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Similar risk of cardiovascular events in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy and rheumatoid arthritis in the first 5 years after diagnosis. Clin Rheumatol 2020; 40:231-238. [PMID: 32572804 PMCID: PMC7782367 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-05237-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the incidence of cardiovascular (CV) events in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) compared to patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the general population. To explore the contribution of traditional CV risk factors to any difference observed. METHODS A retrospective matched population-based cohort study was conducted using UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) from 1987 to 2013. The incidence of CV events was calculated for each cohort over time and compared using Cox proportional hazards models. Multivariable analyses were used to adjust for traditional CV risk factors. RESULTS A total of 603 patients with IIM 4047 RA and 4061 healthy controls were included. The rate of CV events in IIM was significantly greater than healthy controls [hazard ratio (HR) 1.47 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18-1.83)] and remained significant after adjustment for CV risk factors [HR 1.38 (95% CI 1.11-1.72)]. Risk was similar between IIM and RA [HR 1.01 (95% CI 0.78-1.31)]. The rate of myocardial infarction [HR 1.61 (95% CI 1.27-2.04)] but not stroke [HR 0.92 (95% CI 0.59-1.44)] was significantly greater in IIM compared to healthy controls. After the first 5 years, the rate of CV events for RA remained significantly greater compared to the control group, but appeared to return to that of the healthy controls in the IIM group. CONCLUSION IIM is associated with an increased risk of CV events in the first 5 years after diagnosis similar to that of RA. Beyond 5 years, the risk appears to return to that of the general population in IIM but not RA. Key Points • The excess risk of cardiovascular events in IIM is similar to that found in RA. • The excess risk of cardiovascular events is greatest in the first 5 years after diagnosis.
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102
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Ng RJ, Bae S. Retinal artery macroaneurysm without hypertension. Clin Exp Optom 2020; 104:250-252. [PMID: 32449215 DOI: 10.1111/cxo.13098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Ng
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sol Bae
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sydney Eye Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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103
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Gendelman O, Shapira R, Tiosano S, Pras E, Comaneshter D, Cohen A, Amital H. Familial Mediterranean fever is associated with increased risk for ischaemic heart disease and mortality-Perspective derived from a large database. Int J Clin Pract 2020; 74:e13473. [PMID: 31909853 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS OF THE STUDY Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a hereditary, auto-inflammatory disease, characterised by recurrent, self-limiting attacks of fever with inflammation of the serosal membranes, joints, and skin. Chronic inflammation was previously associated with increased risk for ischaemic heart disease (IHD). However, the association between FMF and IHD remains unclear. The objective of this study is to determine whether this association exists. METHODS Utilising the database of the largest health-care provider in Israel, a cross-sectional study was performed. The incidence of IHD was compared between patients diagnosed with FMF and age and sex-matched controls. Chi-square and t-test were used for categorial and continuous variables, and cox logistics regression model was used for multivariate analysis. Survival analysis was made using Kaplan-Meier plots and log-rank test. RESULTS The study included 7670 patients diagnosed with FMF and an equal number of controls without FMF. In a univariate analysis FMF was found to be associated with higher prevalence of IHD (OR 1.33) and increased mortality (OR 1.29). In a multivariate analysis FMF was found to be independently associated with increased risk for IHD (OR 1.44). CONCLUSION The study shows that FMF is associated with both increased risk for IHD and higher mortality rates. An early diagnosis and treatment of this disease can potentially improve patients' life expectancy and decrease cardiac comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Gendelman
- Department of Medicine 'B', Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Raz Shapira
- Department of Medicine 'B', Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Shmuel Tiosano
- Department of Medicine 'B', Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Elon Pras
- The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Doron Comaneshter
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Chief Physician's Office, Clalit Health Services Tel Aviv, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Arnon Cohen
- Chief Physician's Office, Clalit Health Services Tel Aviv, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Siaal Research Center for Family Medicine and Primary Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Howard Amital
- Department of Medicine 'B', Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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104
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Wahba AS, Ibrahim ME, Mesbah NM, Saleh SM, Abo-Elmatty DM, Mehanna ET. Serum LINC00305 expression and its genetic variant rs2850711 are associated with clinical and laboratory features of rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Biomed Sci 2020; 77:142-147. [PMID: 32188348 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2020.1744942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long intergenic non-protein coding (lnc) RNA 00305 (LINC00305) is a pro-inflammatory atherosclerosis-associated lncRNA. We hypothesised that LINC00305 expression and its variant rs2850711 (A/T) are implicated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and linked with clinical and routine laboratory markers. METHODS 100 RA patients and 100 healthy controls were recruited. LINC00305 genotyping and expression were performed using allelic-discrimination PCR and quantitative real-time PCR. LINC00305 diagnostic power was evaluated using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Serum nuclear factor- κB (NF-κB) and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) levels were determined by ELISA, standard laboratory markers by routine methods. RESULTS LINC00305 expression was significantly increased in RA patients and positively correlated with DAS28, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, rheumatoid factor and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody. In multivariate analysis, NF-κB, MMP-3 and LINC00305 were significant predictors of RA (P< 0.0001). Individuals carrying AT and TT genotypes of rs2850711 polymorphism had significantly more likely to have RA than AA genotype carriers (P< 0.05). LINC00305 expression, DAS28 score and serum levels of NF-κB and MMP-3 were significantly increased in the patients carrying LINC00305 AT and TT genotypes as compared with AA genotype patients (P< 0.01). CONCLUSION Increased expression level of LINC00305 and its rs2850711 genetic variant may play a role in the diagnosis and management of RA, and its severity and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Wahba
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University , Ismailia, Egypt
| | - M E Ibrahim
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University , Ismailia, Egypt
| | - N M Mesbah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University , Ismailia, Egypt
| | - S M Saleh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University , Ismailia, Egypt
| | - D M Abo-Elmatty
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University , Ismailia, Egypt
| | - E T Mehanna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University , Ismailia, Egypt
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105
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Seraj SM, Raynor WY, Revheim ME, Al-Zaghal A, Zadeh MZ, Arani LS, Rojulpote C, Werner TJ, Gerke O, Høilund-Carlsen PF, Baker JF, Alavi A, Hunt SJ. Assessing the feasibility of NaF-PET/CT versus FDG-PET/CT to detect abdominal aortic calcification or inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Ann Nucl Med 2020; 34:424-431. [PMID: 32277422 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-020-01463-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine whether NaF-PET/CT or FDG-PET/CT can detect abdominal aortic molecular calcification and inflammation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS In this study, 18 RA patients (4 women, 14 men; mean age 56.0 ± 11.7) and 18 healthy controls (4 women, 14 men; mean age 55.8 ± 11.9) were included. The controls were matched to patients by sex and age (± 4 years). All subjects of this study underwent NaF-PET/CT scanning 90 min following the administration of NaF. FDG-PET/CT imaging was performed 180 min following intravenous FDG injection. Using OsiriX software, the global mean standardized uptake value (global SUVmean) in abdominal aorta was calculated for both FDG and NaF. The NaF SUVmean and FDG SUVmean were divided by the blood pool activity providing target-to-background ratios (TBR) namely, NaF-TBRmean and FDG-TBRmean. The CT calcium volume score was obtained using a growing region algorithm based on Hounsfield units. RESULTS The average NaF-TBRmean score among RA patients was significantly greater than that of healthy controls (median 1.61; IQR 1.49-1.88 and median 1.40; IQR 1.23-1.52, P = 0.002). The average CT calcium volume score among RA patients was also significantly greater than that of healthy controls (median 1.96 cm3; IQR 0.57-5.48 and median 0.004 cm3; IQR 0.04-0.05, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the average FDG-TBRmean scores in the RA patients when compared to healthy controls (median 1.29; IQR 1.13-1.52 and median 1.29; IQR 1.13-1.52, respectively, P = 0.98). CONCLUSION Quantitative assessment with NaF-PET/CT identifies increased molecular calcification in the wall of the abdominal aorta among patients with RA as compared with healthy controls, while quantitative assessment with FDG-PET/CT did not identify a difference in aortic vessel wall FDG uptake between the RA and healthy control groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Mehdizadeh Seraj
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - William Y Raynor
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mona-Elisabeth Revheim
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Abdullah Al-Zaghal
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mahdi Zirakchian Zadeh
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Leila S Arani
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Chaitanya Rojulpote
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Thomas J Werner
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Oke Gerke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Poul F Høilund-Carlsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Joshua F Baker
- Division of Rheumatology, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Abass Alavi
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Stephen J Hunt
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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106
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Yu HH, Hsiung NH, Chiang JH, Shen HS. The risk of coronary artery disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis using Chinese herbal products and conventional medicine in parallel: a population-based cohort study. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:100. [PMID: 32228568 PMCID: PMC7106741 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-02894-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies have evaluated the association between the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and the use of Chinese herbal products (CHP) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study investigated the risk of CAD among patients with RA using CHP in combination with conventional medicine. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Taiwan National Insurance Research Database to assess 22,353 patients who had been newly diagnosed with RA between 1997 and 2010. Patients were assigned to the CHP group or non-CHP group according to their use or nonuse of CHP after being diagnosed with RA. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of CAD for a 1:1 matched sample. Results Both the CHP and non-CHP groups comprised 4889 patients after 1:1 matching. The risk of CAD was significantly reduced in the CHP group [adjusted HR (aHR): 0.59, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.50–0.71] compard with the non-CHP group. Those who used CHP for > 180 days had an even lower risk of CAD than users with CHP usage less than 30 days (aHR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.43–0.95). Additionally, frequently prescribed formulae, such as Kuei-Chih-Shao-Yao-Chih-Mu-Tang, Tang-Kuei-Nien-Tung-Tang, and Shu-Ching-Huo-Hsieh-Tang, were associated with a reduced risk of CAD. Conclusion The use of CHP was associated with a lower risk of CAD in patients with RA. Additional randomized controlled trials are required to assess any causal relationship between the effect of CHP usage and the risk of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Hua Yu
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 707, Sec. 3, Chung-Yang Rd., Hualien, Taiwan, 970
| | | | - Jen-Huai Chiang
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Shu Shen
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 707, Sec. 3, Chung-Yang Rd., Hualien, Taiwan, 970. .,School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
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107
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Role of microRNAs in the Development of Cardiovascular Disease in Systemic Autoimmune Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062012. [PMID: 32188016 PMCID: PMC7139533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) are the systemic autoimmune diseases (SADs) most associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular (CV) events. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) in SADs results from a complex interaction between traditional CV-risk factors, immune deregulation and disease activity. Oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory/prothrombotic mediators (cytokines/chemokines, adipokines, proteases, adhesion-receptors, NETosis-derived-products, and intracellular-signaling molecules) have been implicated in these vascular pathologies. Genetic and genomic analyses further allowed the identification of signatures explaining the pro-atherothrombotic profiles in RA, SLE and APS. However, gene modulation has left significant gaps in our understanding of CV co-morbidities in SADs. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as key post-transcriptional regulators of a suite of signaling pathways and pathophysiological effects. Abnormalities in high number of miRNA and their associated functions have been described in several SADs, suggesting their involvement in the development of atherosclerosis and thrombosis in the setting of RA, SLE and APS. This review focusses on recent insights into the potential role of miRNAs both, as clinical biomarkers of atherosclerosis and thrombosis in SADs, and as therapeutic targets in the regulation of the most influential processes that govern those disorders, highlighting the potential diagnostic and therapeutic properties of miRNAs in the management of CVD.
