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Ballout F, Lu H, Bhat N, Chen L, Peng D, Chen Z, Chen S, Sun X, Giordano S, Corso S, Zaika A, McDonald O, Livingstone AS, El-Rifai W. Targeting SMAD3 Improves Response to Oxaliplatin in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Models by Impeding DNA Repair. Clin Cancer Res 2024:OF1-OF13. [PMID: 38592373 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-24-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE TGFβ signaling is implicated in the progression of most cancers, including esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Emerging evidence indicates that TGFβ signaling is a key factor in the development of resistance toward cancer therapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In this study, we developed patient-derived organoids and patient-derived xenograft models of EAC and performed bioinformatics analysis combined with functional genetics to investigate the role of SMAD family member 3 (SMAD3) in EAC resistance to oxaliplatin. RESULTS Chemotherapy nonresponding patients showed enrichment of SMAD3 gene expression when compared with responders. In a randomized patient-derived xenograft experiment, SMAD3 inhibition in combination with oxaliplatin effectively diminished tumor burden by impeding DNA repair. SMAD3 interacted directly with protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a key regulator of the DNA damage repair protein ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM). SMAD3 inhibition diminished ATM phosphorylation by enhancing the binding of PP2A to ATM, causing excessive levels of DNA damage. CONCLUSIONS Our results identify SMAD3 as a promising therapeutic target for future combination strategies for the treatment of patients with EAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Ballout
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Heng Lu
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Nadeem Bhat
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Dunfa Peng
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Steven Chen
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Xiaodian Sun
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Silvia Giordano
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Simona Corso
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Alexander Zaika
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami Healthcare System, Miami, Florida
| | - Oliver McDonald
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
- Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Alan S Livingstone
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami Healthcare System, Miami, Florida
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Soutto M, Zhang X, Bhat N, Chen Z, Zhu S, Maacha S, Genoula M, El-Gazzaz O, Peng D, Lu H, McDonald OG, Chen XS, Cao L, Xu Z, El-Rifai W. Fibroblast growth factor receptor-4 mediates activation of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor-2 in gastric tumorigenesis. Redox Biol 2024; 69:102998. [PMID: 38154380 PMCID: PMC10787301 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the leading risk factor for gastric carcinogenesis. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) is a member of transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptors that are activated in cancer. We investigated the role of FGFR4 in regulating the cellular response to H. pylori infection in gastric cancer. High levels of oxidative stress signature and FGFR4 expression were detected in gastric cancer samples. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) demonstrated enrichment of NRF2 signature in samples with high FGFR4 levels. H. pylori infection induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) with a cellular response manifested by an increase in FGFR4 with accumulation and nuclear localization NRF2. Knocking down FGFR4 significantly reduced NRF2 protein and transcription activity levels, leading to higher levels of ROS and DNA damage following H. pylori infection. We confirmed the induction of FGFR4 and NRF2 levels using mouse models following infection with a mouse-adapted H. pyloristrain. Pharmacologic inhibition of FGFR4 using H3B-6527, or its knockdown, remarkably reduced the level of NRF2 with a reduction in the size and number of gastric cancer spheroids. Mechanistically, we detected binding between FGFR4 and P62 proteins, competing with NRF2-KEAP1 interaction, allowing NRF2 to escape KEAP1-dependent degradation with subsequent accumulation and translocation to the nucleus. These findings demonstrate a novel functional role of FGFR4 in cellular homeostasis via regulating the NRF2 levels in response to H. pylori infection in gastric carcinogenesis, calling for testing the therapeutic efficacy of FGFR4 inhibitors in gastric cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Soutto
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami Healthcare System, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Nadeem Bhat
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Shoumin Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Selma Maacha
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Melanie Genoula
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Omar El-Gazzaz
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Dunfa Peng
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Heng Lu
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Oliver G McDonald
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Xi Steven Chen
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Science, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Longlong Cao
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zekuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami Healthcare System, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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Cao LL, Lu H, Soutto M, Bhat N, Chen Z, Peng D, Gomaa A, Wang JB, Xie JW, Li P, Zheng CH, Nomura S, Datta J, Merchant N, Chen ZB, Villarino A, Zaika A, Huang CM, El-Rifai W. Multivalent tyrosine kinase inhibition promotes T cell recruitment to immune-desert gastric cancers by restricting epithelial-mesenchymal transition via tumour-intrinsic IFN-γ signalling. Gut 2023; 72:2038-2050. [PMID: 37402563 PMCID: PMC10592091 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-329134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gastric cancer (GC) ranks fifth in incidence and fourth for mortality worldwide. The response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy in GC is heterogeneous due to tumour-intrinsic and acquired immunotherapy resistance. We developed an immunophenotype-based subtyping of human GC based on immune cells infiltration to develop a novel treatment option. DESIGN A algorithm was developed to reclassify GC into immune inflamed, excluded and desert subtypes. Bioinformatics, human and mouse GC cell lines, syngeneic murine gastric tumour model, and CTLA4 blockade were used to investigate the immunotherapeutic effects by restricting receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signalling in immune desert (ICB-resistant) type GC. RESULTS Our algorithm restratified subtypes of human GC in public databases and showed that immune desert-type and excluded-type tumours are ICB-resistant compared with immune-inflamed GC. Moreover, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signalling was highly enriched in immune desert-type GC, and syngeneic murine tumours exhibiting mesenchymal-like, compared with epithelial-like, properties are T cell-excluded and resistant to CTLA4 blockade. Our analysis further identified a panel of RTKs as potential druggable targets in the immune desert-type GC. Dovitinib, an inhibitor of multiple RTKs, strikingly repressed EMT programming in mesenchymal-like immune desert syngeneic GC models. Dovitinib activated the tumour-intrinsic SNAI1/2-IFN-γ signalling axis and impeded the EMT programme, converting immune desert-type tumours to immune inflamed-type tumours, sensitising these mesenchymal-like 'cold' tumours to CTLA4 blockade. CONCLUSION Our findings identified potential druggable targets relevant to patient groups, especially for refractory immune desert-type/ 'cold' GC. Dovitinib, an RTK inhibitor, sensitised desert-type immune-cold GC to CTLA4 blockade by restricting EMT and recruiting T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Long Cao
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Heng Lu
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Mohammed Soutto
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Nadeem Bhat
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Dunfa Peng
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ahmed Gomaa
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jia Bin Wang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian Wei Xie
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chao Hui Zheng
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sachiyo Nomura
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jashodeep Datta
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Nipun Merchant
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Zhi Bin Chen
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Alejandro Villarino
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Alexander Zaika
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami Healthcare System, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Chang Ming Huang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami Healthcare System, Miami, Florida, USA
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Gromovyi M, Bhat N, Tronche H, Baldi P, Kurdi ME, Checoury X, Damilano B, Boucaud P. Intrinsic polarity inversion in III-nitride waveguides for efficient nonlinear interactions. Opt Express 2023; 31:31397-31409. [PMID: 37710660 DOI: 10.1364/oe.501221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
III-nitrides provide a versatile platform for nonlinear photonics. In this work, we explore a new promising configuration - composite waveguides containing GaN and AlN layers with inverted polarity, i.e., having opposite signs of the χ(2) nonlinear coefficient. This configuration allows us to address the limiting problem of the mode overlap for nonlinear interactions. Our modelling predicts a significant improvement in the conversion efficiency. We confirm our theoretical prediction with the experimental demonstration of second harmonic generation with an efficiency of 4%W-1cm-2 using a simple ridge waveguide. This efficiency is an order of magnitude higher compared to the previously reported results for III-nitride waveguides. Further improvement, reaching a theoretical efficiency of 30%W-1cm-2, can be achieved by reducing propagation losses.
