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Exercise-induced BCL2-regulated autophagy is required for muscle glucose homeostasis. Nature 2012. [DOI: 10.1038/nature10758 and 1530=2946-- uqjj] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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102
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He C, Bassik MC, Moresi V, Sun K, Wei Y, Zou Z, An Z, Loh J, Fisher J, Sun Q, Korsmeyer S, Packer M, May HI, Hill JA, Virgin HW, Gilpin C, Xiao G, Bassel-Duby R, Scherer PE, Levine B. Exercise-induced BCL2-regulated autophagy is required for muscle glucose homeostasis. Nature 2012. [DOI: 10.1038/nature10758 and extractvalue(7235,concat(0x5c,0x7176626a71,(select (elt(7235=7235,1))),0x7176626b71))-- awxf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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103
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He C, Bassik MC, Moresi V, Sun K, Wei Y, Zou Z, An Z, Loh J, Fisher J, Sun Q, Korsmeyer S, Packer M, May HI, Hill JA, Virgin HW, Gilpin C, Xiao G, Bassel-Duby R, Scherer PE, Levine B. Exercise-induced BCL2-regulated autophagy is required for muscle glucose homeostasis. Nature 2012. [DOI: 10.1038/nature10758 and 9442=4126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Exercise-induced BCL2-regulated autophagy is required for muscle glucose homeostasis. Nature 2012. [DOI: 10.1038/nature10758 and 4465=(select 4465 from pg_sleep(5))] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Exercise-induced BCL2-regulated autophagy is required for muscle glucose homeostasis. Nature 2012. [DOI: 10.1038/nature10758 and 7687=7687-- tmmb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Exercise-induced BCL2-regulated autophagy is required for muscle glucose homeostasis. Nature 2012. [DOI: 10.1038/nature10758 order by 1-- xxxw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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He C, Bassik MC, Moresi V, Sun K, Wei Y, Zou Z, An Z, Loh J, Fisher J, Sun Q, Korsmeyer S, Packer M, May HI, Hill JA, Virgin HW, Gilpin C, Xiao G, Bassel-Duby R, Scherer PE, Levine B. Exercise-induced BCL2-regulated autophagy is required for muscle glucose homeostasis. Nature 2012. [DOI: 10.1038/nature10758 and 4647=dbms_pipe.receive_message(chr(85)||chr(98)||chr(72)||chr(122),5)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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108
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He C, Bassik MC, Moresi V, Sun K, Wei Y, Zou Z, An Z, Loh J, Fisher J, Sun Q, Korsmeyer S, Packer M, May HI, Hill JA, Virgin HW, Gilpin C, Xiao G, Bassel-Duby R, Scherer PE, Levine B. Exercise-induced BCL2-regulated autophagy is required for muscle glucose homeostasis. Nature 2012. [DOI: 10.1038/nature10758 order by 1-- fzru] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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He C, Bassik MC, Moresi V, Sun K, Wei Y, Zou Z, An Z, Loh J, Fisher J, Sun Q, Korsmeyer S, Packer M, May HI, Hill JA, Virgin HW, Gilpin C, Xiao G, Bassel-Duby R, Scherer PE, Levine B. Exercise-induced BCL2-regulated autophagy is required for muscle glucose homeostasis. Nature 2012. [DOI: 10.1038/nature10758 and extractvalue(7235,concat(0x5c,0x7176626a71,(select (elt(7235=7235,1))),0x7176626b71))] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Exercise-induced BCL2-regulated autophagy is required for muscle glucose homeostasis. Nature 2012. [DOI: 10.1038/nature10758 and 7687=7687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Exercise-induced BCL2-regulated autophagy is required for muscle glucose homeostasis. Nature 2012. [DOI: 10.1038/nature10758 waitfor delay '0:0:5'] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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113
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He C, Bassik MC, Moresi V, Sun K, Wei Y, Zou Z, An Z, Loh J, Fisher J, Sun Q, Korsmeyer S, Packer M, May HI, Hill JA, Virgin HW, Gilpin C, Xiao G, Bassel-Duby R, Scherer PE, Levine B. Exercise-induced BCL2-regulated autophagy is required for muscle glucose homeostasis. Nature 2012. [DOI: 10.1038/nature10758 and 4465=(select 4465 from pg_sleep(5))-- tsdx] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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114
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He C, Bassik MC, Moresi V, Sun K, Wei Y, Zou Z, An Z, Loh J, Fisher J, Sun Q, Korsmeyer S, Packer M, May HI, Hill JA, Virgin HW, Gilpin C, Xiao G, Bassel-Duby R, Scherer PE, Levine B. Exercise-induced BCL2-regulated autophagy is required for muscle glucose homeostasis. Nature 2012; 481:511-5. [PMID: 22258505 PMCID: PMC3518436 DOI: 10.1038/nature10758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 871] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exercise has beneficial effects on human health, including protection against metabolic disorders such as diabetes. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying these effects are incompletely understood. The lysosomal degradation pathway, autophagy, is an intracellular recycling system that functions during basal conditions in organelle and protein quality control. During stress, increased levels of autophagy permit cells to adapt to changing nutritional and energy demands through protein catabolism. Moreover, in animal models, autophagy protects against diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, infections, inflammatory diseases, ageing and insulin resistance. Here we show that acute exercise induces autophagy in skeletal and cardiac muscle of fed mice. To investigate the role of exercise-mediated autophagy in vivo, we generated mutant mice that show normal levels of basal autophagy but are deficient in stimulus (exercise- or starvation)-induced autophagy. These mice (termed BCL2 AAA mice) contain knock-in mutations in BCL2 phosphorylation sites (Thr69Ala, Ser70Ala and Ser84Ala) that prevent stimulus-induced disruption of the BCL2-beclin-1 complex and autophagy activation. BCL2 AAA mice show decreased endurance and altered glucose metabolism during acute exercise, as well as impaired chronic exercise-mediated protection against high-fat-diet-induced glucose intolerance. Thus, exercise induces autophagy, BCL2 is a crucial regulator of exercise- (and starvation)-induced autophagy in vivo, and autophagy induction may contribute to the beneficial metabolic effects of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong He
