation predicts outcome and can be included within a prognostic score. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is possibly curative but rarely feasible. Hydroxyurea, which is the conventional cytoreductive agent, is used in myeloproliferative forms, and demethylating agents could be efficient in the most aggressive forms of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pierre Fenaux
- Hôpital Avicenne, Service d'hématologie clinique, Paris 13 university, 125 rue de Stalingrad, 93009 Bobigny, France.
| | - Eric Solary
- Inserm UMR 1009, Institut Gustave Roussy, 14 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif cedex, France.
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144
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Drost J, Nonis D, Eich F, Leske O, Damrath E, Brunt ER, Lastres-Becker I, Heumann R, Nowock J, Auburger G. Ataxin-2 modulates the levels of Grb2 and SRC but not ras signaling. J Mol Neurosci 2013; 51:68-81. [PMID: 23335000 PMCID: PMC3739869 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-012-9949-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ataxin-2 (ATXN2) is implicated mainly in mRNA processing. Some ATXN2 associates with receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK), inhibiting their endocytic internalization through interaction of proline-rich domains (PRD) in ATXN2 with SH3 motifs in Src. Gain of function of ATXN2 leads to neuronal atrophy in the diseases spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Conversely, ATXN2 knockout (KO) mice show hypertrophy and insulin resistance. To elucidate the influence of ATXN2 on trophic regulation, we surveyed interactions of ATXN2 with SH3 motifs from numerous proteins and observed a novel interaction with Grb2. Direct binding in glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-down assays and coimmunoprecipitation of the endogenous proteins indicated a physiologically relevant association. In SCA2 patient fibroblasts, Grb2 more than Src protein levels were diminished, with an upregulation of both transcripts suggesting enhanced protein turnover. In KO mouse embryonal fibroblasts (MEF), the protein levels of Grb2 and Src were decreased. ATXN2 absence by itself was insufficient to significantly change Grb2-dependent signaling for endogenous Ras levels, Ras-GTP levels, and kinetics as well as MEK1 phosphorylation, suggesting that other factors compensate for proliferation control. In KO tissue with postmitotic neurons, a significant decrease of Src protein levels is prominent rather than Grb2. ATXN2 mutations modulate the levels of several components of the RTK endocytosis complex and may thus contribute to alter cell proliferation as well as translation and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Drost
- Section Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology, Goethe University Medical School, Building 89, 3rd Floor, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - David Nonis
- Section Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology, Goethe University Medical School, Building 89, 3rd Floor, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Present Address: Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California at San Diego, School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093-0633 USA
| | - Florian Eich
- Section Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology, Goethe University Medical School, Building 89, 3rd Floor, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Oliver Leske
- Department Molecular Neurobiochemistry, Faculty for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraβe 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Ewa Damrath
- Section Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology, Goethe University Medical School, Building 89, 3rd Floor, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ewout R. Brunt
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Isabel Lastres-Becker
- Section Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology, Goethe University Medical School, Building 89, 3rd Floor, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Present Address: Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, and Centro de Investigación en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rolf Heumann
- Department Molecular Neurobiochemistry, Faculty for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraβe 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Joachim Nowock
- Section Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology, Goethe University Medical School, Building 89, 3rd Floor, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Georg Auburger
- Section Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology, Goethe University Medical School, Building 89, 3rd Floor, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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145
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Lee H, Tsygankov AY. Cbl-family proteins as regulators of cytoskeleton-dependent phenomena. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:2285-93. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hojin Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center and Fels Institute for Cancer Research; Temple University School of Medicine; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Alexander Y. Tsygankov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center and Fels Institute for Cancer Research; Temple University School of Medicine; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