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108
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Hsu CW, Ng KJ, Lu MC, Koo M. Predicting the Risk of Ischemic Stroke among Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Using a Simplified RA-CHADSV Score Based on the CHA 2DS 2-VASc Score. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56020073. [PMID: 32059458 PMCID: PMC7073594 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56020073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to develop a new score (RA-CHADSV) (rheumatoid arthritis - congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years, diabetes mellitus, stroke/transient ischemic attack/thromboembolism, and vascular disease), modified from the CHA2DS2-VASc score (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years (doubled), diabetes mellitus, stroke/transient ischemic attack (doubled), vascular disease, age 65–74 years, and female), in predicting the risk of ischemic stroke in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients without atrial fibrillation (AF). Materials and Methods: Using the Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database, 592 patients with RA diagnosed between 2000 and 2002 were identified and followed until first occurrence of ischemic stroke or the last available date in the database. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) of ischemic stroke for the CHA2DS2-VASc score were calculated using Poisson regression models. A new prediction score RA-CHADSV was developed using multiple logistic regression analysis with bootstrap validation. Results: The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the newly developed RA-CHADSV score and the CHA2DS2-VASc score were 0.73 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.64–0.82) and 0.70 (95% CI 0.61–0.79), respectively. The RA-CHADSV score was significantly associated with a higher ischemic stroke incidence in the patients who scored ≥1 (adjusted IRR 7.39, p < 0.001). Conclusions: A simplified RA-CHADSV score, with comparable efficiency as the CHA2DS2-VASc score, but easier to use clinically was developed for predicting the risk of ischemic stroke among non-AF RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wen Hsu
- Department of Medical Research, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Dalin, 62247 Chiayi, Taiwan;
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 33302 Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Khai-Jing Ng
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Dalin, 62247 Chiayi, Taiwan; (K.-J.N.); (M.-C.L.)
| | - Ming-Chi Lu
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Dalin, 62247 Chiayi, Taiwan; (K.-J.N.); (M.-C.L.)
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City, 97004 Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Malcolm Koo
- Graduate Institute of Long-term Care, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien City, 97005 Hualien, Taiwan
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T 3M7 ON, Canada
- Correspondence:
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109
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Genkel VV, Shaposhnik II. Conceptualization of Heterogeneity of Chronic Diseases and Atherosclerosis as a Pathway to Precision Medicine: Endophenotype, Endotype, and Residual Cardiovascular Risk. Int J Chronic Dis 2020; 2020:5950813. [PMID: 32099839 PMCID: PMC7038435 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5950813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The article discusses modern approaches to the conceptualization of pathogenetic heterogeneity in various branches of medical science. The concepts of endophenotype, endotype, and residual cardiovascular risk and the scope of their application in internal medicine and cardiology are considered. Based on the latest results of studies of the genetic architecture of atherosclerosis, five endotypes of atherosclerosis have been proposed. Each of the presented endotypes represents one or another pathophysiological mechanism of atherogenesis, having an established genetic substrate, a characteristic panel of biomarkers, and a number of clinical features. Clinical implications and perspectives for the study of endotypes of atherosclerosis are briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim V. Genkel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “South-Ural State Medical University” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Vorovskogo St. 64, 454092 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Igor I. Shaposhnik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “South-Ural State Medical University” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Vorovskogo St. 64, 454092 Chelyabinsk, Russia
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110
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Assessing the diet quality of individuals with rheumatic conditions: a cross-sectional study. Rheumatol Int 2020; 40:1439-1448. [PMID: 32030459 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-020-04527-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Arthritis is a significant cause of chronic pain and disability, affecting around 3.5 million Australians. However, little is known regarding the overall diet quality of those living with arthritis. This study aimed to assess the dietary quality of Australians living in the Australian Capital Territory region with arthritis. This cross-sectional study analysed dietary intake data of individuals living with arthritis using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Dietary quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) to examine associations between diet composition, age, income and arthritis impact using the short form of the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales 2 (AIMS2-SF). Participants, predominantly female (82.6%), were grouped by age: 18-50 years (n = 32), 50-64 years (n = 31), and 65 + years (n = 23). Significant correlations were observed between age and HEI-2015 (rs = 0.337, p = 0.002) and income and AIMS2-SF (rs = - 0.353, p < 0.001). The mean HEI-2015 score for the 18-49 years group was fair (72.1 ± 12.3), lower than both the 50-64 years group score of good (81.5 ± 9.72) (p = 0.004), and the 65 + years group score of good (81.8 ± 12.1) (p = 0.007). Dietary fibre, seafood and plant protein, fatty acids, and refined grains were identified as dietary components of concern for the 18-49 years group, and total fruit and added sugar were components of concern for people in the worst tertile for the AIMS2-SF. People aged between 18 and 49 years are consuming a lower quality diet compared to people aged 50 years and over. Further research is needed to understand why this association is occurring in this high socioeconomic region of Australia (a high-income country).
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111
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Tuzcu G, Uslu AU, Tuzcu A, Aydoğan Baykara R, Omma A, Küçük A. A novel marker relationship between carotid intima media thickness and disease activity score-28 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Human endothelial cell-specific molecule-1. Turk J Med Sci 2019; 49:1599-1605. [PMID: 31655533 PMCID: PMC7518679 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1806-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim Human endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 (endocan) is a marker of vascular endothelial dysfunction that may be used in the evaluation of inflammatory-associated atherosclerotic lesions. Endocan may be a marker for the evaluation of atherosclerosis and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Materials and methods We included 39 RA patients assessed according to the American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatology 2010 diagnostic criteria and recruited 30 age- and sex-matching healthy subjects for the control group. Results Endocan values were 14.11 ± 3.27 for the RA patients and 12.10 ± 2.92 for the controls. The endocan values of the patients were significantly higher than those of the control group (P = 0.009). In the correlation analysis, endocan showed a significantly positive correlation with disease activity score-28 (r = 0.386, P = 0.029) and carotid intima–media thickness (cIMT) (r = 0.419, P = 0.008). Linear regression analysis revealed that there was an independent relationship between endocan and cIMT (P = 0.029). Conclusion Endocan can be a marker for early atherosclerosis and disease activity in RA patients.
