101
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Chen MH, Chen BW, Xu KL, Su VC. Wide-Angle Optical Metasurface for Vortex Beam Generation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2680. [PMID: 37836321 PMCID: PMC10574251 DOI: 10.3390/nano13192680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have achieved an advancement by integrating wide-angle capacity into vortex beams with an impressive topological charge (TC) of 12. This accomplishment was realized through the meticulous engineering of a propagation-phase-designed metasurface. Comprising gallium nitride (GaN), meta-structures characterized by their high-aspect ratio, this metasurface exhibits an average co-polarization transmission efficiency, reaching a remarkable simulated value of up to 97%. The intricate spiral patterns, along with their respective quantification, have been meticulously investigated through tilt-view scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and were further analyzed through the Mach-Zehnder interferometer. A captivating revelation emerged, a distinctive petal-like interference pattern manifests prior to the metasurface's designed focal distance. The occurrence of this petal-like pattern at a specific z-axis position prompts a deliberate manipulation of the helicity of the spiral branches. This strategic helicity alteration is intrinsically tied to the achievement of a minimized donut diameter at the designed focal length. In regard to the angular capability of the device, the captured images continuously showcase prominent attributes within incident angles spanning up to 30 degrees. However, as incident angles surpass the 30-degree threshold, the measured values diverge from their corresponding theoretical projections, resulting in a progressive reduction in the completeness of the donut-shaped structure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vin-Cent Su
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 36003, Taiwan; (M.-H.C.); (B.-W.C.); (K.-L.X.)
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102
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Tuan PH, Huang LQ. Optical vector fields with kaleidoscopic quasicrystal structures by multiple beam interference. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:33077-33090. [PMID: 37859095 DOI: 10.1364/oe.498717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
An easily accessible approach is proposed to create structured beams with various quasicrystal structures and polarization distributions based on multi-beam interference. By controlling the azimuthally-dependent polarization for Q evenly and circularly distributed beams to be interfered, the intensity and polarization structures for the generated quasicrystal field with Q-fold rotational symmetry are flexibly adjusted. Using the diffraction theory for interfering Q vector Gaussian beams, an analytical wave function is derived to reconstruct the polarization-resolved intensities and the distributions of Stokes parameters measured in the experiment. With good agreement between the numerical and experimental results, the derived wave function is further employed to characterize the propagation-variant states of polarization, providing fundamentally important information for the vector quasicrystal beams.
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103
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Dou X, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Min C, Pereira SF, Yuan X. Transversal optical singularity induced precision measurement of step-nanostructures. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:32840-32848. [PMID: 37859077 DOI: 10.1364/oe.500909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Optical singularities indicate zero-intensity points in space where parameters, such as phase, polarization, are undetermined. Vortex beams such as the Laguerre-Gaussian modes are characterized by a phase factor eilθ, and contain a phase singularity in the middle of its beam. In the case of a transversal optical singularity (TOS), it occurs perpendicular to the propagation, and its phase integral is 2π in nature. Since it emerges within a nano-size range, one expects that TOSs could be sensitive in the light-matter interaction process and could provide a great possibility for accurate determination of certain parameters of nanostructure. Here, we propose to use TOSs generated by a three-wave interference to illuminate a step nanostructure. After interaction with the nanostructure, the TOS is scattered into the far field. The scattering direction can have a relation with the physical parameters of the nanostructure. We show that by monitoring the spatial coordinates of the scattered TOS, its propagation direction can be determined, and as consequence, certain physical parameters of the step nanostructure can be retrieved with high precision.
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104
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Mei H, Gao J, Wang K, Dong J, Gong Q, Wu C, Liu Y, Jiang H, Liu Y. Amplification of light pulses with orbital angular momentum (OAM) in nitrogen ions lasing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:31912-31921. [PMID: 37859005 DOI: 10.1364/oe.500041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen ions pumped by intense femtosecond laser pulses give rise to optical amplification in the ultraviolet range. Here, we demonstrated that a seed light pulse carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) can be significantly amplified in nitrogen plasma excited by a Gaussian femtosecond laser pulse. With the topological charge of ℓ = ±1, we observed an energy amplification of the seed light pulse by two orders of magnitude, while the amplified pulse carries the same OAM as the incident seed pulse. Moreover, we show that a spatial misalignment of the plasma amplifier with the OAM seed beam leads to an amplified emission of Gaussian mode without OAM, due to the special spatial profile of the OAM seed pulse that presents a donut-shaped intensity distribution. Utilizing this misalignment, we can implement an optical switch that toggles the output signal between Gaussian mode and OAM mode. This work not only certifies the phase transfer from the seed light to the amplified signal, but also highlights the important role of spatial overlap of the donut-shaped seed beam with the gain region of the nitrogen plasma for the achievement of OAM beam amplification.
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105
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Desyatnikov AS. Vortex rings in paraxial laser beams. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:31955-31968. [PMID: 37859009 DOI: 10.1364/oe.500950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Interference of a fundamental vortex-free Gaussian beam with a co-propagating plane wave leads to nucleation of a series of vortex rings in the planes transverse to the optical axis; the number of rings grows with vanishing amplitude of the plane wave. In contrast, such interference with a beam carrying on-axis vortex with winding number l results in the formation of |l| rings elongated and gently twisted in propagation direction. The twist handedness of the vortex lines is determined by the interplay between dynamic and geometric phases of the Gaussian beam and the twist angle grows with vanishing amplitude of the plane wave. In the counter-propagating geometry the vortex rings nucleate and twist with half-wavelength period dominated by the interference grating in propagation direction.
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106
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Vogliardi A, Ruffato G, Bonaldo D, Zilio SD, Romanato F. Silicon metaoptics for the compact generation of perfect vector beams in the telecom infrared. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:4925-4928. [PMID: 37707938 DOI: 10.1364/ol.501239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Perfect vortices have attracted considerable attention as orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams with customizable ring-like intensity distribution. More recently, the non-separable combination of perfect vortices with opposite OAMs and spins, yielding so-called perfect vector beams, has further expanded their applications in the fields of optical manipulation and imaging, high-resolution lithography, and telecommunications. Exploiting the combined manipulation of dynamic and geometric phases using silicon anisotropic metaunits, here we present the design, fabrication, and characterization of novel, to the best of our knowledge, dielectric metaoptics for the compact generation of perfect vector beams in the telecom infrared using a single metasurface. These devices pave the way to integrated optical architectures with applications in information and communication technologies in both the classical and quantum regimes.
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107
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Dong L, Fan M, Malomed BA. Stable higher-charge vortex solitons in the cubic-quintic medium with a ring potential. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:4817-4820. [PMID: 37707910 DOI: 10.1364/ol.500054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
We put forward a model for trapping stable optical vortex solitons (VSs) with high topological charges m. The cubic-quintic nonlinear medium with an imprinted ring-shaped modulation of the refractive index is shown to support two branches of VSs, which are controlled by the radius, width, and depth of the modulation profile. While the lower-branch VSs are unstable in their nearly whole existence domain, the upper branch is completely stable. Vortex solitons with m ≤ 12 obey the anti-Vakhitov-Kolokolov stability criterion. The results suggest possibilities for the creation of stable narrow optical VSs with a low power, carrying higher vorticities.
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108
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Luo KH, Ma R, Wu H, Li XY, Zhang CX, Fan DY, Liu J. Flexible generation of broadly wavelength- and OAM-tunable Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) modes from a random fiber laser. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:30639-30649. [PMID: 37710603 DOI: 10.1364/oe.501392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Broadband wavelength tunable Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) mode with flexibly manipulated topological charge is greatly desired for large-capacity optical communication. However, the operating wavelengths achieved for the current LG modes are significantly restricted either by the emission spectrum of the intracavity gain medium or by the operation wavelengths of mode-conversion or modulation components. Here, broadband wavelength-tunable LG modes with a controllable topological charge are generated based on a random fiber laser (RFL) and a digital micromirror device (DMD). The RFL can produce broadly wavelength-tunable laser emissions spanning from 1044 to 1403 nm with a high spectral purity and an excellent beam quality, benefiting from the cascaded random Raman gain starting from a ytterbium fiber based active gain. A commercially available broadband DMD is then utilized to excite the LG modes with a flexibly tunable topological charge of up to 100 order through the super-pixel wavefront shaping technique. The combination of the RFL and the DMD greatly broadens the operating wavelength region of the LG modes to be achieved, which facilitates the capacity scaling-up in the orbital angular momentum multiplexed optical communication application.
