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Gupta P, Sharma Y, Viswanathan P, Gupta S. Cellular cytokine receptor signaling and ATM pathway intersections affect hepatic DNA repair. Cytokine 2019; 127:154946. [PMID: 31837586 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Pathways involving ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene and its downstream partners and effectors are critical for the DNA damage response. Cell survival, proliferation and tissue homeostasis are dependent upon preservation of DNA integrity but additional intracellular mechanisms contribute in these processes. As receptor-mediated signaling with beneficial intersections in ATM pathways could have therapeutic significance, we interrogated such intersections with assays using HuH-7 cells (hepatocytes). These cells were subjected to acetaminophen toxicity, which is a leading cause of hepatic injury and acute liver failure in people. The ATM pathway was examined in HuH-7-ATM-Prom-tdT cells containing fluorescent td-Tomato transgene reporter for ATM promoter activity. Titrated doses of specific growth factors were used as ligands for receptor-mediated signaling. The contribution of JAK/STAT3 signaling was defined by the loss-of-function approach with the JAK antagonist, ruxolitinib. In these assays, impairment in ATM-related DNA damage response following acetaminophen toxicity was ameliorated by selected growth factors, including fibroblast growth factors, granulocyte colony stimulating factor and vascular endothelial growth factor. The JAK/STAT3 signaling was exclusive to granulocyte colony stimulating factor but concerned additional pathways in cases of other growth factors. Antagonism of JAK/STAT3 by ruxolitinib abrogated benefits in ATM pathway-mediated DNA repair; and identification of the ruxolitinib-sensitive component of cytoprotection allowed separations of these pathway intersections. Therefore, this subtractive approach for ATM and other regulators in pathways will be informative for DNA damage response. These mechanisms will benefit therapeutic development for ATM-related tissue and organ injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx 10461, NY, USA
| | - Yogeshwar Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx 10461, NY, USA
| | - Preeti Viswanathan
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx 10461, NY, USA
| | - Sanjeev Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx 10461, NY, USA; Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx 10461, NY, USA; Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx 10461, NY, USA; Diabetes Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx 10461, NY, USA; Irwin S. and Sylvia Chanin Institute for Cancer Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx 10461, NY, USA; Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx 10461, NY, USA.
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102
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Dowling RJO, Sparano JA, Goodwin PJ, Bidard FC, Cescon DW, Chandarlapaty S, Deasy JO, Dowsett M, Gray RJ, Henry NL, Meric-Bernstam F, Perlmutter J, Sledge GW, Thorat MA, Bratman SV, Carey LA, Chang MC, DeMichele A, Ennis M, Jerzak KJ, Korde LA, Lohmann AE, Mamounas EP, Parulekar WR, Regan MM, Schramek D, Stambolic V, Whelan TJ, Wolff AC, Woodgett JR, Kalinsky K, Hayes DF. Toronto Workshop on Late Recurrence in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer: Part 2: Approaches to Predict and Identify Late Recurrence, Research Directions. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2019; 3:pkz049. [PMID: 32337478 PMCID: PMC7050024 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkz049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Late disease recurrence (more than 5 years after initial diagnosis) represents a clinical challenge in the treatment and management of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer (BC). An international workshop was convened in Toronto, Canada, in February 2018 to review the current understanding of late recurrence and to identify critical issues that require future study. The underlying biological causes of late recurrence are complex, with the processes governing cancer cell dormancy, including immunosurveillance, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and cellular stemness, being integral to disease progression. These critical processes are described herein as well as their role in influencing risk of recurrence. Moreover, observational and interventional clinical trials are proposed, with a focus on methods to identify patients at risk of recurrence and possible strategies to combat this in patients with estrogen receptor-positive BC. Because the problem of late BC recurrence of great importance, recent advances in disease detection and patient monitoring should be incorporated into novel clinical trials to evaluate approaches to enhance patient management. Indeed, future research on these issues is planned and will offer new options for effective late recurrence treatment and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J O Dowling
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joseph A Sparano
- Departments of Medicine and Medical Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Pamela J Goodwin
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - David W Cescon
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sarat Chandarlapaty
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Breast Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Joseph O Deasy
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Mitch Dowsett
- Ralph Lauren Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Robert J Gray
- Department of Biostatistics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - N Lynn Henry
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - George W Sledge
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Mangesh A Thorat
- Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Scott V Bratman
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lisa A Carey
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Martin C Chang
- University of Vermont Medical Center, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT
| | - Angela DeMichele
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Katarzyna J Jerzak
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Larissa A Korde
- Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ana Elisa Lohmann
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Wendy R Parulekar
- Canadian Cancer Trials Group, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Meredith M Regan
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Daniel Schramek
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vuk Stambolic
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Timothy J Whelan
- McMaster University and Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Antonio C Wolff
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jim R Woodgett
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin Kalinsky
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Daniel F Hayes
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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103
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Li S, Xu L, Hao C, Sun M, Wu X, Kuang H, Xu C. Porous Cu
x
Co
y
S Supraparticles for In Vivo Telomerase Imaging and Reactive Oxygen Species Generation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Si Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 P. R. China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 P. R. China
| | - Liguang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 P. R. China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 P. R. China
| | - Changlong Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 P. R. China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 P. R. China
| | - Maozhong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 P. R. China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 P. R. China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 P. R. China
| | - Hua Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 P. R. China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 P. R. China
| | - Chuanlai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 P. R. China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 P. R. China
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104
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Polak KL, Chernosky NM, Smigiel JM, Tamagno I, Jackson MW. Balancing STAT Activity as a Therapeutic Strategy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111716. [PMID: 31684144 PMCID: PMC6895889 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Driven by dysregulated IL-6 family member cytokine signaling in the tumor microenvironment (TME), aberrant signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) and (STAT5) activation have been identified as key contributors to tumorigenesis. Following transformation, persistent STAT3 activation drives the emergence of mesenchymal/cancer-stem cell (CSC) properties, important determinants of metastatic potential and therapy failure. Moreover, STAT3 signaling within tumor-associated macrophages and neutrophils drives secretion of factors that facilitate metastasis and suppress immune cell function. Persistent STAT5 activation is responsible for cancer cell maintenance through suppression of apoptosis and tumor suppressor signaling. Furthermore, STAT5-mediated CD4+/CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been implicated in suppression of immunosurveillance. We discuss these roles for STAT3 and STAT5, and weigh the attractiveness of different modes of targeting each cancer therapy. Moreover, we discuss how anti-tumorigenic STATs, including STAT1 and STAT2, may be leveraged to suppress the pro-tumorigenic functions of STAT3/STAT5 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey L Polak
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Noah M Chernosky
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Jacob M Smigiel
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Ilaria Tamagno
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Mark W Jackson
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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105
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Liu Y, Wang JX, Nie ZY, Wen Y, Jia XJ, Zhang LN, Duan HJ, Shi YH. Upregulation of ERp57 promotes clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression by initiating a STAT3/ILF3 feedback loop. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:439. [PMID: 31747963 PMCID: PMC6864981 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1453-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background ERp57 dysfunction has been shown to contribute to tumorigenesis in multiple malignances. However, the role of ERp57 in clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC) remains unclear. Methods Cell proliferation ability was measured by MTT and colony forming assays. Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) were performed to measure protein and mRNA expression. Co-immunoprecipitation (CoIP) and proximity ligation assay (PLA) were performed to detect protein-protein interaction. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), ribonucleoprotein immunoprecipitation (RIP), and oligo pull-down were used to confirm DNA–protein and RNA–protein interactions. Promoter luciferase analysis was used to detect transcription factor activity. Results Here we found ERp57 was overexpressed in ccRCC tissues, and the higher levels of ERp57 were correlated with poor survival in patients with ccRCC. In vivo and in vitro experiments showed that ccRCC cell proliferation was enhanced by ERp57 overexpression and inhibited by ERp57 deletion. Importantly, we found ERp57 positively regulated ILF3 expression in ccRCC cells. Mechanically, ERp57 was shown to bind to STAT3 protein and enhance the STAT3-mediated transcriptional activity of ILF3. Furthermore, ILF3 levels were increased in ccRCC tissues and associated with poor prognosis. Interestingly, we revealed that ILF3 could bind to ERp57 and positively regulate its expression by enhancing its mRNA stability. Furthermore, ccRCC cell proliferation was moderated via the ERp57/STAT3/ILF3 feedback loop. Conclusions In summary, our results indicate that the ERp57/STAT3/ILF3 feedback loop plays a key role in the oncogenesis of ccRCC and provides a potential therapeutic target for ccRCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The 4th Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 169 Tianshan Street , 050000, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Xing Wang
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China.,Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping West Road Shijiazhuang, 050000, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Yuan Nie
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping West Road Shijiazhuang, 050000, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wen
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Ju Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 89 Donggang Road Shijiazhuang, 050000, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Na Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Jun Duan
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong-Hong Shi
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China.
