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Qiu L, Zhou S, Li Y, Rui W, Cui P, Zhang C, Yu Y, Wang C, Wang X, Wang J, Jiang P. Silica-Coated Fe 3O 4 Nanoparticles as a Bifunctional Agent for Magnetic Resonance Imaging and ZnII Fluorescent Sensing. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021; 20:15330338211036539. [PMID: 34350798 PMCID: PMC8358497 DOI: 10.1177/15330338211036539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bifunctional magnetic/fluorescent core-shell silica nanospheres (MNPs) encapsulated with the magnetic Fe3O4 core and a derivate of 8-amimoquinoline (N-(quinolin-8-yl)-2-(3-(triethoxysilyl) propylamino) acetamide) (QTEPA) into the shell were synthesized. These functional MNPs were prepared with a modified stöber method and the formed Fe3O4@SiO2-QTEPA core-shell nanocomposites are biocompatible, water-dispersible, and stable. These prepared nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray power diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermoelectric plasma Quad II inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), TG/DTA thermal analyzer (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Further application of the nanoparticles in detecting Zn2+ was confirmed by the fluorescence experiment: the nanosensor shows high selectivity and sensitivity to Zn2+ with a 22-fold fluorescence emission enhancement in the presence of 10 μM Zn2+. Moreover, the transverse relaxivity measurements show that the core-shell MNPs have T2 relaxivity (r2) of 155.05 mM-1 S-1 based on Fe concentration on the 3.0 T scanner, suggesting that the compound can be used as a negative contrast agent for MRI. Further in vivo experiments showed that these MNPs could be used as MRI contrast agent. Therefore, the new nanosensor provides the dual modality of magnetic resonance imaging and optical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Qiu
- School of Pharmacy & School of Medicine, 12412Changzhou University, Changzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Science Standard Medical Testing Co., Ltd, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuwen Zhou
- School of Pharmacy & School of Medicine, 12412Changzhou University, Changzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Pharmacy & School of Medicine, 12412Changzhou University, Changzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Rui
- School of Pharmacy & School of Medicine, 12412Changzhou University, Changzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Cui
- School of Pharmacy & School of Medicine, 12412Changzhou University, Changzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Changli Zhang
- School of Environmental Science, 74587Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongsheng Yu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, 481875Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy & School of Medicine, 12412Changzhou University, Changzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Wang
- The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhao Wang
- School of Pharmacy & School of Medicine, 12412Changzhou University, Changzhou, People's Republic of China.,School of Environmental Science, 74587Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Changzhou Le Sun Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengju Jiang
- School of Pharmacy & School of Medicine, 12412Changzhou University, Changzhou, People's Republic of China
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102
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Nakamura A, Goto Y, Kondo Y, Aoki K. Shedding light on developmental ERK signaling with genetically encoded biosensors. Development 2021; 148:271153. [PMID: 34338283 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway governs cell proliferation, differentiation and migration, and therefore plays key roles in various developmental and regenerative processes. Recent advances in genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors have unveiled hitherto unrecognized ERK activation dynamics in space and time and their functional importance mainly in cultured cells. However, ERK dynamics during embryonic development have still only been visualized in limited numbers of model organisms, and we are far from a sufficient understanding of the roles played by developmental ERK dynamics. In this Review, we first provide an overview of the biosensors used for visualization of ERK activity in live cells. Second, we highlight the applications of the biosensors to developmental studies of model organisms and discuss the current understanding of how ERK dynamics are encoded and decoded for cell fate decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinobu Nakamura
- Division of Quantitative Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Quantitative Biology Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Yuhei Goto
- Division of Quantitative Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Quantitative Biology Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Yohei Kondo
- Division of Quantitative Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Quantitative Biology Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Aoki
- Division of Quantitative Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Quantitative Biology Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,IRCC International Research Collaboration Center, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 4-3-13 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0001, Japan
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103
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Cellular context shapes cyclic nucleotide signaling in neurons through multiple levels of integration. J Neurosci Methods 2021; 362:109305. [PMID: 34343574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular signaling with cyclic nucleotides are ubiquitous signaling pathways, yet the dynamics of these signals profoundly differ in different cell types. Biosensor imaging experiments, by providing direct measurements in intact cellular environment, reveal which receptors are activated by neuromodulators and how the coincidence of different neuromodulators is integrated at various levels in the signaling cascade. Phosphodiesterases appear as one important determinant of cross-talk between different signaling pathways. Finally, analysis of signal dynamics reveal that striatal medium-sized spiny neuron obey a different logic than other brain regions such as cortex, probably in relation with the function of this brain region which efficiently detects transient dopamine.
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104
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Chen Y, Zhong X, Yang X, Zhu S, Jiang Y, Jin C. A mitochondria-targeted fluorescent probe for monitoring endogenous cysteine in living cells and zebrafish. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8198-8201. [PMID: 34304258 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03307g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
At the organelle level, pathogenesis due to abnormal concentrations of cysteine (Cys) is of great significance for the early diagnosis and treatment of related diseases. Generally speaking, organelle localization requires the participation of specific target groups, which increases the difficulty of synthesis. Herein, through simple synthesis, a novel biflavone derivative (BFD) that exhibits excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) was obtained and successfully located in mitochondria without target groups. The probe BFD can distinguish Cys from Hcy and GSH with a rapid response (< 5 s) and showed visual detection for Cys with a large Stokes shift (about 260 nm). Because of its nanomorphology in solution and surface functional groups, the probe BFD can enter the cell smoothly and achieve mitochondrial localization. Owing to its excellent optical performance, the probe BFD was successfully applied to the imaging of endogenous Cys in HeLa cells and zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingshuang Chen
- Nanjing Normal Univ., Jiangsu Collaborat. Innovat. Ctr Biomed. Funct. Mat., Jiangsu Key Lab. Biofunct Mat., Sch. Chem. & Mat. Sci., Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
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105
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Kawai H, Doi T, Ito Y, Kameyama T, Torimoto T, Kashida H, Asanuma H. Perylene-Cy3 FRET System to Analyze Photoactive DNA Structures. Chemistry 2021; 27:12845-12850. [PMID: 34269491 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We report a new Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) system for structural analyses of DNA duplexes using perylene and Cy3 as donor and acceptor, respectively, linked at the termini of a DNA duplex via D-threoninol. Experimentally obtained FRET efficiencies were in good agreement with theoretical values calculated based on canonical B-form DNA. Due to the relatively long Förster radius, this system can be used to analyze large DNA structures, and duplexes containing photo-reactive molecules can be analyzed since perylene can be excited with visible light. The system was used to analyze a DNA duplex containing stilbene, demonstrating that in the region of the stilbene cluster the duplex adopts a ladder-like structure rather than helical one. Upon photodimerization between stilbene residues, FRET efficiencies indicated the reaction does not disturb DNA duplex. This FRET system will be useful for analysis of photoreactions of nucleobases as well as a wide range of nucleic acid structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Kawai
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Doi
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yuka Ito
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kameyama
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Torimoto
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiromu Kashida
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Asanuma
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
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106
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Liu C, Hirakawa H, Katsube T, Fang Y, Tanaka K, Nenoi M, Fujimori A, Wang B. Altered Induction of Reactive Oxygen Species by X-rays in Hematopoietic Cells of C57BL/6-Tg (CAG-EGFP) Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6929. [PMID: 34203224 PMCID: PMC8268547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous work pointed to a critical role of excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in increased radiation hematopoietic death in GFP mice. Meanwhile, enhanced antioxidant capability was not demonstrated in the mouse model of radio-induced adaptive response (RAR) using rescue of radiation hematopoietic death as the endpoint. ROS induction by ex vivo X-irradiation at a dose ranging from 0.1 to 7.5 Gy in the nucleated bone marrow cells was comparatively studied using GFP and wild type (WT) mice. ROS induction was also investigated in the cells collected from mice receiving a priming dose (0.5 Gy) efficient for RAR induction in WT mice. Significantly elevated background and increased induction of ROS in the cells from GFP mice were observed compared to those from WT mice. Markedly lower background and decreased induction of ROS were observed in the cells collected from WT mice but not GFP mice, both receiving the priming dose. GFP overexpression could alter background and induction of ROS by X-irradiation in hematopoietic cells. The results provide a reasonable explanation to the previous study on the fate of cells and mice after X-irradiation and confirm enhanced antioxidant capability in RAR. Investigations involving GFP overexpression should be carefully interpreted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihua Liu
- Molecular and Cellular Radiation Biology Group, Department of Charged Particle Therapy Research, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (C.L.); (H.H.); (Y.F.)
| | - Hirokazu Hirakawa
- Molecular and Cellular Radiation Biology Group, Department of Charged Particle Therapy Research, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (C.L.); (H.H.); (Y.F.)
| | - Takanori Katsube
- Dietary Effects Research Group, Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (T.K.); (K.T.)
| | - Yaqun Fang
- Molecular and Cellular Radiation Biology Group, Department of Charged Particle Therapy Research, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (C.L.); (H.H.); (Y.F.)
| | - Kaoru Tanaka
- Dietary Effects Research Group, Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (T.K.); (K.T.)
| | - Mitsuru Nenoi
- Human Resources Development Center, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan;
| | - Akira Fujimori
- Molecular and Cellular Radiation Biology Group, Department of Charged Particle Therapy Research, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (C.L.); (H.H.); (Y.F.)
| | - Bing Wang
- Dietary Effects Research Group, Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (T.K.); (K.T.)
