101
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Xia J, Tang J, Bao F, Evans J, He S. Channel competition in emitter-plasmon coupling. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:30893-30908. [PMID: 31684331 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.030893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
When an emitter is close to a plasmonic nanoantenna, besides coupling to the dipolar antenna mode, the emitter also considerably couples to a superposition of the high-order modes, referred to as a pseudomode. We comprehensively investigate the differences between the dipolar mode channel and the pseudomode channel in a representative system where a dipole emitter couples to a silver nanorod. The two channels are shown to be distinct in their mechanisms, characteristics (including chromatic dispersion and field distribution), and dependences on system parameters (including emitter-antenna distance, antenna geometry, and material loss). The study provides physical insight and reveals important design rules for controlling the competition between the two channels.
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102
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Mosconi D, Giovannini G, Maccaferri N, Serri M, Agnoli S, Garoli D. Electrophoretic Deposition of WS 2 Flakes on Nanoholes Arrays-Role of Used Suspension Medium. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12203286. [PMID: 31658603 PMCID: PMC6829434 DOI: 10.3390/ma12203286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Here we optimized the electrophoretic deposition process for the fabrication of WS2 plasmonic nanohole integrated structures. We showed how the conditions used for site-selective deposition influenced the properties of the deposited flakes. In particular, we investigated the effect of different suspension buffers used during the deposition both in the efficiency of the process and in the stability of WS2 flakes, which were deposited on an ordered arrays of plasmonic nanostructures. We observed that a proper buffer can significantly facilitate the deposition process, keeping the material stable with respect to oxidation and contamination. Moreover, the integrated plasmonic structures that can be prepared with this process can be applied to enhanced spectroscopies and for the preparation of 2D nanopores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Mosconi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | | | - Nicolò Maccaferri
- Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
| | - Michele Serri
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
| | - Stefano Agnoli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Denis Garoli
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
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103
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Zhang Y, Chen W, Fu T, Sun J, Zhang D, Li Y, Zhang S, Xu H. Simultaneous Surface-Enhanced Resonant Raman and Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Monolayer MoSe 2: Determination of Ultrafast Decay Rates in Nanometer Dimension. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:6284-6291. [PMID: 31430168 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The fact that metallic nanostructures are an excellent light receiver and transmitter connects the underlying principles of two widely applied optical processes: surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and surface-enhanced fluorescence (SEF). A comparative study of SERS and SEF can eliminate the typical unknown quantities of the system and reveal important parameters that cannot be accessed by conventional techniques. Here, we use this simultaneous SERS and SEF technique in a monolayer MoSe2 coupled plasmonic nanocavity. After optimizing the spatial and the spectral overlaps between excitonic and plasmonic resonances, the SERS and SEF enhancement factors can exceed 107 and 6000, respectively, at the same time on the same nanocube. The comparison of the SERS and SEF enhancements allows the estimation of the ultrafast total decay rate of the bright exciton in monolayer MoSe2 in the nanocavity down to tens of femtoseconds, which is otherwise hard to realize using time-resolved techniques.
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104
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Abstract
A plasmonic modulator is a device that controls the amplitude or phase of propagating plasmons. In a pure plasmonic modulator, the presence or absence of a plasmonic pump wave controls the amplitude of a plasmonic probe wave through a channel. This control has to be mediated by an interaction between disparate plasmonic waves, typically requiring the integration of a nonlinear material. In this work, we demonstrate a 2D semiconductor nonlinear plasmonic modulator based on a WSe2 monolayer integrated on top of a lithographically defined metallic waveguide. We utilize the strong interaction between the surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and excitons in the WSe2 to give a 73 % change in transmission through the device. We demonstrate control of the propagating SPPs using both optical and SPP pumps, realizing a 2D semiconductor nonlinear plasmonic modulator, with an ultrafast response time of 290 fs.