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106
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Hu YS, Han X, Liu XH. STAT3: A Potential Drug Target for Tumor and Inflammation. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:1305-1317. [PMID: 31218960 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190620145052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
STAT (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) is a cellular signal transcription factor involved in the regulation of many cellular activities, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, angiogenesis in normal cells. During the study of the STAT family, STAT3 was found to be involved in many diseases, such as high expression and sustained activation of STAT3 in tumor cells, promoting tumor growth and proliferation. In the study of inflammation, it was found that it plays an important role in the anti-inflammatory and repairing of damage tissues. Because of the important role of STAT3, a large number of studies have been obtained. At the same time, after more than 20 years of development, STAT3 has also been used as a target for drug therapy. And the discovery of small molecule inhibitors also promoted the study of STAT3. Since STAT3 has been extensively studied in inflammation and tumor regulation, this review presents the current state of research on STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sheng Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xu Han
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xin Hua Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
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107
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Mulholland EJ, Green WP, Buckley NE, McCarthy HO. Exploring the Potential of MicroRNA Let-7c as a Therapeutic for Prostate Cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 18:927-937. [PMID: 31760377 PMCID: PMC6883330 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide and often presents with aberrant microRNA (miRNA) expression. Identifying and understanding the unique expression profiles could aid in the detection and treatment of this disease. This review aims to identify miRNAs as potential therapeutic targets for PCa. Three bio-informatic searches were conducted to identify miRNAs that are reportedly implicated in the pathogenesis of PCa. Only hsa-Lethal-7 (let-7c), recognized for its role in PCa pathogenesis, was common to all three databases. Three further database searches were conducted to identify known targets of hsa-let-7c. Four targets were identified, HMGA2, c-Myc (MYC), TRAIL, and CASP3. An extensive review of the literature was undertaken to assess the role of hsa-let-7c in the progression of other malignancies and to evaluate its potential as a therapeutic target for PCa. The heterogeneous nature of cancer makes it logical to develop mechanisms by which the treatment of malignancies is tailored to an individual, harnessing specific knowledge of the underlying biology of the disease. Resetting cellular miRNA levels is an exciting prospect that will allow this ambition to be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoghan J Mulholland
- Gastrointestinal Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - William P Green
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland
| | - Niamh E Buckley
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland
| | - Helen O McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland.
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108
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Two Opposing Faces of Retinoic Acid: Induction of Stemness or Induction of Differentiation Depending on Cell-Type. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9100567. [PMID: 31590252 PMCID: PMC6843238 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have the capacity of self-renewal and, through proliferation and differentiation, are responsible for the embryonic development, postnatal development, and the regeneration of tissues in the adult organism. Cancer stem cells, analogous to the physiological stem cells, have the capacity of self-renewal and may account for growth and recurrence of tumors. Development and regeneration of healthy tissues and tumors depend on the balance of different genomic and nongenomic signaling pathways that regulate stem cell quiescence, proliferation, and differentiation. During evolution, this balance became dependent on all-trans retinoic acid (RA), a molecule derived from the environmental factor vitamin A. Here we summarize some recent findings on the prominent role of RA on the proliferation of stem and progenitor cells, in addition to its well-known function as an inductor of cell differentiation. A better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of stemness and cell differentiation by RA may improve the therapeutic options of this molecule in regenerative medicine and cancer.
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109
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Tan L, Chen S, Wei G, Li Y, Liao J, Jin H, Zou Y, Huang M, Peng Z, Guo Y, Peng S, Xu L, Kuang M. Sublethal heat treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma promotes intrahepatic metastasis and stemness in a VEGFR1-dependent manner. Cancer Lett 2019; 460:29-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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110
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C188-9, a small-molecule STAT3 inhibitor, exerts an antitumor effect on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Anticancer Drugs 2019; 30:846-853. [DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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111
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Mehta GA, Khanna P, Gatza ML. Emerging Role of SOX Proteins in Breast Cancer Development and Maintenance. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2019; 24:213-230. [PMID: 31069617 PMCID: PMC6790170 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-019-09430-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The SOX genes encode a family of more than 20 transcription factors that are critical regulators of embryogenesis and developmental processes and, when aberrantly expressed, have been shown to contribute to tumor development and progression in both an oncogenic and tumor suppressive role. Increasing evidence demonstrates that the SOX proteins play essential roles in multiple cellular processes that mediate or contribute to oncogenic transformation and tumor progression. In the context of breast cancer, SOX proteins function both as oncogenes and tumor suppressors and have been shown to be associated with tumor stage and grade and poor prognosis. Experimental evidence demonstrates that a subset of SOX proteins regulate critical aspects of breast cancer biology including cancer stemness and multiple signaling pathways leading to altered cell proliferation, survival, and tumor development; EMT, cell migration and metastasis; as well as other tumor associated characteristics. This review will summarize the role of SOX family members as important mediators of tumorigenesis in breast cancer, with an emphasis on the triple negative or basal-like subtype of breast cancer, as well as examine the therapeutic potential of these genes and their downstream targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav A Mehta
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, CINJ 4558, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Pooja Khanna
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, CINJ 4558, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Michael L Gatza
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, CINJ 4558, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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112
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CSCs in Breast Cancer-One Size Does Not Fit All: Therapeutic Advances in Targeting Heterogeneous Epithelial and Mesenchymal CSCs. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081128. [PMID: 31394796 PMCID: PMC6721464 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike other breast cancer subtypes, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has no specific targets and is characterized as one of the most aggressive subtypes of breast cancer that disproportionately accounts for the majority of breast cancer-related deaths. Current conventional chemotherapeutics target the bulk tumor population, but not the cancer stem cells (CSCs) that are capable of initiating new tumors to cause disease relapse. Recent studies have identified distinct epithelial-like (E) ALDH+ CSCs, mesenchymal-like (M) CD44+/CD24- CSCs, and hybrid E/M ALDH+/CD44+/CD24- CSCs. These subtypes of CSCs exhibit differential signal pathway regulations, possess plasticity, and respond differently to treatment. As such, co-inhibition of different subtypes of CSCs is key to viable therapy. This review serves to highlight different pathway regulations in E and M CSCs in TNBC, and to further describe their role in disease progression. Potential inhibitors targeting E and/or M CSCs based on clinical trials are summarized for further investigation. Since future research needs to adopt suitable tumor models and take into account the divergence of E and M CSCs for the development of effective treatments, TNBC models for clinically translatable studies are further discussed.
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113
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Hsu JHM, Chang PMH, Cheng TS, Kuo YL, Wu ATH, Tran TH, Yang YH, Chen JM, Tsai YC, Chu YS, Huang TH, Huang CYF, Lai JM. Identification of Withaferin A as a Potential Candidate for Anti-Cancer Therapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11071003. [PMID: 31319622 PMCID: PMC6678286 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11071003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Low response rate and recurrence are common issues in lung cancer; thus, identifying a potential compound for these patients is essential. Utilizing an in silico screening method, we identified withaferin A (WA), a cell-permeable steroidal lactone initially extracted from Withania somnifera, as a potential anti-lung cancer and anti-lung cancer stem-like cell (CSC) agent. First, we demonstrated that WA exhibited potent cytotoxicity in several lung cancer cells, as evidenced by low IC50 values. WA concurrently induced autophagy and apoptosis and the activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which plays an upstream role in mediating WA-elicited effects. The increase in p62 indicated that WA may modulate the autophagy flux followed by apoptosis. In vivo research also demonstrated the anti-tumor effect of WA treatment. We subsequently demonstrated that WA could inhibit the growth of lung CSCs, decrease side population cells, and inhibit lung cancer spheroid-forming capacity, at least through downregulation of mTOR/STAT3 signaling. Furthermore, the combination of WA and chemotherapeutic drugs, including cisplatin and pemetrexed, exerted synergistic effects on the inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) wild-type lung cancer cell viability. In addition, WA can further enhance the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin in lung CSCs. Therefore, WA alone or in combination with standard chemotherapy is a potential treatment option for EGFR wild-type lung cancer and may decrease the occurrence of cisplatin resistance by inhibiting lung CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade H-M Hsu
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Peter M-H Chang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Shan Cheng
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lun Kuo
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Alexander T-H Wu
- The PhD Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Thu-Ha Tran
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hsuan Yang
- The Ph.D. Program in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ming Chen
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yeh-Shiu Chu
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Hung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Ying F Huang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Jin-Mei Lai
- The Ph.D. Program in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan.
- Department of Life Science, College of Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan.
