101
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Patel L, Chandrasekhar J, Evarts J, Forseth K, Haran AC, Ip C, Kashishian A, Kim M, Koditek D, Koppenol S, Lad L, Lepist EI, McGrath ME, Perreault S, Puri KD, Villaseñor AG, Somoza JR, Steiner BH, Therrien J, Treiberg J, Phillips G. Discovery of Orally Efficacious Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase δ Inhibitors with Improved Metabolic Stability. J Med Chem 2016; 59:9228-9242. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leena Patel
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | | | - Jerry Evarts
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Kristen Forseth
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Aaron C. Haran
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Carmen Ip
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Adam Kashishian
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Musong Kim
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - David Koditek
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Sandy Koppenol
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Latesh Lad
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Eve-Irene Lepist
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Mary E. McGrath
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Stephane Perreault
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Kamal D. Puri
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Armando G. Villaseñor
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - John R. Somoza
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Bart H. Steiner
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Joseph Therrien
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Jennifer Treiberg
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Gary Phillips
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
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102
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Han J, Chen Y, Yang C, Liu T, Wang M, Xu H, Zhang L, Zheng C, Song Y, Zhu J. Structure-based optimization leads to the discovery of NSC765844, a highly potent, less toxic and orally efficacious dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 122:684-701. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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103
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Vieira GC, Chockalingam S, Melegh Z, Greenhough A, Malik S, Szemes M, Park JH, Kaidi A, Zhou L, Catchpoole D, Morgan R, Bates DO, Gabb PD, Malik K. LGR5 regulates pro-survival MEK/ERK and proliferative Wnt/β-catenin signalling in neuroblastoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:40053-67. [PMID: 26517508 PMCID: PMC4741879 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
LGR5 is a marker of normal and cancer stem cells in various tissues where it functions as a receptor for R-spondins and increases canonical Wnt signalling amplitude. Here we report that LGR5 is also highly expressed in a subset of high grade neuroblastomas. Neuroblastoma is a clinically heterogenous paediatric cancer comprising a high proportion of poor prognosis cases (~40%) which are frequently lethal. Unlike many cancers, Wnt pathway mutations are not apparent in neuroblastoma, although previous microarray analyses have implicated deregulated Wnt signalling in high-risk neuroblastoma. We demonstrate that LGR5 facilitates high Wnt signalling in neuroblastoma cell lines treated with Wnt3a and R-spondins, with SK-N-BE(2)-C, SK-N-NAS and SH-SY5Y cell-lines all displaying strong Wnt induction. These lines represent MYCN-amplified, NRAS and ALK mutant neuroblastoma subtypes respectively. Wnt3a/R-Spondin treatment also promoted nuclear translocation of β-catenin, increased proliferation and activation of Wnt target genes. Strikingly, short-interfering RNA mediated knockdown of LGR5 induces dramatic Wnt-independent apoptosis in all three cell-lines, accompanied by greatly diminished phosphorylation of mitogen/extracellular signal-regulated kinases (MEK1/2) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2), and an increase of BimEL, an apoptosis facilitator downstream of ERK. Akt signalling is also decreased by a Rictor dependent, PDK1-independent mechanism. LGR5 expression is cell cycle regulated and LGR5 depletion triggers G1 cell-cycle arrest, increased p27 and decreased phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein. Our study therefore characterises new cancer-associated pathways regulated by LGR5, and suggest that targeting of LGR5 may be of therapeutic benefit for neuroblastomas with diverse etiologies, as well as other cancers expressing high LGR5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Cunha Vieira
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory and School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - S Chockalingam
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory and School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Zsombor Melegh
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Alexander Greenhough
- Colorectal Cancer Laboratory, School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sally Malik
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory and School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Marianna Szemes
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory and School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ji Hyun Park
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory and School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Abderrahmane Kaidi
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory and School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Li Zhou
- The Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel Catchpoole
- The Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rhys Morgan
- Colorectal Cancer Laboratory, School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David O Bates
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Peter David Gabb
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory and School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Karim Malik
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory and School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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104
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The resistance related to targeted therapy in malignant pleural mesothelioma: Why has not the target been hit yet? Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 107:20-32. [PMID: 27823648 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive tumor of the pleura with a poor prognosis. The most active first-line regimens are platinum compounds and pemetrexed. There is no standard second-line treatment in MPM. Advances in the understanding of tumor molecular biology have led to the development of several targeted treatments, which have been evaluated in clinical trials. Unfortunately none of the explored targeted treatments can currently be recommended as routine treatment in MPM. We reviewed the biological pathways involved in MPM, the clinical trials about targeted therapy, and possible related mechanisms of resistance. We suggest that specific genetic markers are needed as targets of selective therapy. By this way the selection of patients based on the molecular profile may facilitate a therapeutic strategy that allows the use of the most appropriate drug for each patient.
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105
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Liu JF, Tsao YT, Hou CH. Fractalkine/CX3CL1 induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1-dependent tumor metastasis through the CX3CR1/PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway in human osteosarcoma. Oncotarget 2016; 8:54136-54148. [PMID: 28903329 PMCID: PMC5589568 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumor in children and teens. The exact molecular mechanism underlying osteosarcoma progression still remains unclear. The CX3CL1/fractalkine has been implicated in various tumors but not in osteosarcoma. This study is the first to show that fractalkine promotes osteosarcoma metastasis by promoting cell migration. Fractalkine expression was higher in osteosarcoma cell lines than in normal osteoblasts. Fractalkine induced cell migration by upregulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression via CX3CR1/PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway in human osteosarcoma cells. Knockdown of fractalkine expression markedly inhibited cell migration and lung metastasis in osteosarcoma. Finally, we showed a clinical correlation between CX3CL1 expression and ICAM-1 expression as well as tumor stage in human osteosarcoma tissues. In conclusion, our results indicate that fractalkine promotes cell migration and metastasis of osteosarcoma by upregulating ICAM-1 expression. Thus, fractalkine could serve a novel therapeutic target for preventing osteosarcoma metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Fang Liu
- Central Laboratory, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Tsao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Han Hou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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106
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Pfalzer AC, Kamanu FK, Parnell LD, Tai AK, Liu Z, Mason JB, Crott JW. Interactions between the colonic transcriptome, metabolome, and microbiome in mouse models of obesity-induced intestinal cancer. Physiol Genomics 2016; 48:545-53. [DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00034.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a significant risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC); however, the relative contribution of high-fat (HF) consumption and excess adiposity remains unclear. It is becoming apparent that obesity perturbs both the intestinal microbiome and metabolome, and each has the potential to induce protumorigenic changes in the epithelial transcriptome. The physiological consequences and the degree to which these different biologic systems interact remain poorly defined. To understand the mechanisms by which obesity drives colonic tumorigenesis, we profiled the colonic epithelial transcriptome of HF-fed and genetically obese (DbDb) mice with a genetic predisposition to intestinal tumorigenesis (Apc1638N); 266 and 584 genes were differentially expressed in the colonic mucosa of HF and DbDb mice, respectively. These genes mapped to pathways involved in immune function, and cellular proliferation and cancer. Furthermore, Akt was central within the networks of interacting genes identified in both gene sets. Regression analyses of coexpressed genes with the abundance of bacterial taxa identified three taxa, previously correlated with tumor burden, to be significantly correlated with a gene module enriched for Akt-related genes. Similarly, regression of coexpressed genes with metabolites found that adenosine, which was negatively associated with inflammatory markers and tumor burden, was also correlated with a gene module enriched with Akt regulators. Our findings provide evidence that HF consumption and excess adiposity result in changes in the colonic transcriptome that, although distinct, both appear to converge on Akt signaling. Such changes could be mediated by alterations in the colonic microbiome and metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C. Pfalzer
- Cancer Cluster, USDA Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Vitamins and Carcinogenesis Laboratory, USDA Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Frederick K. Kamanu
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, USDA Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laurence D. Parnell
- Cancer Cluster, USDA Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Albert K. Tai
- Genomics Core, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- Cancer Cluster, USDA Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
- School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Joel B. Mason
- Cancer Cluster, USDA Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Vitamins and Carcinogenesis Laboratory, USDA Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jimmy W. Crott
- Cancer Cluster, USDA Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Vitamins and Carcinogenesis Laboratory, USDA Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
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107
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Gonzalez-Lopez de Turiso F, Hao X, Shin Y, Bui M, Campuzano IDG, Cardozo M, Dunn MC, Duquette J, Fisher B, Foti RS, Henne K, He X, Hu YL, Kelly RC, Johnson MG, Lucas BS, McCarter J, McGee LR, Medina JC, Metz D, San Miguel T, Mohn D, Tran T, Vissinga C, Wannberg S, Whittington DA, Whoriskey J, Yu G, Zalameda L, Zhang X, Cushing TD. Discovery and in Vivo Evaluation of the Potent and Selective PI3Kδ Inhibitors 2-((1S)-1-((6-Amino-5-cyano-4-pyrimidinyl)amino)ethyl)-6-fluoro-N-methyl-3-(2-pyridinyl)-4-quinolinecarboxamide (AM-0687) and 2-((1S)-1-((6-Amino-5-cyano-4-pyrimidinyl)amino)ethyl)-5-fluoro-N-methyl-3-(2-pyridinyl)-4-quinolinecarboxamide (AM-1430). J Med Chem 2016; 59:7252-67. [PMID: 27411843 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Optimization of the potency and pharmacokinetic profile of 2,3,4-trisubstituted quinoline, 4, led to the discovery of two potent, selective, and orally bioavailable PI3Kδ inhibitors, 6a (AM-0687) and 7 (AM-1430). On the basis of their improved profile, these analogs were selected for in vivo pharmacodynamic (PD) and efficacy experiments in animal models of inflammation. The in vivo PD studies, which were carried out in a mouse pAKT inhibition animal model, confirmed the observed potency of 6a and 7 in biochemical and cellular assays. Efficacy experiments in a keyhole limpet hemocyanin model in rats demonstrated that administration of either 6a or 7 resulted in a strong dose-dependent reduction of IgG and IgM specific antibodies. The excellent in vitro and in vivo profiles of these analogs make them suitable for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Gonzalez-Lopez de Turiso