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Joacquim MA, Bhat N, Kulkarni N, Coup A, Dharmavaram S. Sarcomatoid Carcinoma of the Lung With Gastrointestinal Metastasis Causing Small Intestinal Obstruction: A Rare Case of Acute Surgical Emergency. Cureus 2023; 15:e38414. [PMID: 37273401 PMCID: PMC10233168 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinomas (PSCA) are a rare subset of Non-Squamous-Cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC), the most common pathological subtype of lung cancers which are the most common malignancy in the world. These rarest of rare tumours may have gastrointestinal metastasis and present as an acute abdominal surgical emergency with bowel obstruction or bleeding, as in our patient, who did not have a diagnosis of lung cancer till then. Use of novel immunohistochemistry markers like thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) may help diagnose the site of the primary tumour with accuracy in this clinical setting. Further evaluation of these patients with positron emission tomography (PET) scans helps determine the tumour burden and degree of dissemination. The aim of this article is to emphasize this rare presentation which may be unsuspected as a cause of bowel obstruction by surgical teams on the acute surgical take due to its rarity. It is vital that nihilism is avoided in these patients as a subset of these patients can still be offered curative metastectomy and treatment of the primary tumour with reasonable outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadeem Bhat
- General Surgery, United Lincoln National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Lincoln, GBR
| | | | - Andrew Coup
- Pathology, United Lincoln National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Lincoln, GBR
| | - Sridhar Dharmavaram
- General and Colorectal Surgery, United Lincoln National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Lincoln, GBR
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Zhang X, Soutto M, Chen Z, Bhat N, Zhu S, Eissmann MF, Ernst M, Lu H, Peng D, Xu Z, El-Rifai W. Induction of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 4 by Helicobacter pylori via Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 With a Feedforward Activation Loop Involving SRC Signaling in Gastric Cancer. Gastroenterology 2022; 163:620-636.e9. [PMID: 35588797 PMCID: PMC9629135 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection is the main risk factor for gastric cancer. The role of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGRFs) in H pylori-mediated gastric tumorigenesis remains largely unknown. This study investigated the molecular and mechanistic links between H pylori, inflammation, and FGFR4 in gastric cancer. METHODS Cell lines, human and mouse gastric tissue samples, and gastric organoids models were implemented. Infection with H pylori was performed using in vitro and in vivo models. Western blot, real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and luciferase reporter assays were used for molecular, mechanistic, and functional studies. RESULTS Analysis of FGFR family members using The Cancer Genome Atlas data, followed by validation, indicated that FGFR4 messenger (m)RNA was the most significantly overexpressed member in human gastric cancer tissue samples (P < .001). We also detected high levels of Fgfr4 mRNA and protein in gastric dysplasia and adenocarcinoma lesions in mouse models. Infection with J166, 7.13, and PMSS1 cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA)+ H pylori strains induced FGFR4 mRNA and protein expression in in vitro and in vivo models. This was associated with a concordant activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Analysis of the FGFR4 promoter suggested several putative binding sites for STAT3. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and an FGFR-promoter luciferase reporter containing putative STAT3 binding sites and their mutants, we confirmed a direct functional binding of STAT3 on the FGFR4 promoter. Mechanistically, we also discovered a feedforward activation loop between FGFR4 and STAT3 where the fibroblast growth factor 19–FGFR4 axis played an essential role in activating STAT3 in a SRC proto-oncogene non-receptor tyrosine kinase dependent manner. Functionally, we found that FGFR4 protected against H pylori-induced DNA damage and cell death. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated a link between infection, inflammation, and FGFR4 activation, where a feedforward activation loop between FGFR4 and STAT3 is established via SRC proto-oncogene non-receptor tyrosine kinase in response to H pylori infection. Given the relevance of FGFR4 to the etiology and biology of gastric cancer, we propose FGFR4 as a druggable molecular vulnerability that can be tested in patients with gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mohammed Soutto
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Nadeem Bhat
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Shoumin Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Moritz F Eissmann
- Cancer and Inflammation Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Cancer and Inflammation Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Heng Lu
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Dunfa Peng
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Zekuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami Healthcare System, Miami, Florida; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
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Gromovyi M, El Kurdi M, Checoury X, Herth E, Tabataba-Vakili F, Bhat N, Courville A, Semond F, Boucaud P. Low-loss GaN-on-insulator platform for integrated photonics. Opt Express 2022; 30:20737-20749. [PMID: 36224811 DOI: 10.1364/oe.461138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
III-Nitride semiconductors are promising materials for on-chip integrated photonics. They provide a wide transparency window from the ultra-violet to the infrared that can be exploited for second-order nonlinear conversions. Here we demonstrate a photonics platform based on epitaxial GaN-on-insulator on silicon. The transfer of the epi-material on SiO2 is achieved through wafer bonding. We show that quality factors up to 230 000 can be achieved with this platform at telecommunication wavelengths. Resonant second harmonic generation is demonstrated with a continuous wave conversion efficiency of 0.24%/W.
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Cao L, Zhu S, Lu H, Soutto M, Bhat N, Chen Z, Peng D, Lin J, Lu J, Li P, Zheng C, Huang C, El-Rifai W. Helicobacter pylori-induced RASAL2 Through Activation of Nuclear Factor-κB Promotes Gastric Tumorigenesis via β-catenin Signaling Axis. Gastroenterology 2022; 162:1716-1731.e17. [PMID: 35134322 PMCID: PMC9038683 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Helicobacter pylori infection is the predominant risk factor for gastric cancer. RAS protein activator like 2 (RASAL2) is considered a double-edged sword in carcinogenesis. Herein, we investigated the role of RASAL2 in response to H pylori infection and gastric tumorigenesis. METHODS Bioinformatics analyses of local and public databases were applied to analyze RASAL2 expression, signaling pathways, and clinical significance. In vitro cell culture, spheroids, patient-derived organoids, and in vivo mouse models were used. Molecular assays included chromatin immunoprecipitation, co-immunoprecipitation, Western blotting, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and immunocyto/histochemistry. RESULTS H pylori infection induced RASAL2 expression via a nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-dependent mechanism whereby NF-κB was directly bound to the RASAL2 promoter activating its transcription. By gene silencing and ectopic overexpression, we found that RASAL2 upregulated β-catenin transcriptional activity. RASAL2 inhibited protein phosphatase 2A activity through direct binding with subsequent activation of the AKT/β-catenin signaling axis. Functionally, RASAL2 silencing decreased nuclear β-catenin levels and impaired tumor spheroids and organoids formation. Furthermore, the depletion of RASAL2 impaired tumor growth in gastric tumor xenograft mouse models. Clinicopathological analysis indicated that abnormal overexpression of RASAL2 correlated with poor prognosis and chemoresistance in human gastric tumors. CONCLUSIONS These studies uncovered a novel signaling axis of NF-κB/RASAL2/β-catenin, providing a novel link between infection, inflammation and gastric tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Cao
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Shoumin Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Heng Lu
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Mohammed Soutto
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Nadeem Bhat
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Dunfa Peng
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Jianxian Lin
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chaohui Zheng
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Changming Huang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami Healthcare System, Miami, Florida; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
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Jones O, Blackabey V, Bhat N. 1629 The Risk of Malignancy in Cytologically Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is the gold standard for the diagnostic assessment of thyroid nodules, with cytology stratified using the Thy classification (Thy 1-5). The management of cases where cytology is indeterminate (Thy-3) is challenging and subject to controversy. The current British Thyroid Association guidelines subclassify Thy-3 lesions into Thy-3a (atypia) and Thy-3f (follicular). Repeat FNA is generally recommended for Thy-3a specimens, whilst Thy-3f lesions should proceed to diagnostic hemithyroidectomy. The aim of this study was to determine the risk of malignancy in Thy-3a and Thy-3f lesions.
Method
This was a retrospective study of all patients who underwent FNA of a thyroid nodule from 01/01/2018 – 31/12/19. Those with Thy-3 cytology were identified and results correlated with final surgical histology.
Results
In total, there were 179 patients with Thy-3 cytology: 37 Thy-3a and 142 Thy-3f. The rate of malignancy was 21.6% (n = 8) for Thy-3a lesions and 20.4% (n = 29) for Thy-3f. When excluding microcarcinoma, the rates fell to 20.4% (n = 7) and 12.7% (n = 18) respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in malignant conversion between the two groups (p = 0.20).
Conclusions
This study does not demonstrate any statistically significant difference in the risk of malignancy between the Thy-3a and Thy-3f groups, suggesting that this subclassification does not add any additional utility to clinical decision making. Consideration should be given to the use of local malignant conversion rates to guide further management and pre-operative patient counselling in the Thy3 group.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Jones
- Peterborough City Hospital, Peterborough, United Kingdom
| | - V Blackabey
- Peterborough City Hospital, Peterborough, United Kingdom
| | - N Bhat
- Peterborough City Hospital, Peterborough, United Kingdom
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Soutto M, Bhat N, Khalafi S, Zhu S, Poveda J, Garcia-Buitrago M, Zaika A, El-Rifai W. NF-kB-dependent activation of STAT3 by H. pylori is suppressed by TFF1. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:444. [PMID: 34419066 PMCID: PMC8380333 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02140-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND H. pylori infection is the main risk factor for gastric cancer. In this study, we investigated H. pylori-mediated activation of STAT3 and NF-κB in gastric cancer, using in vitro and in vivo models. METHODS To investigate the activation of NF-κB and STAT3 by H. pylori strains we used in vitro and in vivo mouse models, western blots, immunofluorescence, ChIP Assay, luciferase and quantitative real-time PCR assays. RESULTS Following infection with H. pylori in vitro, we found an earlier phosphorylation of NF-kB-p65 (S536), followed by STAT3 (Y705). Immunofluorescence, using in vitro and in vivo models, demonstrated nuclear localization of NF-kB and STAT3, following H. pylori infection. NF-kB and STAT3 luciferase reporter assays confirmed earlier activation of NF-kB followed by STAT3. In vitro and in vivo models demonstrated induction of mRNA expression of IL-6 (p < 0.001), VEGF-α (p < 0.05), IL-17 (p < 0.001), and IL-23 (p < 0.001). Using ChIP, we confirmed co-binding of both NF-kB-p65 and STAT3 on the IL6 promoter. The reconstitution of Trefoil Factor 1 (TFF1) suppressed activation of NF-kB with reduction in IL6 levels and STAT3 activity, in response to H. pylori infection. Using pharmacologic (BAY11-7082) and genetic (IκB super repressor (IκBSR)) inhibitors of NF-kB-p65, we confirmed the requirement of NF-kB-p65 for activation of STAT3, as measured by phosphorylation, transcription activity, and nuclear localization of STAT3 in in vitro and in vivo models. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest the presence of an early autocrine NF-kB-dependent activation of STAT3 in response to H. pylori infection. TFF1 acts as an anti-inflammatory guard against H. pylori-mediated activation of pro-inflammatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Soutto
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami Healthcare System, Miami, FL, 33136-1015, USA
| | - Nadeem Bhat
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Shayan Khalafi
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Shoumin Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Julio Poveda
- Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Alexander Zaika
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami Healthcare System, Miami, FL, 33136-1015, USA
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami Healthcare System, Miami, FL, 33136-1015, USA.