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Guo C, Xu LF, Li HM, Wang W, Guo JH, Jia MQ, Jia R, Jia J. Transcriptomic study of the mechanism of anoikis resistance in head and neck squamous carcinoma. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6978. [PMID: 31198634 PMCID: PMC6535219 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Normal epithelial cells rapidly undergo apoptosis as soon as they lose contact with the extracellular matrix (ECM), which is termed as anoikis. However, cancer cells tend to develop a resistance mechanism to anoikis. This acquired ability is termed as anoikis resistance. Cancer cells, with anoikis resistance, can spread to distant tissues or organs via the peripheral circulatory system and cause cancer metastasis. Thus, inhibition of anoikis resistance blocks the metastatic ability of cancer cells. Methods Anoikis-resistant CAL27 (CAL27AR) cells were induced from CAL27 cells using the suspension culture approach. Transcriptome analysis was performed using RNA-Seq to study the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the CAL27ARcells and the parental CAL27 cells. Gene function annotation and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis were performed using DAVID database. Signaling pathways involved in DEGs were analyzed using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) software. Analysis results were confirmed by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), western blotting, and gene correlation analysis based on the TCGA database. Results GO enrichment analysis indicated that the biological process (BP) of the DEGs was associated with epidermal development, DNA replication, and G1/S transition of the mitotic cell cycle. The analysis of cellular component (CC) showed that the most significant up-regulated genes were related to extracellular exosome. KEGG Pathway analysis revealed that 23 signaling pathways were activated (p-value ≤ 0.05, FDR q-value ≤ 0.05) and 22 signaling pathways were suppressed (p-value ≤ 0.05, FDR q-value ≤ 0.05). The results from the GSEA indicated that in contrast to the inhibition of EGFR signaling pathway, the VEGF signaling pathway was activated. The VEGF signaling pathway possibly activates STAT3 though induction of STAT3 phosphorylation. Gene correlation analysis revealed that the VEGFA- STAT3-KLF4-CDKN1A signal axis was not only present in head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC) but also two other epithelial-derived carcinomas that highly express VEGFA, including kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) and ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma (OV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Guo
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ling-Feng Xu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hui-Min Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ji-Hua Guo
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Meng-Qi Jia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Wuhan University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rong Jia
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Jia
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Wuhan University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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115
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Qin JJ, Yan L, Zhang J, Zhang WD. STAT3 as a potential therapeutic target in triple negative breast cancer: a systematic review. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:195. [PMID: 31088482 PMCID: PMC6518732 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1206-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), which is typically lack of expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), represents the most aggressive and mortal subtype of breast cancer. Currently, only a few treatment options are available for TNBC due to the absence of molecular targets, which underscores the need for developing novel therapeutic and preventive approaches for this disease. Recent evidence from clinical trials and preclinical studies has demonstrated a pivotal role of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in the initiation, progression, metastasis, and immune evasion of TNBC. STAT3 is overexpressed and constitutively activated in TNBC cells and contributes to cell survival, proliferation, cell cycle progression, anti-apoptosis, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, chemoresistance, immunosuppression, and stem cells self-renewal and differentiation by regulating the expression of its downstream target genes. STAT3 small molecule inhibitors have been developed and shown excellent anticancer activities in in vitro and in vivo models of TNBC. This review discusses the recent advances in the understanding of STAT3, with a focus on STAT3’s oncogenic role in TNBC. The current targeting strategies and representative small molecule inhibitors of STAT3 are highlighted. We also propose potential strategies that can be further examined for developing more specific and effective inhibitors for TNBC prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Jiang Qin
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Li Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Shanxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030012, China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China. .,Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) play important roles in cell growth, motility, differentiation, and survival. These single-pass membrane proteins are grouped into subfamilies based on the similarity of their extracellular domains. They are generally thought to be activated by ligand binding, which promotes homodimerization and then autophosphorylation in trans. However, RTK interactions are more complicated, as RTKs can interact in the absence of ligand and heterodimerize within and across subfamilies. Here, we review the known cross-subfamily RTK heterointeractions and their possible biological implications, as well as the methodologies which have been used to study them. Moreover, we demonstrate how thermodynamic models can be used to study RTKs and to explain many of the complicated biological effects which have been described in the literature. Finally, we discuss the concept of the RTK interactome: a putative, extensive network of interactions between the RTKs. This RTK interactome can produce unique signaling outputs; can amplify, inhibit, and modify signaling; and can allow for signaling backups. The existence of the RTK interactome could provide an explanation for the irreproducibility of experimental data from different studies and for the failure of some RTK inhibitors to produce the desired therapeutic effects. We argue that a deeper knowledge of RTK interactome thermodynamics can lead to a better understanding of fundamental RTK signaling processes in health and disease. We further argue that there is a need for quantitative, thermodynamic studies that probe the strengths of the interactions between RTKs and their ligands and between different RTKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Paul
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and Program in Molecular Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD 21218
| | - Kalina Hristova
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and Program in Molecular Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD 21218
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Robinson NJ, Taylor DJ, Schiemann WP. Stem cells, immortality, and the evolution of metastatic properties in breast cancer: telomere maintenance mechanisms and metastatic evolution. JOURNAL OF CANCER METASTASIS AND TREATMENT 2019; 5:39. [PMID: 31440584 PMCID: PMC6706062 DOI: 10.20517/2394-4722.2019.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most significant cause of cancer-related death in women around the world. The vast majority of breast cancer-associated mortality stems from metastasis, which remains an incurable disease state. Metastasis results from evolution of clones that possess the insidious properties required for dissemination and colonization of distant organs. These clonal populations are descended from breast cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are also responsible for their prolonged maintenance and continued evolution. Telomeres impose a lifespan on cells that can be extended when they are actively elongated, as occurs in CSCs. Thus, changes in telomere structure serve to promote the survival of CSCs and subsequent metastatic evolution. The selection of telomere maintenance mechanism (TMM) has important consequences not only for CSC survival and evolution, but also for their coordination of various signaling pathways that choreograph the metastatic cascade. Targeting the telomere maintenance machinery may therefore provide a boon to the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Here we review the two major TMMs and the roles they play in the development of stem and metastatic breast cancer cells. We also highlight current and future approaches to targeting these mechanisms in clinical settings to alleviate metastatic breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel J. Robinson
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University
School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Derek J. Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University
School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - William P. Schiemann
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve
University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
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118
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Gao Z, Shi M, Wang Y, Chen J, Ou Y. Apatinib enhanced anti-tumor activity of cisplatin on triple-negative breast cancer through inhibition of VEGFR-2. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152422. [PMID: 31079851 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) was known as a fast-growing and an aggressive tumor. Cisplatin is the effective cytotoxic drug used for the treatment of TNBC. In addition, apatinib, a VEGFR2 inhibitor, exhibits antitumor activity in patients with TNBC. However, the effects of combination of apatinib with cisplatin on TNBC remain unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of apatinib in combination with cisplatin on MDA-MB-231 cells. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of VEGFR2. In addition, CCK-8, flow cytometric, transwell assays were used to measure the cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion, respectively. Moreover, western blotting was used to detect the expressions of Bax, active caspase 3, p-VEGFR2, p-Akt and p-mTOR. RESULTS VEGFR2 was significantly upreguated in patients with TNBC. In addition, the inhibitory effects of cisplatin on the proliferation, migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells were enhanced by apatinib. Moreover, apatinib increased cisplatin-induced apoptosis on MDA-MB-231 cells via increasing the level of Bax and active caspase 3 and decreasing the expression of Bcl-2. Importantly, apatinib enhanced anti-tumor effect of cisplatin on MDA-MB-231 cells via inhibiting the levels of p-VEGFR2, p-Akt and p-mTOR. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that apatinib enhanced the anti-tumor effects of cisplatin on MDA-MB-231 cells via inhibition of VEGFR2. Thus, the combination of apatinib with cisplatin may serve as a potential approach in the treatment of patients with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyuan Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233004, PR China.
| | - Mohan Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233004, PR China.
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233004, PR China.
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233004, PR China.
| | - Yimei Ou
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233004, PR China.
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Perspectives on the role of brain cellular players in cancer-associated brain metastasis: translational approach to understand molecular mechanism of tumor progression. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2019; 37:791-804. [PMID: 30284650 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-018-9766-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Brain metastasis is one of the leading causes of death among cancer patients. Cancer cells migrate to various sites and harbor different niche in the body which help cancer cells in their survival. The brain is one of the safest place where cancer cells are protected from immune cells. Breast, lung, and melanoma cancer cells have high propensity to migrate towards the brain. To enter the brain, cancer cells have to cross the blood brain barrier. Survival and finding new niche in the brain are directed by several mechanisms in which different cellular players take part such as astrocytes, microglia, Schwann cells, satellite cells, oligodendrocytes, and ependymal cells. Usually, cancer cells highjack the machinery of brain cellular players to survive in the brain environment. It has been shown that co-culture of M2 macrophage with cancer cells leads to increased proliferation and survival of cancer cells. One of the challenges of understanding brain metastasis is appropriate model system to understand dynamic interaction of cancer cells and brain cellular players. To meet this challenge, microfluidic-based devices are employed which can mimic the dynamic conditions as well as can be used for culturing human cells for personalized therapy. In this review, we have systematically reviewed the current status of the role of cellular players in brain metastasis along with explaining how translational approach of microfluidics can be employed for finding new drug target as well as biomarker for brain metastasis. Finally, we have also commented on the mechanism of action of drugs against brain metastasis.
