101
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Mosich GM, Husman R, Shah P, Sharma A, Rezzadeh K, Aderibigbe T, Hu VJ, McClintick DJ, Wu G, Gatto JD, Xi H, Pyle AD, Péault B, Petrigliano FA, Dar A. Non-fibro-adipogenic pericytes from human embryonic stem cells attenuate degeneration of the chronically injured mouse muscle. JCI Insight 2019; 4:125334. [PMID: 31852842 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.125334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Massive tears of the rotator cuff (RC) are associated with chronic muscle degeneration due to fibrosis, fatty infiltration, and muscle atrophy. The microenvironment of diseased muscle often impairs efficient engraftment and regenerative activity of transplanted myogenic precursors. Accumulating myofibroblasts and fat cells disrupt the muscle stem cell niche and myogenic cell signaling and deposit excess disorganized connective tissue. Therefore, restoration of the damaged stromal niche with non-fibro-adipogenic cells is a prerequisite to successful repair of an injured RC. We generated from human embryonic stem cells (hES) a potentially novel subset of PDGFR-β+CD146+CD34-CD56- pericytes that lack expression of the fibro-adipogenic cell marker PDGFR-α. Accordingly, the PDGFR-β+PDGFR-α- phenotype typified non-fibro-adipogenic, non-myogenic, pericyte-like derivatives that maintained non-fibro-adipogenic properties when transplanted into chronically injured murine RCs. Although administered hES pericytes inhibited developing fibrosis at early and late stages of progressive muscle degeneration, transplanted PDGFR-β+PDGFR-α+ human muscle-derived fibro-adipogenic progenitors contributed to adipogenesis and greater fibrosis. Additionally, transplanted hES pericytes substantially attenuated muscle atrophy at all tested injection time points after injury. Coinciding with this observation, conditioned medium from cultured hES pericytes rescued atrophic myotubes in vitro. These findings imply that non-fibro-adipogenic hES pericytes recapitulate the myogenic stromal niche and may be used to improve cell-based treatments for chronic muscle disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina M Mosich
- Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, and
| | - Regina Husman
- Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, and
| | - Paras Shah
- Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, and
| | - Abhinav Sharma
- Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, and
| | - Kevin Rezzadeh
- Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, and
| | | | - Vivian J Hu
- Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, and
| | | | - Genbin Wu
- Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, and
| | - Jonathan D Gatto
- Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, and
| | - Haibin Xi
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, California, USA
| | - April D Pyle
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, California, USA
| | - Bruno Péault
- Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, and.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, California, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular Science and MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Frank A Petrigliano
- Epstein Family Center for Sports Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ayelet Dar
- Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, and
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102
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Wu J, Matthias N, Lo J, Ortiz-Vitali JL, Shieh AW, Wang SH, Darabi R. A Myogenic Double-Reporter Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Line Allows Prospective Isolation of Skeletal Muscle Progenitors. Cell Rep 2019; 25:1966-1981.e4. [PMID: 30428361 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myogenic differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has been done by gene overexpression or directed differentiation. However, viral integration, long-term culture, and the presence of unwanted cells are the main obstacles. By using CRISPR/Cas9n, a double-reporter human embryonic stem cell (hESC) line was generated for PAX7/MYF5, allowing prospective readout. This strategy allowed pathway screen to define efficient myogenic induction in hPSCs. Next, surface marker screen allowed identification of CD10 and CD24 for purification of myogenic progenitors and exclusion of non-myogenic cells. CD10 expression was also identified on human satellite cells and skeletal muscle progenitors. In vitro and in vivo studies using transgene and/or reporter-free hPSCs further validated myogenic potential of the cells by formation of new fibers expressing human dystrophin as well as donor-derived satellite cells in NSG-mdx4Cv mice. This study provides biological insights for myogenic differentiation of hPSCs using a double-reporter cell resource and defines an improved myogenic differentiation and purification strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Wu
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (CSCRM), The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nadine Matthias
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (CSCRM), The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jonathan Lo
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (CSCRM), The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jose L Ortiz-Vitali
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (CSCRM), The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Annie W Shieh
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Sidney H Wang
- Center for Human Genetics, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Radbod Darabi
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (CSCRM), The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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103
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Selvaraj S, Dhoke NR, Kiley J, Mateos-Aierdi AJ, Tungtur S, Mondragon-Gonzalez R, Killeen G, Oliveira VKP, López de Munain A, Perlingeiro RCR. Gene Correction of LGMD2A Patient-Specific iPSCs for the Development of Targeted Autologous Cell Therapy. Mol Ther 2019; 27:2147-2157. [PMID: 31501033 PMCID: PMC6904833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A (LGMD2A), caused by mutations in the Calpain 3 (CAPN3) gene, is an incurable autosomal recessive disorder that results in muscle wasting and loss of ambulation. To test the feasibility of an autologous induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based therapy for LGMD2A, here we applied CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing to iPSCs from three LGMD2A patients to enable correction of mutations in the CAPN3 gene. Using a gene knockin approach, we genome edited iPSCs carrying three different CAPN3 mutations, and we demonstrated the rescue of CAPN3 protein in myotube derivatives in vitro. Transplantation of gene-corrected LGMD2A myogenic progenitors in a novel mouse model combining immunodeficiency and a lack of CAPN3 resulted in muscle engraftment and rescue of the CAPN3 mRNA. Thus, we provide here proof of concept for the integration of genome editing and iPSC technologies to develop a novel autologous cell therapy for LGMD2A.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calpain/physiology
- Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy/methods
- Cells, Cultured
- Humans
- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology
- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle Proteins/physiology
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle/therapy
- Mutation
- Transplantation, Autologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Selvaraj
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Neha R Dhoke
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - James Kiley
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Alba Judith Mateos-Aierdi
- Neurosciences Department, Biodonostia Research Institute-University of the Basque Country UPV-EHU, San Sebastián 20014, Spain; CIBERNED, Institute Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Sudheer Tungtur
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ricardo Mondragon-Gonzalez
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), 07360 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Grace Killeen
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Vanessa K P Oliveira