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107
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Xie VC, Pu J, Metzger BP, Thornton JW, Dickinson BC. Contingency and chance erase necessity in the experimental evolution of ancestral proteins. eLife 2021; 10:67336. [PMID: 34061027 PMCID: PMC8282340 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles of chance, contingency, and necessity in evolution are unresolved because they have never been assessed in a single system or on timescales relevant to historical evolution. We combined ancestral protein reconstruction and a new continuous evolution technology to mutate and select proteins in the B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) family to acquire protein–protein interaction specificities that occurred during animal evolution. By replicating evolutionary trajectories from multiple ancestral proteins, we found that contingency generated over long historical timescales steadily erased necessity and overwhelmed chance as the primary cause of acquired sequence variation; trajectories launched from phylogenetically distant proteins yielded virtually no common mutations, even under strong and identical selection pressures. Chance arose because many sets of mutations could alter specificity at any timepoint; contingency arose because historical substitutions changed these sets. Our results suggest that patterns of variation in BCL-2 sequences – and likely other proteins, too – are idiosyncratic products of a particular and unpredictable course of historical events. One of the most fundamental and unresolved questions in evolutionary biology is whether the outcomes of evolution are predictable. Is the diversity of life we see today the expected result of organisms adapting to their environment throughout history (also known as natural selection) or the product of random chance? Or did chance events early in history shape the paths that evolution could take next, determining the biological forms that emerged under natural selection much later? These questions are hard to study because evolution happened only once, long ago. To overcome this barrier, Xie, Pu, Metzger et al. developed an experimental approach that can evolve reconstructed ancestral proteins that existed deep in the past. Using this method, it is possible to replay evolution multiple times, from various historical starting points, under conditions similar to those that existed long ago. The end products of the evolutionary trajectories can then be compared to determine how predictable evolution actually is. Xie, Pu, Metzger et al. studied proteins belonging to the BCL-2 family, which originated some 800 million years ago. These proteins have diversified greatly over time in both their genetic sequences and their ability to bind to specific partner proteins called co-regulators. Xie, Pu, Metzger et al. synthesized BCL-2 proteins that existed at various times in the past. Each ancestral protein was then allowed to evolve repeatedly under natural selection to acquire the same co-regulator binding functions that evolved during history. At the end of each evolutionary trajectory, the genetic sequence of the resulting BCL-2 proteins was recorded. This revealed that the outcomes of evolution were almost completely unpredictable: trajectories initiated from the same ancestral protein produced proteins with very different sequences, and proteins launched from different ancestral starting points were even more dissimilar. Further experiments identified the mutations in each trajectory that caused changes in coregulator binding. When these mutations were introduced into other ancestral proteins, they did not yield the same change in function. This suggests that early chance events influenced each protein’s evolution in an unpredictable way by opening and closing the paths available to it in the future. This research expands our understanding of evolution on a molecular level whilst providing a new experimental approach for studying evolutionary drivers in more detail. The results suggest that BCL-2 proteins, in all their various forms, are unique products of a particular, unpredictable course of history set in motion by ancient chance events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jinyue Pu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Brian Ph Metzger
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Joseph W Thornton
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Bryan C Dickinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
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108
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Acharyya A, Zhang W, Gai F. Tryptophan as a Template for Development of Visible Fluorescent Amino Acids. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:5458-5465. [PMID: 34029101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c02321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Most biological systems, at both molecular and cellular levels, are intrinsically complex, diverse, and nonfluorescent. Therefore, studying their structures, dynamics, and interactions via fluorescence-based methods requires incorporation of one or multiple external fluorophores that would not significantly affect any native property of the system in question. This requirement necessitates the development of a diverse set of fluorescence reporters that differ in chemical, physical, and photophysical properties. Herein, we offer our perspective on the need for, recent progress in, and future directions of developing tryptophan-based fluorescent amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arusha Acharyya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Feng Gai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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109
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Abstract
Optical imaging probes allow us to detect and uncover the physiological and pathological functions of an analyte of interest at the molecular level in a non-invasive, longitudinal manner. By virtue of simplicity, low cost, high sensitivity, adaptation to automated analysis, capacity for spatially resolved imaging and diverse signal output modes, optical imaging probes have been widely applied in biology, physiology, pharmacology and medicine. To build a reliable and practically/clinically relevant probe, the design process often encompasses multidisciplinary themes, including chemistry, biology and medicine. Within the repertoire of probes, dual-locked systems are particularly interesting as a result of their ability to offer enhanced specificity and multiplex detection. In addition, chemiluminescence is a low-background, excitation-free optical modality and, thus, can be integrated into dual-locked systems, permitting crosstalk-free fluorescent and chemiluminescent detection of two distinct biomarkers. For many researchers, these dual-locked systems remain a 'black box'. Therefore, this Review aims to offer a 'beginner's guide' to such dual-locked systems, providing simple explanations on how they work, what they can do and where they have been applied, in order to help readers develop a deeper understanding of this rich area of research.
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110
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Shen H, Liu L, Yuan Z, Liu Q, Li B, Zhang M, Tang H, Zhang J, Zhao S. Novel cytosensor for accurate detection of circulating tumor cells based on a dual-recognition strategy and BSA@Ag@Ir metallic-organic nanoclusters. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 179:113102. [PMID: 33636502 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, based on a dual-recognition strategy and BSA@Ag@Ir metallic-organic nanoclusters (BSA@Ag@Ir MONs), a highly specific and sensitive cytosensor was developed for detecting circulating tumor cells (CTCs). To amplify current signal, novel BSA@Ag@Ir MONs with outstanding catalytic activity and huge specific surface area were synthesized, and conjugated with hairpin DNA strands as signal probes. Orion carbon black 40 (Ocb40)//AuNPs were firstly used to modify electrode to increase its conductivity and surface area. Moreover, the dual recognition strategy based on DNA proximity effect was designed to improve the specificity of cytosensor. When two capture probes respectively bound to two adjacent membrane markers of target cells, the probes could form the associative toehold through the proximity effect to capture the signal probes. Only CTCs simultaneously expressing two membrane markers could be captured and generate current responses. The developed cytosensor could detect CTCs in the range of 3 - 3 × 106 cells mL-1 with a detection limit of 1 cell mL-1. Notably, the cytosensor could accurately identify CTCs even in whole blood. Therefore, this cytosensor has great potential for application in biological science, biomedical engineering and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Shen
- Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, PR China.
| | - Liyu Liu
- Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, PR China
| | - Zuowei Yuan
- Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, PR China
| | - Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Diagnostics of Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Baiying Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Diagnostics of Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, PR China
| | - Hejun Tang
- Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, PR China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, PR China.
| | - Shiqiao Zhao
- Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, PR China.
