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Park SH, Eun R, Heo J, Lim YT. Nanoengineered drug delivery in cancer immunotherapy for overcoming immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:2015-2031. [PMID: 36581707 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01282-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Almost like a living being in and of itself, tumors actively interact with and modify their environment to escape immune responses. Owing to the pre-formation of cancer-favorable microenvironment prior to anti-cancer treatment, the numerous attempts that followed propose limited efficacy in oncology. Immunogenicity by activation of immune cells within the tumor microenvironment or recruitment of immune cells from nearby lymph nodes is quickly offset as the immunosuppressive environment, rapidly converting immunogenic cells into immune suppressive cells, overriding the immune system. Tumor cells, as well as regulatory cells, namely M2 macrophages, Treg cells, and MDSCs, derived by the immunosuppressive environment, also cloak from potential anti-tumoral factors by directly or indirectly secreting cytokines, such as IL-10 and TGF-β, related to immune regulation. Enzymes and other metabolic or angiogenetic constituents - VEGF, IDO1, and iNOS - are also employed directed for anti-cancer immune cell malfunctioning. Therefore, the conversion of "cold" immunosuppressive environment into "hot" immune responsive environment is of paramount importance, bestowing the advances in the field of cancer immunotherapy the opportunity to wholly fulfill its intended purpose. This paper reviews the mechanisms by which tumors wield to exercise immune suppression and the nanoengineered delivery strategies being developed to overcome this suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei Hyun Park
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Department of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryounho Eun
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Department of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Janghun Heo
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Department of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Taik Lim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Department of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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102
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Ganjalikhani Hakemi M, Yanikkaya Demirel G, Li Y, Jayakumar N. Editorial: The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and strategies to revert its immune regulatory milieu for cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1238698. [PMID: 37435084 PMCID: PMC10332107 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1238698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yangqiu Li
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nair Jayakumar
- Women’s Malignancies Branch, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
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103
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Iso H, Miyanaga A, Kadoma N, Shinbu K, Tozuka T, Murata A, Nishima S, Sato Y, Nakamichi S, Matsumoto M, Noro R, Terasaki Y, Kubota K, Seike M. Remarkable Clinical Response of ALK-Rearranged/ TP53-Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma with Liver Metastasis to Atezolizumab-Bevacizumab-Carboplatin-Paclitaxel After ALK Inhibitors: A Case Report. Onco Targets Ther 2023; 16:465-470. [PMID: 37384219 PMCID: PMC10296560 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s404035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive (ALK-positive) lung adenocarcinoma with multiple liver metastases accounts for a relatively small number of cases of non-small cell lung cancer. Several ALK-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (ALK-TKIs) are available for the treatment of lung cancer. However, there is limited evidence on the treatment of multiple liver metastases in patients with lung cancer that are refractory to ALK-TKIs. We report the case of a 42-year-old male patient with ALK-positive lung adenocarcinoma who experienced rapid progression to multiple liver metastases while receiving treatment with alectinib. Biopsy of the liver metastases revealed echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4-ALK (EML4-ALK) fusion and tumor protein p53 (TP53) mutation; notably, ALK secondary mutations were not detected. Despite the sequential administration of third-generation ALK-TKIs, the liver metastases did not respond, the serum levels of total bilirubin and biliary enzymes continued to increase, and the patient's general appearance worsened. Finally, the patient exhibited a remarkable clinical response to treatment with a combination of atezolizumab, bevacizumab, carboplatin, and paclitaxel (ABCP). ABCP is one of the optimal options for ALK-positive lung cancer with liver metastasis that is refractory to ALK-TKIs therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Iso
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Miyanaga
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohiro Kadoma
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoruko Shinbu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiro Tozuka
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akari Murata
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunichi Nishima
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yozo Sato
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Nakamichi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Matsumoto
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rintaro Noro
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Terasaki
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kubota
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Seike
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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104
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Yan W, Qiu L, Yang M, Xu A, Ma M, Yuan Q, Ma X, Liang W, Li X, Lu Y. CXCL10 mediates CD8 + T cells to facilitate vessel normalization and improve the efficacy of cetuximab combined with PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors in colorectal cancer. Cancer Lett 2023:216263. [PMID: 37354983 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
The immunotherapy and anti-EGFR targeted treatment occupying a pivotal position in colorectal cancer (CRC), is still limited to a group of patients who display specific molecular alterations and inevitably escape from resistance, further studies are still needed in colorectal cancer. We found that chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) expression correlates with intratumoral CD8+ T cell infiltration and reprograms tumor vasculatures in colorectal cancer. CXCL10 overexpression not only suppressed tumor growth but also increased CD8+ T cell infiltration and induced tumor vascular normalization in vivo. Additionally, the growth inhibition and tumor vascular normalization induced by CXCL10 can be reversed by the depletion of CD8+ T cells in vivo. Mechanically, CXCL10 interacts with VCAN to mediate tumor vascular normalization. The VCAN expression correlated inversely with the expression of CXCL10 and the infiltration of CD8+ T cells in CRC. Elevated CXCL10 expression sensitized colorectal cancer cells to cetuximab/anti-PD1 combination therapy compared with cetuximab or anti-PD1 alone. We propose that CXCL10 could be used to increase the anti-EGFR therapy and immunotherapy effect, targeting both tumor vessels and immune cells in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yan
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, 1023 South Shatai Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Lin Qiu
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Meiling Yang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, 1023 South Shatai Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Anran Xu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, 1023 South Shatai Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Manqi Ma
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, 1023 South Shatai Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Qinzi Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, 1023 South Shatai Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Xiaochen Ma
- Biomaterials Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Wenjuan Liang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, 1023 South Shatai Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Xuenong Li
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, 1023 South Shatai Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Yanxia Lu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, 1023 South Shatai Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
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105
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Fernandez MF, Choi J, Sosman J. New Approaches to Targeted Therapy in Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3224. [PMID: 37370834 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It was just slightly more than a decade ago when metastatic melanoma carried a dismal prognosis with few, if any, effective therapies. Since then, the evolution of cancer immunotherapy has led to new and effective treatment approaches for melanoma. However, despite these advances, a sizable portion of patients with advanced melanoma have de novo or acquired resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors. At the same time, therapies (BRAF plus MEK inhibitors) targeting the BRAFV600 mutations found in 40-50% of cutaneous melanomas have also been critical for optimizing management and improving patient outcomes. Even though immunotherapy has been established as the initial therapy in most patients with cutaneous melanoma, subsequent effective therapy is limited to BRAFV600 melanoma. For all other melanoma patients, driver mutations have not been effectively targeted. Numerous efforts are underway to target melanomas with NRAS mutations, NF-1 LOF mutations, and other genetic alterations leading to activation of the MAP kinase pathway. In this era of personalized medicine, we will review the current genetic landscape, molecular classifications, emerging drug targets, and the potential for combination therapies for non-BRAFV600 melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Felipe Fernandez
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jacob Choi
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jeffrey Sosman
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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106
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Colombo I, Karakasis K, Suku S, Oza AM. Chasing Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Ovarian Cancer: Novel Combinations and Biomarker Discovery. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3220. [PMID: 37370830 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A deep understanding of the tumor microenvironment and the recognition of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes as a prognostic factor have resulted in major milestones in immunotherapy that have led to therapeutic advances in treating many cancers. Yet, the translation of this knowledge to clinical success for ovarian cancer remains a challenge. The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors as single agents or combined with chemotherapy has been unsatisfactory, leading to the exploration of alternative combination strategies with targeted agents (e.g., poly-ADP-ribose inhibitors (PARP)and angiogenesis inhibitors) and novel immunotherapy approaches. Among the different histological subtypes, clear cell ovarian cancer has shown a higher sensitivity to immunotherapy. A deeper understanding of the mechanism of immune resistance within the context of ovarian cancer and the identification of predictive biomarkers remain central discovery benchmarks to be realized. This will be critical to successfully define the precision use of immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Colombo
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Via A. Gallino, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Katherine Karakasis
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Sneha Suku
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Amit M Oza
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
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107
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Zhang J, Zou Z, Tan J, Shi J, Yang H, Wang H, Zhou J, Xue J. Efficacy and Safety Analysis of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors plus Angiogenesis Inhibitors for the Treatment of Advanced Driver-negative NSCLC in Elderly Patients: A Retrospective Study. J Cancer 2023; 14:1623-1634. [PMID: 37325057 PMCID: PMC10266243 DOI: 10.7150/jca.83719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) combined with angiogenesis inhibitors may have synergistic effects in elderly patients with advanced driver-negative NSCLC, but its true efficacy remains unclear. In addition, chemotherapy tolerance in elderly NSCLC patients is poor, and the precise identification of the population that may benefit from ICIs combined with angiogenesis inhibitors is also the focus of current research. Methods: We retrospectively compared the efficacy and safety of ICIs combined with or without antiangiogenic agents in elderly patients with advanced driver-gene negative NSCLC ≥65 years of age in the Cancer Center of Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University. The primary endpoint was PFS. Secondary endpoints were OS, ORR, and immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Results: A total of 36 patients in the IA group (immune checkpoint inhibitors plus angiogenesis inhibitors group) and 43 patients in the NIA group (immune checkpoint inhibitors without angiogenesis inhibitors group) were enrolled in the study between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2021. The median follow-up time for patients in the IA group and NIA group was 18.2 months (95%CI: 14 - 22.5 months) and 21.4 months (95%CI: 16.7 -26.1 months), respectively. The median PFS and median OS were longer in the IA group compared to the NIA group (8.1 months vs 5.3 months; HR for PFS: 0.778, 95%CI: 0.474-1.276, P=0.32; NA vs 30.9 months; HR for OS: 0.795, 95%CI: 0.396-1.595, P=0.519). There were no significant differences in median PFS and median OS between the two groups. Subgroup analysis showed that patients in the IA group had significantly longer PFS in the subgroup with PD-L1 expression ≥50% (P=0.017), and the association between different groups and disease progression was still different in the two subgroups (P for interaction = 0.002). There was no significant difference in ORR between the two groups (23.3% vs 30.5%, P=0.465). The incidence of irAEs in the IA group was lower than that in the NIA group (39.5% vs 19.4%, P=0.05), and the cumulative incidence of treatment interruptions due to irAEs was significantly reduced (P=0.045). Conclusion: In elderly patients with advanced driver-negative NSCLC, the addition of antiangiogenic agents to ICIs therapy did not provide significant clinical benefit, but the incidence of irAEs and treatment interruptions due to irAEs was significantly reduced. In the subgroup analysis, we found that the clinical benefit of this combination therapy was observed in patients with PD-L1 expression ≥50%, which warrants further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215001, China
| | - Zhonghua Zou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215001, China
| | - Jie Tan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215001, China
| | - Jianping Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215001, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215001, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Jundong Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215001, China
| | - Jing Xue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215001, China
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108
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Cao Y, Langer R, Ferrara N. Targeting angiogenesis in oncology, ophthalmology and beyond. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:476-495. [PMID: 37041221 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00671-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an essential process in normal development and in adult physiology, but can be disrupted in numerous diseases. The concept of targeting angiogenesis for treating diseases was proposed more than 50 years ago, and the first two drugs targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), bevacizumab and pegaptanib, were approved in 2004 for the treatment of cancer and neovascular ophthalmic diseases, respectively. Since then, nearly 20 years of clinical experience with anti-angiogenic drugs (AADs) have demonstrated the importance of this therapeutic modality for these disorders. However, there is a need to improve clinical outcomes by enhancing therapeutic efficacy, overcoming drug resistance, defining surrogate markers, combining with other drugs and developing the next generation of therapeutics. In this Review, we examine emerging new targets, the development of new drugs and challenging issues such as the mode of action of AADs and elucidating mechanisms underlying clinical benefits; we also discuss possible future directions of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Robert Langer