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112
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Hu RY, Tian XB, Li B, Luo R, Zhang B, Zhao JM. Individualized Drug Repositioning For Rheumatoid Arthritis Using Weighted Kolmogorov-Smirnov Algorithm. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2019; 12:369-375. [PMID: 31849513 PMCID: PMC6912015 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s230751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Existing drugs are far from enough for investigators and patients to administrate the therapy of rheumatoid arthritis. Drug repositioning has drawn broad attention by reusing marketed drugs and clinical candidates for new uses. Purpose This study attempted to predict candidate drugs for rheumatoid arthritis treatment by mining the similarities of pathway aberrance induced by disease and various drugs, on a personalized or customized basis. Methods We firstly measured the individualized pathway aberrance induced by rheumatoid arthritis based on the microarray data and various drugs from CMap database, respectively. Then, the similarities of pathway aberrances between RA and various drugs were calculated using a Kolmogorov–Smirnov weighted enrichment score algorithm. Results Using this method, we identified 4 crucial pathways involved in rheumatoid arthritis development and predicted 9 underlying candidate drugs for rheumatoid arthritis treatment. Some candidates with current indications to treat other diseases might be repurposed to treat rheumatoid arthritis and complement the drug group for rheumatoid arthritis. Conclusion This study predicts candidate drugs for rheumatoid arthritis treatment through mining the similarities of pathway aberrance induced by disease and various drugs, on a personalized or customized basis. Our framework will provide novel insights in personalized drug discovery for rheumatoid arthritis and contribute to the future application of custom therapeutic decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Yin Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Bin Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Min Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, People's Republic of China
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113
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Kuo CF, Burns PB, Chen JS, Wang L, Chung KC. Risk of preventable hospitalization before and after diagnosis among rheumatoid arthritis patients compared to non-rheumatoid arthritis controls. Joint Bone Spine 2019; 87:149-156. [PMID: 31811929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study is to investigate the risk of preventable hospitalization among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS We identified 11,852 incident RA patients and 59,260 age-, sex-, and index year-matched controls from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database. Index date was the RA diagnosis date for cases, which was assigned to their matched controls. The odds ratios (OR) of preventable hospitalizations between RA patients and controls were estimated using a mixed effect model adjusted for age, sex, patient characteristics, Elixhauser comorbidity index, medical utilization and regional medical resources. RESULTS The overall annualized incidence of preventable hospitalization in RA patients and controls was 38.7 vs. 20.9 events per 1,000 person-years (adjusted OR, 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.51-1.71). The adjusted OR of preventable hospitalization in RA patients compared to matched controls was 1.17 (1.00-1.37) one year prior to RA diagnosis and remained elevated after RA diagnosis. Adjusted ORs (95% CI) for specific preventable hospitalization categories were 1.93 (1.58-2.36) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 1.64 (1.21-2.21) for asthma, 1.95 (1.78-2.13) for bacterial pneumonia, and 1.59 (1.44-1.75) for urinary tract infection. When assessing the trend of individual preventable hospitalizations before and after diagnosis, bacterial pneumonia and urinary tract infection hospitalizations had a significantly higher OR in RA patients one year before diagnosis and five years afterward (adjusted OR ranges 2.75 to 4.48 and 1.83 to 3.07 respectively, all P-values<0.05) CONCLUSION: RA is independently associated with a higher risk of preventable hospitalization specifically for chronic lung diseases and infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Fu Kuo
- Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics, and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Patricia B Burns
- Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jung-Sheng Chen
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Kevin C Chung
- Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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Nandal S, Narayan O, Barlis P, Ponnuthurai FA. Management of atherosclerotic plaque in left internal mammary artery graft five years after angiographic patency: A case report. World J Cardiol 2019; 11:277-281. [PMID: 31798794 PMCID: PMC6885449 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v11.i11.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The left internal mammary artery (LIMA) has demonstrated excellent long-term patency rates when used as a bypass conduit with complications usually occurring in the early postoperative period. The rapid development of de-novo atherosclerosis in a previously non-diseased LIMA, subsequently leading to an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is rarely encountered.
CASE SUMMARY A 67-year-old man with history of triple coronary artery bypass graft (8 years ago) presented to our hospital with an ACS. He had undergone angiography 5 years ago to investigate episodic chest pain and imaging of the LIMA at the time did not demonstrate the atherosclerotic process. Emergent angiography demonstrated a severe diffuse stenosis in the proximal to mid segment of the LIMA, with embolization of a moderate sized thrombus to the distal skip segment. The LIMA stenosis was characterised by overlying haziness, consistent with acute plaque rupture, associated with residual luminal thrombus. The patient was managed with antithrombotic therapy to reduce the thrombus burden until repeat angiography after 72 h. At repeat angiography, the thrombus burden was substantially reduced at the distal skip segment as well as at the proximal to mid LIMA with the demonstration of multiple plaque cavities. This lesion was predilated and a 2.75 mm × 33 mm everolimus-eluting stent was implanted to a final diameter of 3.0 mm. The patient made a good clinical recovery and was discharged after 6 d.
CONCLUSION This case highlights the rapid and late development of atherosclerosis in a graft 5 years after documented patency and the importance for consideration of expectant thrombus management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savvy Nandal
- Department of Cardiology, The Northern Hospital, Epping, Victoria 3076, Australia
| | - Om Narayan
- Department of Cardiology, The Northern Hospital, Epping, Victoria 3076, Australia
| | - Peter Barlis
- Department of Cardiology, The Northern Hospital, Epping, Victoria 3076, Australia
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Agarwal N, Kamaraj A, McDonnell S, Khan W. Perioperative management of patients with rheumatoid arthritis undergoing orthopaedic surgery. J Perioper Pract 2019; 30:265-270. [PMID: 31694466 DOI: 10.1177/1750458919886186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease which is characterised by systemic inflammation. In the recent decades, the advent of disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs have reduced the need for orthopaedic procedures. However, there are numerous patients in which pharmacological treatment fails and these patients require surgical intervention. Complications can arise due to the underlying pathology and multitude of medications these patients can be on, specifically increased infection rates due to use of immunosuppressive agents. An understanding into the disease itself, as well as perioperative management, may improve overall patient outcomes and prevent future complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Agarwal
- Division of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Achi Kamaraj
- Division of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen McDonnell
- Division of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wasim Khan
- Division of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Ruscitti P, Cipriani P, Liakouli V, Iacono D, Pantano I, Margiotta DPE, Navarini L, Destro Castaniti GM, Maruotti N, Di Scala G, Picciariello L, Caso F, Bongiovanni S, Grembiale RD, Atzeni F, Scarpa R, Perosa F, Emmi G, Cantatore FP, Guggino G, Afeltra A, Ciccia F, Giacomelli R. Subclinical and clinical atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis: results from the 3-year, multicentre, prospective, observational GIRRCS (Gruppo Italiano di Ricerca in Reumatologia Clinica e Sperimentale) study. Arthritis Res Ther 2019; 21:204. [PMID: 31481105 PMCID: PMC6724256 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-019-1975-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality, when compared with general population, largely due to enhanced atherosclerotic disease. In this work, we aimed at assessing both occurrence and predictive factors of subclinical and clinical atherosclerosis in RA. Methods From January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2015, consecutive participants with RA, admitted to Italian Rheumatology Units, were assessed in the GIRRCS (Gruppo Italiano di Ricerca in Reumatologia Clinica e Sperimentale) cohort. After that, those participants were followed up in a 3-year, prospective, observational study, assessing the occurrence of subclinical and clinical atherosclerosis and possible predictive factors. McNemar test was employed to assess the changes in subclinical and clinical atherosclerosis, and regression analyses exploited the ORs for the occurrence of those comorbidities. Results We analysed 841 participants, mostly female (82.2%) and with median age of 60 years (range 21–90). The remission was achieved and maintained by 41.8% of participants during the follow-up. We observed an increased rate of subclinical atherosclerosis at the end of follow-up (139 vs 203 participants, p < 0.0001), particularly in participants with a disease duration less than 5 years at baseline (70 participants vs 133 participants, p < 0.0001). Type 2 diabetes (T2D) (OR 4.50, 95%CI 1.74–11.62, p = 0.002), high blood pressure (OR 2.03, 95%CI 1.04–4.14, p = 0.042), ACPA (OR 2.36, 95%CI 1.19–4.69, p = 0.014) and mean values of CRP during the follow-up (OR 1.07, 95%CI 1.03–1.14, p = 0.040) were significantly associated with higher risk of subclinical atherosclerosis. We observed an increased rate of clinical atherosclerosis at the end of follow-up (48 vs 76 participants, p < 0.0001). T2D (OR 6.21, 95%CI 2.19–17.71, p = 0.001) was associated with a significant risk of clinical atherosclerosis. The achievement and the maintenance of remission reduced the risk of subclinical (OR 0.25, 95%CI 0.11–0.56, p = 0.001) and clinical atherosclerosis (OR 0.20, 95%CI 0.09–0.95, p = 0.041). Conclusions We reported an increased prevalence and incidence of both subclinical and clinical atherosclerosis in 3-year prospectively followed participants, mainly in the subset with a duration of disease less than 5 years. The achievement and the maintenance of remission are associated with a reduction of the risk of subclinical and clinical atherosclerosis. Among “traditional” cardiovascular risk factors, participants with T2D showed a higher risk of clinical and subclinical atherosclerosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13075-019-1975-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Ruscitti
- Rheumatology Unit; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, delta 6 building, PO box 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Paola Cipriani
- Rheumatology Unit; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, delta 6 building, PO box 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Vasiliki Liakouli
- Rheumatology Unit; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, delta 6 building, PO box 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Daniela Iacono
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Section, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Ilenia Pantano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Section, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Luca Navarini
- Unit of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Maria Destro Castaniti
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nicola Maruotti
- Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, Rheumatology Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Gerardo Di Scala
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Licia Picciariello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), Rheumatologic and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Caso
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Rosa Daniela Grembiale
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro 'Magna Graecia', Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Fabiola Atzeni
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Raffaele Scarpa
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Federico Perosa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), Rheumatologic and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Giacomo Emmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Giuliana Guggino
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Afeltra
- Unit of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Ciccia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Section, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Giacomelli
- Rheumatology Unit; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, delta 6 building, PO box 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
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Kumar R, Saha N, Purohit P, Garg SK, Seth K, Meena VS, Dubey S, Dave K, Goyal R, Sharma SS, Banerjee UC, Chakraborti AK. Cyclic enaminone as new chemotype for selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitory, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 182:111601. [PMID: 31445233 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The cyclic enaminone moiety has been identified as a new scaffold for selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 with anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. The designed cyclic enaminones have been synthesized conveniently through the development of a new catalyst-free methodology and evaluated for cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) inhibitory activities. Three compounds 7d, 8, and 9 predominantly inhibited COX-2 with selectivity index of 74.09, 19.45 and 108.68, respectively, and were assessed for in vivo anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan induced rat paw edema assay. The anti-inflammatory activity of 7d was comparable to that of celecoxib at a dose of 12.5 mg/kg. However, the compounds 8 and 9 were more/equally effective as anti-inflammatory agent compared to celecoxib at the doses of 12.5 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg and also exhibited anti-inflammatory activity comparable to that of diclofenac. The therapeutic potential of the most active compound 9 was further assessed by performing in vivo thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia tests using various models that revealed its analgesic activity. The in vivo non-ulcerogenicity of 9 revealed the gastrointestinal safety as compared to the non-selective COX inhibitor indomethacin. The in vitro antioxidant activity and in vivo experiments on heart rate and blood pressure provided the cardiovascular safety profile of 9. The molecular docking studies rationalize the COX-2 selectivity of the newly found anti-inflammatory compounds 7d, 8, and 9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160 062, Punjab, India
| | - Nirjhar Saha
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160 062, Punjab, India
| | - Priyank Purohit
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160 062, Punjab, India
| | - Sanjeev K Garg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160 062, Punjab, India
| | - Kapileswar Seth
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160 062, Punjab, India
| | - Vachan S Meena
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, 160 062, Punjab, India
| | - Sachin Dubey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, 160 062, Punjab, India
| | - Khyati Dave
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, 160 062, Punjab, India
| | - Rohit Goyal
- Indo-Soviet Friendship (ISF) College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142 001, Punjab, India
| | - Shyam S Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, 160 062, Punjab, India
| | - Uttam C Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, 160 062, Punjab, India
| | - Asit K Chakraborti
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160 062, Punjab, India.
