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He Z, Lin J, Chen C, Chen Y, Yang S, Cai X, He Y, Liu S. Identification of BGN and THBS2 as metastasis-specific biomarkers and poor survival key regulators in human colon cancer by integrated analysis. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e973. [PMID: 36377223 PMCID: PMC9663999 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colon cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Exploring key regulators in colon cancer metastatic progression could lead to better outcomes for patients. METHODS Initially, the transcriptional profiles of 681 colonrectal cancer (CRC) cases were used to discover signature genes that were significantly correlated with colon cancer metastasis. These signature genes were then validated using another independent 210 CRC cases' transcriptomics and proteomics profiles, and Kaplan-Meier regression analyses were used to screen the key regulators with patients' survival. Immunohistochemical staining was used to confirm the biomarkers, and transit knockdown was used to explore their implications on colon cancer cells migration and invasion abilities. The impact on the key signalling molecules in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process that drive tumour metastasis was tested using Western blot. The response to clinical standard therapeutic drugs was compared to clinical prognosis of key regulators using an ROC plotter. RESULTS Five genes (BGN, THBS2, SPARC, CDH11 and SPP1) were initially identified as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets of colon cancer metastasis. The most significant signatures associated with colon cancer metastasis were determined to be BGN and THBS2. Furthermore, highly expression of BGN and THBS2 in tumours was linked to a worse survival rate. BGN and THBS2 knockdown significantly reduced colon cancer cells migration and invasion, as well as down-regulating three EMT-related proteins (Snail, Vimentin and N-cadherin), and increasing the proliferation inhibitory effect of 5-fluorouracil, irinotecan and oxaliplatin treatment. CONCLUSIONS CRC metastatic progression, EMT phenotypic transition and poor survival time have been linked to BGN and THBS2. They could be utilized as potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for colon cancer metastatic patients with a better prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanzhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuting Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- School of life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xianghai Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - YingYing He
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Shubai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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Luo F, Li J, Liu J, Liu K. Stabilizing and upregulating Axin with tankyrase inhibitor reverses 5-fluorouracil chemoresistance and proliferation by targeting the WNT/caveolin-1 axis in colorectal cancer cells. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:1707-1719. [PMID: 35750753 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00493-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a main obstacle for colorectal cancer treatment. In this study, we evaluated the effects and mechanisms of the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway on the chemoresistance of SW480 and SW620 colorectal cancer cells. The activity of β-catenin was activated/inhibited by the small molecule compound GSK-3 inhibitor 6-bromo-indirubin-3'-oxime and the tankyrase inhibitor XAV939. The downstream target genes of the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway were screened using a cDNA microarray and bioinformatics analysis. Apoptosis induced by 5-Fu, cell cycle distribution and expression levels of WNT/β-catenin/TCF12/caveolin-1 and multidrug resistance proteins were examed by flow cytometry and western blot after β-catenin activation/inhibition and caveolin-1 overexpression/interference. The effect and mechanism of XAV939 on proliferation and apoptosis induced by 5-Fu in xenograft tumors of nude mice were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and TUNEL staining. 6-Bromo-indirubin-3'-oxime treatment increased β-catenin expression by regulating GSK-3β phosphorylation, accompanied by upregulation of TCF12, caveolin-1, P-gp, and MRP2 and downregulation of apoptosis induced by 5-Fu. Conversely, XAV939 treatment decreased β-catenin expression by upregulating Axin, accompanied by downregulation of TCF12, Caveolin-1, P-gp, and MRP2 and upregulation of apoptosis induced by 5-Fu. The caveolin-1 gene was identified as an important downstream gene of the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway. Caveolin-1 overexpression upregulated β-catenin expression, increased P-gp and MRP2 expression and decreased apoptosis induced by 5-Fu; conversely, caveolin-1 interference caused the opposite effects. In addition, in vivo experiments showed that XAV939 treatment reduced β-catenin expression, increased apoptosis induced by 5-Fu and repressed xenograft tumor growth. Our findings suggested that inhibition of WNT/β-catenin/TCF12/caveolin-1 provides a new promising therapeutic strategy for colorectal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Luo
- Department of Pathology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong, 511518, PR China
| | - Jinbang Li
- Department of Pathology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong, 511518, PR China
| | - Jihong Liu
- Department of Pathology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong, 511518, PR China
| | - Kunping Liu
- Department of Pathology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong, 511518, PR China.
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Gu W, Xu Y, Chen X, Jiang H. Characteristics of clinical trials for non-small cell lung cancer therapeutic vaccines registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. Front Immunol 2022; 13:936667. [PMID: 36341464 PMCID: PMC9627174 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.936667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Even after complete surgical treatment or chemotherapy, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) patients are also at substantial risk for recurrence and spread trend. Therapeutic cancer vaccination could increase the anti-tumor immune response and prevent tumor relapse. This study aimed to assess the characteristics of NSCLC therapeutic vaccines registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive study of clinical trials for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Therapeutic Vaccines Registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (https://clinicaltrials.gov/) through March 17, 2022. Results This study encompassed 117 registered trials included for data analysis. The number of trials was significantly correlated with a beginning year (r = 0.504, P < 0.010). Of these trials, 45.30% were completed, 12.82% were terminated, and 8.55% were withdrawn. More than half of trials (52.99%) were funded by industry, and more than half of trials (52.14%) were located in economically developed North America. Regarding study designs of these trials, 27.35% were randomized, 52.14% were single group assignment, 83.76% were without masking, 35.90% were phase 1, and more than half of the trials (56.41%) recruited less than 50 participants. The highest proportion of vaccine types was protein/peptide vaccines (41.88%). Regarding TNM staging, the highest proportion of the trials is stage III-IV (26.50%). Conclusion The number of clinical trials about the cancer therapeutic vaccines was sustained an increase in recent years. The main characteristic of clinical trials for NSCLC therapeutic vaccines is lack of randomized control, lack of mask, and recruiting less than 50 participants. In recent years, the protein/peptide vaccines for NSCLC active immunotherapy have been well studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyue Gu
- Department of Pathology, The Yancheng School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, China
| | - Yangjie Xu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Intensive Care Unit, The Yancheng School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hao Jiang,
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Ghatak S, Hascall VC, Karamanos N, Markwald RR, Misra S. Chemotherapy induces feedback up-regulation of CD44v6 in colorectal cancer initiating cells through β-catenin/MDR1 signaling to sustain chemoresistance. Front Oncol 2022; 12:906260. [PMID: 36330477 PMCID: PMC9623568 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.906260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance in colorectal cancer initiating cells (CICs) involves the sustained activation of multiple drug resistance (MDR) and WNT/β-catenin signaling pathways, as well as of alternatively spliced-isoforms of CD44 containing variable exon-6 (CD44v6). In spite of its importance, mechanisms underlying the sustained activity of WNT/β-catenin signaling have remained elusive. The presence of binding elements of the β-catenin-interacting transcription factor TCF4 in the MDR1 and CD44 promoters suggests that crosstalk between WNT/β-catenin/TCF4-activation and the expression of the CD44v6 isoform mediated by FOLFOX, a first-line chemotherapeutic agent for colorectal cancer, could be a fundamental mechanism of FOLFOX resistance. Our results identify that FOLFOX treatment induced WNT3A secretion, which stimulated a positive feedback loop coupling β-catenin signaling and CD44v6 splicing. In conjunction with FOLFOX induced WNT3A signal, specific CD44v6 variants produced by alternative splicing subsequently enhance the late wave of WNT/β-catenin activation to facilitate cell cycle progression. Moreover, we revealed that FOLFOX-mediated sustained WNT signal requires the formation of a CD44v6-LRP6-signalosome in caveolin microdomains, which leads to increased FOLFOX efflux. FOLFOX-resistance in colorectal CICs occurs in the absence of tumor-suppressor disabled-2 (DAB2), an inhibitor of WNT/β-catenin signaling. Conversely, in sensitive cells, DAB2 inhibition of WNT-signaling requires interaction with a clathrin containing CD44v6-LRP6-signalosome. Furthermore, full-length CD44v6, once internalized through the caveolin-signalosome, is translocated to the nucleus where in complex with TCF4, it binds to β-catenin/TCF4-regulated MDR1, or to CD44 promoters, which leads to FOLFOX-resistance and CD44v6 transcription through transcriptional-reprogramming. These findings provide evidence that targeting CD44v6-mediated LRP6/β-catenin-signaling and drug efflux may represent a novel approach to overcome FOLFOX resistance and inhibit tumor progression in colorectal CICs. Thus, sustained drug resistance in colorectal CICs is mediated by overexpression of CD44v6, which is both a functional biomarker and a therapeutic target in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibnath Ghatak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Department Natural Sciences, Trident Technical College, North Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Vincent C. Hascall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering/ND20, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Nikos Karamanos
- University of Patras, Matrix Pathobiology Res. Group, Department of Chemistry, Patras, Greece
| | - Roger R. Markwald
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Suniti Misra
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Department Natural Sciences, Trident Technical College, North Charleston, SC, United States
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Manni W, Min W. Signaling pathways in the regulation of cancer stem cells and associated targeted therapy. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e176. [PMID: 36226253 PMCID: PMC9534377 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are defined as a subpopulation of malignant tumor cells with selective capacities for tumor initiation, self-renewal, metastasis, and unlimited growth into bulks, which are believed as a major cause of progressive tumor phenotypes, including recurrence, metastasis, and treatment failure. A number of signaling pathways are involved in the maintenance of stem cell properties and survival of CSCs, including well-established intrinsic pathways, such as the Notch, Wnt, and Hedgehog signaling, and extrinsic pathways, such as the vascular microenvironment and tumor-associated immune cells. There is also intricate crosstalk between these signal cascades and other oncogenic pathways. Thus, targeting pathway molecules that regulate CSCs provides a new option for the treatment of therapy-resistant or -refractory tumors. These treatments include small molecule inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies that target key signaling in CSCs, as well as CSC-directed immunotherapies that harness the immune systems to target CSCs. This review aims to provide an overview of the regulating networks and their immune interactions involved in CSC development. We also address the update on the development of CSC-directed therapeutics, with a special focus on those with application approval or under clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Manni
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduP. R. China
| | - Wu Min
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of North DakotaGrand ForksNorth DakotaUSA
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106
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Feng Z, Hom ME, Bearrood TE, Rosenthal ZC, Fernández D, Ondrus AE, Gu Y, McCormick AK, Tomaske MG, Marshall CR, Kline T, Chen CH, Mochly-Rosen D, Kuo CJ, Chen JK. Targeting colorectal cancer with small-molecule inhibitors of ALDH1B1. Nat Chem Biol 2022; 18:1065-1075. [PMID: 35788181 PMCID: PMC9529790 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01048-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) are promising cancer drug targets, as certain isoforms are required for the survival of stem-like tumor cells. We have discovered selective inhibitors of ALDH1B1, a mitochondrial enzyme that promotes colorectal and pancreatic cancer. We describe bicyclic imidazoliums and guanidines that target the ALDH1B1 active site with comparable molecular interactions and potencies. Both pharmacophores abrogate ALDH1B1 function in cells; however, the guanidines circumvent an off-target mitochondrial toxicity exhibited by the imidazoliums. Our lead isoform-selective guanidinyl antagonists of ALDHs exhibit proteome-wide target specificity, and they selectively block the growth of colon cancer spheroids and organoids. Finally, we have used genetic and chemical perturbations to elucidate the ALDH1B1-dependent transcriptome, which includes genes that regulate mitochondrial metabolism and ribosomal function. Our findings support an essential role for ALDH1B1 in colorectal cancer, provide molecular probes for studying ALDH1B1 functions and yield leads for developing ALDH1B1-targeting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Feng