- David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Napoleone Ferrara
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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109
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He Y, Zhan L, Shi J, Xiao M, Zuo R, Wang C, Liu Z, Gong W, Chen L, Luo Y, Zhang S, Wang Y, Chen L, Guo H. The Combination of R848 with Sorafenib Enhances Antitumor Effects by Reprogramming the Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Facilitating Vascular Normalization in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207650. [PMID: 37083239 PMCID: PMC10288281 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Novel promising strategies for combination with sorafenib are urgently needed to enhance its clinical benefit and overcome toxicity in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). the molecular and immunomodulatory antitumor effects of sorafenib alone and in combination with the new immunotherapeutic agent R848 are presented. Syngeneic HCC mouse model is presented to explore the antitumor effect and safety of three sorafenib doses alone, R848 alone, or their combination in vivo. R848 significantly enhances the sorafenib antitumor activity at a low subclinical dose with no obvious toxic side effects. Furthermore, the combination therapy reprograms the tumor immune microenvironment by increasing antitumor macrophages and neutrophils and preventing immunosuppressive signaling. Combination treatment promotes classical M1 macrophage-to-FTH1high M1 macrophage transition. The close interaction between neutrophils/classical M1 macrophages and dendritic cells promotes tumor antigen presentation to T cells, inducing cytotoxic CD8+ T cell-mediated antitumor immunity. Additionally, low-dose sorafenib, alone or combined with R848, normalizes the tumor vasculature, generating a positive feedback loop to support the antitumor immune environment. Therefore, the combination therapy reprograms the HCC immune microenvironment and normalizes the vasculature, improving the therapeutic benefit of low-dose sorafenib and minimizing toxicity, suggesting a promising novel immunotherapy (R848) and targeted therapy (tyrosine kinase inhibitors) combination strategy for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao He
- Department of Tumor Cell BiologyTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalTianjin300060China
- National Clinical Research Center for CancerKey Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin300060China
| | - Linlin Zhan
- Department of Tumor Cell BiologyTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalTianjin300060China
- National Clinical Research Center for CancerKey Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin300060China
| | - Jian Shi
- Institute of Precision MedicineThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Manyu Xiao
- School of PharmacyMinzu University of ChinaBeijing10081China
| | - Ran Zuo
- Department of Tumor Cell BiologyTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalTianjin300060China
- National Clinical Research Center for CancerKey Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin300060China
| | - Chengmeng Wang
- Department of Tumor Cell BiologyTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalTianjin300060China
- National Clinical Research Center for CancerKey Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin300060China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Department of Tumor Cell BiologyTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalTianjin300060China
- National Clinical Research Center for CancerKey Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin300060China
| | - Wenchen Gong
- National Clinical Research Center for CancerKey Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin300060China
- Department of PathologyTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalTianjin300060China
| | - Liwei Chen
- Department of Tumor Cell BiologyTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalTianjin300060China
- National Clinical Research Center for CancerKey Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin300060China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Tumor Cell BiologyTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalTianjin300060China
- National Clinical Research Center for CancerKey Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin300060China
| | - Shaojun Zhang
- Medical Research InstituteGuangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhou510080China
| | - Youwei Wang
- Institute of Medical Engineering & Translational MedicineTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
| | - Lu Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for CancerKey Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin300060China
- Department of Hepatobiliary CancerLiver Cancer Research CenterTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalTianjin300060China
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Tumor Cell BiologyTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalTianjin300060China
- National Clinical Research Center for CancerKey Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin300060China
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110
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Shibutani T, Goto R, Miyazaki I, Hashimoto A, Suzuki T, Ishida K, Haruma T, Osada T, Harada T, Fujita H, Ohkubo S. Modulation of tumor immune microenvironment by TAS-115, a multi-receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, promotes antitumor immunity and contributes anti-PD-1 antibody therapy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8821. [PMID: 37258621 PMCID: PMC10232527 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35985-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
TAS-115 is an oral multi-receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor that strongly inhibits kinases implicated in antitumor immunity, such as colony stimulating factor 1 receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor. Because these kinases are associated with the modulation of immune pathways, we investigated the immunomodulatory activity of TAS-115. An in vitro cytokine assay revealed that TAS-115 upregulated interferon γ (IFNγ) and interleukin-2 secretion by T cells, suggesting that TAS-115 activated T cells. Gene expression analysis suggested that TAS-115 promoted M1 macrophage differentiation. In in vivo experiments, although TAS-115 exerted a moderate antitumor effect in the MC38 mouse colorectal cancer model under immunodeficient conditions, this effect was enhanced under immunocompetent conditions. Furthermore, combination of TAS-115 and anti-PD-1 antibody exhibited greater antitumor activity than either treatment alone. Flow cytometry analysis showed the increase in IFNγ- and granzyme B (Gzmb)-secreting tumor-infiltrating T cells by TAS-115 treatment. The combination treatment further increased the percentage of Gzmb+CD8+ T cells and decreased the percentage of macrophages compared with either treatment alone. These results highlight the potential therapeutic effect of TAS-115 in combination with PD-1 blockade, mediated via activation of antitumor immunity by TAS-115.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Shibutani
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Risa Goto
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Isao Miyazaki
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hashimoto
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Keiji Ishida
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tomonori Haruma
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Osada
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takafumi Harada
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hidenori Fujita
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shuichi Ohkubo
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Li B, Jin J, Guo D, Tao Z, Hu X. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Combined with Targeted Therapy: The Recent Advances and Future Potentials. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2858. [PMID: 37345194 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the therapeutic landscape of cancer and have been widely approved for use in the treatment of diverse solid tumors. Targeted therapy has been an essential part of cancer treatment for decades, and in most cases, a special drug target is required. Numerous studies have confirmed the synergistic effect of combining ICIs with targeted therapy. For example, triple therapy of PD-L1 inhibitor atezolizumab plus BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib and MEK inhibitor cobimetinib has been approved as the first-line treatment in advanced melanoma patients with BRAFV600 mutations. However, not all combinations of ICIs and targeted therapy work. Combining ICIs with EGFR inhibitors in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR mutations only triggered toxicities and did not improve efficacy. Therefore, the efficacies of combinations of ICIs and different targeted agents are distinct. This review firstly and comprehensively covered the current status of studies on the combination of ICIs mainly referring to PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors and targeted drugs, including angiogenesis inhibitors, EGFR/HER2 inhibitors, PARP inhibitors and MAPK/ERK signaling pathway inhibitors, in the treatment of solid tumors. We discussed the underlying mechanisms, clinical efficacies, side effects, and potential predictive biomarkers to give an integrated view of the combination strategy and provide perspectives for future directions in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Department of Breast and Urologic Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Juan Jin
- Department of Breast and Urologic Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Duancheng Guo
- Department of Breast and Urologic Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhonghua Tao
- Department of Breast and Urologic Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xichun Hu
- Department of Breast and Urologic Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Ferrarotto R, Sousa LG, Feng L, Mott F, Blumenschein G, Altan M, Bell D, Bonini F, Li K, Marques-Piubelli ML, Dal Lago EA, Johnson JJ, Mitani Y, Godoy M, Lee A, Kupferman M, Hanna E, Glisson BS, Elamin Y, El-Naggar A. Phase II Clinical Trial of Axitinib and Avelumab in Patients With Recurrent/Metastatic Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:2843-2851. [PMID: 36898078 PMCID: PMC10414730 DOI: 10.1200/jco.22.02221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We conducted a phase II trial evaluating the efficacy of VEGFR inhibitor axitinib and PD-L1 inhibitor avelumab in patients with recurrent/metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma (R/M ACC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Eligible patients had R/M ACC with progression within 6 months before enrollment. Treatment consisted of axitinib and avelumab. The primary end point was objective response rate (ORR) per RECIST 1.1; secondary end points included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and toxicity. Simon's optimal two-stage design tested the null hypothesis of ORR ≤5% versus ORR ≥20% at 6 months; ≥4 responses in 29 patients would reject the null hypothesis. RESULTS Forty patients enrolled from July 2019 to June 2021; 28 were evaluable for efficacy (six screen failures; six evaluable for safety only). The confirmed ORR was 18% (95% CI, 6.1 to 36.9); there was one unconfirmed partial response (PR). Two patients achieved PR after 6 months; thus, the ORR at 6 months was 14%. The median follow-up time for surviving patients was 22 months (95% CI, 16.6 to 39.1 months). The median PFS was 7.3 months (95% CI, 3.7 to 11.2 months), 6-month PFS rate was 57% (95% CI, 41 to 78), and median OS was 16.6 months (95% CI, 12.4 to not reached months). Most common treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) included fatigue (62%), hypertension (32%), and diarrhea (32%). Ten (29%) patients had serious TRAEs, all grade 3; four patients (12%) discontinued avelumab, and nine patients (26%) underwent axitinib dose reduction. CONCLUSION The study reached its primary end point with ≥4 PRs in 28 evaluable patients (confirmed ORR of 18%). The potential added benefit of avelumab to axitinib in ACC requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Ferrarotto
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Luana G. Sousa
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Lei Feng
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Frank Mott
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - George Blumenschein
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Mehmet Altan
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Diana Bell
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Flavia Bonini
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Kaiyi Li
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Mario L. Marques-Piubelli
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Eduardo A. Dal Lago
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jason J. Johnson
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Yoshitsugu Mitani
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Myrna Godoy
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Anna Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Michael Kupferman
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Ehab Hanna
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Bonnie S. Glisson
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Yasir Elamin
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Adel El-Naggar
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Kim HS, Park SC, Kim HJ, Lee DY. Inhibition of DAMP actions in the tumoral microenvironment using lactoferrin-glycyrrhizin conjugate for glioblastoma therapy. Biomater Res 2023; 27:52. [PMID: 37210579 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00391-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) released from the tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in the tumor progression. HMGB1 serves as a damaged-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) that induces tumor angiogenesis and its development. Glycyrrhizin (GL) is an effective intracellular antagonist of tumor released HMGB1, but its pharmacokinetics (PK) and delivery to tumor site is deficient. To address this shortcoming, we developed lactoferrin-glycyrrhizin (Lf-GL) conjugate. METHODS Biomolecular interaction between Lf-GL and HMGB1 was evaluated by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) binding affinity assay. Inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and development by Lf-GL attenuating HMGB1 action in the tumor microenvironment was comprehensively evaluated through in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. Pharmacokinetic study and anti-tumor effects of Lf-GL were investigated in orthotopic glioblastoma mice model. RESULTS Lf-GL interacts with lactoferrin receptor (LfR) expressed on BBB and GBM, therefore, efficiently inhibits HMGB1 in both the cytoplasmic and extracellular regions of tumors. Regarding the tumor microenvironment, Lf-GL inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth by blocking HMGB1 released from necrotic tumors and preventing recruitment of vascular endothelial cells. In addition, Lf-GL improved the PK properties of GL approximately tenfold in the GBM mouse model and reduced tumor growth by 32%. Concurrently, various biomarkers for tumor were radically diminished. CONCLUSION Collectively, our study demonstrates a close association between HMGB1 and tumor progression, suggesting Lf-GL as a potential strategy for coping with DAMP-related tumor microenvironment. HMGB1 is a tumor-promoting DAMP in the tumor microenvironment. The high binding capability of Lf-GL to HMGB1 inhibits tumor progression cascade such as tumor angiogenesis, development, and metastasis. Lf-GL targets GBM through interaction with LfR and allows to arrest HMGB1 released from the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, Lf-GL can be a GBM treatment by modulating HMGB1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Shik Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, and BK FOUR Biopharmaceutical Innovation Leader for Education and Research Group, Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Hanyang University, and Elixir Pharmatech Inc, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Chan Park
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, and BK FOUR Biopharmaceutical Innovation Leader for Education and Research Group, Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Hanyang University, and Elixir Pharmatech Inc, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jin Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, and BK FOUR Biopharmaceutical Innovation Leader for Education and Research Group, Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Hanyang University, and Elixir Pharmatech Inc, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, and BK FOUR Biopharmaceutical Innovation Leader for Education and Research Group, Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Hanyang University, and Elixir Pharmatech Inc, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST) & Institute For Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research (IBBR), Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
- Elixir Pharmatech Inc., Seoul, 07463, Republic of Korea.