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109
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Fan W, Chen T, Tang X, Xu X, Yuan L, Yakovlev VV, Zhu SY, Wang DW, Zhang D. Spatial multiplexing for robust optical vortex transmission with optical nonlinearity. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:31610-31621. [PMID: 37710675 PMCID: PMC10544959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Optical vortex beams, with phase singularity characterized by a topological charge (TC), introduces a new dimension for optical communication, quantum information, and optical light manipulation. However, the evaluation of TCs after beam propagation remains a substantial challenge, impeding practical applications. Here, we introduce vortices in lateral arrays (VOILA), a novel spatial multiplexing approach that enables simultaneous transmission of a lateral array of multiple vortices. Leveraging advanced learning techniques, VOILA effectively decodes TCs, even in the presence of strong optical nonlinearities simulated experimentally. Notably, our approach achieves substantial improvements in single-shot bandwidth, surpassing single-vortex scheme by several orders of magnitude. Furthermore, our system exhibits precise fractional TC recognition in both linear and nonlinear regimes, providing possibilities for high-bandwidth communication. The capabilities of VOILA promise transformative contributions to optical information processing and structured light research, with significant potential for advancements in diverse fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiru Fan
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information and State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, and School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Tianrun Chen
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information and State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, and School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Xiaobin Tang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information and State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, and School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Xingqi Xu
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information and State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, and School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Luqi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | | | - Shi-Yao Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information and State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, and School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Da-Wei Wang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information and State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, and School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Delong Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information and State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, and School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
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110
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Zhao H, Xu J, Hao Y, Xu J, Lu H, Hao H, Zhao T, Li P, Wang P, Li H. Recognition of the orbital-angular-momentum spectrum for hybrid modes existing in a few-mode fiber via a deep learning method. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:30627-30638. [PMID: 37710602 DOI: 10.1364/oe.501065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate that the convolutional neural network (CNN) in combination with the residual blocks and the regression methods can be used to precisely and quickly reconstruct the OAM spectrum of a hybrid OAM mode no matter how the consistent OAM modes have the same or different order indices in both the azimuthal and the radial direction. For cases of the simulation testing, the mean errors of all recognized parameters for hybrid OAM modes in a four-mode fiber (4MF) and a six-mode fiber (6MF) are smaller than 0.003 and 0.008, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that all the OAM modes, probably existing in the core of 4MFs or 6MFs, can be precisely and quickly recognized from intensity distribution of the hybrid OAM mode itself via the deep learning method.
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111
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Liu H, Yan L, Chen H, Liu X, Liu H, Chew SH, Gliserin A, Wang Q, Zhang J. High-order femtosecond vortices up to the 30th order generated from a powerful mode-locked Hermite-Gaussian laser. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:207. [PMID: 37648767 PMCID: PMC10469186 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01241-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond vortex beams are of great scientific and practical interest because of their unique phase properties in both the longitudinal and transverse modes, enabling multi-dimensional quantum control of light fields. Until now, generating femtosecond vortex beams for applications that simultaneously require ultrashort pulse duration, high power, high vortex order, and a low cost and compact laser source has been very challenging due to the limitations of available generation methods. Here, we present a compact apparatus that generates powerful high-order femtosecond vortex pulses via astigmatic mode conversion from a mode-locked Hermite-Gaussian Yb:KGW laser oscillator in a hybrid scheme using both the translation-based off-axis pumping and the angle-based non-collinear pumping techniques. This hybrid scheme enables the generation of femtosecond vortices with a continuously tunable vortex order from the 1st up to the 30th order, which is the highest order obtained from any femtosecond vortex laser source based on a mode-locked oscillator. The average powers and pulse durations of all resulting vortex pulses are several hundred milliwatts and <650 fs, respectively. In particular, 424-fs 11th-order vortex pulses have been achieved with an average power of 1.6 W, several times more powerful than state-of-the-art oscillator-based femtosecond vortex sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Liu
- School of Optical and Electronic Information and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lisong Yan
- School of Optical and Electronic Information and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hongshan Chen
- School of Optical and Electronic Information and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Optical and Electronic Information and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Heyan Liu
- School of Optical and Electronic Information and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Soo Hoon Chew
- Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, South Korea
- Max Planck Center for Attosecond Science, Max Planck POSTECH/Korea Research Initiative, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Alexander Gliserin
- Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, South Korea
- Max Planck Center for Attosecond Science, Max Planck POSTECH/Korea Research Initiative, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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112
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Meng Z, Mochzuki N, Oiwa S, Zhao H, Wang P, Zhu C, Li H. Full C-band covered and DWDM channelized high channel-count all-fiber orbital-angular-momentum mode generator based on the fiber gratings. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:28734-28746. [PMID: 37710687 DOI: 10.1364/oe.494946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
To generate the orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) modes at multiple wavelengths, which exactly fit with the dense-wavelength-division-multiplex (DWDM) channel grids, is important to the DWDM-based OAM mode-division-multiplex (MDM) fiber communication system. In this study, a full C-band covered and DWDM channelized OAM mode generator is firstly proposed and experimentally demonstrated, which is realized especially by using a broadband helical long-period fiber grating (HLPG) combined with a phase-only sampled multichannel fiber Bragg grating (MFBG). As a proof-of-concept example, the DWDM channelized two complementary 51-channel OAM mode generators have been successfully demonstrated, each of which has a channel spacing of 100 GHz (∼0.8 nm), an effective bandwidth of ∼40 nm, a high azimuthal-mode conversion efficiency of 90%, and high uniformities in both inter- and intra-channel spectra as well. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time for proposal and experimental demonstration of such a high channel-count and DWDM channelized first-order OAM mode (l = 1) generator, which can also be used for multichannel higher-order OAM mode generation as long as the utilized HLPG is capable of generating a broadband higher-order OAM mode. The proposed device has potential applications to DWDM-based OAM fiber communications, OAM comb lasers, OAM holography, and OAM sensors as well.
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113
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Liu G, Zhang X, Zhang X, Hu Y, Li Z, Chen Z, Fu S. Spin-orbit Rabi oscillations in optically synthesized magnetic fields. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:205. [PMID: 37640695 PMCID: PMC10462765 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01238-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Rabi oscillation has been proven to be one of the cornerstones of quantum mechanics, triggering substantial investigations in different disciplines and various important applications both in the classical and quantum regimes. So far, two independent classes of wave states in the Rabi oscillations have been revealed as spin waves and orbital waves, while a Rabi wave state simultaneously merging the spin and orbital angular momentum has remained elusive. Here we report on the experimental and theoretical observation and control of spin-orbit-coupled Rabi oscillations in the higher-order regime of light. We constitute a pseudo spin-1/2 formalism and optically synthesize a magnetization vector through light-crystal interaction. We observe simultaneous oscillations of these ingredients in weak and strong coupling regimes, which are effectively controlled by a beam-dependent synthetic magnetic field. We introduce an electrically tunable platform, allowing fine control of transition between different oscillatory modes, resulting in an emission of orbital-angular-momentum beams with tunable topological structures. Our results constitute a general framework to explore spin-orbit couplings in the higher-order regime, offering routes to manipulating the spin and orbital angular momentum in three and four dimensions. The close analogy with the Pauli equation in quantum mechanics, nonlinear optics, etc., implies that the demonstrated concept can be readily generalized to different disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Liu
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiliang Zhang
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yanwen Hu
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Crystal and Laser Technology, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Zhenqiang Chen
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Crystal and Laser Technology, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Shenhe Fu
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Crystal and Laser Technology, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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114
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Sokolenko B, Shostka N, Karakchieva O, Degtyarev S, Vikulin D, Alexeyev C, Yavorsky M. Experimental demonstration of acoustically induced polarization-dependent fiber optical vortex inversion. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:4400-4403. [PMID: 37582042 DOI: 10.1364/ol.498264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
A recently proposed theoretical model of acousto-optic interaction in optical fibers with a traveling flexural acoustic wave of the fundamental order [M.A. Yavorsky, et al., Opt. Lett.44, 598 (2019)10.1364/OL.44.000598] is experimentally examined. We show the effect of inversion of topological charge of optical vortices, which is governed by the direction of incident linear polarization. This vector effect of a coupling of polarization and orbital degrees of freedom proves the inconsistency of the conventional microbending-based model and confirms the recently suggested approach of the description of acousto-optic interaction that is based on the actual displacement vector. In addition, the obtained results demonstrate the realization of a controlled-NOT gate for orbital angular momentum (OAM) states.