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Adolfo López de Munain
- Neurosciences Department, Biodonostia Research Institute-University of the Basque Country UPV-EHU, San Sebastián 20014, Spain; CIBERNED, Institute Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Rita C R Perlingeiro
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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104
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Tey SR, Robertson S, Lynch E, Suzuki M. Coding Cell Identity of Human Skeletal Muscle Progenitor Cells Using Cell Surface Markers: Current Status and Remaining Challenges for Characterization and Isolation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:284. [PMID: 31828070 PMCID: PMC6890603 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle progenitor cells (SMPCs), also called myogenic progenitors, have been studied extensively in recent years because of their promising therapeutic potential to preserve and recover skeletal muscle mass and function in patients with cachexia, sarcopenia, and neuromuscular diseases. SMPCs can be utilized to investigate the mechanisms of natural and pathological myogenesis via in vitro modeling and in vivo experimentation. While various types of SMPCs are currently available from several sources, human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) offer an efficient and cost-effective method to derive SMPCs. As human PSC-derived cells often display varying heterogeneity in cell types, cell enrichment using cell surface markers remains a critical step in current procedures to establish a pure population of SMPCs. Here we summarize the cell surface markers currently being used to detect human SMPCs, describing their potential application for characterizing, identifying and isolating human PSC-derived SMPCs. To date, several positive and negative markers have been used to enrich human SMPCs from differentiated PSCs by cell sorting. A careful analysis of current findings can broaden our understanding and reveal potential uses for these surface markers with SMPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin-Ruow Tey
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Samantha Robertson
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Eileen Lynch
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Masatoshi Suzuki
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States.,The Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
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105
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Selvaraj S, Mondragon-Gonzalez R, Xu B, Magli A, Kim H, Lainé J, Kiley J, Mckee H, Rinaldi F, Aho J, Tabti N, Shen W, Perlingeiro RCR. Screening identifies small molecules that enhance the maturation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived myotubes. eLife 2019; 8:e47970. [PMID: 31710288 PMCID: PMC6845233 DOI: 10.7554/elife.47970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted differentiation of pluripotent stem (PS) cells into myotubes enables in vitro disease modeling of skeletal muscle diseases. Although various protocols achieve myogenic differentiation in vitro, resulting myotubes typically display an embryonic identity. This is a major hurdle for accurately recapitulating disease phenotypes in vitro, as disease commonly manifests at later stages of development. To address this problem, we identified four factors from a small molecule screen whose combinatorial treatment resulted in myotubes with enhanced maturation, as shown by the expression profile of myosin heavy chain isoforms, as well as the upregulation of genes related with muscle contractile function. These molecular changes were confirmed by global chromatin accessibility and transcriptome studies. Importantly, we also observed this maturation in three-dimensional muscle constructs, which displayed improved in vitro contractile force generation in response to electrical stimulus. Thus, we established a model for in vitro muscle maturation from PS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Selvaraj
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of MedicineUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Ricardo Mondragon-Gonzalez
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of MedicineUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
- Departamento de Genética y Biología MolecularCentro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN)Ciudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Alessandro Magli
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of MedicineUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
- Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Hyunkee Kim
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of MedicineUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Jeanne Lainé
- Département de PhysiologieSorbonne Universités, Faculté de Médecine site Pitié-SalpêtrièreParisFrance
| | - James Kiley
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of MedicineUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Holly Mckee
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of MedicineUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | | | - Joy Aho
- Stem Cell DepartmentBio-TechneMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Nacira Tabti
- Département de PhysiologieSorbonne Universités, Faculté de Médecine site Pitié-SalpêtrièreParisFrance
| | - Wei Shen
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of MedicineUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
- Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Rita CR Perlingeiro
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of MedicineUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
- Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
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106
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Du Y, Yang F, Lv D, Zhang Q, Yuan X. MiR-147 inhibits cyclic mechanical stretch-induced apoptosis in L6 myoblasts via ameliorating endoplasmic reticulum stress by targeting BRMS1. Cell Stress Chaperones 2019; 24:1151-1161. [PMID: 31628639 PMCID: PMC6882977 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-01037-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional orthopedic treatment is effective for the correction of malformation. Studies demonstrated myoblasts undergo proliferation and apoptosis on certain stretch conditions. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) function in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, and participate in various biological processes, including proliferation and apoptosis. One hypothesis suggested that miRNA was involved into the procedure via suppressing its target genes then triggered endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis. Therefore, miRNAs play important roles in the regulation of the proliferation and apoptosis of myoblasts. In our study, the miR-147 has been explored. A cyclic mechanical stretch model was established to observe the features of rat L6 myoblasts. The detection of mRNA and protein levels was performed by qRT-PCR and western blot. L6 cell proliferation/apoptosis was checked by CCK-8 assay, DNA fragmentation assay, and caspase-3 activity assay. MiRNA transfections were performed as per the manufacturer's suggestions: (1) cyclic mechanical stretch induced apoptosis of L6 myoblasts and inhibition of miR-147; (2) miR-147 attenuated cyclic mechanical stretch-induced apoptosis of L6 myoblasts; (3) miR-147 attenuated cyclic mechanical stretch-induced L6 myoblast endoplasmic reticulum stress; (4) BRMS1 was a direct target of miR-147 in L6 myoblasts; (5) miR-147/BRMS1 axis participated in the regulation of cyclic mechanical stress on L6 myoblasts. MiR-147 attenuates endoplasmic reticulum stress by targeting BRMS1 to inhibit cyclic mechanical stretch-induced apoptosis of L6 myoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiao Du
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, 266042, Shandong, China
| | - Feng Yang
- School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Di Lv
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, 266042, Shandong, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics II, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Orthodontics II, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China.