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marisa E Hom
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Thomas E Bearrood
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zachary C Rosenthal
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Fernández
- Macromolecular Structure Knowledge Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alison E Ondrus
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yuchao Gu
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Cody R Marshall
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Toni Kline
- SPARK at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Che-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Calvin J Kuo
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - James K Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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107
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Jiang X, Jiang Z, Cheng Q, Sun W, Jiang M, Sun Y. Cholecystectomy promotes the development of colorectal cancer by the alternation of bile acid metabolism and the gut microbiota. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1000563. [PMID: 36213655 PMCID: PMC9540502 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1000563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) have been markedly increasing worldwide, causing a tremendous burden to the healthcare system. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the risk factors and pathogenesis of CRC. Cholecystectomy is a gold standard procedure for treating symptomatic cholelithiasis and gallstone diseases. The rhythm of bile acids entering the intestine is altered after cholecystectomy, which leads to metabolic disorders. Nonetheless, emerging evidence suggests that cholecystectomy might be associated with the development of CRC. It has been reported that alterations in bile acid metabolism and gut microbiota are the two main reasons. However, the potential mechanisms still need to be elucidated. In this review, we mainly discussed how bile acid metabolism, gut microbiota, and the interaction between the two factors influence the development of CRC. Subsequently, we summarized the underlying mechanisms of the alterations in bile acid metabolism after cholecystectomy including cellular level, molecular level, and signaling pathways. The potential mechanisms of the alterations on gut microbiota contain an imbalance of bile acid metabolism, cellular immune abnormality, acid-base imbalance, activation of cancer-related pathways, and induction of toxin, inflammation, and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhongxiu Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qi Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Sun,
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Yan YY, Zhang XX, Xiao Y, Shen XB, Jian YJ, Wang YM, She ZH, Liu MM, Liu XH. Design and Synthesis of a 2-Amino-pyridine Derivative as a Potent CDK8 Inhibitor for Anti-colorectal Cancer Therapy. J Med Chem 2022; 65:13216-13239. [PMID: 36126227 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
CDK8 is a transcriptional cyclin-dependent kinase and considered as a potential target in colon cancer therapeutics. Here, a novel selective CDK8 inhibitor was identified against colon cancer in vivo. Specifically, based on the structural information of the sorafenib-bound CDK8 structure, a series of novel 2-amino-pyridine derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated. Among them, compound 29 showed strong inhibitory activity against CDK8 with an IC50 value of 46 nM and favorable selectivity. And there is an apparent interaction between the endogenous or overexpressed CDK8 and biotinylated-29. This compound exhibited antiproliferation potency on colon cancer cell lines with a high CDK8 expression level, suppressed the activation of WNT/β-catenin and transcriptional activity of the TCF family, and induced G1 phase arrested in HCT-116 cells. In addition, this compound showed potent activity against sorafenib-resistant HCT-116 cells. What's more, it exhibited low toxicity and suitable pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles and showed preferable antitumor effects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yao Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, P.R. China
| | - Xing Xing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yun Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Bao Shen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, P.R. China
| | - Yu Jie Jian
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yu Meng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, P.R. China
| | - Zi Hao She
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, P.R. China
| | - Ming Ming Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, P.R. China
| | - Xin Hua Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, P.R. China
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Disulfiram increases the efficacy of 5-fluorouracil in organotypic cultures of colorectal carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113465. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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110
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Fedoros EI, Tyndyk ML, Popovich IG, Anikin IV, Yurova MN, Gubareva EA, Pigarev SE, Panchenko AV, Solovyev ND, Anisimov VN. Assessment of antitumor activity of BP-C1, a platinum-based anticancer agent with a lignin-derived polymeric ligand, in autochthonous induced and spontaneous carcinogenesis rodent models. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 73:127013. [PMID: 35679766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A standard approach to study the anticancer activity of novel drugs is their testing in animals with inoculated tumors, which has some limitations. An alternative is the use of spontaneous or carcinogen-induced tumor models as they have better translation potential. The carcinogen-induced and transgenic tumor models were used to assess the antitumor activity of BP-C1, a platinum-containing drug with lignin-derived polymeric ligand. METHODS We used female Swiss-H-derived mice and Wistar female rats to induce autochthonous tumors via exposure to benzo[a]pyrene and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, respectively. Additionally, transgenic HER-2/neu FVB/N female mice, prone to the development of spontaneous mammary carcinomas, were used. RESULTS Antitumor activity of BP-C1 was observed in soft tissue sarcomas, induced by benzo[a]pyrene. The animals treated with BP-C1 exhibited more stabilizations and therapy responses compared to placebo controls. The efficacy of BP-C1 was somewhat reduced compared to cyclophosphamide; however, their combination resulted in an enhanced antitumor effect. For the 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced rat colon cancer model, BP-C1 reduced tumor multiplicity by 21-41 %. For mammary adenocarcinomas in HER-2/neu FVB/N mice, short-termed complete responses were observed in the BP-C1 groups with a frequency of 12-13 %, while complete responses were absent in the placebo group. CONCLUSION The results acquired indicated a wide spectrum of antitumor activity of BP-C1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena I Fedoros
- Department of Carcinogenesis and Oncogerontology, N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 68, Leningradskaya Str., Pesochny, Saint Petersburg 197758, Russia; Nobel Ltd., of. 333, 271A, pr. Obukhovskoy Oborony, Saint Petersburg 192012, Russia
| | - Margarita L Tyndyk
- Department of Carcinogenesis and Oncogerontology, N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 68, Leningradskaya Str., Pesochny, Saint Petersburg 197758, Russia
| | - Irina G Popovich
- Department of Carcinogenesis and Oncogerontology, N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 68, Leningradskaya Str., Pesochny, Saint Petersburg 197758, Russia
| | - Ivan V Anikin
- Department of Carcinogenesis and Oncogerontology, N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 68, Leningradskaya Str., Pesochny, Saint Petersburg 197758, Russia
| | - Maria N Yurova
- Department of Carcinogenesis and Oncogerontology, N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 68, Leningradskaya Str., Pesochny, Saint Petersburg 197758, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Gubareva
- Department of Carcinogenesis and Oncogerontology, N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 68, Leningradskaya Str., Pesochny, Saint Petersburg 197758, Russia
| | - Sergey E Pigarev
- Department of Carcinogenesis and Oncogerontology, N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 68, Leningradskaya Str., Pesochny, Saint Petersburg 197758, Russia; Nobel Ltd., of. 333, 271A, pr. Obukhovskoy Oborony, Saint Petersburg 192012, Russia
| | - Andrey V Panchenko
- Department of Carcinogenesis and Oncogerontology, N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 68, Leningradskaya Str., Pesochny, Saint Petersburg 197758, Russia
| | - Nikolay D Solovyev
- Atlantic Technological University, ATU Sligo, Ash Lane, Sligo F91 YW50, Ireland.
| | - Vladimir N Anisimov
- Department of Carcinogenesis and Oncogerontology, N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 68, Leningradskaya Str., Pesochny, Saint Petersburg 197758, Russia
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Zhu X, Huang Y. Theoretical study on paramagnetic amino carbon nanotube as fluorouracil drug delivery system. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022; 75:103670. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
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Cui Y, Zhao M, Yang Y, Xu R, Tong L, Liang J, Zhang X, Sun Y, Fan Y. Reversal of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Inhibition of Tumor Stemness of Breast Cancer Cells Through Advanced Combined Chemotherapy. Acta Biomater 2022; 152:380-392. [PMID: 36028199 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The abnormal activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in drug-resistant tumor cells and cancer stem cells (CSCs) stimulate tumor metastasis and recurrence. Here, a promising combined chemotherapeutic strategy of salinomycin (SL) and doxorubicin (DOX) with specific inhibition of tumor stemness by a targeted co-delivery nanosystem was developed to overcome this abnormal progression. This strategy could be benefit drugs to effectively penetrate and infiltrate into spheres of 3D-cultured breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). The expression of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related genes (β-catenin, LRP6, LEF1, and TCF12) and target genes (Cyclin D1, Cmyc, and Fibronectin) as well as CSC stemness-related genes (Oct4, Nanog, and Hes1) was downregulated by redox-sensitive co-delivery micelles decorated with oligohyaluronic acid as the active targeting moiety. The changes in EMT-associated gene expression (E-cadherin and Vimentin) in vitro showed that the EMT process was also effectively inverted. This strategy achieved a strong inhibitory effect on solid tumor growth and an effective reduction in the risk of tumor metastasis in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice in vivo and effectively alleviated splenomegaly caused by the malignant tumor. Immunohistochemical staining analysis of E-cadherin, Vimentin, and β-catenin confirmed that the inversion of the EMT was also achieved in solid tumors. These results highlight the potential of SL and DOX combined chemotherapeutic strategy for eliminating breast carcinoma. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Cancer stem cells (CSCs), as an important part of tumor heterogeneity, can survive against conventional chemotherapy and initiate tumorigenesis, recurrence, and metastasis. Moreover, non-CSCs can convert into the CSC state through the abnormal Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which is closely related to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. Here, redox-degradable binary drug-loaded micelles (PPH/DOX+SL) were designed to target CSCs and overcome drug resistance of breast cancer cells. The combined chemotherapy of salinomycin (SL) and doxorubicin (DOX) reversed drug resistance, while the PPH/DOX+SL micelles enhanced the intracellular accumulation and drug penetration of BCSC spheres. The introduction of SL downregulated the expression of tumor stemness genes and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related genes and inverted the EMT process. PPH/DOX+SL continuously inhibited tumor growth and invasion in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Cui
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P.R.China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P.R.China
| | - Mingda Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P.R.China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P.R.China
| | - Yuedi Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P.R.China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P.R.China
| | - Ruiling Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P.R.China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P.R.China
| | - Lei Tong
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P.R.China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P.R.China
| | - Jie Liang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P.R.China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P.R.China; Sichuan Testing Centre for Biomaterials and Medical Devices, No.29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P.R.China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P.R.China
| | - Yong Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P.R.China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P.R.China.
| | - Yujiang Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P.R.China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P.R.China.
