101
|
Total glucosides of paeony inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced proliferation, migration and invasion in androgen insensitive prostate cancer cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182584. [PMID: 28783760 PMCID: PMC5544245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that inflammatory microenvironment promoted prostate cancer progression. This study investigated whether total glucosides of paeony (TGP), the active constituents extracted from the root of Paeonia Lactiflora Pall, suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated proliferation, migration and invasion in androgen insensitive prostate cancer cells. PC-3 cells were incubated with LPS (2.0 μg/mL) in the absence or presence of TGP (312.5 μg /mL). As expected, cells at S phase and nuclear CyclinD1, the markers of cell proliferation, were increased in LPS-stimulated PC-3 cells. Migration activity, as determined by wound-healing assay and transwell migration assay, and invasion activity, as determined by transwell invasion assay, were elevated in LPS-stimulated PC-3 cells. Interestingly, TGP suppressed LPS-stimulated PC-3 cells proliferation. Moreover, TGP inhibited LPS-stimulated migration and invasion of PC-3 cells. Additional experiment showed that TGP inhibited activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/p38 in LPS-stimulated PC-3 cells. Correspondingly, TGP attenuated upregulation of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in LPS-stimulated PC-3 cells. In addition, TGP inhibited nuclear translocation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in LPS-stimulated PC-3 cells. These results suggest that TGP inhibits inflammation-associated STAT3 activation and proliferation, migration and invasion in androgen insensitive prostate cancer cells.
Collapse
|
102
|
Dai C, Chung YM, Kovac E, Zhu Z, Li J, Magi-Galluzzi C, Stephenson AJ, Klein EA, Sharifi N. Direct Metabolic Interrogation of Dihydrotestosterone Biosynthesis from Adrenal Precursors in Primary Prostatectomy Tissues. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:6351-6362. [PMID: 28733443 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-1313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: A major mechanism of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) involves intratumoral biosynthesis of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) from adrenal precursors. We have previously shown that adrenal-derived androstenedione (AD) is the preferred substrate over testosterone (T) for 5α-reductase expressed in metastatic CRPC, bypassing T as an obligate precursor to DHT. However, the metabolic pathway of adrenal-derived DHT biosynthesis has not been rigorously investigated in the setting of primary disease in the prostate.Experimental Design: Seventeen patients with clinically localized prostate cancer were consented for fresh tissues after radical prostatectomy. Prostate tissues were cultured ex vivo in media spiked with an equimolar mixture of AD and T, and stable isotopic tracing was employed to simultaneously follow the enzymatic conversion of both precursor steroids into nascent metabolites, detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. CRPC cell line models and xenograft tissues were similarly assayed for comparative analysis. A tritium-labeled steroid radiotracing approach was used to validate our findings.Results: Prostatectomy tissues readily 5α-reduced both T and AD. Furthermore, 5α-reduction of AD was the major directionality of metabolic flux to DHT. However, AD and T were comparably metabolized by 5α-reductase in primary prostate tissues, contrasting the preference exhibited by CRPC in which AD was favored over T. 5α-reductase inhibitors effectively blocked the conversion of AD to DHT.Conclusions: Both AD and T are substrates of 5α-reductase in prostatectomy tissues, resulting in two distinctly nonredundant metabolic pathways to DHT. Furthermore, the transition to CRPC may coincide with a metabolic switch toward AD as the favored substrate. Clin Cancer Res; 23(20); 6351-62. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Dai
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yoon-Mi Chung
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Evan Kovac
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ziqi Zhu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jianneng Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Andrew J Stephenson
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Eric A Klein
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Nima Sharifi
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio. .,Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Inhibition of the androgen receptor induces a novel tumor promoter, ZBTB46, for prostate cancer metastasis. Oncogene 2017; 36:6213-6224. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
104
|
Gasparrini S, Cimadamore A, Mazzucchelli R, Scarpelli M, Massari F, Raspollini MR, Galosi AB, Lopez-Beltran A, Cheng L, Montironi R. Pathology and molecular updates in tumors of the prostate: towards a personalized approach. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2017; 17:781-789. [PMID: 28598696 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2017.1341314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Treatment planning in patients with prostate neoplasms and prostate cancer (PCa) is generally based on the clinical and pathological molecular markers obtained from prostate needle biopsy and/or radical prostatectomy specimens. Area covered: Pathology of prostate neoplasms is evolving rapidly. Emerging trends include new additions to the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) tumor classification as well as expanded diagnostic utility of biomarkers and molecular testing in tissue specimens, liquid biopsies and urinary samples, with the following purposes: diagnosis, prognosis and prediction. Expert commentary: The new additions to the 2016 WHO tumor classification, which include pathological definition of Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) and of a new grading system for PCa, as well as identification of molecular markers, such as TMPRSS2-ERG and AR-V7, may pave the way to personalized therapy for patients with prostate tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Gasparrini
- a Section of Pathological Anatomy , Marche Polytechnic University, School of Medicine, United Hospitals , Ancona , Italy
| | - Alessia Cimadamore
- a Section of Pathological Anatomy , Marche Polytechnic University, School of Medicine, United Hospitals , Ancona , Italy
| | - Roberta Mazzucchelli
- a Section of Pathological Anatomy , Marche Polytechnic University, School of Medicine, United Hospitals , Ancona , Italy
| | - Marina Scarpelli
- a Section of Pathological Anatomy , Marche Polytechnic University, School of Medicine, United Hospitals , Ancona , Italy
| | - Francesco Massari
- b Division of Oncology , S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital , Bologna , Italy
| | | | - Andrea B Galosi
- d Institute of Urology , Marche Polytechnic University, School of Medicine, United Hospitals , Ancona , Italy
| | | | - Liang Cheng
- f Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis , IN , USA
| | - Rodolfo Montironi
- a Section of Pathological Anatomy , Marche Polytechnic University, School of Medicine, United Hospitals , Ancona , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Norris JD, Ellison SJ, Baker JG, Stagg DB, Wardell SE, Park S, Alley HM, Baldi RM, Yllanes A, Andreano KJ, Stice JP, Lawrence SA, Eisner JR, Price DK, Moore WR, Figg WD, McDonnell DP. Androgen receptor antagonism drives cytochrome P450 17A1 inhibitor efficacy in prostate cancer. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:2326-2338. [PMID: 28463227 DOI: 10.1172/jci87328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical utility of inhibiting cytochrome P450 17A1 (CYP17), a cytochrome p450 enzyme that is required for the production of androgens, has been exemplified by the approval of abiraterone for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Recently, however, it has been reported that CYP17 inhibitors can interact directly with the androgen receptor (AR). A phase I study recently reported that seviteronel, a CYP17 lyase-selective inhibitor, ædemonstrated a sustained reduction in prostate-specific antigen in a patient with CRPC, and another study showed seviteronel's direct effects on AR function. This suggested that seviteronel may have therapeutically relevant activities in addition to its ability to inhibit androgen production. Here, we have demonstrated that CYP17 inhibitors, with the exception of orteronel, can function as competitive AR antagonists. Conformational profiling revealed that the CYP17 inhibitor-bound AR adopted a conformation that resembled the unliganded AR (apo-AR), precluding nuclear localization and DNA binding. Further, we observed that seviteronel and abiraterone inhibited the growth of tumor xenografts expressing the clinically relevant mutation AR-F876L and that this activity could be attributed entirely to competitive AR antagonism. The results of this study suggest that the ability of CYP17 inhibitors to directly antagonize the AR may contribute to their clinical efficacy in CRPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John D Norris
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stephanie J Ellison
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer G Baker
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - David B Stagg
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Suzanne E Wardell
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sunghee Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Holly M Alley
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert M Baldi
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexander Yllanes
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kaitlyn J Andreano
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - James P Stice
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Scott A Lawrence
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joel R Eisner
- Innocrin Pharmaceuticals Inc., Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Douglas K Price
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - William D Figg
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Donald P McDonnell