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146
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Armbrecht HJ, Siddiqui AM, Green M, Farr SA, Kumar VB, Banks WA, Patrick P, Shah GN, Morley JE. SAMP8 mice have altered hippocampal gene expression in long term potentiation, phosphatidylinositol signaling, and endocytosis pathways. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 35:159-68. [PMID: 23969180 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The senescence-accelerated mouse (SAMP8) strain exhibits decreased learning and memory and increased amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide accumulation at 12 months. To detect differences in gene expression in SAMP8 mice, we used a control mouse that was a 50% cross between SAMP8 and CD-1 mice and which showed no memory deficits (50% SAMs). We then compared gene expression in the hippocampus of 4- and 12-month-old SAMP8 and control mice using Affymetrix gene arrays. At 12 months, but not at 4 months, pathway analysis revealed significant differences in the long term potentiation (6 genes), phosphatidylinositol signaling (6 genes), and endocytosis (10 genes) pathways. The changes in long term potentiation included mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling (N-ras, cAMP responsive element binding protein [CREB], protein phosphatase inhibitor 1) and Ca-dependent signaling (inositol triphosphate [ITP] receptors 1 and 2 and phospholipase C). Changes in phosphatidylinositol signaling genes suggested altered signaling through phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, and Western blotting revealed phosphorylation changes in serine/threonine protein kinase AKT and 70S6K. Changes in the endocytosis pathway involved genes related to clathrin-mediated endocytosis (dynamin and clathrin). Endocytosis is required for receptor recycling, is involved in Aβ metabolism, and is regulated by phosphatidylinositol signaling. In summary, these studies demonstrate altered gene expression in 3 SAMP8 hippocampal pathways associated with memory formation and consolidation. These pathways might provide new therapeutic targets in addition to targeting Aβ metabolism itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey J Armbrecht
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), St Louis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St Louis, MO, USA; Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
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147
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Abstract
While the majority of leukemia cases occur in the absence of any known predisposing factor, there are germline mutations that significantly increase the risk of developing hematopoietic malignancies in childhood. In this review article, we describe a number of these mutations and their clinical features. These predispositions can be broadly classified as those leading to bone marrow failure, those involving tumor suppressor genes, DNA repair defects, immunodeficiencies or other congenital syndromes associated with transient myeloid disorders. While leukemia can develop as a secondary event in the aforementioned syndromes, there are also several syndromes that specifically lead to the development of leukemia as their primary phenotype. Many of the genes discussed in this review can also be somatically mutated in other cancers, highlighting the importance of understanding shared alterations and mechanisms underpinning syndromic and sporadic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Stieglitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California San Francisco, USA
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148
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When ubiquitination meets phosphorylation: a systems biology perspective of EGFR/MAPK signalling. Cell Commun Signal 2013; 11:52. [PMID: 23902637 PMCID: PMC3734146 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-11-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination, the covalent attachment of ubiquitin to target proteins, has emerged as a ubiquitous post-translational modification (PTM) whose function extends far beyond its original role as a tag for protein degradation identified three decades ago. Although sharing parallel properties with phosphorylation, ubiquitination distinguishes itself in important ways. Nevertheless, the interplay and crosstalk between ubiquitination and phosphorylation events have become a recurrent theme in cell signalling regulation. Understanding how these two major PTMs intersect to regulate signal transduction is an important research question. In this review, we first discuss the involvement of ubiquitination in the regulation of the EGF-mediated ERK signalling pathway via the EGF receptor, highlighting the interplay between ubiquitination and phosphorylation in this cancer-implicated system and addressing open questions. The roles of ubiquitination in pathways crosstalking to EGFR/MAPK signalling will then be discussed. In the final part of the review, we demonstrate the rich and versatile dynamics of crosstalk between ubiquitination and phosphorylation by using quantitative modelling and analysis of network motifs commonly observed in cellular processes. We argue that given the overwhelming complexity arising from inter-connected PTMs, a quantitative framework based on systems biology and mathematical modelling is needed to efficiently understand their roles in cell signalling.