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115
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Luo X, Cai Y, Yue X, Zhang Y, Yun F, Li F. Full characterization of vector eigenstates in symmetrically confined systems with photonic spin-orbit coupling. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:27749-27760. [PMID: 37710843 DOI: 10.1364/oe.495899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The photonic spin-orbit (SO) coupling is a widely investigated effect in optical microcavities leading to various interesting physical phenomena and potential applications. We report the full sets of eigenenergies and eigenstates in a symmetrically confined potential under the effect of SO coupling induced by the transverse-electric transverse-magnetic (TE-TM) splitting, which are derived analytically via the degenerate perturbation theory. We obtained the eigenenergies and the eigenstates from the 1st to the 6th orders of excited manifold, and demonstrate unambiguously that universal rules governing the mode formation exist in such complicated photonic systems, making the modes exhibiting the features of solid and hollow skyrmions as well as spin vortices. We show that these eigenstates can be described by the SO coupled hyperspheres that can be decomposed into a series of higher-order Poincare spheres. Our results significantly extend the area of microcavity spin-optronics to the general theory of eigenvalues in confined systems, and provide an efficient theoretical frame for the information processing using microcavity-based high-dimensional vector states.
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116
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Daryabi N, Sabouri SG. Intersecting of circular apertures to measure integer and fractional topological charge of vortex beams. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:28459-28469. [PMID: 37710899 DOI: 10.1364/oe.496425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Diffraction patterns of optical vortex beams (VBs) by differently shaped apertures are used to determine their topological charge (TC). In this paper, we show by simulations and experiments that diffraction of a Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beam by intersecting circular apertures can be used to reveal the TC. The presented aperture structure has the advantage of the measurement of fractional TC in addition to the integer, sensitivity to the sign of TC, and low sensitivity to adjusting apertures. Accordingly, in addition to the integer TC up to 8, the fractional TC is measured with a step of 0.1 by two intersecting circular apertures (TICA). By examining a wide range of similarity criteria between the diffraction pattern of the fractional TC and the pattern of the lower integer TC, three metrics for measuring the fractional TC are found. Furthermore, the determination of integer TC up to 6 for three intersecting circular apertures (THICA) is demonstrated.
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117
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Brimis A, Makris KG, Papazoglou DG. Optical vortices shape optical tornados. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:27582-27593. [PMID: 37710830 DOI: 10.1364/oe.495836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that by seeding an accelerating ring-Airy beam with a finite number of off-axis optical vortices, it transforms into a tornado wave (ToW) upon propagation. Using numerical simulations, we show that both the spiraling high-intensity lobes and the optical vortices exhibit angular acceleration and follow interwinding braid-like trajectories. Likewise, we study the effect of the number, position, and topological charge of the vortices on the propagation dynamics and reveal the connection between optical vortices and optical tornados.
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118
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Geng Y, Hu H, Ma X, Hu X, Chai X, Wang X, Xi S, Zhu Z. Generation and characteristics of hollow structured optical fields based on multiple off-axis vortices. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:27407-27419. [PMID: 37710817 DOI: 10.1364/oe.496295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, various hollow structured optical fields are generated by skillfully adjusting the number and positions of multiple off-axis vortices loaded in a Gaussian beam. The focal-field characteristics of the generated hollow structured optical fields after passing through an ordinary lens are studied based on the scalar diffraction theory. Firstly, a variety of hollow structured optical fields are theoretically simulated by adjusting the number and positions of multiple off-axis vortices loaded in the Gaussian beam. The focal-field characteristics of the hollow structured optical fields after passing through a lens are theoretically analyzed. On this basis, the experiments are implemented in the built optical system for multi-off-axis vortex beam focusing through an ordinary lens. In the experiments, various hollow structured optical fields are detected in CCD which are consistent with the theoretical results. The manipulations of size and rotation direction of the hollow structured optical fields are realized. We believe that this study will contribute to extending the potential applications of off-axis vortex beams in fields such as optical field shaping, optical manipulation and laser processing.
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119
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Gómez-Emilsson A, Percy C. Don't forget the boundary problem! How EM field topology can address the overlooked cousin to the binding problem for consciousness. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1233119. [PMID: 37600559 PMCID: PMC10435742 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1233119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The boundary problem is related to the binding problem, part of a family of puzzles and phenomenal experiences that theories of consciousness (ToC) must either explain or eliminate. By comparison with the phenomenal binding problem, the boundary problem has received very little scholarly attention since first framed in detail by Rosengard in 1998, despite discussion by Chalmers in his widely cited 2016 work on the combination problem. However, any ToC that addresses the binding problem must also address the boundary problem. The binding problem asks how a unified first person perspective (1PP) can bind experiences across multiple physically distinct activities, whether billions of individual neurons firing or some other underlying phenomenon. To a first approximation, the boundary problem asks why we experience hard boundaries around those unified 1PPs and why the boundaries operate at their apparent spatiotemporal scale. We review recent discussion of the boundary problem, identifying several promising avenues but none that yet address all aspects of the problem. We set out five specific boundary problems to aid precision in future efforts. We also examine electromagnetic (EM) field theories in detail, given their previous success with the binding problem, and introduce a feature with the necessary characteristics to address the boundary problem at a conceptual level. Topological segmentation can, in principle, create exactly the hard boundaries desired, enclosing holistic, frame-invariant units capable of effecting downward causality. The conclusion outlines a programme for testing this concept, describing how it might also differentiate between competing EM ToCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chris Percy
- Qualia Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States
- College of Arts, Humanities and Education, University of Derby, Derby, United Kingdom
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120
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Ren H, Maier SA. Nanophotonic Materials for Twisted-Light Manipulation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2106692. [PMID: 34716627 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Twisted light, an unbounded set of helical spatial modes carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM), offers not only fundamental new insights into structured light-matter interactions, but also a new degree of freedom to boost optical and quantum information capacity. However, current OAM experiments still rely on bulky, expensive, and slow-response diffractive or refractive optical elements, hindering today's OAM systems to be largely deployed. In the last decade, nanophotonics has transformed the photonic design and unveiled a diverse range of compact and multifunctional nanophotonic devices harnessing the generation and detection of OAM modes. Recent metasurface devices developed for OAM generation in both real and momentum space, presenting design principle and exemplary devices, are summarized. Moreover, recent development of whispering-gallery-mode-based passive and tunable microcavities, capable of extracting degenerate OAM modes for on-chip vortex emission and lasing, is summarized. In addition, the design principle of different plasmonic devices and photodetectors recently developed for on-chip OAM detection is discussed. Current challenges faced by the nanophotonic field for twisted-light manipulation and future advances to meet these challenges are further discussed. It is believed that twisted-light manipulation in nanophotonics will continue to make significant impact on future development of ultracompact, ultrahigh-capacity, and ultrahigh-speed OAM systems-on-a-chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Ren