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120
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Son YW, Cheon MG, Kim Y, Jang HH. Prx2 links ROS homeostasis to stemness of cancer stem cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 134:260-267. [PMID: 30611866 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) with low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are resistant to conventional chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2) is a redox regulatory protein that plays a key role in maintaining ROS homeostasis in the tumor microenvironment. However, despite the role of Prx2 in ROS-mediated signal transduction, the association of Prx2 with stemness via ROS in CSC has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we investigated the link between Prx2 and CSC stemness through regulation of ROS levels in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. ROS induced CSC stemness reduction and downregulated stem cell markers in Huh7 and SK-HEP1 cells. Prx2 knockdown decreased CSC sphere formation and expression of stem cell makers with increasing intracellular ROS levels. This effect was reversed by the ROS scavengers NAC and GSH in Prx2 knockdown cells. Conversely, we found that Prx2 overexpression promotes CSC stemness and the peroxidase activity of Prx2 is essential for CSC stemness using peroxidase inactive mutant, Prx2C51/172S. More importantly, the hyperoxidation-resistant mutant (Prx2ΔYF), which has a constant ROS scavenging activity even at high concentrations of ROS, increased the CSC stemness and expression of stem cell markers more than Prx2WT under oxidative stress. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that Prx2 links ROS homeostasis to CSC stemness; Prx2 is a mediator between ROS homeostasis and CSC stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Won Son
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Min Gyeong Cheon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Yosup Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Ho Hee Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea.
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121
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Dual functions of STAT3 in LPS-induced angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:566-574. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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122
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Wu M, Sheng L, Cheng M, Zhang H, Jiang Y, Lin S, Liang Y, Zhu F, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Gao Q, Chen D, Li J, Li Y. Low doses of decitabine improve the chemotherapy efficacy against basal-like bladder cancer by targeting cancer stem cells. Oncogene 2019; 38:5425-5439. [PMID: 30918330 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0799-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Low dose treatment with the DNA methylation inhibitor decitabine has been shown to be applicable for the management of certain types of cancer. However, its antitumor effect and mechanisms are context dependent and its activity has never been systematically studied in bladder cancer treatment. We used mouse models, cultured cell lines and patient-derived xenografts to demonstrate that low dose decitabine treatment remarkably enhanced the effects of cisplatin and gemcitabine on basal-like bladder cancer both in vivo and in vitro. Genetic lineage tracing revealed that the stemness of a bladder cancer stem cell population was inhibited by decitabine treatment in mice. These effects were accompanied by decreases in genome-wide DNA methylation, gene re-expression, and changes in key cellular regulatory pathways such as STAT3 signaling. These results indicate that this DNA-demethylating reagent is a promising therapeutic approach for basal-like bladder cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqing Wu
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Lu Sheng
- Department of Urology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- Department of Urology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yizhou Jiang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Shuibin Lin
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yu Liang
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Fengyu Zhu
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Zhenqing Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry and Broad Stem Cell Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yingyin Zhang
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Xiuhong Zhang
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Demeng Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Jiong Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry and Broad Stem Cell Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. .,Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E Leigh Street, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China.
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123
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Lian L, Li XL, Xu MD, Li XM, Wu MY, Zhang Y, Tao M, Li W, Shen XM, Zhou C, Jiang M. VEGFR2 promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis in a pro-angiogenic-independent way in gastric cancer. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:183. [PMID: 30819137 PMCID: PMC6393973 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5322-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background VEGF/VEGFR2 pathway is the central therapeutic target in anti-angiogenic treatment in multiple cancers. However, little work has been carried out concerning the pro-malignancy functions of VEGFR2 that are independent of its pro-angiogenesis effects in gastric cancer. Here, we demonstrated that VEGFR2 up-regulation in gastric cancer tissues was a prognostic marker for poor disease-free survival and overall survival of gastric cancer patients. Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect VEGFR2 and VTN expressions in specimens. Kaplan–Meier curves were constructed for survival analysis. Stably knockdown cell lines and overexpression cell lines were constructed by small interfering RNA and plasmids transfection. Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to confirm the expressions of target genes at both RNA and protein levels. Cell proliferation was measured by using Cell Counting Kit-8 and xenograft models. Microarray and bioinformatic analysis were also performed to identify the relationship between Vitronectin (VTN) and VEGFR2. Results When overexpressed in gastric cancer cells, VEGFR2 increased cellular proliferation and invasion in vitro and tumor formation in xenograft models. By using integrating microarray and bioinformatic analysis, we identifiedVTN as a downstream of VEGFR2 pathway. In gain- and loss-of function analysis in gastric cancer cells, VTN was further verified in consistent with VEGFR2 in expression levels and in regulating cell growth and motility in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, in gastric cancer samples, VTN was as also revealed as a poor prognostic factor. Conclusions Our present findings defined a novel activity for VEGFR2 in promoting tumorogenicity, motility and indicating a poor survival in gastric cancer beyond its known pro-angiogenic effects. Implications Our present findings defined a novel activity for VEGFR2 in promoting tumorogenicity, motility and indicating a poor survival in gastric cancer beyond its known pro-angiogenic effects, which may provide a new and valuable target for design of therapies for intervention and a new cognitive perspective for the anti-angiogenesis therapies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5322-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Lian
- Department of Oncology, Suzhou Xiangcheng People's Hospital, Suzhou, 215131, China.,Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xiang-Li Li
- Department of General Surgery, Suzhou Xiangcheng People's Hospital, Suzhou, 215131, China.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Suzhou Xiangcheng People's Hospital, Suzhou, 215131, China
| | - Meng-Dan Xu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xian-Min Li
- Department of Oncology, Suzhou Xiangcheng People's Hospital, Suzhou, 215131, China
| | - Meng-Yao Wu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Min Tao
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Suzhou Xiangcheng People's Hospital, Suzhou, 215131, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Shen
- Department of Oncology, Suzhou Xiangcheng People's Hospital, Suzhou, 215131, China.
| | - Chong Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, 221009, China.
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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Wang X, Li T, Cheng Y, Wang P, Yuan W, Liu Q, Yang F, Liu Q, Ma D, Ding S, Wang J, Han W. CYTL1 inhibits tumor metastasis with decreasing STAT3 phosphorylation. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:e1577126. [PMID: 31069137 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1577126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
CYTL1 is a novel cytokine that was first identified in CD34+ hematopoietic cells. We previously prepared recombinant CYTL1 and verified that it chemoattracted human monocytes via the CCR2/ERK pathway. It has been reported that CYTL1 plays contradictory roles in neuroblastoma and lung cancer. We found that the expression level of CYTL1 was notably decreased and it was hypermethylated in various tumors, including breast and lung cancer, by bioinformatics analyses. After validating the expression of CYTL1 in lung cancer, we identified that CYTL1 exerted no obvious effect on tumor cell proliferation but inhibited their migration and invasion, and these effects were accompanied by decreasing STAT3 phosphorylation, using recombinant CYTL1 and CYTL1-overexpressing tumor cell lines. Furthermore, we constructed experimental and spontaneous metastasis models of breast cancer in BALB/c mice and found that CYTL1 significantly inhibited tumor metastasis in vivo. In summary, CYTL1 is a cytokine with tumor-suppressing characteristics that inhibits tumor metastasis and STAT3 phosphorylation in multiple types of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Wang
- Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Immunology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Li
- Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Cheng
- Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pingzhang Wang
- Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wanqiong Yuan
- Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyao Liu
- Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dalong Ma
- Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shigang Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenling Han
- Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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125
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Li ZR, Jiang Y, Hu JZ, Chen Y, Liu QZ. SOX2 knockdown inhibits the migration and invasion of basal cell carcinoma cells by targeting the SRPK1-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:1617-1625. [PMID: 30675221 PMCID: PMC6341784 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of human skin cancer, which is driven by the aberrant activation of Hedgehog signaling. Previous evidence indicated that sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) is associated with the tumor metastasis. However, the expression and role of SOX2 in BCC remain unknown. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to analyze the possible mechanism of SOX2 in the progression of BCC. The levels of SOX2 in BCC cells were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Transwell assays were also used to determine the migration and invasion of BCC cells. Immunoblotting and immunofluorescence were used for analyzing the role of SOX2 knockdown in the serine-arginine protein kinase 1 (SRPK1)-mediated phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway in BCC cells. The results demonstrated that SOX2 is overexpressed in BCC tissues and cells. In addition, SOX2 knockdown inhibited the migration and invasion of BCC cells, and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progress of BCC cells. It was also observed that SOX2 knockdown decreased SRPK1 expression, which further led to the downregulation of PI3K and AKT expression levels in BCC cells. Furthermore, SRPK1 transfection or PI3K/AKT pathway activation abolished the inhibitory effects of SOX2 knockdown on the migration, invasion and EMT progress of BCC cells. In conclusion, these results indicated that SOX2 may potentially serve as a target for BCC therapy by targeting the SRPK1-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Ran Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Zhong Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics Institute, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Quan-Zhong Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
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126
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De Ford C, Penchalaiah K, Kreft A, Humar M, Heydenreuter W, Kangani M, Sieber SA, Tietze LF, Merfort I. Bifunctional Duocarmycin Analogues as Inhibitors of Protein Tyrosine Kinases. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:16-26. [PMID: 30620194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bifunctional duocarmycin analogues are highly cytotoxic compounds that have been shown to be irreversible aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 inhibitors. Interestingly, cells with low aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 expression are also sensitive to bifunctional duocarmycin analogues, suggesting the existence of another target. Through in silico approaches, including principal component analysis, structure-similarity search, and docking calculations, protein tyrosine kinases, and especially the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2), were predicted as targets of bifunctional duocarmycin analogues. Biochemical validation was performed in vitro, confirming the in silico results. Structural optimization was performed to mainly target VEGFR-2, but not aldehyde dehydrogenase 1. The optimized bifunctional duocarmycin analogue was synthesized. In vitro assays revealed this bifunctional duocarmycin analogue as a strong inhibitor of VEGFR-2, with low residual aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 activity. Altogether, studies revealed bifunctional duocarmycin analogues as a new class of naturally derived compounds that express a very high cytotoxicity to cancer cells overexpressing aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 as well as VEGFR-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian De Ford
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology , Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg , Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19 , D-79104 Freiburg , Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM) , Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg , Albertstrasse 19a , 79104 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Kamala Penchalaiah
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry , Georg-August University , Tammannstrasse 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Alexander Kreft
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry , Georg-August University , Tammannstrasse 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Matjaz Humar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology , Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg , Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19 , D-79104 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Wolfgang Heydenreuter
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , 85747 Garching , Germany
| | - Mehrnoush Kangani
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry , Georg-August University , Tammannstrasse 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Stephan A Sieber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , 85747 Garching , Germany
| | - Lutz F Tietze
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry , Georg-August University , Tammannstrasse 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Irmgard Merfort
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology , Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg , Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19 , D-79104 Freiburg , Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM) , Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg , Albertstrasse 19a , 79104 Freiburg , Germany
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127
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Abou Faycal C, Gazzeri S, Eymin B. A VEGF-A/SOX2/SRSF2 network controls VEGFR1 pre-mRNA alternative splicing in lung carcinoma cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:336. [PMID: 30674935 PMCID: PMC6344584 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36728-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The splice variant sVEGFR1-i13 is a truncated version of the cell membrane-spanning VEGFR1 receptor that is devoid of its transmembrane and tyrosine kinase domains. We recently showed the contribution of sVEGFR1-i13 to the progression and the response of squamous lung carcinoma to anti-angiogenic therapies. In this study, we identify VEGF165, a splice variant of VEGF-A, as a regulator of sVEGFR1-i13 expression in these tumors, and further show that VEGF165 cooperates with the transcription factor SOX2 and the splicing factor SRSF2 to control sVEGFR1-i13 expression. We also demonstrate that anti-angiogenic therapies up-regulate sVEGFR1-i13 protein level in squamous lung carcinoma cells by a mechanism involving the VEGF165/SOX2/SRSF2 network. Collectively, our results identify for the first time a signaling network that controls VEGFR1 pre-mRNA alternative splicing in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherine Abou Faycal
- INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Institute For Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, 38042, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble, 38041, France
| | - Sylvie Gazzeri
- INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Institute For Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, 38042, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble, 38041, France
| | - Beatrice Eymin
- INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Institute For Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, 38042, France. .,Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble, 38041, France.