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105
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Rosati R, Lengers F, Reiter DE, Kuhn T. Effective detection of spatio-temporal carrier dynamics by carrier capture. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:28LT01. [PMID: 30965286 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab17a8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The spatio-temporal dynamics of electrons moving in a 2D plane is challenging to detect when the required resolution shrinks simultaneously to nanometer length and subpicosecond time scale. We propose a detection scheme relying on phonon-induced carrier capture from 2D unbound states into the bound states of an embedded quantum dot. This capture process happens locally and here we explore if this locality is sufficient to use the carrier capture process as detection of the ultrafast diffraction of electrons from an obstacle in the 2D plane. As an example we consider an electronic wave packet traveling in a semiconducting monolayer of the transition metal dichalcogenide MoSe2, and we study the scattering-induced dynamics using a single particle Lindblad approach. Our results offer a new way to high resolution detection of the spatio-temporal carrier dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rosati
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie, Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany. Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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106
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Verre R, Baranov DG, Munkhbat B, Cuadra J, Käll M, Shegai T. Transition metal dichalcogenide nanodisks as high-index dielectric Mie nanoresonators. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 14:679-683. [PMID: 31061517 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-019-0442-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have recently been proposed as an excitonic platform for advanced optical and electronic functionalities1-3. However, in spite of intense research efforts, it has not been widely appreciated that TMDCs also possess a high refractive index4,5. This characteristic opens up the possibility to utilize them to construct resonant nanoantennas based on subwavelength geometrical modes6,7. Here, we show that nanodisks, fabricated from exfoliated multilayer WS2, support distinct Mie resonances and anapole states8 that can be tuned in wavelength over the visible and near-infrared range by varying the nanodisk size and aspect ratio. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate a novel regime of light-matter interaction-anapole-exciton polaritons-which we realize within a single WS2 nanodisk. We argue that the TMDC material anisotropy and the presence of excitons enrich traditional nanophotonics approaches based on conventional high-index materials and/or plasmonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruggero Verre
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Denis G Baranov
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Battulga Munkhbat
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jorge Cuadra
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Käll
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Timur Shegai
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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107
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Jiang P, Song G, Wang Y, Li C, Wang L, Yu L. Tunable strong exciton-plasmon-exciton coupling in WS 2-J-aggregates-plasmonic nanocavity. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:16613-16623. [PMID: 31252885 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.016613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A coupling system is proposed to active control of strong exciton-plasmon-exciton coupling, which consists of a silver nanoprism separated from a monolayer WS2 by J-aggregates. The scattering spectrum of the hybrid system calculated by the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is well reproduced by the coupled oscillator model theory. The calculation results show that strong couplings among WS2 excitons, J-aggregate excitons, and localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) are achieved in the hybrid nanostructure, and result in three plexciton branches. We further analyze the exciton-plasmon-exciton coupling behaviors and obtain the weighting efficiencies of the original modes in three plexciton branches. The strong couplings between two different excitons and LSPRs can be active manipulated by tuning the temperature or the concentration of J-aggregates. The proposed systems make up a simple platform for the dynamic control of exciton-plasmon-exciton couplings and have potential applications in optical modulators at the nanoscale.
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108
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Kitadai H, Wang X, Mao N, Huang S, Ling X. Enhanced Raman Scattering on Nine 2D van der Waals Materials. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:3043-3050. [PMID: 31117687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of graphene-enhanced Raman scattering in 2010, other 2D materials have been reported to show a Raman enhancement effect on molecules adsorbed on their surfaces. The mechanism for this phenomenon, however, still remains elusive. Here we performed a comparative investigation of the Raman enhancement effect on nine 2D materials with an identical number of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) as probe molecules. Furthermore, the degree of charge transfer for different CuPc/2D material combinations was calculated, and a positive correlation with enhancement factors was observed, providing evidence to support the charge-transfer-dominated chemical mechanism for this amplification. This study also suggests that Raman enhancement spectroscopy can be used as a nondestructive and rapid probe for the interface interaction between molecules and 2D materials, crucial for organic molecule/2D material-based electronic and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikari Kitadai
- Department of Chemistry , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - Xingzhi Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - Nannan Mao
- Department of Chemistry , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
- Research Laboratory of Electronics , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Shengxi Huang
- Department of Electrical Engineering , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - Xi Ling
- Department of Chemistry , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
- The Photonics Center , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
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109
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Yan J, Ma C, Huang Y, Yang G. Tunable Control of Interlayer Excitons in WS 2/MoS 2 Heterostructures via Strong Coupling with Enhanced Mie Resonances. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1802092. [PMID: 31179209 PMCID: PMC6548949 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201802092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Strong Coulomb interactions in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) produce strongly bound excitons, trions, and biexcitons. The existence of multiexcitonic states has drawn tremendous attention because of its promising applications in quantum information. Combining different monolayer TMDs into van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures opens up opportunities to engineer exciton devices and bring new phenomena. Spatially separated electrons and holes in different layers produce interlayer excitons. Although much progress has been made on excitons in single layers, how interlayer excitons contribute the photoluminescence emission and how to tailor the interlayer exciton emission have not been well understood. Here, room temperature strong coupling between interlayer excitons in the WS2/MoS2 vdW heterostructure and cavity-enhanced Mie resonances in individual silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs) are demonstrated. The heterostructures are inserted into a Si film-Si NP all-dielectric platform to realize effective energy exchanges and Rabi oscillations. Besides mode splitting in scattering, tunable interlayer excitonic emission is also observed. The results make it possible to design TMDs heterostructures with various excitonic states for future photonics devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesNanotechnology Research CenterSchool of Materials Science & EngineeringSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangdongGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Churong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesNanotechnology Research CenterSchool of Materials Science & EngineeringSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangdongGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Yingcong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesNanotechnology Research CenterSchool of Materials Science & EngineeringSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangdongGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Guowei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesNanotechnology Research CenterSchool of Materials Science & EngineeringSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangdongGuangzhou510275P. R. China
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110
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Król M, Lekenta K, Mirek R, Łempicka K, Stephan D, Nogajewski K, Molas MR, Babiński A, Potemski M, Szczytko J, Piętka B. Valley polarization of exciton-polaritons in monolayer WSe 2 in a tunable microcavity. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:9574-9579. [PMID: 31062800 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr02038a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides, known for exhibiting strong excitonic resonances, constitute a very interesting and versatile platform for the investigation of light-matter interactions. In this work, we report on a strong coupling regime between excitons in monolayer WSe2 and photons confined in an open, voltage-tunable dielectric microcavity. The tunability of our system allows us to extend the exciton-polariton state over a wide energy range and, in particular, to bring the excitonic component of the lower polariton mode into resonance with other excitonic transitions in monolayer WSe2. We can retain up to 40% of initial circular polarization of the laser or loose it completely if polariton modes are brought into resonances with low energy excitonic modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Król
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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111
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Abstract
The interaction between molecular (atomic) electron(s) and the vacuum field of a reflective cavity generates significant interest, thanks to the rapid developments in nanophotonics. Such interaction which lies within the realm of cavity quantum electrodynamic can substantially affect the transport properties of molecular systems. In this work, we consider a nonadiabatic electron transfer process in the presence of a cavity mode. We present a generalized framework for the interaction between a charged molecular system and a quantized electromagnetic field of a cavity and apply it to the problem of electron transfer between a donor and an acceptor placed in a confined vacuum electromagnetic field. The effective system Hamiltonian corresponds to a unified Rabi and spin-boson model which includes a self-dipole energy term. Two limiting cases are considered: one where the electron is assumed much faster than the cavity mode and another in which the electron tunneling time is significantly larger than the mode period. In both cases, a significant rate enhancement can be produced by coupling to the cavity mode in the Marcus inverted region. The results of this work offer new possibilities for controlling electron transfer processes using visible and infrared plasmonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Semenov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Abraham Nitzan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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112
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Chevrier K, Benoit JM, Symonds C, Saikin SK, Yuen-Zhou J, Bellessa J. Anisotropy and Controllable Band Structure in Suprawavelength Polaritonic Metasurfaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:173902. [PMID: 31107068 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.173902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we exploit the extended coherence length of mixed plasmon-exciton states to generate active metasurfaces. For this purpose, periodic stripes of organic dye are deposited on a continuous silver film. Typical metasurface effects, such as effective behavior and geometry sensitivity, are measured for periods exceeding the polaritonic wavelength by more than one order of magnitude. By adjusting the metasurface geometry, anisotropy, modified band structure, and unidimensional polaritons are computationally simulated and experimentally observed in reflectometry as well as in emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Chevrier
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622, Lyon, France
| | - J M Benoit
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622, Lyon, France
| | - C Symonds
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622, Lyon, France
| | - S K Saikin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation
| | - J Yuen-Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - J Bellessa
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622, Lyon, France
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113
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Song T, Chen Z, Zhang W, Lin L, Bao Y, Wu L, Zhou ZK. Compounding Plasmon⁻Exciton Strong Coupling System with Gold Nanofilm to Boost Rabi Splitting. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9040564. [PMID: 30959968 PMCID: PMC6523316 DOI: 10.3390/nano9040564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Various plasmonic nanocavities possessing an extremely small mode volume have been developed and applied successfully in the study of strong light-matter coupling. Driven by the desire of constructing quantum networks and other functional quantum devices, a growing trend of strong coupling research is to explore the possibility of fabricating simple strong coupling nanosystems as the building blocks to construct complex systems or devices. Herein, we investigate such a nanocube-exciton building block (i.e. AuNC@J-agg), which is fabricated by coating Au nanocubes with excitonic J-aggregate molecules. The extinction spectra of AuNC@J-agg assembly, as well as the dark field scattering spectra of the individual nanocube-exciton, exhibit Rabi splitting of 100–140 meV, which signifies strong plasmon–exciton coupling. We further demonstrate the feasibility of constructing a more complex system of AuNC@J-agg on Au film, which achieves a much stronger coupling, with Rabi splitting of 377 meV. This work provides a practical pathway of building complex systems from building blocks, which are simple strong coupling systems, which lays the foundation for exploring further fundamental studies or inventing novel quantum devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Song
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Zhanxu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Guang Dong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou 510665, China.
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Limin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Yanjun Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Lin Wu
- Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 1 Fusionopolis Way, Connexis, Singapore 138632, Singapore.