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Xu DH, Zhou B, Li ZP, He LP, Wang XJ. Colitis and colorectal tumors should be further explored and differentiated. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:1597-1599. [PMID: 36160738 PMCID: PMC9412929 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i8.1597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The original article by Yuichi et al explored whether the Japan Narrow-Band Imaging Expert Team classification and the pit pattern classification are suitable for diagnosing neoplastic lesions in patients with ulcerative colitis. In this letter, we offer some other perspectives. Risk factors for colorectal tumors include type 2 diabetes. Among genetic factors, the deletion or mutation of some genes, such as the p53 gene, can lead to colorectal tumors. There are significant gender differences in the occurrence and development of colorectal tumors. Some non-genetic factors, such as smoking, are also associated with the development of colorectal tumors. These all suggest that colorectal tumors are not only caused by ulcerative colitis, and we suggest further exploration and differentiation between colitis and colorectal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hui Xu
- School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Li
- School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lian-Ping He
- School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xin-Juan Wang
- School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, Zhejiang Province, China
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Ultrasensitive Detection of GRP78 in Exosomes and Observation of Migration and Proliferation of Cancer Cells by Application of GRP78-Containing Exosomes. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163887. [PMID: 36010879 PMCID: PMC9405752 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer cells release exosomes to their surrounding cells, and it is believed that trace amounts of proteins included in exosomes promote cancer stemness. In the present study, we note 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), which is involved in cancer progression, and present the protocol for measurements of trace amounts of GRP78 in exosomes released from cultured gastric cancer cells using an ultrasensitive ELISA with thio-NAD cycling. We found that when high-GRP78-containing exosomes were incubated with cultured cancer cells, these cells increased their stemness, for example, an increase in indices of both an MTT assay and a wound healing assay. The technique for quantifying proteins in exosomes described here will advance our understanding of cancer stemness progression via exosomes. Abstract Cancer cells communicate with each other via exosomes in the tumor microenvironment. However, measuring trace amounts of proteins in exosomes is difficult, and thus the cancer stemness-promoting mechanisms of exosomal proteins have not been elucidated. In the present study, we attempted to quantify trace amounts of 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), which is involved in cancer progression, in exosomes released from cultured gastric cancer cells using an ultrasensitive ELISA combined with thio-NAD cycling. We also evaluated the cancer stemness-promoting effects by the application of high-GRP78-containing exosomes to cultured gastric cancer cells. The ultrasensitive ELISA enabled the detection of GRP78 at a limit of detection of 0.16 pg/mL. The stemness of cancer cultured cells incubated with high-GRP78-containing exosomes obtained from GRP78-overexpressed cells was increased on the basis of both an MTT assay and a wound healing assay. Our results demonstrated that the ultrasensitive ELISA has strong potential to measure trace amounts of proteins in exosomes. Further, exosomes with a high concentration of GRP78 promote the cancer stemness of surrounding cells. The technique for quantifying proteins in exosomes described here will advance our understanding of cancer stemness progression via exosomes.
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Wang S, Cheng L, Jing F, Li G. Screening and identification of immune-related genes for immunotherapy and prognostic assessment in colorectal cancer patients. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:177. [PMID: 35941638 PMCID: PMC9358808 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01329-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence indicates that the immune microenvironment plays a key role in the genesis and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to establish an immune-related gene (IRG) signature and determine its clinical prognostic value in patients with CRC. Methods The RNA sequencing and associated clinical data of CRC were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. We then screened for differentially expressed IRGs by intersecting with IRGs obtained from the Immunology Database and Analysis Portal. Functional enrichment analyses were carried out to determine the potential biological functions and pathways of the IRGs. We also explored the specific molecular mechanisms of the IRGs by constructing regulatory networks. Prognostic IRGs were obtained by LASSO regression analysis, and subsequently, gene models were constructed in the TCGA dataset to confirm the predictive capacity of these IRGs. Finally, we used the TIMER tool to assess the immune properties of prognostic IRGs and correlate them with immune cells. Results We identified 409 differentially expressed IRGs in patients with CRC. Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology enrichment analyses suggested that these differentially expressed IRGs were significantly related to 102 cancer signalling pathways and various biological functions. Based on the prediction and interaction results, we obtained 59 TF–IRG, 48 miRNA–IRG, and 214 drug–IRG interaction networks for CRC. Four prognostic genes (POMC, TNFRSF19, FGF2, and SCG2) were developed by integrating 47 survival-related IRGs and 42 characteristic CRC genes. The results of gene model showed that patients in the low risk group had better survival outcomes compared to those in the high risk group. The expression of POMC, TNFRSF19, FGF2, and SCG2 was significantly correlated with immune cells. Conclusion This study identified some valid IRGs, and these findings can provide strong evidence for precision immunotherapy in patients with CRC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-022-01329-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, 214000, China.
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Fa Jing
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Gan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, 214000, China.
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Wang S, Cheng L, Wu H, Li G. Mechanisms and prospects of circular RNAs and their interacting signaling pathways in colorectal cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:949656. [PMID: 35992800 PMCID: PMC9382640 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.949656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the leading malignant tumor in terms of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and its pathogenesis involves multiple factors, including environment, lifestyle, and genetics. Continuing evidence suggests that circular RNAs (circRNAs), as a novel non-coding RNA, constitute an important genetic variable in the pathogenesis of CRC. These circRNAs with covalently closed-loop structures exist objectively in organisms. They not only have the biological functions of regulating the expression of target genes, changing the activity of proteins, and translating proteins, but also play a key role in the proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis of tumor cells. CRC is one of the most common cancers in which circRNAs are involved in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance, and circRNAs have been demonstrated to function through crosstalk with multiple signaling pathways. Therefore, this review summarizes the biological and carcinogenic functions of circRNAs and their related PI3K/AKT, MAPK, Notch, JAK/STAT, Hippo/YAP, WNT/β-catenin, and VEGF signaling pathways in CRC. We further explore the clinical value of circRNAs and important signaling proteins in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of CRC.