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111
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Calvo-Rodriguez M, Kharitonova EK, Bacskai BJ. In vivo brain imaging of mitochondrial Ca 2+ in neurodegenerative diseases with multiphoton microscopy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:118998. [PMID: 33684410 PMCID: PMC8057769 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.118998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are involved in a large number of essential roles related to neuronal function. Ca2+ handling by mitochondria is critical for many of these functions, including energy production and cellular fate. Conversely, mitochondrial Ca2+ mishandling has been related to a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. Investigating mitochondrial Ca2+ dynamics is essential for advancing our understanding of the role of intracellular mitochondrial Ca2+ signals in physiology and pathology. Improved Ca2+ indicators, and the ability to target them to different cells and compartments, have emerged as useful tools for analysis of Ca2+ signals in living organisms. Combined with state-of-the-art techniques such as multiphoton microscopy, they allow for the study of mitochondrial Ca2+ dynamics in vivo in mouse models of the disease. Here, we provide an overview of the Ca2+ transporters/ion channels in mitochondrial membranes, and the involvement of mitochondrial Ca2+ in neurodegenerative diseases followed by a summary of the main tools available to evaluate mitochondrial Ca2+ dynamics in vivo using the aforementioned technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Calvo-Rodriguez
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 114, 16th St, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
| | - Elizabeth K Kharitonova
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 114, 16th St, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Brian J Bacskai
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 114, 16th St, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
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112
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Young NA, Lambert RL, Buch AM, Dahl CL, Harris JD, Barnhart MD, Sitko JC, Jordan Steel J. A Synthetic Biology Approach Using Engineered Bacteria to Detect Perfluoroalkyl Substance (PFAS) Contamination in Water. Mil Med 2021; 186:801-807. [PMID: 33499536 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usaa367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of synthetic compounds used industrially for a wide variety of applications. These PFAS compounds are very stable and persist in the environment. The PFAS contamination is a growing health issue as these compounds have been reported to impact human health and have been detected in both domestic and global water sources. Contaminated water found on military bases poses a potentially serious health concern for active duty military, their families, and the surrounding communities. Previous detection methods for PFAS in contaminated water samples require expensive and time-consuming testing protocols that limit the ability to detect this important global pollutant. The main objective of this work was to develop a novel detection system that utilizes a biological reporter and engineered bacteria as a way to rapidly and efficiently detect PFAS contamination. MATERIALS AND METHODS The United States Air Force Academy International Genetically Engineered Machine team is genetically engineering Rhodococcus jostii strain RHA1 to contain novel DNA sequences composed of a propane 2-monooxygenase alpha (prmA) promoter and monomeric red fluorescent protein (mRFP). The prmA promoter is activated in the presence of PFAS and transcribes the mRFP reporter. RESULTS The recombinant R. jostii containing the prmA promoter and mRFP reporter respond to exposure of PFAS by activating gene expression of the mRFP. At 100 µM of perfluorooctanoic acid, the mRFP expression was increased 3-fold (qRT-PCR). Rhodococcus jostii without exposure to PFAS compounds had no mRFP expression. CONCLUSIONS This novel detection system represents a synthetic biology approach to more efficiently detect PFAS in contaminated samples. With further refinement and modifications, a similar system could be readily deployed in the field around the world to detect this critical pollutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel A Young
- Department of Biology, U.S. Air Force Academy, 2355 Faculty Drive, Colorado Springs, CO 80840, USA
| | - Ryan L Lambert
- Department of Biology, U.S. Air Force Academy, 2355 Faculty Drive, Colorado Springs, CO 80840, USA
| | - Angela M Buch
- Department of Biology, U.S. Air Force Academy, 2355 Faculty Drive, Colorado Springs, CO 80840, USA
| | - Christen L Dahl
- Department of Biology, U.S. Air Force Academy, 2355 Faculty Drive, Colorado Springs, CO 80840, USA
| | - Jackson D Harris
- Department of Biology, U.S. Air Force Academy, 2355 Faculty Drive, Colorado Springs, CO 80840, USA
| | - Michael D Barnhart
- Department of Biology, U.S. Air Force Academy, 2355 Faculty Drive, Colorado Springs, CO 80840, USA
| | - John C Sitko
- Department of Biology, U.S. Air Force Academy, 2355 Faculty Drive, Colorado Springs, CO 80840, USA
| | - James Jordan Steel
- Department of Biology, U.S. Air Force Academy, 2355 Faculty Drive, Colorado Springs, CO 80840, USA
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113
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Bertling E, Blaesse P, Seja P, Kremneva E, Gateva G, Virtanen MA, Summanen M, Spoljaric I, Uvarov P, Blaesse M, Paavilainen VO, Vutskits L, Kaila K, Hotulainen P, Ruusuvuori E. Carbonic anhydrase seven bundles filamentous actin and regulates dendritic spine morphology and density. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e50145. [PMID: 33719157 PMCID: PMC8025036 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular pH is a potent modulator of neuronal functions. By catalyzing (de)hydration of CO2 , intracellular carbonic anhydrase (CAi ) isoforms CA2 and CA7 contribute to neuronal pH buffering and dynamics. The presence of two highly active isoforms in neurons suggests that they may serve isozyme-specific functions unrelated to CO2 -(de)hydration. Here, we show that CA7, unlike CA2, binds to filamentous actin, and its overexpression induces formation of thick actin bundles and membrane protrusions in fibroblasts. In CA7-overexpressing neurons, CA7 is enriched in dendritic spines, which leads to aberrant spine morphology. We identified amino acids unique to CA7 that are required for direct actin interactions, promoting actin filament bundling and spine targeting. Disruption of CA7 expression in neocortical neurons leads to higher spine density due to increased proportion of small spines. Thus, our work demonstrates highly distinct subcellular expression patterns of CA7 and CA2, and a novel, structural role of CA7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enni Bertling
- Neuroscience CenterHiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Minerva Institute for Medical ResearchBiomedicum Helsinki 2UHelsinkiFinland
| | - Peter Blaesse
- Institute of Physiology IWestfälische Wilhelms‐Universität MünsterMünsterGermany
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesMolecular and Integrative Biosciences, and HiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Patricia Seja
- Neuroscience CenterHiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesMolecular and Integrative Biosciences, and HiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | | | | | - Mari A Virtanen
- Neuroscience CenterHiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesMolecular and Integrative Biosciences, and HiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Anesthesiology, PharmacologyIntensive Care and Emergency MedicineUniversity Hospitals of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Milla Summanen
- Neuroscience CenterHiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesMolecular and Integrative Biosciences, and HiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Inkeri Spoljaric
- Neuroscience CenterHiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesMolecular and Integrative Biosciences, and HiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Pavel Uvarov
- Neuroscience CenterHiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesMolecular and Integrative Biosciences, and HiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | | | | | - Laszlo Vutskits
- Department of Anesthesiology, PharmacologyIntensive Care and Emergency MedicineUniversity Hospitals of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Kai Kaila
- Neuroscience CenterHiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesMolecular and Integrative Biosciences, and HiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Pirta Hotulainen
- Neuroscience CenterHiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Minerva Institute for Medical ResearchBiomedicum Helsinki 2UHelsinkiFinland
| | - Eva Ruusuvuori
- Neuroscience CenterHiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesMolecular and Integrative Biosciences, and HiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
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114
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Kaku TS, Lim S. Protein nanoparticles in molecular, cellular, and tissue imaging. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 13:e1714. [PMID: 33821568 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The quest to develop ideal nanoparticles capable of molecular, cellular, and tissue level imaging is ongoing. Since certain imaging probes and nanoparticles face drawbacks such as low aqueous solubility, increased ROS generation leading to DNA damage, apoptosis, and high cellular/organ toxicities, the development of versatile and biocompatible nanocarriers becomes necessary. Protein nanoparticles (PNPs) are one such promising class of nanocarriers that possess most of the desirable properties of an ideal nanocarrier for bioimaging applications. PNPs demonstrate high aqueous solubility, minimal cytotoxicity, and multi-cargo loading capacity. They are also amenable to surface-functionalization, as well as modulation of their hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity. The use of PNPs for bioimaging applications has made rapid advancements in the past two decades. Being comparatively less explored, the field opens up a plethora of opportunities and focus areas to engineer ideal bioimaging protein nanocarriers. The use of PNPs as carriers of their natural ligands as well as other heavy metals and fluorescent probes, along with drug molecules for combined theranostic applications has been reported. In addition, surface functionalization to impart specificity of targeting the PNPs has been shown to reduce nonspecific cellular interactions, thus reducing systemic toxicity. PNPs have been explored for their application in imaging of numerous cancers, cardiovascular diseases as well as imaging of the brain using near infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), X-ray computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), ultrasound (US), and photoacoustic (PA) imaging. This article is categorized under: Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus-Based Structures Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi Sushil Kaku
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Sierin Lim
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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115
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Development of Single-Molecule Electrical Identification Method for Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Signaling Pathway. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11030784. [PMID: 33808592 PMCID: PMC8003578 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is an important research target because it activates protein kinases, and its signaling pathway regulates the passage of ions and molecules inside a cell. To detect the chemical reactions related to the cAMP intracellular signaling pathway, cAMP, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine monophosphate (AMP), and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) should be selectively detected. This study utilized single-molecule quantum measurements of these adenosine family molecules to detect their individual electrical conductance using nanogap devices. As a result, cAMP was electrically detected at the single molecular level, and its signal was successfully discriminated from those of ATP, AMP, and ADP using the developed machine learning method. The discrimination accuracies of a single cAMP signal from AMP, ADP, and ATP were found to be 0.82, 0.70, and 0.72, respectively. These values indicated a 99.9% accuracy when detecting more than ten signals. Based on an analysis of the feature values used for the machine learning analysis, it is suggested that this discrimination was due to the structural difference between the ribose of the phosphate site of cAMP and those of ATP, ADP, and AMP. This method will be of assistance in detecting and understanding the intercellular signaling pathways for small molecular second messengers.
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116
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Zhang H, Tian M, Yang R, He X, Yu X. A general strategy to increase emission shift of two-photon ratiometric pH probes using a reversible intramolecular reaction of spiro-oxazolidine. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 246:119035. [PMID: 33049469 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent pH probes have been served as powerful tools in biological and pathological studies in recent years due to the important roles of pH values in various physiological processes. Although plenty of pH probes have been delivered, development of two-photon ratiometric pH probes with large emission shift for detecting the variation of intracellular pH values is still a greatly challenging task. To address this concern, in this work, we have discovered a general strategy designing pH probes by means of a pH-dependent reversible intramolecular reaction of spiro-oxazolidine which can efficiently change their conjugation length and the electronic effect concurrently. To display the generality of the strategy, we have synthesized six pH probes, and all these probes exhibit short emission in basic conditions and dramatically red-shifted emission in acid environments. The emission shift of the six probes is more than 150 nm and even up to 210 nm, much larger than shift of all commercial and reported pH probes. The chemical sensing mechanism of intramolecular ring opening/closing reaction of spiro-oxazolidine has been confirmed with 1H NMR spectra and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Finally, we have used one of six with one- and two-photon properties to successfully image lysosomal pH changes under confocal and two-photon microscopes in a ratiometric manner. We believed that this spiro-oxazolidine strategy can serve as a general and powerful platform for the design of ideal pH probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huamiao Zhang
- Center of Bio & Micro/Nano Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Minggang Tian
- Center of Bio & Micro/Nano Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Rui Yang
- Center of Bio & Micro/Nano Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Xiuquan He
- Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Yu
- Center of Bio & Micro/Nano Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China.