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Lauper K, Courvoisier DS, Chevallier P, Finckh A, Gabay C. Incidence and Prevalence of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriatic Arthritis, and Axial Spondyloarthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2019; 70:1756-1763. [PMID: 29609199 DOI: 10.1002/acr.23567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in a large observational cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), or axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) patients. METHODS We conducted a mixed retrospective and prospective cohort study using data from patients with RA, PsA, or axial SpA included in the Swiss Clinical Quality Management registry. The primary outcome of interest was a composite of myocardial infarction, transient or permanent cerebrovascular event, or cardiovascular-associated death. RESULTS A total of 5,315 patients were eligible for the analysis of incidence, with a total follow-up time of 37,495 patient-years for RA, 19,837 patient-years for axial SpA, and 9,171 patient-years for PsA. The unadjusted incidence rate of MACE per 1,000 patient-years was 2.67 for RA, 1.41 for axial SpA, and 1.42 for PsA. Compared to the unadjusted incidence rate ratios (IRRs) in patients with RA, those in patients with axial SpA were 0.53 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.34-0.80; P = 0.003) and in patients with PsA were 0.53 (95% CI 0.30-0.95; P = 0.03). After adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, age at disease onset, sex, and disease duration, the difference was not significant between RA and axial SpA (adjusted IRR 0.93 [95% CI 0.51-1.69]; P = 0.80) or between RA and PsA (adjusted IRR 0.56 [95% CI 0.27-1.14]; P = 0.11). We found a similar result with the analysis of prevalence. CONCLUSION There was no significant difference in the incidence and prevalence of MACE between RA and axial SpA or PsA, suggesting that inflammation, rather than a particular disease, drives the increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Lauper
- Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Axel Finckh
- Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cem Gabay
- Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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Erlandsson MC, Lyngfelt L, Åberg ND, Wasén C, Espino RA, Silfverswärd ST, Nadali M, Jood K, Andersson KME, Pullerits R, Bokarewa MI. Low serum IGF1 is associated with hypertension and predicts early cardiovascular events in women with rheumatoid arthritis. BMC Med 2019; 17:141. [PMID: 31327319 PMCID: PMC6643304 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-019-1374-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Since low insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 1 is often linked to inflammation, we analyze whether serum levels of IGF1 are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a longitudinal observational study. METHODS A CVD risk was estimated (eCVR) in 184 female RA patients (mean age 52 years) and in 132 female patients after ischemic stroke (mean age 56 years) with no rheumatic disease, using the Framingham algorithm. The median level of IGF1 divided the cohorts in IGF1high and IGF1low groups. A 5-year prospective follow-up for new CVD events was completed in all RA patients. The Mantel-Cox analysis and event-free survival curves were prepared. Unsupervised clustering of proteins within the IGF1 signaling pathway was employed to identify their association with eCVR. RESULTS Low IGF1 resulted in a higher eCVR in RA patients (7.2% and 3.3%, p = 0.0063) and in stroke (9.3% and 7.1%, p = 0.033). RA had higher rate for new CVD events at prospective follow-up (OR 4.96, p = 0.028). Hypertension was the major risk factor associated with low IGF1 in RA and stroke. In hypertension, IGF1 was no longer responsible for intracellular activation and lost its correlation to IRS1/2 adaptor proteins. The clustering analysis confirmed that combination of low IGF1 and IRS1/2 with high IL6, insulin, and glucose predisposed to high eCVR and emphasized the functional role of serum IGF1. CONCLUSIONS Low serum IGF1 precedes and predicts development of early CVD events in female RA patients. Hypertension and aberrant IGF1 receptor signaling are highlighted as the important contributors to IGF1-related CVD events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin C Erlandsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10A, SE-41345, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Rheumatology Clinic, the Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Region of West Götaland, Sweden.
| | - Lovisa Lyngfelt
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10A, SE-41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - N David Åberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Caroline Wasén
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10A, SE-41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rachelle A Espino
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10A, SE-41345, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Sofia Töyrä Silfverswärd
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10A, SE-41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mitra Nadali
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10A, SE-41345, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Rheumatology Clinic, the Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Region of West Götaland, Sweden
| | - Katharina Jood
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Neurology, the Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin M E Andersson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10A, SE-41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rille Pullerits
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10A, SE-41345, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Rheumatology Clinic, the Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Region of West Götaland, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, the Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria I Bokarewa
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10A, SE-41345, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Rheumatology Clinic, the Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Region of West Götaland, Sweden.
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Pamphlett R, Kum Jew S. Mercury Is Taken Up Selectively by Cells Involved in Joint, Bone, and Connective Tissue Disorders. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:168. [PMID: 31380381 PMCID: PMC6659129 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The causes of most arthropathies, osteoarthritis, and connective tissue disorders remain unknown, but exposure to toxic metals could play a part in their pathogenesis. Human exposure to mercury is common, so to determine whether mercury could be affecting joints, bones, and connective tissues we used a histochemical method to determine the cellular uptake of mercury in mice. Whole neonatal mice were examined since this allowed histological assessment of mercury in joint, bone, and connective tissue cells. Materials and Methods: Pregnant mice were exposed to a non-toxic dose of 0.5 mg/m3 of mercury vapor for 4 h a day on gestational days 14-18. Neonates were sacrificed at postnatal day 1, fixed in formalin, and transverse blocks of the body were processed for paraffin embedding. Seven micrometer sections were stained for inorganic mercury using silver nitrate autometallography, either alone or combined with CD44 immunostaining to detect progenitor cells. Control neonates were not exposed to mercury during gestation. Results: Uptake of mercury was marked in synovial cells, articular chondrocytes, and periosteal and tracheal cartilage cells. Mercury was seen in fibroblasts in the dermis, aorta, esophagus and striated muscle, some of which were CD44-positive progenitor cells, and in the endothelial cells of small blood vessels. Mercury was also present in renal tubules and liver periportal cells. Conclusions: Mercury is taken up selectively by cells that are predominantly affected in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. In addition, fibroblasts in several organs often involved in multisystem connective tissue disorders take up mercury. Mercury provokes the autoimmune, inflammatory, genetic, and epigenetic changes that have been described in a range of arthropathies and bone and connective tissue disorders. These findings support the hypothesis that mercury exposure could trigger some of these disorders, particularly in people with a genetic susceptibility to autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Pamphlett
- Discipline of Pathology, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Neuropathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen Kum Jew
- Discipline of Pathology, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Cardiometabolic comorbidities in RA and PsA: lessons learned and future directions. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2019; 15:461-474. [PMID: 31292564 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-019-0256-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic comorbidities present a considerable burden for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Both RA and PsA are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). PsA more often exhibits an increased risk of metabolically linked comorbidities such as obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Although both RA and PsA are characterized by a state of chronic inflammation, the mechanisms that contribute to CVD risk in these conditions might not be identical. In RA, systemic inflammation is thought to directly contribute to CVD risk, whereas in PsA, adiposity is thought to contribute to a notable metabolic phenotype that, in turn, contributes to CVD risk. Hence, appropriate management strategies that consider the increased risk of cardiometabolic comorbidities in patients with inflammatory arthropathy are important. In RA, such strategies should focus on the prediction of CVD risk and its management through targeting chronic inflammation and traditional CVD risk factors. In PsA, management strategies should additionally focus on targeting metabolic components, including weight management, which might not only help improve disease activity in the joints, entheses and skin, but also reduce the risk of metabolic comorbidities and improve the quality of life of patients.
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Kim HR, Kim KW, Kim BM, Won JY, Min HK, Lee KA, Kim TY, Lee SH. Regulation of Th17 Cytokine-Induced Osteoclastogenesis via SKI306X in Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8071012. [PMID: 31295961 PMCID: PMC6678573 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8071012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the regulatory effect of SKI306X, a mixed extract of three herbs, in T helper (Th)17 cytokine-induced inflammation and joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Synovial fibroblasts were isolated from RA patients and cultured with Th17 cytokines including interleukin (IL)-17, IL-21, and IL-22 and SKI306X, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-1β, and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) expression and production were investigated using real-time PCR and ELISA of culture media. After peripheral blood (PB) cluster of differentiation (CD)14+ monocytes were cultured in media supplemented with Th17 cytokines and SKI306X, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase positive (TRAP+) multinucleated giant cells (mature osteoclasts) were enumerated and gene expression associated with osteoclast maturation was assessed via real-time PCR analysis. After PB monocytes were co-cultured with IL-17-stimulated RA synovial fibroblasts in the presence of SKI306X, osteoclast differentiation was assessed. When RA synovial fibroblasts were cultured with IL-17, IL-21, and IL-22, TNF-α, IL-1β, and RANKL expression and production were increased; however, SKI306X reduced cytokine expression and production. When PB monocytes were cultured in media supplemented with Th17 cytokines, osteoclast differentiation was stimulated; however, SKI306X decreased osteoclast differentiation and osteoclast maker expression. When PB monocytes were co-cultured with IL-17-stimulated RA synovial fibroblasts, osteoclast differentiation was increased; however, SKI306X decreased osteoclast differentiation and osteoclast maker expression. SKI306X reduced Th17 cytokine-induced TNF-α, IL-1β, and RANKL expression and osteoclast differentiation, providing novel insights into adjuvant therapy for regulating inflammation and joint destruction in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Rim Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05030, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Woon Kim
- Conversant Research Consortium in Immunologic Disease, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Bo-Mi Kim
- Conversant Research Consortium in Immunologic Disease, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Won
- Conversant Research Consortium in Immunologic Disease, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Hong-Ki Min
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05030, Korea
| | - Kyung-Ann Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul 04401, Korea
| | - Tae-Young Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05030, Korea
| | - Sang-Heon Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05030, Korea.