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Chilengi R, Mwila-Kazimbaya K, Chirwa M, Sukwa N, Chipeta C, Velu RM, Katanekwa N, Babji S, Kang G, McNeal MM, Meyer N, Gompana G, Hazra S, Tang Y, Flores J, Bhat N, Rathi N. Immunogenicity and safety of two monovalent rotavirus vaccines, ROTAVAC® and ROTAVAC 5D® in Zambian infants. Vaccine 2021; 39:3633-3640. [PMID: 33992437 PMCID: PMC8204902 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS ROTAVAC® (frozen formulation stored at -20 °C) and ROTAVAC 5D® (liquid formulation stable at 2-8 °C) are rotavirus vaccines derived from the 116E human neonatal rotavirus strain, developed and licensed in India. This study evaluated and compared the safety and immunogenicity of these vaccines in an infant population in Zambia. METHODS We conducted a phase 2b, open-label, randomized, controlled trial wherein 450 infants 6 to 8 weeks of age were randomized equally to receive three doses of ROTAVAC or ROTAVAC 5D, or two doses of ROTARIX®. Study vaccines were administered concomitantly with routine immunizations. Blood samples were collected pre-vaccination and 28 days after the last dose. Serum anti-rotavirus IgA antibodies were measured by ELISA, with WC3 and 89-12 rotavirus strains as viral lysates in the assays. The primary analysis was to assess non-inferiority of ROTAVAC 5D to ROTAVAC in terms of the geometric mean concentration (GMC) of serum IgA (WC3) antibodies. Seroresponse and seropositivity were also determined. Safety was evaluated as occurrence of immediate, solicited, unsolicited, and serious adverse events after each dose. RESULTS The study evaluated 388 infants in the per-protocol population. All three vaccines were well tolerated and immunogenic. The post-vaccination GMCs were 14.0 U/mL (95% CI: 10.4, 18.8) and 18.1 U/mL (95% CI: 13.7, 24.0) for the ROTAVAC and ROTAVAC 5D groups, respectively, yielding a ratio of 1.3 (95% CI: 0.9, 1.9), thus meeting the pre-set non-inferiority criteria. Solicited and unsolicited adverse events were similar across all study arms. No death or intussusception case was reported during study period. CONCLUSIONS Among Zambian infants, both ROTAVAC and ROTAVAC 5D were well tolerated and the immunogenicity of ROTAVAC 5D was non-inferior to that of ROTAVAC. These results are consistent with those observed in licensure trials in India and support use of these vaccines across wider geographical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chilengi
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Zambia
| | | | - M Chirwa
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Zambia
| | - N Sukwa
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Zambia
| | - C Chipeta
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Zambia
| | - R M Velu
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Zambia
| | - N Katanekwa
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Zambia
| | - S Babji
- The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Vellore, India
| | - G Kang
- The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Vellore, India
| | - M M McNeal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - N Meyer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Bhat N, Mantri SS, Iliev GV, Qahtani FA, Godbole S, Mantri SP, Bal AS. First impression of teeth design on others: A facial and personality analysis in the Central Indian population. Niger J Clin Pract 2019; 22:1503-1508. [PMID: 31719271 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_135_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Facial features and personality types vary with different geographical boundaries, culture, and ethnicity. The impression created by teeth design differs with the face and personality of males and females. Aims This study evaluated the dominant facial and personality types and their correlation among males and females in Central Indian population. Subjects and Methods The full-face photographs of 120 people, with a broad smile and visible dentition, were calibrated to generate a facial map with digital software. The participants filled a personality questionnaire. Facial form and personality type were classified as a combination of strong, dynamic, delicate, and calm. Descriptive and inferential statistics using Chi-square and Kappa tests. Results The dominant facial form was calm (66.67%, 71.67%) with the second dominant facial form being dynamic (50%, 51.67%) both for males and females respectively. While the dominant personality type was dynamic (50%), the second dominant personality type was calm (35%, 30%) for both males and females. Kappa analysis showed moderate agreement between the dominant facial and personality types (P = 0.41 in males, P = 0.10 in females). The software used was SPSS 22.0 version and P < 0.05 is considered as the level of significance. Conclusions A varying number of combinations are essential in characterizing the face. The personality type has a predominance of one type over other. The interpretation of these combinations in dentistry can help to select appropriate tooth forms and design a harmonious smile.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bhat
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Pacific Dental College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - S S Mantri
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Pacific Academy of Higher Education and Research University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - G V Iliev
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - F A Qahtani
- Faculty of Dentistry Vascular, Neuro and Interventional Radiologist, Al Baha University, Al Bahah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - S Godbole
- Professor Prosthodontics Crown and Bridge, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Sawangi, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - S P Mantri
- Professor and Head, Conservative Dentistry, Hitkarini Dental College and Hospital, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - A S Bal
- M.D.S. Orthodontist, Private Practitioner, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
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13
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Bhat N, Samson P, Robinson C, Park H, Roach M, Badiyan S, Puri V, Bradley J, Vlacich G. Palliative Treatment Utilization and Outcomes in Elderly Patients with Locally Advanced Esophageal Carcinoma: A Review of the National Cancer Database. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.2078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wang S, Chen Z, Lu H, Zhu S, Peng D, Soutto M, Gomma A, Bhat N, Naz H, Xu Z, El-Rifai W. Abstract 885: Induction of PRDX2 by H. pylori reduces ROS and promotes cancer cell survival and resistance to cisplatin. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background & Aims: The antioxidant enzyme peroxiredoxin 2 (PRDX2) plays a critical role in regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in several diseases. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a well-known risk factor of gastric cancer. The role of PRDX2 in gastric tumorigenesis remains largely unknown. We investigated the molecular function and regulation of PRDX2 in response to infection with H. pylori and cisplatin treatment in gastric cancer cells.
Methods:Western blots (WB) and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis were performed on AGS, SNU-1 and MKN28 gastric cancer cell lines to detect PRDX2 expression levels with or without H. pyloriinfection (7.13 or J166 strain). We evaluated the levels of ROS by H2DCFDA staining. WB analysis was used to determine oxidative DNA damage and double stranded DNA breaks by using antibodies against 8-Oxo-guanine and p-H2AX. WB and NF-κb luciferase reporter assay were performed to investigate the link between PRDX2 and NF-κb signaling. ATP-GLO cell titer analysis was utilized to determine cell viability.
Results:Our data indicated that PRDX2 mRNA and protein expression levels were induced byH. pyloriin AGS and SNU-1 cells. PRDX2 knockdown significantly increased ROS levels and 8-Oxoguanine staining followingH. pyloriinfection in both cells. These results were further confirmed by Western blot data showing that p-H2AX protein level was strongly induced in PRDX2 knockdown and H. pyloriinfected cells. Interestingly, Western blot data showed that TNF-αtreatment induced PRDX2 protein levels while Bay 11-7082 treatment decreased PRDX2 protein level in AGS and SNU-1 cells. At the same time, PRDX2 transient knockdown in both AGS and SNU-1 cells decreased p-P65 (S536) protein expression levels, nuclear localization of NF-κB-p65, and luciferase reporter activity (P<0.05). We also found that inhibition of PRDX2 significantly sensitized AGS and SNU-1 cells to cisplatin treatment.
Conclusion:Our data indicates that knockdown of PRDX2 enhances ROS and DNA damage with H. pylori infection on gastric cancer cells after H. pylori infection and sensitizes gastric cancer cells to cisplatin treatment. Our results suggest a positive feedforward loop between PRDX2 and NF-kB to reduce ROS levels.
KEY WORDS: PRDX2,H. pylori, gastric cancer, reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, NF-κb
Citation Format: Sen Wang, Zheng Chen, Heng Lu, Shoumin Zhu, Dunfa Peng, Mohammed Soutto, Ahmed Gomma, Nadeem Bhat, Huma Naz, Zekuan Xu, Wael El-Rifai. Induction of PRDX2 by H. pylori reduces ROS and promotes cancer cell survival and resistance to cisplatin [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 885.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Heng Lu
- 1University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zekuan Xu
- 2The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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15
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Bhat N, Dar AA, Saini S, Shahryari V, Kulkarni P, Dasgupta P, Yamamura S, Tanaka Y, Kato T, Hashimoto Y, Shiina M, Tabatabai ZL, Deng G, Dahiya R, Majid S. Abstract 4292: Negative regulation of oncogenes by a novel tumor suppressor microRNA in prostate cancer. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-4292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that regulate the expression of >60% of all human genes, either inhibiting target mRNA translation or inducing its degradation. MicroRNAs act as tumor suppressors or oncogenes in various cancers. The main objective of this study was to investigate the role of microRNA-588 (miR-588) in prostate cancer (PC).
Methods: The methods employed in this study include quantitative-real time PCR; western blot; fluorescence-activated cell sorting assays for cell cycle distribution and apoptosis; assays for cell viability, migration and invasiveness of prostate cancer cells. Luciferase reporter assays and in-vivo study in nude mice was also performed.