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128
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Baci D, Gallazzi M, Cascini C, Tramacere M, De Stefano D, Bruno A, Noonan DM, Albini A. Downregulation of Pro-Inflammatory and Pro-Angiogenic Pathways in Prostate Cancer Cells by a Polyphenol-Rich Extract from Olive Mill Wastewater. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020307. [PMID: 30646518 PMCID: PMC6359159 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary phytochemicals are particularly attractive for chemoprevention and are able to modulate several signal transduction pathways linked with cancer. Olive oil, a major component of the Mediterranean diet, is an abundant source of phenolic compounds. Olive oil production is associated with the generation of a waste material, termed 'olive mill wastewater' (OMWW) that have been reported to contain water-soluble polyphenols. Prostate cancer (PCa) is considered as an ideal cancer type for chemopreventive approaches, due to its wide incidence but relatively long latency period and progression time. Here, we investigated activities associated with potential preventive properties of a polyphenol-rich olive mill wastewater extract, OMWW (A009), on three in vitro models of PCa. A009 was able to inhibit PCa cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, and invasion. Molecularly, we found that A009 targeted NF-κB and reduced pro-angiogenic growth factor, VEGF, CXCL8, and CXCL12 production. IL-6/STAT3 axis was also regulated by the extract. A009 shows promising properties, and purified hydroxytyrosol (HyT), the major polyphenol component of A009, was also active but not always as effective as A009. Finally, our results support the idea of repositioning a food waste-derived material for nutraceutical employment, with environmental and industrial cost management benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Baci
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy.
| | - Matteo Gallazzi
- Scientific and Technology Pole, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milano, Italy.
| | - Caterina Cascini
- Scientific and Technology Pole, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milano, Italy.
| | - Matilde Tramacere
- Scientific and Technology Pole, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milano, Italy.
| | | | - Antonino Bruno
- Scientific and Technology Pole, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milano, Italy.
| | - Douglas M Noonan
- Scientific and Technology Pole, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milano, Italy.
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Laboratory of Immunology and General Pathology, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy.
| | - Adriana Albini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy.
- Scientific and Technology Pole, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milano, Italy.
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129
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Li JY, Xiao T, Yi HM, Yi H, Feng J, Zhu JF, Huang W, Lu SS, Zhou YH, Li XH, Xiao ZQ. S897 phosphorylation of EphA2 is indispensable for EphA2-dependent nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell invasion, metastasis and stem properties. Cancer Lett 2018; 444:162-174. [PMID: 30583071 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Our phosphoproteomics identified that phosphorylation of EphA2 at serine 897 (pS897-EphA2) was significantly upregulated in the high metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells relative to non-metastatic NPC cells. However, the role and underlying mechanism of pS897-EphA2 in cancer metastasis and stem properties maintenance remain poorly understood. In this study, we established NPC cell lines with stable expression of exogenous EphA2 and EphA2-S897A using endogenous EphA2 knockdown cells, and observed that pS897-EphA2 maintained EphA2-dependent NPC cell in vitro migration and invasion, in vivo metastasis and cancer stem properties. Using phospho-kinase antibody array to identify signaling downstream of pS897-EphA2, we found that AKT/Stat3 signaling mediated pS897-EphA2-promoting NPC cell invasion, metastasis and stem properties, and Sox-2 and c-Myc were the effectors of pS897-EphA2. Immunohistochemistry showed that pS897-EphA2 was positively correlated with NPC metastasis and negatively correlated with patient overall survival. Moreover, ERK/RSK signaling controlled serum-induced pS897-EphA2 in NPC cells. Collectively, our results demonstrate that pS897-EphA2 is indispensable for EphA2-dependent NPC cell invasion, metastasis and stem properties by activating AKT/Stat3/Sox-2 and c-Myc signaling pathway, suggesting that pS897-EphA2 can serve as a therapeutic target in NPC and perhaps in other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Yang Li
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Cancer Proteomics and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Ta Xiao
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China
| | - Hong-Mei Yi
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Cancer Proteomics and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Hong Yi
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Cancer Proteomics and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Cancer Proteomics and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Jin-Feng Zhu
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Cancer Proteomics and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Cancer Proteomics and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Shan-Shan Lu
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Cancer Proteomics and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Yan-Hong Zhou
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Xin-Hui Li
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Cancer Proteomics and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Xiao
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Cancer Proteomics and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
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130
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Tumour microenvironment and metabolic plasticity in cancer and cancer stem cells: Perspectives on metabolic and immune regulatory signatures in chemoresistant ovarian cancer stem cells. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 53:265-281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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131
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Immunosuppression mediated by myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) during tumour progression. Br J Cancer 2018; 120:16-25. [PMID: 30413826 PMCID: PMC6325125 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0333-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 502] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Under steady-state conditions, bone marrow-derived immature myeloid cells (IMC) differentiate into granulocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). This differentiation is impaired under chronic inflammatory conditions, which are typical for tumour progression, leading to the accumulation of IMCs. These cells are capable of inducing strong immunosuppressive effects through the expression of various cytokines and immune regulatory molecules, inhibition of lymphocyte homing, stimulation of other immunosuppressive cells, depletion of metabolites critical for T cell functions, expression of ectoenzymes regulating adenosine metabolism, and the production of reactive species. IMCs are therefore designated as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and have been shown to accumulate in tumour-bearing mice and cancer patients. MDSCs are considered to be a strong contributor to the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment and thus an obstacle for many cancer immunotherapies. Consequently, numerous studies are focused on the characterisation of MDSC origin and their relationship to other myeloid cell populations, their immunosuppressive capacity, and possible ways to inhibit MDSC function with different approaches being evaluated in clinical trials. This review analyses the current state of knowledge on the origin and function of MDSCs in cancer, with a special emphasis on the immunosuppressive pathways pursued by MDSCs to inhibit T cell functions, resulting in tumour progression. In addition, we describe therapeutic strategies and clinical benefits of MDSC targeting in cancer.