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Thomas JD, Longen CG, Oyer HM, Chen N, Maher CM, Salvino JM, Kania B, Anderson KN, Ostrander WF, Knudsen KE, Kim FJ. Sigma1 Targeting to Suppress Aberrant Androgen Receptor Signaling in Prostate Cancer. Cancer Res 2017; 77:2439-2452. [PMID: 28235766 PMCID: PMC5462524 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Suppression of androgen receptor (AR) activity in prostate cancer by androgen depletion or direct AR antagonist treatment, although initially effective, leads to incurable castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) via compensatory mechanisms including resurgence of AR and AR splice variant (ARV) signaling. Emerging evidence suggests that Sigma1 (also known as sigma-1 receptor) is a unique chaperone or scaffolding protein that contributes to cellular protein homeostasis. We reported previously that some Sigma1-selective small molecules can be used to pharmacologically modulate protein homeostasis pathways. We hypothesized that these Sigma1-mediated responses could be exploited to suppress AR protein levels and activity. Here we demonstrate that treatment with a small-molecule Sigma1 inhibitor prevented 5α- dihydrotestosterone-mediated nuclear translocation of AR and induced proteasomal degradation of AR and ARV, suppressing the transcriptional activity and protein levels of both full-length and splice-variant AR. Consistent with these data, RNAi knockdown of Sigma1 resulted in decreased AR levels and transcriptional activity. Furthermore, Sigma1 physically associated with ARV7 and ARv567es as well as full-length AR. Treatment of mice xenografted with ARV-driven CRPC tumors with a drug-like small-molecule Sigma1 inhibitor significantly inhibited tumor growth associated with elimination of AR and ARV7 in responsive tumors. Together, our data show that Sigma1 modulators can be used to suppress AR/ARV-driven prostate cancer cells via regulation of pharmacologically responsive Sigma1-AR/ARV interactions, both in vitro and in vivoCancer Res; 77(9); 2439-52. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Charles G Longen
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Halley M Oyer
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christina M Maher
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph M Salvino
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Blase Kania
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kelsey N Anderson
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - William F Ostrander
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel College of Medicine at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Karen E Knudsen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel College of Medicine at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Felix J Kim
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Nunes JJ, Pandey SK, Yadav A, Goel S, Ateeq B. Targeting NF-kappa B Signaling by Artesunate Restores Sensitivity of Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells to Antiandrogens. Neoplasia 2017; 19:333-345. [PMID: 28319807 PMCID: PMC5358938 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the most preferred treatment for men with metastatic prostate cancer (PCa). However, the disease eventually progresses and develops resistance to ADT in majority of the patients, leading to the emergence of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Here, we assessed artesunate (AS), an artemisinin derivative, for its anticancer properties and ability to alleviate resistance to androgen receptor (AR) antagonists. We have shown AS in combination with bicalutamide (Bic) attenuates the oncogenic properties of the castrate-resistant (PC3, 22RV1) and androgen-responsive (LNCaP) PCa cells. Mechanistically, AS and Bic combination inhibits nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling and decreases AR and/or AR-variant 7 expression via ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation. The combination induces oxidative stress and apoptosis via survivin downregulation and caspase-3 activation, resulting in poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage. Moreover, preclinical castrate-resistant PC3 xenograft studies in NOD/SCID mice (n =28, seven per group) show remarkable tumor regression and significant reduction in lungs and bone metastases upon administering AS (50 mg/kg per day in two divided doses) and Bic (50 mg/kg per day) via oral gavage. Taken together, we for the first time provide a compelling preclinical rationale that AS could disrupt AR antagonist-mediated resistance observed in mCRPC. The current study also indicates that the therapeutic combination of Food and Drug Administration-approved AS or NF-κB inhibitors and AR antagonists may enhance the clinical efficacy in the treatment of mCRPC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Nunes
- Molecular Oncology Lab, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur-208016, U.P., India
| | - Swaroop K Pandey
- Molecular Oncology Lab, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur-208016, U.P., India
| | - Anjali Yadav
- Molecular Oncology Lab, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur-208016, U.P., India
| | - Sakshi Goel
- Molecular Oncology Lab, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur-208016, U.P., India
| | - Bushra Ateeq
- Molecular Oncology Lab, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur-208016, U.P., India.
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Lin HM, Mahon KL, Spielman C, Gurney H, Mallesara G, Stockler MR, Bastick P, Briscoe K, Marx G, Swarbrick A, Horvath LG. Phase 2 study of circulating microRNA biomarkers in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Br J Cancer 2017; 116:1002-1011. [PMID: 28278515 PMCID: PMC5396108 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Biomarkers of therapeutic response and prognosis are needed to assist in the sequencing of treatments for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Previously in a Phase 1 discovery study, we identified 14 circulating microRNAs that were associated with response to docetaxel chemotherapy or overall survival. We performed a Phase 2 validation study to verify these findings. Methods: Using real-time PCR, the levels of the 14 microRNAs were measured in plasma collected before and after the first cycle of docetaxel from a Phase 2 cohort of 89 patients. Results: The microRNAs were not associated with docetaxel response in the Phase 2 cohort. Higher baseline levels of six microRNAs, predominantly of the miR-200 family, were confirmed to be associated with shorter overall survival. A microRNA signature comprising these six microRNAs predicted high-risk patients in the Phase 2 cohort with a hazard ratio of 4.12 (95% CI 2.20–7.70, P=0.000001). The signature was an independent predictor in multivariable analysis with clinicopathological factors. Conclusions: The association of circulating microRNAs with overall survival suggests their involvement in CRPC progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ming Lin
- Cancer Division, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre/Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Kate L Mahon
- Cancer Division, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre/Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia.,Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Calan Spielman
- Cancer Division, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre/Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Howard Gurney
- Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia.,Pharmacogenomics Research for Individualised Medicine (PRIMe) consortium, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Girish Mallesara
- Pharmacogenomics Research for Individualised Medicine (PRIMe) consortium, New South Wales, Australia.,Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital, Waratah, New South Wales 2298, Australia
| | - Martin R Stockler
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia.,Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia.,Pharmacogenomics Research for Individualised Medicine (PRIMe) consortium, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia.,Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, New South Wales 2139, Australia
| | - Patricia Bastick
- Pharmacogenomics Research for Individualised Medicine (PRIMe) consortium, New South Wales, Australia.,St George Hospital, Kogarah, New South Wales 2217, Australia
| | - Karen Briscoe
- Pharmacogenomics Research for Individualised Medicine (PRIMe) consortium, New South Wales, Australia.,Mid North Coast Cancer Institute, Coffs Harbour Health Campus, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales 2450, Australia
| | - Gavin Marx
- Pharmacogenomics Research for Individualised Medicine (PRIMe) consortium, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Adventist Hospital, Wahroonga, New South Wales 2076, Australia
| | - Alexander Swarbrick
- Cancer Division, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre/Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Lisa G Horvath
- Cancer Division, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre/Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia.,Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia.,Pharmacogenomics Research for Individualised Medicine (PRIMe) consortium, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Li J, Wang R, Kong Y, Broman MM, Carlock C, Chen L, Li Z, Farah E, Ratliff TL, Liu X. Targeting Plk1 to Enhance Efficacy of Olaparib in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:469-479. [PMID: 28069876 PMCID: PMC5337144 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Olaparib is an FDA-approved PARP inhibitor (PARPi) that has shown promise as a synthetic lethal treatment approach for BRCA-mutant castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in clinical use. However, emerging data have also shown that even BRCA-mutant cells may be resistant to PARPi. The mechanistic basis for these drug resistances is poorly understood. Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), a critical regulator of many cell-cycle events, is significantly elevated upon castration of mice carrying xenograft prostate tumors. Herein, by combination with Plk1 inhibitor BI2536, we show a robust sensitization of olaparib in 22RV1, a BRCA1-deficient CRPC cell line, as well as in CRPC xenograft tumors. Mechanistically, monotherapy with olaparib results in an override of the G1-S checkpoint, leading to high expression of Plk1, which attenuates olaparib's overall efficacy. In BRCA1 wild-type C4-2 cells, Plk1 inhibition also significantly increases the efficacy of olaparib in the presence of p53 inhibitor. Collectively, our findings not only implicate the critical role of Plk1 in PARPi resistance in BRCA-mutant CRPC cells, but also shed new light on the treatment of non-BRCA-mutant patient subgroups who might also respond favorably to PARPi. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(3); 469-79. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Ruixin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Yifan Kong