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Sakarin S, Meesiripan N, Sangrajrang S, Suwanpidokkul N, Prayakprom P, Bodhibukkana C, Khaowroongrueng V, Suriyachan K, Thanasittichai S, Srisubat A, Surawongsin P, Rattanapinyopituk K. Antitumor Effects of Cannabinoids in Human Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cell Line (Capan-2)-Derived Xenograft Mouse Model. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:867575. [PMID: 35937289 PMCID: PMC9353045 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.867575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer is considered a rare type of cancer, but the mortality rate is high. Cannabinoids extracted from the cannabis plant have been interested as an alternative treatment in cancer patients. Only a few studies are available on the antitumor effects of cannabinoids in pancreatic cancer. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the antitumor effects of cannabinoids in pancreatic cancer xenografted mouse model. Materials and Methods Twenty-five nude mice were subcutaneously transplanted with a human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell line (Capan-2). All mice were randomly assigned into 5 groups including negative control (gavage with sesame oil), positive control (5 mg/kg 5-fluorouracil intraperitoneal administration), and cannabinoids groups that daily received THC:CBD, 1:6 at 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg body weight for 30 days, respectively. Xenograft tumors and internal organs were collected for histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry. Results The average tumor volume was increased in all groups with no significant difference. The average apoptotic cells and caspase-3 positive cells were significantly increased in cannabinoid groups compared with the negative control group. The expression score of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in positive control and cannabinoids groups was decreased compared with the negative control group. Conclusions Cannabinoids have an antitumor effect on the Capan-2-derived xenograft mouse model though induce apoptosis and inhibit proliferation of tumor cells in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriwan Sakarin
- Division of Research and Academic Support, National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nuntana Meesiripan
- Division of Research and Academic Support, National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suleeporn Sangrajrang
- Division of Research and Academic Support, National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | | - Kankanit Suriyachan
- Institute of Medical Research and Technology Assessment, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Somchai Thanasittichai
- Institute of Medical Research and Technology Assessment, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Attasit Srisubat
- Division of Medical Technical and Academic Affairs, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Pattamaporn Surawongsin
- Research and Technology Assessment Department, Ophthalmology Department, Lerdsin Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kasem Rattanapinyopituk
- Center of Excellent for Companion Animal Cancer, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Kasem Rattanapinyopituk
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Guo J, Zhao J, Fu W, Xu Q, Huang D. Immune Evasion and Drug Resistance Mediated by USP22 in Cancer: Novel Targets and Mechanisms. Front Immunol 2022; 13:918314. [PMID: 35935969 PMCID: PMC9347222 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.918314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of ubiquitination is involved in various processes in cancer occurrence and development, including cell cycle arrest, cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, and immunity. Ubiquitination plays an important role not only at the transcriptional and post-translational levels but also at the protein level. When ubiquitination is in a pathological state, abnormally activated biological processes will not only induce cancer progression but also induce immune evasion. The main function of deubiquitinases (DUBs) is to remove ubiquitin chains from substrates, changing the biological activity of the substrates. It has great potential to improve the prognosis of cancer by targeting DUB to regulate proteome. Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 22 (USP22) belongs to the ubiquitin-specific protease (USP) family of DUBs and has been reported to be related to various physiological and pathological processes. USP22 is abnormally expressed in various malignant tumors such as prostate cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, and colorectal cancer, which suggests that USP22 may play an important role in tumors. USP22 may stabilize programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) by deubiquitination while also regulating T-cell infiltration into tumors. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a unique class of immunosuppressive CD4+ T cells that primarily suppress the immune system by expressing the master transcription factor forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3). USP22 was found to be a positive regulator of stable FOXP3 expression. Treg-specific ablation of USP22 leads to reduced tumor volume in multiple cancer models. This suggests that USP22 may regulate tumor resistance to immunotherapy. In this article, we review and summarize the biological functions of USP22 in multiple signal transduction pathways during tumorigenesis, immune evasion, and drug resistance. Furthermore, we propose a new possibility of combining USP22 with chemotherapeutic, targeted, and immunosuppressive drugs in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Guo
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Fu
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiuran Xu
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongsheng Huang
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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Gu J, Zhu N, Li HF, Zhang CJ, Gong YZ, Liao DF, Qin L. Ezetimibe and Cancer: Is There a Connection? Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:831657. [PMID: 35924044 PMCID: PMC9340271 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.831657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The high level of serum cholesterol caused by the excessive absorption of cholesterol can lead to hypercholesteremia, thus promoting the occurrence and development of cancer. Ezetimibe is a drug that reduces cholesterol absorption and has been widely used for the treatment of patients with high circulating cholesterol levels for many years. Mechanistically, ezetimibe works by binding to NPC1L1, which is a key mediator of cholesterol absorption. Accumulating data from preclinical models have shown that ezetimibe alone could inhibit the development and progression of cancer through a variety of mechanisms, including anti-angiogenesis, stem cell suppression, anti-inflammation, immune enhancement and anti-proliferation. In the past decade, there has been heated discussion on whether ezetimibe combined with statins will increase the risk of cancer. At present, more and more evidence shows that ezetimibe does not increase the risk of cancers, which supports the role of ezetimibe in anti-cancer. In this review, we discussed the latest progress in the anti-cancer properties of ezetimibe and elucidated its underlying molecular mechanisms. Finally, we highlighted the potential of ezetimibe as a therapeutic agent in future cancer treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Gu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation With Chinese Medicine and its Application, HunanUniversity of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Neng Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Hong-Fang Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation With Chinese Medicine and its Application, HunanUniversity of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Chan-Juan Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation With Chinese Medicine and its Application, HunanUniversity of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yong-Zhen Gong
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation With Chinese Medicine and its Application, HunanUniversity of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Duan-Fang Liao
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation With Chinese Medicine and its Application, HunanUniversity of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Li Qin
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation With Chinese Medicine and its Application, HunanUniversity of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Institutional Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Hunan Province Engineering Research Center of Bioactive Substance Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Li Qin,
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Zhao H, Ming T, Tang S, Ren S, Yang H, Liu M, Tao Q, Xu H. Wnt signaling in colorectal cancer: pathogenic role and therapeutic target. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:144. [PMID: 35836256 PMCID: PMC9281132 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01616-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 126.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Wnt signaling pathway is a complex network of protein interactions that functions most commonly in embryonic development and cancer, but is also involved in normal physiological processes in adults. The canonical Wnt signaling pathway regulates cell pluripotency and determines the differentiation fate of cells during development. The canonical Wnt signaling pathway (also known as the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway) is a recognized driver of colon cancer and one of the most representative signaling pathways. As a functional effector molecule of Wnt signaling, the modification and degradation of β-catenin are key events in the Wnt signaling pathway and the development and progression of colon cancer. Therefore, the Wnt signaling pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diseases, especially the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Objective Inhibit the Wnt signaling pathway to explore the therapeutic targets of colorectal cancer. Methods Based on studying the Wnt pathway, master the biochemical processes related to the Wnt pathway, and analyze the relevant targets when drugs or inhibitors act on the Wnt pathway, to clarify the medication ideas of drugs or inhibitors for the treatment of diseases, especially colorectal cancer. Results Wnt signaling pathways include: Wnt/β-catenin or canonical Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity (Wnt-PCP) pathway and Wnt-Ca2+ signaling pathway. The Wnt signaling pathway is closely related to cancer cell proliferation, stemness, apoptosis, autophagy, metabolism, inflammation and immunization, microenvironment, resistance, ion channel, heterogeneity, EMT/migration/invasion/metastasis. Drugs/phytochemicals and molecular preparations for the Wnt pathway of CRC treatment have now been developed. Wnt inhibitors are also commonly used clinically for the treatment of CRC. Conclusion The development of drugs/phytochemicals and molecular inhibitors targeting the Wnt pathway can effectively treat colorectal cancer clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Tianqi Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Shun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Shan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Han Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Maolun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Qiu Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Haibo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Zhang X, Ma Y, Ma J, Yang L, Song Q, Wang H, Lv G. Glutathione Peroxidase 4 as a Therapeutic Target for Anti-Colorectal Cancer Drug-Tolerant Persister Cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:913669. [PMID: 35719967 PMCID: PMC9203854 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.913669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the effectiveness of chemotherapy and targeted therapy for colorectal cancer, drug resistance drives therapy failure and tumor relapse. Increasing evidence has suggested that cancer cells can enter a reversible drug-tolerant persister state to survive chemotherapy or targeted agents. However, the traits and treatable vulnerabilities of anti-colorectal cancer drug-tolerant persister cells is not yet known. Methods In this study, we established 5-fluorouracil and AZ628-tolerant persister cell models in two colorectal cancer cell lines, namely HCT116 and SW620, and revealed the characteristics of colorectal cancer persister cells by cell viability assay and flow cytometry. We investigated the efficacy and mechanism of ferroptosis inducers RSL3 and FIN56 on persister cells, which are glutathione peroxidase 4 inhibitors. In the xenograft mouse model, we further evaluated the inhibitory effect of RSL3 on tumor regrowth. Results Colorectal cancer persister cells, which were enriched in the residual cancer cell population, exhibited reduced drug sensitivity, were largely quiescent and expressed high levels of stem cell-related genes and mesenchymal markers but not epithelial markers. The persister cells were more sensitive and underwent ferroptosis induced by glutathione peroxidase 4 inhibitors. Mechanistically, glutathione peroxidase 4 and ferrous iron, which are pivotal ferroptosis regulators, were upregulated in residual cells or tumors, and were hence potential therapeutic targets of persister cells. In the xenograft model, we confirmed that inhibition of glutathione peroxidase 4 restrained tumor regrowth after discontinuation of anti-cancer drug treatment. Moreover, biopsies obtained from patients with colorectal cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy revealed upregulated glutathione peroxidase 4 and ferritin heavy chain 1. High glutathione peroxidase 4 expression correlates with a worse prognosis in colorectal cancer patients. Conclusions Our work reveals that the upregulated glutathione peroxidase 4 and ferrous iron in anti-colorectal cancer drug-tolerant persister cells were potential therapeutic targets. Glutathione peroxidase 4 inhibition combined with chemotherapy or targeted therapy may be a promising therapy for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology of Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qingzhi Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guoqing Lv
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
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Oncofetal proteins and cancer stem cells. Essays Biochem 2022; 66:423-433. [PMID: 35670043 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20220025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered as a small population of cells with stem-like properties within the tumor bulk, and are largely responsible for tumor recurrence, metastasis, and therapy resistance. CSCs share critical features with embryonic stem cells (ESCs). The pluripotent transcription factors (TFs) and developmental signaling pathways of ESCs are invariably hijacked by CSCs termed ‘oncofetal drivers’ in many cancers, which are rarely detectable in adult tissues. The unique expression pattern makes oncofetal proteins ideal therapeutic targets in cancer treatment. Therefore, elucidation of oncofetal drivers in cancers is critical for the development of effective CSCs-directed therapy. In this review, we summarize the common pluripotent TFs such as OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, KLF4, MYC, SALL4, and FOXM1, as well as the development signaling including Wnt/β-catenin, Hedgehog (Hh), Hippo, Notch, and TGF-β pathways of ESCs and CSCs. We also describe the newly identified oncofetal proteins that drive the self-renewal, plasticity, and therapy-resistance of CSCs. Finally, we explore how the clinical implementation of targeting oncofetal drivers, including small-molecule inhibitors, vaccines, antibodies, and CAR-T (chimeric antigen receptor T cell) can facilitate the development of CSCs-directed therapy.
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p53 wild-type colorectal cancer cells that express a fetal gene signature are associated with metastasis and poor prognosis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2866. [PMID: 35606354 PMCID: PMC9126967 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30382-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Current therapy against colorectal cancer (CRC) is based on DNA-damaging agents that remain ineffective in a proportion of patients. Whether and how non-curative DNA damage-based treatment affects tumor cell behavior and patient outcome is primarily unstudied. Using CRC patient-derived organoids (PDO)s, we show that sublethal doses of chemotherapy (CT) does not select previously resistant tumor populations but induces a quiescent state specifically to TP53 wildtype (WT) cancer cells, which is linked to the acquisition of a YAP1-dependent fetal phenotype. Cells displaying this phenotype exhibit high tumor-initiating and metastatic activity. Nuclear YAP1 and fetal traits are present in a proportion of tumors at diagnosis and predict poor prognosis in patients carrying TP53 WT CRC tumors. We provide data indicating the higher efficacy of CT together with YAP1 inhibitors for eradication of therapy resistant TP53 WT cancer cells. Together these results identify fetal conversion as a useful biomarker for patient prognosis and therapy prescription. The failure of chemotherapy in colorectal cancer is currently unclear. Here, the authors show that upon sub-lethal dose of chemotherapy wild-type p53 colorectal cancers acquire a quiescence-like phenotype and a YAP-dependent fetal-like intestinal stem cell state associated with a higher metastatic activity and poor prognosis in patients.
