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Kwon C, Cheng P, King IN, Andersen P, Shenje L, Nigam V, Srivastava D. Notch post-translationally regulates β-catenin protein in stem and progenitor cells. Nat Cell Biol 2011; 13:1244-51. [PMID: 21841793 PMCID: PMC3187850 DOI: 10.1038/ncb2313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cellular decisions of self-renewal or differentiation arise from integration and reciprocal titration of numerous regulatory networks. Notch and Wnt/β-catenin signalling often intersect in stem and progenitor cells and regulate each other transcriptionally. The biological outcome of signalling through each pathway often depends on the context and timing as cells progress through stages of differentiation. Here, we show that membrane-bound Notch physically associates with unphosphorylated (active) β-catenin in stem and colon cancer cells and negatively regulates post-translational accumulation of active β-catenin protein. Notch-dependent regulation of β-catenin protein did not require ligand-dependent membrane cleavage of Notch or the glycogen synthase kinase-3β-dependent activity of the β-catenin destruction complex. It did, however, require the endocytic adaptor protein Numb and lysosomal activity. This study reveals a previously unrecognized function of Notch in negatively titrating active β-catenin protein levels in stem and progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulan Kwon
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Paul Cheng
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Isabelle N. King
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Peter Andersen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Lincoln Shenje
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Vishal Nigam
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Deepak Srivastava
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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102
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Kuncharin Y, Sangphech N, Kueanjinda P, Bhattarakosol P, Palaga T. MAML1 regulates cell viability via the NF-κB pathway in cervical cancer cell lines. Exp Cell Res 2011; 317:1830-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2011.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Revised: 05/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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103
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Schwarz K, Romanski A, Puccetti E, Wietbrauk S, Vogel A, Keller M, Scott JW, Serve H, Bug G. The deacetylase inhibitor LAQ824 induces notch signalling in haematopoietic progenitor cells. Leuk Res 2011; 35:119-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2010.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Revised: 05/08/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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104
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Abstract
Early genetics in flies revealed that Notch is a complex pleiotropic locus. We now know that Notch is a receptor that plays prominent roles during development and functions locally in many tissues to instruct cell fate decisions. Drosophila has been an excellent model to identify genetically the elements that contribute to the canonical Notch signaling transduction machinery defined as DSL-Notch-CSL-MAML axis. This core pathway is required in many biological events in all animals. Though the canonical Notch pathway is relatively simple, and as the steps of the events are now more deeply understood, an increasing number of reports in the last decade show that many other molecules can influence Notch signaling, some by competing with a given element of the cascade. This may occur at any step bringing more diversity and plasticity to the Notch pathway. Most of these regulatory molecules act in a context-specific manner and/or are themselves key regulators in other pathways, providing increasing examples of how connections among distinct pathway modulate each other ("cross talk"). The noncanonical signals discussed in this chapter are broadly defined and correspond to the following: DSL-independent activations, interactions with non-DSL ligands, CSL-independent signaling, signal transduction without cleavage, differential posttranslational modifications, competition/protection for a cofactor, and cross talk with other signaling pathways [Wnt, bone morphogenic protein (BMP), NF-kappaB, etc.]. Though some deemed controversial, these events may impact human diseases. Understanding the molecular nature of these events will allow avoidance of adverse effects during possible clinical treatments. In this review, we will focus on some noncanonical Notch activities and their in vivo significance during developmental and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Heitzler
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
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105