- MQ Photonics Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Stefan A Maier
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539, Munich, Germany
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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121
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Lininger A, Palermo G, Guglielmelli A, Nicoletta G, Goel M, Hinczewski M, Strangi G. Chirality in Light-Matter Interaction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2107325. [PMID: 35532188 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The scientific effort to control the interaction between light and matter has grown exponentially in the last 2 decades. This growth has been aided by the development of scientific and technological tools enabling the manipulation of light at deeply sub-wavelength scales, unlocking a large variety of novel phenomena spanning traditionally distant research areas. Here, the role of chirality in light-matter interactions is reviewed by providing a broad overview of its properties, materials, and applications. A perspective on future developments is highlighted, including the growing role of machine learning in designing advanced chiroptical materials to enhance and control light-matter interactions across several scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Lininger
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, 2076 Adelbert Rd, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Giovanna Palermo
- Department of Physics, NLHT-Lab, University of Calabria and CNR-NANOTEC Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Rende, 87036, Italy
| | - Alexa Guglielmelli
- Department of Physics, NLHT-Lab, University of Calabria and CNR-NANOTEC Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Rende, 87036, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Nicoletta
- Department of Physics, NLHT-Lab, University of Calabria and CNR-NANOTEC Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Rende, 87036, Italy
| | - Madhav Goel
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, 2076 Adelbert Rd, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Michael Hinczewski
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, 2076 Adelbert Rd, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Giuseppe Strangi
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, 2076 Adelbert Rd, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Department of Physics, NLHT-Lab, University of Calabria and CNR-NANOTEC Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Rende, 87036, Italy
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122
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Lyu S, Guan Y, Shi X. Orbital angular momentum mode fiber force sensing technology based on intensity interrogation. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:3924-3935. [PMID: 37799677 PMCID: PMC10549749 DOI: 10.1364/boe.495034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Micromanipulation and biological, materials science, and medical applications often require controlling or measuring the forces exerted on small objects. Based on the high linearity and sensitivity of OAM beams in the sensing field, this article proposes for the first time to apply OAM beams to force sensing. In this paper, a fiber optic force sensing technology based on the intensity distribution change of orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode is proposed and realized. This technique detects the magnitude of the external force applied to the fiber by exciting the OAM mode with a topological charge 3, thereby tracking changes in light intensity caused by mode coupling. Applying this technique to force measurement, we have experimentally verified that when the sensor is subjected to a force in the range of 0mN to 10mN, the change in speckle light intensity at the sensor output has a good linear relationship with the force. Meanwhile, theoretical analysis and experimental results indicate that compared with previous force sensing methods, this sensing technology has a simple structure, is easy to implement, has good stability, and has practical application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhan Lyu
- West Nottingham Academy, Colora MD,21917, USA
| | - Yaojun Guan
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Nanosystem and Hierarchy Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xinghua Shi
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Nanosystem and Hierarchy Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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123
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Ding Y, Zhu X, Liu T, Liu Z, Qiu S, Chen X, Ren Y. Detection of a spinning object using a superimposed optical vortex array. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:25889-25899. [PMID: 37710463 DOI: 10.1364/oe.496362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The optical vortex (OV) carries unique orbital angular momentum (OAM) and experiences a Doppler frequency shift when backscattered from a spinning object. This rotational Doppler effect (RDE) has provided a solution for the non-contact detection of rotating motion. The reported RDE researches mainly use a single OV that generates frequency shifts proportional to its topological charge and has low robustness to light incidence. Here, we show the distinctive RDE of superimposed optical vortex array (SOVA). We analyze the holistic OAM of SOVA which is represented in terms of a superposition of azimuthal harmonics and displays a unique modal gathering effect. In the experiment of RDE, the frequency shift signals of SOVA show a precise mapping to the OAM modes and the modal gathering effect contributes to enhance the amplitude of signals, which has the potential to enhance robustness against non-coaxial incidence. This finding provides a new aspect of RDE and a pioneered example for introducing various SOVAs into rotation detection.
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124
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Barshak EV, Lapin BP, Vikulin DV, Yu Fedorov A, Alexeyev CN, Yavorsky MA. SWAP and Fredkin gates for OAM optical beams via the sandwich of anisotropic optical fibers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:26865-26878. [PMID: 37710536 DOI: 10.1364/oe.497114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
We study the propagation of circularly-polarized optical vortices of higher order topological charges ℓ ≥ 2 in a sandwich of multihelical - anisotropic - multihelical fibers on the basis of the Jones formalism for modes with orbital angular momentum. We demonstrate that such a system can operate as the all - fiber two - bit SWAP as well as universal tree - bit controlled-SWAP (Fredkin) gates over states of optical vortices, in which the mode radial number carries the control bit, while circular polarization and topological charge are the controlled bits.
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125
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Kong A, Lei T, Wang D, Tu J, Shen L, Zhang L, Luo J, Fang J, Zhang W, Yuna X. Extending orbital angular momentum multiplexing to radially high orders for massive mode channels in fiber transmission. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:3717-3720. [PMID: 37450733 DOI: 10.1364/ol.495704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams with different angular indices l have the potential to greatly increase communication capacity. However, the finite aperture of optical systems limits the value of the angular index. In order to fully use the orthogonal mode channels supported in the fiber for high-capacity communications, we propose extending the radial indices p of OAM modes as an additional multiplexing dimension. In this paper, we introduce spatially discrete multiple phase planes to multiplex the angular and radial OAM modes simultaneously. Due to the orthogonal property of the central symmetric OAM modes, a two-dimensional (2D) input Gaussian beams array can be converted to coaxial OAM modes through Cartesian to log-polar coordinate transformation by inverse design. For a proof-of-concept demonstration, a 10-mode multiplexer for high-order radial OAM modes was designed using five phase planes. The fabricated multiplexer generated high-quality multiplexed OAM modes with a loss of less than 5.4 dB. The multiplexed OAM modes were coupled into a specially designed ring-core fiber by mode-field matching, achieving stable mode transmission in 2 km fiber. The approach provides a scalable technology to increase the number of transmission channels and could lead to the practical applications of OAM multiplexing in communication.