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Meaghan M Broman
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Colin Carlock
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Zhiguo Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Elia Farah
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Timothy L Ratliff
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Xiaoqi Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Das DK, Ogunwobi OO. A novel microRNA-1207-3p/FNDC1/FN1/AR regulatory pathway in prostate cancer. RNA & DISEASE 2017; 4:e1503. [PMID: 28251177 PMCID: PMC5328418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cause of cancer-specific deaths in the U.S. Unfortunately, the underlying molecular mechanisms for its development and progression remain unclear. Studies have established that microRNAs (miRNAs) are dysregulated in PCa. The intron-derived microRNA-1207-3p (miR-1207-3p) is encoded at the non-protein coding gene locus PVT1 on the 8q24 human chromosomal region, an established PCa susceptibility locus. However, miR-1207-3p in PCa had not previously been investigated. Therefore, we explored if miR-1207-3p plays any regulatory role in PCa. We discovered that miR-1207-3p is significantly underexpressed in PCa cell lines in comparison to normal prostate epithelial cells, and that increased expression of microRNA-1207-3p in PCa cells significantly inhibits proliferation, migration, and induces apoptosis via direct molecular targeting of fibronectin type III domain containing 1 (FNDC1). Our studies also revealed significant overexpression of FNDC1, fibronectin (FN1) and the androgen receptor (AR) in human PCa cell lines as well as tissues, and FNDC1, FN1, and AR positively correlate with aggressive PCa. These findings, recently published in Experimental Cell Research, are the first to describe a novel miR-1207-3p/FNDC1/FN1/AR novel regulatory pathway in PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dibash K. Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of The City University of New York, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- The Graduate Center Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, The City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Olorunseun O. Ogunwobi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of The City University of New York, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- The Graduate Center Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, The City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Pakula H, Xiang D, Li Z. A Tale of Two Signals: AR and WNT in Development and Tumorigenesis of Prostate and Mammary Gland. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:E14. [PMID: 28134791 PMCID: PMC5332937 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers and among the leading causes of cancer deaths for men in industrialized countries. It has long been recognized that the prostate is an androgen-dependent organ and PCa is an androgen-dependent disease. Androgen action is mediated by the androgen receptor (AR). Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the standard treatment for metastatic PCa. However, almost all advanced PCa cases progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) after a period of ADT. A variety of mechanisms of progression from androgen-dependent PCa to CRPC under ADT have been postulated, but it remains largely unclear as to when and how castration resistance arises within prostate tumors. In addition, AR signaling may be modulated by extracellular factors among which are the cysteine-rich glycoproteins WNTs. The WNTs are capable of signaling through several pathways, the best-characterized being the canonical WNT/β-catenin/TCF-mediated canonical pathway. Recent studies from sequencing PCa genomes revealed that CRPC cells frequently harbor mutations in major components of the WNT/β-catenin pathway. Moreover, the finding of an interaction between β-catenin and AR suggests a possible mechanism of cross talk between WNT and androgen/AR signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of both AR and WNT pathways in prostate development and tumorigenesis, and their interaction during development of CRPC. We also review the possible therapeutic application of drugs that target both AR and WNT/β-catenin pathways. Finally, we extend our review of AR and WNT signaling to the mammary gland system and breast cancer. We highlight that the role of AR signaling and its interaction with WNT signaling in these two hormone-related cancer types are highly context-dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Pakula
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Room 466, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Dongxi Xiang
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Room 466, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Zhe Li
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Room 466, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Martin PL, Yin JJ, Seng V, Casey O, Corey E, Morrissey C, Simpson RM, Kelly K. Androgen deprivation leads to increased carbohydrate metabolism and hexokinase 2-mediated survival in Pten/Tp53-deficient prostate cancer. Oncogene 2017; 36:525-533. [PMID: 27375016 PMCID: PMC6639059 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is characterized by a dependence upon androgen receptor (AR) signaling, and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the accepted treatment for progressive prostate cancer. Although ADT is usually initially effective, acquired resistance termed castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) develops. PTEN and TP53 are two of the most commonly deleted or mutated genes in prostate cancer, the compound loss of which is enriched in CRPC. To interrogate the metabolic alterations associated with survival following ADT, we used an orthotopic model of Pten/Tp53 null prostate cancer. Metabolite profiles and associated regulators were compared in tumors from androgen-intact mice and in tumors surviving castration. AR inhibition led to changes in the levels of glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle pathway intermediates. As anticipated for inhibitory reciprocal feedback between AR and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, pAKT levels were increased in androgen-deprived tumors. Elevated mitochondrial hexokinase 2 (HK2) levels and enzyme activities also were observed in androgen-deprived tumors, consistent with pAKT-dependent HK2 protein induction and mitochondrial association. Competitive inhibition of HK2-mitochondrial binding in prostate cancer cells led to decreased viability. These data argue for AKT-associated HK2-mediated metabolic reprogramming and mitochondrial association in PI3K-driven prostate cancer as one survival mechanism downstream of AR inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip L. Martin
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Juan-Juan Yin
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Victoria Seng
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Orla Casey
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Colm Morrissey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - R. Mark Simpson
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Kathleen Kelly
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Li H, Wang Z, Tang K, Zhou H, Liu H, Yan L, Guan W, Chen K, Xu H, Ye Z. Prognostic Value of Androgen Receptor Splice Variant 7 in the Treatment of Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer with Next generation Androgen Receptor Signal Inhibition: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Eur Urol Focus 2017; 4:529-539. [PMID: 28753843 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Androgen receptor splice variant 7 (AR-V7) may be associated with resistance to next-generation androgen receptor signaling (ARS) inhibitors in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) sensitive to chemotherapy. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prognostic value of AR-V7 for prostate specific antigen (PSA) response, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) among CRPC patients treated with ARS inhibitors or chemotherapy. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases was performed using the keywords "prostate cancer", "prostate tumor", "prostate neoplasm", "prostate carcinoma"; "AR-V7", "AR3", "androgen receptor splicing variant-7" and "androgen receptor-3". Fourteen trials published up to August 2016 were selected. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS A significantly greater proportion of CRPCs than newly diagnosed prostate cancers were AR-V7-positive (odds ratio [OR] 8.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.06-13.57; p<0.001). AR-V7-positive patients treated with ARS inhibitors had a significantly lower PSA response than those who were AR-V7-negative (OR 0.05, 95% CI 0.02-0.16; p<0.001).The difference was not significant in chemotherapy-treated patients (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.3-1.33; p=0.23). Both PFS (hazard ratio [HR] 4.05, 95% CI 1.91-8.59; p=0.0003) and OS (HR 4.79, 95% CI 2.14-10.72; p<0.001) were better in AR-V7-negative than AR-V7-positive CRPC patients treated with ARS inhibitors. In chemotherapy patients, AR-V7 status had no significant effect on PFS (HR 1.26, 95% CI 0.80-2.00; p=0.32).However, AR-V7-negative patients had significantly better OS (HR 2.82, 95% CI 1.72-4.62; p<0.001). The limitations of our meta-analysis were differences in study sample size and design, AR-V7 assay, and disease characteristics. CONCLUSIONS AR-V7 positivity was associated with poorer PSA response and PFS prognosis in CRPC patients treated with ARS inhibitors, but did not affect outcomes except OS for those treated with chemotherapy. Additional studies are warranted to confirm these findings. PATIENT SUMMARY We concluded from several studies that androgen receptor splice variant 7 (AR-V7) could predict the outcomes of prostate cancer. AR-V7-positive patients have poorer outcomes when treated with abiraterone or enzalutamide, but relatively better outcomes when treated by chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhize Wang