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107
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Sekiguchi R, Martin D, Yamada KM. Single-Cell RNA-seq Identifies Cell Diversity in Embryonic Salivary Glands. J Dent Res 2019; 99:69-78. [PMID: 31644367 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519883888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Branching organs, including the salivary and mammary glands, lung, and kidney, arise as epithelial buds that are morphologically very similar. However, the mesenchyme is known to guide epithelial morphogenesis and to help govern cell fate and eventual organ specificity. We performed single-cell transcriptome analyses of 14,441 cells from embryonic day 12 submandibular and parotid salivary glands to characterize their molecular identities during bud initiation. The mesenchymal cells were considerably more heterogeneous by clustering analysis than the epithelial cells. Nonetheless, distinct clusters were evident among even the epithelial cells, where unique molecular markers separated presumptive bud and duct cells. Mesenchymal cells formed separate, well-defined clusters specific to each gland. Neuronal and muscle cells of the 2 glands in particular showed different markers and localization patterns. Several gland-specific genes were characteristic of different rhombomeres. A muscle cluster was prominent in the parotid, which was not myoepithelial or vascular smooth muscle. Instead, the muscle cluster expressed genes that mediate skeletal muscle differentiation and function. Striated muscle was indeed found later in development surrounding the parotid gland. Distinct spatial localization patterns of neuronal and muscle cells in embryonic stages appear to foreshadow later differences in adult organ function. These findings demonstrate that the establishment of transcriptional identities emerges early in development, primarily in the mesenchyme of developing salivary glands. We present the first comprehensive description of molecular signatures that define specific cellular landmarks for the bud initiation stage, when the neural crest-derived ectomesenchyme predominates in the salivary mesenchyme that immediately surrounds the budding epithelium. We also provide the first transcriptome data for the largely understudied embryonic parotid gland as compared with the submandibular gland, focusing on the mesenchymal cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sekiguchi
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - D Martin
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | -
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - K M Yamada
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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108
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Sun C, Serra C, Lee G, Wagner KR. Stem cell-based therapies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Exp Neurol 2019; 323:113086. [PMID: 31639376 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies are a group of genetic muscle disorders that cause progressive muscle weakness and degeneration. Within this group, Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common and one of the most severe. DMD is an X chromosome linked disease that occurs to 1 in 3500 to 1 in 5000 boys. The cause of DMD is a mutation in the dystrophin gene, whose encoded protein provides both structural support and cell signaling capabilities. So far, there are very limited therapeutic options available and there is no cure for this disease. In this review, we discuss the existing cell therapy research, especially stem cell-based, which utilize myoblasts, satellite cells, bone marrow cells, mesoangioblasts and CD133+ cells. Finally, we focus on human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) which hold great potential in treating DMD. hPSCs can be used for autologous transplantation after being specified to a myogenic lineage. Over the last few years, there has been a rapid development of isolation, as well as differentiation, techniques in order to achieve effective transplantation results of myogenic cells specified from hPSCs. In this review, we summarize the current methods of hPSCs myogenic commitment/differentiation, and describe the current status of hPSC-derived myogenic cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congshan Sun
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Center for Genetic Muscle Disorders, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Carlo Serra
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Center for Genetic Muscle Disorders, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Gabsang Lee
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kathryn R Wagner
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Center for Genetic Muscle Disorders, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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109
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A customizable microfluidic platform for medium-throughput modeling of neuromuscular circuits. Biomaterials 2019; 225:119537. [PMID: 31614290 PMCID: PMC7294901 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Neuromuscular circuits (NMCs) are vital for voluntary movement, and effective models of NMCs are needed to understand the pathogenesis of, as well as to identify effective treatments for, multiple diseases, including Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Microfluidics are ideal for recapitulating the central and peripheral compartments of NMCs, but myotubes often detach before functional NMCs are formed. In addition, microfluidic systems are often limited to a single experimental unit, which significantly limits their application in disease modeling and drug discovery. Here, we developed a microfluidic platform (MFP) containing over 100 experimental units, making it suitable for medium-throughput applications. To overcome detachment, we incorporated a reactive polymer surface allowing customization of the environment to culture different cell types. Using this approach, we identified conditions that enable long-term co-culture of human motor neurons and myotubes differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells inside our MFP. Optogenetics demonstrated the formation of functional NMCs. Furthermore, we developed a novel application of the rabies tracing assay to efficiently identify NMCs in our MFP. Therefore, our MFP enables large-scale generation and quantification of functional NMCs for disease modeling and pharmacological drug targeting.