| | - Zhang-Kai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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114
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Zhang WL, Li XJ, Wang SS, Zheng CY, Li XF, Rao YJ. Polaritonic manipulation based on the spin-selective optical Stark effect in the WS 2 and Tamm plasmon hybrid structure. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:4571-4577. [PMID: 30806405 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr09091b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Exciton-polaritons have shown great potential as a low-energy consumption and robust solid-state platform for photoelectronics integration and quantum information applications. Here, an all-optical method that uses the spin-sensitive optical Stark effect is proposed to manipulate exciton-polaritons for functional polaritonic operations. We use a Tamm plasmon and WS2 hybrid structure with a patterned transverse potential to form the channeled bright state of polaritons. An optical Stark pulse causes perturbation of the polaritonic potential, so as to control the tunneling of polaritons between isolated channels. Polaritonic operations such as switching, splitting and routing were proposed through properly setting of the optical Stark pulse (e.g., pulse width). In addition, spin-sensitive manipulation of the polaritons was proposed taking advantage of the valley-selective excitonic energy shifting induced by the polarized optical Stark pulse. These basic operations together with time-space programming of the optical Stark pulses would pave a way of routing and addressing of polaritons for future optoelectronic integration and networking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li Zhang
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
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115
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Ojambati OS, Chikkaraddy R, Deacon WD, Horton M, Kos D, Turek VA, Keyser UF, Baumberg JJ. Quantum electrodynamics at room temperature coupling a single vibrating molecule with a plasmonic nanocavity. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1049. [PMID: 30837456 PMCID: PMC6400948 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08611-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between a single emitter and cavity provide the archetypical system for fundamental quantum electrodynamics. Here we show that a single molecule of Atto647 aligned using DNA origami interacts coherently with a sub-wavelength plasmonic nanocavity, approaching the cooperative regime even at room temperature. Power-dependent pulsed excitation reveals Rabi oscillations, arising from the coupling of the oscillating electric field between the ground and excited states. The observed single-molecule fluorescent emission is split into two modes resulting from anti-crossing with the plasmonic mode, indicating the molecule is strongly coupled to the cavity. The second-order correlation function of the photon emission statistics is found to be pump wavelength dependent, varying from g(2)(0) = 0.4 to 1.45, highlighting the influence of vibrational relaxation on the Jaynes-Cummings ladder. Our results show that cavity quantum electrodynamic effects can be observed in molecular systems at ambient conditions, opening significant potential for device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwafemi S Ojambati
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Rohit Chikkaraddy
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - William D Deacon
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Matthew Horton
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Dean Kos
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Vladimir A Turek
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Ulrich F Keyser
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Jeremy J Baumberg
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
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116
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Ding B, Zhang Z, Chen YH, Zhang Y, Blaikie RJ, Qiu M. Tunable Valley Polarized Plasmon-Exciton Polaritons in Two-Dimensional Semiconductors. ACS NANO 2019; 13:1333-1341. [PMID: 30726051 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Monolayers of transition-metal dicalcogenides have emerged as two-dimensional semiconductors with direct bandgaps at degenerate but inequivalent electronic "valleys", supporting distinct excitons that can be selectively excited by polarized light. These valley-addressable excitons, when strongly coupled with optical resonances, lead to the formation of half-light half-matter quasiparticles, known as polaritons. Here we report self-assembled plasmonic crystals that support tungsten disulfide monolayers, in which the strong coupling of semiconductor excitons and plasmon lattice modes results in a Rabi splitting of ∼160 meV in transmission spectra as well as valley-polarized photoluminescence at room temperature. More importantly we find that one can flexibly tune the degree of valley polarization by changing either the emission angle or the excitation angle of the pump beam. Our results provide a platform that allows the detection, control, and processing of optical spin and valley information at the nanoscale under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Ding
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Physics , University of Otago , Dunedin 9016 , New Zealand
| | - Zhepeng Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hui Chen
- School of Physics , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 10081 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , People's Republic of China
| | - Richard J Blaikie
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Physics , University of Otago , Dunedin 9016 , New Zealand
| | - Min Qiu
- School of Engineering , Westlake University , Hangzhou 310024 , People's Republic of China
- Institute of Advanced Technology , Westlake Institute for Advanced Study , Hangzhou 310024 , People's Republic of China
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117
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Kottilil D, Gupta M, Tomar K, Zhou F, Vijayan C, Bharadwaj PK, Ji W. Cost-Effective Realization of Multimode Exciton-Polaritons in Single-Crystalline Microplates of a Layered Metal-Organic Framework. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:7288-7295. [PMID: 30697998 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b20179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of multimode exciton-polaritons in single-crystalline microplates of a two-dimensional (2D) layered metal-organic framework (MOF), which can be synthesized through a facile solvothermal approach, thereby eliminating all fabrication complexities usually involved in the construction of polariton cavities. With a combination of experiments and theoretical modeling, we have found that the exciton-polaritons are formed at room temperature as a result of a strong coupling between Fabry-Perot cavity modes formed inherently by two parallel surfaces of a microplate and Frenkel excitons provided by the 2D layers of dye molecular linkers in the MOF. Flexibility in rational selection of dye linkers for synthesizing such MOFs renders a large-scale, low-cost production of solid-state, micro-exciton-polaritonic devices operating in the visible and near-infrared range. Our work introduces MOFs as a new class of potential materials to explore polariton-related quantum phenomena in a cost-effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dileep Kottilil
- Department of Physics , National University of Singapore , 3, Science Drive 3 , Singapore 117542 , Singapore
- Department of Physics , Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai 600036 , India
| | - Mayank Gupta
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur 208016 , India
| | - Kapil Tomar
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur 208016 , India
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Physics , National University of Singapore , 3, Science Drive 3 , Singapore 117542 , Singapore
| | - C Vijayan
- Department of Physics , Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai 600036 , India
| | - Parimal K Bharadwaj
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur 208016 , India
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Physics , National University of Singapore , 3, Science Drive 3 , Singapore 117542 , Singapore
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518060 , P. R. China
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118