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117
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Yano S, Tazawa H, Kishimoto H, Kagawa S, Fujiwara T, Hoffman RM. Real-Time Fluorescence Image-Guided Oncolytic Virotherapy for Precise Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E879. [PMID: 33477279 PMCID: PMC7830621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy is one of the most promising, emerging cancer therapeutics. We generated three types of telomerase-specific replication-competent oncolytic adenovirus: OBP-301; a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing adenovirus, OBP-401; and Killer-Red-armed OBP-301. These oncolytic adenoviruses are driven by the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promoter; therefore, they conditionally replicate preferentially in cancer cells. Fluorescence imaging enables visualization of invasion and metastasis in vivo at the subcellular level; including molecular dynamics of cancer cells, resulting in greater precision therapy. In the present review, we focused on fluorescence imaging applications to develop precision targeting for oncolytic virotherapy. Cell-cycle imaging with the fluorescence ubiquitination cell cycle indicator (FUCCI) demonstrated that combination therapy of an oncolytic adenovirus and a cytotoxic agent could precisely target quiescent, chemoresistant cancer stem cells (CSCs) based on decoying the cancer cells to cycle to S-phase by viral treatment, thereby rendering them chemosensitive. Non-invasive fluorescence imaging demonstrated that complete tumor resection with a precise margin, preservation of function, and prevention of distant metastasis, was achieved with fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) with a GFP-reporter adenovirus. A combination of fluorescence imaging and laser ablation using a KillerRed-protein reporter adenovirus resulted in effective photodynamic cancer therapy (PDT). Thus, imaging technology and the designer oncolytic adenoviruses may have clinical potential for precise cancer targeting by indicating the optimal time for administering therapeutic agents; accurate surgical guidance for complete resection of tumors; and precise targeted cancer-specific photosensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Yano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (H.T.); (H.K.); (S.K.); (T.F.)
- Center for Graduate Medical Education, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tazawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (H.T.); (H.K.); (S.K.); (T.F.)
- Center of Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kishimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (H.T.); (H.K.); (S.K.); (T.F.)
| | - Shunsuke Kagawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (H.T.); (H.K.); (S.K.); (T.F.)
- Minimally Invasive Therapy Center, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Toshiyoshi Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (H.T.); (H.K.); (S.K.); (T.F.)
| | - Robert M. Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA 92111, USA;
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
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118
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Abstract
Fluorescence microscopy is advantageous for investigating biological processes and mechanisms in living cells. One of the most important considerations when designing an experiment is the selection of an appropriate fluorescent probe. Equally important is deciding how the probe will be attached to the protein of interest. The advantages and disadvantages of different fluorescent probe types and their respective labeling methods are discussed to provide an overview on selecting appropriate fluorophores and labeling systems for fluorescence-based assays. Protocols are outlined when appropriate.
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119
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Golbedaghi R, Justino LL, Bahrampour M, Fausto R. A novel fluorescent chemosensor for Cu2+ ion based on a new hexadentate ligand receptor: X-ray single crystal of the perchlorate salt of the ligand, ion selectivity assays and TD-DFT study. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.120061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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120
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Optogenetic Imaging of Protein Activity Using Two-Photon Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1293:295-308. [PMID: 33398821 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-8763-4_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal dynamics of cellular proteins, including protein-protein interactions and conformational changes, is essential for understanding cellular functions such as synaptic plasticity, cell motility, and cell division. One of the best ways to understand the mechanisms of signal transduction is to visualize protein activity with high spatiotemporal resolution in living cells within tissues. Optogenetic probes such as fluorescent proteins, in combination with Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) techniques, enable the measurement of protein-protein interactions and conformational changes in response to signaling events in living cells. Of the various FRET detection systems, two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (2pFLIM) is one of the methods best suited to monitoring FRET in subcellular compartments of living cells located deep within tissues, such as brain slices. This review will introduce the principle of 2pFLIM-FRET and the use of chromoproteins for imaging intracellular protein activities and protein-protein interactions. Also, we will discuss two examples of 2pFLIM-FRET application: imaging actin polymerization in synapses of hippocampal neurons in brain sections and detecting small GTPase Cdc42 activity in astrocytes.
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121
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Shen H, Liu L, Yuan Z, Liu Q, Li B, Zhang M, Tang H, Zhang J, Zhao S. WITHDRAWN: Novel cytosensor for accurate detection of circulating tumor cells based on a dual-recognition strategy and BSA@Ag@Ir metallic-organic nanoclusters. Biosens Bioelectron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.112991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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122
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Lee J, Schwarz KJ, Yu H, Krüger A, Anslyn EV, Ellington AD, Moore JS, Jewett MC. Ribosome-mediated incorporation of fluorescent amino acids into peptides in vitro. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2661-2664. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07740b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We expand the substrate scope of ribosome-mediated incorporation to α-amino acids with a variety of fluorescent groups on the sidechain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joongoo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Synthetic Biology
- Northwestern University
- Evanston
- USA
| | - Kevin J. Schwarz
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Urbana
- USA
| | - Hao Yu
- Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Urbana
- USA
| | - Antje Krüger
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Synthetic Biology
- Northwestern University
- Evanston
- USA
| | - Eric V. Anslyn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
- USA
| | - Andrew D. Ellington
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology
- University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
- USA
| | - Jeffrey S. Moore
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Urbana
- USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology
| | - Michael C. Jewett
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Synthetic Biology
- Northwestern University
- Evanston
- USA
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123
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Yang L, Chen X, Ma P, Jin D, Zhou J, He H, Cheng Z, Lin J. Upconversion nanoparticles coated with molecularly imprinted polymers for specific sensing. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:17200-17206. [PMID: 33200757 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03555f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of fluorescent sensors based on lanthanide-doped luminescent nanoparticles has increased their application in biomarker detection. Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have been explored as one of the most promising sensors owing to their merits such as excellent photostability, zero background auto-fluorescence, and reduced side effects of near-infrared triggered treatments. However, traditional upconversion luminescence assay based on direct Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) between the target molecules and surface of UCNPs encounters low detection accuracy due to superficial adsorption interactions. In this work, we use a molecularly imprinting technique to achieve the specific interaction between UCNPs and molecules for accurate sensing. We demonstrate this by synthesizing a nanostructure with a molecularly imprinted polymer at the surface of UCNPs, in which the imprinted cavities can specifically capture the target molecule of rhodamine B. The upconversion signal changes in relation to the molecule concentration due to FRET. Quantitative analysis shows that the fluorescence-quenching rate is consistent with the Stern-Volmer equation, resulting in a limit of detection of 6.27 μg mL-1. Our fluorescence sensing approach integrates the advantages of both nonlinear upconversion and molecular imprinting technologies, showing great potential for the detection of specific molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.