Results: The expression of miR-588 was significantly suppressed or silenced in PC tissue samples and cell lines when compared with normal tissues and a non-malignant cell line. Similar results were observed by analyzing the publicly available TCGA data sets for prostate adenocarcinoma. Functionally ectopic expression of miR-588 induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and suppressed cell proliferation. miR-588 exerted these functional effects by directly targeting the oncogenic Cyclin A2 that is involved in cancer cell cycle and proliferation. In silico algorithm showed a complimentary binding sequence in the 3'UTR of Cyclin A2 for miR-588. Over-expression of miR-588 significantly suppressed the luciferase activity of reporter plasmid containing the wild type 3'UTR sequences of cyclin A2 complementary to miR-588, which was abolished by mutations in these 3'UTR regions. miR-588 overexpression also significantly reduced the expression of cyclin A2 at both mRNA and protein levels. A significant decrease in the expression of various cell cycle pathway genes such as CycE1, MCM2, MCM4, CDC7 and CDT1 was also observed. These genes are involved in promoting cell cycle and proliferation and are overexpressed in prostate cancer. In vivo intracardiac implantation of PC3-MLuc-C6 prostate cancer cells constitutively expressing miR-588 showed a significant inhibition of the metastatic dissemination of these cells compared to the control miR expressing cells.
Conclusion: This is the first study demonstrating that miR-588 is significantly silenced and acts as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer. Reconstitution of silenced miR-588 may contribute to novel therapeutic approaches for regulating prostate cancer.
Citation Format: Nadeem Bhat, Altaf A. Dar, Sharanjot Saini, Varahram Shahryari, Priyanka Kulkarni, Pritha Dasgupta, Soichiro Yamamura, Yuichiro Tanaka, Taku Kato, Yutaka Hashimoto, Marisa Shiina, Z. Laura Tabatabai, Guoren Deng, Rajvir Dahiya, Shahana Majid. Negative regulation of oncogenes by a novel tumor suppressor microRNA in prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4292.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Bhat
- 1UCSF & VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Taku Kato
- 3VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA
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16
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Kulkarni P, Dasgupta P, Majid S, Shahryari V, Shiina M, Hashimoto Y, Bhat N, Deng G, Saini S, Yamamura S, Tanaka Y, Dahiya R. Abstract 2478: miR-182-5p suppresses progression of renal cancer through cell cycle arrest by targeting lncRNA MALAT-1. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-2478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a leading cause of death, accounting for nearly 14,000 (~2.4%) deaths in the United States in 2017, with clear cell carcinoma (ccRCC) being the most common histologic subtype. New and precise disease progression biomarkers are needed for early detection and follow-up. Characterization of these new biomarkers offers a new approach for the identification of novel therapeutic targets and drugs for RCC treatment. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) act as either onco-miRs or tumor suppressors in cancer. Here we show a tumor-suppressor role for miR-182-5p in ccRCC and novel regulation of cell proliferation through MALAT-1.
Methods: Profiling of miR-182-5p and MALAT-1 was performed in microdissected renal cancer tissues, matched adjacent normal regions and in human renal cancer cell lines by quantitative real-time PCR. To assess the functional significance of miR-182-5p in RCC, we overexpressed miR-182-5p/control miRNA (miR-CON) in RCC cell lines (ACHN, Caki-1) followed by functional assays. We also examined the therapeutic potential of synthetic miR-182-5p mimics in vivo using a renal cancer xenograft mouse model. We performed luciferase reporter assay and Ago2-RIP assay to investigate the interaction between miR-182-5p and MALAT-1. In addition, we assessed the effects of miR-182-5p overexpression and MALAT-1 downregulation on cell cycle progression in ccRCC cell lines.
Results: Expression analyses in a cohort of renal cancer clinical specimens showed that miR-182-5p expression is frequently downregulated in ccRCC. We observed that overexpression of miR-182-5p inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, apoptosis and led to G2/M arrest, supporting an antiproliferative role for this microRNA. Overexpression of miR-182-5p led to decreased expression of CDC20 and AURKA, drivers of the cell cycle mitotic phase. Also, overexpression of miR-182-5p directly lowered the expression of MALAT-1 and knockdown of MALAT-1 mimicked the effects of miR-182-5p overexpression. Downregulation of MALAT-1 led to upregulation of p53 that ultimately downregulated CDC20, AURKA. In vivo studies demonstrated that administration of miR-182-5p caused regression of established renal tumor xenografts.
Conclusions: Collectively, these data suggest that miR-182-5p plays a tumor-suppressive role in ccRCC. These findings offer new insight into role of miR-182-5p in the inhibition of ccRCC tumor growth through MALAT-1 downregulation. This study may provide rationale for development of new strategies targeting MALAT-1 through miR-182-5p for treatment of ccRCC.
Citation Format: Priyanka Kulkarni, Pritha Dasgupta, Shahana Majid, Varahram Shahryari, Marisa Shiina, Yutaka Hashimoto, Nadeem Bhat, Guoren Deng, Sharanjot Saini, Soichiro Yamamura, Yuichiro Tanaka, Rajvir Dahiya. miR-182-5p suppresses progression of renal cancer through cell cycle arrest by targeting lncRNA MALAT-1 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2478.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shahana Majid
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Marisa Shiina
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Nadeem Bhat
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Guoren Deng
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | | | | | - Rajvir Dahiya
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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Hashimoto Y, Shiina M, Kato T, Yamamura S, Tanaka Y, Majid S, Saini S, Shahryari V, Kulkarni P, Dasgupta P, Bhagiratha D, Bhat N, Deng G, Tabatabai L, Kumar D, Dahiya R. Abstract 489: Up-regulation of miR-130b is involved in prostate cancer racial disparity through FHIT pathway inactivation. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose: Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common cancer in men. African-American (AfA) men have higher incidence and significantly higher prostate cancer mortality rates than Caucasian-American (CaA) men. In this study, we investigated the biochemical role of miR-130b in this disparity.
Methods: We used meta-analyses and data from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). PCa cell lines from CaA (DU145, LNCaP, PC3), AfA (MDA-PCa-2b, E006AA-hT) and a normal epithelial cell line (PWR1E) were used for examining miR-130b expression levels and/or establishing stable miR-130b knock-down clones. Total RNA was extracted from clinical samples and cell lines. miR-130b and mRNA levels of its target genes were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). qPCR based gene expression arrays were used to identify miR-130b target genes. Cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle were monitored after stable miR-130b knock down. Western blotting was performed to detect miR-130b target protein expression levels.
Results: TCGA data showed up-regulation of miR-130b in AfA PCa tissue samples compared with CaA samples. miR-130b was significantly up-regulated in AfA prostate cancer tissues and cell lines compared to CaA cells and tissues. Utilizing SFVAMC and NDRI patient cohorts, we confirmed that miR-130b expression was linked to a racial difference between AfA/CaA PCa patients. Knock down of miR-130b showed decreased growth and cell cycle arrest, though the effect was less in CaA compared to AfA cells. We found unique changes in biological pathways associated with miR-130b knock down in AfA cells by qPCR array. Evaluation of the altered pathways showed that Fragile Histidine Triad (FHIT) was markedly changed in the AfA compared with CaA cells.
Conclusion: These results demonstrate that miR-130b may be a central regulator of key events that contribute racial differences in prostate cancer. FHIT may also be a new AfA specific tumor-suppressive pathway that may be of therapeutic importance in AfA prostate cancer patients.
Citation Format: Yutaka Hashimoto, Masrisa Shiina, Taku Kato, Soichiro Yamamura, Yuichiro Tanaka, Shahana Majid, Sharanjot Saini, Varahram Shahryari, Priyanka Kulkarni, Pritha Dasgupta, Divya Bhagiratha, Nadeem Bhat, Guoren Deng, Laura Tabatabai, Deepak Kumar, Rajvir Dahiya. Up-regulation of miR-130b is involved in prostate cancer racial disparity through FHIT pathway inactivation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 489.