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Bisht A, Cuadra J, Wersäll M, Canales A, Antosiewicz TJ, Shegai T. Collective Strong Light-Matter Coupling in Hierarchical Microcavity-Plasmon-Exciton Systems. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:189-196. [PMID: 30500202 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Polaritons are compositional light-matter quasiparticles that arise as a result of strong coupling between the vacuum field of a resonant optical cavity and electronic excitations in quantum emitters. Reaching such a regime is often hard, as it requires materials possessing high oscillator strengths to interact with the relevant optical mode. Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have recently emerged as promising candidates for realization of strong coupling regime at room temperature. However, these materials typically provide coupling strengths in the range of 10-40 meV, which may be insufficient for reaching strong coupling with low quality factor resonators. Here, we demonstrate a universal scheme that allows a straightforward realization of strong coupling with 2D materials and beyond. By intermixing plasmonic excitations in nanoparticle arrays with excitons in a WS2 monolayer inside a resonant metallic microcavity, we fabricate a hierarchical system with the collective microcavity-plasmon-exciton Rabi splitting exceeding ∼500 meV at room temperature. Photoluminescence measurements of the coupled systems show dominant emission from the lower polariton branch, indicating the participation of excitons in the coupling process. Strong coupling has been recently suggested to affect numerous optical- and material-related properties including chemical reactivity, exciton transport, and optical nonlinearities. With the universal scheme presented here, strong coupling across a wide spectral range is within easy reach and therefore exploration of these exciting phenomena can be further pursued in a much broader class of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Bisht
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 , Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Jorge Cuadra
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 , Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Martin Wersäll
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 , Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Adriana Canales
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 , Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Tomasz J Antosiewicz
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 , Göteborg , Sweden
- Faculty of Physics , University of Warsaw , Pasteura 5 , 02-093 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Timur Shegai
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 , Göteborg , Sweden
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119
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Shan H, Yu Y, Wang X, Luo Y, Zu S, Du B, Han T, Li B, Li Y, Wu J, Lin F, Shi K, Tay BK, Liu Z, Zhu X, Fang Z. Direct observation of ultrafast plasmonic hot electron transfer in the strong coupling regime. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2019; 8:9. [PMID: 30651984 PMCID: PMC6333624 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-019-0121-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Achieving strong coupling between plasmonic oscillators can significantly modulate their intrinsic optical properties. Here, we report the direct observation of ultrafast plasmonic hot electron transfer from an Au grating array to an MoS2 monolayer in the strong coupling regime between localized surface plasmons (LSPs) and surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). By means of femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy, the measured hot electron transfer time is approximately 40 fs with a maximum external quantum yield of 1.65%. Our results suggest that strong coupling between LSPs and SPPs has synergetic effects on the generation of plasmonic hot carriers, where SPPs with a unique nonradiative feature can act as an 'energy recycle bin' to reuse the radiative energy of LSPs and contribute to hot carrier generation. Coherent energy exchange between plasmonic modes in the strong coupling regime can further enhance the vertical electric field and promote the transfer of hot electrons between the Au grating and the MoS2 monolayer. Our proposed plasmonic strong coupling configuration overcomes the challenge associated with utilizing hot carriers and is instructive in terms of improving the performance of plasmonic opto-electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangyong Shan
- School of Physics, State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies; Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Ying Yu
- School of Physics, State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies; Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Xingli Wang
- CNRS International-NTU-Thales Research Alliance (CINTRA), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637553 Singapore
| | - Yang Luo
- School of Physics, State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies; Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Zu
- School of Physics, State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies; Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Bowen Du
- School of Physics, State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies; Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Tianyang Han
- School of Physics, State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies; Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Bowen Li
- School of Physics, State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies; Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Yu Li
- School of Physics, State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies; Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Jiarui Wu
- School of Physics, State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies; Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Feng Lin
- School of Physics, State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies; Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Kebin Shi
- School of Physics, State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies; Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Beng Kang Tay
- CNRS International-NTU-Thales Research Alliance (CINTRA), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637553 Singapore
- Centre for Micro-/Nano-Electronics (NOVITAS), School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering; Centre for Programmed Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637553 Singapore
| | - Zheng Liu
- CNRS International-NTU-Thales Research Alliance (CINTRA), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637553 Singapore
- Centre for Micro-/Nano-Electronics (NOVITAS), School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering; Centre for Programmed Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637553 Singapore
| | - Xing Zhu
- School of Physics, State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies; Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Zheyu Fang
- School of Physics, State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies; Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
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120
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Yang J, Sun Q, Ueno K, Shi X, Oshikiri T, Misawa H, Gong Q. Manipulation of the dephasing time by strong coupling between localized and propagating surface plasmon modes. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4858. [PMID: 30451866 PMCID: PMC6242842 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07356-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong coupling between two resonance modes leads to the formation of new hybrid modes exhibiting disparate characteristics owing to the reversible exchange of information between different uncoupled modes. Here, we realize the strong coupling between the localized surface plasmon resonance and surface plasmon polariton Bloch wave using multilayer nanostructures. An anticrossing behavior with a splitting energy of 144 meV can be observed from the far-field spectra. More importantly, we investigate the near-field properties in both the frequency and time domains using photoemission electron microscopy. In the frequency domain, the near-field spectra visually demonstrate normal-mode splitting and display the extent of coupling. Importantly, the variation of the dephasing time of the hybrid modes against the detuning is observed directly in the time domain. These findings signify the evolution of the dissipation and the exchange of information in plasmonic strong coupling systems and pave the way to manipulate the dephasing time of plasmon modes, which can benefit many applications of plasmonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Quan Sun
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Kosei Ueno
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Xu Shi
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Tomoya Oshikiri
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Misawa
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan. .,Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan.
| | - Qihuang Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China.