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110
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Gene expression profiling of skeletal myogenesis in human embryonic stem cells reveals a potential cascade of transcription factors regulating stages of myogenesis, including quiescent/activated satellite cell-like gene expression. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222946. [PMID: 31560727 PMCID: PMC6764674 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived skeletal muscle progenitors (SMP)—defined as PAX7-expressing cells with myogenic potential—can provide an abundant source of donor material for muscle stem cell therapy. As in vitro myogenesis is decoupled from in vivo timing and 3D-embryo structure, it is important to characterize what stage or type of muscle is modeled in culture. Here, gene expression profiling is analyzed in hESCs over a 50 day skeletal myogenesis protocol and compared to datasets of other hESC-derived skeletal muscle and adult murine satellite cells. Furthermore, day 2 cultures differentiated with high or lower concentrations of CHIR99021, a GSK3A/GSK3B inhibitor, were contrasted. Expression profiling of the 50 day time course identified successively expressed gene subsets involved in mesoderm/paraxial mesoderm induction, somitogenesis, and skeletal muscle commitment/formation which could be regulated by a putative cascade of transcription factors. Initiating differentiation with higher CHIR99021 concentrations significantly increased expression of MSGN1 and TGFB-superfamily genes, notably NODAL, resulting in enhanced paraxial mesoderm and reduced ectoderm/neuronal gene expression. Comparison to adult satellite cells revealed that genes expressed in 50-day cultures correlated better with those expressed by quiescent or early activated satellite cells, which have the greatest therapeutic potential. Day 50 cultures were similar to other hESC-derived skeletal muscle and both expressed known and novel SMP surface proteins. Overall, a putative cascade of transcription factors has been identified which regulates four stages of myogenesis. Subsets of these factors were upregulated by high CHIR99021 or their binding sites were significantly over-represented during SMP activation, ranging from quiescent to late-activated stages. This analysis serves as a resource to further study the progression of in vitro skeletal myogenesis and could be mined to identify novel markers of pluripotent-derived SMPs or regulatory transcription/growth factors. Finally, 50-day hESC-derived SMPs appear similar to quiescent/early activated satellite cells, suggesting they possess therapeutic potential.
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111
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Potential Therapies Using Myogenic Stem Cells Combined with Bio-Engineering Approaches for Treatment of Muscular Dystrophies. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091066. [PMID: 31514443 PMCID: PMC6769835 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies (MDs) are a group of heterogeneous genetic disorders caused by mutations in the genes encoding the structural components of myofibres. The current state-of-the-art treatment is oligonucleotide-based gene therapy that restores disease-related protein. However, this therapeutic approach has limited efficacy and is unlikely to be curative. While the number of studies focused on cell transplantation therapy has increased in the recent years, this approach remains challenging due to multiple issues related to the efficacy of engrafted cells, source of myogenic cells, and systemic injections. Technical innovation has contributed to overcoming cell source challenges, and in recent studies, a combination of muscle resident stem cells and gene editing has shown promise as a novel approach. Furthermore, improvement of the muscular environment both in cultured donor cells and in recipient MD muscles may potentially facilitate cell engraftment. Artificial skeletal muscle generated by myogenic cells and muscle resident cells is an alternate approach that may enable the replacement of damaged tissues. Here, we review the current status of myogenic stem cell transplantation therapy, describe recent advances, and discuss the remaining obstacles that exist in the search for a cure for MD patients.