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Liu ZL, Chen HH, Zheng LL, Sun LP, Shi L. Angiogenic signaling pathways and anti-angiogenic therapy for cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:198. [PMID: 37169756 PMCID: PMC10175505 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01460-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 111.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is a complex and dynamic process regulated by various pro- and anti-angiogenic molecules, which plays a crucial role in tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. With the advances in molecular and cellular biology, various biomolecules such as growth factors, chemokines, and adhesion factors involved in tumor angiogenesis has gradually been elucidated. Targeted therapeutic research based on these molecules has driven anti-angiogenic treatment to become a promising strategy in anti-tumor therapy. The most widely used anti-angiogenic agents include monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway. However, the clinical benefit of this modality has still been limited due to several defects such as adverse events, acquired drug resistance, tumor recurrence, and lack of validated biomarkers, which impel further research on mechanisms of tumor angiogenesis, the development of multiple drugs and the combination therapy to figure out how to improve the therapeutic efficacy. Here, we broadly summarize various signaling pathways in tumor angiogenesis and discuss the development and current challenges of anti-angiogenic therapy. We also propose several new promising approaches to improve anti-angiogenic efficacy and provide a perspective for the development and research of anti-angiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Ling Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan-Huan Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-Li Zheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-Ping Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China.
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China.
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Awasthi N, Schwarz MA, Kaurich Q, Zhang C, Hilberg F, Schwarz RE. Enhancing gastric cancer conventional chemotherapy effects by triple angiokinase inhibitor nintedanib in preclinical models. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1145999. [PMID: 37234980 PMCID: PMC10206228 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1145999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Systemic chemotherapy is a preferred treatment option for advanced and recurrent GAC, but response rates and survival prolongation remain limited. Tumor angiogenesis plays a critical role in GAC growth, invasion and metastasis. We investigated the antitumor efficacy of nintedanib, a potent triple angiokinase inhibitor for VEGFR-1/2/3, PDGFR-α/β and FGFR-1/2/3, alone or in combination with chemotherapy, in preclinical models of GAC. Methods Animal survival studies were performed in peritoneal dissemination xenografts in NOD/SCID mice using human GAC cell lines MKN-45 and KATO-III. Tumor growth inhibition studies were performed in subcutaneous xenografts in NOD/SCID mice using human GAC cell lines MKN-45 and SNU-5. The mechanistic evaluation involved Immunohistochemistry analyses in tumor tissues obtained from subcutaneous xenografts. In vitro cell viability assays were performed using a colorimetric WST-1 reagent. Results In MKN-45 GAC cell-derived peritoneal dissemination xenografts, animal survival was improved by nintedanib (33%), docetaxel (100%) and irinotecan (181%), while oxaliplatin, 5-FU and epirubicin had no effect. The addition of nintedanib to docetaxel (157%) or irinotecan (214%) led to a further extension in animal survival. In KATO-III GAC cell-derived xenografts carrying FGFR2 gene amplification, nintedanib extended survival by 209%. Again, the addition of nintedanib further enhanced the animal survival benefits of docetaxel (273%) and irinotecan (332%). In MKN-45 subcutaneous xenografts, nintedanib, epirubicin, docetaxel and irinotecan reduced tumor growth (range: 68-87%), while 5-FU and oxaliplatin had a smaller effect (40%). Nintedanib addition to all chemotherapeutics demonstrated a further reduction in tumor growth. Subcutaneous tumor analysis revealed that nintedanib attenuated tumor cell proliferation, reduced tumor vasculature and increased tumor cell death. Conclusion Nintedanib showed notable antitumor efficacy and significantly improved taxane or irinotecan chemotherapy responses. These findings indicate that nintedanib, alone and in combination with a taxane or irinotecan, has the potential for improving clinical GAC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan Awasthi
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN, United States
- Harper Cancer Research Institute. University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Margaret A. Schwarz
- Harper Cancer Research Institute. University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN, United States
| | - Quinn Kaurich
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN, United States
| | - Changhua Zhang
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Frank Hilberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Regional Center Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Jang S, Strickland B, Finis L, Kooijman JJ, Melis JJTM, Zaman GJR, Van Tornout J. Comparative biochemical kinase activity analysis identifies rivoceranib as a highly selective VEGFR2 inhibitor. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2023; 91:491-499. [PMID: 37148323 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-023-04534-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), a key regulator of tumor angiogenesis, is highly expressed across numerous tumor types and has been an attractive target for anti-cancer therapy. However, clinical application of available VEGFR2 inhibitors has been challenged by limited efficacy and a wide range of side effects, potentially due to inadequate selectivity for VEGFR2. Thus, development of potent VEGFR2 inhibitors with improved selectivity is needed. Rivoceranib is an orally administered tyrosine kinase inhibitor that potently and selectively targets VEGFR2. A comparative understanding of the potency and selectivity of rivoceranib and approved inhibitors of VEGFR2 is valuable to inform rationale for therapy selection in the clinic. Here, we performed biochemical analyses of the kinase activity of VEGFR2 and of a panel of 270 kinases to compare rivoceranib to 10 FDA-approved kinase inhibitors ("reference inhibitors") with known activity against VEGFR2. Rivoceranib demonstrated potency within the range of the reference inhibitors, with a VEGFR2 kinase inhibition IC50 value of 16 nM. However, analysis of residual kinase activity of the panel of 270 kinases showed that rivoceranib displayed greater selectivity for VEGFR2 compared with the reference inhibitors. Differences in selectivity among compounds within the observed range of potency of VEGFR2 kinase inhibition are clinically relevant, as toxicities associated with available VEGFR2 inhibitors are thought to be partly due to their effects against kinases other than VEGFR2. Together, this comparative biochemical analysis highlights the potential for rivoceranib to address clinical limitations associated with off-target effects of currently available VEGFR2 inhibitors.