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121
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Sun J, Hu H, Zheng D, Zhang D, Deng Q, Zhang S, Xu H. Light-Emitting Plexciton: Exploiting Plasmon-Exciton Interaction in the Intermediate Coupling Regime. ACS NANO 2018; 12:10393-10402. [PMID: 30222317 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b05880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between plasmons in metal nanostructures and excitons in layered materials attracts recent interests due to its fascinating properties inherited from the two constituents, e.g., the high tunability on its spectral or spatial properties from the plasmonic component, and the large optical nonlinearity or light emitting properties from the excitonic counterpart. Here, we demonstrate light-emitting plexcitons from the coupling between the neutral excitons in monolayer WSe2 and highly confined nanocavity plasmons in the nanocube-over-mirror system. We observe, simultaneously, an anticrossing dispersion curve of the hybrid system in the dark-field scattering spectrum and a 1700 times enhancement in the photoluminescence. We attribute the large photoluminescence enhancement to the increased local density of states by both the plasmonic and excitonic constituents in the intermediate coupling regime. In addition, increasing the confinement of the hybrid systems is achieved by shrinking down the size of the hot spot within the gap between the nanocube and the metal film. Numerical calculations reproduce the experimental observations and provide the effective number of excitons taking part in the interaction. This highly compact system provides a room temperature testing platform for quantum cavity electromagnetics at the deep subwavelength scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Sun
- The Institute for Advanced Studies , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Huatian Hu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Di Zheng
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Daxiao Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Qian Deng
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Shunping Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
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122
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Chakraborty B, Gu J, Sun Z, Khatoniar M, Bushati R, Boehmke AL, Koots R, Menon VM. Control of Strong Light-Matter Interaction in Monolayer WS 2 through Electric Field Gating. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:6455-6460. [PMID: 30160968 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Strong light-matter coupling results in the formation of half-light half-matter quasiparticles that take on the desirable properties of both systems such as small mass and large interactions. Controlling this coupling strength in real-time is highly desirable due to the large change in optical properties such as reflectivity that can be induced in strongly coupled systems. Here we demonstrate modulation of strong exciton-photon coupling in a monolayer WS2 through electric field induced gating at room temperature. The device consists of a WS2 field effect transistor embedded inside a microcavity structure which transitions from strong to weak coupling when the monolayer WS2 becomes more n-type under gating. This transition occurs due to the reduction in oscillator strength of the excitons arising from decreased Coulomb interaction in the presence of electrostatically induced free carriers. The possibility to electrically modulate a solid state system at room temperature from strong to weak coupling is highly desirable for realizing low energy optoelectronic switches and modulators operating both in quantum and classical regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswanath Chakraborty
- Department of Physics, City College of New York , City University of New York , New York 10031 , United States
| | - Jie Gu
- Department of Physics, City College of New York , City University of New York , New York 10031 , United States
- Department of Physics, The Graduate Center , City University of New York , New York 10016 , United States
| | - Zheng Sun
- Department of Physics, City College of New York , City University of New York , New York 10031 , United States
- Department of Physics, The Graduate Center , City University of New York , New York 10016 , United States
| | - Mandeep Khatoniar
- Department of Physics, City College of New York , City University of New York , New York 10031 , United States
- Department of Physics, The Graduate Center , City University of New York , New York 10016 , United States
| | - Rezlind Bushati
- Department of Physics, City College of New York , City University of New York , New York 10031 , United States
- Department of Physics, The Graduate Center , City University of New York , New York 10016 , United States
| | - Alexandra L Boehmke
- Department of Physics, City College of New York , City University of New York , New York 10031 , United States
| | - Rian Koots
- Department of Physics, City College of New York , City University of New York , New York 10031 , United States
| | - Vinod M Menon
- Department of Physics, City College of New York , City University of New York , New York 10031 , United States
- Department of Physics, The Graduate Center , City University of New York , New York 10016 , United States
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123
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Chen K, Razinskas G, Vieker H, Gross H, Wu X, Beyer A, Gölzhäuser A, Hecht B. High-Q, low-mode-volume and multiresonant plasmonic nanoslit cavities fabricated by helium ion milling. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:17148-17155. [PMID: 30183794 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr02160k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Helium ion milling of chemically-synthesized micron-sized gold flakes is performed to fabricate ultra-narrow nanoslit cavities with a varying length and width down to 5 nm. Their plasmon resonances are characterized by one-photon photoluminescence spectroscopy. The combination of fabrication based on single-crystalline gold and resonant modes with low radiative losses leads to remarkably high quality factors of up to 24. Multiple Fabry-Pérot-type resonances in the visible/near infrared spectral range are observed due to the achieved narrow slit widths and the resulting short effective wavelengths of nanoslit plasmons. These features make nanoslit cavities attractive for a range of applications such as surface-enhanced spectroscopy, ultrafast nano-optics and strong light-matter coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Nano-Optics & Biophotonics Group, Experimentelle Physik V, Physikalisches Institute, Röntgen Center for Complex Material Systems (RCCM), Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany.