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Sharifi-Azad M, Fathi M, Cho WC, Barzegari A, Dadashi H, Dadashpour M, Jahanban-Esfahlan R. Recent advances in targeted drug delivery systems for resistant colorectal cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:196. [PMID: 35590367 PMCID: PMC9117978 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02605-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the deadliest cancers in the world, the incidences and morality rate are rising and poses an important threat to the public health. It is known that multiple drug resistance (MDR) is one of the major obstacles in CRC treatment. Tumor microenvironment plus genomic instability, tumor derived exosomes (TDE), cancer stem cells (CSCs), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), cell-free DNA (cfDNA), as well as cellular signaling pathways are important issues regarding resistance. Since non-targeted therapy causes toxicity, diverse side effects, and undesired efficacy, targeted therapy with contribution of various carriers has been developed to address the mentioned shortcomings. In this paper the underlying causes of MDR and then various targeting strategies including exosomes, liposomes, hydrogels, cell-based carriers and theranostics which are utilized to overcome therapeutic resistance will be described. We also discuss implication of emerging approaches involving single cell approaches and computer-aided drug delivery with high potential for meeting CRC medical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Sharifi-Azad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Fathi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Abolfazl Barzegari
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Dadashi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Dadashpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Rana Jahanban-Esfahlan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Salerno S, Ståhlberg A, Holdfeldt A, Bexe Lindskog E, Landberg G. 5-fluorouracil treatment of patient-derived scaffolds from colorectal cancer reveal clinically critical information. J Transl Med 2022; 20:209. [PMID: 35562738 PMCID: PMC9102939 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03423-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is a commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. Unfortunately, many patients do not respond to standard chemotherapy treatments and develop disease relapse and metastases. Besides cancer cell specific genetic changes, heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment contribute to the clinical presentation of the disease and can potentially also influence drug resistance. By using a recently developed patient-derived scaffold method monitoring how a standardized reporter cancer cell line adapts to various microenvironments treated with chemotherapy, we wanted to clarify how individual patient specific microenvironments influence the chemotherapy response in colorectal cancer. METHODS Surgically resected colorectal cancer specimens from 89 patients were decellularized to produce patient-derived scaffold, which were seeded with HT29 cells, cultured for 3 weeks, and treated with 5-fluorouracil. Gene expression changes of adapted and treated HT29 cells were monitored by qPCR and compared with clinical parameters including disease-free survival. RESULTS The effects of 5-fluorouracil treatment varied between different patient-derived scaffold, but generally induced a reduced expression of proliferation genes and increased expression of pluripotency and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition genes. Interestingly, patient-derived scaffold cultures obtained from patients with disease recurrences showed a significantly less pronounced anti-proliferative effect of 5-fluorouracil and more pronounced increase of pluripotency, with MKI67 and POU5F1 being among the most significant genes linked to disease relapse in colorectal cancer. CONCLUSIONS Colorectal patient-derived scaffold can decode clinically relevant tumor microenvironmental influence of 5-fluorouracil treatment effects opening up for optimized precision medicine in colorectal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Salerno
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Ståhlberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - André Holdfeldt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elinor Bexe Lindskog
- Department of Surgery, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Surgical Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran Landberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Department of Pathology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Lai CR, Wang HH, Chang HH, Tsai YL, Tsai WC, Lee CR, Changchien CY, Cheng YC, Wu ST, Chen Y. Enhancement of Farnesoid X Receptor Inhibits Migration, Adhesion and Angiogenesis through Proteasome Degradation and VEGF Reduction in Bladder Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095259. [PMID: 35563650 PMCID: PMC9103877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Bladder cancer is a malignant tumor mainly caused by exposure to environmental chemicals, with a high recurrence rate. NR1H4, also known as Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR), acts as a nuclear receptor that can be activated by binding with bile acids, and FXR is highly correlated with the progression of cancers. The aim of this study was to verify the role of FXR in bladder cancer cells. (2) Methods: A FXR overexpressed system was established to investigate the effect of cell viability, migration, adhesion, and angiogenesis in low-grade TSGH8301 and high-grade T24 cells. (3) Results: After FXR overexpression, the ability of migration, adhesion, invasion and angiogenesis of bladder cancer cells declined significantly. Focal adhesive complex, MMP2, MMP9, and angiogenic-related proteins were decreased, while FXR was overexpressed in bladder cancer cells. Moreover, FXR overexpression reduced vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA and protein expression and secretion in bladder cancer cells. After treatment with the proteosome inhibitor MG132, the migration, adhesion and angiogenesis caused by FXR overexpression were all reversed in bladder cancer cells. (4) Conclusions: These results may provide evidence on the role of FXR in bladder cancer, and thus may improve the therapeutic efficacy of urothelial carcinoma in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Rui Lai
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (C.-R.L.); (H.-H.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-C.C.)
| | - Hisao-Hsien Wang
- Department of Urology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
| | - Hsin-Han Chang
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (C.-R.L.); (H.-H.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-C.C.)
| | - Yu-Ling Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (Y.-L.T.); (W.-C.T.)
| | - Wen-Chiuan Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (Y.-L.T.); (W.-C.T.)
| | - Chen-Ray Lee
- Department of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Ying Changchien
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (C.-R.L.); (H.-H.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-C.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Cheng
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (C.-R.L.); (H.-H.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-C.C.)
| | - Sheng-Tang Wu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-T.W.); (Y.C.); Tel.: +886-2-8792-3100 (ext. 18739) (Y.C.)
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (C.-R.L.); (H.-H.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-C.C.)
- Correspondence: (S.-T.W.); (Y.C.); Tel.: +886-2-8792-3100 (ext. 18739) (Y.C.)
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127
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Wnt/beta-catenin signaling confers ferroptosis resistance by targeting GPX4 in gastric cancer. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:2190-2202. [PMID: 35534546 PMCID: PMC9613693 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01008-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of chemotherapy resistance is the most vital obstacle to clinical efficacy in gastric cancer (GC). The dysregulation of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway is critically associated with GC development and chemotherapy resistance. Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death, induced by an iron-dependent accumulation of lipid peroxides during chemotherapy. However, whether the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling directly controls resistance to cell death, remains unclear. Here, we show that the activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling attenuates cellular lipid ROS production and subsequently inhibits ferroptosis in GC cells. The beta-catenin/TCF4 transcription complex directly binds to the promoter region of GPX4 and induces its expression, resulting in the suppression of ferroptotic cell death. Concordantly, TCF4 deficiency promotes cisplatin-induced ferroptosis in vitro and in vivo. Thus, we demonstrate that the aberrant activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling confers ferroptosis resistance and suggests a potential therapeutic strategy to enhance chemo-sensitivity for advanced GC patients.
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Cao L, Zhu S, Lu H, Soutto M, Bhat N, Chen Z, Peng D, Lin J, Lu J, Li P, Zheng C, Huang C, El-Rifai W. Helicobacter pylori-induced RASAL2 Through Activation of Nuclear Factor-κB Promotes Gastric Tumorigenesis via β-catenin Signaling Axis. Gastroenterology 2022; 162:1716-1731.e17. [PMID: 35134322 PMCID: PMC9038683 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Helicobacter pylori infection is the predominant risk factor for gastric cancer. RAS protein activator like 2 (RASAL2) is considered a double-edged sword in carcinogenesis. Herein, we investigated the role of RASAL2 in response to H pylori infection and gastric tumorigenesis. METHODS Bioinformatics analyses of local and public databases were applied to analyze RASAL2 expression, signaling pathways, and clinical significance. In vitro cell culture, spheroids, patient-derived organoids, and in vivo mouse models were used. Molecular assays included chromatin immunoprecipitation, co-immunoprecipitation, Western blotting, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and immunocyto/histochemistry. RESULTS H pylori infection induced RASAL2 expression via a nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-dependent mechanism whereby NF-κB was directly bound to the RASAL2 promoter activating its transcription. By gene silencing and ectopic overexpression, we found that RASAL2 upregulated β-catenin transcriptional activity. RASAL2 inhibited protein phosphatase 2A activity through direct binding with subsequent activation of the AKT/β-catenin signaling axis. Functionally, RASAL2 silencing decreased nuclear β-catenin levels and impaired tumor spheroids and organoids formation. Furthermore, the depletion of RASAL2 impaired tumor growth in gastric tumor xenograft mouse models. Clinicopathological analysis indicated that abnormal overexpression of RASAL2 correlated with poor prognosis and chemoresistance in human gastric tumors. CONCLUSIONS These studies uncovered a novel signaling axis of NF-κB/RASAL2/β-catenin, providing a novel link between infection, inflammation and gastric tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Cao
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Shoumin Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Heng Lu
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Mohammed Soutto
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Nadeem Bhat
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Dunfa Peng
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Jianxian Lin
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chaohui Zheng
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Changming Huang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami Healthcare System, Miami, Florida; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
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Huang CY, Chien JH, Chang KF, Hsiao CY, Huang YC, Chen YT, Hsu MY, Hsieh MC, Tsai NM. Cedrus atlantica extract exerts antiproliferative effect on colorectal cancer through the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:1638-1648. [PMID: 35592288 PMCID: PMC9094448 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cedrus atlantica is a tree species found in Morocco with many clinical benefits in genitourinary, musculoskeletal, and skin systems. Previous studies have reported that extracts of Cedrus atlantica have antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties. However, its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. The present study investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of Cedrus atlantica extract (CAt) using HT-29 (human colorectal adenocarcinoma) and CT-26 CRC cell lines. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was performed to measure cell viability. Flow cytometry analysis and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay were used to study the cell cycle and cell apoptosis, respectively. The expression of cell cycle and apoptosis-associated proteins was detected by western blotting or immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. CAt showed significant inhibitory effects on the proliferation of HT-29 and CT-26 cells, and combined with the clinical drug, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), exhibited synergistic effects. CAt induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase through the upregulation of p53/p21 and the downregulation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs)/cyclins. In addition, CAt-treated cells exhibited chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, and apoptotic bodies, which are typical characteristics of apoptosis activated via both the extrinsic (Fas ligand (FasL)/Fas/caspase-8) and intrinsic (Bax/caspase-9) pathways. Importantly, CAt suppressed tumor progression and prolonged the life span of mice within a well-tolerated dose. Therefore, our findings provide novel insights into the use of CAt for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yuan Huang
- Devision of Nephrology Department of Internal Medicine Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital Chia-Yi Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Sport Management College of Recreation and Health Management Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science Tainan Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ju-Huei Chien
- Department of Research Taichung Tzu-Chi Hospital Buddhist Tzu-Chi Medical Foundation Taichung Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taichung Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kai-Fu Chang
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology Chung Shan Medical University Taichung Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Yen Hsiao
- Devision of Nephrology Department of Internal Medicine Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital Chia-Yi Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Hospital and Health Care Administration Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science Tainan Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ya-Chih Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology Chung Shan Medical University Taichung Taiwan, ROC.,Institute of Medicine Chung Shan Medical University Taichung Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology Chung Shan Medical University Taichung Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Yi Hsu
- Department of Nursing Chung Shan Medical University Taichung Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Nursing Chung Shan Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Chang Hsieh
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology Chung Shan Medical University Taichung Taiwan, ROC.,Clinical Laboratory Chung Shan Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan, ROC
| | - Nu-Man Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology Chung Shan Medical University Taichung Taiwan, ROC.,Clinical Laboratory Chung Shan Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Life-and-Death Studies Nanhua University Chiayi Taiwan, ROC
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130
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Xiao Q, Werner J, Venkatachalam N, Boonekamp KE, Ebert MP, Zhan T. Cross-Talk between p53 and Wnt Signaling in Cancer. Biomolecules 2022; 12:453. [PMID: 35327645 PMCID: PMC8946298 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting cancer hallmarks is a cardinal strategy to improve antineoplastic treatment. However, cross-talk between signaling pathways and key oncogenic processes frequently convey resistance to targeted therapies. The p53 and Wnt pathway play vital roles for the biology of many tumors, as they are critically involved in cancer onset and progression. Over recent decades, a high level of interaction between the two pathways has been revealed. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of molecular interactions between the p53 and Wnt pathway discovered in cancer, including complex feedback loops and reciprocal transactivation. The mutational landscape of genes associated with p53 and Wnt signaling is described, including mutual exclusive and co-occurring genetic alterations. Finally, we summarize the functional consequences of this cross-talk for cancer phenotypes, such as invasiveness, metastasis or drug resistance, and discuss potential strategies to pharmacologically target the p53-Wnt interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyun Xiao
- Department of Medicine II, Mannheim University Hospital, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany; (Q.X.); (N.V.); (M.P.E.)