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Fernandez-Cuesta L, Sexton-Oates A, Bayat L, Foll M, Lau SCM, Leal T. Spotlight on Small-Cell Lung Cancer and Other Lung Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2023; 43:e390794. [PMID: 37229617 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_390794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Lung neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) encompass a spectrum of neoplasms that are subdivided into the well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors comprising the low- and intermediate-grade typical and atypical carcinoids, respectively, and the poorly differentiated, high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas including large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas and small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). Here, we review the current morphological and molecular classifications of the NENs on the basis of the updated WHO Classification of Thoracic Tumors and discuss the emerging subclassifications on the basis of molecular profiling and the potential therapeutic implications. We focus on the efforts in subtyping SCLC, a particularly aggressive tumor with few treatment options, and the recent advances in therapy with the adoption of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the frontline setting for patients with extensive-stage SCLC. We further highlight the promising immunotherapy strategies in SCLC that are currently under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynnette Fernandez-Cuesta
- Rare Cancers Genomics Team, Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer IARC-WHO, Lyons, France
| | - Alexandra Sexton-Oates
- Rare Cancers Genomics Team, Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer IARC-WHO, Lyons, France
| | - Leyla Bayat
- Department of Medical Oncology, NYU Langone Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Matthieu Foll
- Rare Cancers Genomics Team, Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer IARC-WHO, Lyons, France
| | - Sally C M Lau
- Department of Medical Oncology, NYU Langone Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Ticiana Leal
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
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118
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Ursino C, Mouric C, Gros L, Bonnefoy N, Faget J. Intrinsic features of the cancer cell as drivers of immune checkpoint blockade response and refractoriness. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1170321. [PMID: 37180110 PMCID: PMC10169604 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1170321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade represents the latest revolution in cancer treatment by substantially increasing patients' lifetime and quality of life in multiple neoplastic pathologies. However, this new avenue of cancer management appeared extremely beneficial in a minority of cancer types and the sub-population of patients that would benefit from such therapies remain difficult to predict. In this review of the literature, we have summarized important knowledge linking cancer cell characteristics with the response to immunotherapy. Mostly focused on lung cancer, our objective was to illustrate how cancer cell diversity inside a well-defined pathology might explain sensitivity and refractoriness to immunotherapies. We first discuss how genomic instability, epigenetics and innate immune signaling could explain differences in the response to immune checkpoint blockers. Then, in a second part we detailed important notions suggesting that altered cancer cell metabolism, specific oncogenic signaling, tumor suppressor loss as well as tight control of the cGAS/STING pathway in the cancer cells can be associated with resistance to immune checkpoint blockade. At the end, we discussed recent evidences that could suggest that immune checkpoint blockade as first line therapy might shape the cancer cell clones diversity and give rise to the appearance of novel resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Julien Faget
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Univ Montpellier, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France
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Yin Y, Yan Y, Fan B, Huang W, Zhang J, Hu HY, Li X, Xiong D, Chou SL, Xiao Y, Wang H. Novel Combination Therapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer based on an Intelligent Hollow Carbon Sphere. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0098. [PMID: 37223478 PMCID: PMC10202191 DOI: 10.34133/research.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer with high mortality, and the efficacy of monotherapy for TNBC is still disappointing. Here, we developed a novel combination therapy for TNBC based on a multifunctional nanohollow carbon sphere. This intelligent material contains a superadsorbed silicon dioxide sphere, sufficient loading space, a nanoscale hole on its surface, a robust shell, and an outer bilayer, and it could load both programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) small-molecule immune checkpoints and small-molecule photosensitizers with excellent loading contents, protect these small molecules during the systemic circulation, and achieve accumulation of them in tumor sites after systemic administration followed by the application of laser irradiation, thereby realizing dual attack of photodynamic therapy and immunotherapy on tumors. Importantly, we integrated the fasting-mimicking diet condition that can further enhance the cellular uptake efficiency of nanoparticles in tumor cells and amplify the immune responses, further enhancing the therapeutic effect. Thus, a novel combination therapy "PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade + photodynamic therapy + fasting-mimicking diet"was developed with the aid of our materials, which eventually achieved a marked therapeutic effect in 4T1-tumor-bearing mice. The concept can also be applied to the clinical treatment of human TNBC with guiding significance in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yin
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yaping Yan
- College of Materials Engineering, Henan University of Engineering, Xinzheng 451191, China
| | - Biao Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wenping Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hai-Yan Hu
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Li
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Dongbin Xiong
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 415000, China
| | - Shu-Lei Chou
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hai Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Tran TT, Caulfield J, Zhang L, Schoenfeld D, Djureinovic D, Chiang VL, Oria V, Weiss SA, Olino K, Jilaveanu LB, Kluger HM. Lenvatinib or anti-VEGF in combination with anti-PD-1 differentially augments antitumor activity in melanoma. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e157347. [PMID: 36821392 PMCID: PMC10132152 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.157347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting tumor-associated blood vessels to increase immune infiltration may enhance treatment effectiveness, yet limited data exist regarding anti-angiogenesis effects on the tumor microenvironment (TME). We hypothesized that dual targeting of angiogenesis with immune checkpoints would improve both intracranial and extracranial disease. We used subcutaneous and left ventricle melanoma models to evaluate anti-PD-1/anti-VEGF and anti-PD-1/lenvatinib (pan-VEGFR inhibitor) combinations. Cytokine/chemokine profiling and flow cytometry were performed to assess signaling and immune-infiltrating populations. An in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) model was utilized to study intracranial treatment effects on endothelial integrity and leukocyte transmigration. Anti-PD-1 with either anti-VEGF or lenvatinib improved survival and decreased tumor growth in systemic melanoma murine models; treatment increased Th1 cytokine/chemokine signaling. Lenvatinib decreased tumor-associated macrophages but increased plasmacytoid DCs early in treatment; this effect was not evident with anti-VEGF. Both lenvatinib and anti-VEGF resulted in decreased intratumoral blood vessels. Although anti-VEGF promoted endothelial stabilization in an in vitro BBB model, while lenvatinib did not, both regimens enabled leukocyte transmigration. The combined targeting of PD-1 and VEGF or its receptors promotes enhanced melanoma antitumor activity, yet their effects on the TME are quite different. These studies provide insights into dual anti-PD-1 and anti-angiogenesis combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy T. Tran
- Yale School of Medicine and Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jasmine Caulfield
- Yale School of Medicine and Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- Yale School of Medicine and Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - David Schoenfeld
- Yale School of Medicine and Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Dijana Djureinovic
- Yale School of Medicine and Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Veronica L. Chiang
- Yale School of Medicine and Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Victor Oria
- Yale School of Medicine and Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sarah A. Weiss
- Yale School of Medicine and Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kelly Olino
- Yale School of Medicine and Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lucia B. Jilaveanu
- Yale School of Medicine and Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Harriet M. Kluger
- Yale School of Medicine and Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Liu S, Kumari S, He H, Mishra P, Singh BN, Singh D, Liu S, Srivastava P, Li C. Biosensors integrated 3D organoid/organ-on-a-chip system: A real-time biomechanical, biophysical, and biochemical monitoring and characterization. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 231:115285. [PMID: 37058958 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
As a full-fidelity simulation of human cells, tissues, organs, and even systems at the microscopic scale, Organ-on-a-Chip (OOC) has significant ethical advantages and development potential compared to animal experiments. The need for the design of new drug high-throughput screening platforms and the mechanistic study of human tissues/organs under pathological conditions, the evolving advances in 3D cell biology and engineering, etc., have promoted the updating of technologies in this field, such as the iteration of chip materials and 3D printing, which in turn facilitate the connection of complex multi-organs-on-chips for simulation and the further development of technology-composite new drug high-throughput screening platforms. As the most critical part of organ-on-a-chip design and practical application, verifying the success of organ model modeling, i.e., evaluating various biochemical and physical parameters in OOC devices, is crucial. Therefore, this paper provides a logical and comprehensive review and discussion of the advances in organ-on-a-chip detection and evaluation technologies from a broad perspective, covering the directions of tissue engineering scaffolds, microenvironment, single/multi-organ function, and stimulus-based evaluation, and provides a more comprehensive review of the progress in the significant organ-on-a-chip research areas in the physiological state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liu
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Department of Medical Genetics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Shikha Kumari
- School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hongyi He
- West China School of Medicine & West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Parichita Mishra
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Bhisham Narayan Singh
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Divakar Singh
- School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sutong Liu
- Juxing College of Digital Economics, Haikou University of Economics, Haikou, 570100, China
| | - Pradeep Srivastava
- School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Chenzhong Li
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong(Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518172, China.
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Tanizaki S, Matsumoto K, Tamiya A, Taniguchi Y, Matsuda Y, Uchida J, Ueno K, Kawachi H, Tamiya M, Yanase T, Suzuki H, Okishio K. Sequencing strategies with ramucirumab and docetaxel following prior treatments for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a multicenter retrospective cohort study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 79:503-511. [PMID: 36773042 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-023-03452-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ramucirumab (RAM) and docetaxel (DOC) are commonly used after first-line therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Therefore, we aimed to elucidate sequencing strategies of RAM and DOC following prior treatments, including immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), cytotoxic agent (CTx) alone, bevacizumab (BEV), and tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). METHODS We recruited patients with NSCLC who received RAM and DOC and compared the groups with and without prior ICI, CTx alone, BEV, and TKI, respectively. By tumor response to such treatments, the patients were further classified into "complete response (CR) + partial response (PR)," "stable disease," and "progressive disease" groups, respectively. We compared RAM and DOC efficacy among these groups. RESULTS In total, 237 patients were registered. In the group with prior ICI, the objective response rate and disease control rate were significantly higher than those without prior ICI (p = 0.012 and 0.028, respectively), and the median progression-free survival (PFS) was also significantly longer (p = 0.027). There were no significant differences in PFS between the groups with and without CTx alone, BEV, and TKI. Multivariate analysis revealed that prior ICI was an independent factor associated with better PFS. Furthermore, the prior ICI group with CR + PR significantly prolonged PFS compared to the group without prior ICI (p = 0.013). CONCLUSION RAM and DOC may be preferably administered after ICI, rather than after CTx alone, BEV, or TKI, and, furthermore, enhanced if the prior ICI has a favorable tumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Tanizaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kinnosuke Matsumoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, 1180 Nagasone-Cho, Kita-Ku, Sakai City, Osaka, 591-8555, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tamiya
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, 1180 Nagasone-Cho, Kita-Ku, Sakai City, Osaka, 591-8555, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiko Taniguchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, 1180 Nagasone-Cho, Kita-Ku, Sakai City, Osaka, 591-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Matsuda
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, 1180 Nagasone-Cho, Kita-Ku, Sakai City, Osaka, 591-8555, Japan
| | - Junji Uchida
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyonobu Ueno
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hayato Kawachi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Motohiro Tamiya
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Yanase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Osaka Habikino Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Suzuki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Osaka Habikino Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Okishio
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, 1180 Nagasone-Cho, Kita-Ku, Sakai City, Osaka, 591-8555, Japan
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
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Zou Y, Xu Y, Chen X, Zheng L. Advances in the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors in gynecological tumors. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109774. [PMID: 37012881 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoints are regulatory molecules that suppress immune effector cells, and are essential for maintaining tolerance, preventing autoimmune reactions, and minimizing tissue damage by controlling the duration and intensity of the immune responses. However, immune checkpoints are frequently upregulated during cancer and dampen the anti-tumor immune responses. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been effective against multiple tumors, and have improved patients' survival outcomes. Recent clinical trials have also reported promising therapeutic effects of ICIs in some gynecological cancers. AIM To review the current research and future directions in the treatment of gynecological malignancies, including ovarian, cervical and endometrial cancers, using ICIs. CONCLUSION Currently, cervical and ovarian cancers are the only gynecological tumors that are treated by immunotherapeutic approaches. In addition, ICIs, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)- and T cell receptor (TCR)-engineered T cells targeting endometrial tumors, especially those originating in the vulva and fallopian tubes, are under development. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of ICIs, especially in combination with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, anti-angiogenesis drugs and poly ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi), needs to be elucidated. Furthermore, novel predictive biomarkers have to be identified in order to increase the therapeutic efficacy of ICIs while reducing adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- YingGang Zou
- Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Ying Xu
- Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - XiaoChen Chen
- Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Lianwen Zheng
- Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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Li X, Yang X, Xue W, Yang R, He Z, Ai L, Liu H. Identification of gene signatures related to hypoxia and angiogenesis in pancreatic cancer to aid immunotherapy and prognosis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1119763. [PMID: 37064125 PMCID: PMC10098147 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1119763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundOne of the most diverse tumors is pancreatic cancer (PC), which makes predicting the prognosis challenging. PC development is directly related to hypoxia, angiogenesis, and immunotherapy. It is still unclear how the three features are related.MethodsThe Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were employed to obtain sequencing data for healthy pancreatic tissues and PC tissues, respectively. According to the constructed hypoxic prognostic model (HPM) and angiogenic prognostic model (APM), 4 subtypes of PC were identified. Hypoxia and angiogenesis prognostic model (HAPM) was established based on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between high-angiogenesis/high-hypoxia (HH) and low-angiogenesis/low-hypoxia (LL) subgroups. Base on the median risk score, PC patients were separated into high-risk and low-risk groups, and clinical traits, prognosis, percentage of immune cell infiltration, PD-1 expression, and the fraction of T-cell depletion were compared between the groups. Finally, the predictive accuracy of the tumor immune dysfunction and rejection (TIDE) and tumor inflammatory signature (TIS) models, as well as HAPM, was compared.ResultWe analyzed the mRNA sequencing data from 178 PC tissues and 171 normal pancreatic tissues to obtain 9527 DEGs. We discovered 200 genes linked with hypoxia and 36 genes involved with angiogenesis through the literature. We found the core genes related with hypoxia and angiogenesis in PC by intersecting the DEGs of the HH and LL subgroups with those of PC via WGCNA. IL-17 signaling pathway, ECM-receptor interactions, cytokine receptor interactions, etc. were all enriched in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) results of core genes. HAPM has good predictive efficiency, according to an evaluation of KM survival curves and ROC curves. The external dataset also validated the model’s ability to anticipate outcomes. Patients in the high- and low-risk groups were compared for PD1 expression and T-cell exclusion scores, which suggested that the model might be used to forecast which PC patients might benefit from immunotherapy.ConclusionsThe probable molecular processes connecting hypoxia and angiogenesis are described in this work, and a model is developed that may be utilized to forecast the prognosis for PC patients and the benefits of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiushen Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, The People’s Hospital of Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiqi Xue
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiwei He
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lisha Ai
- Department of Teaching and Research, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases and Carson International Cancer, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Liu,
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Shen J, Yan J, Du J, Li X, Wei J, Liu Q, Yong H, Wang X, Chang X, Ding Z, Sun W, Liu C, Zhu S, Guo J, Li H, Liu Y, Zhang W, Liu Z, Li R, Liu B. Multicenter, single-arm, phase II study (CAP) of radiotherapy plus liposomal irinotecan followed by camrelizumab and anti-angiogenic treatment in advanced solid tumors. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1133689. [PMID: 37056765 PMCID: PMC10086408 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1133689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionCombination therapeutic mode is likely to be the key to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy in a wider range of cancer patients. Herein, we conducted an open-label, single-arm, multicenter, phase II clinical trial that enrolled patients with advanced solid tumors who had progressed after standard treatments.MethodsRadiotherapy of 24 Gy/3 fractions/3-10 days was given to the targeted lesions. Liposomal irinotecan (80mg/m2, dose could be adjusted to 60 mg/m2 for intolerable cases) was intravenously (IV) administered once within 48 hours after radiotherapy. Then, camrelizumab (200mg IV, q3w) and anti-angiogenic drugs were given regularly until disease progression. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) in the target lesions evaluated by investigators per RECIST 1.1. The secondary endpoints were disease control rate (DCR) and treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs).ResultsBetween November 2020 and June 2022, 60 patients were enrolled. The median follow-up was 9.0 months (95% confidence interval (CI) 5.5-12.5). Of 52 evaluable patients, the overall ORR and DCR were 34.6% and 82.7%, respectively. Fifty patients with target lesions were evaluable, the ORR and DCR of the target lesions were 35.3% and 82.4%, respectively. The median progression-free survival was 5.3 months (95% CI 3.6, 6.2), and the median overall survival was not reached. TRAEs (all grades) occurred in 55 (91.7%) patients. The most common grade 3-4 TRAEs were lymphopenia (31.7%), anemia (10.0%), and leukopenia (10.0%).ConclusionThe combination of radiotherapy, liposomal irinotecan, camrelizumab, and anti-angiogenesis therapy demonstrated promising anti-tumor activity and well tolerance in various advanced solid tumors.Clinical trial registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/home, identifier NCT04569916.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shen
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Yan
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Du
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jia Wei
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qin Liu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongmei Yong
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People’s Hospital of Huai’an, Huai’an, China
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhou Ding
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wu Sun
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenxi Liu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sihui Zhu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingyi Guo
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huajun Li
- Department of Clinical Research and Development, Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Clinical Research and Development, Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Wulou Zhang
- Department-II of General Surgery, Nanjing Jiangbei Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Zonghang Liu
- Department-II of General Surgery, Nanjing Jiangbei Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Rutian Li
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Baorui Liu, ; Rutian Li,
| | - Baorui Liu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Baorui Liu, ; Rutian Li,
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Reck M, Popat S, Grohé C, Corral J, Novello S, Gottfried M, Brueckl W, Radonjic D, Kaiser R, Heymach J. Anti-angiogenic agents for NSCLC following first-line immunotherapy: Rationale, recent updates, and future perspectives. Lung Cancer 2023; 179:107173. [PMID: 36940614 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), with or without chemotherapy, as first-line treatment for patients who do not have actionable mutations has proved to be a major paradigm shift in the management of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the transition of ICIs, such as pembrolizumab and nivolumab, to a first-line setting has left an unmet need for effective second-line treatment options, which is an area of intense research. In 2020, we reviewed the biological and mechanistic rationale for anti-angiogenic agents in combination with, or following, immunotherapy with the aim of eliciting a so called 'angio-immunogenic' switch in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we review the latest clinical evidence of the benefits of incorporating anti-angiogenic agents into treatment regimens. While there is a paucity of prospective data, several recent observational studies indicate that the marketed anti-angiogenic drugs, nintedanib or ramucirumab, are effective in combination with docetaxel following immuno-chemotherapy. Addition of anti-angiogenics, like bevacizumab, have also demonstrated clinical benefit when combined with first-line immuno-chemotherapy regimens. Ongoing clinical trials are assessing these agents in combination with ICIs, with encouraging early results (e.g., ramucirumab plus pembrolizumab in LUNG-MAP S1800A). Also, several emerging anti-angiogenic agents combined with ICIs are currently being assessed in phase III trials following immunotherapy, including lenvatinib (LEAP-008), and sitravatinib (SAPPHIRE) It is hoped that these trials will help expand second-line treatment options in patients with NSCLC. Areas of focus in the future will include further molecular dissection of the mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapy and the various response-progression profiles to immunotherapy observed in the clinic and the monitoring of the dynamics of immunomodulation over the course of treatment. Improved understanding of these phenomena may help identify clinical biomarkers and inform the optimal use of anti-angiogenics in the treatment of individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Reck
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Airway Research Center North (ARCN) Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), LungenClinic, Großhansdorf, Germany.
| | - Sanjay Popat
- Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jesus Corral
- Clínica Universidad de Navarra en Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Novello
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | | | - Wolfgang Brueckl
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Nuremberg Lung Cancer Center, General Hospital Nuremberg, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Dejan Radonjic
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Rolf Kaiser
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - John Heymach
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Review of New Advances with Focus on Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy. LIVERS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/livers3010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
With an expected incidence of more than 1 million cases by 2025, liver cancer remains a problem for world health. With over 90% of cases, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent kind of liver cancer. In this review, we presented the range of experimental therapeutics for patients with advanced HCC, the successes and failures of new treatments, areas for future development, the evaluation of dose-limiting toxicity in different drugs, and the safety profile in patients with liver dysfunction related to the underlying chronic liver disease. In addition to the unmet demand for biomarkers to guide treatment decisions and the burgeoning fields of immunotherapy and systemic therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma, the development of old and new drugs, including their failures and current advancements, has been reviewed. This review aims to evaluate the updated optimal clinical treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinomas in clinical practice, mainly through targeted therapy. Although surgical treatment can significantly enhance the survival probability of early and intermediate-stage patients, it is unsuitable for most HCC patients due to a lack of donors. Due to their severe toxicity, the few first-line anti-HCC drugs, such as sorafenib, are often reserved for advanced HCC patients for whom other therapies have failed. The second-line drugs are usually alternatives for patients with intolerance or resistance. Consequently, the ongoing growth of possible preclinical drugs and studies on miRNAs, lncRNAs, and numerous other signaling pathway targets for developing novel drugs may introduce additional treatment prospects for HCC.
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Himmels P, Nguyen TTT, Mitzner MC, Arrazate A, Yeung S, Burton J, Clark R, Totpal K, Jesudason R, Yang A, Solon M, Eastham J, Modrusan Z, Webster JD, Lo AA, Piskol R, Ye W. T cell-dependent bispecific antibodies alter organ-specific endothelial cell-T cell interaction. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e55532. [PMID: 36621885 PMCID: PMC9986820 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical studies demonstrate that T cell-dependent bispecific antibodies (TDBs) induce systemic changes in addition to tumor killing, leading to adverse events. Here, we report an in-depth characterization of acute responses to TDBs in tumor-bearing mice. Contrary to modest changes in tumors, rapid and substantial lymphocyte accumulation and endothelial cell (EC) activation occur around large blood vessels in normal organs including the liver. We hypothesize that organ-specific ECs may account for the differential responses in normal tissues and tumors, and we identify a list of genes selectively upregulated by TDB in large liver vessels. Using one of the genes as an example, we demonstrate that CD9 facilitates ICAM-1 to support T cell-EC interaction in response to soluble factors released from a TDB-mediated cytotoxic reaction. Our results suggest that multiple factors may cooperatively promote T cell infiltration into normal organs as a secondary response to TDB-mediated tumor killing. These data shed light on how different vascular beds respond to cancer immunotherapy and may help improve their safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Himmels
- Department of Molecular OncologyGenentechSouth San FranciscoCAUSA
| | | | - Maresa Caunt Mitzner
- Department of Molecular OncologyGenentechSouth San FranciscoCAUSA
- Product DevelopmentGenentechSouth San FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Alfonso Arrazate
- Department of Translational OncologyGenentechSouth San FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Stacey Yeung
- Department of Molecular OncologyGenentechSouth San FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Jeremy Burton
- Department of Molecular OncologyGenentechSouth San FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Robyn Clark
- Department of Translational OncologyGenentechSouth San FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Klara Totpal
- Department of Translational OncologyGenentechSouth San FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Raj Jesudason
- Department of Research PathologyGenentechSouth San FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Angela Yang
- GSK‐Laboratory for Genomic ResearchSan FranciscoCAUSA
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, and Next Generation Sequencing (MPL‐NGS)GenentechSouth San FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Margaret Solon
- Department of Research PathologyGenentechSouth San FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Jeffrey Eastham
- Department of Research PathologyGenentechSouth San FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Zora Modrusan
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, and Next Generation Sequencing (MPL‐NGS)GenentechSouth San FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Joshua D Webster
- Department of Research PathologyGenentechSouth San FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Amy A Lo
- Department of Research PathologyGenentechSouth San FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Robert Piskol
- Department of Oncology BioinformaticsGenentechSouth San FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Weilan Ye
- Department of Molecular OncologyGenentechSouth San FranciscoCAUSA
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129
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Zhang L, Wang W, Ge S, Li H, Bai M, Duan J, Yang Y, Ning T, Liu R, Wang X, Ji Z, Wang F, Zhang H, Ba Y, Deng T. Sintilimab Plus Apatinib and Chemotherapy as Second‑/Third-Line treatment for Advanced Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma: a prospective, Single-Arm, phase II trial. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:211. [PMID: 36872337 PMCID: PMC9985926 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10661-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis of patients with previously treated advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer remains poor. Given the robust development of immunotherapy and targeted therapy during the last decades, we aimed to investigate if the combination of traditional second-line chemotherapy with sintilimab and apatinib could bring survival benefits for these patients. METHODS In this single-center, single-arm, phase II trial, patients with previously treated advanced gastric or GEJ adenocarcinoma received specific dose level of intravenous paclitaxel or irinotecan (investigator's choice), 200 mg intravenous sintilimab on day 1, and 250 mg oral apatinib once daily continuously in each cycle until disease progression, intolerable toxicity, or withdrawal of consent. The primary endpoints were objective response rate and progression-free survival. The secondary endpoints were mainly overall survival and safety. RESULTS From May 2019 to May 2021, 30 patients were enrolled. At the data cutoff date (March 19, 2022), the median follow-up duration was 12.3 months and 53.6% (95% CI, 33.9-72.5%) patients achieved objective response. The median progression-free survival and overall survival were 8.5 months (95% CI, 5.4-11.5) and 12.5 months (95% CI, 3.7-21.3), respectively. Grade 3-4 adverse events included hematological toxicities, elevated alanine aminotransferase, elevated aspartate aminotransferase, elevated alkaline phosphatase, elevated gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, hyperbilirubinemia and proteinuria. The most frequent grade 3-4 adverse event was neutropenia (13.3%). No serious treatment-related adverse events or treatment-related deaths occurred. CONCLUSION Sintilimab plus apatinib and chemotherapy demonstrates promising anti-tumor activity with manageable safety profile in patients with previously treated advanced gastric or GEJ cancer. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05025033, 27/08/2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 300060, Tianjin, China
| | - Weixue Wang
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 300060, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaohua Ge
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 300060, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 300060, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Bai
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 300060, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingjing Duan
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 300060, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuchong Yang
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 300060, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Ning
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 300060, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 300060, Tianjin, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 300060, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi Ji
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 300060, Tianjin, China
| | - Feixue Wang
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 300060, Tianjin, China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 300060, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Ba
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 300060, Tianjin, China.
| | - Ting Deng
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 300060, Tianjin, China.