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124
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Stührenberg M, Munkhbat B, Baranov DG, Cuadra J, Yankovich AB, Antosiewicz TJ, Olsson E, Shegai T. Strong Light-Matter Coupling between Plasmons in Individual Gold Bi-pyramids and Excitons in Mono- and Multilayer WSe 2. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:5938-5945. [PMID: 30081635 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have attracted a lot of research attention recently, motivated by their remarkable optical properties and potential for strong light-matter interactions. Realization of strong plasmon-exciton coupling is especially desirable in this context because it holds promise for the enabling of room-temperature quantum and nonlinear optical applications. These efforts naturally require investigations at a single-nanoantenna level, which, in turn, should possess a compact optical mode interacting with a small amount of excitonic material. However, standard plasmonic nanoantenna designs such as nanoparticle dimers or particle-on-film suffer from misalignment of the local electric field in the gap with the in-plane transition dipole moment of monolayer TMDCs. Here, we circumvent this problem by utilizing gold bi-pyramids (BPs) as very efficient plasmonic nanoantennas. We demonstrate strong coupling between individual BPs and tungsten diselenide (WSe2) monolayers at room temperature. We further study the coupling between multilayers of WSe2 and BPs to elucidate the effect of the number of layers on the coupling strength. Importantly, BPs adopt a reduced-symmetry configuration when deposited on WSe2, such that only one sharp antenna tip efficiently interacts with excitons. Despite the small interaction area, we manage to achieve strong coupling, with Rabi splitting exceeding ∼100 meV. Our results suggest a feasible way toward realizing plasmon-exciton polaritons involving nanoscopic areas of TMDCs, thus pointing toward quantum and nonlinear optics applications at ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Stührenberg
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Battulga Munkhbat
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Denis G Baranov
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Jorge Cuadra
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Andrew B Yankovich
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Tomasz J Antosiewicz
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg , Sweden
- Faculty of Physics , University of Warsaw , Pasteura 5 , 02-093 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Eva Olsson
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Timur Shegai
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg , Sweden
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125
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Schneider C, Glazov MM, Korn T, Höfling S, Urbaszek B. Two-dimensional semiconductors in the regime of strong light-matter coupling. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2695. [PMID: 30002368 PMCID: PMC6043564 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04866-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The optical properties of transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers are widely dominated by excitons, Coulomb-bound electron-hole pairs. These quasi-particles exhibit giant oscillator strength and give rise to narrow-band, well-pronounced optical transitions, which can be brought into resonance with electromagnetic fields in microcavities and plasmonic nanostructures. Due to the atomic thinness and robustness of the monolayers, their integration in van der Waals heterostructures provides unique opportunities for engineering strong light-matter coupling. We review first results in this emerging field and outline future opportunities and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schneider
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Physikalisches Institut, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Korn
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sven Höfling
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Physikalisches Institut, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY, 16 9SS, UK
| | - Bernhard Urbaszek
- Université de Toulouse, INSA-CNRS-UPS, LPCNO, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France.
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126
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Yao LH, Zhang JP, Dai HW, Wang MS, Zhang LM, Wang X, Han JB. Plasmon-enhanced versatile optical nonlinearities in a Au-Ag-Au multi-segmental hybrid structure. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:12695-12703. [PMID: 29946608 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr02938e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A Au-Ag-Au multi-segmental hybrid structure has been synthesized by using an electrodeposition method based on an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane. The third-order optical nonlinearities, second harmonic generation (SHG) and photoluminescence (PL) properties containing ultrafast supercontinuum generation and plasmon mediated thermal emission have been investigated. Significant optical enhancements have been obtained near surface plasmon resonance wavelength in all the abovementioned nonlinear processes. Comparative studies between the Au-Ag-Au multi-segmental hybrid structure and the corresponding single-component Au and Ag hybrid structures demonstrate that the Au-Ag-Au multi-segmental hybrid structure has much larger optical nonlinearities than its counterparts. These results demonstrate that the Au-Ag-Au hybrid structure is a promising candidate for applications in plasmonic devices and enhancement substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Hua Yao
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and Department of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.
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127
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Velický M, Hendren WR, Donnelly GE, Katzen JM, Bowman RM, Huang F. Optimising the visibility of graphene and graphene oxide on gold with multilayer heterostructures. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:275205. [PMID: 29664413 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aabec1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Metals have been increasingly used as substrates in devices based on two-dimensional (2D) materials. However, the high reflectivity of bulk metals results in low optical contrast (<3%) and therefore poor visibility of transparent mono- and few-layer 2D materials on these surfaces. Here we demonstrate that by engineering the complex reflectivity of a purpose-designed multilayer heterostructure composed of thin Au films (2-8 nm) on SiO2/Si substrate, the optical contrast of graphene and graphene oxide (GO) can be significantly enhanced in comparison to bulk Au, up to about 3 and 5 times, respectively. In particular, we achieved ∼17% optical contrast for monolayer GO, which is even 2 times higher than that on bare SiO2/Si substrate. The experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical simulations. This concept is demonstrated for Au, but the methodology is applicable to other metals and can be adopted to design a variety of high-contrast metallic substrates. This will facilitate research and applications of 2D materials in areas such as plasmonics, photonics, catalysis and sensors.