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Reiss AB, Silverman A, Khalfan M, Vernice NA, Kasselman LJ, Carsons SE, De Leon J. Accelerated Atherosclerosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Mechanisms and Treatment. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:969-986. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190430113212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune inflammatory disorder that increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. There is accumulating evidence that the RA disease state accelerates the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Treatments for RA improve joint symptomatology and may reduce inflammation, but consideration of their effects on the cardiovascular system is generally low priority.Objective:Since cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in RA patients, the impact of RA therapies on atherosclerosis is an area in need of attention and the focus of this review.Results:The drugs used to treat RA may be analgesics, conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, and/or biologics, including antibodies against the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α. Pain relievers such as nonselective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cyclooxygenase inhibitors may adversely affect lipid metabolism and cyclooxygenase inhibitors have been associated with increased adverse cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction and stroke. Methotrexate, the anchor disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug in RA treatment has multiple atheroprotective advantages and is often combined with other therapies. Biologic inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor-α may be beneficial in preventing cardiovascular disease because tumor necrosis factor-α promotes the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. However, some studies show a worsening of the lipid profile in RA with blockade of this cytokine, leading to higher total cholesterol and triglycerides.Conclusion:Greater understanding of the pharmacologic activity of RA treatments on the atherosclerotic process may lead to improved care, addressing both damages to the joints and heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison B. Reiss
- Winthrop Research Institute, Department of Medicine, NYU Winthrop Hospital, 101 Mineola Boulevard, Suite 4-004, Mineola, NY 11501, United States
| | - Andrew Silverman
- Winthrop Research Institute, Department of Medicine, NYU Winthrop Hospital, 101 Mineola Boulevard, Suite 4-004, Mineola, NY 11501, United States
| | - Muhammed Khalfan
- Winthrop Research Institute, Department of Medicine, NYU Winthrop Hospital, 101 Mineola Boulevard, Suite 4-004, Mineola, NY 11501, United States
| | - Nicholas A. Vernice
- Winthrop Research Institute, Department of Medicine, NYU Winthrop Hospital, 101 Mineola Boulevard, Suite 4-004, Mineola, NY 11501, United States
| | - Lora J. Kasselman
- Winthrop Research Institute, Department of Medicine, NYU Winthrop Hospital, 101 Mineola Boulevard, Suite 4-004, Mineola, NY 11501, United States
| | - Steven E. Carsons
- Winthrop Research Institute, Department of Medicine, NYU Winthrop Hospital, 101 Mineola Boulevard, Suite 4-004, Mineola, NY 11501, United States
| | - Joshua De Leon
- Winthrop Research Institute, Department of Medicine, NYU Winthrop Hospital, 101 Mineola Boulevard, Suite 4-004, Mineola, NY 11501, United States
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Yang Z, Zhao Y, Hao D, Ren S, Yuan X, Meng L, Zhang S. Bindings of PPARγ ligand-binding domain with 5-cholesten-3β, 25-diol, 3-sulfate: accurate prediction by molecular simulation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:1918-1926. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1620129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yizhen Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Dongxiao Hao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shunlin Ren
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs McGuire Medical Center/Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Xiaohui Yuan
- Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingjie Meng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shengli Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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Yamamoto H, Nakajima T, Kawahara R, Nakabo S, Hashimoto M, Yamamoto W, Masuda I, Ito H, Mimori T, Fujii Y. Evaluation of risk factors for atherosclerosis using carotid ultrasonography in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Rheum Dis 2019; 22:1312-1318. [PMID: 31099177 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Previous studies have reported that patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) than the general population. A major cause of CVD is atherosclerosis, which can be evaluated with carotid ultrasonography (US). As far as we know, there have been no large-scale carotid artery US studies in Japanese patients with RA. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for atherosclerosis in Japanese patients with RA. METHODS The study subjects underwent physical examinations, laboratory tests and US examination, and answered a questionnaire about their lifestyle. Carotid US was performed to measure the maximum carotid intima media thickness (max cIMT) and to detect plaques. RESULTS Atherosclerosis was detected in 238 patients (52%). Age, hypertension, and total/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio were positively related to max cIMT. Presence of plaques was related to age, Disease Activity Score of 28 joints-erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR), smoking, and any biological treatment. DAS28-ESR correlated positively not with cIMT but with the development of plaques in our patients with low disease activity (average DAS28-ESR of 2.7). CONCLUSION Disease Activity Score of 28 joints-erythrocyte sedimentation rate was related to the size and number of plaques, whereas only traditional risk factors were related to max cIMT. This indicated that the inflammatory conditions of RA could affect the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. For the management of CVD in patients with RA, it may be important to control not only traditional risk factors, but also RA disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Yamamoto
- Department Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiki Nakajima
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rie Kawahara
- Department Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Nakabo
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Motomu Hashimoto
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Wataru Yamamoto
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Izuru Masuda
- Medical Examination Center, Takeda Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiromu Ito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsuneyo Mimori
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Fujii
- Department Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Holm S, Oma I, Hagve TA, Saatvedt K, Brosstad F, Mikkelsen K, Rydningen H, Risnes I, Almdahl SM, Ueland T, Aukrust P, Halvorsen B, Hollan I. Levels of Lipoprotein (a) in patients with coronary artery disease with and without inflammatory rheumatic disease: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e030651. [PMID: 31079089 PMCID: PMC6530453 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with various inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRDs) have increased risk of atherothrombotic disease. Lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) is a risk factor for atherosclerosis but its role in IRD with accompanying coronary artery disease (CAD) is still unclear. We aimed to examine if serum Lp(a) levels differed between CAD patients with and without accompanying IRD. DESIGN A cross-sectional observational, patient-based cohort study. SETTING Referred centre for coronary artery bypass grafting in the South Eastern part of Norway. PARTICIPANTS 67 CAD patients with IRD (CAD/IRD) and 52 CAD patients without IRD (CAD/non-IRD). All patients were Caucasians, aged >18 years, without any clinically significant infection or malignancy. METHODS Lp(a) levels in serum were analysed by particle enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay, and Lp(a) levels were related to clinical and biochemical characteristics of the patient population. RESULTS We found no differences in serum levels of Lp(a) between CAD patients with and without IRD. In general, we found that Lp(a) correlated poorly with clinical and biochemical parameters including C reactive protein with the same pattern in the CAD/non-IRD and CAD/IRD groups. CONCLUSIONS Our data do not support a link between inflammation and Lp(a) levels in CAD and in general Lp(a) levels were not correlated with other risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sverre Holm
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Ingvild Oma
- Department of Pathology, Sykehuset Innlandet HF Divisjon Lillehammer, Lillehammer, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tor-Arne Hagve
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Diagnostics and Technology, Akershus University Hospital, Lorenskog, Norway
| | - Kjell Saatvedt
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frank Brosstad
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Mikkelsen
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Hans Rydningen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Feiring Heart Clinic, Feiring, Norway
| | - Ivar Risnes
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Feiring Heart Clinic, Feiring, Norway
| | - Sven Martin Almdahl
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivana Hollan
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Lillehammer, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Sykehuset Innlandet HF Divisjon Lillehammer, Lillehammer, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard, Boston, USA
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Balkrishna A, Ranjan R, Sakat SS, Sharma VK, Shukla R, Joshi K, Devkar R, Sharma N, Saklani S, Pathak P, Kumari P, Agarwal VR. Evaluation of polyherbal ayurvedic formulation 'Peedantak Vati' for anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 235:361-374. [PMID: 30703493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Peedantak Vati (PV) is a polyherbal ayurvedic formulation, which is regularly prescribed by the ayurvedic practitioner for the inflammatory disorders and joints pain in India. It is composed of 23 different herbs and minerals, described in ayurvedic text for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive potential of 'Peedantak Vati' using in vitro and in vivo methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS In-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of PV was studied by estimating nitric oxide (NO) and LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, using murine macrophage RAW264.7 and human monocyte THP-1 cell lines. PV's anti-inflammatory potential was studied in vivo using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model. Similarly, anti-nociceptive property of PV was evaluated using hot plate, tail flick, formalin and writhing tests on CD-1 mice. Phytochemical profiling of hydro-alcoholic extract of PV was done using HPLC and HPTLC techniques to identify different marker compounds. These identified marker compounds were confirmed using LC-MS/MS analysis. RESULTS In vitro results strongly suggest that, PV significantly (p < 0.001) inhibited NO release and LPS-stimulated pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, in murine RAW264.7 and human THP-1 cells. Further, PV demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) anti-inflammatory activity at different time points after carrageenan injection with maximum effect at 2 h (40.4 ± 5.2% at 400 mg/kg). Similarly, PV significantly (p < 0.05) decreased nociceptive pain, studied using hot plate, tail flick, formalin and writhing tests. Moreover, HPLC and HPTLC methods were developed for the standardization of PV. Five marker phytocompounds viz. rutin, caffeic acid, colchicine, withaferin A and curcumin were identified and quantified by HPLC and HPTLC methods. The presence of these phytoconstituents was confirmed by LC-MS/MS analysis. CONCLUSION The findings of the study strongly suggest that, the polyherbal ayurvedic formulation 'Peedantak Vati' possesses remarkable anti-inflammatory and analgesic property, providing potent alternative for currently available allopathic medicines such as non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Acharya Balkrishna
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India
| | - Ravikant Ranjan
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India.