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124
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Logviniuk D, Fridman M. Serum Prevents Interactions between Antimicrobial Amphiphilic Aminoglycosides and Plasma Membranes. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:3212-3223. [PMID: 33174428 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial cationic amphiphiles have broad-spectrum activity, and microbes do not readily develop resistance to these agents, highlighting their clinical and industrial potential. Cationic amphiphiles perturb the integrity of membranes leading to cell death, and the lack of discrimination between microbial and mammalian plasma membranes is thought to be one of the main barriers of using these agents for the treatment of systemic infections. Here, we describe the synthesis and study of 20 antimicrobial cationic amphiphiles that are derivatives of the aminoglycoside nebramine with different numbers of alkyl chain ethers that differ in length and degree of unsaturation. We determined antifungal activities and evaluated hemoglobin release from red blood cells as a measure of membrane selectivity and analyzed how serum influences these activities. Microscopic images revealed morphological transformations of red blood cells from the normal double-disc shape to empty ghost cells upon treatment with the cationic amphiphiles. Antifungal activity, hemolysis, and morphological changes in red blood cells decreased as the percentage of serum in the culture medium was increased. In images of red blood cells treated with fluorescently labeled amphiphilic nebramine probes, the accumulation of the cationic amphiphiles in the membranes decreased as serum concentration increased. This suggests that, in addition to its known effect of preventing the deformability of red blood cells, serum prevents interactions between cationic amphiphiles and the plasma membrane. The results of this study indicate that biological activities of cationic amphiphiles are abrogated in serum. Thus, these agents are suitable for external and industrial uses but probably not for effective treatment of systemic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Logviniuk
- School of Chemistry, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Micha Fridman
- School of Chemistry, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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125
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Liput DJ, Nguyen TA, Augustin SM, Lee JO, Vogel SS. A Guide to Fluorescence Lifetime Microscopy and Förster's Resonance Energy Transfer in Neuroscience. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 94:e108. [PMID: 33232577 PMCID: PMC8274369 DOI: 10.1002/cpns.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence lifetime microscopy (FLIM) and Förster's resonance energy transfer (FRET) are advanced optical tools that neuroscientists can employ to interrogate the structure and function of complex biological systems in vitro and in vivo using light. In neurobiology they are primarily used to study protein-protein interactions, to study conformational changes in protein complexes, and to monitor genetically encoded FRET-based biosensors. These methods are ideally suited to optically monitor changes in neurons that are triggered optogenetically. Utilization of this technique by neuroscientists has been limited, since a broad understanding of FLIM and FRET requires familiarity with the interactions of light and matter on a quantum mechanical level, and because the ultra-fast instrumentation used to measure fluorescent lifetimes and resonance energy transfer are more at home in a physics lab than in a biology lab. In this overview, we aim to help neuroscientists overcome these obstacles and thus feel more comfortable with the FLIM-FRET method. Our goal is to aid researchers in the neuroscience community to achieve a better understanding of the fundamentals of FLIM-FRET and encourage them to fully leverage its powerful ability as a research tool. Published 2020. U.S. Government.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Liput
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Tuan A. Nguyen
- Laboratory of Biophotonics and Quantum Biology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Shana M. Augustin
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Jeong Oen Lee
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Steven S. Vogel
- Laboratory of Biophotonics and Quantum Biology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
- Corresponding author:
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126
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Krishnan Y, Zou J, Jani MS. Quantitative Imaging of Biochemistry in Situ and at the Nanoscale. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:1938-1954. [PMID: 33274271 PMCID: PMC7706076 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c01076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical reactions in eukaryotic cells occur in subcellular, membrane-bound compartments called organelles. Each kind of organelle is characterized by a unique lumenal chemical composition whose stringent regulation is vital to proper organelle function. Disruption of the lumenal ionic content of organelles is inextricably linked to disease. Despite their vital roles in cellular homeostasis, there are large gaps in our knowledge of organellar chemical composition largely from a lack of suitable probes. In this Outlook, we describe how, using organelle-targeted ratiometric probes, one can quantitatively image the lumenal chemical composition and biochemical activity inside organelles. We discuss how excellent fluorescent detection chemistries applied largely to the cytosol may be expanded to study organelles by chemical imaging at subcellular resolution in live cells. DNA-based reporters are a new and versatile platform to enable such approaches because the resultant probes have precise ratiometry and accurate subcellular targeting and are able to map multiple chemicals simultaneously. Quantitatively mapping lumenal ions and biochemical activity can drive the discovery of new biology and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Junyi Zou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Grossman Institute of Neuroscience,
Quantitative Biology and Human Behavior, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Maulik S. Jani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Grossman Institute of Neuroscience,
Quantitative Biology and Human Behavior, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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127
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O’Hagan S, Kell DB. Structural Similarities between Some Common Fluorophores Used in Biology, Marketed Drugs, Endogenous Metabolites, and Natural Products. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E582. [PMID: 33238416 PMCID: PMC7700180 DOI: 10.3390/md18110582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that at least some fluorophores can act as 'surrogate' substrates for solute carriers (SLCs) involved in pharmaceutical drug uptake, and this promiscuity is taken to reflect at least a certain structural similarity. As part of a comprehensive study seeking the 'natural' substrates of 'orphan' transporters that also serve to take up pharmaceutical drugs into cells, we have noted that many drugs bear structural similarities to natural products. A cursory inspection of common fluorophores indicates that they too are surprisingly 'drug-like', and they also enter at least some cells. Some are also known to be substrates of efflux transporters. Consequently, we sought to assess the structural similarity of common fluorophores to marketed drugs, endogenous mammalian metabolites, and natural products. We used a set of some 150 fluorophores along with standard fingerprinting methods and the Tanimoto similarity metric. Results: The great majority of fluorophores tested exhibited significant similarity (Tanimoto similarity > 0.75) to at least one drug, as judged via descriptor properties (especially their aromaticity, for identifiable reasons that we explain), by molecular fingerprints, by visual inspection, and via the "quantitative estimate of drug likeness" technique. It is concluded that this set of fluorophores does overlap with a significant part of both the drug space and natural products space. Consequently, fluorophores do indeed offer a much wider opportunity than had possibly been realised to be used as surrogate uptake molecules in the competitive or trans-stimulation assay of membrane transporter activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve O’Hagan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK;
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess St, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Douglas B. Kell
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Molecular, Integrative and Systems Biology, Biosciences Building, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Building 220, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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128
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Cambré A, Aertsen A. Bacterial Vivisection: How Fluorescence-Based Imaging Techniques Shed a Light on the Inner Workings of Bacteria. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2020; 84:e00008-20. [PMID: 33115939 PMCID: PMC7599038 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00008-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise in fluorescence-based imaging techniques over the past 3 decades has improved the ability of researchers to scrutinize live cell biology at increased spatial and temporal resolution. In microbiology, these real-time vivisections structurally changed the view on the bacterial cell away from the "watery bag of enzymes" paradigm toward the perspective that these organisms are as complex as their eukaryotic counterparts. Capitalizing on the enormous potential of (time-lapse) fluorescence microscopy and the ever-extending pallet of corresponding probes, initial breakthroughs were made in unraveling the localization of proteins and monitoring real-time gene expression. However, later it became clear that the potential of this technique extends much further, paving the way for a focus-shift from observing single events within bacterial cells or populations to obtaining a more global picture at the intra- and intercellular level. In this review, we outline the current state of the art in fluorescence-based vivisection of bacteria and provide an overview of important case studies to exemplify how to use or combine different strategies to gain detailed information on the cell's physiology. The manuscript therefore consists of two separate (but interconnected) parts that can be read and consulted individually. The first part focuses on the fluorescent probe pallet and provides a perspective on modern methodologies for microscopy using these tools. The second section of the review takes the reader on a tour through the bacterial cell from cytoplasm to outer shell, describing strategies and methods to highlight architectural features and overall dynamics within cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Cambré
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Abram Aertsen
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Leuven, Belgium
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129
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Li HZ, Zhang D, Yang K, An XL, Pu Q, Lin SM, Su JQ, Cui L. Phenotypic Tracking of Antibiotic Resistance Spread via Transformation from Environment to Clinic by Reverse D 2O Single-Cell Raman Probing. Anal Chem 2020; 92:15472-15479. [PMID: 33169970 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The rapid spread of antibiotic resistance threatens our fight against bacterial infections. Environments are an abundant reservoir of potentially transferable resistance to pathogens. However, the trajectory of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) spreading from environment to clinic and the associated risk remain poorly understood. Here, single-cell Raman spectroscopy combined with reverse D2O labeling (Raman-rD2O) was developed as a sensitive and rapid phenotypic tool to track the spread of plasmid-borne ARGs from soil to clinical bacteria via transformation. Based on the activity of bacteria in assimilating H to substitute prelabeled D under antibiotic treatment, Raman-rD2O sensitively discerned a small minority of phenotypically resistant transformants from a large pool of recipient cells. Its single-cell level detection greatly facilitated the direct calculation of spread efficiency. Raman-rD2O was further employed to study the transfer of complex soil resistant plasmids to pathogenic bacteria. Soil plasmid ARG-dependent transformability against five clinically relevant antibiotics was revealed and used to assess the spreading risk of different soil ARGs, i.e., ampicillin > cefradine and ciprofloxacin > meropenem and vancomycin. The developed single-cell phenotypic method can track the fate and risk of environmental ARGs to pathogenic bacteria and may guide developing new strategies to prevent the spread of high-risk ARGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Zhe Li
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - DanDan Zhang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin-Li An
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Qiang Pu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shao-Min Lin
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.,College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Su
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Li Cui
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
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130
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Jaber QZ, Bibi M, Ksiezopolska E, Gabaldon T, Berman J, Fridman M. Elevated Vacuolar Uptake of Fluorescently Labeled Antifungal Drug Caspofungin Predicts Echinocandin Resistance in Pathogenic Yeast. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:1698-1712. [PMID: 33145409 PMCID: PMC7596861 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Echinocandins are the newest class of antifungal drugs in clinical use. These agents inhibit β-glucan synthase, which catalyzes the synthesis of β-glucan, an essential component of the fungal cell wall, and have a high clinical efficacy and low toxicity. Echinocandin resistance is largely due to mutations in the gene encoding β-glucan synthase, but the mode of action is not fully understood. We developed fluorescent probes based on caspofungin, the first clinically approved echinocandin, and studied their cellular biology in Candida species, the most common cause of human fungal infections worldwide. Fluorescently labeled caspofungin probes, like the unlabeled drug, were most effective against metabolically active cells. The probes rapidly accumulated in Candida vacuoles, as shown by colocalization with vacuolar proteins and vacuole-specific stains. The uptake of fluorescent caspofungin is facilitated by endocytosis: The labeled drug formed vesicles similar to fluorescently labeled endocytic vesicles, the vacuolar accumulation of fluorescent caspofungin was energy-dependent, and inhibitors of endocytosis reduced its uptake. In a panel comprised of isogenic Candida strains carrying different β-glucan synthase mutations as well as clinical isolates, resistance correlated with increased fluorescent drug uptake into vacuoles. Fluorescent drug uptake also associated with elevated levels of chitin, a sugar polymer that increases cell-wall rigidity. Monitoring the intracellular uptake of fluorescent caspofungin provides a rapid and simple assay that can enable the prediction of echinocandin resistance, which is useful for research applications as well as for selecting the appropriate drugs for treatments of invasive fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qais Z. Jaber
- School
of Chemistry, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Maayan Bibi
- School
of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George Wise Faculty of
Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ewa Ksiezopolska
- Barcelona
Supercomputing Centre (BSC−CNS) Jordi Girona, 29, Barcelona 08034, Spain
- Institute
for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona
Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Toni Gabaldon
- Barcelona
Supercomputing Centre (BSC−CNS) Jordi Girona, 29, Barcelona 08034, Spain
- Institute
for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona
Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Catalan
Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Passeig de Lluís Companys, 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Judith Berman
- School
of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George Wise Faculty of
Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Micha Fridman
- School
of Chemistry, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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131
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Effect of ytterbium amount on LaNbO 4:Tm 3+,Yb 3+ nanoparticles for bio-labelling applications. Adv Med Sci 2020; 65:324-331. [PMID: 32563181 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This work investigates how Yb3+ concentration affects the luminescent properties of LaNbO4 nanoparticles for medical imaging applications. Due to the highly transparent optical window for organic tissues in the near infrared region (650-1000 nm), upconversion fluorescence allows near infrared wavelengths to penetrate deeply into tissues, which is useful in biomedical areas such as biodetection, activated phototherapy, and screening. MATERIALS/METHOD Upconversion nanoparticles based on LaNbO4 doped with Tm3+ and Yb3+ were prepared by the one-step industrial process called Spray Pyrolysis. Samples with different Tm3+:Yb3+ molar ratios (1:4, 1:8 and 1:16) were obtained. RESULTS The X-ray powder diffractograms of all the samples displayed the typical peaks of a crystalline material (tetragonal phase). Emission bands emerged in the blue, red, and near infrared regions, and they corresponded to the Tm3+1G4 → 3H6 (475 nm), 1G4 → 3F4 (650 nm), 3F2,3 → 3H6 (690 nm), and 3H4 → 3H6 (803 nm) transitions, which indicated a two-photon absorption process. As for bio-labelling application, the results indicated that Yb3+ concentration was directly related to signal intensity. CONCLUSIONS The intensity of positive conversion emissions depends directly on Yb3+ concentration. The bio-labelling tests pointed to the potential application of these materials. The sample containing the highest amount of Yb3+ provided better results and was easier to detect than the standard sample.