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Brose M, Shenoy S, Bhat N, Harlacker A, Yurtal R, Posey Z, Torrente D, Grande C, Squillante C, Troxel A, Yarchoan M. A Phase 2 Trial of Cabozantinib for the Treatment of Radioiodine-Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma in the First-Line Setting. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Bhat N, Shahryari V, Saini S, Yamamura S, Tanaka Y, Dahiya R, Majid S. MP29-16 ROLE OF A NOVEL TUMOR SUPPRESSOR MICRO-RNA IN PROSTATE CANCER. J Urol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2018.02.936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Ray J, Chen Y, Bhat N, Bieber M, Teng N. Down Regulation of MAPK Signaling by Cytotoxic Human Monoclonal Antibody in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Ray J, Bhat N, Wender P, Teng N. Overcoming Clear Cell Ovarian Cancer Resistance to Taxol by an Oligo Arginine Transporter Conjugate. Gynecol Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.07.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Fell DB, Savitz DA, Kramer MS, Gessner BD, Katz MA, Knight M, Luteijn JM, Marshall H, Bhat N, Gravett MG, Skidmore B, Ortiz JR. Maternal influenza and birth outcomes: systematic review of comparative studies. BJOG 2017; 124:48-59. [PMID: 27264387 PMCID: PMC5216449 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.14143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although pregnant women are considered at high risk for severe influenza disease, comparative studies of maternal influenza and birth outcomes have not been comprehensively summarised. OBJECTIVE To review comparative studies evaluating maternal influenza disease and birth outcomes. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched bibliographic databases from inception to December 2014. SELECTION CRITERIA Studies of preterm birth, small-for-gestational-age (SGA) birth or fetal death, comparing women with and without clinical influenza illness or laboratory-confirmed influenza infection during pregnancy. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two reviewers independently abstracted data and assessed study quality. MAIN RESULTS Heterogeneity across 16 studies reporting preterm birth precluded meta-analysis. In a subgroup of the highest-quality studies, two reported significantly increased preterm birth (risk ratios (RR) from 2.4 to 4.0) following severe 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) influenza illness, whereas those assessing mild-to-moderate pH1N1 or seasonal influenza found no association. Five studies of SGA birth showed no discernible patterns with respect to influenza disease severity (pooled odds ratio 1.24; 95% CI 0.96-1.59). Two fetal death studies were of sufficient quality and size to permit meaningful interpretation. Both reported an increased risk of fetal death following maternal pH1N1 disease (RR 1.9 for mild-to-moderate disease and 4.2 for severe disease). CONCLUSIONS Comparative studies of preterm birth, SGA birth and fetal death following maternal influenza disease are limited in number and quality. An association between severe pH1N1 disease and preterm birth and fetal death was reported by several studies; however, these limited data do not permit firm conclusions on the magnitude of any association. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Comparative studies are limited in quality but suggest severe pandemic H1N1 influenza increases preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- DB Fell
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational HealthMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
- Better Outcomes Registry & Network (BORN)CHEO Research InstituteOttawaONCanada
| | - DA Savitz
- Department of EpidemiologyBrown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyBrown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA
| | - MS Kramer
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational HealthMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
- Department of PediatricsMcGill University Faculty of MedicineMontrealQCCanada
| | - BD Gessner
- Agence de Médecine PréventiveParisFrance
| | - MA Katz
- Independent ConsultantTel AvivIsrael
| | - M Knight
- National Perinatal Epidemiology UnitUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - H Marshall
- Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials UnitWomen's and Children's HospitalNorth AdelaideSAAustralia
- School of MedicineUniversity of AdelaideNorth AdelaideSAAustralia
- Robinson Research InstituteUniversity of AdelaideNorth AdelaideSAAustralia
| | | | - MG Gravett
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
- Global Alliance to Prevent Prematurity and StillbirthSeattle Children'sSeattleWAUSA
| | | | - JR Ortiz
- Initiative for Vaccine ResearchWorld Health OrganizationGenevaSwitzerland
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Makhdoomi R, Bashir N, Bhat N, Bashir S, Mustafa F, Aiman A, Charaki A, Hussain S, Shafi S, Baht S, Bashir N, Zahir Z, Shah P. Clinicopathological Spectrum Of Gall Bladder Cancer In Kashmir - An Institutional Study. Gulf J Oncolog 2016; 1:79-85. [PMID: 27050183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy that usually presents at an advanced incurable stage. It is the fifth most common gastro-intestinal tumor and leads to approximately 2800 deaths in United States annually. This was a retrospective study carried out in the Department of Pathology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, a 650-bed super speciality hospital in Kashmir valley. We reviewed the histopathological records of all the patients who were diagnosed as carcinoma gallbladder from Dec 2009-Dec 2013. Gross findings and histopathological findings were noted from the departmental archival material and clinical records of the patients including the clinical presentation, laboratory investigations, radiological investigations, pre-operative diagnosis and intra-operative findings, were retrieved from the hospital records. We analyzed 57 cases of carcinoma gallbladder for their clinicopathological features It included 19 males and 37 females. In our study, adenocarcinomas accounted for 87.5% of total carcinomas. Incidentally, all but one patient where gall stones were found, adenocarcinomas were seen. We have 4 patients of squamous cell carcinoma. In our series we have a single case of small cell carcinoma which was positive for neuroendocrine markers. In our study, gall stones were seen only in 8 cases (14%) of the total cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Makhdoomi
- Department of Pathology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Kashmir
| | - N Bashir
- Department of Hematology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Kashmir
| | - N Bhat
- Department of Pathology, Govt Medical College, Srinagar, Kashmir
| | - S Bashir
- Department of Pathology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Kashmir
| | - F Mustafa
- Department of Pathology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Kashmir
| | - A Aiman
- Department of Pathology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Kashmir
| | - A Charaki
- Department of Pathology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Kashmir
| | - S Hussain
- Department of Pathology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Kashmir
| | - S Shafi
- Department of Pathology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Kashmirr
| | - S Baht
- Department of Pathology, Govt Medical College, Srinagar, Kashmir
| | - N Bashir
- Department of Pathology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Kashmir
| | - Z Zahir
- Department of Pathology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Kashmir
| | - P Shah
- Department of Pathology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Kashmir
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Chen Y, Bieber M, Bhat N, Teng N. Enhancement of chemotherapy by natural human antibody in epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Smith ME, Lakhani R, Bhat N. Consenting for risk in common ENT operations: an evidence-based approach. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 270:2551-7. [PMID: 23609098 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-013-2464-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pre-operative consent discussion and documentation is an essential process that should follow relevant guidance, and include all serious or frequently occurring risks. We assessed the appropriateness of consent for grommet insertion, tonsillectomy, septoplasty, and hemithyroidectomy, by comparing the risks listed in current consenting practice to published complication data for the relevant operation. 120 consent forms and associated clinic letters were analysed. A literature search identified published complication data for comparison. There was great variation in consent practice for each operation type, and poor correlation with published risk incidence. Only 'bleeding' post-tonsillectomy and 'recurrent laryngeal nerve injury' post hemithyroidectomy were listed in 100 % of relevant cases. Common and serious complications were frequently omitted from forms. The number and type of risks consented for a procedure significantly differed between consultant and non-consultant staff. The potential requirement for blood transfusion was discussed in only 20 % of tonsillectomy cases. Currently, the pre-operative consent for commonly performed ENT operations does not reflect operative risks. Consenting for surgical complications should be evidence based using published or personal data. A change in the consent process is required to protect patient autonomy and meet both legal and professional body requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Smith
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery, Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Edith Cavell Campus, Bretton Gate, Peterborough, PE3 9GZ, UK.
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Abstract
The implementation of the European Working Time Regulations (EWTR), coupled with the ongoing impact of Modernising Medical Careers (MMC), has necessitated a significant redevelopment of out-of-hours cover for surgical specialties in the UK. A review of the literature related to the provision of out-of-hours ENT cover gives an insight into the impact of these changes on a comparatively small surgical specialty. A 2008 survey revealed that three-quarters of junior doctors providing ENT out-of-hours care were crosscovering specialties other than ENT – a figure up from just over half of junior doctors in 2005, prior to stricter EWTR rules. Of all 'first-on-call' doctors for ENT, only 19–32% have prior ENT experience. Consequently, ENT services are provided frequently by inexperienced, non-enT doctors covering multiple other specialties, often as part of a 'hospital-at-night' team.