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Xiaolin Hao
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Youngsook Shin
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Minna Bui
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Iain D G Campuzano
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Mario Cardozo
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Michelle C Dunn
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jason Duquette
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Benjamin Fisher
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Robert S Foti
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Kirk Henne
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Xiao He
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Yi-Ling Hu
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Ron C Kelly
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Michael G Johnson
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Brian S Lucas
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - John McCarter
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Lawrence R McGee
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Julio C Medina
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Daniela Metz
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Tisha San Miguel
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Deanna Mohn
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Thuy Tran
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Christine Vissinga
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Sharon Wannberg
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Douglas A Whittington
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - John Whoriskey
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Gang Yu
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Leeanne Zalameda
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Xuxia Zhang
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Timothy D Cushing
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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Kamal A, Lakshma Nayak V, Nagesh N, Vishnuvardhan M, Subba Reddy N. Benzo[b]furan derivatives induces apoptosis by targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in human breast cancer cells. Bioorg Chem 2016; 66:124-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Regulation of H-Ras-driven MAPK signaling, transformation and tumorigenesis, but not PI3K signaling and tumor progression, by plasma membrane microdomains. Oncogenesis 2016; 5:e228. [PMID: 27239960 PMCID: PMC4945753 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2016.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we assessed the contributions of plasma membrane (PM) microdomain targeting to the functions of H-Ras and R-Ras. These paralogs have identical effector-binding regions, but variant C-terminal targeting domains (tDs) which are responsible for lateral microdomain distribution: activated H-Ras targets to lipid ordered/disordered (Lo/Ld) domain borders, and R-Ras to Lo domains (rafts). We hypothesized that PM distribution regulates Ras-effector interactions and downstream signaling. We used tD swap mutants, and assessed effects on signal transduction, cell proliferation, transformation and tumorigenesis. R-Ras harboring the H-Ras tD (R-Ras-tH) interacted with Raf, and induced Raf and ERK phosphorylation similar to H-Ras. R-Ras-tH stimulated proliferation and transformation in vitro, and these effects were blocked by both MEK and PI3K inhibition. Conversely, the R-Ras tD suppressed H-Ras-mediated Raf activation and ERK phosphorylation, proliferation and transformation. Thus, Ras access to Raf at the PM is sufficient for MAPK activation and is a principal component of Ras mitogenesis and transformation. Fusion of the R-Ras extended N-terminal domain to H-Ras had no effect on proliferation, but inhibited transformation and tumor progression, indicating that the R-Ras N-terminus also contributes negative regulation to these Ras functions. PI3K activation was tD independent; however, H-Ras was a stronger activator of PI3K than R-Ras, with either tD. PI3K inhibition nearly ablated transformation by R-Ras-tH, H-Ras and H-Ras-tR, whereas MEK inhibition had a modest effect on Ras-tH-driven transformation but no effect on H-Ras-tR transformation. R-Ras-tH supported tumor initiation, but not tumor progression. While H-Ras-tR-induced transformation was reduced relative to H-Ras, tumor progression was robust and similar to H-Ras. H-Ras tumor growth was moderately suppressed by MEK inhibition, which had no effect on H-Ras-tR tumor growth. In contrast, PI3K inhibition markedly suppressed tumor growth by H-Ras and H-Ras-tR, indicating that sustained PI3K signaling is a critical pathway for H-Ras-driven tumor progression, independent of microdomains.
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110
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Defining the Prognostic and Predictive Role of PIK3CA Mutations: Sifting Through the Conflicting Data. CURRENT BREAST CANCER REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12609-016-0215-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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111
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Bargiela A, Cerro-Herreros E, Fernandez-Costa JM, Vilchez JJ, Llamusi B, Artero R. Increased autophagy and apoptosis contribute to muscle atrophy in a myotonic dystrophy type 1 Drosophila model. Dis Model Mech 2016; 8:679-90. [PMID: 26092529 PMCID: PMC4486854 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.018127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle mass wasting is one of the most debilitating symptoms of myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) disease, ultimately leading to immobility, respiratory defects, dysarthria, dysphagia and death in advanced stages of the disease. In order to study the molecular mechanisms leading to the degenerative loss of adult muscle tissue in DM1, we generated an inducible Drosophila model of expanded CTG trinucleotide repeat toxicity that resembles an adult-onset form of the disease. Heat-shock induced expression of 480 CUG repeats in adult flies resulted in a reduction in the area of the indirect flight muscles. In these model flies, reduction of muscle area was concomitant with increased apoptosis and autophagy. Inhibition of apoptosis or autophagy mediated by the overexpression of DIAP1, mTOR (also known as Tor) or muscleblind, or by RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated silencing of autophagy regulatory genes, achieved a rescue of the muscle-loss phenotype. In fact, mTOR overexpression rescued muscle size to a size comparable to that in control flies. These results were validated in skeletal muscle biopsies from DM1 patients in which we found downregulated autophagy and apoptosis repressor genes, and also in DM1 myoblasts where we found increased autophagy. These findings provide new insights into the signaling pathways involved in DM1 disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Bargiela
- Translational Genomics Group, Department of Genetics, University of Valencia, Burjassot 46100, Spain INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - Estefanía Cerro-Herreros
- Translational Genomics Group, Department of Genetics, University of Valencia, Burjassot 46100, Spain INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - Juan M Fernandez-Costa
- Translational Genomics Group, Department of Genetics, University of Valencia, Burjassot 46100, Spain
| | - Juan J Vilchez
- Neurology Section, Hospital Universitari La Fe, Valencia 46026, Spain Department of Internal Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain Centro de Investigaciones Biomedicas en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | | | - Ruben Artero
- Translational Genomics Group, Department of Genetics, University of Valencia, Burjassot 46100, Spain INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia 46010, Spain
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112
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Zeitouni D, Pylayeva-Gupta Y, Der CJ, Bryant KL. KRAS Mutant Pancreatic Cancer: No Lone Path to an Effective Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2016; 8:cancers8040045. [PMID: 27096871 PMCID: PMC4846854 DOI: 10.3390/cancers8040045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the deadliest cancers with a dismal 7% 5-year survival rate and is projected to become the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths by 2020. KRAS is mutated in 95% of PDACs and is a well-validated driver of PDAC growth and maintenance. However, despite comprehensive efforts, an effective anti-RAS drug has yet to reach the clinic. Different paths to inhibiting RAS signaling are currently under investigation in the hope of finding a successful treatment. Recently, direct RAS binding molecules have been discovered, challenging the perception that RAS is an “undruggable” protein. Other strategies currently being pursued take an indirect approach, targeting proteins that facilitate RAS membrane association or downstream effector signaling. Unbiased genetic screens have identified synthetic lethal interactors of mutant RAS. Most recently, metabolic targets in pathways related to glycolytic signaling, glutamine utilization, autophagy, and macropinocytosis are also being explored. Harnessing the patient’s immune system to fight their cancer is an additional exciting route that is being considered. The “best” path to inhibiting KRAS has yet to be determined, with each having promise as well as potential pitfalls. We will summarize the state-of-the-art for each direction, focusing on efforts directed toward the development of therapeutics for pancreatic cancer patients with mutated KRAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Zeitouni
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Yuliya Pylayeva-Gupta
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Channing J Der
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Kirsten L Bryant
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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113
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Inherited PTEN mutations and the prediction of phenotype. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 52:30-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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114
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Chen Y, Zhang L, Yang C, Han J, Wang C, Zheng C, Zhou Y, Lv J, Song Y, Zhu J. Discovery of benzenesulfonamide derivatives as potent PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitors with in vivo efficacies against hepatocellular carcinoma. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:957-66. [PMID: 26819001 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is related to cellular activities. Abnormalities of this signaling pathway were discovered in various cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitors were proposed to have enhanced antitumor efficacies by targeting multiple points of the signaling pathway. We synthesized a series of propynyl-substituted benzenesulfonamide derivatives as PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitors. Compound 7k (NSC781406) was identified as a highly potent dual inhibitor, which exhibited potent tumor growth inhibition in the hepatocellular carcinoma BEL-7404 xenograft model. Compound 7k may be a potential therapeutic drug candidate for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jinsong Han
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chongqing Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Canhui Zheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Youjun Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiaguo Lv
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yunlong Song
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Ju Zhu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
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115
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Repurposing pharma assets: an accelerated mechanism for strengthening the schistosomiasis drug development pipeline. Future Med Chem 2016; 7:727-35. [PMID: 25996066 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.15.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis, one of 17 diseases deemed to be neglected by the World Health Organization, has received little attention from the biopharmaceutical industry. Due to this, only a handful of drugs have been developed to treat schistosomiasis, with only one, praziquantel, used in most endemic regions. Growing concern over resistance coupled with praziquantel's incomplete efficacy across all stages of the Schistosoma platyhelminth life cycle highlights the urgent need for new drugs. The WIPO Re:Search consortium is a platform whereupon biopharmaceutical company compounds are being repurposed to efficiently and cost-effectively develop new drugs for neglected diseases such as schistosomiasis. This article summarizes recent clinical-stage efforts to identify new antischistosomals and highlights biopharmaceutical company compounds with potential for repurposing to treat schistosomiasis.