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112
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113
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Young CS, Pyle AD, Spencer MJ. CRISPR for Neuromuscular Disorders: Gene Editing and Beyond. Physiology (Bethesda) 2019; 34:341-353. [PMID: 31389773 PMCID: PMC6863376 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00012.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a review describing advances in CRISPR/Cas-mediated therapies for neuromuscular disorders (NMDs). We explore both CRISPR-mediated editing and dead Cas approaches as potential therapeutic strategies for multiple NMDs. Last, therapeutic considerations, including delivery and off-target effects, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney S Young
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Center for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - April D Pyle
- Center for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Melissa J Spencer
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Center for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California
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114
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Piga D, Salani S, Magri F, Brusa R, Mauri E, Comi GP, Bresolin N, Corti S. Human induced pluripotent stem cell models for the study and treatment of Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2019; 12:1756286419833478. [PMID: 31105767 PMCID: PMC6501480 DOI: 10.1177/1756286419833478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies are the most common muscle diseases and are both currently incurable. They are caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene, which lead to the absence or reduction/truncation of the encoded protein, with progressive muscle degeneration that clinically manifests in muscle weakness, cardiac and respiratory involvement and early death. The limits of animal models to exactly reproduce human muscle disease and to predict clinically relevant treatment effects has prompted the development of more accurate in vitro skeletal muscle models. However, the challenge of effectively obtaining mature skeletal muscle cells or satellite stem cells as primary cultures has hampered the development of in vitro models. Here, we discuss the recently developed technologies that enable the differentiation of skeletal muscle from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of Duchenne and Becker patients. These systems recapitulate key disease features including inflammation and scarce regenerative myogenic capacity that are partially rescued by genetic and pharmacological therapies and can provide a useful platform to study and realize future therapeutic treatments. Implementation of this model also takes advantage of the developing genome editing field, which is a promising approach not only for correcting dystrophin, but also for modulating the underlying mechanisms of skeletal muscle development, regeneration and disease. These data prove the possibility of creating an accurate Duchenne and Becker in vitro model starting from iPSCs, to be used for pathogenetic studies and for drug screening to identify strategies capable of stopping or reversing muscular dystrophinopathies and other muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Piga
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabrina Salani
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Magri
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Brusa
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Mauri
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo P Comi
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Nereo Bresolin
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Corti
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
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115
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Blau
- From the Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (H.M.B.); and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (G.Q.D.)
| | - George Q Daley
- From the Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (H.M.B.); and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (G.Q.D.)
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116
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Toepfer CN, Sharma A, Cicconet M, Garfinkel AC, Mücke M, Neyazi M, Willcox JA, Agarwal R, Schmid M, Rao J, Ewoldt J, Pourquié O, Chopra A, Chen CS, Seidman JG, Seidman CE. SarcTrack. Circ Res 2019; 124:1172-1183. [PMID: 30700234 PMCID: PMC6485312 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.314505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) in combination with CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing provide unparalleled opportunities to study cardiac biology and disease. However, sarcomeres, the fundamental units of myocyte contraction, are immature and nonlinear in hiPSC-CMs, which technically challenge accurate functional interrogation of contractile parameters in beating cells. Furthermore, existing analysis methods are relatively low-throughput, indirectly assess contractility, or only assess well-aligned sarcomeres found in mature cardiac tissues. OBJECTIVE We aimed to develop an analysis platform that directly, rapidly, and automatically tracks sarcomeres in beating cardiomyocytes. The platform should assess sarcomere content, contraction and relaxation parameters, and beat rate. METHODS AND RESULTS We developed SarcTrack, a MatLab software that monitors fluorescently tagged sarcomeres in hiPSC-CMs. The algorithm determines sarcomere content, sarcomere length, and returns rates of sarcomere contraction and relaxation. By rapid measurement of hundreds of sarcomeres in each hiPSC-CM, SarcTrack provides large data sets for robust statistical analyses of multiple contractile parameters. We validated SarcTrack by analyzing drug-treated hiPSC-CMs, confirming the contractility effects of compounds that directly activate (CK-1827452) or inhibit (MYK-461) myosin molecules or indirectly alter contractility (verapamil and propranolol). SarcTrack analysis of hiPSC-CMs carrying a heterozygous truncation variant in the myosin-binding protein C ( MYBPC3) gene, which causes hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, recapitulated seminal disease phenotypes including cardiac hypercontractility and diminished relaxation, abnormalities that normalized with MYK-461 treatment. CONCLUSIONS SarcTrack provides a direct and efficient method to quantitatively assess sarcomere function. By improving existing contractility analysis methods and overcoming technical challenges associated with functional evaluation of hiPSC-CMs, SarcTrack enhances translational prospects for sarcomere-regulating therapeutics and accelerates interrogation of human cardiac genetic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher N. Toepfer
- From the Department of Genetics (C.N.T., A.S., A.C.G., M.N., J.A.L.W., R.A., M.S., J.R., O.P., J.G.S., C.E.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (C.N.T.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics (C.N.T.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Arun Sharma
- From the Department of Genetics (C.N.T., A.S., A.C.G., M.N., J.A.L.W., R.A., M.S., J.R., O.P., J.G.S., C.E.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Marcelo Cicconet
- Image and Data Analysis Core (M.C.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Amanda C. Garfinkel
- From the Department of Genetics (C.N.T., A.S., A.C.G., M.N., J.A.L.W., R.A., M.S., J.R., O.P., J.G.S., C.E.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Michael Mücke
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (M.M.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany (M.M.)
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.M.)
| | - Meraj Neyazi
- From the Department of Genetics (C.N.T., A.S., A.C.G., M.N., J.A.L.W., R.A., M.S., J.R., O.P., J.G.S., C.E.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Hannover Medical School, Germany (M.N.)
| | - Jon A.L. Willcox
- From the Department of Genetics (C.N.T., A.S., A.C.G., M.N., J.A.L.W., R.A., M.S., J.R., O.P., J.G.S., C.E.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Radhika Agarwal
- From the Department of Genetics (C.N.T., A.S., A.C.G., M.N., J.A.L.W., R.A., M.S., J.R., O.P., J.G.S., C.E.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Manuel Schmid
- From the Department of Genetics (C.N.T., A.S., A.C.G., M.N., J.A.L.W., R.A., M.S., J.R., O.P., J.G.S., C.E.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Germany (M.S.)
| | - Jyoti Rao
- From the Department of Genetics (C.N.T., A.S., A.C.G., M.N., J.A.L.W., R.A., M.S., J.R., O.P., J.G.S., C.E.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Pathology (J.R., O.P.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA (J.R., O.P.)
| | - Jourdan Ewoldt
- Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, MA (J.E., A.C., C.S.C.)