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130
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Venkatesh D, Merghoub T. Paving the Way for Cancer Therapy a Nano Step at a Time. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023; 384:327-330. [PMID: 36822843 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Venkatesh
- Department of Pharmacology and Edward Meyer Cancer Center and Ludwig Collaborative and Swim Across America Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Taha Merghoub
- Department of Pharmacology and Edward Meyer Cancer Center and Ludwig Collaborative and Swim Across America Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
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131
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Stefanini B, Ielasi L, Chen R, Abbati C, Tonnini M, Tovoli F, Granito A. TKIs in combination with immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2023; 23:279-291. [PMID: 36794716 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2023.2181162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The treatment landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has significantly changed over the last 5 years with multiple options in the frontline, second line, and beyond. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) were the first approved systemic treatments for the advanced stage of HCC; however, thanks to the increasing knowledge and characterization of the immunological features of the tumor microenvironment, the systemic treatment of HCC has been further expanded with the immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) approach and the following evidence of the higher efficacy obtained with combined treatment with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab over sorafenib. AREAS COVERED In this review, we look at rationale, efficacy, and safety profiles of current and emerging ICI/TKI combination treatments and discuss the available results from other clinical trials using similar combinatorial therapeutic approaches. EXPERT OPINION Angiogenesis and immune evasion are the two key pathogenic hallmarks of HCC. While the pioneering regimen of atezolizumab/bevacizumab is consolidating as the first-line treatment of advanced HCC, it will be essential, in the near future, to determine the best second-line treatment options and how to optimize the selection of the most effective therapies. These points still need to be addressed by future studies that are largely warranted to enhance the treatment's effectiveness and ultimately to tackle down HCC lethality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Stefanini
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Ielasi
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rusi Chen
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Abbati
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Tonnini
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Tovoli
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Granito
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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132
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Liu Z, Xu J, Liu M, Hu W, Xu N, Zhu D. Efficacy and safety of angiogenesis inhibitors plus immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced soft tissue sarcoma: a real-world, single-center study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3385. [PMID: 36854710 PMCID: PMC9974953 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30412-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis inhibitors (AIs) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are new treatment options for advanced soft tissue sarcoma (STS) patients. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of AIs plus ICIs in patients with advanced STS. A retrospective cohort study was performed on STS patients treated with AIs and ICIs at Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute between August 2020 and December 2021. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR); secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS), and adverse events. Thirty-three patients were enrolled; 27 were evaluable for objective response. The ORR and DCR were 48.1% (95% CI 30.7-66.0%) and 85.2% (95% CI 67.5-94.1%). With a median follow-up of 7.6 months (range, 0.8-25.5), the median PFS for all 33 patients was 8.90 months (95% CI 5.98-11.82). The median OS was not reached. The most common treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) of any grade were hypertension (50.0%), ECG T-wave abnormality (30.0%), hypothyroidism (26.7%), elevated alanine aminotransferase or aspartate aminotransferase (23.3%), elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (23.3%), and fatigue (16.7%). The most common grade 3-4 TRAE was hypertension (27.3%). Three serious TRAEs (two myocarditis and one rapid atrial fibrillation) were recorded. This study suggests that adding AIs to ICIs is beneficial in STS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengjun Liu
- Rare Tumors Department, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Rare Tumors Department, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Mengyao Liu
- Rare Tumors Department, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Wenyu Hu
- Rare Tumors Department, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Ni Xu
- Rare Tumors Department, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Dongyuan Zhu
- Rare Tumors Department, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China.
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133
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Identification of fibrocyte cluster in tumors reveals the role in antitumor immunity by PD-L1 blockade. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112162. [PMID: 36870329 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent clinical trials revealed that immune checkpoint inhibitors and antiangiogenic reagent combination therapy improved the prognosis of various cancers. We investigated the roles of fibrocytes, collagen-producing monocyte-derived cells, in combination immunotherapy. Anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) antibody increases tumor-infiltrating fibrocytes and enhances the antitumor effects of anti-PD-L1 (programmed death ligand 1) antibody in vivo. Single-cell RNA sequencing of tumor-infiltrating CD45+ cells identifies a distinct "fibrocyte cluster" from "macrophage clusters" in vivo and in lung adenocarcinoma patients. A sub-clustering analysis reveals a fibrocyte sub-cluster that highly expresses co-stimulatory molecules. CD8+ T cell-costimulatory activity of tumor-infiltrating CD45+CD34+ fibrocytes is enhanced by anti-PD-L1 antibody. Peritumoral implantation of fibrocytes enhances the antitumor effect of PD-L1 blockade in vivo; CD86-/- fibrocytes do not. Tumor-infiltrating fibrocytes acquire myofibroblast-like phenotypes through transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)/small mothers against decapentaplegic (SMAD) signaling. Thus, TGF-βR/SMAD inhibitor enhances the antitumor effects of dual VEGF and PD-L1 blockade by regulating fibrocyte differentiation. Fibrocytes are highlighted as regulators of the response to programmed death 1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 blockade.
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134
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Russano M, La Cava G, Cortellini A, Citarella F, Galletti A, Di Fazio GR, Santo V, Brunetti L, Vendittelli A, Fioroni I, Pantano F, Tonini G, Vincenzi B. Immunotherapy for Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Therapeutic Advances and Biomarkers. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:2366-2387. [PMID: 36826142 PMCID: PMC9955173 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30020181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment paradigm of non-small cell lung cancer and improved patients' prognosis. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have quickly become standard frontline treatment for metastatic non-oncogene addicted disease, either as a single agent or in combination strategies. However, only a few patients have long-term benefits, and most of them do not respond or develop progressive disease during treatment. Thus, the identification of reliable predictive and prognostic biomarkers remains crucial for patient selection and guiding therapeutic choices. In this review, we provide an overview of the current strategies, highlighting the main clinical challenges and novel potential biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Russano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06225411252
| | - Giulia La Cava
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Cortellini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Citarella
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Galletti
- Division of Medical Oncology, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, 00152 Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Rita Di Fazio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Santo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Leonardo Brunetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Vendittelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Iacopo Fioroni
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Pantano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tonini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Vincenzi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
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135
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Jeong KY. Challenges to addressing the unmet medical needs for immunotherapy targeting cold colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:215-224. [PMID: 36908316 PMCID: PMC9994045 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i2.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
With the establishment of the immune surveillance mechanism since the 1950s, attempts have been made to activate the immune system for cancer treatment through the discovery of various cytokines or the development of antibodies up to now. The fruits of these efforts have contributed to the recognition of the 3rd generation of anticancer immunotherapy as the mainstream of cancer treatment. However, the limitations of cancer immunotherapy are also being recognized through the conceptual establishment of cold tumors recently, and colorectal cancer (CRC) has become a major issue from this therapeutic point of view. Here, it is emphasized that non-clinical strategies to overcome the immunosuppressive environment and clinical trials based on these basic investigations are being made on the journey to achieve better treatment outcomes for the treatment of cold CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun-Yeong Jeong
- Research and Development Center, PearlsinMires, Seoul 03690, South Korea
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136
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The Combination of Immune Checkpoint Blockade with Tumor Vessel Normalization as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Breast Cancer: An Overview of Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043226. [PMID: 36834641 PMCID: PMC9964596 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have a modest clinical activity when administered as monotherapy against breast cancer (BC), the most common malignancy in women. Novel combinatorial strategies are currently being investigated to overcome resistance to ICIs and promote antitumor immune responses in a greater proportion of BC patients. Recent studies have shown that the BC abnormal vasculature is associated with immune suppression in patients, and hampers both drug delivery and immune effector cell trafficking to tumor nests. Thus, strategies directed at normalizing (i.e., at remodeling and stabilizing) the immature, abnormal tumor vessels are receiving much attention. In particular, the combination of ICIs with tumor vessel normalizing agents is thought to hold great promise for the treatment of BC patients. Indeed, a compelling body of evidence indicates that the addition of low doses of antiangiogenic drugs to ICIs substantially improves antitumor immunity. In this review, we outline the impact that the reciprocal interactions occurring between tumor angiogenesis and immune cells have on the immune evasion and clinical progression of BC. In addition, we overview preclinical and clinical studies that are presently evaluating the therapeutic effectiveness of combining ICIs with antiangiogenic drugs in BC patients.
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137
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Combined Loco-Regional and Systemic Treatment Strategies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: From Basics to New Developments. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2023; 46:175-186. [PMID: 36478027 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-022-03327-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in systemic therapeutic options have led to improved survival in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. In order to optimize patient outcomes across different disease stages, attempts are being made at exploiting combinations of loco-regional treatments and systemic therapeutic regimens. The possibilities of a beneficial synergistic effect are strongly supported by biological evidence of changes in tumor microenvironment and systemic immunity. With the advent of newer interventional technologies and newer biological and immunological drugs, these possibilities keep on gaining interest and expectations, yet many questions remain unanswered as to how to best manipulate and combine the two therapeutic approaches.This review aims at providing a general overview of biological foundations, preliminary clinical applications, critical issues and future directions of this constantly growing field.