| | - Sachin S Sakat
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India
| | - Vinay K Sharma
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India
| | - Ravikant Shukla
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India
| | - Khemraj Joshi
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India
| | - Raviraj Devkar
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India
| | - Niti Sharma
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India
| | - Sonia Saklani
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India
| | - Prateek Pathak
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India
| | - Pratima Kumari
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India
| | - Veena R Agarwal
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India
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Challenges in the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Autoimmun Rev 2019; 18:706-713. [PMID: 31059844 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by a heterogeneous clinical response to the different treatments. Some patients are difficult to treat and do not reach the treatment targets as clinical remission or low disease activity. Known negative prognostic factors, such as the presence of auto-antiantibodies and joint erosion, the presence of a genetic profile, comorbidities and extra-articular manifestations, pregnancy or a pregnancy wish may concur to the treatment failure. In this review we aimed at identify difficult to treat RA patients and define the optimal therapeutic and environmental targets. Genetic markers of severity such as HLA-DRB1, TRAF1, PSORS1C1 and microRNA 146a are differently associated with joint damage; other gene polymorphisms seem to be associated with response to biologic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs). The presence of comorbidities and/or extra-articular manifestations may influence the therapeutic choice; overweight and obese patients are less responsive to TNF inhibitors. In this context the patient profiling can improve the clinical outcome. Targeting different pathways, molecules, and cells involved in the pathogenesis of RA may in part justify the lack response of some patients. An overview of the future therapeutic targets, including bDMARDs (inhibitors of IL-6, GM-CSF, matrix metalloproteinases, chemokines) and targeted synthetic DMARDs (filgotinib, ABT-494, pefacitinib, decernotinib), and environmental targets is addressed. Environmental factors, such as diet and cigarette smoke, may influence susceptibility to autoimmune diseases and interfere with inflammatory pathways. Mediterranean diet, low salt intake, cocoa, curcumin, and physical activity seem to show beneficial effects, however studies of dose finding, safety and efficacy in RA need to be performed.
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El-Menoufy MA, El-Kak AEAA, Ahmed MA. Unusual CD4+CD28− T lymphocyte subset is implicated in the pathogenesis of early atherosclerosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. THE EGYPTIAN RHEUMATOLOGIST 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejr.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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130
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Thimóteo NSB, Iryioda TMV, Alfieri DF, Rego BEF, Scavuzzi BM, Fatel E, Lozovoy MAB, Simão ANC, Dichi I. Cranberry juice decreases disease activity in women with rheumatoid arthritis. Nutrition 2019; 60:112-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Zhao CN, Wu Q, Mao YM, Liu LN, Dan YL, Li XM, Wang DG, Pan HF. Elevated circulating asymmetric dimethylarginine levels in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Amino Acids 2019; 51:773-782. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02714-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Koulouri V, Koutsilieris M, Mavragani CP. B cells and atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2019; 15:417-429. [DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2019.1571411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Koulouri
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Koutsilieris
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Clio P. Mavragani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Balogh E, Pusztai A, Hamar A, Végh E, Szamosi S, Kerekes G, McCormick J, Biniecka M, Szántó S, Szűcs G, Nagy Z, Fearon U, Veale DJ, Szekanecz Z. Autoimmune and angiogenic biomarkers in autoimmune atherosclerosis. Clin Immunol 2019; 199:47-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Rheumatoid Arthritis: Atherosclerosis Imaging and Cardiovascular Risk Assessment Using Machine and Deep Learning-Based Tissue Characterization. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2019; 21:7. [PMID: 30684090 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-019-0766-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, autoimmune disease which may result in a higher risk of cardiovascular (CV) events and stroke. Tissue characterization and risk stratification of patients with rheumatoid arthritis are a challenging problem. Risk stratification of RA patients using traditional risk factor-based calculators either underestimates or overestimates the CV risk. Advancements in medical imaging have facilitated early and accurate CV risk stratification compared to conventional cardiovascular risk calculators. RECENT FINDING In recent years, a link between carotid atherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis has been widely discussed by multiple studies. Imaging the carotid artery using 2-D ultrasound is a noninvasive, economic, and efficient imaging approach that provides an atherosclerotic plaque tissue-specific image. Such images can help to morphologically characterize the plaque type and accurately measure vital phenotypes such as media wall thickness and wall variability. Intelligence-based paradigms such as machine learning- and deep learning-based techniques not only automate the risk characterization process but also provide an accurate CV risk stratification for better management of RA patients. This review provides a brief understanding of the pathogenesis of RA and its association with carotid atherosclerosis imaged using the B-mode ultrasound technique. Lacunas in traditional risk scores and the role of machine learning-based tissue characterization algorithms are discussed and could facilitate cardiovascular risk assessment in RA patients. The key takeaway points from this review are the following: (i) inflammation is a common link between RA and atherosclerotic plaque buildup, (ii) carotid ultrasound is a better choice to characterize the atherosclerotic plaque tissues in RA patients, and (iii) intelligence-based paradigms are useful for accurate tissue characterization and risk stratification of RA patients.
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136
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Vona R, Di Franco M, Gambardella L, Di Lollo AC, Iannuccelli C, Valesini G, Malorni W, Straface E. Potential role of platelets for atherosclerotic events in rheumatoid arthritis. FEBS Open Bio 2018; 8:1888-1896. [PMID: 30524940 PMCID: PMC6275263 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease with increased risk of cardiovascular events and mortality that can be attributed to accelerated atherosclerosis. This pilot study aimed to investigate if changes in blood parameters were compatible with atherosclerotic events in RA patients. To this aim, 45 RA women (aged more than 18 years), and 25 age and gender-matched healthy donors (HD) were included. Biomarkers of oxidative stress, platelet activation and platelet aggregation were analysed in RA patients at baseline and after six months of treatment with disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Flow cytometry analysis revealed that ca. 4% of platelets was in activated state (evaluated in term of Annexin V and PAC-1 positivity) in RA patients at baseline, and that the 76% of platelets displayed mitochondrial hyperpolarization. Moreover, platelets from RA patients at baseline aggregated more than those from HD after whole blood treatment with adenosine diphosphate. Interestingly, platelet aggregation in patients at baseline positively correlated with disease activity measured by DAS28 score. After six months of treatment with DMARDs, platelet activation and platelet aggregation reached values comparable to those of HD. Our preliminary data suggest that platelets might play an active role in the atherosclerosis occurring in RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Vona
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine Biomarkers Unit Istituto Superiore di Sanità Rome Italy
| | - Manuela Di Franco
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities Rheumatology Unit Sapienza University of Rome Italy
| | - Lucrezia Gambardella
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine Biomarkers Unit Istituto Superiore di Sanità Rome Italy
| | - Anna C Di Lollo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities Rheumatology Unit Sapienza University of Rome Italy
| | - Cristina Iannuccelli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities Rheumatology Unit Sapienza University of Rome Italy
| | - Guido Valesini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities Rheumatology Unit Sapienza University of Rome Italy
| | - Walter Malorni
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine Biomarkers Unit Istituto Superiore di Sanità Rome Italy
| | - Elisabetta Straface
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine Biomarkers Unit Istituto Superiore di Sanità Rome Italy
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Mangoni AA, Tommasi S, Zinellu A, Sotgia S, Carru C, Piga M, Erre GL. Repurposing existing drugs for cardiovascular risk management: a focus on methotrexate. Drugs Context 2018; 7:212557. [PMID: 30459819 PMCID: PMC6239018 DOI: 10.7573/dic.212557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
About 20% of patients with a history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease will experience further cardiovascular events despite maximal pharmacological treatment with cardioprotective drugs. This highlights the presence of residual cardiovascular risk in a significant proportion of patients and the need for novel, more effective therapies. These therapies should ideally target different pathophysiological pathways involved in the onset and the progression of atherosclerosis, particularly the inflammatory and immune pathways. Methotrexate is a first-line disease-modifying antirheumatic drug that is widely used for the management of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disorders. There is some in vitro and in vivo evidence that methotrexate might exert a unique combination of anti-inflammatory, blood pressure lowering, and vasculoprotective effects. Pending the results of large prospective studies investigating surrogate end-points as well as morbidity and mortality, repurposing methotrexate for cardiovascular risk management might represent a cost-effective strategy with immediate public health benefits. This review discusses the current challenges in the management of cardiovascular disease; the available evidence on the effects of methotrexate on inflammation, blood pressure, and surrogate markers of arterial function; suggestions for future research directions; and practical considerations with the use of methotrexate in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arduino A Mangoni
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sara Tommasi
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Sotgia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Ciriaco Carru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Quality Control Unit, University Hospital (AOUSS), Sassari, Italy
| | - Matteo Piga
- Rheumatology Unit, University Clinic and AOU of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gian Luca Erre
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital (AOUSS) and University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Sowers T, Emelianov S. Exogenous imaging contrast and therapeutic agents for intravascular photoacoustic imaging and image-guided therapy. Phys Med Biol 2018; 63:22TR01. [PMID: 30403195 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aae62b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intravascular photoacoustic (IVPA) imaging has been developed in recent years as a viable imaging modality for the assessment of atherosclerotic plaques. Exogenous imaging contrast and therapeutic agents further enhance this imaging modality and provide significant benefits. Imaging contrast agents can significantly increase photoacoustic signal, resulting in enhanced plaque detection and characterization. The ability to use these particles to molecularly target markers of disease progression makes it possible to determine patient-specific levels of risk and plan treatments accordingly. With improved diagnosis, clinicians will be able to use therapeutic agents that are synergistic with IVPA imaging to treat atherosclerotic patients. Pre-clinical and clinical studies with relevance to IVPA imaging have shown promise in the area of diagnosis and therapeutics. In this review, we present a variety of imaging contrast agents that are either designed for or are compatible with IVPA imaging, cover uses of therapeutic agents that compliment this imaging modality, and discuss future directions of research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Sowers