- The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA (J.E., A.C., C.S.C.)
| | - Olivier Pourquié
- From the Department of Genetics (C.N.T., A.S., A.C.G., M.N., J.A.L.W., R.A., M.S., J.R., O.P., J.G.S., C.E.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Pathology (J.R., O.P.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA (J.R., O.P.)
| | - Anant Chopra
- Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, MA (J.E., A.C., C.S.C.)
- The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA (J.E., A.C., C.S.C.)
| | - Christopher S. Chen
- Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, MA (J.E., A.C., C.S.C.)
- The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA (J.E., A.C., C.S.C.)
| | - Jonathan G. Seidman
- From the Department of Genetics (C.N.T., A.S., A.C.G., M.N., J.A.L.W., R.A., M.S., J.R., O.P., J.G.S., C.E.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Christine E. Seidman
- From the Department of Genetics (C.N.T., A.S., A.C.G., M.N., J.A.L.W., R.A., M.S., J.R., O.P., J.G.S., C.E.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (C.E.S.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (C.E.S.)
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117
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Chua MWJ, Yildirim ED, Tan JHE, Chua YJB, Low SMC, Ding SLS, Li CW, Jiang Z, Teh BT, Yu K, Shyh-Chang N. Assessment of different strategies for scalable production and proliferation of human myoblasts. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12602. [PMID: 30891802 PMCID: PMC6536385 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Myoblast transfer therapy (MTT) is a technique to replace muscle satellite cells with genetically repaired or healthy myoblasts, to treat muscular dystrophies. However, clinical trials with human myoblasts were ineffective, showing almost no benefit with MTT. One important obstacle is the rapid senescence of human myoblasts. The main purpose of our study was to compare the various methods for scalable generation of proliferative human myoblasts. METHODS We compared the immortalization of primary myoblasts with hTERT, cyclin D1 and CDK4R24C , two chemically defined methods for deriving myoblasts from pluripotent human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), and introduction of viral MyoD into hESC-myoblasts. RESULTS Our results show that, while all the strategies above are suboptimal at generating bona fide human myoblasts that can both proliferate and differentiate robustly, chemically defined hESC-monolayer-myoblasts show the most promise in differentiation potential. CONCLUSIONS Further efforts to optimize the chemically defined differentiation of hESC-monolayer-myoblasts would be the most promising strategy for the scalable generation of human myoblasts, for applications in MTT and high-throughput drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Wen Jason Chua
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore.,Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore City, Singapore.,Laboratory of Cancer Therapeutics, Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore City, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore City, Singapore.,Division of Medical Science, Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Ege Deniz Yildirim
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Jun-Hao Elwin Tan
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore.,Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore City, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore City, Singapore.,Division of Medical Science, Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Yan-Jiang Benjamin Chua
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore.,Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore City, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore City, Singapore.,Division of Medical Science, Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Suet-Mei Crystal Low
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Suet Lee Shirley Ding
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Chun-Wei Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zongmin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Tean Teh
- Laboratory of Cancer Therapeutics, Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore City, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore City, Singapore.,Division of Medical Science, Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Kang Yu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ng Shyh-Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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118
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Pluripotent stem cell-derived myogenic progenitors remodel their molecular signature upon in vivo engraftment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:4346-4351. [PMID: 30760602 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1808303116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimal cell-based therapies for the treatment of muscle degenerative disorders should not only regenerate fibers but provide a quiescent satellite cell pool ensuring long-term maintenance and regeneration. Conditional expression of Pax3/Pax7 in differentiating pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) allows the generation of myogenic progenitors endowed with enhanced regenerative capacity. To identify the molecular determinants underlying their regenerative potential, we performed transcriptome analyses of these cells along with primary myogenic cells from several developmental stages. Here we show that in vitro-generated PSC-derived myogenic progenitors possess a molecular signature similar to embryonic/fetal myoblasts. However, compared with fetal myoblasts, following transplantation they show superior myofiber engraftment and ability to seed the satellite cell niche, respond to multiple reinjuries, and contribute to long-term regeneration. Upon engraftment, the transcriptome of reisolated Pax3/Pax7-induced PSC-derived myogenic progenitors changes toward a postnatal molecular signature, particularly in genes involved in extracellular matrix remodeling. These findings demonstrate that Pax3/Pax7-induced myogenic progenitors remodel their molecular signature and functionally mature upon in vivo exposure to the adult muscle environment.