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Affiliation(s)
- ME Smith
- Core Surgical Trainee ENT Surgery
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Abstract
We have examined the expression of the ets family of transcription factors in different types of hematopoietic cells. Our results demonstrate that several members of the ets gene family are expressed differentially in hematopoietic cells. During phorbol ester induced differentiation of HL60 cells, ETS2, PEA3, as well as GABPalpha and GABPbeta mRNAs are coordinately induced. During the activation of T-cells, ETS2 proteins are induced; however, the expression of the ETS1 and ERGB gene products are reduced. These results demonstrate that the regulation of ets family of genes is complex and depends on cell type. This observation leads to the conclusion that the regulation of ets target genes, will be dependent, in part, upon the type of ets genes expressed in each particular cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Romanospica
- NCI,MOLEC ONCOL LAB,POB B,FREDERICK,MD 21702. MED UNIV S CAROLINA,HOLLINGS CANC CTR,CTR MOLEC & STRUCT BIOL,CHARLESTON,SC 29425. FREDERICK CANC RES & DEV CTR,DYNCORP,PROGRAM RESOURCES INC,FREDERICK,MD 21702
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Abstract
ETS-1 is a cellular homologue of the viral ets oncogene of the E26 virus and functions as a sequence specific transcription factor. It plays an important role in cell proliferation, differentiation, lymphoid cell development, transformation, angiogenesis and apoptosis. ETS-1 may control the expression of critical genes involved in these processes by binding to ets binding sites present in their transcriptional regulatory regions. Recent progress in understanding the multiple functions of ETS-1 is summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bhat
- WOMENS COLL HOSP,TORONTO,ON,CANADA. UNIV TORONTO,MRC GRP,TORONTO,ON M5S 1A1,CANADA. MED UNIV S CAROLINA,HOLLINGS CANC CTR,CTR MOL & STRUCT BIOL,CHARLESTON,SC 29425
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Bhat N, Wani I. Female Epispadiasis: A Case report. J Nepal Paedtr Soc 2011. [DOI: 10.3126/jnps.v31i3.4415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolated female epispadias without exstrophy is rare to see. It is often overlooked cause of incontinence in a female child. A case of isolated female epispadias without exstrophy in an 11-year-old girl who presented with primary urinary incontinence since birth is reported. She had never had a genitalia examination done by any treating clinician. On examination, she had a bifid clitoris and ill developed labia minora. Voiding cystourethrogram showed small sized bladder with no reflux. Bladder neck reconstruction was done transvesically, with tubularisation of urethra. The case report reflects the importance of physical examination in primary incontinence which can make an early diagnosis and treatment and prevent stigmata of incontinence. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v31i3.4415 J Nep Paedtr Soc 2011;31(3): 244-246
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Sathian B, Babu R, Sreedharan J, Bhat N, Chandrasekharan N, Rajesh E. SP3-69 Gender, ethnic and food intake differences in the occurrence of overweight in Indian, Nepalese and Srilankan medical students. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976o.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Kakatkar G, Bhat N, Nagarajappa R, Prasad V, Sharda A, Asawa K, Agrawal A. Barriers to the utilization of dental services in udaipur, India. J Dent (Tehran) 2011; 8:81-89. [PMID: 21998813 PMCID: PMC3184738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Regular home care and yearly dental check-ups are the best means of dental care. In spite of the information on dental care, many people fail to take these precautions. The objective of this study was to determine the barriers in regular dental care and home care and to assess their association with age, sex, education and income. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 427 randomly selected individuals, 248 males and 179 females. Data were collected by a pre-tested, self-administered 14 question questionnaire. The answer "very much" was scored as one, "to some degree" as two and "not at all" as three. The data was described and analyzed by frequency distribution and chi square test with P<0.05 level of significance. Logistic regression was used to investigate the association between dental visits with age, sex and education. Correlation between income and dental visits was determined by Spearman's correlation coefficient. RESULTS The male group had more dental visits (P>0.05), but females experienced higher dental fear (P<0.001). The younger age group had more visits within one year in comparison to the older. Increase in education, decreases the barriers for regular dental care. Income had a significantly negative correlation with dental visit (P=0.02). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that males believed in having regular dental care. Cost of the treatment also affected the dental visits, but the distance they had to travel to get the dental treatment was not much significant. Above all, felt need had a major impact on the dental visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Kakatkar
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Pacific Dental College and Hospital, Debari, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - N. Bhat
- Professor, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Pacific Dental College and Hospital, Debari, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - R. Nagarajappa
- Professor, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Pacific Dental College and Hospital, Debari, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - V. Prasad
- Reader, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Darshan Dental College and Hospital, Loyara, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - A. Sharda
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Pacific Dental College and Hospital, Debari, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - K. Asawa
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Pacific Dental College and Hospital, Debari, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - A. Agrawal
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Pacific Dental College and Hospital, Debari, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Bhat N, Wang A, Saraswat KC. Effect of annealing ambient on performance and reliability of low pressure chemical vapor deposited oxides for thin film transistors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-424-287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe performance and reliability of low pressure chemical vapor deposited (LPCVD) oxides subjected to oxidizing, inert and nitriding annealing ambients is characterized both at low temperature (600°C) and high temperature (950°C). The oxidizing ambient results in worse initial interface state density and charge to break down. We attribute this to the interfacial stress developed during the oxidation, due to the volume mismatch between Si and SiO2. The C-V measurements on poly-Si substrate capacitors and the charge pumping measurements on poly-Si thin film transistors (TFTs) indicate lower trap density for inert and nitriding ambients. The TFTs with inert anneal exhibit lower bias temperature instability compared to oxidizing ambient.
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Singh K, Shetty S, Bhat N, Sharda A, Agrawal A, Chaudhary H. Awareness of Consumer Protection Act among Doctors in Udaipur City, India. J Dent (Tehran) 2010; 7:19-23. [PMID: 21998771 PMCID: PMC3184720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2009] [Accepted: 07/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the awareness of provisions of consumer protection act among dental and medical professionals in Udaipur city, Rajasthan, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a cross sectional study, a total of 448 professionals (253 males, 195 females) belonging to dental (222) and medical (226) categories were surveyed using a self administered structured questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised of 22 questions about the awareness of consumer protection art (CPA) and whether these professionals were following the recommendations of CPA. The student's t-test, ANOVA test, and Scheffe's test were used as tests of significance. RESULTS The awareness scores were significantly higher for medical professionals compared with those of dental professionals. Similarly, postgraduates showed more awareness in both the professions and it was found that private practitioners significantly have more awareness than the academic sector. CONCLUSION Though medical professionals have more awareness of CPA compared to dental professionals, considering the present scenario, better knowledge of CPA is necessary for both professionals in order to be on the safer side.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Singh
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Community Dentistry, Pacific Dental College and Hospital, Debari, Udaipur Rajasthan, India,Corresponding author: K. Singh, Department of Community Dentistry, Pacific Dental College and Hospital, Debari, Udaipur Rajasthan, India.
| | - S. Shetty
- Professor, Department of Community Dentistry, Pacific Dental College and Hospital, Debari, Udaipur Rajasthan, India
| | - N. Bhat
- Associate Professor, Department of Community Dentistry, Pacific Dental College and Hospital, Debari, Udaipur Rajasthan, India
| | - A. Sharda
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Community Dentistry, Pacific Dental College and Hospital, Debari, Udaipur Rajasthan, India
| | - A. Agrawal
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Community Dentistry, Pacific Dental College and Hospital, Debari, Udaipur Rajasthan, India
| | - H. Chaudhary
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Community Dentistry, Pacific Dental College and Hospital, Debari, Udaipur Rajasthan, India
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Khan AB, Bhat N, Hassan A, Al Saied G. Aortic thrombosis complicating Crohn disease: an unusual complication. Can J Surg 2009; 52:E182-E184. [PMID: 19865551 PMCID: PMC2769102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Bashir Khan
- Department of Surgery, King Fahad Medical City Riyadh, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study health status of siblings of children hospitalized for various diseases. METHODS A total of 308 siblings of 200 hospitalized children were studied by detailed history, anthropometry, physical examination and relevant laboratory tests. RESULTS Only 43.83% siblings were fully immunized, 25.32% partially and 30.85% were totally unimmunized. Normal nutritional status was seen in 20.43% siblings; 26.95% had grade 1, 25.64% grade II, 24.02% grade III and 2.92% had grade IV malnutrition. Various morbid conditions were observed in siblings, the common ones were vit. A deficiency (22.40%), worm infestation (21.42%), anemia (19.15%), dental caries (13.63%), ARI (13.31%), diarrhoea (12.01%), malaria (7.46%) and scabies (7.14%). CONCLUSION The siblings of hospitalized children are in a high-risk group as they share same environment and nutrition. They have various ailments in various stages of severity. The health screening of such children will have a positive impact in promoting health and diagnosing diseases at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bhat
- Department of Pediatrics, GR Medical College and Kamla Raja Hospital, Gwalior, India
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36
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Baker R, Stevens-King A, Bhat N, Leong P. Should patients with asymmetrical noise-induced hearing loss be screened for vestibular schwannomas? Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci 2003; 28:346-51. [PMID: 12871250 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2273.2003.00721.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The Peterborough ENT department receives many referrals for MoD personnel who have suffered hearing loss from occupational noise exposure. Those patients with asymmetrical sensorineural hearing loss are routinely screened for vestibular schwannomas by MRI scanning. Scan reports from the past 5 years have been reviewed and out of 152 scans, four revealed vestibular schwannomas giving a pick-up rate of 2.5%, which compares favourably with other published pick-up rates. Review of the audiograms in these cases suggests that they can be misleading in this context. The conclusion is that patients with noise-induced asymmetrical hearing loss should be screened for acoustic neuromas.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Baker
- Department of ENT Surgery, Edith Cavell Hospital, Peterborough, UK.
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37
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Raut VV, Bhat N, Sinnathuray AR, Kinsella JB, Stevenson M, Toner JG. Bipolar scissors versus cold dissection for pediatric tonsillectomy--a prospective, randomized pilot study. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2002; 64:9-15. [PMID: 12020908 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5876(02)00022-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate bipolar scissors tonsillectomy by comparing it with traditional cold dissection tonsillectomy. The outcome measures used were: (1) intra-operative bleeding; (2) operative time; (3) post-operative pain; and (4) complication rates including reactionary and secondary hemorrhage. METHOD A prospective, randomized multiunit study involving three teaching hospitals in Belfast. Fifty consecutive children aged 10-16 years undergoing tonsillectomy for recurrent or chronic tonsillitis, between March 2000 and September 2000 were recruited as a subgroup of 200 patients selected for this study. These children were analysed separately from the adults, in a pilot study for the above parameters. RESULTS The mean age of the study population was 14.3 years. Sixty-eight percent of the children were girls. Median intra-operative blood loss was 6 ml for bipolar scissors tonsillectomy and 86 ml for cold dissection tonsillectomy (P<0.001). The median operative time was 10.5 min for bipolar scissors tonsillectomy compared to 14.5 min for the cold dissection method (P=0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the pain scores between the two methods (P>0.05). The overall reactionary hemorrhage rate was 4% while the overall secondary hemorrhage rate was 14%. The hospital readmission rate was 4%. The reactionary and secondary hemorrhage rates were unaffected by the surgical method. CONCLUSIONS This pilot study has shown that bipolar scissors tonsillectomy is a relatively safe technique in children aged 10-16 years with a similar morbidity to the cold dissection method. Its use is associated with a significant decrease in surgical time and blood loss compared to the cold dissection method. These advantages make it a favourable instrument for pediatric tonsillectomy especially in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Raut
- Department of Otolaryngology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK.