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116
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Yu SM, Cho H, Kim GH, Chung KW, Seo SY, Kim SJ. Berberine induces dedifferentiation by actin cytoskeleton reorganization via phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt and p38 kinase pathways in rabbit articular chondrocytes. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:800-7. [PMID: 26851252 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216631028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a nonrheumatologic joint disease characterized by progressive degeneration of the cartilage extracellular matrix. Berberine (BBR) is an isoquinoline alkaloid used in traditional Chinese medicine, the majority of which is extracted from Huang Lian (Coptis chinensis). Although numerous studies have revealed the anticancer activity of BBR, its effects on normal cells, such as chondrocytes, and the molecular mechanisms underlying its actions remain elusive. Therefore, we examined the effects of BBR on rabbit articular chondrocytes, and the underlying molecular mechanisms, focusing on actin cytoskeletal reorganization. BBR induced dedifferentiation by inhibiting activation of phosphoinositide-3(PI3)-kinase/Akt and p38 kinase. Furthermore, inhibition of p38 kinase and PI3-kinase/Akt with SB203580 and LY294002, respectively, accelerated the BBR-induced dedifferentiation. BBR also caused actin cytoskeletal architecture reorganization and, therefore, we investigated if these effects were involved in the dedifferentiation. Disruption of the actin cytoskeleton by cytochalasin D reversed the BBR-induced dedifferentiation by activating PI3-kinase/Akt and p38 kinase. In contrast, the induction of actin filament aggregation by jasplakinolide accelerated the BBR-induced dedifferentiation via PI3-kinase/Akt inhibition and p38 kinase activation. Taken together, these data suggest that BBR strongly induces dedifferentiation, and actin cytoskeletal reorganization is a crucial requirement for this effect. Furthermore, the dedifferentiation activity of BBR appears to be mediated via PI3-kinase/Akt and p38 kinase pathways in rabbit articular chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Mi Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongjudaehakro 56, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongsik Cho
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38119, USA Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, TN 38117, USA
| | - Gwang-Hoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongjudaehakro 56, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Wha Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongjudaehakro 56, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Yum Seo
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongjudaehakro 56, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Ja Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongjudaehakro 56, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea
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117
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Wu CP, Hsieh YJ, Hsiao SH, Su CY, Li YQ, Huang YH, Huang CW, Hsieh CH, Yu JS, Wu YS. Human ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter ABCG2 Confers Resistance to CUDC-907, a Dual Inhibitor of Histone Deacetylase and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:784-94. [PMID: 26796063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CUDC-907 is a novel, dual-acting small molecule compound designed to simultaneously inhibit the activity of histone deacetylase (HDAC) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). Treatment with CUDC-907 led to sustained inhibition of HDAC and PI3K activity, inhibition of RAF-MEK-MAPK signaling pathway, and inhibition of cancer cell growth. CUDC-907 is currently under evaluation in phase I clinical trials in patients with lymphoma or multiple myeloma, and in patients with advanced solid tumors. However, the risk of developing acquired resistance to CUDC-907 can present a significant therapeutic challenge to clinicians in the future and should be investigated. The overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) drug transporter ABCB1, ABCC1, or ABCG2 is one of the most common mechanisms of developing multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancers and a major obstacle in chemotherapy. In this study, we reveal that ABCG2 reduces the intracellular accumulation of CUDC-907 and confers significant resistance to CUDC-907, which leads to reduced activity of CUDC-907 to inhibit HDAC and PI3K in human cancer cells. Moreover, although CUDC-907 affects the transport function of ABCG2, it was not potent enough to reverse drug resistance mediated by ABCG2 or affect the expression level of ABCG2 in human cancer cells. Taken together, our findings indicate that ABCG2-mediated CUDC-907 resistance can have serious clinical implications and should be further investigated. More importantly, we demonstrate that the activity of CUDC-907 in ABCG2-overexpressing cancer cells can be restored by inhibiting the function of ABCG2, which provides support for the rationale of combining CUDC-907 with modulators of ABCG2 to improve the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of CUDC-907 in future treatment trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Chiun-Wei Huang
- Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Yu-Shan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University , Taichung, Taiwan
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118
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Thurnherr T, Mah WC, Lei Z, Jin Y, Rozen SG, Lee CG. Differentially Expressed miRNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Target Genes in the Genetic Information Processing and Metabolism Pathways. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20065. [PMID: 26817861 PMCID: PMC4730185 DOI: 10.1038/srep20065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, studies of the roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have either focused on specific individual miRNAs and a small number of suspected targets or simply reported a list of differentially expressed miRNAs based on expression profiling. Here, we seek a more in-depth understanding of the roles of miRNAs and their targets in HCC by integrating the miRNA and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression profiles of tumorous and adjacent non-tumorous liver tissues of 100 HCC patients. We assessed the levels of 829 mature miRNAs, of which 32 were significantly differentially expressed. Statistical analysis indicates that six of these miRNAs regulate a significant proportion of their in silico predicted target mRNAs. Three of these miRNAs (miR-26a, miR-122, and miR-130a) were down-regulated in HCC, and their up-regulated gene targets are primarily associated with aberrant cell proliferation that involves DNA replication, transcription and nucleotide metabolism. The other three miRNAs (miR-21, miR-93, and miR-221) were up-regulated in HCC, and their down-regulated gene targets are primarily involved in metabolism and immune system processes. We further found evidence for a coordinated miRNA-induced regulation of important cellular processes, a finding to be considered when designing therapeutic applications based on miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Thurnherr
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Way-Champ Mah
- Division of Medical Sciences, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Zhengdeng Lei
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Yu Jin
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Medical Sciences, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Steven G. Rozen
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore 169547, Singapore
| | - Caroline G. Lee
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Medical Sciences, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore 169547, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
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119
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Dey G, Bharti R, Banerjee I, Das AK, Das CK, Das S, Jena BC, Misra M, Sen R, Mandal M. Pre-clinical risk assessment and therapeutic potential of antitumor lipopeptide ‘Iturin A’ in an in vivo and in vitro model. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra13476a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial lipopeptide “Iturin A” is a versatile bio-active molecule with potent antitumor action. Pre-clinical study of this lipopeptide showed very minimum toxicity in rodent model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Dey
- School of Medical Science & Technology
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur-721302
- India
| | - Rashmi Bharti
- School of Medical Science & Technology
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur-721302
- India
| | - Indranil Banerjee
- Division of Nuclear Medicine
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata-700032
- India
| | - Anjan Kumar Das
- Department of Pathology
- Calcutta National Medical Collage
- Kolkata-70014
- India
| | - Chandan Kanta Das
- School of Medical Science & Technology
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur-721302
- India
| | - Subhayan Das
- School of Medical Science & Technology
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur-721302
- India
| | - Bikash Chandra Jena
- School of Medical Science & Technology
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur-721302
- India
| | - Mridula Misra
- Division of Nuclear Medicine
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata-700032
- India
| | - Ramkrishna Sen
- Department of Biotechnology
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur-721302
- India
| | - Mahitosh Mandal
- School of Medical Science & Technology
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur-721302
- India
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120
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Fields AP, Justilien V, Murray NR. The chromosome 3q26 OncCassette: A multigenic driver of human cancer. Adv Biol Regul 2015; 60:47-63. [PMID: 26754874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent copy number variations (CNVs) are genetic alterations commonly observed in human tumors. One of the most frequent CNVs in human tumors involves copy number gains (CNGs) at chromosome 3q26, which is estimated to occur in >20% of human tumors. The high prevalence and frequent occurrence of 3q26 CNG suggest that it drives the biology of tumors harboring this genetic alteration. The chromosomal region subject to CNG (the 3q26 amplicon) spans from chromosome 3q26 to q29, a region containing ∼200 protein-encoding genes. The large number of genes within the amplicon makes it difficult to identify relevant oncogenic target(s). Whereas a number of genes in this region have been linked to the transformed phenotype, recent studies indicate a high level of cooperativity among a subset of frequently amplified 3q26 genes. Here we use a novel bioinformatics approach to identify potential driver genes within the recurrent 3q26 amplicon in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Our analysis reveals a set of 35 3q26 amplicon genes that are coordinately amplified and overexpressed in human LSCC tumors, and that also map to a major LSCC susceptibility locus identified on mouse chromosome 3 that is syntenic with human chromosome 3q26. Pathway analysis reveals that 21 of these genes exist within a single predicted network module. Four 3q26 genes, SOX2, ECT2, PRKCI and PI3KCA occupy the hub of this network module and serve as nodal genes around which the network is organized. Integration of available genetic, genomic, biochemical and functional data demonstrates that SOX2, ECT2, PRKCI and PIK3CA are cooperating oncogenes that function within an integrated cell signaling network that drives a highly aggressive, stem-like phenotype in LSCC tumors harboring 3q26 amplification. Based on the high level of genomic, genetic, biochemical and functional integration amongst these 4 3q26 nodal genes, we propose that they are the key oncogenic targets of the 3q26 amplicon and together define a "3q26 OncCassette" that mediates 3q26 CNG-driven tumorigenesis. Genomic analysis indicates that the 3q26 OncCassette also operates in other major tumor types that exhibit frequent 3q26 CNGs, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), ovarian serous cancer and cervical cancer. Finally, we discuss how the 3q26 OncCassette represents a tractable target for development of novel therapeutic intervention strategies that hold promise for improving treatment of 3q26-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan P Fields
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL, United States.