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126
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Zhang X, Xu Y, Hong B, Zhang F, Wang A, Zhao W. Generation of a Focused THz Vortex Beam from a Spintronic THz Emitter with a Helical Fresnel Zone Plate. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2037. [PMID: 37513048 PMCID: PMC10383332 DOI: 10.3390/nano13142037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Similar to optical vortex beams, terahertz (THz) vortex beams (TVBs) also carry orbital angular momentum (OAM). However, little research has been reported on the generation of TVBs. In this paper, based on the detour phase technique, we design a series of spintronic terahertz emitters with a helical Fresnel zone plate (STE-HFZP) to directly generate focused TVBs with topological charges (TCs) of l = ±1, ±2 and ±3, respectively. The STE-HFZP is a hybrid THz device composed of a terahertz emitter and a THz lens, and it has a high numerical aperture (NA), achieving subwavelength focal spots. Its focus properties are surveyed systemically through accurate simulations. This STE-HFZP can also generate focused TVBs with higher order TCs. More importantly, the components of the focused electric field with OAM make up the majority of the intensity and have potential applications in the field of THz communications, THz imaging and atom trapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Zhang
- Hefei Innovation Research Institute, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Hefei 230013, China
- Anhui High Reliability Chips Engineering Laboratory, Hefei 230013, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Hefei Innovation Research Institute, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Hefei 230013, China
- Anhui High Reliability Chips Engineering Laboratory, Hefei 230013, China
| | - Bin Hong
- Hefei Innovation Research Institute, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Hefei 230013, China
- Anhui High Reliability Chips Engineering Laboratory, Hefei 230013, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Hefei Innovation Research Institute, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Hefei 230013, China
- Anhui High Reliability Chips Engineering Laboratory, Hefei 230013, China
| | - Anting Wang
- Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Weisheng Zhao
- Hefei Innovation Research Institute, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Hefei 230013, China
- Anhui High Reliability Chips Engineering Laboratory, Hefei 230013, China
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127
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Ge H, Liu S, Xu XY, Long ZW, Tian Y, Liu XP, Lu MH, Chen YF. Spatiotemporal Acoustic Vortex Beams with Transverse Orbital Angular Momentum. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:014001. [PMID: 37478448 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.014001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the discovery of optical spatiotemporal (ST) vortex beams with transverse orbital angular momentum (OAM) has attracted increasing attention and is expected to extend the research scope and open new opportunities for practical applications of OAM states. The ST vortex beams are also applicable to other physical fields that involve wave phenomena, and here we develop the ST vortex concept in the field of acoustics and report the generation of Bessel-type ST acoustic vortex beams. The ST vortex beams are fully characterized using the scalar approach for the pressure field and the vector approach for the velocity field. We further investigate the transverse spreading effect and construct ST vortex beams with an ellipse-shaped spectrum to reduce the spreading effect. We also experimentally demonstrated the orthogonality relations between ST vortex beams with different charges. Our study successfully demonstrates the versatility of the acoustic system for exploring and discovering spatiotemporally structured waves, inspiring further investigation of exotic wave physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ge
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Xiang-Yuan Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Zi-Wei Long
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ming-Hui Lu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yan-Feng Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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128
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Zhong Q. Lone Pair Electrons with Weak Nuclear Binding Inducing Sensitive Nonlinear Optical Responses in Phosphorus Clusters. J Phys Chem Lett 2023:6361-6367. [PMID: 37418661 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus clusters have broadband optical responses, adjustable geometries, and electronic structures, potentially balancing transparency and nonlinearity. In this study, the optical properties of phosphorus clusters are analyzed by using first-principles calculations. Phosphorus clusters exhibit strong light absorption in the ultraviolet region while remaining transparent in the visible to far-infrared bands. Importantly, the third-order nonlinear optical performance of phosphorus clusters surpasses that of p-nitroaniline with a D-π-A structure. The analysis reveals that lone pair electrons with weak nuclear binding induce sensitive nonlinear optical responses of phosphorus clusters. Furthermore, a practical approach for enhancing nonlinear optical effects in a medium via atom replacement and its application to hydride systems are discussed. Lone pair electron materials provide an alternative to conventional organic π-conjugated molecules for nonlinear optical devices, while potentially achieving a better trade-off of nonlinearity versus transparency. This study provides a novel concept for the development of high-performance nonlinear optical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanjie Zhong
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
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129
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Li B, Su H, Meng W, Cheng K, Luan H, Gu M, Fang X. Orbital angular momentum holographic multicasting for switchable and secure wireless optical communication links. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:23106-23114. [PMID: 37475403 DOI: 10.1364/oe.494844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The physical dimension of orbital angular momentum (OAM) states of light has been successfully implemented as information carrier in wireless optical communication (WOC) links. However, the current OAM data coding strategies in WOC are mainly limited to the temporal domain, rarely involving the degree of freedom of spatial domain to transmit an image directly. Here, we apply OAM holographic multiplexing technology for spatial information encoding in WOC links. Further, we demonstrate the new concept of OAM holographic multicasting, wherein a beam-steering grating has been utilized for information decoding. To distribute the OAM multiplexing information appropriately in the receiving terminal, the beam-steering grating with controllable topological charges and amplitude weighting coefficients of each diffraction order in the spatial frequency domain has been designed. An iterative algorithm has been introduced to obtain the intensity uniformity >98% at target diffraction orders. As such, this scheme experimentally allows four separate users to receive independent images, which can be switched by modulating the topological charges of the beam-steering gratings at each diffraction order. In addition, this leads to a beam-steering grating-encrypted WOC links, wherein the information can only be decoded by the grating phase with 7 pre-set spatial frequency components. Our results mark a new parallel decoding paradigm of OAM multiplexing holography, which opens up the door for future high-capacity and high-security all-optical holographic communications.
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130
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Qin H, Fu Q, Tan W, Zou X, Huang W, Huang Z, Wang J, Huang X, Bai Y, Fu X. Highly accurate OAM mode detection network for ring Airy Gaussian vortex beams disturbed by atmospheric turbulence based on interferometry. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2023; 40:1319-1326. [PMID: 37706731 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.491846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric turbulence reduces the detection accuracy of orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes, which affects the performance of OAM optical communication. In this paper, we propose a method based on interferometry and a residual network (ResNet) to detect the OAM modes of ring Airy Gaussian vortex beams (RAGVBs) disturbed by atmospheric turbulence. The RAGVBs first interfere with spherical waves to obtain the sign features of the OAM modes, and then ResNet is employed to recognize OAM modes from the interferograms. The results demonstrate that the detection accuracy is higher than that of the OAM spectrum method under different turbulence strengths. The detection accuracy can even reach over 99% under strong fluctuations. Our research provides a reference for improving the performance of OAM optical communication through atmospheric turbulence.
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131
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Zhou H, Zhang S, Zhu T, Tian Y, Wang Y, Wang Y. Hybrid Metasurfaces for Perfect Transmission and Customized Manipulation of Sound Across Water-Air Interface. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207181. [PMID: 37078801 PMCID: PMC10323646 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Extreme impedance mismatch causes sound insulation at water-air interfaces, limiting numerous cross-media applications such as ocean-air wireless acoustic communication. Although quarter-wave impedance transformers can improve transmission, they are not readily available for acoustics and are restricted by the fixed phase shift at full transmission. Here, this limitation is broken through impedance-matched hybrid metasurfaces assisted by topology optimization. Sound transmission enhancement and phase modulation across the water-air interface are achieved independently. Compared to the bare water-air interface, it is experimentally observed that the average transmitted amplitude through an impedance-matched metasurface at the peak frequency is enhanced by ≈25.9 dB, close to the limit of the perfect transmission 30 dB. And nearly 42 dB amplitude enhancement is measured by the hybrid metasurfaces with axial focusing function. Various customized vortex beams are experimentally realized to promote applications in ocean-air communication. The physical mechanisms of sound transmission enhancement for broadband and wide-angle incidences are revealed. The proposed concept has potential applications in efficient transmission and free communication across dissimilar media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong‐Tao Zhou
- Department of MechanicsSchool of Mechanical EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjin300350China
| | - Shao‐Cong Zhang
- Department of MechanicsSchool of Mechanical EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjin300350China
| | - Tong Zhu
- Department of MechanicsSchool of Mechanical EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjin300350China
| | - Yu‐Ze Tian
- Department of MechanicsSchool of Mechanical EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjin300350China
| | - Yan‐Feng Wang
- Department of MechanicsSchool of Mechanical EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjin300350China
| | - Yue‐Sheng Wang
- Department of MechanicsSchool of Mechanical EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjin300350China
- Institute of Engineering MechanicsBeijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing100044China
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132
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Yang DJ, Liu JC. Selective high-order resonance in asymmetric plasmonic nanostructures stimulated by vortex beams. NANOSCALE 2023. [PMID: 37376924 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02502k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light has the potential to induce high-order transitions of electrons in atoms by compensating for the OAM required. However, due to the dark spot situating at the focal center of the OAM beam, high-order transitions are typically weak. In this study, we demonstrate efficient and selective high-order resonances in symmetric and asymmetric plasmonic nanoparticles that are comparable in size to the waist radius of the OAM beam. In a symmetric nanoparticle configured with a complete nanoring lying on the focal center, there is a pure high-order resonance obeying the law of conservation of angular momentum during the interaction between OAM light and the nanosystem. In an asymmetric nanoparticle configured with an complete ring off the beam center or a splitting nanoring, there are multiple resonances whose resonance orders are influenced by the ring's geometry, position, orientation, and photon OAM. Thus, high-order resonances in the symmetric and asymmetric plasmonic nanostructures are selectively stimulated using vortex beams. Our results may help to understand and control OAM-involved light-material interactions of asymmetric nanosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Jie Yang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Physics and Energy Technology, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071000, China.
| | - Ji-Cai Liu
- School of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Physics and Energy Technology, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071000, China.