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Zanotti S, Smerdel-Ramoya A, Canalis E. Reciprocal regulation of Notch and nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) c1 transactivation in osteoblasts. J Biol Chem 2010; 286:4576-88. [PMID: 21131365 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.161893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch are transmembrane receptors involved in the determination of cell fate. Nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT)c are transcription factors that control cell differentiation and function. We tested whether Notch and NFAT signaling pathways interacted in osteoblastic cells. Notch signaling was induced in ST-2 cells using vectors expressing Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD), and in Rosa(Notch) osteoblastic cells by Cre recombinase-mediated excision of a loxP-flanked STOP cassette cloned between the Rosa26 promoter and NICD. NFATc1 was induced in Rosa(Notch) osteoblastic cells by transducing an adenoviral vector expressing constitutively active NFATc1. Notch inhibited NFAT transactivation and NFATc1 transcription. In ST-2 cells, suppression of NFAT transactivation by Notch was reversed by constitutively active cGMP-dependent protein kinase type II. NFATc1 inhibited the transactivation of Notch target genes, and competed for binding to DNA with the Notch interacting protein Epstein-Barr virus latency C promoter binding factor-1, suppressor of hairless, Lag-1 (CSL). Co-immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy demonstrated that NFATc1 and CSL interacted. Studies on the effects of NICD and NFATc1 on the differentiation and function of osteoblastic cells demonstrated that NICD and NFATc1 inhibited expression of osteoblast gene markers in Rosa(Notch) osteoblasts, but only NICD suppressed the commitment of bone marrow stromal cells to the osteoblastic lineage. In conclusion, NICD and NFATc1 reciprocally inhibit their signaling pathways, and form a regulatory network to control their activity in osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Zanotti
- Department of Research, Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut 06105, USA
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106
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Ohashi S, Natsuizaka M, Yashiro-Ohtani Y, Kalman RA, Nakagawa M, Wu L, Klein-Szanto AJ, Herlyn M, Diehl JA, Katz JP, Pear WS, Seykora JT, Nakagawa H. NOTCH1 and NOTCH3 coordinate esophageal squamous differentiation through a CSL-dependent transcriptional network. Gastroenterology 2010; 139:2113-23. [PMID: 20801121 PMCID: PMC2997138 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Revised: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The Notch receptor family regulates cell fate through cell-cell communication. CSL (CBF-1/RBP-jκ, Su(H), Lag-1) drives canonical Notch-mediated gene transcription during cell lineage specification, differentiation, and proliferation in the hematopoietic system, the intestine, the pancreas, and the skin. However, the functional roles of Notch in esophageal squamous epithelial biology are unknown. METHODS Normal esophageal keratinocytes were stimulated with calcium chloride to induce terminal differentiation. The squamous epithelia were reconstituted in organotypic 3-dimensional culture, a form of human tissue engineering. Notch was inhibited in culture with a γ-secretase inhibitor or dominant negative mastermind-like 1 (DNMAML1). The roles of Notch receptors were evaluated by in vitro gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments. Additionally, DNMAML1 was targeted to the mouse esophagus by cytokeratin K14 promoter-driven Cre (K14Cre) recombination of Lox-STOP-Lox-DNMAML1. Notch-regulated gene expression was determined by reporter transfection, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS NOTCH1 (N1) was activated at the onset of squamous differentiation in the esophagus. Intracellular domain of N1 (ICN1) directly activated NOTCH3 (N3) transcription, inducing HES5 and early differentiation markers such as involucrin (IVL) and cytokeratin CK13 in a CSL-dependent fashion. N3 enhanced ICN1 activity and was required for squamous differentiation. Loss of Notch signaling in K14Cre;DNMAML1 mice perturbed esophageal squamous differentiation and resulted in N3 loss and basal cell hyperplasia. CONCLUSIONS Notch signaling is important for esophageal epithelial homeostasis. In particular, the cross talk of N3 with N1 during differentiation provides novel, mechanistic insights into Notch signaling and squamous epithelial biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Ohashi
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mitsuteru Natsuizaka
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yumi Yashiro-Ohtani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ross A. Kalman
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Momo Nakagawa
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lizi Wu
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | | | - J. Alan Diehl
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jonathan P. Katz
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Warren S. Pear
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John T. Seykora
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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107
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Forghanifard MM, Farshchian M, Raeisossadati R, Forghani MN, Moghbeli M, Naseh H, Abbaszadegan MR. Mastermind-like 1 (MAML-1) as a new metastatic marker in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Proc 2010. [DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-4-s2-p3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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108
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Köchert K, Ullrich K, Kreher S, Aster JC, Kitagawa M, Jöhrens K, Anagnostopoulos I, Jundt F, Lamprecht B, Zimber-Strobl U, Stein H, Janz M, Dörken B, Mathas S. High-level expression of Mastermind-like 2 contributes to aberrant activation of the NOTCH signaling pathway in human lymphomas. Oncogene 2010; 30:1831-40. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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109
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Abstract