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132
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Hermawan A, Putri H. Current report of natural product development against breast cancer stem cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 104:114-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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133
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Ishibashi K, Koguchi T, Matsuoka K, Onagi A, Tanji R, Takinami-Honda R, Hoshi S, Onoda M, Kurimura Y, Hata J, Sato Y, Kataoka M, Ogawsa S, Haga N, Kojima Y. Interleukin-6 induces drug resistance in renal cell carcinoma. Fukushima J Med Sci 2018; 64:103-110. [PMID: 30369518 DOI: 10.5387/fms.2018-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) is a tumor entity with poor prognosis due to limited therapy options. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), the novel targeted agents have been used for the treatment of mRCC and have shown efficacy. Interferon (IFN)-α is also one of the most frequently used agents in immunotherapy. However, drug resistance needs to be overcome to achieve a sufficiently positive effect. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), which induce suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3) expression, is one of the factors associated with poor prognosis of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). To analyze the influence of IL-6 in drug resistance of RCC, anti-IL-6 receptor antibody was used in combination with IFN or TKIs. The SOCS3 mRNA expression level was significantly increased by IFN-α stimulation in 786-O RCC cells which were resistant to IFN, but not in ACHN cells that were sensitive to IFN. The overexpression of SOCS3 by gene transfection in ACHN significantly inhibited the growth-inhibitory effect of IFN-α. An in vivo study demonstrated that co-administration of SOCS3-targeted siRNA promoted INF-α-induced cell death and growth suppression in 786-O cell xenograft. SOCS3 could be a key component in the resistance to interferon treatment of renal cell carcinoma. Because SOCS3 is rapidly up-regulated by IL-6 and a negative regulator of cytokine signaling, IL-6 expression on RCC cells was also analyzed and the 786-O cells showed the high level of IL-6 mRNA expression under the condition of interferon stimulation. IL-6R antibody, tocilizumab, significantly suppressed cell proliferation in 786-O cells by interferon stimulation accompanied with phosphorylation of STAT1 and inhibited SOCS3 expression. The in vivo effects of combination therapy with tocilizumab and interferon showed significant suppression of 786-O tumor growth in a xenograft model. We also hypothesized that TKI resistance and IL-6 secretion are causally connected. And we found that 786-O RCC cells secrete high IL-6 levels after low dose stimulation with the TKIs sorafenib, sunitinib and pazopanib, inducing activation of AKT-mTOR pathway, NFκB, HIF-2α and VEGF expression. Tocilizumab neutralizes the AKT-mTOR pathway activation and results in reduced proliferation. A combination therapy with tocilizumab and TKI suppresses 786-O tumor growth and inhibits angiogenesis in vivo more efficient than TKI alone. Our findings suggest that IL-6 could induce drug resistance on RCC, and combination therapy of IL-6R inhibitors and IFN/TKIs may represent a novel therapeutic approach for RCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Ishibashi
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Tomoyuki Koguchi
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Kanako Matsuoka
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Akifumi Onagi
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Ryo Tanji
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | | | - Seiji Hoshi
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Mitsutaka Onoda
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | | | - Junya Hata
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Yuichi Sato
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Masao Kataoka
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Soichiro Ogawsa
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Nobuhiro Haga
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Yoshiyuki Kojima
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
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134
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Wang X, Dai X, Zhang X, Ma C, Li X, Xu T, Lan Q. 3D bioprinted glioma cell-laden scaffolds enriching glioma stem cells via epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 107:383-391. [PMID: 30350390 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are thought to be the root cause of tumor recurrence and drug resistance in glioma patients. In-depth study of GSCs is of great significance for developing the treatment strategies of glioma. Unfortunately, it is difficult and takes complicated process to obtain GSCs. Therefore, establishing an ideal in vitro model for enriching GSCs will greatly promote the study of GSCs. In this study, the stemness properties of glioma cells were enhanced in three-dimensional (3D) bioprinted tumor model. Furthermore, the possible molecular mechanism of GSCs enrichment: epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was explored. Compared with two-dimensional cultured cells, the proportion of GSCs and EMT-related genes in 3D cultured cells were significantly increased. Moreover, the 3D cultured glioma cells with improved stemness properties resulted in higher drug resistance in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo. Taken together, 3D bioprinted glioma cell-laden scaffold provides a proper platform for the enrichment of GSCs and it is expected to further promote the research on glioma drug resistance. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 383-391, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanzhi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingliang Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinzhi Zhang
- Medprin Biotech GmbH, Gutleutstraße 163-167, Frankfurt am Main, D-60327, Germany.,Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Ma
- Medprin Biotech GmbH, Gutleutstraße 163-167, Frankfurt am Main, D-60327, Germany.,East China Institute of Digital Medical Engineering, Shangrao, 334000, China
| | - Xinda Li
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Xu
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China.,Department of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, People's Republic of China
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135
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Elaimy AL, Mercurio AM. Convergence of VEGF and YAP/TAZ signaling: Implications for angiogenesis and cancer biology. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/552/eaau1165. [PMID: 30327408 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aau1165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulates endothelial cells to promote both developmental and pathological angiogenesis. VEGF also directly affects tumor cells and is associated with the initiation, progression, and recurrence of tumors, as well as the emergence and maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Studies have uncovered the importance of the transcriptional regulators YAP and TAZ in mediating VEGF signaling. For example, VEGF stimulates the GTPase activity of Rho family members and thereby alters cytoskeletal dynamics, which contributes to the activation of YAP and TAZ. In turn, YAP- and TAZ-mediated changes in gene expression sustain Rho family member activity and cytoskeletal effects to promote both vascular growth and remodeling in endothelial cells and the acquisition of stem-like traits in tumor cells. In this Review, we discuss how these findings further explain the pathophysiological roles of VEGF and YAP/TAZ, identify their connections to other receptor-mediated pathways, and reveal ways of therapeutically targeting their convergent signals in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameer L Elaimy
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Arthur M Mercurio
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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136
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Mahalingam SM, Chu H, Liu X, Leamon CP, Low PS. Carbonic Anhydrase IX-Targeted Near-Infrared Dye for Fluorescence Imaging of Hypoxic Tumors. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:3320-3331. [PMID: 30185025 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Use of tumor-targeted fluorescence dyes to help surgeons identify otherwise undetected tumor nodules, decrease the incidence of cancer-positive margins, and facilitate localization of malignant lymph nodes has demonstrated considerable promise for improving cancer debulking surgery. Unfortunately, the repertoire of available tumor-targeted fluorescent dyes does not permit identification of all cancer types, raising the need to develop additional tumor-specific fluorescent dyes to ensure localization of all malignant lesions during cancer surgeries. By comparing the mRNA levels of the hypoxia-induced plasma membrane protein carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) in 13 major human cancers with the same mRNA levels in corresponding normal tissues, we document that CA IX constitutes a nearly universal marker for the design of tumor-targeted fluorescent dyes. Motivated by this expression profile, we synthesize two new CA IX-targeted near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent imaging agents and characterize their physical and biological properties both in vitro and in vivo. We report that conjugation of either acetazolamide or 6-aminosaccharin (i.e., two CA-IX-specific ligands) to the NIR fluorescent dye, S0456, via an extended phenolic spacer creates a brightly fluorescent dye that binds CA IX with high affinity and allows rapid visualization of hypoxic regions of solid tumors at depths >1 cm beneath a tissue surface. Taken together, these data suggest that a CA IX-targeted NIR dye can constitute a useful addition to a cocktail of tumor-targeted NIR dyes designed to image all human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haiyan Chu
- Endocyte Inc. , 3000 Kent Avenue , West Lafayette , Indiana 47906 , United States
| | | | - Christopher P Leamon
- Endocyte Inc. , 3000 Kent Avenue , West Lafayette , Indiana 47906 , United States
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137
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Transcriptomic but not genomic variability confers phenotype of breast cancer stem cells. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2018; 38:56. [PMID: 30231942 PMCID: PMC6146522 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-018-0326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are considered responsible for cancer relapse and drug resistance. Understanding the identity of BCSCs may open new avenues in breast cancer therapy. Although several discoveries have been made on BCSC characterization, the factors critical to the origination of BCSCs are largely unclear. This study aimed to determine whether genomic mutations contribute to the acquisition of cancer stem-like phenotype and to investigate the genetic and transcriptional features of BCSCs. Methods We detected potential BCSC phenotype-associated mutation hotspot regions by using whole-genome sequencing on parental cancer cells and derived serial-generation spheres in increasing order of BCSC frequency, and then performed target deep DNA sequencing at bulk-cell and single-cell levels. To identify the transcriptional program associated with BCSCs, bulk-cell and single-cell RNA sequencing was performed. Results By using whole-genome sequencing of bulk cells, potential BCSC phenotype-associated mutation hotspot regions were detected. Validation by target deep DNA sequencing, at both bulk-cell and single-cell levels, revealed no genetic changes specifically associated with BCSC phenotype. Moreover, single-cell RNA sequencing showed profound transcriptomic variability in cancer cells at the single-cell level that predicted BCSC features. Notably, this transcriptomic variability was enriched during the transcription of 74 genes, revealed as BCSC markers. Breast cancer patients with a high risk of relapse exhibited higher expression levels of these BCSC markers than those with a low risk of relapse, thereby highlighting the clinical significance of predicting breast cancer prognosis with these BCSC markers. Conclusions Transcriptomic variability, not genetic mutations, distinguishes BCSCs from non-BCSCs. The identified 74 BCSC markers have the potential of becoming novel targets for breast cancer therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40880-018-0326-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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138