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149
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Dutta D, Chakraborty S, Bandyopadhyay C, Valiya Veettil M, Ansari MA, Singh VV, Chandran B. EphrinA2 regulates clathrin mediated KSHV endocytosis in fibroblast cells by coordinating integrin-associated signaling and c-Cbl directed polyubiquitination. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003510. [PMID: 23874206 PMCID: PMC3715429 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) interacts with human dermal endothelial cell surface tyrosine kinase EphrinA2 (EphA2) and integrins (α3β1 and αVβ3) in the lipid raft (LR) region, and EphA2 regulates macropinocytic virus entry by coordinating integrin-c-Cbl associated signaling. In contrast, KSHV enters human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) cells by LR-independent clathrin mediated endocytosis. The present studies conducted to identify the key molecules regulating KSHV entry in HFF cells showed that KSHV induces association with integrins (αVβ5, αVβ3 and α3β1) and EphA2 in non-LR regions early during infection and activates EphA2, which in turn associates with phosphorylated c-Cbl, myosin IIA, FAK, Src, and PI3-K, as well as clathrin and its adaptor AP2 and effector Epsin-15 proteins. EphA2 knockdown significantly reduced these signal inductions, virus internalization and gene expression. c-Cbl knockdown ablated the c-Cbl mediated K63 type polyubiquitination of EphA2 and clathrin association with EphA2 and KSHV. Mutations in EphA2's tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) or sterile alpha motif (SAM) abolished its interaction with c-Cbl. Mutations in tyrosine kinase binding (TKB) or RING finger (RF) domains of c-Cbl resulted in very poor association of c-Cbl with EphA2 and decreased EphA2 polyubiquitination. These studies demonstrated the contributions of these domains in EphA2 and c-Cbl association, EphA2 polyubiquitination and virus-EphA2 internalization. Collectively, these results revealed for the first time that EphA2 influences the tyrosine phosphorylation of clathrin, the role of EphA2 in clathrin mediated endocytosis of a virus, and c-Cbl mediated EphA2 polyubiquitination directing KSHV entry in HFF cells via coordinated signal induction and progression of endocytic events, all of which suggest that targeting EphA2 and c-Cbl could block KSHV entry and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanjan Dutta
- H. M. Bligh Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Sayan Chakraborty
- H. M. Bligh Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Chirosree Bandyopadhyay
- H. M. Bligh Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Mohanan Valiya Veettil
- H. M. Bligh Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Mairaj Ahmed Ansari
- H. M. Bligh Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Vivek Vikram Singh
- H. M. Bligh Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Bala Chandran
- H. M. Bligh Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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150
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Gäbler K, Behrmann I, Haan C. JAK2 mutants (e.g., JAK2V617F) and their importance as drug targets in myeloproliferative neoplasms. JAKSTAT 2013; 2:e25025. [PMID: 24069563 PMCID: PMC3772115 DOI: 10.4161/jkst.25025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) mutant V617F and other JAK mutants are found in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms and leukemias. Due to their involvement in neoplasia and inflammatory disorders, Janus kinases are promising targets for kinase inhibitor therapy. Several small-molecule compounds are evaluated in clinical trials for myelofibrosis, and ruxolitinib (INCB018424, Jakafi®) was the first Janus kinase inhibitor to receive clinical approval. In this review we provide an overview of JAK2V617F signaling and its inhibition by small-molecule kinase inhibitors. In addition, myeloproliferative neoplasms are discussed regarding the role of JAK2V617F and other mutant proteins of possible relevance. We further give an overview about treatment options with special emphasis on possible combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Gäbler
- Signal Transduction Laboratory; Life Sciences Research Unit; University of Luxembourg; Luxembourg
| | - Iris Behrmann
- Signal Transduction Laboratory; Life Sciences Research Unit; University of Luxembourg; Luxembourg
| | - Claude Haan
- Signal Transduction Laboratory; Life Sciences Research Unit; University of Luxembourg; Luxembourg
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