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119
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Ortiz-Vitali JL, Darabi R. iPSCs as a Platform for Disease Modeling, Drug Screening, and Personalized Therapy in Muscular Dystrophies. Cells 2019; 8:cells8010020. [PMID: 30609814 PMCID: PMC6356384 DOI: 10.3390/cells8010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are the foundation of modern stem cell-based regenerative medicine, especially in the case of degenerative disorders, such as muscular dystrophies (MDs). Since their introduction in 2006, many studies have used iPSCs for disease modeling and identification of involved mechanisms, drug screening, as well as gene correction studies. In the case of muscular dystrophies, these studies commenced in 2008 and continue to address important issues, such as defining the main pathologic mechanisms in different types of MDs, drug screening to improve skeletal/cardiac muscle cell survival and to slow down disease progression, and evaluation of the efficiency of different gene correction approaches, such as exon skipping, Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) and RNA-guided endonuclease Cas9 (CRISPR/Cas9). In the current short review, we have summarized chronological progress of these studies and their key findings along with a perspective on the future road to successful iPSC-based cell therapy for MDs and the potential hurdles in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Ortiz-Vitali
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (CSCRM), The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Radbod Darabi
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (CSCRM), The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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120
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Ferguson GB, Van Handel B, Bay M, Fiziev P, Org T, Lee S, Shkhyan R, Banks NW, Scheinberg M, Wu L, Saitta B, Elphingstone J, Larson AN, Riester SM, Pyle AD, Bernthal NM, Mikkola HK, Ernst J, van Wijnen AJ, Bonaguidi M, Evseenko D. Mapping molecular landmarks of human skeletal ontogeny and pluripotent stem cell-derived articular chondrocytes. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3634. [PMID: 30194383 PMCID: PMC6128860 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05573-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-specific gene expression defines cellular identity and function, but knowledge of early human development is limited, hampering application of cell-based therapies. Here we profiled 5 distinct cell types at a single fetal stage, as well as chondrocytes at 4 stages in vivo and 2 stages during in vitro differentiation. Network analysis delineated five tissue-specific gene modules; these modules and chromatin state analysis defined broad similarities in gene expression during cartilage specification and maturation in vitro and in vivo, including early expression and progressive silencing of muscle- and bone-specific genes. Finally, ontogenetic analysis of freshly isolated and pluripotent stem cell-derived articular chondrocytes identified that integrin alpha 4 defines 2 subsets of functionally and molecularly distinct chondrocytes characterized by their gene expression, osteochondral potential in vitro and proliferative signature in vivo. These analyses provide new insight into human musculoskeletal development and provide an essential comparative resource for disease modeling and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel B Ferguson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Ben Van Handel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Maxwell Bay
- Department of Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Petko Fiziev
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Tonis Org
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - Siyoung Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Ruzanna Shkhyan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Nicholas W Banks
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Mila Scheinberg
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Ling Wu
- InVitro Cell Research, LLC, Cockeysville, MD, 21030, USA
| | - Biagio Saitta
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Joseph Elphingstone
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - A Noelle Larson
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery & Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Scott M Riester
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery & Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - April D Pyle
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Nicholas M Bernthal
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Hanna Ka Mikkola
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jason Ernst
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Computer Science Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery & Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Michael Bonaguidi
- Department of Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Denis Evseenko
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA. .,Department of Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA. .,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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121
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Huynh NPT, Zhang B, Guilak F. High-depth transcriptomic profiling reveals the temporal gene signature of human mesenchymal stem cells during chondrogenesis. FASEB J 2018; 33:358-372. [PMID: 29985644 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800534r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) provide an attractive cell source for cartilage repair and cell therapy; however, the underlying molecular pathways that drive chondrogenesis of these populations of adult stem cells remain poorly understood. We generated a rich data set of high-throughput RNA sequencing of human MSCs throughout chondrogenesis at 6 different time points. Our data consisted of 18 libraries with 3 individual donors as biologic replicates, with each library possessing a sequencing depth of 100 million reads. Computational analyses with differential gene expression, gene ontology, and weighted gene correlation network analysis identified dynamic changes in multiple biologic pathways and, most importantly, a chondrogenic gene subset, whose functional characterization promises to further harness the potential of MSCs for cartilage tissue engineering. Furthermore, we created a graphic user interface encyclopedia built with the goal of producing an open resource of transcriptomic regulation for additional data mining and pathway analysis of the process of MSC chondrogenesis.-Huynh, N. P. T., Zhang, B., Guilak, F. High-depth transcriptomic profiling reveals the temporal gene signature of human mesenchymal stem cells during chondrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen P T Huynh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; and.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; and
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; and