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128
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Lepeshov S, Wang M, Krasnok A, Kotov O, Zhang T, Liu H, Jiang T, Korgel B, Terrones M, Zheng Y, Alú A. Tunable Resonance Coupling in Single Si Nanoparticle-Monolayer WS 2 Structures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:16690-16697. [PMID: 29651843 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b17112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are extremely attractive materials for optoelectronic applications in the visible and near-infrared range. Coupling these materials to optical nanocavities enables advanced quantum optics and nanophotonic devices. Here, we address the issue of resonance coupling in hybrid exciton-polariton structures based on single Si nanoparticles (NPs) coupled to monolayer (1L)-WS2. We predict a strong coupling regime with a Rabi splitting energy exceeding 110 meV for a Si NP covered by 1L-WS2 at the magnetic optical Mie resonance because of the symmetry of the mode. Further, we achieve a large enhancement in the Rabi splitting energy up to 208 meV by changing the surrounding dielectric material from air to water. The prediction is based on the experimental estimation of TMDC dipole moment variation obtained from the measured photoluminescence spectra of 1L-WS2 in different solvents. An ability of such a system to tune the resonance coupling is realized experimentally for optically resonant spherical Si NPs placed on 1L-WS2. The Rabi splitting energy obtained for this scenario increases from 49.6 to 86.6 meV after replacing air by water. Our findings pave the way to develop high-efficiency optoelectronic, nanophotonic, and quantum optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Oleg Kotov
- Institute of MicroelectronicsTechnology and High Purity Materials , Russian Academy of Sciences , 142432 Chernogolovka , Russia
| | | | | | | | | | - Mauricio Terrones
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Chemical Engineering , Carlos III University of Madrid , Avenida Universidad 30 , Leganés, Madrid 28911 , Spain
- IMDEA Materials Institute , Eric Kandel 2 , Getafe, Madrid 28005 , Spain
| | | | - Andrea Alú
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center , City University of New York , New York , New York 10031 , United States
- Physics Program, Graduate Center , City University of New York , New York 10016 , United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering , City College of The City University of New York , New York 10031 , United States
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129
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Groß H, Hamm JM, Tufarelli T, Hess O, Hecht B. Near-field strong coupling of single quantum dots. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaar4906. [PMID: 29511739 PMCID: PMC5837425 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar4906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Strong coupling and the resultant mixing of light and matter states is an important asset for future quantum technologies. We demonstrate deterministic room temperature strong coupling of a mesoscopic colloidal quantum dot to a plasmonic nanoresonator at the apex of a scanning probe. Enormous Rabi splittings of up to 110 meV are accomplished by nanometer-precise positioning of the quantum dot with respect to the nanoresonator probe. We find that, in addition to a small mode volume of the nanoresonator, collective coherent coupling of quantum dot band-edge states and near-field proximity interaction are vital ingredients for the realization of near-field strong coupling of mesoscopic quantum dots. The broadband nature of the interaction paves the road toward ultrafast coherent manipulation of the coupled quantum dot-plasmon system under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Groß
- Nano-Optics and Biophotonics Group, Experimentelle Physik 5 and Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Joachim M. Hamm
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Tommaso Tufarelli
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ortwin Hess
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Corresponding author. (B.H.); (O.H.)
| | - Bert Hecht
- Nano-Optics and Biophotonics Group, Experimentelle Physik 5 and Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Corresponding author. (B.H.); (O.H.)
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130
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Brar VW, Sherrott MC, Jariwala D. Emerging photonic architectures in two-dimensional opto-electronics. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:6824-6844. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00206a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes recent developments in opto-electronic device architectures comprising van der Waals two-dimensional materials for enhanced light–matter interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle C. Sherrott
- Research Laboratory for Electronics
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Deep Jariwala
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering
- University of Pennsylvania
- Philadelphia
- USA
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131
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Park KD, Jiang T, Clark G, Xu X, Raschke MB. Radiative control of dark excitons at room temperature by nano-optical antenna-tip Purcell effect. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 13:59-64. [PMID: 29158602 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-017-0003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Excitons, Coulomb-bound electron-hole pairs, are elementary photo-excitations in semiconductors that can couple to light through radiative relaxation. In contrast, dark excitons (XD) show anti-parallel spin configuration with generally forbidden radiative emission. Because of their long lifetimes, these dark excitons are appealing candidates for quantum computing and optoelectronics. However, optical read-out and control of XD states has remained challenging due to their decoupling from light. Here, we present a tip-enhanced nano-optical approach to induce, switch and programmably modulate the XD emission at room temperature. Using a monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) WSe2 on a gold substrate, we demonstrate ~6 × 105-fold enhancement in dark exciton photoluminescence quantum yield achieved through coupling of the antenna-tip to the dark exciton out-of-plane optical dipole moment, with a large Purcell factor of ≥2 × 103 of the tip-sample nano-cavity. Our approach provides a facile way to harness excitonic properties in low-dimensional semiconductors offering new strategies for quantum optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Duck Park
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Center for Experiments on Quantum Materials, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Center for Experiments on Quantum Materials, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Genevieve Clark
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Markus B Raschke
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
- JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
- Center for Experiments on Quantum Materials, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
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