Soluble components of Notch signalling can be applied to manipulate a central pathway essential for the development of metazoans and often deregulated in illnesses such as stroke, cancer or cardiovascular diseases. Commonly, the Notch cascade is inhibited by small compound inhibitors, which either block the proteolysis of Notch receptors by gamma-secretases or interfere with the transcriptional activity of the Notch intracellular domain. Specific antibodies can also be used to inhibit ligand-induced activation of Notch receptors. Alternatively, naturally occurring endogenous inhibitors of Notch signalling might offer a specific way to block receptor activation. Examples are the soluble variants of the canonical Notch ligand Jagged1 and the non-canonical Notch ligand Dlk1, both deprived of their transmembrane regions upon ectodomain shedding, or the bona fide secreted molecule EGFL7. We present frequently used methods to decrease Notch signalling, and we discuss how soluble Notch inhibitors may be used to treat diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Dikic
- Frankfurt Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (FMLS) and Institute of Biochemistry II, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University School of Medicine, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mirko H H Schmidt
- Molecular Signal Transduction, Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Johann Wolfgang Goethe University School of Medicine, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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110
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Pisconti A, Cornelison DDW, Olguín HC, Antwine TL, Olwin BB. Syndecan-3 and Notch cooperate in regulating adult myogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 190:427-41. [PMID: 20696709 PMCID: PMC2922652 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201003081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Syndecan-3 is required for Notch processing by ADAM17/TACe and therefore regulates proliferation and viability of muscle satellite cells. Skeletal muscle postnatal growth and repair depend on satellite cells and are regulated by molecular signals within the satellite cell niche. We investigated the molecular and cellular events that lead to altered myogenesis upon genetic ablation of Syndecan-3, a component of the satellite cell niche. In the absence of Syndecan-3, satellite cells stall in S phase, leading to reduced proliferation, increased cell death, delayed onset of differentiation, and markedly reduced numbers of Pax7+ satellite cells accompanied by myofiber hypertrophy and an increased number of centrally nucleated myofibers. We show that the aberrant cell cycle and impaired self-renewal of explanted Syndecan-3–null satellite cells are rescued by ectopic expression of the constitutively active Notch intracellular domain. Furthermore, we show that Syndecan-3 interacts with Notch and is required for Notch processing by ADAM17/tumor necrosis factor-α–converting enzyme (TACE) and signal transduction. Together, our data support the conclusion that Syndecan-3 and Notch cooperate in regulating homeostasis of the satellite cell population and myofiber size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addolorata Pisconti
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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111
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Yedvobnick B, Moberg K. Linking model systems to cancer therapeutics: the case of Mastermind. Dis Model Mech 2010; 3:540-4. [PMID: 20663965 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.005520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetics, and more recently genomics, reveal striking conservation in the fundamental signaling pathways that underlie normal and aberrant cell processes. Consequently, various genetic model organisms are now attracting the interest of biomedical scientists who are focused on therapeutic approaches to human disease. There are now several examples of studies in which Drosophila seems likely to facilitate advances in potential therapies, and a recent report has demonstrated the utility of the fly model for understanding and treating human disease. Basic developmental genetic information first obtained in Drosophila was used to design a therapeutic block to oncogenic Notch signaling that was associated with leukemia in mice. The story of Notch signaling in Drosophila demonstrates the potential for standard Drosophila molecular genetics in developing therapeutic strategies that are relevant to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry Yedvobnick
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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112
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Jin B, Shen H, Lin S, Li JL, Chen Z, Griffin JD, Wu L. The mastermind-like 1 (MAML1) co-activator regulates constitutive NF-kappaB signaling and cell survival. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:14356-65. [PMID: 20231278 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.078865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB)-based signaling regulates diverse biological processes, and its deregulation is associated with various disorders including autoimmune diseases and cancer. Identification of novel factors that modulate NF-kappaB function is therefore of significant importance. The Mastermind-like 1 (MAML1) transcriptional co-activator regulates transcriptional activity in the Notch pathway and is emerging as a co-activator of other pathways. In this study, we found that MAML1 regulates NF-kappaB signaling via two mechanisms. First, MAML1 co-activates the NF-kappaB subunit RelA (p65) in NF-kappaB-dependent transcription. Second, MAML1 causes degradation of the inhibitor of NF-kappaB (IkappaBalpha). Maml1-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts showed impaired tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha)-induced NF-kappaB responses. Moreover, MAML1 expression level directly influences cellular sensitivity to TNFalpha-induced cytotoxicity. In vivo, mice deficient in the Maml1 gene exhibited spontaneous cell death in the liver, with a large increase in the number of apoptotic hepatic cells. These findings indicate that MAML1 is a novel modulator for NF-kappaB signaling and regulates cellular survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baofeng Jin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