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America. George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
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Lambert LM, Pipinos II, Baxter BT, Chatzizisis YS, Ryu SJ, Leighton RI, Wei T. In vitro measurements of hemodynamic forces and their effects on endothelial cell mechanics at the sub-cellular level. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2018; 12:064101. [PMID: 30473738 PMCID: PMC6226388 DOI: 10.1063/1.5028122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents micro-particle tracking velocimetry measurements over cultured bovine aortic endothelial cell monolayers in microchannels. The objective was to quantify fluid forces and cell morphology at the sub-cellular scale for monolayers subjected to steady shear rates of 5, 10, and 20 dyn/cm2. The ultimate goal of this study was to develop an experimental methodology for in vitro detailed study of physiologically realistic healthy and diseased conditions. Cell topography, shear stress, and pressure distributions were calculated from sets of velocity fields made in planes parallel to the microchannel wall. For each experiment, measurements were made in 3 h intervals for 18 h. It was found that there is a three-dimensional change in cell morphology as a result of applied shear stress. That is, cells flatten and become more wedge shaped in the stream direction while conserving volume by spreading laterally, i.e., in the cross-stream direction. These changes in cell morphology are directly related to local variations in fluid loading, i.e., shear stress and pressure. This paper describes the first flow measurements over a confluent layer of endothelial cells that are spatially resolved at the sub-cellular scale with a simultaneous temporal resolution to quantify the response of cells to fluid loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. M. Lambert
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - I. I. Pipinos
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - B. T. Baxter
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - Y. S. Chatzizisis
- Cardiovascular Biology and Biomechanics Laboratory, Cardiovascular Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - S. J. Ryu
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | | | - T. Wei
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
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Differential expression of vitamin D associated genes in the aorta of coronary artery disease patients with and without rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202346. [PMID: 30138371 PMCID: PMC6107153 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D has an important role in the immune system, and has been linked to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and coronary artery disease (CAD). The exact mechanisms by which vitamin D is involved in these processes are still unclear. Therefore, we wanted to search for differences in expression of genes involved in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) activation pathway and genes that are known to alter upon vitamin D stimulation, in the aortic adventitia of CAD patients with and without RA. Methods Affymetrix microarray was used to determine gene expression profile in surgical specimens from the adventitia of the ascending aorta of CAD patients with RA (n = 8) and without RA (n = 8) from the Feiring Heart Biopsy Study. Results We identified three vitamin D associated genes that were differentially expressed between RA and non-RA patients: Growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein 45 alpha (GADD45A) (FC = 1.47; p = 0.006), Nuclear Receptor Co-repressor 1 (NCOR1) (FC = 1,21; p = 0.005) and paraoxonases 2 (PON2) (FC = -1.37; p = 0.01). High expression of GADD45A in RA tissues was confirmed by real-time qRT-PCR. GADD45A expression correlated with plasma levels of 1,25(OH)2D3 (rs = 0.69; p = 0.003). Conclusions Microarray analyses revealed higher expression of GADD45A and NCOR1; and lower expression of PON2 in the aortic adventitia of RA than non-RA patients. Further studies are needed to elucidate if and how GADD45A, NCOR1 and PON2 are involved in the development of accelerated atherosclerosis in RA. In theory, some of these factors might have proatherogenic effects whereas others might reflect an underlying vascular pathology promoting atherogenesis (such as vascular stress).
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Fernandez DM, Clemente JC, Giannarelli C. Physical Activity, Immune System, and the Microbiome in Cardiovascular Disease. Front Physiol 2018; 9:763. [PMID: 30013482 PMCID: PMC6036301 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular health is a primary research focus, as it is a leading contributor to mortality and morbidity worldwide, and is prohibitively costly for healthcare. Atherosclerosis, the main driver of cardiovascular disease, is now recognized as an inflammatory disorder. Physical activity (PA) may have a more important role in cardiovascular health than previously expected. This review overviews the contribution of PA to cardiovascular health, the inflammatory role of atherosclerosis, and the emerging evidence of the microbiome as a regulator of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn M. Fernandez
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jose C. Clemente
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Chiara Giannarelli
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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Systemic Inflammatory Response and Atherosclerosis: The Paradigm of Chronic Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071890. [PMID: 29954107 PMCID: PMC6073407 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with Chronic Inflammatory Rheumatic diseases (CIRD) are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), ascribed not only to classical risk factors, but also to the presence of chronic systemic inflammatory response. Αtherosclerosis, the cornerstone of CVD, is known to be accelerated in CIRD; rheumatoid arthritis promotes atheromatosis and associates with preclinical atherosclerosis equivalent to Diabetes Mellitus, which also seems to apply for systemic lupus erythematosus. Data on ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis, albeit more limited, also support an increased CV risk in these patients. The association between inflammation and atherosclerosis, has been thoroughly investigated in the last three decades and the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis and progression of atherogenesis has been well established. Endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress in vascular endothelial cells and macrophage accumulation, toll-like receptor signaling, NLPR-3 formation and subsequent pro-inflammatory cytokine production, such as TNFa, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-like cytokine 1A, are few of the mechanisms implicated in the atherogenic process. Moreover, there is evidence that anti-inflammatory biologic drugs, such as anti-TNF and anti-IL1β agents, can decelerate the atherogenic process, thus setting new therapeutic targets for early and effective disease control and suppression of inflammation, in addition to aggressive management of classical CV risk factors.
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Hang Y, Qin X, Ren T, Cao J. Baicalin reduces blood lipids and inflammation in patients with coronary artery disease and rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:146. [PMID: 29935544 PMCID: PMC6015450 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0797-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have an increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) above the baseline. Baicalin possesses beneficial effects against both RA and CAD, but little is know on its clincial efficacy among patients manifesting both CAD and RA. Methods Three hundred seventy four patients with CAD and RA were randomized to receive either 500 mg baicalin or placebo orally everyday for 12 weeks. Lipid profile, cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response were analyzed at the end of study period. Results After 12 week treatment, levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and apolipoproteins, as well as CT-1 and hs-CRP, were all significantly improved in the baicalin group compared to the placebo group (1.12 ± 0.36 vs 1.87 ± 0.46 mmol/L, 2.87 ± 1.23 vs 3.22 ± 1.07 mmol/L, 1.38 ± 0.41 vs 1.16 ± 0.32 mmol/L, 1.31 ± 0.41 vs 1.23 ± 0.29 g/L, 42.9 ± 13.7 vs 128.4 ± 24.3 ng/mL, 1.64 ± 0.38 vs 3.9 ± 1.4 mg/dL, respectively). Significantly higher proportion of patients in the baicalin group (71%) reported good/moderate EULAR response than the placebo group (53%). Conclusion Baicalin reduces blood lipids and inflammation in patients with both CAD and RA, supporting its further clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxing Hang
- Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital, 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi, 214000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xian Qin
- Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital, 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi, 214000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Tianli Ren
- Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital, 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi, 214000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianing Cao
- Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital, 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi, 214000, Jiangsu, China
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Dragoljevic D, Kraakman MJ, Nagareddy PR, Ngo D, Shihata W, Kammoun HL, Whillas A, Lee MKS, Al-Sharea A, Pernes G, Flynn MC, Lancaster GI, Febbraio MA, Chin-Dusting J, Hanaoka BY, Wicks IP, Murphy AJ. Defective cholesterol metabolism in haematopoietic stem cells promotes monocyte-driven atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis. Eur Heart J 2018; 39:2158-2167. [PMID: 29905812 PMCID: PMC6001889 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with an approximately two-fold elevated risk of cardiovascular (CV)-related mortality. Patients with RA present with systemic inflammation including raised circulating myeloid cells, but fail to display traditional CV risk-factors, particularly dyslipidaemia. We aimed to explore if increased circulating myeloid cells is associated with impaired atherosclerotic lesion regression or altered progression in RA. Methods and results Using flow cytometry, we noted prominent monocytosis, neutrophilia, and thrombocytosis in two mouse models of RA. This was due to enhanced proliferation of the haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in the bone marrow and the spleen. HSPCs expansion was associated with an increase in the cholesterol content, due to a down-regulation of cholesterol efflux genes, Apoe, Abca1, and Abcg1. The HSPCs also had enhanced expression of key myeloid promoting growth factor receptors. Systemic inflammation was found to cause defective cellular cholesterol metabolism. Increased myeloid cells in mice with RA were associated with a significant impairment in lesion regression, even though cholesterol levels were equivalent to non-arthritic mice. Lesions from arthritic mice exhibited a less stable phenotype as demonstrated by increased immune cell infiltration, lipid accumulation, and decreased collagen formation. In a progression model, we noted monocytosis, enhanced monocytes recruitment to lesions, and increased plaque macrophages. This was reversed with administration of reconstituted high-density lipoprotein (rHDL). Furthermore, RA patients have expanded CD16+ monocyte subsets and a down-regulation of ABCA1 and ABCG1. Conclusion Rheumatoid arthritis impairs atherosclerotic regression and alters progression, which is associated with an expansion of myeloid cells and disturbed cellular cholesterol handling, independent of plasma cholesterol levels. Infusion of rHDL prevented enhanced myelopoiesis and monocyte entry into lesions. Targeting cellular cholesterol defects in people with RA, even if plasma cholesterol is within the normal range, may limit vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Dragoljevic
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology Laboratory, Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Rd, 3004 Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, 89 Commercial Road, 3004 Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael J Kraakman
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology Laboratory, Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Rd, 3004 Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Human Nutrition, Naomi Berrie Diabetes Centre, Columbia University, New York, 1150 St Nicholas Ave, 10032 NY, USA
| | - Prabhakara R Nagareddy
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave South, 35294 AL, USA
| | - Devi Ngo
- Inflammation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, 3052 Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Waled Shihata
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology Laboratory, Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Rd, 3004 Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Wellington Road, 3800 Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helene L Kammoun
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology Laboratory, Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Rd, 3004 Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, 89 Commercial Road, 3004 Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexandra Whillas