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138
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Tan AC, Kobayashi K, Saw SPL, Tan DSW, Lim DWT. Immunotherapy with chemotherapy and anti-angiogenic therapy for EGFR mutated NSCLC: challenging the dogma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2023; 23:117-120. [PMID: 36426628 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2023.2152795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron C Tan
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Keigo Kobayashi
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stephanie P L Saw
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel S W Tan
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Darren Wan-Teck Lim
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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139
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Cunningham C, Bolcaen J, Bisio A, Genis A, Strijdom H, Vandevoorde C. Recombinant Endostatin as a Potential Radiosensitizer in the Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:219. [PMID: 37259367 PMCID: PMC9961924 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most prevalent type of lung cancer, which is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Over the past decades, tumour angiogenesis has been intensely studied in the treatment of NSCLC due to its fundamental role in cancer progression. Several anti-angiogenic drugs, such as recombinant endostatin (RE), have been evaluated in several preclinical and clinical trials, with mixed and often disappointing results. However, there is currently an emerging interest in RE due to its ability to create a vascular normalization window, which could further improve treatment efficacy of the standard NSCLC treatment. This review provides an overview of preclinical and clinical studies that combined RE and radiotherapy for NSCLC treatment. Furthermore, it highlights the ongoing challenges that have to be overcome in order to maximize the benefit; as well as the potential advantage of combinations with particle therapy and immunotherapy, which are rapidly gaining momentum in the treatment landscape of NSCLC. Different angiogenic and immunosuppressive effects are observed between particle therapy and conventional X-ray radiotherapy. The combination of RE, particle therapy and immunotherapy presents a promising future therapeutic triad for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charnay Cunningham
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7602, South Africa
- Radiation Biophysics Division, SSC Laboratory, NRF Ithemba LABS, Cape Town 7131, South Africa
| | - Julie Bolcaen
- Radiation Biophysics Division, SSC Laboratory, NRF Ithemba LABS, Cape Town 7131, South Africa
| | - Alessandra Bisio
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology—CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Amanda Genis
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7602, South Africa
| | - Hans Strijdom
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7602, South Africa
| | - Charlot Vandevoorde
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstr. 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
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140
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Real-World Effectiveness of Sorafenib versus Lenvatinib Combined with PD-1 Inhibitors in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030854. [PMID: 36765812 PMCID: PMC9913272 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) combined with multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitors (MTKIs) exert a synergistic effect and are effective in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC). However, precise data regarding the real-world clinical applications of these combination therapies in uHCC are lacking. This study compared the treatment efficacy of sorafenib versus lenvatinib in combination with programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitors in patients with uHCC in a clinical setting. Among 208 patients with uHCC treated with PD-1 inhibitors, 88 were administered with ICIs in combination with sorafenib or lenvatinib. The treatment response and survival outcomes were evaluated. Predictors of survival were assessed by multivariate analysis. A total of 49 patients were treated with PD-1 inhibitors combined with sorafenib, and 39 patients were treated with PD-1 inhibitors combined with lenvatinib. The lenvatinib group exhibited a stronger objective response rate (ORR) (20.51% vs. 16.33%) and had a higher disease control rate (41.03% vs. 28.57%) than did the sorafenib group. The median overall survival was longer in the lenvatinib group than the sorafenib group (13.1 vs. 7.8 months; hazard ratio = 0.39, p = 0.017). The incidence of treatment-related adverse events was similar. PD-1 inhibitors combined with lenvatinib can be a feasible treatment strategy for HCC patients receiving MTKI-based combination therapy. PD-1 inhibitors combined with lenvatinib resulted in more favorable survival outcomes without increased toxic effects compared with PD-1 inhibitors with sorafenib. Additional larger-scale and prospective studies should be conducted to verify the study results.
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141
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Exploring the Past, Present, and Future of Anti-Angiogenic Therapy in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030830. [PMID: 36765787 PMCID: PMC9913517 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, a WHO grade IV astrocytoma, constitutes approximately half of malignant tumors of the central nervous system. Despite technological advancements and aggressive multimodal treatment, prognosis remains dismal. The highly vascularized nature of glioblastoma enables the tumor cells to grow and invade the surrounding tissue, and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is a critical mediator of this process. Therefore, over the past decade, angiogenesis, and more specifically, the VEGF signaling pathway, has emerged as a therapeutic target for glioblastoma therapy. This led to the FDA approval of bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody designed against VEGF-A, for treatment of recurrent glioblastoma. Despite the promising preclinical data and its theoretical effectiveness, bevacizumab has failed to improve patients' overall survival. Furthermore, several other anti-angiogenic agents that target the VEGF signaling pathway have also not demonstrated survival improvement. This suggests the presence of other compensatory angiogenic signaling pathways that surpass the anti-angiogenic effects of these agents and facilitate vascularization despite ongoing VEGF signaling inhibition. Herein, we review the current state of anti-angiogenic agents, discuss potential mechanisms of anti-angiogenic resistance, and suggest potential avenues to increase the efficacy of this therapeutic approach.
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Jing Y, Zeng H, Cheng R, Tian P, Li Y. [Advances of Immunotherapy Resistance and Coping Strategies
in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2023; 26:66-77. [PMID: 36792083 PMCID: PMC9987066 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2023.102.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has significantly improved clinical outcomes of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), however, along with the popularization of immunotherapy, immune resistance has become an unavoidable problem. Immunotherapy can induce extensive cellular and molecular alterations in the tumor microenvironment. Considering the mechanisms of immune resistance are not yet fully understood and the efficacy of standard chemotherapy regimens is limited, more effective coping strategies based on resistance mechanisms are urgently needed. In this review, we intend to summarize the known mechanisms of immune resistance and feasible strategies, so as to provide a foundation for clinicians to develop more individualized and precise regimens and finally improve patients' prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawan Jing
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China.,West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hao Zeng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China.,West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruixin Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China.,West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Panwen Tian
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China.,Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yalun Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China.,Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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High Expression of DLGAP5 Indicates Poor Prognosis and Immunotherapy in Lung Adenocarcinoma and Promotes Proliferation through Regulation of the Cell Cycle. DISEASE MARKERS 2023; 2023:9292536. [PMID: 36712920 PMCID: PMC9879687 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9292536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the most common types of cancer in the respiratory system, with a high mortality and recurrence rate. The role of disc large-associated protein 5 (DLGAP5) in LUAD progression and tumor microenvironment (TME) remains unclear. This study is aimed at revealing the functional role of DLGAP5 in LUAD based on bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation. Methods Differential expression analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and Cox regression analysis were applied to screen potential prognostic biomarkers. The mRNA and protein levels of DLGAP5 were analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) databases. The CCK-8 and colony formation assays were performed to assess the effect of DLGAP5 on cell proliferation. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and enrichment analyses were utilized to explore the biological functions of DLGAP5. Furthermore, flow cytometry was used to explore the role of DLGAP5 on the cell cycle. The ssGSEA algorithm in the R package "GSVA" was applied to quantify immune infiltrating cells, and the tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) algorithm was used to predict the efficacy of immunotherapy. Moreover, analyses using the cBioPortal and MethSurv databases were performed to evaluate the mutation and methylation of DLGAP5, respectively. Finally, the prognostic value of DLGAP5 was estimated using the TCGA and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. The nomogram model was constructed using the TCGA-LUAD cohort and evaluated by adopting calibration curves, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results DLGAP5 mRNA and protein abundance were significantly elevated in LUAD, and knockdown of DLGAP5 remarkably suppressed lung cancer cell proliferation through induction of cell cycle G1 arrest. In addition, DLGAP5 expression was positively correlated with Th2 cells and negatively correlated with B cells, T follicular helper cells, and mast cells. LUAD patients with high DLGAP5 expression may be resistant to immunotherapy. Hypermethylation levels of the cg23678254 site of DLGAP5 or its enhanced expression were unfavorable for the survival of LUAD patients. Meanwhile, DLGAP5 expression was associated with TNM stages, tumor status, and therapy outcome. Notably, the prognostic model constructed based on DLGAP5 expression exhibited great predictive capability, which was promising for clinical applications. Conclusion DLGAP5 promotes lung cancer cell proliferation through regulation of the cell cycle and is associated with multiple immune infiltrating cells. Furthermore, DLGAP5 predicts poor prognosis and response to immunotherapy in lung adenocarcinoma.
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Yang H, Kang B, Ha Y, Lee SH, Kim I, Kim H, Lee WS, Kim G, Jung S, Rha SY, Gaillard VE, Cheon J, Kim C, Chon HJ. High serum IL-6 correlates with reduced clinical benefit of atezolizumab and bevacizumab in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100672. [PMID: 36866388 PMCID: PMC9972403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims We elucidated the clinical and immunologic implications of serum IL-6 levels in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with atezolizumab and bevacizumab (Ate/Bev). Methods We prospectively enrolled 165 patients with unresectable HCC (discovery cohort: 84 patients from three centres; validation cohort: 81 patients from one centre). Baseline blood samples were analysed using a flow cytometric bead array. The tumour immune microenvironment was analysed using RNA sequencing. Results In the discovery cohort, clinical benefit 6 months (CB6m) was defined as complete or partial response, or stable disease for ≥6 months. Among various blood-based biomarkers, serum IL-6 levels were significantly higher in participants without CB6m than in those with CB6m (mean 11.56 vs. 5.05 pg/ml, p = 0.02). Using maximally selected rank statistics, the optimal cut-off value for high IL-6 was determined as 18.49 pg/ml, and 15.2% of participants were found to have high IL-6 levels at baseline. In both the discovery and validation cohorts, participants with high baseline IL-6 levels had a reduced response rate and worse progression-free and overall survival after Ate/Bev treatment compared with those with low baseline IL-6 levels. In multivariable Cox regression analysis, the clinical implications of high IL-6 levels persisted, even after adjusting for various confounding factors. Participants with high IL-6 levels showed reduced interferon-γ and tumour necrosis factor-α secretion from CD8+ T cells. Moreover, excess IL-6 suppressed cytokine production and proliferation of CD8+ T cells. Finally, participants with high IL-6 levels exhibited a non-T-cell-inflamed immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment. Conclusions High baseline IL-6 levels can be associated with poor clinical outcomes and impaired T-cell function in patients with unresectable HCC after Ate/Bev treatment. Impact and implications Although patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who respond to treatment with atezolizumab and bevacizumab exhibit favourable clinical outcomes, a fraction of these still experience primary resistance. We found that high baseline serum levels of IL-6 correlate with poor clinical outcomes and impaired T-cell response in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with atezolizumab and bevacizumab.