| | - Verline Justilien
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Nicole R Murray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL, United States
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Marques AEM, Elias ST, Porporatti AL, Castilho RM, Squarize CH, De Luca Canto G, Guerra ENS. mTOR pathway protein immunoexpression as a prognostic factor for survival in head and neck cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Oral Pathol Med 2015; 45:319-28. [PMID: 26661562 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several mTOR pathway proteins are involved in the regulation of cellular anabolism, growth, proliferation, and survival. Activated proteins in the mTOR pathway are deregulated in multiple types of cancers and could influence prognosis. However, it is unclear whether deregulation of mTOR pathway proteins serves a prognostic role in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). Furthermore, proteins in the mTOR pathway may be important targets for anticancer therapy. The aim of this study was to summarize existing cohort studies to determine whether immunoexpression of mTOR pathway proteins are important prognostic factors for survival in patients with HNC. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review was performed using the Cochrane, Lilacs, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science databases (up to 23 January 2015). A meta-analysis was conducted to measure the frequency of protein expression in head and neck cancer patient samples and the prognostic value of mTOR pathway proteins for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). RESULTS Twelve studies were included in our final analysis. The meta-analysis revealed that the frequency of overall expression of mTOR pathway proteins was 74.42% (CI: 63.3 to 84.0, P < 0.001, n = 2016 samples). The survival meta-analysis showed a pooled hazard ratio for OS and DFS of 1.44 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.14-1.73) and 1.18 (95% CI 0.71-1.64), respectively. CONCLUSION This systematic review and meta-analysis support evidence that mTOR pathway proteins can be used as predictive markers for survival in patients with HNC because their expression was significantly associated with poor OS and short DFS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Taveira Elias
- Oral Histopathology Laboratory, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - André Luís Porporatti
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.,Department of Prosthodontics, Section of Orofacial Pain, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Rogerio Moraes Castilho
- Epithelial Biology Laboratory, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, Division of Oral Pathology, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Cristiane Helena Squarize
- Epithelial Biology Laboratory, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, Division of Oral Pathology, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Graziela De Luca Canto
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.,Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Eliete Neves Silva Guerra
- Oral Histopathology Laboratory, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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PIK3CA(H1047R)- and Her2-initiated mammary tumors escape PI3K dependency by compensatory activation of MEK-ERK signaling. Oncogene 2015; 35:2961-70. [PMID: 26640141 PMCID: PMC4896860 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human breast cancers that have HER2 amplification/overexpression frequently carry PIK3CA mutations, and are often associated with a worse prognosis. However, the role of PIK3CA mutations in the initiation and maintenance of these breast cancers remains elusive. In the present study, we generated a compound mouse model that genetically mimics HER2 positive breast cancer with coexisting PIK3CAH1047R. Induction of PIK3CAH1047R expression in mouse mammary glands with constitutive expression of activated Her2/Neu resulted in accelerated mammary tumorigenesis with enhanced metastatic potential. Interestingly, inducible expression of mutant PIK3CA resulted in a robust activation of PI3K/AKT signaling but attenuation of Her2/Her3 signaling, and this can be reversed by deinduction of PIK3CAH1047R expression. Strikingly, while these Her2+ PIK3CAH1047R initiated primary mammary tumors are refractory to HER2-targeted therapy, all tumors responded to inactivation of the oncogenic PIK3CAH1047R, a situation closely mimicking the use of a highly effective inhibitor specifically targeting the mutant PIK3CA/p110a. Notably, these tumors eventually resumed growth, and a fraction of them escaped PI3K dependence by compensatory ERK activation, which can be blocked by combined inhibition of Her2 and MEK. Together, these results suggest that PIK3CA-specific inhibition as a monotherapy followed by combination therapy targeting MAPK and HER2 in a timely manner may be an effective treatment approach against HER2 positive cancers with coexisting PIK3CA-activating mutations.
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Scheffler M, Bos M, Gardizi M, König K, Michels S, Fassunke J, Heydt C, Künstlinger H, Ihle M, Ueckeroth F, Albus K, Serke M, Gerigk U, Schulte W, Töpelt K, Nogova L, Zander T, Engel-Riedel W, Stoelben E, Ko YD, Randerath W, Kaminsky B, Panse J, Becker C, Hellmich M, Merkelbach-Bruse S, Heukamp LC, Büttner R, Wolf J. PIK3CA mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): genetic heterogeneity, prognostic impact and incidence of prior malignancies. Oncotarget 2015; 6:1315-26. [PMID: 25473901 PMCID: PMC4359235 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Somatic mutations of the PIK3CA gene have been described in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but limited data is available on their biological relevance. This study was performed to characterize PIK3CA-mutated NSCLC clinically and genetically. Patients and methods: Tumor tissue collected consecutively from 1144 NSCLC patients within a molecular screening network between March 2010 and March 2012 was analyzed for PIK3CA mutations using dideoxy-sequencing and next-generation sequencing (NGS). Clinical, pathological, and genetic characteristics of PIK3CA-mutated patients are described and compared with a control group of PIK3CA-wildtype patients. Results: Among the total cohort of 1144 patients we identified 42 (3.7%) patients with PIK3CA mutations in exon 9 and exon 20. These mutations were found with a higher frequency in sqamous cell carcinoma (8.9%) compared to adenocarcinoma (2.9%, p<0.001). The most common PIK3CA mutation was exon 9 E545K. The majority of patients (57.1%) had additional oncogenic driver aberrations. With the exception of EGFR-mutated patients, non of the genetically defined subgroups in this cohort had a significantly better median overall survival. Further, PIK3CA-mutated patients had a significantly higher incidence of malignancy prior to lung cancer (p<0.001). Conclusion: PIK3CA-mutated NSCLC represents a clinically and genetically heterogeneous subgroup in adenocarcinomas as well as in squamous cell carcinomas with a higher prevalence of these mutations in sqamous cell carcinoma. PIK3CA mutations have no negative impact on survival after surgery or systemic therapy. However, PIK3CA mutated lung cancer frequently develops in patients with prior malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Scheffler
- Center for Integrated Oncology Köln Bonn, Cologne, Germany.,Lung Cancer Group Cologne, Department I for Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marc Bos
- Center for Integrated Oncology Köln Bonn, Cologne, Germany.,Lung Cancer Group Cologne, Department I for Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Masyar Gardizi
- Center for Integrated Oncology Köln Bonn, Cologne, Germany.,Lung Cancer Group Cologne, Department I for Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Katharina König
- Center for Integrated Oncology Köln Bonn, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Michels
- Center for Integrated Oncology Köln Bonn, Cologne, Germany.,Lung Cancer Group Cologne, Department I for Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jana Fassunke
- Center for Integrated Oncology Köln Bonn, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Carina Heydt
- Center for Integrated Oncology Köln Bonn, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Helen Künstlinger
- Center for Integrated Oncology Köln Bonn, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michaela Ihle
- Center for Integrated Oncology Köln Bonn, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Frank Ueckeroth
- Center for Integrated Oncology Köln Bonn, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kerstin Albus
- Center for Integrated Oncology Köln Bonn, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Monika Serke
- Department for Pulmonology and Thoracic Oncology, Lung Clinic Hemer, Hemer, Germany
| | - Ulrich Gerigk
- Clinic for Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Malteser Hospital, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schulte
- Clinic for Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Malteser Hospital, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karin Töpelt
- Center for Integrated Oncology Köln Bonn, Cologne, Germany.,Lung Cancer Group Cologne, Department I for Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lucia Nogova
- Center for Integrated Oncology Köln Bonn, Cologne, Germany.,Lung Cancer Group Cologne, Department I for Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Zander
- Center for Integrated Oncology Köln Bonn, Cologne, Germany.,Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne, Department I for Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Erich Stoelben
- Lung Clinic Merheim, Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yon-Dschun Ko
- Johanniter Hospital, Evangelical Clinics of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Winfried Randerath
- Clinic for Pneumology and Allergology Center for Sleep Medicine and Respiratory Care, Bethanien Hospital, Solingen, Germany
| | - Britta Kaminsky
- Clinic for Pneumology and Allergology Center for Sleep Medicine and Respiratory Care, Bethanien Hospital, Solingen, Germany
| | - Jens Panse
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Carolin Becker
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Hellmich
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Epidemiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sabine Merkelbach-Bruse
- Center for Integrated Oncology Köln Bonn, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lukas C Heukamp
- Center for Integrated Oncology Köln Bonn, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Reinhard Büttner
- Center for Integrated Oncology Köln Bonn, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jürgen Wolf
- Center for Integrated Oncology Köln Bonn, Cologne, Germany.Lung Cancer Group Cologne, Department I for Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Juglanthraquinone C Induces Intracellular ROS Increase and Apoptosis by Activating the Akt/Foxo Signal Pathway in HCC Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:4941623. [PMID: 26682007 PMCID: PMC4670685 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4941623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Juglanthraquinone C (JC), a naturally occurring anthraquinone extracted from Juglans mandshurica, could induce apoptosis of cancer cells. This study aims to investigate the detailed cytotoxicity mechanism of JC in HepG2 and BEL-7402 cells. The Affymetrix HG-U133 Plus 2.0 arrays were first used to analyze the mRNA expression exposed to JC or DMSO in HepG2 cells. Consistent with the previous results, the data indicated that JC could induce apoptosis and hyperactivated Akt. The Western blot analysis further revealed that Akt, a well-known survival protein, was strongly activated in HepG2 and BEL-7402 cells. Furthermore, an obvious inhibitory effect on JC-induced apoptosis was observed when the Akt levels were decreased, while the overexpression of constitutively active mutant Akt greatly accelerated JC-induced apoptosis. The subsequent results suggested that JC treatment suppressed nuclear localization and increased phosphorylated levels of Foxo3a, and the overexpression of Foxo3a abrogated JC-induced apoptosis. Most importantly, the inactivation of Foxo3a induced by JC further led to an increase of intracellular ROS levels by suppressing ROS scavenging enzymes, and the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine and catalase successfully decreased JC-induced apoptosis. Collectively, this study demonstrated that JC induced the apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells by activating Akt/Foxo signaling pathway and increasing intracellular ROS levels.