- Hubei Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Tang
- Hubei Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Hubei Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haoran Liu
- Hubei Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Libin Yan
- Hubei Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Guan
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Hubei Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Xu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhangqun Ye
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Abstract
Sigma1 (also known as sigma-1 receptor, Sig1R, σ1 receptor) is a unique pharmacologically regulated integral membrane chaperone or scaffolding protein. The majority of publications on the subject have focused on the neuropharmacology of Sigma1. However, a number of publications have also suggested a role for Sigma1 in cancer. Although there is currently no clinically used anti-cancer drug that targets Sigma1, a growing body of evidence supports the potential of Sigma1 ligands as therapeutic agents to treat cancer. In preclinical models, compounds with affinity for Sigma1 have been reported to inhibit cancer cell proliferation and survival, cell adhesion and migration, tumor growth, to alleviate cancer-associated pain, and to have immunomodulatory properties. This review will highlight that although the literature supports a role for Sigma1 in cancer, several fundamental questions regarding drug mechanism of action and the physiological relevance of aberrant SIGMAR1 transcript and Sigma1 protein expression in certain cancers remain unanswered or only partially answered. However, emerging lines of evidence suggest that Sigma1 is a component of the cancer cell support machinery, that it facilitates protein interaction networks, that it allosterically modulates the activity of its associated proteins, and that Sigma1 is a selectively multifunctional drug target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix J Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Christina M Maher
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Das DK, Naidoo M, Ilboudo A, Park JY, Ali T, Krampis K, Robinson BD, Osborne JR, Ogunwobi OO. miR-1207-3p regulates the androgen receptor in prostate cancer via FNDC1/fibronectin. Exp Cell Res 2016; 348:190-200. [PMID: 27693493 PMCID: PMC5077722 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is frequently diagnosed in men, and dysregulation of microRNAs is characteristic of many cancers. MicroRNA-1207-3p is encoded at the non-protein coding gene locus PVT1 on the 8q24 human chromosomal region, an established PCa susceptibility locus. However, the role of microRNA-1207-3p in PCa is unclear. We discovered that microRNA-1207-3p is significantly underexpressed in PCa cell lines in comparison to normal prostate epithelial cells. Increased expression of microRNA-1207-3p in PCa cells significantly inhibits proliferation, migration, and induces apoptosis via direct molecular targeting of FNDC1, a protein which contains a conserved protein domain of fibronectin (FN1). FNDC1, FN1, and the androgen receptor (AR) are significantly overexpressed in PCa cell lines and human PCa, and positively correlate with aggressive PCa. Prostate tumor FN1 expression in patients that experienced PCa-specific death is significantly higher than in patients that remained alive. Furthermore, FNDC1, FN1 and AR are concomitantly overexpressed in metastatic PCa. Consequently, these studies have revealed a novel microRNA-1207-3p/FNDC1/FN1/AR regulatory pathway in PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dibash K Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of The City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA; The Graduate Center Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michelle Naidoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of The City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Adeodat Ilboudo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of The City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jong Y Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Thahmina Ali
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of The City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Konstantinos Krampis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of The City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Brian D Robinson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Joseph R Osborne
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Olorunseun O Ogunwobi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of The City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA; The Graduate Center Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
The Master Neural Transcription Factor BRN2 Is an Androgen Receptor–Suppressed Driver of Neuroendocrine Differentiation in Prostate Cancer. Cancer Discov 2016; 7:54-71. [DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-15-1263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
117
|
Uo T, Dvinge H, Sprenger CC, Bradley RK, Nelson PS, Plymate SR. Systematic and functional characterization of novel androgen receptor variants arising from alternative splicing in the ligand-binding domain. Oncogene 2016; 36:1440-1450. [PMID: 27694897 PMCID: PMC5344735 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The presence of intact ligand-binding domain (LBD) ensures the strict androgen-dependent regulation of androgen receptor (AR): binding of androgen induces structural reorganization of LBD resulting in release of AR from HSP90, suppression of nuclear export which otherwise dominates over import and nuclear translocation of AR as a transcription factor. Thus, loss or defects of the LBD abolish constraint from un-liganded LBD as exemplified by constitutively active AR variants (AR-Vs), which are associated with emerging resistance mechanism to anti-AR therapy in castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Recent analysis of the AR splicing landscapes revealed mCRPC harboring multiple AR-Vs with diverse patterns of inclusion/exclusion of exons (exons 4–8) corresponding to LBD to produce namely exon-skipping variants. In silico construction for these AR-Vs revealed four novel AR-Vs having unique features: Exclusion of specified exons introduces a frameshift in variants v5es, v6es and v7es. ARv56es maintains the reading frame resulting in the inclusion of the C-terminal half of the LBD. We systematically characterized these AR-Vs regarding their subcellular localization, affinity for HSP90 and transactivation capability. Notably, ARv5es was free from HSP90, exclusively nuclear, and constitutively active similarly as previously reported for v567es. In contrast, v6es and v7es were similar in that they are cytoplasmic, transcriptionally inactive and bind HSP90, ARv56es was present in both nucleus and cytoplasm, does not bind HSP90 and is transcriptionally inactive. Converting these transcriptionally inactive AR-Vs into active forms, we identified the two separate elements that allosterically suppress otherwise constitutively active AR-Vs; one in exon 5 for v6es and v7es and the other in exon 8 for v56es. Our findings identify a novel constitutively active AR-V, ARv5es and establish a method to predict potential activities of AR-Vs carrying impaired LBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Uo
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - H Dvinge
- Computational Biology Program, Public Health Sciences Division and Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - C C Sprenger
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R K Bradley
- Computational Biology Program, Public Health Sciences Division and Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - P S Nelson
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S R Plymate
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
The anti-proliferative and anti-androgenic activity of different pomegranate accessions. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
119
|
Global analysis of transcription in castration-resistant prostate cancer cells uncovers active enhancers and direct androgen receptor targets. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33510. [PMID: 27641228 PMCID: PMC5027586 DOI: 10.1038/srep33510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) is a male sex steroid-activated transcription factor (TF) that plays a critical role in prostate cancers, including castration-resistant prostate cancers (CRPC) that typically express amplified levels of the AR. CRPC-derived VCaP cells display an excessive number of chromatin AR-binding sites (ARBs) most of which localize to distal inter- or intragenic regions. Here, we analyzed direct transcription programs of the AR in VCaP cells using global nuclear run-on sequencing (GRO-seq) and integrated the GRO-seq data with the ARB and VCaP cell-specific TF-binding data. Androgen immediately activated transcription of hundreds of protein-coding genes, including IGF-1 receptor and EGF receptor. Androgen also simultaneously repressed transcription of a large number of genes, including MYC. As functional enhancers have been postulated to produce enhancer-templated non-coding RNAs (eRNAs), we also analyzed the eRNAs, which revealed that only a fraction of the ARBs reside at functional enhancers. Activation of these enhancers was most pronounced at the sites that also bound PIAS1, ERG and HDAC3, whereas binding of HDAC3 and PIAS1 decreased at androgen-repressed enhancers. In summary, our genome-wide data of androgen-regulated enhancers and primary target genes provide new insights how the AR can directly regulate cellular growth and control signaling pathways in CPRC cells.