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Abstract
The authors report a rare case of Chromobacterium violaceum infection in a 2-month-old child. She presented with an apparently localized abscess, which appeared to respond well to therapy. However, the infection recurred later with a fulminant course. The organism frequently is dismissed as a contaminant or not identified properly, and the fatality rates are high. A high degree of awareness about this infection needs to be created, especially among pediatricians and pediatric surgeons, because children appear to be infected more commonly than adults, and aggressive therapy is needed to save these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chattopadhyay
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal-5765119, Karnataka, India
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39
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Raut V, Bhat N, Kinsella J, Toner JG, Sinnathuray AR, Stevenson M. Bipolar scissors versus cold dissection tonsillectomy: a prospective, randomized, multi-unit study. Laryngoscope 2001; 111:2178-82. [PMID: 11802021 DOI: 10.1097/00005537-200112000-00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate bipolar scissors tonsillectomy by comparing it with traditional cold dissection tonsillectomy. STUDY DESIGN A prospective, randomized, multi-unit study. SETTINGS Belfast City Hospital, Royal Victoria Hospital Belfast, and Ulster Hospital Dundonald. PATIENTS Two hundred consecutive patients undergoing tonsillectomy for recurrent or chronic tonsillitis between March 2000 and September 2000. OUTCOME MEASURES (1) Intraoperative bleeding, (2) operative time, (3) postoperative pain, and (4) complication rates, including primary and secondary hemorrhage. RESULTS Seventeen patients were excluded from the study for various reasons. The mean age of the study population was 22 years (range, 10-54 y). Seventy-two percent of patients were female. Twenty-seven percent of patients were children aged 16 years or under. Median intraoperative blood loss was 5 mL for bipolar scissors tonsillectomy and 115 mL for cold dissection tonsillectomy (P < .001). The mean operative time was 13 minutes for bipolar scissors tonsillectomy compared with 20 minutes for the cold dissection method (P < .001). There was no statistically significant difference in the pain scores between the two methods (independent samples t = 1.35; P > .05). The overall primary hemorrhage rate was 2.1%, whereas the overall secondary hemorrhage rate was 16.9%. The hospital readmission rate was 10.3%. The primary and secondary hemorrhage rates were unaffected by the surgical method. CONCLUSIONS Bipolar scissors tonsillectomy is a safe technique with a similar morbidity to the cold dissection method. Its use is associated with a significant decrease in both surgical time and blood loss compared with the cold dissection method.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Raut
- Department of Otolaryngology, Belfast City Hospital, UK.
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40
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Abstract
Spontaneous biliary perforation (SBP) is a rare, surgically correctable cause of jaundice in neonates. The presenting feature is usually biliary ascites, and in rare cases, biliary peritonitis. This article reports a case of SBP, which presented with features of gastric outlet obstruction, leading to an erroneous preoperative diagnosis. Most probably this is the first report of such an unusual presentation of SBP. The child underwent exploratory laparotomy and a bilio-enteric bypass with drainage of the right subhepatic space, which led to a prompt resolution of the symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kumar
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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41
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Hayes RB, Reding D, Kopp W, Subar AF, Bhat N, Rothman N, Caporaso N, Ziegler RG, Johnson CC, Weissfeld JL, Hoover RN, Hartge P, Palace C, Gohagan JK. Etiologic and early marker studies in the prostate, lung, colorectal and ovarian (PLCO) cancer screening trial. Control Clin Trials 2000; 21:349S-355S. [PMID: 11189687 DOI: 10.1016/s0197-2456(00)00101-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial, which is randomizing 74,000 screening arm participants (37,000 men, 37,000 women; ages 55-74) and an equal number of nonscreened controls, is a unique setting for the investigation of the etiology of cancer and other diseases and for the evaluation of potential molecular markers of early disease. At entry, baseline information is collected by questionnaire on dietary intake, tobacco and alcohol use, reproductive history (for women), family history of cancer, use of selected drugs, and other selected risk factors. Blood samples collected at the baseline screening exam are aliquoted to serum, plasma, red blood cell, and buffy coat fractions. At the next two annual screening visits, serum samples are collected. At the third annual reexamination, cryopreserved whole blood is obtained, in addition to serum, plasma, red blood cell, and buffy coat fractions. At the fourth and fifth years, serum, plasma, and buffy coat are collected. All blood samples are shipped to a central repository for long-term storage at -70 degrees C. Dietary questionnaires and buccal cells for DNA analysis are obtained from nonscreened controls. Cancer cases are identified through annual follow-up questionnaires, and all deaths are identified through vital status tracing mechanisms. Procedures are being developed to obtain archival pathologic material for selected cases of cancer and related diseases. Initial investigations are focusing on the etiology of colorectal cancer and on the operative characteristics of tests for the early detection of colorectal and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Hayes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-7346, USA
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Abstract
Primary epidermoid cyst of the salivary gland is extremely rare and has only been reported once in the parotid gland A case of epidermoid cyst of the submandibular gland is presented, which required excisional biopsy for the diagnosis. Such excision is also curative.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Dutt
- The Departments of Pathology and Otolaryngology, The Manor Hospital, Moat Road, WS2 9PS Walsall, West Midlands ; 37 Jacoby Place, Priory Road, B5 7UN Edgbaston, Birmingham
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Cevallos AM, Bhat N, Verdon R, Hamer DH, Stein B, Tzipori S, Pereira ME, Keusch GT, Ward HD. Mediation of Cryptosporidium parvum infection in vitro by mucin-like glycoproteins defined by a neutralizing monoclonal antibody. Infect Immun 2000; 68:5167-75. [PMID: 10948140 PMCID: PMC101770 DOI: 10.1128/iai.68.9.5167-5175.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium parvum is a significant cause of diarrheal disease worldwide. Attachment to and invasion of host intestinal epithelial cells by C. parvum sporozoites are crucial steps in the pathogenesis of cryptosporidiosis. The molecular basis of these initial interactions is unknown. In order to identify putative C. parvum adhesion- and invasion-specific proteins, we raised monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to sporozoites and evaluated them for inhibition of attachment and invasion in vitro. Using this approach, we identified two glycoproteins recognized by 4E9, a MAb which neutralized C. parvum infection and inhibited sporozoite attachment to intestinal epithelial cells in vitro. 4E9 recognized a 40-kDa glycoprotein named gp40 and a second, >220-kDa protein which was identified as GP900, a previously described mucin-like glycoprotein. Glycoproteins recognized by 4E9 are localized to the surface and apical region of invasive stages and are shed in trails from the parasite during gliding motility. The epitope recognized by 4E9 contains alpha-N-acetylgalactosamine residues, which are present in a mucin-type O-glycosidic linkage. Lectins specific for these glycans bind to the surface and apical region of sporozoites and block attachment to host cells. The surface and apical localization of these glycoproteins and the neutralizing effect of the MAb and alpha-N-acetylgalactosamine-specific lectins strongly implicate these proteins and their glycotopes as playing a role in C. parvum-host cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Cevallos
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tupper Research Institute, New England Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA
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Orenstein JM, Bhat N, Yoder C, Fox C, Polis MA, Metcalf JA, Kovacs JA, Falloon J, Walker RE, Masur H, Lane HC, Davey RT. Rapid activation of lymph nodes and mononuclear cell HIV expression upon interrupting highly active antiretroviral therapy in patients after prolonged viral suppression. AIDS 2000; 14:1709-15. [PMID: 10985306 DOI: 10.1097/00002030-200008180-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the architecture and HIV-1 RNA and Gag p24 protein expression in lymph nodes (LN) excised from individuals during chronic highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with LN removed from the same patient after plasma virus rebound following the interruption of HAART. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six HIV-1-infected patients on HAART, with CD4 cell counts greater than 350 cells/microl, and plasma HIV-1 RNA less than 50 copies/ml, underwent inguinal LN excision upon discontinuation of HAART, and again after rebound of plasma virus. Lymph nodes were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining for Gag p24 antigen and Ki67, in-situ hybridization for HIV-1 RNA and H3-histone, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS LN at baseline were quiescent to mildly hyperplastic and generally contained more primary than secondary follicles. Only one LN had detectable follicular dendritic cell (FDC)-associated p24 antigen, none had HIV RNA. Few mononuclear cells (MNC) expressed RNA or p24 antigen. Plasma virus at the second biopsy ranged from 329 to 3.2 x 10(6) copies/ml. CD4 cell count decline ranged from 5 to 51% during drug hiatus, and was greatest in patients with highest viral rebound. Four of six of the second LN were more hyperplastic than the initial LN, two showed paracortical hyperplasia. MNC expression of HIV RNA in the second LN paralleled the level of plasma viremia. Increased Ki67 and H3-histone signal occurred in the second LN. CONCLUSION Quiescent LN from individuals on HAART rapidly become hyperplastic and activated within 1-2 months after treatment interruption. As in acute HIV infection, virus expression by LN MNC parallels the rebound in plasma viremia and fall in CD4 cell count.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Orenstein
- Department of Pathology, George Washington University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.