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125
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Fan K, Li X, Cao Y, Qi H, Li L, Zhang Q, Sun H. Carvacrol inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in human colon cancer cells. Anticancer Drugs 2015. [PMID: 26214321 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Colon cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and has a high mortality rate. Carvacrol is a major component of oregano and thyme essential oils and shows antitumor properties. Here, we investigated the effects of carvacrol on the proliferation and apoptosis of two human colon cancer cell lines, HCT116 and LoVo, and studied the molecular mechanisms of its antitumor properties. We found that carvacrol inhibited the proliferation and migration of the two colon cancer cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner. Cell invasion was suppressed after carvacrol treatment by decreasing the expression of matrix metalloprotease-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9. Carvacrol treatment also caused cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase and decreased cyclin B1 expression. Finally, carvacrol induced cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. At the molecular level, carvacrol downregulated the expression of Bcl-2 and induced the phosphorylation of the extracellular-regulated protein kinase and protein kinase B (p-Akt). In parallel, carvacrol upregulated the expression of Bax and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. These results indicate that carvacrol might induce apoptosis in colon cancer cells through the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and the MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Together, our results suggest that carvacrol may have therapeutic potential for the prevention and treatment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Fan
- Departments of aPathophysiology bPathology and cPharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing dDepartment of Surgery, Fifth Clinical College of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
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126
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Russo CM, Adhikari AA, Wallach DR, Fernandes S, Balch AN, Kerr WG, Chisholm JD. Synthesis and initial evaluation of quinoline-based inhibitors of the SH2-containing inositol 5'-phosphatase (SHIP). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:5344-8. [PMID: 26453006 PMCID: PMC4628863 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recently, inhibition of the SH2-containing inositol 5'-phosphatase 1 (SHIP1) has become an attractive strategy for facilitating engraftment of MHC-I mismatched bone marrow grafts, increasing the number of adult stem cells in vivo, and inducing mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells. Utilizing high-throughput screening, two quinoline small molecules (NSC13480 and NSC305787) that inhibit SHIP1 enzymatic activity were discovered. New syntheses of these inhibitors have been developed which verified the relative stereochemistry of these structures. Utilizing this synthetic route, some analogs of these quinolines have been prepared and tested for their ability to inhibit SHIP. These structure activity studies determined that an amine tethered to the quinoline core is required for SHIP inhibition. SHIP inhibition may explain the antitumor effects of similar quinoline amino alcohols and provides an impetus for further synthetic studies in this class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Russo
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse, NY 13244-4100, USA
| | - Arijit A Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse, NY 13244-4100, USA
| | - Daniel R Wallach
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse, NY 13244-4100, USA
| | - Sandra Fernandes
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Amanda N Balch
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - William G Kerr
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - John D Chisholm
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse, NY 13244-4100, USA
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127
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Jing X, Cheng W, Wang S, Li P, He L. Resveratrol induces cell cycle arrest in human gastric cancer MGC803 cells via the PTEN-regulated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:472-8. [PMID: 26530632 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is a polyphenolic compound that is extracted from Polygonum cuspidatum and is used in traditional Chinese medicine. Previous data have shown that resveratrol inhibits the growth of human gastric cancer. MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] and trypan blue assays showed that resveratrol significantly decreased the survival rate of MGC803 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Our flow cytometric analysis showed that resveratrol treatment arrested the cells at the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. Furthermore, western blotting demonstrated that resveratrol decreased the protein expression of phospho-glycogen synthase kinase 3β (p-GSK3β), cyclin D1, phospho-phosphatase and tensin homologue (p-PTEN), phospho-phosphatidylinositol 3'-OH kinase (p-PI3K), and phospho-protein kinase B (p-PKB/Akt). We also found that resveratrol inhibited the progression of the cell cycle in MGC803 cells by repressing p-PI3K and p-Akt expression. Meanwhile, resveratrol did not decrease the phosphorylation level of Akt when the PTEN gene expression was knocked down by an siRNA in the MGC803 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that resveratrol induced cell cycle arrest in human gastric cancer MGC803 cells by regulating the PTEN/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Jing
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Cheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Shiying Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Putuo Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Pin Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Li He
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
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128
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Takeshita T, Yamamoto Y, Yamamoto-Ibusuki M, Inao T, Sueta A, Fujiwara S, Omoto Y, Iwase H. Prognostic role of PIK3CA mutations of cell-free DNA in early-stage triple negative breast cancer. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:1582-9. [PMID: 26353837 PMCID: PMC4714688 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PIK3CA is an oncogene that encodes the p110α component of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K); it is the second most frequently mutated gene following the TP53 gene. In the clinical setting, PIK3CA mutations may have favorable prognostic value for hormone receptor‐positive breast cancer patients and, during the past few years, PIK3CA mutations of cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) have attracted attention as a potential noninvasive biomarker of cancer. However, there are few reports on the clinical implications of PIK3CA mutations for TNBC patients. We investigated the PIK3CA major mutation status of cfDNA as a noninvasive biomarker of cancer using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR), which has high level sensitivity and specificity for cancer mutation, in early‐stage 49 triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. A total of 12 (24.4%) of 49 patients had PIK3CA mutations of cfDNA. In a median follow up of 54.4 months, the presence of PIK3CA mutations of cfDNA had significant impacts on relapse‐free survival (RFS; P = 0.0072) and breast cancer‐specific survival (BCSS; P = 0.016), according to the log‐lank test. In a Cox proportional hazards model, the presence of PIK3CA mutations of cfDNA had significant prognostic value in the univariate and multivariate analysis. Additionally, the presence of PIK3CA mutations of cfDNA was significantly correlated with positive androgen receptor phosphorylated form depending on PI3K signaling pathway (pAR) which is independent favorable prognostic factors of TNBC. We demonstrated that the presence of PIK3CA major mutations of cfDNA could be a discriminatory predictor of RFS and BCSS in early‐stage TNBC patients and it was associated with PI3K pathway‐dependent AR phosphorylation. We demonstrated the presence of PIK3CA major mutations of cfDNA could be discriminatory predictor of RFS and BCSS in early‐stage TNBC patients which may be associated with PI3K pathway dependent AR phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Takeshita
- Department of Breast and Endocrine surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Therapy for Breast Cancer, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mutsuko Yamamoto-Ibusuki
- Department of Breast and Endocrine surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Toko Inao
- Department of Breast and Endocrine surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Aiko Sueta
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Therapy for Breast Cancer, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Saori Fujiwara
- Department of Breast and Endocrine surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoko Omoto
- Department of Breast and Endocrine surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Endocrinological and Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Iwase
- Department of Breast and Endocrine surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Kornienko A, Evidente A, Vurro M, Mathieu V, Cimmino A, Evidente M, van Otterlo WAL, Dasari R, Lefranc F, Kiss R. Toward a Cancer Drug of Fungal Origin. Med Res Rev 2015; 35:937-67. [PMID: 25850821 PMCID: PMC4529806 DOI: 10.1002/med.21348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although fungi produce highly structurally diverse metabolites, many of which have served as excellent sources of pharmaceuticals, no fungi-derived agent has been approved as a cancer drug so far. This is despite a tremendous amount of research being aimed at the identification of fungal metabolites with promising anticancer activities. This review discusses the results of clinical testing of fungal metabolites and their synthetic derivatives, with the goal to evaluate how far we are from an approved cancer drug of fungal origin. Also, because in vivo studies in animal models are predictive of the efficacy and toxicity of a given compound in a clinical situation, literature describing animal cancer testing of compounds of fungal origin is reviewed as well. Agents showing the potential to advance to clinical trials are also identified. Finally, the technological challenges involved in the exploitation of fungal biodiversity and procurement of sufficient quantities of clinical candidates are discussed, and potential solutions that could be pursued by researchers are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kornienko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas 78666, USA
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maurizio Vurro
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Via Amendola 122/0, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Véronique Mathieu
- Laboratorie de Cancérologie et de Toxicologie Expérimentale, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alessio Cimmino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Marco Evidente
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Willem A. L. van Otterlo
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Ramesh Dasari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas 78666, USA
| | - Florence Lefranc
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital Erasme; Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Robert Kiss
- Laboratorie de Cancérologie et de Toxicologie Expérimentale, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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130
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Parkhitko AA, Favorova OO, Khabibullin DI, Anisimov VN, Henske EP. Kinase mTOR: regulation and role in maintenance of cellular homeostasis, tumor development, and aging. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2015; 79:88-101. [PMID: 24794724 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297914020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Serine/threonine protein kinase mTOR regulates the maintenance of cellular homeostasis by coordinating transcription, translation, metabolism, and autophagy with availability of amino acids, growth factors, ATP, and oxygen. The mTOR kinase is a component of two protein complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, which are different in their composition and regulate different cellular processes. An uncontrolled activation of the mTOR kinase is observed in cells of the majority of tumors, as well as in diabetes and neurodegenerative and some other diseases. At present, inhibitors of the kinase complex mTORC1 are undergoing clinical trials. This review focuses on different aspects of the regulation of the mTORC1 and mTORC2 complexes, on their role in the regulation of protein synthesis, metabolism, and autophagy, as well as on using mTOR inhibitors for treatment of tumors and slowing of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Parkhitko
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02155, USA.