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Bousoik E, Montazeri Aliabadi H. "Do We Know Jack" About JAK? A Closer Look at JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway. Front Oncol 2018; 8:287. [PMID: 30109213 PMCID: PMC6079274 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Janus tyrosine kinase (JAK) family of proteins have been identified as crucial proteins in signal transduction initiated by a wide range of membrane receptors. Among the proteins in this family JAK2 has been associated with important downstream proteins, including signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs), which in turn regulate the expression of a variety of proteins involved in induction or prevention of apoptosis. Therefore, the JAK/STAT signaling axis plays a major role in the proliferation and survival of different cancer cells, and may even be involved in resistance mechanisms against molecularly targeted drugs. Despite extensive research focused on the protein structure and mechanisms of activation of JAKs, and signal transduction through these proteins, their importance in cancer initiation and progression seem to be underestimated. This manuscript is an attempt to highlight the role of JAK proteins in cancer biology, the most recent developments in targeting JAKs, and the central role they play in intracellular cross-talks with other signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emira Bousoik
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, United States.,School of Pharmacy, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, Dèrna, Libya
| | - Hamidreza Montazeri Aliabadi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, United States
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139
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Yang P, Xiong J, Zuo L, Liu K, Zhang H. miR‑140‑5p regulates cell migration and invasion of non‑small cell lung cancer cells through targeting VEGFA. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:2866-2872. [PMID: 30015904 PMCID: PMC6102653 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, the most prevalent form of which is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MicroRNAs (miRs) are involved in the progression of NSCLC; however, the specific function of miR-140-5p in NSCLC remains unclear. The present study demonstrated that miR-140-5p was downregulated in the tumor tissues of patients with NSCLC, and it was associated with a poor prognosis. Furthermore, miR-140-5p significantly suppressed cell migration and invasion of the NSCLC cell line A549. In addition, the direct regulatory effect of miR-140-5p on vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA) was predicted by TargetScan and verified using a luciferase reporter gene assay. The present study also hypothesized that miR-140-5p may inhibit the expression of phosphorylated-protein kinase B by targeting VEGFA. In conclusion, miR-140-5p may be a potential target for the development of anti-neoplastic therapies in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixia Yang
- Respiratory Department of Internal Medicine, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
| | - Jie Xiong
- Respiratory Department of Internal Medicine, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Health Service Center of Lanshan District, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
| | - Kequn Liu
- Department of Hemodialysis, People's Hospital of Yishui County, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
| | - Houbin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
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140
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Abdolmaleki M, Sohrabi A. Characterization of JAK2 V617F (1849 G > T) Mutation in Cervical Cancer Related to Human Papillomavirus and Sexually Transmitted Infections. J Cancer Prev 2018; 23:82-86. [PMID: 30003068 PMCID: PMC6037210 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2018.23.2.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes that infect the genital tract play a main etiologic role in cervical cancer progression. Other environmental factors, such as sexually transmitted diseases and the host genetic pattern, contribute to infection persistence of the uterus and cervical epithelium in sustaining their malignancy. The Janus kinase 2 is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase in cell signaling process of tumor genesis. In the present study, JAK2 V167F mutation was distinguished in women with sexually transmitted infections, such as Herpes simplex virus 2, Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium and cervical cancer. Methods This case-control survey was performed on 195 liquid based cytology of women specimens. Fifty, 98, and 47 samples were from women with known cervical cancer, HPV positive and HPV negative, respectively. Single nucleotide polymorphism analysis, sexually transmitted infections detection and HPV genotyping were carried out using approved PCR- RFLP, in-house multiplex TaqMan Real Time PCR and the reverse dot blot hybridization assay. Results HPVs 6, 16, 18, 11, 31, and 51 were the most common genotypes. The prevalence rate of multiple HPV genotypes was 46.0% to 10.1%. Analysis of JAK2 V617F (1849 G > T) showed that prevalence of mutation was GG (65.1%), GA (34.9%), and TT (0%), respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between this mutation and variables of population survey (P ≥ 0.05). Conclusions The molecular epidemiology study on the genetic polymorphisms, i.e., JAK2 V617F and other single nucleotide polymorphisms as a diagnostic tool is necessary for cancer screening and prophylactic programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Abdolmaleki
- Department of Biology, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Sohrabi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Research Center of Health Reference Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
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141
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Cook MT. Mechanism of metastasis suppression by luteolin in breast cancer. BREAST CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2018; 10:89-100. [PMID: 29928143 PMCID: PMC6003288 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s144202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer is typically an extremely aggressive cancer with poor prognosis. Metastasis requires the orchestration of homeostatic factors and cellular programs, many of which are potential therapeutic targets. Luteolin (2-[3,4-dihydroxyphenyl]-5,7-dihydroxy-4-chromenone), is a naturally occurring flavonoid found in fruits and vegetables that exhibits many anticancer properties. Luteolin obstructs metastasis through both direct and indirect mechanisms. For instance, luteolin may suppress breast cancer invasion by acting as an antiangiogenic therapeutic inhibiting VEGF production and its receptor’s activity. Furthermore, luteolin decreases epithelial–mesenchymal transition markers and metastatic proclivity. Luteolin also acts as an antiproliferative by suppressing receptor tyrosine-kinase activity and apoptosis, both of which could prevent incipient colonization of breast cancer. Many of these antimetastatic characteristics accredited to luteolin are likely functionally related. For instance, the PI3K/Akt pathway, which is impeded by luteolin, has several downstream programs involved in increased proliferation, survival, and metastatic potential in breast cancer. In this review, luteolin’s ability to ameliorate breast cancer is summarized. The paper also offers insight into the molecular mechanisms by which luteolin may suppress breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Cook
- Department of Biology, Washburn University, Topeka, KS, USA
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142
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Nie M, Qin Y, Zhu J, Li Y, Wang Z. Correlation between ultrasonic features and expression levels of C-erbB-2, VEGF and nm23 in breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:1701-1707. [PMID: 30008856 PMCID: PMC6036493 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common female malignancies in clinical practice, which ranks number one in terms of its high incidence. We investigated the relevance of ultrasonic features of breast cancer and expression levels of C-erbB-2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and nm23 and its clinical significance. A total of 76 patients with breast cancer were recruited who were admitted to The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January, 2016 to August, 2017. All patients underwent color Doppler ultrasonic imaging, and expression levels of C-erbB-2, VEGF and nm23 in their tumor tissues were measured by immunohistochemistry. The ultrasonic features were evaluated and compared with the expression levels of C-erbB-2, VEGF and nm23 for each patient. Ultrasonography showed a tumor mass with spiculated margins, abnormal vasculature, and a diameter no less than 3 cm, as well as lymph node metastasis. The above signs were associated with high expression of C-erbB-2, VEGF and nm23 (p<0.05), but calcification was not associated with high expression of these biomarkers (p>0.05). For patients with highly expressed C-erbB-2 and VEGF, the time to peak (TTP) of the time-intensity curve obtained by contrast enhanced ultrasound was shorter, while the peak intensity (PI) was higher. On the contrary, for patients with highly expressed nm23, the TTP was apparently longer, while the PI was lower (p<0.05). The ultrasonic features of breast cancer were relevant to the expression levels of C-erbB-2, VEGF and nm23. Thus, the expression levels of C-erbB-2, VEGF and nm23 were predictable indirectly according to the ultrasonic features of the patient, which can be used as a reference for breast cancer treatment and prognosis prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Nie
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266001, P.R. China.,Department of Medical Imaging, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong 276800, P.R. China
| | - Yongchun Qin
- Department of Medical Imaging, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong 276800, P.R. China
| | - Jiafeng Zhu
- Department of Medical Imaging, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong 276800, P.R. China
| | - Yanzhi Li
- ICU, People's Hospital of Zhangqiu, Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266001, P.R. China
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143
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Yang T, Zhai H, Yan R, Zhou Z, Gao L, Wang L. lncRNA CCAT1 promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by down-regulation of miR-143 in FTC-133 thyroid carcinoma cell line. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 51:e7046. [PMID: 29791590 PMCID: PMC6002139 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20187046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is a common malignant tumor. Long non-coding RNA colon
cancer-associated transcript 1 (lncRNA CCAT1) is highly expressed in many
cancers; however, the molecular mechanism of CCAT1 in thyroid cancer remains
unclear. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the effect of CCAT1 on human
thyroid cancer cell line FTC-133. FTC-133 cells were transfected with CCAT1
expressing vector, CCAT1 shRNA, miR-143 mimic, and miR-143 inhibitor,
respectively. After different treatments, cell viability, proliferation,
migration, invasion, and apoptosis were measured. Moreover, the regulatory
relationship of CCAT1 and miR-143, as well as miR-143 and VEGF were tested using
dual-luciferase reporter assay. The relative expressions of CCAT1, miR-143, and
VEGF were tested by qRT-PCR. The expressions of apoptosis-related factors and
corresponding proteins in PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways were analyzed using western
blot analysis. The results suggested that CCAT1 was up-regulated in the FTC-133
cells. CCAT1 suppression decreased FTC-133 cell viability, proliferation,
migration, invasion, and miR-143 expression, while it increased apoptosis and
VEGF expression. CCAT1 might act as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for
miR-143. Moreover, CCAT1 activated PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways through
inhibition of miR-143. This study demonstrated that CCAT1 exhibited
pro-proliferative and pro-metastasis functions on FTC-133 cells and activated
PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways via down-regulation of miR-143. These
findings will provide a possible target for clinical treatment of thyroid
cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzheng Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Hongyan Zhai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Ruihong Yan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenhu Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Luqing Wang