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132
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Tang W, Gao H, Li J, Wang X, Zhou Z, Gai L, Feng XJ, Tian J, Lu H, Guo Z. A General Strategy for the Construction of NIR-emitting Si-rhodamines and Their Application for Mitochondrial Temperature Visualization. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:2724-2730. [PMID: 32666700 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Si-rhodamine (SiR) is an ideal fluorophore because it possesses bright emission in the NIR region and can be implemented flexibly in living cells. Currently, several promising approaches for synthesizing SiR are being developed. However, challenges remain in the construction of SiR containing functional groups for bioimaging application. Herein, we introduce a general and simple approach by a condensation reaction of diarylsilylether and arylaldehyde in o-dichlorobenzene to synthesize a series of SiRs bearing various functional substituents. These SiRs have moderate to high quantum efficiency, tolerance to photobleaching, and high water solubility as well as NIR emitting, and their NIR fluorescence properties can be controlled through the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) mechanism. Fluorescence OFF-ON switching effect is observed for SiR 9 in the presence of acid, which is rationalized by DFT/TDDFT calculations. Moreover, reversible stimuli response toward temperature is achieved. Since positive charge enables mitochondrial targeting ability and chloromethyl unit can covalently immobilize the dyes onto the mitochondrial via click reaction between the benzyl choride and protein sulfhydryls, SiR 8 is identified as a valuable fluorescent marker to visualize the morphology and monitor the temperature change of mitochondria with high photostability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Tang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Han Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Xianhui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Zhikuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Lizhi Gai
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Xin Jiang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Jiangwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, P. R. China
| | - Hua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Zijian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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133
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Soleja N, Irfan, Mohsin M. Ratiometric imaging of flux dynamics of cobalt with an optical sensor. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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134
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Shen H, Deng W, He Y, Li X, Song J, Liu R, Liu H, Yang G, Li L. Ultrasensitive aptasensor for isolation and detection of circulating tumor cells based on CeO 2@Ir nanorods and DNA walker. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 168:112516. [PMID: 32890929 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, based on dual signal amplification by CeO2@Ir nanorods (Ce@IrNRs) and enzyme-free DNA walker, a novel electrochemical aptasensor was developed for simultaneous isolation and detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). A membrane protein MUC1-targeting aptamer was used to specifically recognize and capture MCF-7 cells. Uracil DNA glycosylase could hydrolyze deoxyuracils of the aptamer to isolate the captured cells. Novel Ce@IrNRs with large surface area and high peroxidase activity were synthesized to amplify the signal, and the enzyme-free DNA walker was applied to release more signal probes combined with Ce@IrNRs. Furthermore, to reduce steric hindrance by cells, the signal probes rather than the target cells, were directly combined with the electrode. The aptasensor could detect CTCs in the range of 2 to 2 × 106 cells mL-1 with a limit of detection 1 cell mL-1. The developed aptasensor, which can simultaneously isolate and detect CTCs, has great application potential in the early monitoring of tumor metastasis and in individualized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Diagnostics of Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Wuquan Deng
- Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yirui He
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University and Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Xinrun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University and Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Jinlin Song
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University and Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, MS 39216-4505, USA
| | - Gangyi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University and Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Ling Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Diagnostics of Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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135
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Ma Z, Li J, Lin K, Ramachandran M, Li M, Li Y. Heterocyclic N-Oxides as Small-Molecule Fluorogenic Scaffolds: Rational Design and Applications of Their "On-Off" Fluorescence. Anal Chem 2020; 92:12282-12289. [PMID: 32790290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Small-molecule fluorescent probes are powerful tools in chemical analysis and biological imaging. However, as the foundation of probe design, the meager existing set of core fluorophores have largely limited the diversity of current probes. Consequently, there is a high demand to discover fluorophores with new scaffolds and optimize the existing fluorophores. Here, we put forward a facile strategy of heterocyclic N-oxidation to address these challenges. The introduced N-O bond reconstructs the electron "push-pull" system of heterocyclic scaffolds and dramatically improves their photophysical properties by red-shifting the spectra and increasing the Stokes shift. Meanwhile, the heterocyclic N-O bond also enables a function of the fluorescence switch. It can turn on the fluorescence of pyridine and increase the fluorescence of quinoline and, conversely, decrease the fluorescence of acridines and resorufin. As a further practical application, we successfully utilized the quinoline N-oxide scaffold to design fluorogenic probes for H2S (8) and formaldehyde (FA, 9). Given their ultraviolet-visible spectra, both probes with high selectivity and sensitivity could be conveniently used in the naked eye detection of target analytes under illumination with a portable UV lamp. More interestingly, the probes could be effectively used in the imaging of nuclear and cytoplasmic H2S or nuclear and perinuclear FA. This potentially overcomes the weaknesses of existing H2S or FA probes that can only work in the cytoplasm. These interesting findings demonstrate the ability to rapidly expand and optimize the existing fluorophore library through heterocyclic N-oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, United States.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Kai Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Mythili Ramachandran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Minyong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yuanpei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
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136
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Godyń D, Herbut P, Angrecka S, Corrêa Vieira FM. Use of Different Cooling Methods in Pig Facilities to Alleviate the Effects of Heat Stress-A Review. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091459. [PMID: 32825297 PMCID: PMC7552673 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An increase in the frequency of hot periods, which has been observed over the past decades, determines the novel approach to livestock facilities improvement. The effects of heat stress are revealed in disorders in physiological processes, impaired immunity, changes in behaviour and decreases in animal production, thus implementation of cooling technologies is a key factor for alleviating these negative consequences. In pig facilities, various cooling methods have been implemented. Air temperature may be decreased by using adiabatic cooling technology such as a high-pressure fogging system or evaporative pads. In modern-type buildings large-surface evaporative pads may support a tunnel ventilation system. Currently a lot of attention has also been paid to developing energy- and water-saving cooling methods, using for example an earth-air or earth-to-water heat exchanger. The pigs' skin surface may be cooled by using sprinkling nozzles, high-velocity air stream or conductive cooling pads. The effectiveness of these technologies is discussed in this article, taking into consideration the indicators of animal welfare such as respiratory rate, skin surface and body core temperature, performance parameters and behavioural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Godyń
- Department of Cattle Breeding, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice n Kraków, 31-047 Kraków, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Piotr Herbut
- Department of Rural Building, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Land Surveying, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 31-120 Kraków, Poland; (P.H.); (S.A.)
| | - Sabina Angrecka
- Department of Rural Building, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Land Surveying, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 31-120 Kraków, Poland; (P.H.); (S.A.)