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133
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Zhu Y, You M, Shi Y, Huang H, Wei Z, He T, Xiong S, Wang Z, Cheng X. Optofluidic Tweezers: Efficient and Versatile Micro/Nano-Manipulation Tools. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1326. [PMID: 37512637 PMCID: PMC10384111 DOI: 10.3390/mi14071326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Optical tweezers (OTs) can transfer light momentum to particles, achieving the precise manipulation of particles through optical forces. Due to the properties of non-contact and precise control, OTs have provided a gateway for exploring the mysteries behind nonlinear optics, soft-condensed-matter physics, molecular biology, and analytical chemistry. In recent years, OTs have been combined with microfluidic chips to overcome their limitations in, for instance, speed and efficiency, creating a technology known as "optofluidic tweezers." This paper describes static OTs briefly first. Next, we overview recent developments in optofluidic tweezers, summarizing advancements in capture, manipulation, sorting, and measurement based on different technologies. The focus is on various kinds of optofluidic tweezers, such as holographic optical tweezers, photonic-crystal optical tweezers, and waveguide optical tweezers. Moreover, there is a continuing trend of combining optofluidic tweezers with other techniques to achieve greater functionality, such as antigen-antibody interactions and Raman tweezers. We conclude by summarizing the main challenges and future directions in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Zhu
- Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Digital Optics, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Minmin You
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuzhi Shi
- Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Digital Optics, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Haiyang Huang
- Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Digital Optics, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zeyong Wei
- Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Digital Optics, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Tao He
- Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Digital Optics, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Sha Xiong
- School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Zhanshan Wang
- Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Digital Optics, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xinbin Cheng
- Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Digital Optics, Shanghai 200092, China
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134
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Ackermann L, Roider C, Cvecek K, Barré N, Aigner C, Schmidt M. Polarization-controlled nonlinear computer-generated holography. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10338. [PMID: 37365253 PMCID: PMC10293295 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37443-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic phase-only beam shaping with a liquid crystal spatial light modulator is a powerful technique for tailoring the intensity profile or wave front of a beam. While shaping and controlling the light field is a highly researched topic, dynamic nonlinear beam shaping has hardly been explored so far. One potential reason is that generating the second harmonic is a degenerate process as it mixes two fields at the same frequency. To overcome this problem, we propose the use of type II phase matching as a control mechanism to distinguish between the two fields. Our experiments demonstrate that distributions of arbitrary intensity can be shaped in the frequency-converted field at the same quality as for linear beam shaping and with conversion efficiencies similar to without beam shaping. We envision this method as a milestone toward beam shaping beyond the physical limits of liquid crystal displays by facilitating dynamic phase-only beam shaping in the ultraviolet spectral range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Ackermann
- Institute of Photonic Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Konrad-Zuse-Straße 3/5, 91052, Erlangen, Germany.
- School of Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Straße 6, 91052, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Clemens Roider
- Institute of Photonic Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Konrad-Zuse-Straße 3/5, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kristian Cvecek
- Institute of Photonic Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Konrad-Zuse-Straße 3/5, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
- School of Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Straße 6, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Barré
- Institute of Photonic Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Konrad-Zuse-Straße 3/5, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
- School of Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Straße 6, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Aigner
- Institute of Photonic Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Konrad-Zuse-Straße 3/5, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmidt
- Institute of Photonic Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Konrad-Zuse-Straße 3/5, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
- School of Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Straße 6, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
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135
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Vogliardi A, Ruffato G, Dal Zilio S, Bonaldo D, Romanato F. Dual-functional metalenses for the polarization-controlled generation of focalized vector beams in the telecom infrared. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10327. [PMID: 37365197 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36865-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The availability of static tiny optical devices is mandatory to reduce the complexity of optical paths that typically use dynamic optical components and/or many standard elements for the generation of complex states of light, leading to unprecedented levels of miniaturization and compactness of optical systems. In particular, the design of flat and integrated optical elements capable of multiple vector beams generation with high resolution in the visible and infrared range is very attractive in many fields, from life science to information and communication technology. In this regard, we propose dual-functional transmission dielectric metalenses that act simultaneously on the dynamic and geometric phases in order to manipulate independently right-handed and left-handed circularly polarized states of light and generate focused vector beams in a compact and versatile way. In the specific, starting from the mathematical fundamentals for the compact generation of vector beams using dual-functional optical elements, we provide the numerical algorithms for the computation of metaoptics and apply those techniques to the design and fabrication of silicon metalenses which are able to generate and focus different vector beams in the telecom infrared, depending on the linear polarization state in input. This approach provides new integrated optics for applications in the fields of high-resolution microscopy, optical manipulation, and optical communications, both in the classical and single-photon regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vogliardi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy 'G. Galilei', University of Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131, Padua, Italy
- Padua Quantum Technologies Research Center, University of Padova, Via Gradenigo 6, 35127, Padua, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ruffato
- Department of Physics and Astronomy 'G. Galilei', University of Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131, Padua, Italy.
- Padua Quantum Technologies Research Center, University of Padova, Via Gradenigo 6, 35127, Padua, Italy.
| | - Simone Dal Zilio
- CNR-IOM Istituto Officina dei Materiali, S.S. 14-Km. 163,5, 34149, Trieste (TS), Italy
| | - Daniele Bonaldo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy 'G. Galilei', University of Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Filippo Romanato
- Department of Physics and Astronomy 'G. Galilei', University of Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131, Padua, Italy
- Padua Quantum Technologies Research Center, University of Padova, Via Gradenigo 6, 35127, Padua, Italy
- CNR-IOM Istituto Officina dei Materiali, S.S. 14-Km. 163,5, 34149, Trieste (TS), Italy
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136
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Wang S, Cheng M, Yang X, Xu J, Yang Y. Self-focusing effect analysis of a perfect optical vortex beam in atmospheric turbulence. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:20861-20871. [PMID: 37381200 DOI: 10.1364/oe.492275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The correlation function and the detection probability of orbital angular momentum (OAM) of a perfect optical vortex beam (POVB) were obtained under atmospheric turbulence conditions and then used to estimate the POVB propagation model through atmospheric turbulence. The POVB propagation in a turbulence-free channel can be divided into anti-diffraction and self-focusing stages. The beam profile size can be well preserved in the anti-diffraction stage as the transmission distance increases. After shrinking and focusing the POVB in the self-focusing region, the beam profile size expands in the self-focusing stage. The influence of topological charge on the beam intensity and profile size differs depending on the propagation stage. The POVB degenerates into a Bessel-Gaussian beam (BGB)-like when the ratio of the ring radius to the Gaussian beam waist approaches 1. The unique self-focusing effect of the POVB enables higher received probability compared to the BGB when propagating over long distances in atmospheric turbulence. However, the property of the POVB that its initial beam profile size is not affected by topological charge does not contribute to the POVB achieving a higher received probability than the BGB in short-range transmission application scenarios. The BGB anti-diffraction is stronger than that of the POVB, assuming a similar initial beam profile size at short-range transmission.