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Key Words
- AFP, alpha-foetoprotein
- Ate/Bev, atezolizumab and bevacizumab
- Atezolizumab
- BCLC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer
- Bevacizumab
- CB6m, clinical benefit 6 months
- CONSORT, Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials
- CR, complete response
- CRAFITY, C-reactive protein and AFP in immunotherapy
- CTLA-4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4
- DC, dendritic cell
- ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group
- FFPE, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HR, hazard ratio
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- IFN-γ, interferon-γ
- IL-6
- Immunotherapy
- MDSC, myeloid-derived suppressor cell
- MSI, microsatellite instability
- MVI, macrovascular invasion
- ORR, objective response rate
- OS, overall survival
- PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell
- PD, progressive disease
- PD-1, programmed-death-1
- PD-L1, programmed-death ligand-1
- PFS, progression-free survival
- PR, partial response
- RECIST, Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours
- SD, stable disease
- TME, tumour microenvironment
- TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor-α
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Yang
- Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Beodeul Kang
- Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea,Yonsei Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonjung Ha
- Department of Gastroenterology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Lee
- Department of Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilhwan Kim
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyeong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Suk Lee
- Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwangil Kim
- Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Jung
- Department of Radiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Rha
- Yonsei Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jaekyung Cheon
- Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors. Address: Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13496, Republic of Korea. Tel.: +82-31-780-7590; Fax: +82-31-780-3929.
| | - Chan Kim
- Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors. Address: Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13496, Republic of Korea. Tel.: +82-31-780-7590; Fax: +82-31-780-3929.
| | - Hong Jae Chon
- Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors. Address: Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13496, Republic of Korea. Tel.: +82-31-780-7590; Fax: +82-31-780-3929.
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Kang J, Xiang X, Chen X, Jiang J, Zhang Y, Li L, Tang J. Angiogenesis-related gene signatures reveal the prognosis of cervical cancer based on single cell sequencing and co-expression network analysis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1086835. [PMID: 36712973 PMCID: PMC9877352 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1086835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer ranks first in female reproductive tract tumors in terms of morbidity and mortality. Yet the curative effect of patients with persistent, recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer remains unsatisfactory. Although antitumor angiogenic drugs have been recommended as the first-line treatment options for cervical cancer, there are no comprehensive prognostic indicators for cervical cancer based on angiogenic signature genes. In this study, we aimed to develop a model to assess the prognosis of cervical cancer based on angiogenesis-related (AG) signature genes, and to provide some reference for the comprehensive treatment of cervical cancer in the clinical setting. First we screened the AG gene set from GeneCard website, and then performed angiogenesis-related scores (AGS) per cell from single cell sequencing dataset GSE168652, followed by performing weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) for cervical cancer patients according to angiogenesis phenotype. Thus, we established a prognostic model based on AGS by taking the intersection of WGCNA angiogenic module gene and differential gene (DEGs) of GSE168652. The GSE44001 was selected as an external validation set, followed by performing ROC curve analysis to assess its accuracy. The results showed that we successfully constructed a prognostic model related to the AG genes. Patients in the high-AGS group in both the train, test and the validation sets had a worse prognosis than those in the low-AGS group, had lower expression of most immune checkpoint-associated genes and lower tumor mutational burden as well. Patients in the low-AGS group were more sensitive to AMG.706, Bosutinib, and Lenalidomide while Imatinib, Pazopanib, and Sorafenib were more recommended to patients in the high-AGS group. Finally, TXNDC12 and ZC3H13, which have high hazard ratio and poor prognosis in the model, were highly expressed in cervical cancer cell lines and tissue. Meanwhile, the results showed that TXNDC12 promoted the migration of cervical cancer cells and the tubule-forming ability of endothelial cells. In conclusion, our model based on genes with AG features can effectively assess the prognosis of cervical cancer, and can also provide reference for clinicians to choose immune-related treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Pathology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jingwen Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Yong Zhang, ; Lesai Li, ; Jie Tang,
| | - Lesai Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Yong Zhang, ; Lesai Li, ; Jie Tang,
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Yong Zhang, ; Lesai Li, ; Jie Tang,
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146
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John A, Spain L, Hamid AA. Navigating the Current Landscape of Non-Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Review of the Literature. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:923-937. [PMID: 36661719 PMCID: PMC9858145 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (nccRCC) is an entity comprised of a heterogeneous constellation of RCC subtypes. Genomic profiling has broadened our understanding of molecular pathogenic mechanisms unique to individual nccRCC subtypes. To date, clinical trials evaluating the use of immunotherapies and targeted therapies have predominantly been conducted in patients with clear cell histology. A comprehensive review of the literature has been undertaken in order to describe molecular pathogenic mechanisms pertaining to each nccRCC subtype, and concisely summarise findings from therapeutic trials conducted in the nccRCC space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexius John
- Department of Medical Oncology, Eastern Health, Melbourne, VIC 3128, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Lavinia Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Anis A. Hamid
- Department of Medical Oncology, Eastern Health, Melbourne, VIC 3128, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3128, Australia
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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Lybaert L, Lefever S, Fant B, Smits E, De Geest B, Breckpot K, Dirix L, Feldman SA, van Criekinge W, Thielemans K, van der Burg SH, Ott PA, Bogaert C. Challenges in neoantigen-directed therapeutics. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:15-40. [PMID: 36368320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2022.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A fundamental prerequisite for the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy is the presence of functional, antigen-specific T cells within the tumor. Neoantigen-directed therapy is a promising strategy that aims at targeting the host's immune response against tumor-specific antigens, thereby eradicating cancer cells. Initial forays have been made in clinical environments utilizing vaccines and adoptive cell therapy; however, many challenges lie ahead. We provide an in-depth overview of the current state of the field with an emphasis on in silico neoantigen discovery and the clinical aspects that need to be addressed to unlock the full potential of this therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Evelien Smits
- Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Bruno De Geest
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Dirix
- Translational Cancer Research Unit, Center for Oncological Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Steven A Feldman
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wim van Criekinge
- Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Thielemans
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sjoerd H van der Burg
- Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick A Ott
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Patel SA, Nilsson MB, Le X, Cascone T, Jain RK, Heymach JV. Molecular Mechanisms and Future Implications of VEGF/VEGFR in Cancer Therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:30-39. [PMID: 35969170 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-1366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the sprouting of new blood vessels from existing vessels, is one of six known mechanisms employed by solid tumors to recruit blood vessels necessary for their initiation, growth, and metastatic spread. The vascular network within the tumor facilitates the transport of nutrients, oxygen, and immune cells and is regulated by pro- and anti-angiogenic factors. Nearly four decades ago, VEGF was identified as a critical factor promoting vascular permeability and angiogenesis, followed by identification of VEGF family ligands and their receptors (VEGFR). Since then, over a dozen drugs targeting the VEGF/VEGFR pathway have been approved for approximately 20 solid tumor types, usually in combination with other therapies. Initially designed to starve tumors, these agents transiently "normalize" tumor vessels in preclinical and clinical studies, and in the clinic, increased tumor blood perfusion or oxygenation in response to these agents is associated with improved outcomes. Nevertheless, the survival benefit has been modest in most tumor types, and there are currently no biomarkers in routine clinical use for identifying which patients are most likely to benefit from treatment. However, the ability of these agents to reprogram the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment into an immunostimulatory milieu has rekindled interest and has led to the FDA approval of seven different combinations of VEGF/VEGFR pathway inhibitors with immune checkpoint blockers for many solid tumors in the past 3 years. In this review, we discuss our understanding of the mechanisms of response and resistance to blocking VEGF/VEGFR, and potential strategies to develop more effective therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia A Patel
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Monique B Nilsson
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiuning Le
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Tina Cascone
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rakesh K Jain
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Jafari-Matanagh S, Razavi SE, Ehghaghi Bonab MB, Omidian H, Omidi Y. Multi-dimensional modeling of nanoparticles transportation from capillary bed into the tumor microenvironment. Comput Biol Med 2023; 152:106477. [PMID: 36571940 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.106477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the extravasation of pharmaceutical inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) with a new approach from the leaky endothelium of tumor microvasculature (TMV) into the tumor microenvironment (TME) multi-dimensionally. We proposed a combination of prevailing macroscopic and microscopic methods and addressed the effect of interstitial fluid (IF) retention in solid tumor as an imperative parameter in drug delivery modeling. The Navier-Stokes equations and Darcy's law were utilized for blood flow and porous media, and the Starling's law was brought in for coupling effect. The blood flow was simulated as a non-Newtonian fluid alongside the Newtonian IF. We applied the Galerkin finite element method for the simulations. Our parametric study includes examining the effect of IF retention and TMV pressure on the distribution of tumor interstitial fluid pressure (TIFP), NPs concentration, and diameter on the penetration process, together with the time effect, on two-dimensional (2D) delivery of NPs. Our findings indicate that the IF retention in tumor cells increases TIFP depending on the amount of TMV pressure and IF retained. In addition to doubling pressure in the tumor necrotic region rather than the rest of TME, it enhances the TIFP which is an important parameter in drug delivery to solid tumors. By decreasing pressure drop within the TMV, pressure distribution within the TME becomes more uniform, creating a better condition for homogeneous penetration of NPs. Increasing both inlet pressure and NPs concentration leads to a nonlinear increase in the average concentration of tumor. Decreasing the diameter of NPs increases the penetration of NPs with a higher ratio in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hossein Omidian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA.
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150
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Kim Y, Yang H, Lee WS, Cheon J, Sang YB, Kang B, Chon HJ, Kim C. High levels of baseline serum IL-10 are associated with reduced clinical benefit from first-line immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in advanced renal cell carcinoma. J Cancer 2023; 14:935-942. [PMID: 37151396 PMCID: PMC10158513 DOI: 10.7150/jca.81384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) became a standard treatment for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, clinically valid biomarkers of therapeutic outcome are lacking. We investigated the role of interleukin-10 (IL-10) as a predictive biomarker for first-line ICI therapy in patients with advanced RCC. Baseline serum samples were prospectively collected and analyzed using a cytometric bead assay. Patients were divided into two groups according to their serum IL-10 levels using maximally selected rank statistics. A fraction (13.0%) of patients had high levels of serum IL-10 at baseline. High serum IL-10 levels (> 4.3 ng/mL) were associated with a significantly shorter progression-free (median: 5.2 months vs. not reached, P = 0.007) and overall survival (median: 13.9 months vs. not reached, P < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed the independent association between high serum IL-10 levels and poor survival outcomes. Effector cytokine production and the proliferative response of CD8+ T cells were significantly lower in patients with high serum IL-10 levels, who also had a shorter duration of response to first-line ICI therapy (4.6 months vs. not reached, P < 0.001). In conclusion, elevated serum IL-10 levels at baseline were associated with reduced clinical benefit from first-line ICI therapy in patients with advanced RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngun Kim
- CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hannah Yang
- CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
- Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Won Suk Lee
- CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
- Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jaekyung Cheon
- CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
- Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yun Beom Sang
- CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
- Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Beodeul Kang
- CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
- Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hong Jae Chon
- CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
- Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Chan Kim, M.D., Ph.D. (Lead contact), Associate Professor, Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13496, Korea, E-mail: or (ORCID: 0000-0001-9780-6155) or Hong Jae Chon, M.D., Ph.D., Associate Professor, Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, School of Medicine, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13496, Korea, E-mail: (ORCID: 0000-0002-6979-5812)
| | - Chan Kim
- CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
- Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Chan Kim, M.D., Ph.D. (Lead contact), Associate Professor, Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13496, Korea, E-mail: or (ORCID: 0000-0001-9780-6155) or Hong Jae Chon, M.D., Ph.D., Associate Professor, Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, School of Medicine, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13496, Korea, E-mail: (ORCID: 0000-0002-6979-5812)
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