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113
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Yuan JS, Kousis PC, Suliman S, Visan I, Guidos CJ. Functions of Notch Signaling in the Immune System: Consensus and Controversies. Annu Rev Immunol 2010; 28:343-65. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.021908.132719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie S. Yuan
- Program in Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, and Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada;
| | - Philaretos C. Kousis
- Program in Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, and Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada;
| | - Sara Suliman
- Program in Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, and Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada;
| | - Ioana Visan
- Program in Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, and Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada;
| | - Cynthia J. Guidos
- Program in Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, and Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada;
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114
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Abstract
Understanding the complexity of cancer depends on an elucidation of the underlying regulatory networks, at the cellular and intercellular levels and in their temporal dimension. This Opinion article focuses on the multilevel crosstalk between the Notch pathway and the p53 and p63 pathways. These two coordinated signalling modules are at the interface of external damaging signals and control of stem cell potential and differentiation. Positive or negative reciprocal regulation of the two pathways can vary with cell type and cancer stage. Therefore, selective or combined targeting of the two pathways could improve the efficacy and reduce the toxicity of cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Paolo Dotto
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges CH-1066, Switzerland.
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115
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Vied C, Kalderon D. Hedgehog-stimulated stem cells depend on non-canonical activity of the Notch co-activator Mastermind. Development 2009; 136:2177-86. [PMID: 19474148 DOI: 10.1242/dev.035329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Normal self-renewal of follicle stem cells (FSCs) in the Drosophila ovary requires Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. Excess Hh signaling, induced by loss of patched (ptc), causes cell-autonomous duplication of FSCs. We have used a genetic screen to identify Mastermind (Mam), the Notch pathway transcriptional co-activator, as a rare dose-dependent modifier of aberrant FSC expansion induced by excess Hh. Complete loss of Mam activity severely compromises the persistence of both normal and ptc mutant FSCs, but does not affect the maintenance of ovarian germline stem cells. Thus, Mam, like Hh, is a crucial stem cell factor that acts selectively on FSCs in the ovary. Surprisingly, other Notch pathway components, including Notch itself, are not similarly required for FSC maintenance. Furthermore, excess Notch pathway activity alone accelerates FSC loss and cannot ameliorate the more severe defects of mam mutant FSCs. This suggests an unconventional role for Mam in FSCs that is independent of Notch signaling. Loss of Mam reduces the expression of a Hh pathway reporter in FSCs but not in wing discs, suggesting that Mam might enhance Hh signaling specifically in stem cells of the Drosophila ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Vied
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, 1212 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA
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116
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Differential expression of Notch family members in astrocytomas and medulloblastomas. Pathol Oncol Res 2009; 15:703-10. [PMID: 19424825 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-009-9173-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Accepted: 04/22/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Notch signaling pathway plays an integral role in determining cell fates in development. Growing evidence demonstrates that Notch signaling pathway has versatile effects in tumorigenesis depending on the tumor type, grade and stage. Notch signaling pathway is deregulated in some brain tumors. To examine the differential expression of Notch family members (Notch1, 2, 3, 4) in human astrocytomas and medulloblastomas, and to evaluate their roles in the development of both tumor types. Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analysis were used to detect Notch1, 2, 3, 4 expression in tissue microarray and freshly resected tissue samples of normal brain, astrocytomas and medulloblastomas. Notch family members were not expressed or barely detectable in normal brain tissues. Notch1, 3, 4 were highly expressed but Notch2 was not expressed in astrocytomas. The percentage of immunopositive tumor cells and level of Notch1 expression was increased with tumor grade. In addition, overexpression of Notch2 was detected in medulloblastomas in contrast to low or no expression of Notch1, 3, 4. Differential expression of Notch1, 2, 3, 4 is detected in astrocytomas and medulloblastomas, that may be related to their different roles playing in the development of brain tumors.