Collapse
|
120
|
Antonarakis ES, Armstrong AJ, Dehm SM, Luo J. Androgen receptor variant-driven prostate cancer: clinical implications and therapeutic targeting. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2016; 19:231-41. [PMID: 27184811 PMCID: PMC5493501 DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2016.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
While there are myriad mechanisms of primary and acquired resistance to conventional and next-generation hormonal therapies in prostate cancer, the potential role of androgen receptor splice variants (AR-Vs) has recently gained momentum. AR-Vs are abnormally truncated isoforms of the androgen receptor (AR) protein that lack the COOH-terminal domain but retain the NH2-terminal domain and DNA-binding domain and are thus constitutively active even in the absence of ligands. Although multiple preclinical studies have previously implicated AR-Vs in the development of castration resistance as well as resistance to abiraterone and enzalutamide, recent technological advances have made it possible to reliably detect and quantify AR-Vs from human clinical tumor specimens including blood samples. Initial clinical studies have now shown that certain AR-Vs, in particular AR-V7, may be associated with resistance to abiraterone and enzalutamide but not taxane chemotherapies when detected in circulating tumor cells. Efforts are now underway to clinically validate AR-V7 as a relevant treatment-selection biomarker in the context of other key genomic aberrations in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Additional efforts are underway to therapeutically target both AR and AR-Vs either directly or indirectly. Whether AR-Vs represent drivers of castration-resistant prostate cancer, or whether they are simply passenger events associated with aggressive disease or clonal heterogeneity, will ultimately be answered only through these types of clinical trials.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Alternative Splicing
- Androgen Receptor Antagonists/therapeutic use
- Androgens/metabolism
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Epithelium/metabolism
- Epithelium/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genetic Variation
- Humans
- Male
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Protein Binding
- Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
- Protein Multimerization
- Receptors, Androgen/chemistry
- Receptors, Androgen/genetics
- Receptors, Androgen/metabolism
- Research
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Transcription, Genetic
- Treatment Outcome
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ES Antonarakis
- Departments of Oncology and Urology, Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - AJ Armstrong
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Divisions of Medical Oncology and Urology, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - SM Dehm
- Masonic Cancer Center and Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - J Luo
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Yap TA, Smith AD, Ferraldeschi R, Al-Lazikani B, Workman P, de Bono JS. Drug discovery in advanced prostate cancer: translating biology into therapy. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2016; 15:699-718. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2016.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
122
|
Luo J. Development of AR-V7 as a putative treatment selection marker for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Asian J Androl 2016; 18:580-5. [PMID: 27174161 PMCID: PMC4955182 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.178490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer cells demonstrate a remarkable "addiction" to androgen receptor (AR) signaling in all stages of disease progression. As such, suppression of AR signaling remains the therapeutic goal in systemic treatment of prostate cancer. A number of molecular alterations arise in patients treated with AR-directed therapies. These molecular alterations may indicate the emergence of treatment resistance and may be targeted for the development of novel agents for prostate cancer. The presence of functional androgen receptor splice variants may represent a potential explanation for resistance to abiraterone and enzalutamide, newer AR-directed agents developed to treat metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). In the last 8 years, many androgen receptor splice variants have been identified and characterized. Among these, androgen receptor splice variant-7 (AR-V7) has been investigated extensively. In AR-V7, the entire COOH-terminal ligand-binding domain of the canonical AR is truncated and replaced with a variant-specific peptide of 16 amino acids. Functionally, AR-V7 is capable of mediating constitutive nuclear localization and androgen receptor signaling in the absence of androgens, or in the presence of enzalutamide. In this review, we will focus on clinical translational studies involving detection/measurement of AR-V7. Methods have been developed to detect AR-V7 in clinical mCRPC specimens. AR-V7 can be reliably measured in both tissue and circulating tumor cells derived from mCRPC patients, making it possible to conduct both cross-sectional and longitudinal clinical correlative studies. Current evidence derived from studies focusing on detection of AR-V7 in mCRPC support its potential clinical utility as a treatment selection marker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Luo
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death in Western men. Our understanding of the genetic alterations associated with disease predisposition, development, progression, and therapy response is rapidly improving, at least in part, owing to the development of next-generation sequencing technologies. Large advances have been made in our understanding of the genetics of prostate cancer through the application of whole-exome sequencing, and this review summarises recent advances in this field and discusses how exome sequencing could be used clinically to promote personalised medicine for prostate cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela C Pine
- Molecular Oncology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, UK
| | - Flavia F Fioretti
- Androgen Signalling Laboratory, Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational & Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Greg N Brooke
- Molecular Oncology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, UK; Androgen Signalling Laboratory, Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational & Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Charlotte L Bevan
- Androgen Signalling Laboratory, Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational & Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Sharp A, Welti J, Blagg J, de Bono JS. Targeting Androgen Receptor Aberrations in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:4280-2. [PMID: 27330057 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) splice variants (SV) have been implicated in the development of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and resistance to AR targeting therapies, including abiraterone and enzalutamide. Agents targeting AR-SV are urgently needed to test this hypothesis and further improve the outcome of patients suffering from this lethal disease. Clin Cancer Res; 22(17); 4280-2. ©2016 AACRSee related article by Yang et al., p. 4466.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Sharp
- Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy Group, Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Welti
- Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy Group, Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Julian Blagg
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Johann S de Bono
- Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy Group, Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Teply BA, Antonarakis ES. Novel mechanism-based therapeutics for androgen axis blockade in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2016; 23:279-90. [PMID: 26978733 PMCID: PMC4896735 DOI: 10.1097/med.0000000000000254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Understanding the mechanisms by which castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) progresses provides an opportunity to identify novel therapeutic strategies to treat this disease. This understanding has led to approaches to attack prostate cancer's androgen axis in unique ways. This review will examine the classes of novel therapies for androgen axis blockade in CRPC, with a particular focus on the unique characteristics of drugs in various stages of clinical development. RECENT FINDINGS The success of abiraterone and enzalutamide has stimulated multiple investigations into novel approaches to attack the androgen-signaling pathway. Drugs under development include cytochrome P17 inhibitors with 17,20-lyase specificity, androgen receptor antagonists that are active against mutated and constitutively active splice variant forms of the protein, androgen receptor degraders, and bromodomain/bromodomain extra-terminal inhibitors that prevent chromatin binding of activated receptors. The clinical development of several of these experimental agents is reviewed. SUMMARY Given the unique mechanisms of action for drugs in development, and the possibility that the novel agents may be active in the setting of common resistance mechanisms, treatment options for patients are likely to expand greatly in the coming years. Future studies should prioritize combinations of agents with unique mechanisms of action to optimize outcomes for patients, and should rely on precision-medicine approaches to target known molecular alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanuel S. Antonarakis
- Corresponding author: Emmanuel S. Antonarakis, M.D., Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, 1650 Orleans Street, CRB1–1M45, Baltimore, MD 21287; tel 443-287-0553; fax 410-614-8397;