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology Laboratory, Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Rd, 3004 Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Man Kit Sam Lee
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology Laboratory, Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Rd, 3004 Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, 89 Commercial Road, 3004 Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Annas Al-Sharea
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology Laboratory, Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Rd, 3004 Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, 89 Commercial Road, 3004 Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gerard Pernes
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology Laboratory, Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Rd, 3004 Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, 89 Commercial Road, 3004 Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michelle C Flynn
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology Laboratory, Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Rd, 3004 Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, 89 Commercial Road, 3004 Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Graeme I Lancaster
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology Laboratory, Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Rd, 3004 Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, 89 Commercial Road, 3004 Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark A Febbraio
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism, Division of Diabetes & Metabolism, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, 2010 Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jaye Chin-Dusting
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Wellington Road, 3800 Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Beatriz Y Hanaoka
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave South, 35294 AL, USA
| | - Ian P Wicks
- Inflammation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, 3052 Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Rheumatology Unit, Royal Melbourne Hospital, 300 Grattan St, 3050 Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology Laboratory, Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Rd, 3004 Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, 89 Commercial Road, 3004 Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Giollo A, Bissell LA, Buch MH. Cardiovascular outcomes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis prescribed disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs: a review. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2018; 17:697-708. [PMID: 29871535 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2018.1483331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with a heightened risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), with both traditional CV risk factors and inflammation contributing to this risk. AREAS COVERED This review highlights the burden of CVD in RA and associated traditional CV risk factors, including the complexity of dyslipidemia in RA and the so-called 'lipid paradox.' Furthermore, the recognized RA-disease-specific factors associated with higher risk of CVD and the role of systemic inflammation in the pathogenesis of CVD in RA will be addressed. With the advent of biologic and targeted synthetic therapies in the treatment of RA, the effect of conventional and newer generation disease modifying anti-rheumatic therapies (DMARDs) on CV risk and associated risk factors will also be discussed. EXPERT OPINION Identifying the RA phenotype at greatest risk of CVD, understanding the interplay of increased traditional risk factors, common inflammatory processes and RA-specific factors, and personalized use of DMARDs according to disease phenotype and comorbidity to reduce this risk are key areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Giollo
- a Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine , University of Leeds, Chapel Allerton Hospital , Leeds , UK.,b NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre , Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust , Leeds , LS7 4SA , UK.,c Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit , University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Lesley-Anne Bissell
- a Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine , University of Leeds, Chapel Allerton Hospital , Leeds , UK.,b NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre , Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust , Leeds , LS7 4SA , UK
| | - Maya H Buch
- a Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine , University of Leeds, Chapel Allerton Hospital , Leeds , UK.,b NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre , Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust , Leeds , LS7 4SA , UK
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Yvan-Charvet L, Swirski FK. Is defective cholesterol efflux an integral inflammatory component in myelopoiesis-driven cardiovascular diseases? Eur Heart J 2018; 39:2168-2171. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Yvan-Charvet
- INSERM U1065, Université Côte d’Azur, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Atip-Avenir, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire Oncoage, Nice, France
| | - Filip K Swirski
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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The Multifaceted Uses and Therapeutic Advantages of Nanoparticles for Atherosclerosis Research. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11050754. [PMID: 29738480 PMCID: PMC5978131 DOI: 10.3390/ma11050754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are uniquely suited for the study and development of potential therapies against atherosclerosis by virtue of their size, fine-tunable properties, and ability to incorporate therapies and/or imaging modalities. Furthermore, nanoparticles can be specifically targeted to the atherosclerotic plaque, evading off-target effects and/or associated cytotoxicity. There has been a wealth of knowledge available concerning the use of nanotechnologies in cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis, in particular in animal models, but with a major focus on imaging agents. In fact, roughly 60% of articles from an initial search for this review included examples of imaging applications of nanoparticles. Thus, this review focuses on experimental therapy interventions applied to and observed in animal models. Particular emphasis is placed on how nanoparticle materials and properties allow researchers to learn a great deal about atherosclerosis. The objective of this review was to provide an update for nanoparticle use in imaging and drug delivery studies and to illustrate how nanoparticles can be used for sensing and modelling, for studying fundamental biological mechanisms, and for the delivery of biotherapeutics such as proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, and even cells all with the goal of attenuating atherosclerosis. Furthermore, the various atherosclerosis processes targeted mainly for imaging studies have been summarized in the hopes of inspiring new and exciting targeted therapeutic and/or imaging strategies.
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Pedard M, Quirié A, Totoson P, Verhoeven F, Garnier P, Tessier A, Demougeot C, Marie C. Vascular brain-derived neurotrophic factor pathway in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis: Effect of anti-rheumatic drugs. Atherosclerosis 2018; 274:77-85. [PMID: 29753231 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In rheumatoid arthritis, the control of both disease activity and standard cardiovascular (CV) risk factors is expected to attenuate the increased CV risk. Evidence that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a role in vascular biology led us to investigate the vascular BDNF pathway in arthritis rats as well as the interaction between endothelial nitric oxide (NO) and BDNF production. METHODS The aortic BDNF pathway was studied in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis, (AIA) using Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis. Control of arthritis score was achieved by administration (for 3 weeks) of an equipotent dosage of etanercept, prednisolone, methotrexate, celecoxib or diclofenac. Aortas were exposed to an NO donor or an NO synthase inhibitor and vasoreactivity experiments were performed using LM22A-4 as a TrkB agonist. RESULTS Vascular BDNF and full length tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor (TrkB-FL) were higher in AIA than in control rats. These changes coincided with decreased endothelial immunoreactivity in BDNF and pTrkBtyr816 and were disconnected from arthritis score. Among anti-rheumatic drugs, only prednisolone and methotrexate prevented AIA-induced vascular BDNF loss. The effect of AIA on aortic BDNF levels was reversed by an NO donor and reproduced by an NOS inhibitor. Finally, LM22A-4 induced both NO-dependent vasodilation and phosphorylation of endothelial NO synthase at serine 1177. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified changes in the BDNF/TrkB pathway as a disease activity-independent component of AIA-associated changes in endothelial phenotype. It provides new perspectives in the understanding and management of the high CV risk reported in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pedard
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences de Santé, F-21000, Dijon, France; Service de Neurologie, CHRU, Dijon, France
| | - Aurore Quirié
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences de Santé, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Perle Totoson
- EA4267 PEPITE, FHU INCREASE, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25030, Besançon, France
| | - Frank Verhoeven
- EA4267 PEPITE, FHU INCREASE, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25030, Besançon, France
| | - Philippe Garnier
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences de Santé, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Anne Tessier
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences de Santé, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Céline Demougeot
- EA4267 PEPITE, FHU INCREASE, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25030, Besançon, France
| | - Christine Marie
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences de Santé, F-21000, Dijon, France.
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Liu CL, Guo J, Zhang X, Sukhova GK, Libby P, Shi GP. Cysteine protease cathepsins in cardiovascular disease: from basic research to clinical trials. Nat Rev Cardiol 2018; 15:351-370. [DOI: 10.1038/s41569-018-0002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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150
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Jagpal A, Navarro-Millán I. Cardiovascular co-morbidity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a narrative review of risk factors, cardiovascular risk assessment and treatment. BMC Rheumatol 2018; 2:10. [PMID: 30886961 PMCID: PMC6390616 DOI: 10.1186/s41927-018-0014-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is markedly increased in patients with rheumatoid arthritis partly due to accelerated atherosclerosis from chronic inflammation. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, diabetes mellitus and physical inactivity are also highly prevalent among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and contribute to the CVD risk. The impact of traditional risk factors on the CVD risk appears to be different in the RA and non-RA population. However, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, body mass index and family history of CVD influence the CVD risk in RA patients the same way they do for the non-RA population. Despite that, screening and treatment of these risk factors is suboptimal among patients with RA. Recent guidelines from the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) recommend aggressive management of traditional risk factors in addition to RA disease activity control to decrease the CVD risk. Several CVD risk calculators are available for clinical use to stratify a patients' risk of developing a CVD event. Most of these calculators do not account for RA as a risk factor; thus, a multiplication factor of 1.5 is recommended to predict the risk more accurately. In order to reduce CVD in the RA population, national guidelines for the prevention of CVD should be applied to manage traditional risk factors in addition to aggressive control of RA disease activity. While current data suggests a protective effect of non-biologic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and biologics on cardiovascular events among patients with RA, more data is needed to define this effect more accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aprajita Jagpal
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 836 Faculty Office Tower, 510 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - Iris Navarro-Millán
- Joan and Sanford I Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Division of General Internal Medicine, 525 East 68th Street, F-2019, PO Box #331, New York, NY 10065 USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY USA
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