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131
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Lv P, Wang Y, Ma J, Wang Z, Li JL, Hong CS, Zhuang Z, Zeng YX. Inhibition of protein phosphatase 2A with a small molecule LB100 radiosensitizes nasopharyngeal carcinoma xenografts by inducing mitotic catastrophe and blocking DNA damage repair. Oncotarget 2015; 5:7512-24. [PMID: 25245035 PMCID: PMC4202140 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), while uncommon worldwide, is a major health problem in China. Although local radiation and surgery provide good control of NPC, better treatments that permit reductions in radiation dosing are needed. Inhibition of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a ubiquitous multifunctional enzyme with critical roles in cell cycle regulation and DNA-damage response, reportedly sensitizes cancer cells to radiation and chemotherapy. We studied PP2A inhibition with LB100, a small molecule currently in a Phase I clinical trial, on radiosensitization of two human nasopharyngeal cell lines: CNE1, which is reportedly radioresistant, and CNE2. In both cell lines, LB100 exposure increased intracellular p-Plk1, TCTP, and Cdk1 and decreased p53, changes associated with cell cycle arrest, mitotic catastrophe and radio-inhibition of cell proliferation. Mice bearing subcutaneous xenografts of either cell line were administered 1.5 mg/kg LB100 daily for three days and a single dose of 20 Gy radiation (day 3), which produced marked and prolonged tumor mass regression (dose enhancement factors of 2.98 and 2.27 for CNE1 and CNE2 xenografts, respectively). Treatment with either LB100 or radiation alone only transiently inhibited xenograft growth. Our results support further exploration of PP2A inhibition as part of radiotherapy regimens for NPC and potentially other solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lv
- Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) ,Beijing , People's Republic of China. Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- Institute for Medical Device Standardization Administration, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Ma
- Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) ,Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) ,Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Li Li
- Institute for Medical Device Standardization Administration, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Christopher S Hong
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD ,USA
| | - Zhengping Zhuang
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD ,USA
| | - Yi-Xin Zeng
- Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) ,Beijing , People's Republic of China. Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong , People's Republic of China. State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, Guangdong , People's Republic of China
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132
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Discovery of selective phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors to treat hematological malignancies. Drug Discov Today 2015; 20:988-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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133
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Geng X, Xie L, Xing H. PI3K Inhibitor Combined With Chemotherapy Can Enhance the Apoptosis of Neuroblastoma Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2015. [PMID: 26224681 DOI: 10.1177/1533034615597366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway is a novel poor prognostic indicator of neuroblastoma (NB), and the positive effects of chemotherapy on NB have been confirmed. In this study, we investigated the effect of small molecule PI3K inhibitor PI103 on chemosensitivity. The PI3K inhibitor cooperates with doxorubicin to synergistically induce apoptosis and to reduce tumor growth of NB in in vitro and in vivo models. Human NB cells, SH-SY5Y and SK-N-BE(2), were treated with PI103 combined doxorubicin-enhanced Bid cleavage, activated Bax, and caspase 3. Activation of caspase 3 was also observed in xenografts of NB in nude mice upon combination of doxorubicin with the specific PI3K inhibitor PI103. Cell viability was assessed with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays. Both PI103 and doxorubicin inhibited growth of NB in vitro and PI103 induced a G1 arrest of NB cells. PI103 combined doxorubicin significantly inhibits the growth of established NB tumors, induced apoptosis of tumor cells, and improved the survival of mice in vivo Taken together, our findings suggest that PI3K inhibition seems to be a promising option to sensitize tumor cells for chemotherapy in NB, which may be effective in the treatment of NBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjie Geng
- Department of General Surgery, Children's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lingling Xie
- Division of Surgery, Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Zhangqiu, Shandong, China
| | - Hongshun Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Weifang, Shandong, China
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134
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Stavarache MA, Musatov S, McGill M, Vernov M, Kaplitt MG. The tumor suppressor PTEN regulates motor responses to striatal dopamine in normal and Parkinsonian animals. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 82:487-494. [PMID: 26232589 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and Tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a dual lipid-protein phosphatase known primarily as a growth preventing tumor suppressor. PTEN is also expressed in neurons, and pathways modulated by PTEN can influence neuronal function. Here we report a novel function of PTEN as a regulator of striatal dopamine signaling in a model of Parkinson's disease (PD). Blocking PTEN expression with an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector expressing a small hairpin RNA (shRNA) resulted in reduced responses of cultured striatal neurons to dopamine, which appeared to be largely due to reduction in D2 receptor activation. Co-expression of shRNA-resistant wild-type and mutant forms of PTEN indicated that the lipid-phosphatase activity was essential for this effect. In both normal and Parkinsonian rats, inhibition of striatal PTEN in vivo resulted in motor dysfunction and impaired responses to dopamine, particularly D2 receptor agonists. Expression of PTEN mutants confirmed the lipid-phosphatase activity as critical, while co-expression of a dominant-negative form of Akt overcame the PTEN shRNA effect. These results identify PTEN as a key mediator of striatal responses to dopamine, and suggest that drugs designed to potentiate PTEN expression or activity, such as cancer chemotherapeutics, may also be useful for improving striatal responses to dopamine in conditions of dopamine depletion such as PD. This also suggests that strategies which increase Akt or decrease PTEN expression or function, such as growth factors to prevent neuronal death, may have a paradoxical effect on neurological functioning by inhibiting striatal responses to dopamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela A Stavarache
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sergei Musatov
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Marlon McGill
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mary Vernov
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michael G Kaplitt
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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135
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Durbas M, Horwacik I, Boratyn E, Kamycka E, Rokita H. GD2 ganglioside specific antibody treatment downregulates PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling network in human neuroblastoma cell lines. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:1143-59. [PMID: 26134970 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms leading to inhibitory effects of an anti-GD2 ganglioside (GD2) 14G2a mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitors on human neuroblastoma cell survival were studied in vitro. We have recently shown on IMR-32, CHP‑134, and LA-N-1 neuroblastoma cells that targeting GD2 with the mAb decreases cell viability of the cell lines. In this study we used cytotoxicity assays, proteomic arrays and immunoblotting to evaluate the response of the three cell lines to the anti‑GD2 14G2a mAb and specific PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitors. We show here that the mAb modulates intracellular signal transduction through changes in several kinases and their substrates phosphorylation. More detailed analysis of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway showed significant decrease in activity of Akt, mTOR, p70 S6 and 4E-BP1 proteins and transient increase in PTEN (a suppressor of the pathway), leading to inhibition of the signaling network responsible for stimulation of translation and proliferation. Additionally, combining the GD2-specific 14G2a mAb with an Akt inhibitor (perifosine), dual mTOR/PI3K inhibitors (BEZ-235 and SAR245409), and a pan-PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) was shown to enhance cytotoxic effects against IMR-32, CHP‑134 and LA-N-1 cells. Our study extends knowledge on mechanisms of action of the 14G2a mAb on the neuroblastoma cells. Also, it stresses the need for further delineation of molecular signal orchestration aimed at more reasonable selection of drugs to target key cellular pathways in quest for better cure for neuroblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Durbas
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Virology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Irena Horwacik
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Virology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Boratyn
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Virology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Kamycka
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Virology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Hanna Rokita
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Virology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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136
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Thummuri D, Kumar S, Surapaneni SK, Tikoo K. Epigenetic regulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN12 in triple-negative breast cancer. Life Sci 2015; 130:73-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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137
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138
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Novel cancer chemotherapy hits by molecular topology: dual Akt and Beta-catenin inhibitors. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124244. [PMID: 25910265 PMCID: PMC4409212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Colorectal and prostate cancers are two of the most common types and cause of a high rate of deaths worldwide. Therefore, any strategy to stop or at least slacken the development and progression of malignant cells is an important therapeutic choice. The aim of the present work is the identification of novel cancer chemotherapy agents. Nowadays, many different drug discovery approaches are available, but this paper focuses on Molecular Topology, which has already demonstrated its extraordinary efficacy in this field, particularly in the identification of new hit and lead compounds against cancer. This methodology uses the graph theoretical formalism to numerically characterize molecular structures through the so called topological indices. Once obtained a specific framework, it allows the construction of complex mathematical models that can be used to predict physical, chemical or biological properties of compounds. In addition, Molecular Topology is highly efficient in selecting and designing new hit and lead drugs. According to the aforementioned, Molecular Topology has been applied here for the construction of specific Akt/mTOR and β-catenin inhibition mathematical models in order to identify and select novel antitumor agents. Experimental Approach Based on the results obtained by the selected mathematical models, six novel potential inhibitors of the Akt/mTOR and β-catenin pathways were identified. These compounds were then tested in vitro to confirm their biological activity. Conclusion and Implications Five of the selected compounds, CAS n° 256378-54-8 (Inhibitor n°1), 663203-38-1 (Inhibitor n°2), 247079-73-8 (Inhibitor n°3), 689769-86-6 (Inhibitor n°4) and 431925-096 (Inhibitor n°6) gave positive responses and resulted to be active for Akt/mTOR and/or β-catenin inhibition. This study confirms once again the Molecular Topology’s reliability and efficacy to find out novel drugs in the field of cancer.