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137
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Spaegele CM, Tamagnone M, Lim SWD, Ossiander M, Meretska ML, Capasso F. Topologically protected optical polarization singularities in four-dimensional space. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh0369. [PMID: 37327327 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh0369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Optical singularities play a major role in modern optics and are frequently deployed in structured light, super-resolution microscopy, and holography. While phase singularities are uniquely defined as locations of undefined phase, polarization singularities studied thus far are either partial, i.e., bright points of well-defined polarization, or are unstable for small field perturbations. We demonstrate a complete, topologically protected polarization singularity; it is located in the four-dimensional space spanned by the three spatial dimensions and the wavelength and is created in the focus of a cascaded metasurface-lens system. The field Jacobian plays a key role in the design of such higher-dimensional singularities, which can be extended to multidimensional wave phenomena, and pave the way for unconventional applications in topological photonics and precision sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Spaegele
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michele Tamagnone
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Soon Wei Daniel Lim
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marcus Ossiander
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Maryna L Meretska
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Federico Capasso
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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138
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Shi X, Kurman Y, Shentcis M, Wong LJ, García de Abajo FJ, Kaminer I. Free-electron interactions with van der Waals heterostructures: a source of focused X-ray radiation. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:148. [PMID: 37321995 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01141-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The science and technology of X-ray optics have come far, enabling the focusing of X-rays for applications in high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy, imaging, and irradiation. In spite of this, many forms of tailoring waves that had substantial impact on applications in the optical regime have remained out of reach in the X-ray regime. This disparity fundamentally arises from the tendency of refractive indices of all materials to approach unity at high frequencies, making X-ray-optical components such as lenses and mirrors much harder to create and often less efficient. Here, we propose a new concept for X-ray focusing based on inducing a curved wavefront into the X-ray generation process, resulting in the intrinsic focusing of X-ray waves. This concept can be seen as effectively integrating the optics to be part of the emission mechanism, thus bypassing the efficiency limits imposed by X-ray optical components, enabling the creation of nanobeams with nanoscale focal spot sizes and micrometer-scale focal lengths. Specifically, we implement this concept by designing aperiodic vdW heterostructures that shape X-rays when driven by free electrons. The parameters of the focused hotspot, such as lateral size and focal depth, are tunable as a function of an interlayer spacing chirp and electron energy. Looking forward, ongoing advances in the creation of many-layer vdW heterostructures open unprecedented horizons of focusing and arbitrary shaping of X-ray nanobeams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihang Shi
- Solid State Institute and Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Yaniv Kurman
- Solid State Institute and Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Michael Shentcis
- Solid State Institute and Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Liang Jie Wong
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - F Javier García de Abajo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, 08860, Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - Ido Kaminer
- Solid State Institute and Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel.
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139
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Wang XX, Guo Z, Song J, Jiang H, Chen H, Hu X. Unique Huygens-Fresnel electromagnetic transportation of chiral Dirac wavelet in topological photonic crystal. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3040. [PMID: 37268641 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38325-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Light propagates in various ways depending on environment, including uniform medium, surface/interface and photonic crystals, which appears ubiquitously in daily life and has been exploited for advanced optics technology. We unveiled that a topological photonic crystal exhibits unique electromagnetic (EM) transport properties originating from the Dirac frequency dispersion and multicomponent spinor eigenmodes. Measuring precisely local Poynting vectors in microstrips of honeycomb structure where optics topology emerges upon a band gap opening in the Dirac dispersion and a p-d band inversion induced by a Kekulé-type distortion respecting C6v symmetry, we showed that a chiral wavelet induces a global EM transportation circulating in the direction counter to the source, which is intimately related to the topological band gap specified by a negative Dirac mass. This brand-new Huygens-Fresnel phenomenon can be considered as the counterpart of negative refraction of EM plane waves associated with upwardly convex dispersions of photonic crystals, and our present finding is expected to open a new window for photonic innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Xiang Wang
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8571, Japan
| | - Zhiwei Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Juan Song
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Haitao Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hong Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Xiao Hu
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan.
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8571, Japan.
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140
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Jiang C, Zhou K, Sun B, Wan Y, Ma Y, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Mou C, Liu Y. Multiple core modes conversion using helical long-period fiber gratings. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:2965-2968. [PMID: 37262255 DOI: 10.1364/ol.488836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We propose and demonstrate the fabrication of an all-fiber mode converter enabling simultaneous generation of multiple high-order core modes, which is realized by inscribing a helical long-period grating (HLPG) in a few-mode fiber (FMF) using a femtosecond laser. Helical refractive index modulation is introduced by continuously irradiating the core region with a highly focused femtosecond laser, while the fiber moves in a spiral path through a three-dimensional translation stage. Mode conversion from the LP01 mode to high-order core modes, including LP11, LP21, LP31, LP02, LP12, and LP41 modes, is achieved by controlling the inscription pitch of the grating. Moreover, first-, second-, third-, and fourth-order orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes can be directly generated using the HLPGs, and multiple OAM modes of different topological charges can be simultaneously excited using a single high diffraction order HLPG. This approach offers a new option for implementing with high-integration high-order mode converters or OAM mode generators.
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141
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Peng Z, Wang Q, Chen H, Liu H, Liu X, Yan L, Zhang J. High-power femtosecond vortices generated from a Kerr-lens mode-locked solid-state Hermite-Gaussian oscillator. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:2708-2711. [PMID: 37186746 DOI: 10.1364/ol.492186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We report the generation of high-order transverse modes from a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. Two different orders of Hermite-Gaussian modes were realized by non-collinear pumping, which were converted into the corresponding Laguerre-Gaussian vortex modes using a cylindrical lens mode converter. The mode-locked vortex beams, with an average power of 1.4 W and 0.8 W, contained pulses as short as 126 fs and 170 fs at the first and second Hermite-Gaussian mode orders, respectively. This work demonstrates the possibility of developing Kerr-lens mode-locked bulk lasers with various pure high-order modes and paves the way for generating ultrashort vortex beams.
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142
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Chen K, Xu L, Ni A, Tang J, Yi K, Jia F, Qiao D, Li K, Copner N. Generation of a vortex point adjustable vortex array based on decentered annular beam pumping. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:2599-2602. [PMID: 37186718 DOI: 10.1364/ol.490194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
An adjustable optical vortex array (OVA) based on decentered annular beam pumping has been demonstrated in an end-pumped Nd:YVO4 laser. This method allows for not only the transverse mode locking of different modes, but also the ability to adjust the mode weight and phase by manipulating the position of the focusing lens and axicon lens. To explain this phenomenon, we propose a threshold model for each mode. Using this approach, we were able to generate optical vortex arrays with 2-7 phase singularities, achieving a maximum conversion efficiency of 25.8%. Our work represents an innovative advancement in the development of solid-state lasers capable of generating adjustable vortex points.
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143
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Xu S, Zhang Y, Wang T, Zhang L. Recent Developments of Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing for Meta-Optics. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13101623. [PMID: 37242041 DOI: 10.3390/nano13101623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Micro-optics based on the artificial adjustment of physical dimensions, such as the phase, polarization, and wavelength of light, constitute the basis of contemporary information optoelectronic technology. As the main means of optical integration, it has become one of the important ways to break through the future bottleneck of microelectronic technology. Geometric phase optical components can precisely control the polarization, phase, amplitude and other properties of the light field at the sub-wavelength scale by periodically arranging nanometer-sized unit structures. It has received extensive attention in the fields of holographic imaging and polarization optics. This paper reviews the physical mechanism of micro-nano structure modification, research progress of femtosecond laser direct-writing photoresist, femtosecond laser ablation of metal thin films, femtosecond laser-induced nanograting, and other methods for preparing polarization converters and geometric phase optics. The challenges of fabricating ultrafast optical devices using femtosecond laser technology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Xu
- College of Intelligent System Science and Engineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, China
| | - Yangfan Zhang
- College of Intelligent System Science and Engineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Le Zhang
- College of Intelligent System Science and Engineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, China
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144
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Sun Y, Wang Z. Optically polarized selective transmission of a fractional vector vortex beam by the polarized atoms with external magnetic fields. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:15409-15422. [PMID: 37157643 DOI: 10.1364/oe.487426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the role of external magnetic fields and linearly polarized pump light, especially when their directions are parallel or vertical, on the propagation of the fractional vector vortex beams (FVVBs) through a polarized atomic system. Herein, the different configurations of external magnetic fields lead to various optically polarized selective transmissions of FVVBs with different fractional topological charge α caused by the polarized atoms, which is theoretically demonstrated by the atomic density matrix visualization analysis and experimentally explored by Cesium atom vapor. Meanwhile, we find that the FVVBs-atom interaction is a vectorial process due to the different optical vector polarized states. In this interaction process, the atomic optically polarized selection property provides potential for the realization of the magnetic compass based on warm atoms. For the FVVBs, due to the rotational asymmetry of the intensity distribution, we can observe some transmitted light spots with unequal energy. Compared with the integer vector vortex beam, it is possible to obtain a more precise magnetic field direction by fitting the different "petal" spots of the FVVBs.