| | - Frederico Márcio Corrêa Vieira
- Biometeorology Study Group (GEBIOMET), Universida de Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Estrada para Boa Esperança, km 04, Comunidade São Cristóvão, Dois Vizinhos PR 85660-000, Brazil;
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137
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Ding Z, Liu G, Hu J. Ratiometric Fluorescent Mapping of pH and Glutathione Dictates Intracellular Transport Pathways of Micellar Nanoparticles. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:3436-3446. [PMID: 32678575 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Visualization of intracellular transport pathways is crucial to investigate the internalization mechanism and understand the intracellular behavior of nanomaterials. Herein, we rationalized the design of micellar nanoparticles (NPs) for ratiometric fluorescent mapping of intracellular pH and glutathione (GSH), two essential parameters for maintaining normal cellular functions. Specifically, pH-sensitive naphthalimide-based probe (NPI) and pH-inert rhodamine B (RhB) were covalently labeled to double hydrophilic block copolymers (DHBCs) using the thiolactone chemistry, enabling the covalent attachment of NPI and RhB to one molecule with a redox-responsive disulfide linkage. The dually labeled DHBCs exhibited blue/orange dual emissions in acidic pH, which was further converted into green/orange dual emissions in neutral pH because of the deprotonation of NPI moieties and the sole green emission in the presence of GSH at neutral pH because of the decreased Förster resonance energy transfer efficiency between an NPI donor and an RhB acceptor as a result of GSH-mediated cleavage of disulfide bonds. These remarkable ratiometric fluorescence changes allowed for not only the simultaneous mapping of the intracellular pH and GSH but also the intracellular transport pathways of internalized NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexuan Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026 Anhui, China
| | - Guhuan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026 Anhui, China
| | - Jinming Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026 Anhui, China
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138
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Expanding the Toolkit of Fluorescent Biosensors for Studying Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155350. [PMID: 32731410 PMCID: PMC7432370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are key regulators of numerous biological processes in plants. To better understand the mechanisms by which these kinases function, high resolution measurement of MAPK activation kinetics in different biological contexts would be beneficial. One method to measure MAPK activation in plants is via fluorescence-based genetically-encoded biosensors, which can provide real-time readouts of the temporal and spatial dynamics of kinase activation in living tissue. Although fluorescent biosensors have been widely used to study MAPK dynamics in animal cells, there is currently only one MAPK biosensor that has been described for use in plants. To facilitate creation of additional plant-specific MAPK fluorescent biosensors, we report the development of two new tools: an in vitro assay for efficiently characterizing MAPK docking domains and a translocation-based kinase biosensor for use in plants. The implementation of these two methods has allowed us to expand the available pool of plant MAPK biosensors, while also providing a means to generate more specific and selective MAPK biosensors in the future. Biosensors developed using these methods have the potential to enhance our understanding of the roles MAPKs play in diverse plant signaling networks affecting growth, development, and stress response.
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139
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Hoelzel CA, Zhang X. Visualizing and Manipulating Biological Processes by Using HaloTag and SNAP-Tag Technologies. Chembiochem 2020; 21:1935-1946. [PMID: 32180315 PMCID: PMC7367766 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Visualizing and manipulating the behavior of proteins is crucial to understanding the physiology of the cell. Methods of biorthogonal protein labeling are important tools to attain this goal. In this review, we discuss advances in probe technology specific for self-labeling protein tags, focusing mainly on the application of HaloTag and SNAP-tag systems. We describe the latest developments in small-molecule probes that enable fluorogenic (no wash) imaging and super-resolution fluorescence microscopy. In addition, we cover several methodologies that enable the perturbation or manipulation of protein behavior and function towards the control of biological pathways. Thus, current technical advances in the HaloTag and SNAP-tag systems means that they are becoming powerful tools to enable the visualization and manipulation of biological processes, providing invaluable scientific insights that are difficult to obtain by traditional methodologies. As the multiplex of self-labeling protein tag systems continues to be developed and expanded, the utility of these protein tags will allow researchers to address previously inaccessible questions at the forefront of biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conner A Hoelzel
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, PA 16802, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, PA 16802, USA
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140
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Cheng S, Liu Q, Zhou X, Gu Y, Yuan W, Feng W, Li F. Reversible Ratiometric Probe Combined with the Time-Gated Method for Accurate In Vivo Gastrointestinal pH Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:25557-25564. [PMID: 32329996 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c04237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence sensing has the advantages of being real time, noninvasive, and convenient and having a low impact on the original environment for in vivo detection. Here, a reversible time-gated ratiometric in vivo detection method that could eliminate the interferences from probe amount, photon scattering, and absorption is proposed. Correspondingly, the composite probe must be able to reversibly respond to changes in the microenvironment and emit two luminescence signals at the same working wavelength but different lifetimes. Benefitting from the reversible detection mechanism, the probes could be used to monitor a dynamic biological process and the ratio signal value could be determined only by the concentration of analytes, independent of the probe concentration. Furthermore, benefitting from the same working wavelength, the read-out errors from photon absorption and scattering could be minimized. This method is very suitable for in vivo detection in which the probe distribution and depth are unknown and variable. As a typical model, different pH values in the gastrointestinal area and pH changes caused by drugs and fasting are successfully monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengming Cheng
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & Department of Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Qingyun Liu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & Department of Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & Department of Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yuyang Gu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & Department of Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & Department of Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Wei Feng
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & Department of Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Fuyou Li
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & Department of Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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141
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Macias-Contreras M, Little KN, Zhu L. Expanding the substrate selectivity of SNAP/CLIP-tagging of intracellular targets. Methods Enzymol 2020; 638:233-257. [PMID: 32416915 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2020.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
SNAP-tag belongs to a class of genetic tools of protein labeling that complements fluorescent proteins. This single-turnover enzyme is a mutant of human DNA repair protein O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (hAGT). It accepts, in most cases, label-carrying O6-benzylguanines or benzyl-2-chloro-6-aminopyrimidines as suitable substrates. In this article, strategies and methods to expand the scope of the labels for intracellular proteins of live cells via the actions of SNAP-tag are presented. CLIP-tag is another mutant of the hAGT that was engineered to have mutually exclusive substrate specificity from SNAP-tag. The use of complementary bioorthogonal chemical reactions in conjunction with orthogonal enzymatic SNAP/CLIP-tags for the purpose of dual-color intracellular labeling is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Macias-Contreras
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Kevin N Little
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States.
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142
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Reissaus CA, Day KH, Mirmira RG, Dunn KW, Pavalko FM, Day RN. PIE-FLIM Measurements of Two Different FRET-Based Biosensor Activities in the Same Living Cells. Biophys J 2020; 118:1820-1829. [PMID: 32191861 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the use of pulsed interleaved excitation (PIE)-fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) to measure the activities of two different biosensor probes simultaneously in single living cells. Many genetically encoded biosensors rely on the measurement of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) to detect changes in biosensor conformation that accompany the targeted cell signaling event. One of the most robust ways of quantifying FRET is to measure changes in the fluorescence lifetime of the donor fluorophore using FLIM. The study of complex signaling networks in living cells demands the ability to track more than one of these cellular events at the same time. Here, we demonstrate how PIE-FLIM can separate and quantify the signals from different FRET-based biosensors to simultaneously measure changes in the activity of two cell signaling pathways in the same living cells in tissues. The imaging system described here uses selectable laser wavelengths and synchronized detection gating that can be tailored and optimized for each FRET pair. Proof-of-principle studies showing simultaneous measurement of cytosolic calcium and protein kinase A activity are shown, but the PIE-FLIM approach is broadly applicable to other signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Reissaus
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; The Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kathleen H Day
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; The Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kenneth W Dunn
- The Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Fredrick M Pavalko
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; The Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Richard N Day
- The Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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143
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A Non-Invasive Tool for Real-Time Measurement of Sulfate in Living Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072572. [PMID: 32272790 PMCID: PMC7177696 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfur (S) is an essential element for all forms of life. It is involved in numerous essential processes because S is considered as the primary source of one of the essential amino acids, methionine, which plays an important role in biological events. For the control and regulation of sulfate in a metabolic network through fluxomics, a non-invasive tool is highly desirable that opens the door to monitor the level of the sulfate in real time and space in living cells without fractionation of the cells or tissue. Here, we engineered a FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) based sensor for sulfate, which is genetically-encoded and named as FLIP-SP (Fluorescent indicator protein for sulfate). The FLIP-SP can measure the level of the sulfate in live cells. This sensor was constructed by the fusion of fluorescent proteins at the N- and C-terminus of sulfate binding protein (sbp). The FLIP-SP is highly specific to sulfate, and showed pH stability. Real-time monitoring of the level of sulfate in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells showed sensor bio-compatibility with living cells. We expect that this sulfate sensor offers a valuable strategy in the understanding of the regulation of the flux of sulfate in the metabolic network.