- Center for Autophagy Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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Nyhan MJ, O'Donovan TR, Elzinga B, Crowley LC, O'Sullivan GC, McKenna SL. The BH3 mimetic HA14-1 enhances 5-fluorouracil-induced autophagy and type II cell death in oesophageal cancer cells. Br J Cancer 2012; 106:711-8. [PMID: 22240779 PMCID: PMC3322956 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Resistance to chemotherapeutic agents has been associated with a failure of cancer cells to induce apoptosis. Strategies to restore apoptosis have led to the development of BH3 mimetics, which inhibit anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members. We examined the sensitivity of three oesophageal cancer cell lines to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) alone and in combination with the BH3 mimetic HA14-1. Methods: Clonogenic assays, morphology, markers of autophagy and apoptosis were used to assess the involved death mechanisms. Results: In response to 5-FU treatment, OE21 cells induce apoptosis, KYSE450 and KYSE70 cells are more resistant and induce autophagy accompanied by type II cell death. Autophagy induction results in ineffective treatment as substantial numbers of cells survive and re-populate. HA14-1 did not improve 5-FU treatment or reduce colony re-growth in the apoptosis deficient KYSE70 cells. However, the sensitivity of OE21 (apoptotic) and KYSE450 cells (apoptosis deficient/type II cell death) was significantly improved. In OE21 cells, treatment with 5-FU and HA14-1 resulted in augmentation of apoptosis. In KYSE450 cells, the reduction in recovering colonies following combination treatment was due to the enhancement of type II cell death. Conclusion: The efficacy of HA14-1 is cell line dependent and is not reliant on apoptosis induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Nyhan
- Leslie C Quick Laboratory, Cork Cancer Research Centre, BioSciences Institute and Mercy University Hospital, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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116
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Criollo A, Niso-Santano M, Malik SA, Michaud M, Morselli E, Mariño G, Lachkar S, Arkhipenko AV, Harper F, Pierron G, Rain JC, Ninomiya-Tsuji J, Fuentes JM, Lavandero S, Galluzzi L, Maiuri MC, Kroemer G. Inhibition of autophagy by TAB2 and TAB3. EMBO J 2011; 30:4908-20. [PMID: 22081109 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2011.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagic responses are coupled to the activation of the inhibitor of NF-κB kinase (IKK). Here, we report that the essential autophagy mediator Beclin 1 and TGFβ-activated kinase 1 (TAK1)-binding proteins 2 and 3 (TAB2 and TAB3), two upstream activators of the TAK1-IKK signalling axis, constitutively interact with each other via their coiled-coil domains (CCDs). Upon autophagy induction, TAB2 and TAB3 dissociate from Beclin 1 and bind TAK1. Moreover, overexpression of TAB2 and TAB3 suppresses, while their depletion triggers, autophagy. The expression of the C-terminal domain of TAB2 or TAB3 or that of the CCD of Beclin 1 competitively disrupts the interaction between endogenous Beclin 1, TAB2 and TAB3, hence stimulating autophagy through a pathway that requires endogenous Beclin 1, TAK1 and IKK to be optimally efficient. These results point to the existence of an autophagy-stimulatory 'switch' whereby TAB2 and TAB3 abandon inhibitory interactions with Beclin 1 to engage in a stimulatory liaison with TAK1.
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Anvekar RA, Asciolla JJ, Missert DJ, Chipuk JE. Born to be alive: a role for the BCL-2 family in melanoma tumor cell survival, apoptosis, and treatment. Front Oncol 2011; 1. [PMID: 22268005 PMCID: PMC3260552 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2011.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The global incidence of melanoma has dramatically increased during the recent decades, yet the advancement of primary and adjuvant therapies has not kept a similar pace. The development of melanoma is often centered on cellular signaling that hyper-activates survival pathways, while inducing a concomitant blockade to cell death. Aberrations in cell death signaling not only promote tumor survival and enhanced metastatic potential, but also create resistance to anti-tumor strategies. Chemotherapeutic agents target melanoma tumor cells by inducing a form of cell death called apoptosis, which is governed by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The BCL-2 family is comprised of anti-apoptotic proteins (e.g., BCL-2, BCL-xL, and MCL-1) and pro-apoptotic proteins (e.g., BAK, BAX, and BIM), and their coordinated regulation and function are essential for optimal responses to chemotherapeutics. Here we will discuss what is currently known about the mechanisms of BCL-2 family function with a focus on the signaling pathways that maintain melanoma tumor cell survival. Importantly, we will critically evaluate the literature regarding how chemotherapeutic strategies directly impact on BCL-2 family function and offer several suggestions for future regimens to target melanoma and enhance patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina A Anvekar
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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