- Department of Radioimmunoassay, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
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144
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Cheng CC, Shi LH, Wang XJ, Wang SX, Wan XQ, Liu SR, Wang YF, Lu Z, Wang LH, Ding Y. Stat3/Oct-4/c-Myc signal circuit for regulating stemness-mediated doxorubicin resistance of triple-negative breast cancer cells and inhibitory effects of WP1066. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:339-348. [PMID: 29750424 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox) is widely used in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer cells (TNBCs), however resistance limits its effectiveness. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are associated with Dox resistance in MCF-7 estrogen receptor positive breast cancer cells. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) may functionally shift non-CSCs towards CSCs. However, whether Stat3 drives the formation of CSCs during the development of resistance in TNBC, and whether a Stat3 inhibitor reverses CSC-mediated Dox resistance, remains to be elucidated. In the present study, human MDA-MB-468 and murine 4T1 mammary carcinoma cell lines with the typical characteristics of TNBCs, were compared with estrogen receptor-positive MCF-7 cells as a model system. The MTT assay was used to detect cytotoxicity of Dox. In addition, the expression levels of CSC-specific markers and transcriptional factors were measured by western blotting, immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry. The mammosphere formation assay was used to detect stem cell activity. Under long-term continuous treatment with Dox at a low concentration, TNBC cultures not only exhibited a drug-resistant phenotype, but also showed CSC properties. These Dox-resistant TNBC cells showed activation of Stat3 and high expression levels of pluripotency transcription factors octamer-binding transcription factor-4 (Oct-4) and c-Myc, which was different from the high expression of superoxide dismutase 2 (Sox2) in Dox-resistant MCF-7 cells. WP1066 inhibited the phosphorylation of Stat3, and decreased the expression of Oct-4 and c-Myc, leading to a reduction in the CD44-positive cell population, and restoring the sensitivity of the cells to Dox. Taken together, a novel signal circuit of Stat3/Oct-4/c-Myc was identified for regulating stemness-mediated Dox resistance in TNBC. The Stat3 inhibitor WP1066 was able to overcome the resistance to Dox through decreasing the enrichment of CSCs, highlighting the therapeutic potential of WP1066 as a novel sensitizer of Dox-resistant TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Cong Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Li-Hong Shi
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Jian Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Xiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Qing Wan
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Rong Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Fei Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Li-Hua Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Yi Ding
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
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145
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Yang J, Yan J, Liu B. Targeting VEGF/VEGFR to Modulate Antitumor Immunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:978. [PMID: 29774034 PMCID: PMC5943566 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 392] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to the crucial role in promoting the growth of tumor vessels, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is also immunosuppressive. VEGF can inhibit the function of T cells, increase the recruitment of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and hinder the differentiation and activation of dendritic cells (DCs). Recent studies have investigated the role of antiangiogenic agents in antitumor immunity, especially in recent 3 years. Therefore, it is necessary to update the role of targeting VEGF/VEGFR in antitumor immunity. In this review, we focus on the latest clinical and preclinical findings on the modulatory role of antiangiogenic agents targeting VEGF/VEGFR in immune cells, including effector T cells, Tregs, MDSCs, DCs, tumor-associated macrophages, and mast cells. Our review will be potentially helpful for the development of combinations of angiogenesis inhibitors with immunological modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Yang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Yan
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baorui Liu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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146
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Li H, Jin Y, Hu Y, Jiang L, Liu F, Zhang Y, Hao Y, Chen S, Wu X, Liu Y. The PLGF/c-MYC/miR-19a axis promotes metastasis and stemness in gallbladder cancer. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:1532-1544. [PMID: 29575299 PMCID: PMC5980328 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common malignant tumor of the biliary tract system. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a vital role in the process of tumor metastasis. Mesenchymal-like cells can serve as a source of cancer stem cells, which can confer the EMT phenotype. Placental growth factor (PLGF) belongs to the vascular endothelial growth factor family and plays a vital role in cancer. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms about the influence of PLGF on EMT in GBC remain unknown. Here we show that PLGF expression levels were higher in GBC tissues than in normal adjacent tissues and were associated with poor prognosis in GBC patients. Exogenous PLGF enhanced the migration, invasion, and tumorsphere formation of GBC cells. Conversely, knockdown of PLGF decreased the aggressive phenotype of GBC cells. Mechanistically, exogenous PLGF upregulated microRNA-19a (miR-19a) expression through the activation of c-MYC. Moreover, Spearman's correlation analysis showed a positive pairwise correlation among PLGF, c-MYC, and miR-19a expression in GBC tissues. Taken together, these results suggest that PLGF promotes EMT and tumorsphere formation through inducing miR-19a expression by upregulating c-MYC. Thus, PLGF could be a promising molecular therapeutic target for GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaifeng Li
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunpeng Jin
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunping Hu
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fatao Liu
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijian Zhang
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajuan Hao
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shili Chen
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangsong Wu
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingbin Liu
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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147
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Blasco V, Cuñat AC, Sanz-Cervera JF, Marco JA, Falomir E, Murga J, Carda M. Arylureas derived from colchicine: Enhancement of colchicine oncogene downregulation activity. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 150:817-828. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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148
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Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 is a key signalling protein engaged by a multitude of growth factors and cytokines to elicit diverse biological outcomes including cellular growth, differentiation, and survival. The complete loss of STAT3 is not compatible with life and even partial loss of function mutations lead to debilitating pathologies like hyper IgE syndrome. Conversely, augmented STAT3 activity has been reported in as many as 50% of all human tumours. The dogma of STAT3 activity posits that it is a tyrosine phosphorylated transcription factor which modulates the expression of hundreds of genes. However, the regulation and biological consequences of STAT3 activation are far more complex. In addition to tyrosine phosphorylation, STAT3 is decorated with a plethora of post-translational modifications which regulate STAT3's nuclear function in addition to its non-genomic activities. In addition to these emerging complexities in the biochemical regulation of STAT3 activity, recent studies reveal that STAT3 is either oncogenic or a tumour suppressor. This review will explore these complexities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleks C Guanizo
- a Centre for Cancer Research , Hudson Institute of Medical Research , Clayton , VIC , Australia
- b Department of Molecular and Translational Science , Monash University , Clayton , VIC , Australia
| | - Chamira Dilanka Fernando
- a Centre for Cancer Research , Hudson Institute of Medical Research , Clayton , VIC , Australia
- b Department of Molecular and Translational Science , Monash University , Clayton , VIC , Australia
| | - Daniel J Garama
- a Centre for Cancer Research , Hudson Institute of Medical Research , Clayton , VIC , Australia
- b Department of Molecular and Translational Science , Monash University , Clayton , VIC , Australia
| | - Daniel J Gough
- a Centre for Cancer Research , Hudson Institute of Medical Research , Clayton , VIC , Australia
- b Department of Molecular and Translational Science , Monash University , Clayton , VIC , Australia
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149
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Galoczova M, Coates P, Vojtesek B. STAT3, stem cells, cancer stem cells and p63. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2018; 23:12. [PMID: 29588647 PMCID: PMC5863838 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-018-0078-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) is a transcription factor with many important functions in the biology of normal and transformed cells. Its regulation is highly complex as it is involved in signaling pathways in many different cell types and under a wide variety of conditions. Besides other functions, STAT3 is an important regulator of normal stem cells and cancer stem cells. p63 which is a member of the p53 protein family is also involved in these functions and is both physically and functionally connected with STAT3. This review summarizes STAT3 function and regulation, its role in stem cell and cancer stem cell properties and highlights recent reports about its relationship to p63.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Galoczova
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Philip Coates
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Borivoj Vojtesek
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic
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150
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Jhan JR, Andrechek ER. Stat3 accelerates Myc induced tumor formation while reducing growth rate in a mouse model of breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:65797-65807. [PMID: 27589562 PMCID: PMC5323193 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated Myc expression has been noted in basal breast cancer but therapies targeting Myc directly are lacking. It is therefore critical to characterize the interaction of Myc with other genes and pathways to uncover future potential therapeutic strategies. In this study, we bioinformatically predicted a role for Stat3 in Myc induced mammary tumors and tested it using mouse models. During normal mammary function, loss of Stat3 in Myc transgenic dams resulted in lethality of pups due to lactation deficiencies. We also observed that deletion of Stat3 in the mammary glands of MMTV-Myc mice unexpectedly resulted in increased and earlier hyperplasia and expedited tumorigenesis. However, despite arising earlier, Myc tumors lacking Stat3 grew more slowly with alterations in the resulting histological subtypes, including a dramatic increase in EMT-like tumors. We also observed that these tumors had impaired angiogenesis and a slight decrease in lung metastases. This metastatic finding is distinct from previously published findings in both MMTV-Neu and MMTV-PyMT mouse models. Together, the literature and our current research demonstrate that Stat3 can function as an oncogene or as a tumor repressor depending on the oncogenic driver and developmental context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ru Jhan
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Eran R Andrechek
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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