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139
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Zhu F, Shi L, Engel JD, Guan Y. Regulatory network inferred using expression data of small sample size: application and validation in erythroid system. Bioinformatics 2015; 31:2537-44. [PMID: 25840044 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btv186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Modeling regulatory networks using expression data observed in a differentiation process may help identify context-specific interactions. The outcome of the current algorithms highly depends on the quality and quantity of a single time-course dataset, and the performance may be compromised for datasets with a limited number of samples. RESULTS In this work, we report a multi-layer graphical model that is capable of leveraging many publicly available time-course datasets, as well as a cell lineage-specific data with small sample size, to model regulatory networks specific to a differentiation process. First, a collection of network inference methods are used to predict the regulatory relationships in individual public datasets. Then, the inferred directional relationships are weighted and integrated together by evaluating against the cell lineage-specific dataset. To test the accuracy of this algorithm, we collected a time-course RNA-Seq dataset during human erythropoiesis to infer regulatory relationships specific to this differentiation process. The resulting erythroid-specific regulatory network reveals novel regulatory relationships activated in erythropoiesis, which were further validated by genome-wide TR4 binding studies using ChIP-seq. These erythropoiesis-specific regulatory relationships were not identifiable by single dataset-based methods or context-independent integrations. Analysis of the predicted targets reveals that they are all closely associated with hematopoietic lineage differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhu
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lihong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | | | - Yuanfang Guan
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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140
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, with downstream targets including Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin, has been implicated in numerous human cancers, including hematologic malignancies and lymphomas. The development and refinement of PI3K inhibitors directed toward this pathway show promising clinical efficacy. This review will discuss the emerging body of clinical data in lymphoid malignancies and present future directions for research utilizing these inhibitors. RECENT FINDINGS The PI3Kδ inhibitor, idelalisib, has been most widely studied in lymphoma, and has shown promising results both as a single agent and in combination with other therapies. IPI-145, a dual inhibitor of PI3Kδ and PI3Kγ, has also shown efficacy and several clinical trials are underway. Other PI3K inhibitors are in active development, with several entering early phase clinical trials. SUMMARY The PI3K pathway appears to be important in lymphoma and targeting this pathway shows promising clinical efficacy.
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141
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Li J, Su W, Zhang S, Hu Y, Liu J, Zhang X, Bai J, Yuan W, Hu L, Cheng T, Zetterberg A, Lei Z, Zhang J. Epidermal growth factor receptor and AKT1 gene copy numbers by multi-gene fluorescence in situ hybridization impact on prognosis in breast cancer. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:642-9. [PMID: 25702787 PMCID: PMC4452167 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway aberrations play significant roles in breast cancer occurrence and development. However, the status of EGFR and AKT1 gene copy numbers remains unclear. In this study, we showed that the rates of EGFR and AKT1 gene copy number alterations were associated with the prognosis of breast cancer. Among 205 patients, high EGFR and AKT1 gene copy numbers were observed in 34.6% and 27.8% of cases by multi-gene fluorescence in situ hybridization, respectively. Co-heightened EGFR/AKT1 gene copy numbers were identified in 11.7% cases. No changes were found in 49.3% of patients. Although changes in EGFR and AKT1 gene copy numbers had no correlation with patients' age, tumor stage, histological grade and the expression status of other molecular makers, high EGFR (P = 0.0002) but not AKT1 (P = 0.1177) gene copy numbers correlated with poor 5-year overall survival. The patients with co-heightened EGFR/AKT1 gene copy numbers displayed a poorer prognosis than those with tumors with only high EGFR gene copy numbers (P = 0.0383). Both Univariate (U) and COX multivariate (C) analyses revealed that high EGFR and AKT1 gene copy numbers (P = 0.000 [U], P = 0.0001 [C]), similar to histological grade (P = 0.001 [U], P = 0.012 [C]) and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.046 [U], P = 0.158 [C]), were independent prognostic indicators of 5-year overall survival. These results indicate that high EGFR and AKT1 gene copy numbers were relatively frequent in breast cancer. Co-heightened EGFR/AKT1 gene copy numbers had a worse outcome than those with only high EGFR gene copy numbers, suggesting that evaluation of these two genes together may be useful for selecting patients for anti-EGFR-targeted therapy or anti-EGFR/AKT1-targeted therapy and for predicting outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, China Tianjin Breast Cancer Prevention, Treatment and Research Center, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Su
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, China Tianjin Breast Cancer Prevention, Treatment and Research Center, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, China Tianjin Breast Cancer Prevention, Treatment and Research Center, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunhui Hu
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, China Tianjin Breast Cancer Prevention, Treatment and Research Center, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, China Tianjin Breast Cancer Prevention, Treatment and Research Center, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaobei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, China Tianjin Breast Cancer Prevention, Treatment and Research Center, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingchao Bai
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, China Tianjin Breast Cancer Prevention, Treatment and Research Center, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiping Yuan
- Beijing Union Medical College Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Linping Hu
- Beijing Union Medical College Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- Beijing Union Medical College Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Anders Zetterberg
- Clinical Pathology Department of Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Zhenmin Lei
- Department of OB/GYN, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, China Tianjin Breast Cancer Prevention, Treatment and Research Center, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
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Meinig JM, Peterson BR. Anticancer/antiviral agent Akt inhibitor-IV massively accumulates in mitochondria and potently disrupts cellular bioenergetics. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:570-6. [PMID: 25415586 PMCID: PMC4340353 DOI: 10.1021/cb500856c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Inhibitors
of the PI3-kinase/Akt (protein kinase B) pathway are
under investigation as anticancer and antiviral agents. Akt inhibitor-IV
(ChemBridge 5233705, CAS 681281-88-9, AKTIV), a small molecule reported
to inhibit this pathway, exhibits potent anticancer and broad-spectrum
antiviral activity. However, depending on concentration, this cationic
benzimidazole derivative exhibits paradoxical positive or negative
effects on the phosphorylation of Akt that are not well understood.
To elucidate its mechanism of action, we investigated its spectroscopic
properties. This compound proved to be sufficiently fluorescent (excitation
λmax = 388 nm, emission λmax = 460
nm) to enable examination of its uptake and distribution in living
mammalian cells. Despite a low quantum yield of 0.0016, imaging of
HeLa cells treated with AKTIV (1 μM, 5 min) by confocal laser
scanning microscopy, with excitation at 405 nm, revealed extensive
accumulation in mitochondria. Treatment of Jurkat lymphocytes with
1 μM AKTIV for 15 min caused accumulation to over 250 μM
in these organelles, whereas treatment with 5 μM AKTIV yielded
concentrations of over 1 mM in mitochondria, as analyzed by flow cytometry.