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Wang J, Zou JX, Xue X, Cai D, Zhang Y, Duan Z, Xiang Q, Yang JC, Louie MC, Borowsky AD, Gao AC, Evans CP, Lam KS, Xu J, Kung HJ, Evans RM, Xu Y, Chen HW. ROR-γ drives androgen receptor expression and represents a therapeutic target in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Nat Med 2016; 22:488-96. [PMID: 27019329 PMCID: PMC5030109 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is overexpressed and hyperactivated in human castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, the determinants of AR overexpression in CRPC are poorly defined. Here we show that retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γ (ROR-γ) is overexpressed and amplified in metastatic CRPC tumors, and that ROR-γ drives AR expression in the tumors. ROR-γ recruits nuclear receptor coactivator 1 and 3 (NCOA1 and NCOA3, also known as SRC-1 and SRC-3) to an AR-ROR response element (RORE) to stimulate AR gene transcription. ROR-γ antagonists suppress the expression of both AR and its variant AR-V7 in prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines and tumors. ROR-γ antagonists also markedly diminish genome-wide AR binding, H3K27ac abundance and expression of the AR target gene network. Finally, ROR-γ antagonists suppressed tumor growth in multiple AR-expressing, but not AR-negative, xenograft PCa models, and they effectively sensitized CRPC tumors to enzalutamide, without overt toxicity, in mice. Taken together, these results establish ROR-γ as a key player in CRPC by acting upstream of AR and as a potential therapeutic target for advanced PCa.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Benzamides
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Databases, Factual
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase
- Humans
- Immunoblotting
- Immunohistochemistry
- Male
- Mice
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Nitriles
- Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 1/metabolism
- Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 3/metabolism
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/genetics
- Phenylthiohydantoin/analogs & derivatives
- Phenylthiohydantoin/pharmacology
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Propanols/pharmacology
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, Androgen/genetics
- Receptors, Androgen/metabolism
- Response Elements
- Tumor Stem Cell Assay
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjian Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - June X Zou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Xiaoqian Xue
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Demin Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijian Duan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Qiuping Xiang
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Joy C Yang
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Maggie C Louie
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Dominican University of California, San Rafael, California, USA
| | - Alexander D Borowsky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Allen C Gao
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Christopher P Evans
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Kit S Lam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Jianzhen Xu
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hsing-Jien Kung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Ronald M Evans
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yong Xu
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Wu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
- Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System-Mather, Mather, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Welti J, Rodrigues DN, Sharp A, Sun S, Lorente D, Riisnaes R, Figueiredo I, Zafeiriou Z, Rescigno P, de Bono JS, Plymate SR. Analytical Validation and Clinical Qualification of a New Immunohistochemical Assay for Androgen Receptor Splice Variant-7 Protein Expression in Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol 2016; 70:599-608. [PMID: 27117751 PMCID: PMC5015575 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2016.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background The androgen receptor splice variant-7 (AR-V7) has been implicated in the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and resistance to abiraterone and enzalutamide. Objective To develop a validated assay for detection of AR-V7 protein in tumour tissue and determine its expression and clinical significance as patients progress from hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC) to CRPC. Design, setting, and participants Following monoclonal antibody generation and validation, we retrospectively identified patients who had HSPC and CRPC tissue available for AR-V7 immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis Nuclear AR-V7 expression was determined using IHC H score (HS) data. The change in nuclear AR-V7 expression from HSPC to CRPC and the association between nuclear AR-V7 expression and overall survival (OS) was determined. Results and limitations Nuclear AR-V7 expression was significantly lower in HSPC (median HS 50, interquartile range [IQR] 17.5–90) compared to CRPC (HS 135, IQR 80–157.5; p < 0.0001), and in biopsy tissue taken before (HS 80, IQR 30–136.3) compared to after (HS 140, IQR 105–167.5; p = 0.007) abiraterone or enzalutamide treatment. Lower nuclear AR-V7 expression at CRPC biopsy was associated with longer OS (hazard ratio 1.012, 95% confidence interval 1.004–1.020; p = 0.003). While this monoclonal antibody primarily binds to AR-V7 in PC biopsy tissue, it may also bind to other proteins. Conclusions We provide the first evidence that nuclear AR-V7 expression increases with emerging CRPC and is prognostic for OS, unlike antibody staining for the AR N-terminal domain. These data indicate that AR-V7 is important in CRPC disease biology; agents targeting AR splice variants are needed to test this hypothesis and further improve patient outcome from CRPC. Patient summary In this study we found that levels of the protein AR-V7 were higher in patients with advanced prostate cancer. A higher level of AR-V7 identifies a group of patients who respond less well to certain prostate cancer treatments and live for a shorter period of time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Welti
- Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy Group, Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - Daniel Nava Rodrigues
- Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy Group, Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - Adam Sharp
- Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy Group, Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - Shihua Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine and VAPSHCS-GRECC, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David Lorente
- Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy Group, Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK; Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ruth Riisnaes
- Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy Group, Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - Ines Figueiredo
- Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy Group, Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - Zafeiris Zafeiriou
- Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy Group, Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - Pasquale Rescigno
- Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy Group, Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - Johann S de Bono
- Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy Group, Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK.
| | - Stephen R Plymate
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine and VAPSHCS-GRECC, Seattle, WA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Sugawara T, Lejeune P, Köhr S, Neuhaus R, Faus H, Gelato KA, Busemann M, Cleve A, Lücking U, von Nussbaum F, Brands M, Mumberg D, Jung K, Stephan C, Haendler B. BAY 1024767 blocks androgen receptor mutants found in castration-resistant prostate cancer patients. Oncotarget 2016; 7:6015-28. [PMID: 26760770 PMCID: PMC4868737 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) mutations arise in patients developing resistance to hormone deprivation therapies. Here we describe BAY 1024767, a thiohydantoin derivative with strong antagonistic activity against nine AR variants with mutations located in the AR ligand-binding domain (LBD), and against wild-type AR. Antagonism was maintained, though reduced, at increased androgen levels. Anti-tumor efficacy was evidenced in vivo in the KuCaP-1 prostate cancer model which bears the W741C bicalutamide resistance mutation and in the syngeneic prostate cancer rat model Dunning R3327-G. The prevalence of six selected AR mutations was determined in plasma DNA originating from 100 resistant patients and found to be at least 12%. Altogether the results show BAY 1024767 to be a strong antagonist for several AR mutants linked to therapy resistance, which opens the door for next-generation compounds that can benefit patients based on their mutation profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Silke Köhr
- Global Drug Discovery, Bayer Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Arwed Cleve
- Global Drug Discovery, Bayer Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Klaus Jung
- Berlin Institute of Urologic Research, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Urology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Stephan
- Berlin Institute of Urologic Research, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Urology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
129
|
Chronscinski D, Cherukeri S, Tan F, Perfito N, Lomax J, Iorns E. Registered report: the androgen receptor induces a distinct transcriptional program in castration-resistant prostate cancer in man. PeerJ 2015; 3:e1231. [PMID: 26401447 PMCID: PMC4579027 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Prostate Cancer Foundation-Movember Foundation Reproducibility Initiative (PCFMFRI) seeks to address growing concerns about reproducibility in scientific research by conducting replications of recent papers in the field of prostate cancer. This Registered Report describes the proposed replication plan of key experiments from “The Androgen Receptor Induces a Distinct Transcriptional Program in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer in Man” by Sharma and colleagues (2013), published in Cancer Cell in 2013. Of thousands of targets for the androgen receptor (AR), the authors elucidated a subset of 16 core genes that were consistently downregulated with castration and re-emerged with castration resistance. These 16 AR binding sites were distinct from those observed in cells in culture. The authors suggested that cellular context can have dramatic effects on downstream transcriptional regulation of AR binding sites. The present study will attempt to replicate Fig. 7C by comparing gene expression of the 16 core genes identified by Sharma and colleagues in xenograft tumor tissue compared to androgen treated LNCaP cells in vitro. The Prostate Cancer Foundation-Movember Foundation Reproducibility Initiative is a collaboration between the Prostate Cancer Foundation, the Movember Initiative, and Science Exchange, and the results of the replications will be published by PeerJ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fraser Tan