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André LM, Ausems CRM, Wansink DG, Wieringa B. Abnormalities in Skeletal Muscle Myogenesis, Growth, and Regeneration in Myotonic Dystrophy. Front Neurol 2018; 9:368. [PMID: 29892259 PMCID: PMC5985300 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and 2 (DM2) are autosomal dominant degenerative neuromuscular disorders characterized by progressive skeletal muscle weakness, atrophy, and myotonia with progeroid features. Although both DM1 and DM2 are characterized by skeletal muscle dysfunction and also share other clinical features, the diseases differ in the muscle groups that are affected. In DM1, distal muscles are mainly affected, whereas in DM2 problems are mostly found in proximal muscles. In addition, manifestation in DM1 is generally more severe, with possible congenital or childhood-onset of disease and prominent CNS involvement. DM1 and DM2 are caused by expansion of (CTG•CAG)n and (CCTG•CAGG)n repeats in the 3' non-coding region of DMPK and in intron 1 of CNBP, respectively, and in overlapping antisense genes. This critical review will focus on the pleiotropic problems that occur during development, growth, regeneration, and aging of skeletal muscle in patients who inherited these expansions. The current best-accepted idea is that most muscle symptoms can be explained by pathomechanistic effects of repeat expansion on RNA-mediated pathways. However, aberrations in DNA replication and transcription of the DM loci or in protein translation and proteome homeostasis could also affect the control of proliferation and differentiation of muscle progenitor cells or the maintenance and physiological integrity of muscle fibers during a patient's lifetime. Here, we will discuss these molecular and cellular processes and summarize current knowledge about the role of embryonic and adult muscle-resident stem cells in growth, homeostasis, regeneration, and premature aging of healthy and diseased muscle tissue. Of particular interest is that also progenitor cells from extramuscular sources, such as pericytes and mesoangioblasts, can participate in myogenic differentiation. We will examine the potential of all these types of cells in the application of regenerative medicine for muscular dystrophies and evaluate new possibilities for their use in future therapy of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurène M André
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - C Rosanne M Ausems
- Department of Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Derick G Wansink
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Bé Wieringa
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Sakai-Takemura F, Narita A, Masuda S, Wakamatsu T, Watanabe N, Nishiyama T, Nogami K, Blanc M, Takeda S, Miyagoe-Suzuki Y. Premyogenic progenitors derived from human pluripotent stem cells expand in floating culture and differentiate into transplantable myogenic progenitors. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6555. [PMID: 29700358 PMCID: PMC5920060 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24959-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are a potential source for cell therapy of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. To reliably obtain skeletal muscle progenitors from hiPSCs, we treated hiPS cells with a Wnt activator, CHIR-99021 and a BMP receptor inhibitor, LDN-193189, and then induced skeletal muscle cells using a previously reported sphere-based culture. This protocol greatly improved sphere formation efficiency and stably induced the differentiation of myogenic cells from hiPS cells generated from both healthy donors and a patient with congenital myasthenic syndrome. hiPSC-derived myogenic progenitors were enriched in the CD57(−) CD108(−) CD271(+) ERBB3(+) cell fraction, and their differentiation was greatly promoted by TGF-β inhibitors. TGF-β inhibitors down-regulated the NFIX transcription factor, and NFIX short hairpin RNA (shRNA) improved the differentiation of iPS cell-derived myogenic progenitors. These results suggest that NFIX inhibited differentiation of myogenic progenitors. hiPSC-derived myogenic cells differentiated into myofibers in muscles of NSG-mdx4Cv mice after direct transplantation. Our results indicate that our new muscle induction protocol is useful for cell therapy of muscular dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fusako Sakai-Takemura
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Asako Narita
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Satoru Masuda
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Wakamatsu
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Nobuharu Watanabe
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishiyama
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Ken'ichiro Nogami
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Matthias Blanc
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Shin'ichi Takeda
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Yuko Miyagoe-Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.
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Abstract
The skeletal muscle lineage derives from the embryonic paraxial mesoderm (PM) which also gives rise to the axial skeleton, the dermis of the back, brown fat, meninges, and endothelial cells. Direct conversion was pioneered in skeletal muscle with overexpression of the transcription factor MyoD which can convert fibroblasts to a muscle fate. In contrast, directed differentiation of skeletal muscle from pluripotent cells (PC) in vitro has proven to be very difficult compared to other lineages and has only been achieved recently. Experimental strategies recapitulating myogenesis in vitro from mouse and human PC (ES/iPS) have now been reported and all rely on early activation of Wnt signaling at the epiblast stage. This leads to induction of neuromesodermal progenitors that can subsequently be induced to a PM fate and to skeletal muscle. These protocols can efficiently produce fetal muscle fibers and immature satellite cells. These new in vitro systems now open the possibility to better understand human myogenesis and to develop in vitro disease models as well as cell therapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Pourquié
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Ziad Al Tanoury
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jérome Chal
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, United States
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125
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Current Progress and Challenges for Skeletal Muscle Differentiation from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Transgene-Free Approaches. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:6241681. [PMID: 29760730 PMCID: PMC5924987 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6241681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular diseases are caused by functional defects of skeletal muscles, directly via muscle pathology or indirectly via disruption of the nervous system. Extensive studies have been performed to improve the outcomes of therapies; however, effective treatment strategies have not been fully established for any major neuromuscular disease. Human pluripotent stem cells have a great capacity to differentiate into myogenic progenitors and skeletal myocytes for use in treating and modeling neuromuscular diseases. Recent advances have allowed the creation of patient-derived stem cells, which can be used as a unique platform for comprehensive study of disease mechanisms, in vitro drug screening, and potential new cell-based therapies. In the last decade, a number of methods have been developed to derive skeletal muscle cells from human pluripotent stem cells. By controlling the process of myogenesis using transcription factors and signaling molecules, human pluripotent stem cells can be directed to differentiate into cell types observed during muscle development. In this review, we highlight signaling pathways relevant to the formation of muscle tissue during embryonic development. We then summarize current methods to differentiate human pluripotent stem cells toward the myogenic lineage, specifically focusing on transgene-free approaches. Lastly, we discuss existing challenges for deriving skeletal myocytes and myogenic progenitors from human pluripotent stem cells.
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