This massive loading resulted in swelling of these organelles, followed
by their apparent disintegration. These effects were associated with
profound disruption of cellular bioenergetics including mitochondrial
depolarization, diminished mitochondrial respiration, and release
of reactive oxygen species. Because mitochondria play key roles in
both cancer proliferation and viral replication, we conclude that
the anticancer and antiviral activities of AKTIV predominantly result
from its direct and immediate effects on the structure and function
of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Matthew Meinig
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Blake R. Peterson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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Li X, Zou K, Gou J, Du Q, Li D, He X, Li Z. Effect of baicalin-copper on the induction of apoptosis in human hepatoblastoma cancer HepG2 cells. Med Oncol 2015; 32:72. [PMID: 25694047 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-015-0527-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The medical properties of baicalin have been well known for many years. However, the discovery that baicalin in the presence of metal ions is more effective than baicalin alone changed the course of drug research. The present study was designed to investigate the effect and possible mechanism of apoptosis induced by baicalin-copper in a human hepatoblastoma cancer cell line (HepG2) and in vivo. This study demonstrated that baicalin-copper suppresses the proliferation of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Intraperitoneal injection of baicalin-copper resulted in a significant decrease in tumor growth in xenografts in nude mice. Acridine orange staining and flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that baicalin-copper induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells and caused cells to arrest in G2-M phase of the cell cycle. Furthermore, baicalin-copper treatment significantly increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and p38 levels, as well as decreased the expression of caspase-3, p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR (P < 0.01). All of the evidences above indicate that baicalin-copper induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells by down-regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716, People's Republic of China
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Hossen MJ, Kim SC, Yang S, Kim HG, Jeong D, Yi YS, Sung NY, Lee JO, Kim JH, Cho JY. PDK1 disruptors and modulators: a patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2015; 25:513-37. [PMID: 25684022 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2015.1014801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION 3-Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) is a master regulator of the AGC protein kinase family and is a critical activator of multiple pro-survival and oncogenic protein kinases, for which it has garnered considerable interest as an oncology drug target. AREAS COVERED This manuscript reviews small molecule patent literature disclosures between October 2011 and September 2014 for both PDK1 activators and inhibitors and restates the selective patents published before September 2011. PDK1 modulators are organized according to pharmaceutical company and chemical structural class. EXPERT OPINION Many academic institutions and pharmaceutical companies continue to research into the development of small molecules that can function as PDK1 inhibitors or modulators. To date, >50 patent publications on PDK1 disruptors and modulators have been published since the protein was first discovered in 1998. Most of these molecules act as ATP mimetics, forming similar hydrogen bonding patterns to PDK1 as ATP and functioning as hydrophobic pharmacophores. To achieve selectivity in PDK1 inhibition, the discovery of binding pockets structurally distinctive from the ATP site is a challenging but promising strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jahangir Hossen
- Sungkyunkwan University, Department of Genetic Engineering , 300 Chuncheon-Dong, Suwon 440-746 , Korea +82 31 290 7868 ; +82 31 290 7870 ;
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Alonso-Gordoa T, Díez JJ, Durán M, Grande E. Advances in thyroid cancer treatment: latest evidence and clinical potential. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2015; 7:22-38. [PMID: 25553081 PMCID: PMC4265091 DOI: 10.1177/1758834014551936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced thyroid carcinoma is an infrequent tumor entity with limited treatment possibilities until recently. The extraordinary improvement in the comprehension of genetic and molecular alterations involving the RAS/RAF/mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling and interacting pathways that are involved in tumor survival, proliferation, differentiation, motility and angiogenesis have been the rationale for the development of new effective targeted therapies. Data coming from phase II clinical trials have confirmed the efficacy of those targeted agents against receptors in cell membrane and cytoplasmic molecules. Moreover, four of those investigational drugs, vandetanib, cabozantinib, sorafenib and lenvatinib, have reached a phase III clinical trial with favorable results in progression-free survival and overall survival in medullary thyroid carcinoma and differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Further analysis for an optimal approach has been conducted according to mutational profile and tumor subtypes. However, consistent results are still awaited and the research for adequate prognostic and predictive biomarkers is ongoing. The following report offers a comprehensive review from the rationale to the basis of targeted agents in the treatment of thyroid carcinoma. In addition, current and future therapeutic developments by the inhibition of further molecular targets are discussed in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Alonso-Gordoa
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - J J Díez
- Endocrinology Department, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Durán
- Surgery Department, Rey Juan Carlos University Hospital, Mostoles, Spain
| | - Enrique Grande
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Carretera de Colmenar Km 9100, 28034 Madrid, Spain
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Wang Z, Lu P, Liang Z, Zhang Z, Shi W, Cai X, Chen C. Increased insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) expression in small cell lung cancer and the effect of inhibition of IGF1R expression by RNAi on growth of human small cell lung cancer NCI-H446 cell. Growth Factors 2015; 33:337-46. [PMID: 26430715 DOI: 10.3109/08977194.2015.1088533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) is a tyrosine kinase receptor implicated in tumourigenesis that may be an attractive target for anti-cancer treatment. In this study, the expression and clinical significance of IGF1R were investigated in serum and lung cancer tissues from small cell lung cancinoma (SCLC). We also compared the effect of IGF1R up-regulation and IGF1R inhibition on viability and apoptosis of NCI-H446 cells. We found the concentration of IGF1R in blood serum was significantly increased and positive IGF1R protein in cancer tissue was more prevalent in SCLC. A statistically significant correlation among IGF1R-positve tumors, lymph node metastasis and local invasion was discussed. Furthermore, IGF1R overexpression lead to an increase of cell survival and suppressed cell apoptosis, IGF1R silencing mediated by RNAi abrogate this response of NCI-H446 cells. Our results further demonstrated that the effects of these treatments may be assigned to the effective inhibition of lung cancer cells from Akt/P27(Kip1) pathway in IGF-1R signaling. These features may have important implications for future anti-IGF1R therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Wang
- a The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University , Zhanjiang , Guangdong , China and
| | - Pingfang Lu
- a The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University , Zhanjiang , Guangdong , China and
| | - Zhu Liang
- a The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University , Zhanjiang , Guangdong , China and
| | - Zhanfei Zhang
- a The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University , Zhanjiang , Guangdong , China and
| | - Weicheng Shi
- b Guangdong General Hospital of Armed Police Forces , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
| | - Xiaobi Cai
- a The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University , Zhanjiang , Guangdong , China and
| | - Chunyuan Chen
- a The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University , Zhanjiang , Guangdong , China and
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Quinazoline based small molecule exerts potent tumour suppressive properties by inhibiting PI3K/Akt/FoxO3a signalling in experimental colon cancer. Cancer Lett 2014; 359:47-56. [PMID: 25554016 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Deregulation of PI3K signalling pathway is strongly involved in pathology of cancer and development of resistance in tumour cells. Here, we report that pharmacologically active vasicinone analogue, RLX (7, 8, 9, 10-Tetrahydroazepino [2, 1-b] quinazolin-12-(6H)-on), exhibited potent anticancer activities both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, RLX treatment displayed strong inhibition of proliferation against various cancer cell lines. However, colon cancer cells were found to be the most sensitive towards RLX mediated inhibition of proliferation. The result showed that RLX treatment followed strong concentration dependent inhibition of HCT-116 cell proliferation and colony formation. RLX treatment to HCT-116 was observed to be associated with down-regulation of p110α and p85 subunits of PI3K thereby decreasing the expression of subsequent downstream effector proteins. Interestingly, silencing of PI3K gene by siRNA in combination with RLX confirmed the anti-proliferation effect of RLX against HCT-116 cells and is mediated by the PI3K pathway. We also found that RLX induced sub-G1 arrest and mitochondrial potential loss followed by pFoxO3a(Thr32) nuclear-cytoplasmic translocation inhibition. Moreover, RLX treatment in in vivo models substantially resulted in a tumour growth inhibition. Overall, our findings reveal the functional role of the PI3K/Akt/FoxO3a pathway that gets deregulated in cancer and suggests its simultaneous targeting by RLX thereby further identifying the compound as a potent inhibitor of the PI3K/Akt/FoxO3a pathway under in vitro and tumour regression in vivo.
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148
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Hubbard PA, Moody CL, Murali R. Allosteric modulation of Ras and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway: emerging therapeutic opportunities. Front Physiol 2014; 5:478. [PMID: 25566081 PMCID: PMC4267178 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
GTPases and kinases are two predominant signaling modules that regulate cell fate. Dysregulation of Ras, a GTPase, and the three eponymous kinases that form key nodes of the associated phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mTOR pathway have been implicated in many cancers, including pancreatic cancer, a disease noted for its current lack of effective therapeutics. The K-Ras isoform of Ras is mutated in over 90% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) and there is growing evidence linking aberrant PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway activity to PDAC. Although these observations suggest that targeting one of these nodes might lead to more effective treatment options for patients with pancreatic and other cancers, the complex regulatory mechanisms and the number of sequence-conserved isoforms of these proteins have been viewed as significant barriers in drug development. Emerging insights into the allosteric regulatory mechanisms of these proteins suggest novel opportunities for development of selective allosteric inhibitors with fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) helping make significant inroads. The fact that allosteric inhibitors of Ras and AKT are currently in pre-clinical development lends support to this approach. In this article, we will focus on the recent advances and merits of developing allosteric drugs targeting these two inter-related signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Hubbard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Colleen L Moody
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ramachandran Murali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles, CA, USA ; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA
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149
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Identification of synthetic lethality of PRKDC in MYC-dependent human cancers by pooled shRNA screening. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:944. [PMID: 25495526 PMCID: PMC4320452 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background MYC family members are among the most frequently deregulated oncogenes in human cancers, yet direct therapeutic targeting of MYC in cancer has been challenging thus far. Synthetic lethality provides an opportunity for therapeutic intervention of MYC-driven cancers. Methods A pooled kinase shRNA library screen was performed and next-generation deep sequencing efforts identified that PRKDC was synthetically lethal in cells overexpressing MYC. Genes and proteins of interest were knocked down or inhibited using RNAi technology and small molecule inhibitors, respectively. Quantitative RT-PCR using TaqMan probes examined mRNA expression levels and cell viability was assessed using CellTiter-Glo (Promega). Western blotting was performed to monitor different protein levels in the presence or absence of RNAi or compound treatment. Statistical significance of differences among data sets were determined using unpaired t test (Mann–Whitney test) or ANOVA. Results Inhibition of PRKDC using RNAi (RNA interference) or small molecular inhibitors preferentially killed MYC-overexpressing human lung fibroblasts. Moreover, inducible PRKDC knockdown decreased cell viability selectively in high MYC-expressing human small cell lung cancer cell lines. At the molecular level, we found that inhibition of PRKDC downregulated MYC mRNA and protein expression in multiple cancer cell lines. In addition, we confirmed that overexpression of MYC family proteins induced DNA double-strand breaks; our results also revealed that PRKDC inhibition in these cells led to an increase in DNA damage levels. Conclusions Our data suggest that the synthetic lethality between PRKDC and MYC may in part be due to PRKDC dependent modulation of MYC expression, as well as MYC-induced DNA damage where PRKDC plays a key role in DNA damage repair. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2407-14-944) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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150
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Abstract
PDK1 is a key member of the AGC protein kinase family. It plays an important role in a variety of cellular functions, leading to the activation of the PI3K signaling pathway, an event often associated with the onset and progression of several human cancers. Numerous recent observations suggest that PDK1 inhibitors may provide novel opportunities for the development of effective classes of therapeutics. On these premises, recent years have witnessed an increased effort by medicinal chemists to develop novel scaffolds to derive potent and selective PDK1 inhibitors. The intent of this review is to update the reader on the recent patent literature, covering applications published between June 2008 and September 2011 that report on PDK1 inhibitors.
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