- Science Exchange and The Prostate Cancer Foundation-Movember Foundation Reproducibility Initiative , Palo Alto, CA , USA
| | - Nicole Perfito
- Science Exchange and The Prostate Cancer Foundation-Movember Foundation Reproducibility Initiative , Palo Alto, CA , USA
| | - Joelle Lomax
- Science Exchange and The Prostate Cancer Foundation-Movember Foundation Reproducibility Initiative , Palo Alto, CA , USA
| | - Elizabeth Iorns
- Science Exchange and The Prostate Cancer Foundation-Movember Foundation Reproducibility Initiative , Palo Alto, CA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Shan X, Danet-Desnoyers G, Fung JJ, Kosaka AH, Tan F, Perfito N, Lomax J, Iorns E. Registered report: androgen receptor splice variants determine taxane sensitivity in prostate cancer. PeerJ 2015; 3:e1232. [PMID: 26401448 PMCID: PMC4579034 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Prostate Cancer Foundation-Movember Foundation Reproducibility Initiative seeks to address growing concerns about reproducibility in scientific research by conducting replications of recent papers in the field of prostate cancer. This Registered Report describes the proposed replication plan of key experiments from “Androgen Receptor Splice Variants Determine Taxane Sensitivity in Prostate Cancer” by Thadani-Mulero and colleagues (2014) published in Cancer Research in 2014. The experiment that will be replicated is reported in Fig. 6A. Thadani-Mulero and colleagues generated xenografts from two prostate cancer cell lines; LuCaP 86.2, which expresses predominantly the ARv567 splice variant of the androgen receptor (AR), and LuCaP 23.1, which expresses the full length AR as well as the ARv7 variant. Treatment of the tumors with the taxane docetaxel showed that the drug inhibited tumor growth of the LuCaP 86.2 cells but not of the LuCaP 23.1 cells, indicating that expression of splice variants of the AR can affect sensitivity to docetaxel. The Prostate Cancer Foundation-Movember Foundation Reproducibility Initiative is a collaboration between the Prostate Cancer Foundation, the Movember Foundation and Science Exchange, and the results of the replications will be published by PeerJ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochuan Shan
- Stem Cell and Xenograft Core, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , Unites States
| | - Gwenn Danet-Desnoyers
- Stem Cell and Xenograft Core, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , Unites States
| | - Juan José Fung
- ProNovus Bioscience LLC , Mountain View, CA , United States
| | - Alan H Kosaka
- ProNovus Bioscience LLC , Mountain View, CA , United States
| | - Fraser Tan
- Science Exchange and The Prostate Cancer Foundation-Movember Foundation Reproducibility Initiative , Palo Alto, CA , United States
| | - Nicole Perfito
- Science Exchange and The Prostate Cancer Foundation-Movember Foundation Reproducibility Initiative , Palo Alto, CA , United States
| | - Joelle Lomax
- Science Exchange and The Prostate Cancer Foundation-Movember Foundation Reproducibility Initiative , Palo Alto, CA , United States
| | - Elizabeth Iorns
- Science Exchange and The Prostate Cancer Foundation-Movember Foundation Reproducibility Initiative , Palo Alto, CA , United States
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Recent advances in allosteric androgen receptor inhibitors for the potential treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Pharm Pat Anal 2015; 4:387-402. [DOI: 10.4155/ppa.15.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most frequent cause of male cancer death in the USA. As such, the androgen receptor (AR) plays a crucial role in PC, making AR the major therapeutic target for PC. Current antiandrogen chemotherapy prevents androgen binding to the ligand-binding pocket (LBP) of AR. However, PC frequently recurs despite treatment and it progresses to castration-resistant prostate cancer. Behind this regression is renewed AR signaling initiated via mutations in the LBP. Hence, there is a critical need to improve the therapeutic options to regulate AR activity in sites other than the LBP. Herein, recently disclosed (2010–2015) allosteric AR inhibitors are summarized and a perspective on the potential pharmaceutical intervention at these sites is provided.
Collapse
|
132
|
Lucarelli G, Rutigliano M, Galleggiante V, Giglio A, Palazzo S, Ferro M, Simone C, Bettocchi C, Battaglia M, Ditonno P. Metabolomic profiling for the identification of novel diagnostic markers in prostate cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2015; 15:1211-24. [PMID: 26174441 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2015.1069711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomic profiling offers a powerful methodology for understanding the perturbations of biochemical systems occurring during a disease process. During neoplastic transformation, prostate cells undergo metabolic reprogramming to satisfy the demands of growth and proliferation. An early event in prostate cell transformation is the loss of capacity to accumulate zinc. This change is associated with a higher energy efficiency and increased lipid biosynthesis for cellular proliferation, membrane formation and cell signaling. Moreover, recent studies have shown that sarcosine, an N-methyl derivative of glycine, was significantly increased during disease progression from normal to localized to metastatic prostate cancer. Mapping the metabolomic profiles to their respective biochemical pathways showed an upregulation of androgen-induced protein synthesis, an increased amino acid metabolism and a perturbation of nitrogen breakdown pathways, along with high total choline-containing compounds and phosphocholine levels. In this review, the role of emerging biomarkers is summarized, based on the current understanding of the prostate cancer metabolome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lucarelli
- a 1 Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation - Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
133
|
Wyatt AW, Gleave ME. Targeting the adaptive molecular landscape of castration-resistant prostate cancer. EMBO Mol Med 2015; 7:878-94. [PMID: 25896606 PMCID: PMC4520654 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201303701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Castration and androgen receptor (AR) pathway inhibitors induce profound and sustained responses in advanced prostate cancer. However, the inevitable recurrence is associated with reactivation of the AR and progression to a more aggressive phenotype termed castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). AR reactivation can occur directly through genomic modification of the AR gene, or indirectly via co-factor and co-chaperone deregulation. This mechanistic heterogeneity is further complicated by the stress-driven induction of a myriad of overlapping cellular survival pathways. In this review, we describe the heterogeneous and evolvable molecular landscape of CRPC and explore recent successes and failures of therapeutic strategies designed to target AR reactivation and adaptive survival pathways. We also discuss exciting areas of burgeoning anti-tumour research, and their potential to improve the survival and management of patients with CRPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W Wyatt
- Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Martin E Gleave
- Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Barboro P, Ferrari N, Capaia M, Petretto A, Salvi S, Boccardo S, Balbi C. Expression of nuclear matrix proteins binding matrix attachment regions in prostate cancer. PARP-1: New player in tumor progression. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:1574-86. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Barboro
- IRCCS AOU San Martino IST-Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Dipartimento Diagnostica della Patologia e delle Cure ad Alta Complessità Tecnologica; Genoa Italy
| | - Nicoletta Ferrari
- IRCCs AOU San Martino IST-Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Dipartimento Terapie Oncologiche Integrate; Genoa Italy
| | - Matteo Capaia
- IRCCS AOU San Martino IST-Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Dipartimento Diagnostica della Patologia e delle Cure ad Alta Complessità Tecnologica; Genoa Italy
| | - Andrea Petretto
- Laboratorio di Spettrometria di Massa, Core Facility, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; Genoa Italy
| | - Sandra Salvi
- IRCCS AOU San Martino IST-Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Dipartimento Diagnostica della Patologia e delle Cure ad Alta Complessità Tecnologica; Genoa Italy
| | - Simona Boccardo
- IRCCS AOU San Martino IST-Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Dipartimento Diagnostica della Patologia e delle Cure ad Alta Complessità Tecnologica; Genoa Italy
| | - Cecilia Balbi
- IRCCS AOU San Martino IST-Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Dipartimento Diagnostica della Patologia e delle Cure ad Alta Complessità Tecnologica; Genoa Italy
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Alternative splicing of the androgen receptor in polycystic ovary syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:4743-8. [PMID: 25825716 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1418216112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common female endocrine disorders and a leading cause of female subfertility. The mechanism underlying the pathophysiology of PCOS remains to be illustrated. Here, we identify two alternative splice variants (ASVs) of the androgen receptor (AR), insertion and deletion isoforms, in granulosa cells (GCs) in ∼62% of patients with PCOS. AR ASVs are strongly associated with remarkable hyperandrogenism and abnormalities in folliculogenesis, and are absent from all control subjects without PCOS. Alternative splicing dramatically alters genome-wide AR recruitment and androgen-induced expression of genes related to androgen metabolism and folliculogenesis in human GCs. These findings establish alternative splicing of AR in GCs as the major pathogenic mechanism for hyperandrogenism and abnormal folliculogenesis in PCOS.