| | - Johannes Werner
- Division Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), and Department Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.W.); (K.E.B.)
| | - Nachiyappan Venkatachalam
- Department of Medicine II, Mannheim University Hospital, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany; (Q.X.); (N.V.); (M.P.E.)
| | - Kim E. Boonekamp
- Division Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), and Department Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.W.); (K.E.B.)
| | - Matthias P. Ebert
- Department of Medicine II, Mannheim University Hospital, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany; (Q.X.); (N.V.); (M.P.E.)
- Mannheim Cancer Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
- DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute at the University Medical Center Mannheim, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tianzuo Zhan
- Department of Medicine II, Mannheim University Hospital, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany; (Q.X.); (N.V.); (M.P.E.)
- Mannheim Cancer Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
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Metformin and ICG-001 Act Synergistically to Abrogate Cancer Stem Cells-Mediated Chemoresistance in Colorectal Cancer by Promoting Apoptosis and Autophagy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051281. [PMID: 35267590 PMCID: PMC8908991 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed and lethal malignancies. The majority of CRC patients experience disease relapse after the primary curative treatment strategy of surgery followed by 5FU-based chemotherapy. The presence of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) is considered to be one of the contributing factors to therapy resistance and disease relapse in CRC. Previous studies implicated the role of the Wnt signaling pathway in the maintenance of the CSC phenotype. Therefore, in this study we explored a novel therapeutic strategy using metformin along with ICG-001, a Wnt signaling inhibitor, to abrogate CSC-mediated chemoresistance in CRC. We observed that metformin and ICG-001 abrogate stemness in a synergistic manner by promoting autophagy and apoptosis in 5FU-resistant CRC cells as well as in CRC patient-derived tumor organoids. Hence, metformin and ICG-001 can be used as part of a therapeutic strategy to overcome 5FU-mediated therapeutic resistance in CRC. Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the third most frequently diagnosed cancer in the United States. The current treatment regimens for CRC include surgery followed by 5FU-based chemotherapy. Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) have been implicated in 5FU-mediated chemoresistance, which leads to poor prognosis. In this study, we used metformin along with ICG-001, a Wnt signaling inhibitor, to abrogate CSC-mediated chemoresistance in CRC. We observed that 5FU-resistant (5FUR) CRC cells exhibited increased expression of CSC markers and enhanced spheroid formation. Genome-wide transcriptomic profiling analysis revealed that Wnt signaling, colorectal cancer metastasis signaling, etc., were enriched in 5FUR CRC cells. Accordingly, selective targeting of Wnt signaling using ICG-001 along with metformin abrogated CSC-mediated chemoresistance by decreasing the expression of CSC markers and promoting autophagy and apoptosis in a synergistic manner. We also observed that metformin and ICG-001 exhibited anti-tumor activity in CRC patient-derived tumor organoids. In conclusion, our study highlights that metformin and ICG-001 act synergistically and can be used as part of a therapeutic strategy to overcome 5FU-mediated therapeutic resistance in CRC.
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Gao T, Yuan D, He B, Gao Y, Liu C, Sun H, Nie J, Wang S, Nie Z. Identification of autophagy related genes in predicting the prognosis and aiding 5- fluorouracil therapy of colorectal cancer. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09033. [PMID: 35284678 PMCID: PMC8904229 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance is the barrier to effective clinical outcomes for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Autophagy was found to be involved in protecting tumor cells from 5-FU. However, the specific role of autophagy-related genes in CRC 5-FU resistance remains unclear. In this study, HSPB8 among 34 differentially expressed ARGs in CRC was identified to be the hub ARGs in 5-FU resistant which was down-regulated in CRC samples when compared with normal samples but up-regulated in CRC samples with relatively higher lymphatic invasion, later stages and poor prognosis of CRC. Mechanistic analysis demonstrated that due to the recruitment of CAFs, HSPB8 expression was enhanced in CRC cells so that HSPB8 could act together with its co-chaperone BAG3 in autophagy drived 5-FU resistance. Furthermore, the augmented expression level of HSPB8 was found to be significantly correlated to the immune cell infiltration such as Treg cells, macrophages, monocyte and dendritic cells and so on. Our results suggested CAFs driving HSPB8 induced CRC 5-FU resistance by promoting tumor autophagy would provide a new strategy in seeking potential CRC therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bangshun He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingdong Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Caidong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huilin Sun
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junjie Nie
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shukui Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center on Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenlin Nie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China
- Corresponding author.
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133
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Wang SY, Hu QC, Wu T, Xia J, Tao XA, Cheng B. Abnormal lipid synthesis as a therapeutic target for cancer stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2022; 14:146-162. [PMID: 35432735 PMCID: PMC8963380 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i2.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) comprise a subpopulation of cancer cells with stem cell properties, which exhibit the characteristics of high tumorigenicity, self-renewal, and tumor initiation and are associated with the occurrence, metastasis, therapy resistance, and relapse of cancer. Compared with differentiated cells, CSCs have unique metabolic characteristics, and metabolic reprogramming contributes to the self-renewal and maintenance of stem cells. It has been reported that CSCs are highly dependent on lipid metabolism to maintain stemness and satisfy the requirements of biosynthesis and energy metabolism. In this review, we demonstrate that lipid anabolism alterations promote the survival of CSCs, including de novo lipogenesis, lipid desaturation, and cholesterol synthesis. In addition, we also emphasize the molecular mechanism underlying the relationship between lipid synthesis and stem cell survival, the signal trans-duction pathways involved, and the application prospect of lipid synthesis reprogramming in CSC therapy. It is demonstrated that the dependence on lipid synthesis makes targeting of lipid synthesis metabolism a promising therapeutic strategy for eliminating CSCs. Targeting key molecules in lipid synthesis will play an important role in anti-CSC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yu Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qin-Chao Hu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Juan Xia
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-An Tao
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
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134
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Pei Y, Zhang H, Lu K, Tang X, Li J, Zhang E, Zhang J, Huang Y, Yang Z, Lu Z, Li Y, Zhang H, Dong L. Circular RNA circRNA_0067934 promotes glioma development by modulating the microRNA miR-7/ Wnt/β-catenin axis. Bioengineered 2022; 13:5792-5802. [PMID: 35213267 PMCID: PMC8973834 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2033382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma, one of the most prevalent malignant tumors, is well-known for its poor prognosis and low survival rate among patients. As a type of non-coding RNA, circular RNAs (circRNAs) play a significant role in tumor progression. However, the function and role of circRNAs in glioma development remain unclarified. In our experiments, the relative expression level of circRNA_0067934 and miR-7 in glioma tissue was detected by qRT-PCR, and specific gene knockdown was mediated by siRNA and miRNA-inhibitor. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was carried out to determine whether miR-7 successfully targeted circRNA_0067934. Also, CCK-8 and Transwell were performed to evaluate the malignant behaviors of glioma tissues. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to evaluate relative protein expression levels. The results of qRT-PCR indicated that circRNA_0067934 was over-expressed in glioma tissues, and down regulation of circRNA_0067934 reduced the tumor progression by inhibiting cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. The relative expression level of miR-7 was significantly reduced in glioma tissues, which showed a negative association with the expression of circRNA_0067934. CircRNA_0067934 could tagete the miR-7 to regulate progression of glioma cell. In addition, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway might involve in down stream regulation of circRNA_0067934 and miR-7. In conclusion, our results revealed that circRNA_0067934 regulates glioma cells progression by targeting miR-7/ Wnt/β-catenin axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Pei
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongying Zhang
- Department of Image, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kongye Lu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaojia Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jialing Li
- Department of clinical science, Ross University School of Medicine (RUSM), Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Enpeng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yujia Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhijie Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenggang Lu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuping Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hengzhu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lun Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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135
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Liu J, Huang X, Huang L, Huang J, Liang D, Liao L, Deng Y, Zhang L, Zhang B, Tang W. Organoid: Next-Generation Modeling of Cancer Research and Drug Development. Front Oncol 2022; 11:826613. [PMID: 35155215 PMCID: PMC8831330 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.826613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma is a highly prevalent and heterogeneous gastrointestinal malignancy. The emergence of organoid technology has provided a new direction for colorectal cancer research. As a novel-type model, organoid has significant advantages compared with conventional tumor research models, characterized with the high success rate of construction and the high matching with the original tumor. These characteristics provide new possibilities to study the mechanism of colorectal carcinogenesis and improve the treatment effects. The present literature would mainly summarize the characteristics of tumor organoids and the up-to-date technique development of patient-derived organoids (PDOs) and application in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungang Liu
- Division of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoliang Huang
- Division of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Lihaoyun Huang
- Division of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Jinlian Huang
- Division of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Dingyu Liang
- Division of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Lixian Liao
- Division of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Yuqing Deng
- Division of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Division of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Weizhong Tang
- Division of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
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136