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144
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Hassan S, Qadir I, Aslam A, Rashid B, Bilal Sarwar M, Husnain T. Cloning, Genetic Transformation and Cellular Localization of Abiotic Stress Responsive Universal Stress Protein Gene (GUSP1) in Gossypium hirsutum. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 18:e2312. [PMID: 33542936 PMCID: PMC7856405 DOI: 10.30498/ijb.2020.138051.2312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought stress seriously affects the cotton fiber development. Universal stress protein gene isolated from native species Gossypium arboreum has the promising tolerance role against these stresses. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to clone, characterize, and genetically transform the GUSP1 gene in local cotton and to observe its expression in transgenic plants under drought stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS Universal Stress Protein (GUSP1) gene from Gossypium arboreum was cloned in pCEMBIA (-) 1301plant expression vector by replacing Hygromycin and GUS exon with GUSP1-GFP fusion fragment. The construct was transformed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens and transient expression assay was confirmed by agro-infiltration of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and green fluorescence under a confocal microscope. Gene integration and expression in transgenic plants was observed through Southern blot and real-time PCR analyses. Cellular localization was observed through a confocal microscope and the copy number of the transgene was observed in progeny plants. RESULTS Transformation efficiency was 1.9%. Developmental and spatial expression of GUSP1 was observed through Real-time PCR in stem, root, leaf, inflorescence, and seeds of transgenic plants at the vegetative and flowering stage. Integration of GUSP1 revealed a fragment of approximately 500 bp in Southern Blot analyses. Localization of GUSP1 was detected in the intact leaf of transgenic plants through GFP fluorescence in midrib, guard cells of stomata, and trichomes. Single gene copy was detected in the chromosome of transgenic seeds. CONCLUSION GUSP1 has cloned from native species of local cotton and its integration and expression in transgenic plants confirmed that the role of GUSP1 will provide direction to breed economically important cotton varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameera Hassan
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, 87 W Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore-53700, Pakistan
| | - Imran Qadir
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, 87 W Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore-53700, Pakistan
- Present Address: Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Notio, Finland
| | - Aqsa Aslam
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, 87 W Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore-53700, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Rashid
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, 87 W Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore-53700, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal Sarwar
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, 87 W Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore-53700, Pakistan
| | - Tayyab Husnain
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, 87 W Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore-53700, Pakistan
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145
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Tajima S, Nakata E, Sakaguchi R, Saimura M, Mori Y, Morii T. Fluorescence detection of the nitric oxide-induced structural change at the putative nitric oxide sensing segment of TRPC5. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115430. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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146
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Radić M, Šoštar M, Weber I, Ćetković H, Slade N, Herak Bosnar M. The Subcellular Localization and Oligomerization Preferences of NME1/NME2 upon Radiation-Induced DNA Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072363. [PMID: 32235358 PMCID: PMC7177722 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleoside diphosphate kinases (NDPK/NME/Nm23) are enzymes composed of subunits NME1/NDPK A and NME2/NDPK B, responsible for the maintenance of the cellular (d)NTP pool and involved in other cellular processes, such as metastasis suppression and DNA damage repair. Although eukaryotic NDPKs are active only as hexamers, it is unclear whether other NME functions require the hexameric form, and how the isoenzyme composition varies in different cellular compartments. To examine the effect of DNA damage on intracellular localization of NME1 and NME2 and the composition of NME oligomers in the nucleus and the cytoplasm, we used live-cell imaging and the FRET/FLIM technique. We showed that exogenous NME1 and NME2 proteins co-localize in the cytoplasm of non-irradiated cells, and move simultaneously to the nucleus after gamma irradiation. The FRET/FLIM experiments imply that, after DNA damage, there is a slight shift in the homomer/heteromer balance between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Collectively, our results indicate that, after irradiation, NME1 and NME2 engage in mutual functions in the nucleus, possibly performing specific functions in their homomeric states. Finally, we demonstrated that fluorophores fused to the N-termini of NME polypeptides produce the largest FRET effect and thus recommend this orientation for use in similar studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Radić
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.R.); (N.S.)
| | - Marko Šoštar
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.Š.); (I.W.); (H.Ć.)
| | - Igor Weber
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.Š.); (I.W.); (H.Ć.)
| | - Helena Ćetković
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.Š.); (I.W.); (H.Ć.)
| | - Neda Slade
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.R.); (N.S.)
| | - Maja Herak Bosnar
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.R.); (N.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1-456-0996
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147
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Bowen BJ, McGarrity AR, Szeto JYA, Pudney CR, Jones DD. Switching protein metalloporphyrin binding specificity by design from iron to fluorogenic zinc. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:4308-4311. [PMID: 32186552 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00596g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Metalloporphyrins play important roles in areas ranging from biology to nanoscience. Using computational design, we converted metalloporphyrin specificity of cytochrome b562 from iron to fluorogenic zinc. The new variant had a near total preference for zinc representing a switch in specificity, which greatly enhanced the negligible aqueous fluorescence of free ZnPP in vitro and in vivo.
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148
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Li G, Zhao M, Xie J, Yao Y, Mou L, Zhang X, Guo X, Sun W, Wang Z, Xu J, Xue J, Hu T, Zhang M, Li M, Hong L. Efficient synthesis of cyclic amidine-based fluorophores via 6π-electrocyclic ring closure. Chem Sci 2020; 11:3586-3591. [PMID: 34094046 PMCID: PMC8152618 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00798f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel 10π-electron cyclic amidines with excellent fluorescence properties were synthesized by a general and efficient 6π-electrocyclic ring closure of ketenimine and imine starting from N-sulfonyl triazoles and arylamines. The photophysical properties of cyclic amidine fluorophores have been studied in detail and have shown good properties of a large Stokes shift, pH insensitivity, low cytotoxicity and higher photostability, which have great potential for biological imaging. Furthermore, this novel fluorophore was successfully applied to the localization of the NK-1 receptor in living systems. Novel 10π-electron cyclic amidines with excellent fluorescence properties were synthesized by a general and efficient 6π-electrocyclic ring closure of ketenimine and imine starting from N-sulfonyl triazoles and arylamines.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofeng Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecular and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Man Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecular and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Junqiu Xie
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Ying Yao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecular and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Lingyun Mou
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Xiaomin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Wangsheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Guangdong Key Lab of Nano-Micro Material Research, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Jiecheng Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecular and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Jianzhong Xue
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecular and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Tao Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecular and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Min Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecular and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Liang Hong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecular and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
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149
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Awasthi P, An X, Xiang J, Kalva N, Shen Y, Li C. Facile synthesis of noncytotoxic PEGylated dendrimer encapsulated silver sulfide quantum dots for NIR-II biological imaging. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:5678-5684. [PMID: 32101213 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr10918h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared-II (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) bioimaging features high penetration depth and high spatio-temporal resolution compared to traditional fluorescence imaging, but the key is to develop stable and biocompatible NIR-II fluorophores suitable for in vivo applications. Silver sulfide quantum dots (Ag2S QDs) have been demonstrated to be excellent for in vivo NIR-II imaging with unique optical properties and decent biocompatibility, but they often require complex post modifications for in vivo applications. Herein we demonstrate a facile one-pot strategy to synthesize PEGylated dendrimer-encapsulated Ag2S QDs useful for in vivo NIR-II imaging. Silver ions were first loaded into the core of an acylthiourea-functionalized dendrimer (PEG-PATU) through coordination between silver ions and acylthiourea groups, followed by the addition of sodium sulfide to form Ag2S QDs in situ. The resulting PEG-PATU Ag2S QDs exhibit excellent NIR-II fluorescence signals, and thus could be used for high efficiency labelling and tracking of A549 cancer cell mobility in vivo and real time visualization of the vast circulatory network of a mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragati Awasthi
- Center for Bionanoengineering and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China 310027.
| | - Xinyi An
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine and i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, P.R. China 215123.
| | - Jiajia Xiang
- Center for Bionanoengineering and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China 310027.
| | - Nagendra Kalva
- Center for Bionanoengineering and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China 310027.
| | - Youqing Shen
- Center for Bionanoengineering and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China 310027.
| | - Chunyan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine and i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, P.R. China 215123.
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150
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Wen L, Fan Z, Mikulski Z, Ley K. Imaging of the immune system - towards a subcellular and molecular understanding. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/5/jcs234922. [PMID: 32139598 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.234922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune responses involve many types of leukocytes that traffic to the site of injury, recognize the insult and respond appropriately. Imaging of the immune system involves a set of methods and analytical tools that are used to visualize immune responses at the cellular and molecular level as they occur in real time. We will review recent and emerging technological advances in optical imaging, and their application to understanding the molecular and cellular responses of neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes. Optical live-cell imaging provides deep mechanistic insights at the molecular, cellular, tissue and organism levels. Live-cell imaging can capture quantitative information in real time at subcellular resolution with minimal phototoxicity and repeatedly in the same living cells or in accessible tissues of the living organism. Advanced FRET probes allow tracking signaling events in live cells. Light-sheet microscopy allows for deeper tissue penetration in optically clear samples, enriching our understanding of the higher-level organization of the immune response. Super-resolution microscopy offers insights into compartmentalized signaling at a resolution beyond the diffraction limit, approaching single-molecule resolution. This Review provides a current perspective on live-cell imaging in vitro and in vivo with a focus on the assessment of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Wen
- Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Zhichao Fan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Zbigniew Mikulski
- Microscopy Core Facility, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Klaus Ley
- Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA .,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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