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145
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Zhang B, Hu ZD, Wu J, Wang J, Nie Y, Zhang F, Li M, Khakhomov S. Metasurface-based perfect vortex beams with trigonometric-function topological charge for OAM manipulation. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:2409-2412. [PMID: 37126285 DOI: 10.1364/ol.488701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Topological charge (TC) is generally acknowledged as an important attribute of an optical vortex (OV), which indicates the twisted characterization of the wavefront. In most circumstances, the TC remains constant as an integer or fraction along the azimuthal direction. Herein, by transforming the TCs into the trigonometric functions of the azimuthal angle to tailor the spiral phase distributions, we numerically demonstrate generating perfect vortex beams (PVBs) with sine-function TC based on the all-dielectric geometric metasurfaces, whose unit structure is optimized to an ideal half-wave plate. To seek the intrinsic advancements of the proposed PVBs, their orbital angular momentum (OAM) as well as optical gradient force distributions are calculated for diverse particle manipulation. We believe our proposed scheme is desired to provide an original thought for OAM manipulation, information storage, and optical communication.
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146
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Xu Y, Lan B, Liu C, Chen M, Tang A, Xian H. Adaptive optics pre-compensation for orbital angular momentum beams transmitting through simulated atmospheric turbulence. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:13665-13671. [PMID: 37157249 DOI: 10.1364/oe.473030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We propose an adaptive optics (AO) pre-compensation scheme to improve the transmission quality of orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams in atmospheric turbulence. The distortion wavefront caused by atmospheric turbulence is obtained with the Gaussian beacon from the receiver. The AO system imposes the conjugate distortion wavefront onto the outgoing OAM beams at the transmitter, tto achieve the pre-compensation. Using the scheme, we conducted transmission experiments with different OAM beams in the simulated atmospheric turbulence. The experimental results indicated that the AO pre-compensation scheme can improve the transmission quality of the OAM beams in the atmospheric turbulence in real-time. It is found that the turbulence-induced crosstalk effects on neighboring modes are reduced by an average of 6 dB, and the system power penalty is improved by an average of 12.6 dB after pre-compensation.
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147
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Yavorsky MA, Kozhaev MA, Fedorov AY, Vikulin DV, Barshak EV, Berzhansky VN, Lyashko SD, Kapralov PO, Belotelov VI. Topological Faraday Effect for Optical Vortices in Magnetic Films. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:166901. [PMID: 37154644 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.166901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Here we experimentally demonstrate the topological Faraday effect-the polarization rotation caused by the orbital angular momentum of light. It is found that the Faraday effect of the optical vortex beam passing through a transparent magnetic dielectric film differs from the Faraday effect for a plane wave. The additional contribution to the Faraday rotation depends linearly on the topological charge and radial number of the beam. The effect is explained in terms of the optical spin-orbit interaction. These findings underline the importance of using the optical vortex beams for studies of magnetically ordered materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Yavorsky
- V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Vernadsky Prospekt, 4, Simferopol, 295007, Crimea
| | - M A Kozhaev
- Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, Moscow Region 143025, Russia
| | - A Yu Fedorov
- Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, Moscow Region 143025, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141701, Russia
| | - D V Vikulin
- V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Vernadsky Prospekt, 4, Simferopol, 295007, Crimea
| | - E V Barshak
- V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Vernadsky Prospekt, 4, Simferopol, 295007, Crimea
| | - V N Berzhansky
- V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Vernadsky Prospekt, 4, Simferopol, 295007, Crimea
| | - S D Lyashko
- V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Vernadsky Prospekt, 4, Simferopol, 295007, Crimea
| | - P O Kapralov
- Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, Moscow Region 143025, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141701, Russia
| | - V I Belotelov
- V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Vernadsky Prospekt, 4, Simferopol, 295007, Crimea
- Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, Moscow Region 143025, Russia
- Photonic and Quantum Technologies School, Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gori, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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148
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Chen X, Ding G, Tang L, Zou H, Wang C, Chen S, Su C, Li Y. Optical Logic Gates Excited by a Gauss Vortex Interference Beam Based on Spatial Self-Phase Modulation in 2D MoS 2. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1423. [PMID: 37111008 PMCID: PMC10145341 DOI: 10.3390/nano13081423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Vortex beams with optical orbital angular momentum have broad prospects in future high-speed and large-capacity optical communication. In this investigation of materials science, we found that low-dimensional materials have feasibility and reliability in the development of optical logic gates in all-optical signal processing and computing technology. We found that spatial self-phase modulation patterns through the MoS2 dispersions can be modulated by the initial intensity, phase, and topological charge of a Gauss vortex superposition interference beam. We utilized these three degrees of freedom as the input signals of the optical logic gate, and the intensity of a selected checkpoint on spatial self-phase modulation patterns as the output signal. By setting appropriate thresholds as logic codes 0 and 1, two sets of novel optical logic gates, including AND, OR, and NOT gates, were implemented. These optical logic gates are expected to have great potential in optical logic operations, all-optical networks, and all-optical signal processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyu Chen
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Material Information Function Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ge Ding
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Material Information Function Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Linwei Tang
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Material Information Function Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Haijian Zou
- BYD Semiconductor Company Limited, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Chaofeng Wang
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Material Information Function Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shuqing Chen
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Material Information Function Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Chenliang Su
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Material Information Function Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ying Li
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Material Information Function Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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149
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B H S, Asokan S, Ivan JS. Estimation of dislocated phases and tunable orbital angular momentum using two cylindrical lenses. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:3083-3092. [PMID: 37133154 DOI: 10.1364/ao.486870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A first-order optical system consisting of two cylindrical lenses separated by a distance is considered. It is found to be non-conserving of orbital angular momentum of the incoming paraxial light field. The first-order optical system is effectively demonstrated to estimate phases with dislocations using a Gerchberg-Saxton-type phase retrieval algorithm by making use of measured intensities. Tunable orbital angular momentum in the outgoing light field is experimentally demonstrated using the considered first-order optical system by varying the distance of separation between the two cylindrical lenses.
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150
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Bioinspired multiple-degrees-of-freedom responsive metasurface by high-entropy-alloy ribbons with hierarchical nanostructures for electromagnetic wave absorption. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 636:1-10. [PMID: 36621124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The compound eyes of the dragonfly, Pantala flavescens Fabricius, are covered by micro-scaled ocelli capable of sensing polarized light, an attractive property for radar stealth and counterreconnaissance. In this work, we fabricated biomimetic electromagnetic wave absorption materials (EAMs) by analyzing the covert information identifications of biological systems and focusing on the design of metastructures and microstructures. Several bionic metasurfaces with anisotropic double-V meta atoms made up of (FeCoNiSi8.9Al8.9)C0.2 high-entropy-alloy (HEA) ribbons for multiple-degrees-of-freedom recognition and broadband absorption are presented. The covert phase, amplitude, and angular momentum of electromagnetic waves were controlled and recognized as information by manipulating the rotation angle θ of meta atoms. A vortex wave with a topological charge of 1 was generated to recognize linearly polarization and left- and right-handed circular polarization. In addition, the polarization conversion enhanced absorption. The hierarchical nanostructures of HEA ribbons give rise to suitable electromagnetic loss and a superior impedance match. Finally, inspired by the structure of compound eyes, the designed multilayer metamaterials realized effective absorption (reflection loss (RL) ≤ - 10 dB) within the 4.5-18 GHz regime under 2.8 mm thickness. These materials provide evidence for a new way for integrated EAMs and metamaterials.
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