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117
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Abstract
Notch signaling regulates many aspects of metazoan development and tissue renewal. Accordingly, the misregulation or loss of Notch signaling underlies a wide range of human disorders, from developmental syndromes to adult-onset diseases and cancer. Notch signaling is remarkably robust in most tissues even though each Notch molecule is irreversibly activated by proteolysis and signals only once without amplification by secondary messenger cascades. In this Review, we highlight recent studies in Notch signaling that reveal new molecular details about the regulation of ligand-mediated receptor activation, receptor proteolysis, and target selection.
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118
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Abstract
Interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-4 induce T helper 1 (T(H)1)- and T(H)2-cell differentiation, respectively, in vitro. However, not all T(H)1-cell responses require IL-12 in vivo, and T(H)2-cell responses are remarkably independent of IL-4-receptor signalling, suggesting that other polarizing signals must exist. Accumulating evidence indicates that Notch is a candidate receptor that might mediate these signals. However, contrasting roles for Notch have been proposed: some evidence shows that Notch promotes T(H)1-cell differentiation, whereas other evidence supports a prominent role for Notch in T(H)2-cell differentiation. In this Review, we discuss recent findings that help to reconcile this discrepancy and highlight the accumulating evidence for the role of Notch in T-cell-mediated diseases.
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119
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Morrow D, Guha S, Sweeney C, Birney Y, Walshe T, O’Brien C, Walls D, Redmond EM, Cahill PA. Notch and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype. Circ Res 2008; 103:1370-82. [PMID: 19059839 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.108.187534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is critical for cell fate determination during embryonic development, including many aspects of vascular development. An emerging paradigm suggests that the Notch gene regulatory network is often recapitulated in the context of phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), vascular remodeling, and repair in adult vascular disease following injury. Notch ligand receptor interactions lead to cleavage of receptor, translocation of the intracellular receptor (Notch IC), activation of transcriptional CBF-1/RBP-Jκ–dependent and –independent pathways, and transduction of downstream Notch target gene expression. Hereditary mutations of Notch components are associated with congenital defects of the cardiovascular system in humans such as Alagille syndrome and cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL). Recent loss- or gain-of-function studies have provided insight into novel Notch-mediated CBF-1/RBP-Jκ–dependent and –independent signaling and cross-regulation to other molecules that may play a critical role in VSMC phenotypic switching. Notch receptors are critical for controlling VSMC differentiation and dictating the phenotypic response following vascular injury through interaction with a triad of transcription factors that act synergistically to regulate VSMC differentiation. This review focuses on the role of Notch receptor ligand interactions in dictating VSMC behavior and phenotype and presents recent findings on the molecular interactions between the Notch components and VSMC-specific genes to further understand the function of Notch signaling in vascular tissue and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Morrow
- From the Vascular Health Research Centre (D.M., S.G., C.S., Y.B., T.W., P.A.C.), Faculty of Science and Health; and School of Biotechnology (D.W.), National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Ireland; Department of Surgery (D.M., E.M.R.), University of Rochester, NY; Schepens Eye Research Institute (T.W.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; and Mater Misericordiae Hospital (C.O.), Institute of Ophthalmology, The Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, Dublin,