Collapse
|
136
|
Hsieh CL, Botta G, Gao S, Li T, Van Allen EM, Treacy DJ, Cai C, He HH, Sweeney CJ, Brown M, Balk SP, Nelson PS, Garraway LA, Kantoff PW. PLZF, a tumor suppressor genetically lost in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, is a mediator of resistance to androgen deprivation therapy. Cancer Res 2015; 75:1944-8. [PMID: 25808865 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Whole-exome sequencing of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) reveals that 5% to 7% of tumors harbor promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF) protein homozygous deletions. PLZF is a canonical androgen-regulated putative tumor suppressor gene whose expression is inhibited by androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Here, we demonstrate that knockdown of PLZF expression promotes a CRPC and enzalutamide-resistant phenotype in prostate cancer cells. Reintroduction of PLZF expression is sufficient to reverse androgen-independent growth mediated by PLZF depletion. PLZF loss enhances CRPC tumor growth in a xenograft model. Bioinformatic analysis of the PLZF cistrome shows that PLZF negatively regulates multiple pathways, including the MAPK pathway. Accordingly, our data support an oncogenic program activated by ADT. This acquired mechanism together with the finding of genetic loss in CRPC implicates PLZF inactivation as a mechanism promoting ADT resistance and the CRPC phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ginevra Botta
- Department of Medical Oncology, and Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Shuai Gao
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Eliezer M Van Allen
- Department of Medical Oncology, and Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Changmeng Cai
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Housheng Hansen He
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Myles Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, and Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven P Balk
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter S Nelson
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Levi A Garraway
- Department of Medical Oncology, and Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
| | | |
Collapse
|
137
|
Escamilla J, Schokrpur S, Liu C, Priceman SJ, Moughon D, Jiang Z, Pouliot F, Magyar C, Sung JL, Xu J, Deng G, West BL, Bollag G, Fradet Y, Lacombe L, Jung ME, Huang J, Wu L. CSF1 receptor targeting in prostate cancer reverses macrophage-mediated resistance to androgen blockade therapy. Cancer Res 2015; 75:950-62. [PMID: 25736687 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-0992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) promote cancer progression and therapeutic resistance by enhancing angiogenesis, matrix-remodeling, and immunosuppression. In this study, prostate cancer under androgen blockade therapy (ABT) was investigated, demonstrating that TAMs contribute to prostate cancer disease recurrence through paracrine signaling processes. ABT induced the tumor cells to express macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 (M-CSF1 or CSF1) and other cytokines that recruit and modulate macrophages, causing a significant increase in TAM infiltration. Inhibitors of CSF1 signaling through its receptor, CSF1R, were tested in combination with ABT, demonstrating that blockade of TAM influx in this setting disrupts tumor promotion and sustains a more durable therapeutic response compared with ABT alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jemima Escamilla
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shiruyeh Schokrpur
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Connie Liu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Saul J Priceman
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapeutics and Tumor Immunology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Diana Moughon
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ziyue Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Frederic Pouliot
- Department of Surgery, Urology Division, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Clara Magyar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - James L Sung
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jingying Xu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gang Deng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | | | | | - Yves Fradet
- Department of Surgery, Urology Division, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Louis Lacombe
- Department of Surgery, Urology Division, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Michael E Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jiaoti Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lily Wu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Endostatin: A novel inhibitor of androgen receptor function in prostate cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:1392-7. [PMID: 25605930 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1417660112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired resistance to androgen receptor (AR)-targeted therapies compels the development of novel treatment strategies for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Here, we report a profound effect of endostatin on prostate cancer cells by efficient intracellular trafficking, direct interaction with AR, reduction of nuclear AR level, and down-regulation of AR-target gene transcription. Structural modeling followed by functional analyses further revealed that phenylalanine-rich α1-helix in endostatin-which shares structural similarity with noncanonical nuclear receptor box in AR-antagonizes AR transcriptional activity by occupying the activation function (AF)-2 binding interface for coactivators and N-terminal AR AF-1. Together, our data suggest that endostatin can be recognized as an endogenous AR inhibitor that impairs receptor function through protein-protein interaction. These findings provide new insights into endostatin whose antitumor effect is not limited to inhibiting angiogenesis, but can be translated to suppressing AR-mediated disease progression in CRPC.
Collapse
|
139
|
Elancheran R, Maruthanila VL, Ramanathan M, Kabilan S, Devi R, Kunnumakara A, Kotoky J. Recent discoveries and developments of androgen receptor based therapy for prostate cancer. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00416g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The main focus of this review is to discuss the discoveries and developments of various therapies for prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R. Elancheran
- Drug Discovery Laboratory
- Life Sciences Division
- Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology
- Guwahati-781035
- India
| | - V. L. Maruthanila
- Department of Bioscience
- E. G. S. Pillai Arts and Science College
- India
| | - M. Ramanathan
- Department of Pharmacology
- PSG College of Pharmacy
- Coimbatore-641 004
- India
| | - S. Kabilan
- Department of Chemistry
- Annamalai University
- India
| | - R. Devi
- Drug Discovery Laboratory
- Life Sciences Division
- Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology
- Guwahati-781035
- India
| | - A. Kunnumakara
- Department of Biotechnology
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Guwahti
- India
| | - Jibon Kotoky
- Drug Discovery Laboratory
- Life Sciences Division
- Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology
- Guwahati-781035
- India
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Abstract
One of the key mechanisms by which prostate cancer cells evade hormone therapy is through intratumor testosterone production. New evidence points toward androstenedione as a potential precursor of intratumor androgen production and furthers nomination of AKR1C3 as a therapeutic target in advanced disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Knudsen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Department of Urology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Department of Radiation Oncology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Androgen receptor splice variants in the era of enzalutamide and abiraterone. Discov Oncol 2014; 5:265-73. [PMID: 25048254 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-014-0190-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The FDA approvals of enzalutamide and abiraterone have rapidly changed the clinical landscape of prostate cancer treatment. Both drugs were designed to further suppress androgen receptor (AR) signaling, which is restored following first-line androgen deprivation therapies. Resistance to enzalutamide and abiraterone, however, is again marked by a return of AR signaling, indicating a remarkable "addiction" of prostate cancer cells to the AR pathway. Several mechanisms of castration resistance have been uncovered in the past decades, featuring a wide spectrum of molecular alterations that may explain sustained AR signaling in castration-resistant prostate cancers (CRPC). Among these, the androgen receptor splice variants (AR-Vs), particularly variant 7 (AR-V7), have been implicated in resistance to enzalutamide and abiraterone in preclinical studies, and they cannot be targeted by currently available AR-directed drugs. Drug development for AR-V-associated CRPC may therefore be necessary to augment the preexisting treatment repertoire. In this mini-review, we will discuss general mechanisms of resistance to AR-directed therapies, with a focus on the role of androgen receptor splice variants in the new era of treating advanced prostate cancer with enzalutamide and abiraterone.
Collapse
|