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Liu Z, Xu H, Weng S, Ren Y, Han X. Stemness Refines the Classification of Colorectal Cancer With Stratified Prognosis, Multi-Omics Landscape, Potential Mechanisms, and Treatment Options. Front Immunol 2022; 13:828330. [PMID: 35154148 PMCID: PMC8828967 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.828330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stemness refers to the capacities of self-renewal and repopulation, which contributes to the progression, relapse, and drug resistance of colorectal cancer (CRC). Mounting evidence has established the links between cancer stemness and intratumoral heterogeneity across cancer. Currently, the intertumoral heterogeneity of cancer stemness remains elusive in CRC. Methods This study enrolled four CRC datasets, two immunotherapy datasets, and a clinical in-house cohort. Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) was performed to decipher the heterogeneity of cancer stemness. Multiple machine learning algorithms were applied to develop a nine-gene stemness cluster predictor. The clinical outcomes, multi-omics landscape, potential mechanisms, and immune features of the stemness clusters were further explored. Results Based on 26 published stemness signatures derived by alternative approaches, we decipher two heterogeneous clusters, low stemness cluster 1 (C1) and high stemness cluster 2 (C2). C2 possessed a higher proportion of advanced tumors and displayed worse overall survival and relapse-free survival compared with C1. The MSI-H and CMS1 tumors tended to enrich in C1, and the mesenchymal subtype CMS4 was the prevalent subtype of C2. Subsequently, we developed a nine-gene stemness cluster predictor, which robustly validated and reproduced our stemness clusters in three independent datasets and an in-house cohort. C1 also displayed a generally superior mutational burden, and C2 possessed a higher burden of copy number deletion. Further investigations suggested that C1 enriched numerous proliferation-related biological processes and abundant immune infiltration, while C2 was significantly associated with mesenchyme development and differentiation. Given results derived from three algorithms and two immunotherapeutic cohorts, we observed C1 could benefit more from immunotherapy. For patients with C2, we constructed a ridge regression model and further identified nine latent therapeutic agents, which might improve their clinical outcomes. Conclusions This study proposed two stemness clusters with stratified prognosis, multi-omics landscape, potential mechanisms, and treatment options. Current work not only provided new insights into the heterogeneity of cancer stemness, but also shed light on optimizing decision-making in immunotherapy and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Siyuan Weng
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Ren
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
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137
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Theoretical investigation of Chitosan-Assisted Controlled Release of Digestive System Antitumor Drug Fluorouracil. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:2049-2055. [PMID: 35122829 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) has been applied to treat pancreatic cancer, which is one of the most common types of digestive system tumors. However, due to poor tumor selectivity, 5-FU's therapeutic effect has certain limitations. 5-FU's activity and selectivity against tumor cells can be improved by chitosan assisted drug delivery systems. Understanding the atomic interaction mechanism between chitosan and 5-FU is important. In this work, the interactions between 5-FU and different types of chitosan were systematically investigated by using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Based on the radial distribution function and the free energy calculation, our results demonstrate that the functional groups of chitosan could greatly regulate the interaction behavior between chitosan and 5-FU. Moreover, 5-FU could gradually release from chitosan at a more acidic pH (tumor tissues) environment. These results revealed the underlying atomic interaction mechanism between 5-FU and chitosan at various pH levels, and may be helpful in the design of chitosan-based drug delivery systems.
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138
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Schisandrin B suppresses gastric cancer cell growth and enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy drug 5-FU in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 920:174823. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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139
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Han H, Li Y, Qin W, Wang L, Yin H, Su B, Yuan X. miR-199b-3p contributes to acquired resistance to cetuximab in colorectal cancer by targeting CRIM1 via Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:42. [PMID: 35090460 PMCID: PMC8796585 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02460-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite advances in the development of efficient chemotherapy, the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a challenge due to acquired chemoresistance. It has been reported that microRNAs (miRNAs) dysregulation is associated with the development of chemoresistance. Recently, the expression of miR-199b-3p has been found to be significantly different between cetuximab (CTx)-resistant and -sensitive CRC cells. However, its role and the underlying mechanisms in acquired chemoresistance to CTx in CRC are still obscure. Methods Here we report that miR-199b-3p is significantly up-regulated in both CTx-resistant (CTxR) CRC tissues and cell lines. Results Functional assays showed that suppressing miR-199b-3p could improve the sensitivity of CRC-CTxR cells to CTx, thereby reducing cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and enhancing cell apoptosis. Mechanistic studies revealed that CRIM1 is a direct target of miR-199b-3p in CRC-CTxR cells; and the effect of miR-199b-3p on CTx-resistance was exerted by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway via CRIM1. Furthermore, mice xenograft models were established and confirmed that down-regulating miR-199b-3p restores the inhibition effect of CTx on tumor growth in CRC-CTxR. Collectively, our data suggest that silencing miR-199b-3p could enhance the anti-tumor effects of CTx on CTx-resistant CRC in vitro and in vivo by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling via the down-regulation of CRIM1. Conclusions Our findings suggest miR-199b-3p might serve as a promising therapeutic target against CTx resistant CRC, and provide scientific information for exploring novel strategies of improving the efficacy of CTx for CRC patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-022-02460-x.
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Ma Z, Cai S, Xiong Q, Liu W, Xia H, Zhu Z, Huang Z, Yan X, Wang Q. WNT signaling modulates chemoresistance to temozolomide in p53-mutant glioblastoma multiforme. Apoptosis 2022; 27:80-89. [PMID: 35037107 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-021-01704-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has been characterized by the high incidence, therapy tolerance and relapse. The molecular events controlling GBM resistant to chemotherapy temozolomide (TMZ) remain to be elusive. Here, we identified WNT signaling was amplified by TMZ and mediated drug response in GBM. We found O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) was redundant to WNT-mediated chemoresistance, which was highly associated with p53 mutation status. In GBM with p53 mutation, loss of function of p53 downregulated miR-34a expression, which represses transcription of WNT ligand 6 (WNT6) by directly binding to 3' UTR of WNT6 mRNA, leading to activation of WNT signaling, and the eventual WNT-mediated chemoresistance to TMZ. Combined treatment of TMZ with WNT inhibitor or miR34a mimic induced drug sensitivity of p53-mutant GBM cells and extended survival in xenograft mice in vivo. Our findings provide insight into understanding the molecular mechanism of GBM chemoresistance to TMZ and facilitating to develop novel treatment strategy to combat p53-mutant GBM by targeting miR-34a/WNT6 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhourui Ma
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shizhong Cai
- Department of Child and Adolescent Healthcare, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianwei Xiong
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongliang Xia
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenhong Zhu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhijian Huang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangming Yan
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, Jiangsu, China.
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Ding L, Yang Y, Lu Q, Cao Z, Weygant N. Emerging Prospects for the Study of Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells using Patient-Derived Organoids. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2022; 22:195-208. [DOI: 10.2174/1568009622666220117124546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Human colorectal cancer (CRC) patient-derived organoids (PDOs) are a powerful ex vivo platform to directly assess the impact of molecular alterations and therapies on tumor cell proliferation, differentiation, response to chemotherapy, tumor-microenvironment interactions, and other facets of CRC biology. Next-generation sequencing studies have demonstrated that CRC is a highly heterogeneous disease with multiple distinct subtypes. PDOs are a promising new tool to study CRC due to their ability to accurately recapitulate their source tumor and thus reproduce this heterogeneity. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art for CRC PDOs in the study of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and the cancer stem cell niche. Areas of focus include the relevance of PDOs to understanding CSC-related paracrine signaling, identifying interactions between CSCs and the tumor microenvironment, and modeling CSC-driven resistance to chemotherapies and targeted therapies. Finally, we summarize current findings regarding the identification and verification of CSC targets using PDOs and their potential use in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ding
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, CN 350122
| | - Yuning Yang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, CN 350122
| | - Qin Lu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, CN 350122
| | - Zhiyun Cao
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, CN 350122
| | - Nathaniel Weygant
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, CN 350122
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Oliveira LFS, Predes D, Borges HL, Abreu JG. Therapeutic Potential of Naturally Occurring Small Molecules to Target the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020403. [PMID: 35053565 PMCID: PMC8774030 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal cancer (CRC) is an emerging public health problem and the second leading cause of death worldwide, with a significant socioeconomic impact in several countries. The 5-year survival rate is only 12% due to the lack of early diagnosis and resistance to available treatments, and the canonical Wnt signaling pathway is involved in this process. This review underlines the importance of understanding the fundamental roles of this pathway in physiological and pathological contexts and analyzes the use of naturally occurring small molecules that inhibits the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in experimental models of CRC. We also discuss the progress and challenges of moving these small molecules off the laboratory bench into the clinical platform. Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks second in the number of cancer deaths worldwide, mainly due to late diagnoses, which restrict treatment in the potentially curable stages and decrease patient survival. The treatment of CRC involves surgery to remove the tumor tissue, in addition to radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy sessions. However, almost half of patients are resistant to these treatments, especially in metastatic cases, where the 5-year survival rate is only 12%. This factor may be related to the intratumoral heterogeneity, tumor microenvironment (TME), and the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which is impossible to resolve with the standard approaches currently available in clinical practice. CSCs are APC-deficient, and the search for alternative therapeutic agents such as small molecules from natural sources is a promising strategy, as these substances have several antitumor properties. Many of those interfere with the regulation of signaling pathways at the central core of CRC development, such as the Wnt/β-catenin, which plays a crucial role in the cell proliferation and stemness in the tumor. This review will discuss the use of naturally occurring small molecules inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in experimental CRC models over the past decade, highlighting the molecular targets in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and the mechanisms through which these molecules perform their antitumor activities.