| | - Shaunta Guha
- From the Vascular Health Research Centre (D.M., S.G., C.S., Y.B., T.W., P.A.C.), Faculty of Science and Health; and School of Biotechnology (D.W.), National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Ireland; Department of Surgery (D.M., E.M.R.), University of Rochester, NY; Schepens Eye Research Institute (T.W.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; and Mater Misericordiae Hospital (C.O.), Institute of Ophthalmology, The Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, Dublin,
| | - Catherine Sweeney
- From the Vascular Health Research Centre (D.M., S.G., C.S., Y.B., T.W., P.A.C.), Faculty of Science and Health; and School of Biotechnology (D.W.), National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Ireland; Department of Surgery (D.M., E.M.R.), University of Rochester, NY; Schepens Eye Research Institute (T.W.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; and Mater Misericordiae Hospital (C.O.), Institute of Ophthalmology, The Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, Dublin,
| | - Yvonne Birney
- From the Vascular Health Research Centre (D.M., S.G., C.S., Y.B., T.W., P.A.C.), Faculty of Science and Health; and School of Biotechnology (D.W.), National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Ireland; Department of Surgery (D.M., E.M.R.), University of Rochester, NY; Schepens Eye Research Institute (T.W.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; and Mater Misericordiae Hospital (C.O.), Institute of Ophthalmology, The Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, Dublin,
| | - Tony Walshe
- From the Vascular Health Research Centre (D.M., S.G., C.S., Y.B., T.W., P.A.C.), Faculty of Science and Health; and School of Biotechnology (D.W.), National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Ireland; Department of Surgery (D.M., E.M.R.), University of Rochester, NY; Schepens Eye Research Institute (T.W.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; and Mater Misericordiae Hospital (C.O.), Institute of Ophthalmology, The Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, Dublin,
| | - Colm O’Brien
- From the Vascular Health Research Centre (D.M., S.G., C.S., Y.B., T.W., P.A.C.), Faculty of Science and Health; and School of Biotechnology (D.W.), National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Ireland; Department of Surgery (D.M., E.M.R.), University of Rochester, NY; Schepens Eye Research Institute (T.W.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; and Mater Misericordiae Hospital (C.O.), Institute of Ophthalmology, The Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, Dublin,
| | - Dermot Walls
- From the Vascular Health Research Centre (D.M., S.G., C.S., Y.B., T.W., P.A.C.), Faculty of Science and Health; and School of Biotechnology (D.W.), National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Ireland; Department of Surgery (D.M., E.M.R.), University of Rochester, NY; Schepens Eye Research Institute (T.W.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; and Mater Misericordiae Hospital (C.O.), Institute of Ophthalmology, The Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, Dublin,
| | - Eileen M. Redmond
- From the Vascular Health Research Centre (D.M., S.G., C.S., Y.B., T.W., P.A.C.), Faculty of Science and Health; and School of Biotechnology (D.W.), National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Ireland; Department of Surgery (D.M., E.M.R.), University of Rochester, NY; Schepens Eye Research Institute (T.W.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; and Mater Misericordiae Hospital (C.O.), Institute of Ophthalmology, The Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, Dublin,
| | - Paul A. Cahill
- From the Vascular Health Research Centre (D.M., S.G., C.S., Y.B., T.W., P.A.C.), Faculty of Science and Health; and School of Biotechnology (D.W.), National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Ireland; Department of Surgery (D.M., E.M.R.), University of Rochester, NY; Schepens Eye Research Institute (T.W.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; and Mater Misericordiae Hospital (C.O.), Institute of Ophthalmology, The Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, Dublin,
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