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Bhat N, De R, Zeiton H. Paediatric airway endoscopy. Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol (Bord) 2000; 121:31-5. [PMID: 10865481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review all paediatric endoscopies performed in a tertiary referral unit over a three-year period. METHODS OF STUDY Retrospective analysis of case-notes of all paediatric endoscopies performed between May 1993 and June 1996. RESULTS 333 paediatric airway endoscopies were performed on 146 children, of which 52% were GP referrals and the remainder secondary referrals. 70% were diagnostic endoscopies, 30% therapeutic procedures, with the commonest indication being stridor and respiratory distress (82%). Routine chest radiographs, lateral neck X-rays, and barium swallows were unhelpful in the management of the commoner upper-airway conditions. The commonest findings were laryngomalacia (44%) and subglottic stenosis (22%) and 17% of all cases had multiple airway abnormalities. Tracheotomy was performed on 18.4%, laryngotracheoplasty on 7.5%, and laryngotracheal reconstruction on 2.5%. There were no major complications in this series. CONCLUSIONS All children with airway symptoms should have a thorough rigid-endoscopic evaluation of their upper and lower airways. Radiology has a limited role in the diagnosis of the more common airway pathologies. These patients need to be assessed and managed in regional centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bhat
- West Midlands Rotation in Otolaryngology, Edgebaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
Immunomodulation has become a major focus of HIV research in an effort to augment, boost or restore the patient's damaged immune system. Recombinant interleukin-2 is currently being studied in phase II/III trials in HIV-infected patients. Several clinical studies have demonstrated that intermittent regimens are associated with marked rises in CD4+ cell counts without an increase in viral load. Most of these studies employ 5 consecutive days of interleukin-2 therapy by continuous intravenous infusion or subcutaneous injection, repeated every 8 weeks. An alternative strategy is the daily administration of low doses of interleukin-2, but clinical experience with this regimen is limited. Interleukin-2 administration can adversely affect virtually every organ system, requiring aggressive supportive care. A variety of administration strategies and interventions are being evaluated to minimise toxicity. Currently, no clinical end-point data are available for interleukin-2 in HIV-infected patients. Until phase III studies are completed, interleukin-2 can be used in the research setting as an immunomodulator and adjunct to antiretroviral therapy. Its potential to activate latently infected cells and promote HIV eradication from reservoir sites is also an important area for further study. If clinical benefit can be demonstrated, interleukin-2 could be useful as an adjunct to antiretroviral therapy if adverse effects can be minimised and therapy can be given infrequently on an outpatient basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Piscitelli
- Clinical Center Pharmacy Department, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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Davey RT, Bhat N, Yoder C, Chun TW, Metcalf JA, Dewar R, Natarajan V, Lempicki RA, Adelsberger JW, Miller KD, Kovacs JA, Polis MA, Walker RE, Falloon J, Masur H, Gee D, Baseler M, Dimitrov DS, Fauci AS, Lane HC. HIV-1 and T cell dynamics after interruption of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in patients with a history of sustained viral suppression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96:15109-14. [PMID: 10611346 PMCID: PMC24781 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.26.15109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 635] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying the immunologic and virologic consequences of discontinuing antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected patients is of major importance in developing long-term treatment strategies for patients with HIV-1 infection. We designed a trial to characterize these parameters after interruption of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in patients who had maintained prolonged viral suppression on antiretroviral drugs. Eighteen patients with CD4(+) T cell counts >/= 350 cells/microliter and viral load below the limits of detection for >/=1 year while on HAART were enrolled prospectively in a trial in which HAART was discontinued. Twelve of these patients had received prior IL-2 therapy and had low frequencies of resting, latently infected CD4 cells. Viral load relapse to >50 copies/ml occurred in all 18 patients independent of prior IL-2 treatment, beginning most commonly during weeks 2-3 after cessation of HAART. The mean relapse rate constant was 0.45 (0.20 log(10) copies) day(-1), which was very similar to the mean viral clearance rate constant after drug resumption of 0.35 (0.15 log(10) copies) day(-1) (P = 0.28). One patient experienced a relapse delay to week 7. All patients except one experienced a relapse burden to >5,000 RNA copies/ml. Ex vivo labeling with BrdUrd showed that CD4 and CD8 cell turnover increased after withdrawal of HAART and correlated with viral load whereas lymphocyte turnover decreased after reinitiation of drug treatment. Virologic relapse occurs rapidly in patients who discontinue suppressive drug therapy, even in patients with a markedly diminished pool of resting, latently infected CD4(+) T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Davey
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Baecher-Allan CM, Santora K, Sarantopoulos S, Den W, Sompuram SR, Sharon J, Cevallos AM, Bhat N, Ward H. Generation of a polyclonal Fab phage display library to the protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium parvum. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 1999; 2:319-25. [PMID: 10644857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
We had developed a technology for creation of recombinant polyclonal antibody libraries, standardized perpetual mixtures of polyclonal whole antibodies for which the genes are available and can be altered as desired. We report here the first phase of generating a polyclonal antibody library to Cryptosporidium parvum, a protozoan parasite that causes severe disease in AIDS patients, for which there is no effective treatment. BALB/c mice, immunized by neonatal oral infection with oocysts followed by intraperitoneal immunization with a sporozoite/oocyst preparation of C. parvum, were used for construction of a Fab phage display library in a specially-designed bidirectional vector. This library was selected for reactivity to an oocyst/sporozoite preparation, and was shown to be antigen-specific and diverse. Following mass transfer of the selected variable region gene pairs to appropriate mammalian expression vectors, such anti-C. parvum Fab phage display libraries could be used to develop chimeric polyclonal antibody libraries, with mouse variable regions and human constant regions, for passive immunotherapy of C. parvum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Baecher-Allan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
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Baecher-AIIan CM, Santora K, Sarantopoulos S, Den W, Sompuram SR, Cevallos AM, Bhat N, Ward H, Sharon J.. Generation of a Polyclonal Fab Phage Display Library to the Protozoan Parasite Cryptosporidium parvum. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 1999. [DOI: 10.2174/1386207302666220205231512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We had developed a technology for creation of recombinant polyclonal antibody libraries, standardized perpetual mixtures of polyclonal whole antibodies for which the genes are available and can be altered as desired. We report here the first phase of generating a polyclonal antibody library to Cryptosporidium parvum, a protozoan parasite that causes severe disease in AIDS patients, for which there is no effective treatment. BALB/c mice, immunized by neonatal oral infection with oocysts followed by intraperitoneal immunization with a sporozoite/oocyst preparation of C. parvum, were used for construction of a Fab phage display library in a specially designed bidirectional vector. This library was selected for reactivity to an oocyst/sporozoite preparation, and was shown to be antigen-specific and diverse. Following mass transfer of the selected variable region gene pairs to appropriate mammalian expression vectors, such anti-C. parvum Fab phage display libraries could be used to develop chimeric polyclonal antibody libraries, with mouse variable regions and human constant regions, for passive immunotherapy of C. parvum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. M. Baecher-AIIan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA,
02118, USA
| | - K. Santora
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - S. Sarantopoulos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - W. Den
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - S. R. Sompuram
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - A. M. Cevallos
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, New England Medical Center, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - N. Bhat
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, New England Medical Center, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - H. Ward
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, New England Medical Center, Tufts University
School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - J . Sharon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
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Bhat N, Perera PY, Carboni JM, Blanco J, Golenbock DT, Mayadas TN, Vogel SN. Use of a photoactivatable taxol analogue to identify unique cellular targets in murine macrophages: identification of murine CD18 as a major taxol-binding protein and a role for Mac-1 in taxol-induced gene expression. J Immunol 1999; 162:7335-42. [PMID: 10358184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Taxol, a potent antitumor agent that binds beta-tubulin and promotes microtubule assembly, results in mitotic arrest at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. More recently, Taxol was shown to be a potent LPS mimetic in murine, but not in human macrophages, stimulating signaling pathways and gene expression indistinguishably from LPS. Although structurally unrelated to LPS, Taxol's LPS-mimetic activities are blocked by inactive structural analogues of LPS, indicating that despite the species-restricted effects of Taxol, LPS and Taxol share a common receptor/signaling complex that might be important in LPS-induced human diseases. To identify components of the putatively shared Taxol/LPS receptor, a novel, photoactivatable Taxol analogue was employed to identify unique Taxol-binding proteins in murine macrophage membranes. Seven major Taxol-binding proteins, ranging from approximately 50 to 200 kDa, were detected. Although photoactivatable Taxol analogue failed to bind to CD14, the prominent Taxol-binding protein was identified as CD18, the approximately 96-kDa common component of the beta2 integrin family. This finding was supported by the concomitant failure of macrophage membranes from Mac-1 knockout mice to express immunoreactive CD18 and the major Taxol-binding protein. In addition, Taxol-induced IL-12 p40 mRNA was markedly reduced in Mac-1 knockout macrophages and anti-Mac-1 Ab blocked secretion of IL-12 p70 in Taxol- and LPS-stimulated macrophages. Since CD18 has been described as a participant in LPS-induced binding and signal transduction, these data support the hypothesis that the interaction of murine CD18 with Taxol is involved in its proinflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bhat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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