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143
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Hsieh SL, Li JH, Dong CD, Chen CW, Wu CC. Carnosine suppresses human colorectal cancer cell proliferation by inducing necroptosis and autophagy and reducing angiogenesis. Oncol Lett 2022; 23:44. [PMID: 34976156 PMCID: PMC8674876 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) is found in beef and fish. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of carnosine on the cell proliferation of human colorectal cancer cells. After human colorectal cancer HCT-116 cells were treated carnosine for 72 or 96 h, the cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, angiogenesis and the expression of related regulatory molecules were detected using MTT assays, fluorescence image analysis and RT-qPCR in this study. Treatment of HCT-116 cells with 5, 10 or 15 mM carnosine for 72 or 96 h significantly decreased cell viability (P<0.05). The mRNA expression of β-catenin and transcription factor 4 (Tcf-4) was significantly reduced by 15–23% and 11–80%, respectively (P<0.05). When HCT-116 cells were treated with 15 mM carnosine, the mRNA levels of 1A/1B-light chain 3 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase were significantly increased by 235% and 249%, respectively (P<0.05). The mRNA level of Beclin-1 and autophagy levels were significantly increased by 137–141% in HCT-116 cells treated with 5, 10 or 15 mM carnosine (P<0.05). Carnosine (15 mM) also increased reactive oxygen species levels and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein mRNA expression and depleted ATP levels (P<0.05). The angiogenesis-regulating molecules vascular endothelial growth factor, epidermal growth factor receptor and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α were all significantly decreased by 10 or 15 mM carnosine treatment. These results showed that carnosine could suppress human colorectal cell proliferation by reducing β-catenin/Tcf-4 signaling, inducing autophagy and necroptosis and inhibiting angiogenesis. It was demonstrated that carnosine is a potential compound from dietary food for the future clinical treatment and/or prevention of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jia-Huei Li
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chih-Chung Wu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung 43301, Taiwan, R.O.C
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144
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Seo J, Kim S, Lee Y, Kim J, Lee Y, Shin M, Kim JW. Polyphenol-Modified Nanovesicles for Synergistically Enhanced in vitro Tumor Cell Targeting and Apoptosis. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:1561-1570. [DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02509k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tannic acid (TA) not only prevents drug carriers from sticking to the glycocalyx layer of vascular endothelial cells but also has anti-cancer attributes, thereby improving drug delivery efficiency in cancer...
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145
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Wang J, Feng X, Li Z, Chen Y, Huang W. Patient-derived organoids as a model for tumor research. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 189:259-326. [PMID: 35595351 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer represents a leading cause of death, despite the rapid progress of cancer research, leading to urgent need for accurate preclinical model to further study of tumor mechanism and accelerate translational applications. Cancer cell lines cannot fully recapitulate tumors of different patients due to the lack of tumor complexity and specification, while the high technical difficulty, long time, and substantial cost of patient-derived xenograft model makes it unable to be used extensively for all types of tumors and large-scale drug screening. Patient-derived organoids can be established rapidly with a high success rate from many tumors, and precisely replicate the key histopathological, genetic, and phenotypic features, as well as therapeutic response of patient tumor. Therefore, they are extensively used in cancer basic research, biobanking, disease modeling and precision medicine. The combinations of cancer organoids with other advanced technologies, such as 3D bio-printing, organ-on-a-chip, and CRISPR-Cas9, contributes to the more complete replication of complex tumor microenvironment and tumorigenesis. In this review, we discuss the various methods of the establishment and the application of patient-derived organoids in diverse tumors as well as the limitations and future prospects of these models. Further advances of tumor organoids are expected to bridge the huge gap between bench and bedside and provide the unprecedented opportunities to advance cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xiaoying Feng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zhichao Li
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen, China; International Cancer Center of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongsong Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Weiren Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China; Department of Urology, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen, China; International Cancer Center of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
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146
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Chien JH, Chang KF, Lee SC, Lee CJ, Chen YT, Lai HC, Lu YC, Tsai NM. Cedrol restricts the growth of colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo by inducing cell cycle arrest and caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:1953-1964. [PMID: 36438926 PMCID: PMC9682504 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.77719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cedrol is a natural sesquiterpene alcohol found in Cedrus atlantica, which has been proven to have a broad spectrum of biological activities, such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anxiolytic, and anti-cancer effects. However, the underlying anticancer mechanisms and in vivo inhibitory effects of cedrol on colorectal cancer (CRC) have not been elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the anti-CRC potential of cedrol using in vitro and in vivo models. Methods: The effects of cedrol on cell viability, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis of HT-29 and CT-26 cells were detected by MTT, flow cytometry, and TUNEL assays. Western blotting was used to measure protein expression for molecular signaling analyses. Results: Cedrol inhibited HT-29 and CT-26 cell proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 138.91 and 92.46 µM, respectively. Furthermore, cedrol induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase by regulating the expression of cell cycle regulators, such as CDK4 and cyclin D1, and triggered apoptosis through extrinsic (FasL/caspase-8) and intrinsic (Bax/caspase-9) pathways. In addition, cedrol in combination with the clinical drug 5-fluorouracil exhibited synergistic inhibitory effects on CRC cell growth. Importantly, cedrol treatment suppressed the progression of CRC and improved the survival rate of animals at a well-tolerated dose. Conclusion: These results suggest that cedrol has an anti-cancer potential via induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and it could be considered as an effective agent for CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Huei Chien
- Department of Research, Taichung Tzu-Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu-Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 42743, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung 40601, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kai-Fu Chang
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shan-Chih Lee
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chien-Ju Lee
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hung-Chih Lai
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 11101, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yin-Che Lu
- Division of Hematology‑Oncology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi 60002, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Min-Hwei Junior College of Health Care Management, Tainan 73658, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Nu-Man Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Life-and-Death Studies, Nanhua University, Chiayi 62249, Taiwan, R.O.C
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147
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Olea europaea Leaf Extract Suppress Stemness-Characteristics of Gastric Cancer via Long non-coding RNAs. Eur J Integr Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2022.102099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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148
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Ji Y, Lv J, Sun D, Huang Y. Therapeutic strategies targeting Wnt/β‑catenin signaling for colorectal cancer (Review). Int J Mol Med 2022; 49:1. [PMID: 34713301 PMCID: PMC8589460 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.5056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common carcinomas. Although great progress has been made in recent years, CRC survival remains unsatisfactory due to high metastasis and recurrence. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of CRC tumorigenesis and metastasis has become increasingly important. Recently, aberrant Wnt/β‑catenin signaling has been reported to be strongly associated with CRC tumorigenesis, metastasis and recurrence. Therefore, the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway has potential value as a therapeutic target for CRC. In the present review, the dysregulation of this pathway in CRC and the promoting or suppressing function of therapeutic targets on CRC were explored. In addition, the interaction between this pathway and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell stemness, mutations, metastasis‑related genes and tumor angiogenesis in CRC cells were also investigated. Numerous studies on this pathway may help identify the potential diagnostic and prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ji
- Department of General Surgery, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, Jiangsu 214500, P.R. China
| | - Jian Lv
- Department of General Surgery, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, Jiangsu 214500, P.R. China
| | - Di Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, Jiangsu 214500, P.R. China
| | - Yufeng Huang
- Department of Oncology, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, Jiangsu 214500, P.R. China
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149
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Chen Y, Tang L, Ye X, Chen Y, Shan E, Han H, Zhong C. Regulation of ZO-1 on β-catenin mediates sulforaphane suppressed colorectal cancer stem cell properties in colorectal cancer. Food Funct 2022; 13:12363-12370. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02932d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
ZO-1 suppresses colorectal CSCs by interacting with β-Catenin and attenuating its nuclear translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - LvYuwei Tang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xinrong Ye
- Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yimeng Chen
- Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Enfang Shan
- Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hongyu Han
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Caiyun Zhong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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150
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Shehatta NH, Okda TM, Omran GA, Abd-Alhaseeb MM. Baicalin; a promising chemopreventive agent, enhances the antitumor effect of 5-FU against breast cancer and inhibits tumor growth and angiogenesis in Ehrlich solid tumor. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112599. [PMID: 34968922 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable advances in cancer treatment, chemotherapy remains a cornerstone in breast cancer therapy. Therefore, reducing chemoresistance and adverse effects of chemotherapy is a priority. In this regard, Baicalin (BA) is the dominant natural flavonoid extracted from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis showed fascinating antitumor activity in many types of cancers, including breast cancer. The present study aimed to explore the chemopreventive and antitumor action of baicalin alone and in combination with 5-FU in addition to its ability to enhance the antitumor effect of 5-FU on breast cancer using the Ehrlich solid tumor-mice model. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 70 female mice were divided into seven groups (1st group, saline group; 2nd group, DMSO group; 3rd group, BA+EST group; 4th group, EST group; 5th group, EST+5-FU; 6th group, EST+BA group; 7th group, EST+5-FU+BA).tumors were assessed by weight and histopathological examination. Inflammation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis were examined by ELISA, qRT-PCR, and immunohistochemical examinations. RESULTS showed that pre-treatment with baicalin and treatment with baicalin and/or 5-FU significantly reduced inflammation and angiogenesis indicated by suppression of NF-kB/ IL-1β and VEGF amplification loop with marked elevation in apoptosis indicated by up-regulation of apoptotic caspase-3, pro-apoptotic p53, Bax and downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. CONCLUSION BA is a promising preventive or adjuvant therapy in breast cancer treatment with 5-FU mainly via cooperative inhibition of inflammation, angiogenesis, and triggering apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisreen H Shehatta
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Okda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Egypt
| | - Gamal A Omran
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Egypt
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