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Kim S, Kim BH, Han K, Kong M, Song SJ. Association Between Three Atopic Triad and Retinal Vein Occlusion Risk: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2024; 31:301-310. [PMID: 37899646 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2023.2276193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the association between three allergic diseases (allergic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma) and the development of retinal vein occlusion (RVO), a major retinal disease that causes visual impairment. METHOD This study used data obtained from the Korean National Health Insurance Claims database between 2009 and 2018. The association between the three atopic triads (allergic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma) and the occurrence of sight-threatening RVO, as determined by diagnostic and treatment codes, were analyzed. Multivariate adjusted Cox regression analysis was used to determine the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals for RVO development in the presence of allergic disease. RESULTS In this population-based study, 2,160,195 (54.6%) individuals were male, 1,794,968 (45.4%) were female, and 620,938 (15.7%) were diagnosed with allergic diseases. Patients with either asthma or allergic rhinitis had a greater risk of RVO (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.101, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.029-1.178 for asthma; aHR = 1.181, 95% CI = 1.147-1.215 for allergic rhinitis) compared to those without asthma or allergic rhinitis; however, patients with atopic dermatitis did not show a significant association with RVO (aHR = 1.071, 95% CI = 0.889-1.290), after adjusting for other risk factors. CONCLUSION Our study revealed that allergic rhinitis, asthma, and coexisting multiple allergic conditions were associated with an increased risk of RVO. Thus, it may be advisable to suggest an ophthalmological examination for patients with allergies due to the increased possibility of the occurrence of retinal vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongho Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Hee Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingui Kong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jeong Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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102
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Bywaters BC, Trache A, Rivera GM. Modulation of arterial intima stiffness by disturbed blood flow. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2024; 249:10090. [PMID: 39143955 PMCID: PMC11323813 DOI: 10.3389/ebm.2024.10090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The intima, comprising the endothelium and the subendothelial matrix, plays a crucial role in atherosclerosis pathogenesis. The mechanical stress arising from disturbed blood flow (d-flow) and the stiffening of the arterial wall contributes to endothelial dysfunction. However, the specific impacts of these physical forces on the mechanical environment of the intima remain undetermined. Here, we investigated whether inhibiting collagen crosslinking could ameliorate the detrimental effects of persistent d-flow on the mechanical properties of the intima. Partial ligation of the left carotid artery (LCA) was performed in C57BL/6J mice, inducing d-flow. The right carotid artery (RCA) served as an internal control. Carotids were collected 2 days and 2 weeks after surgery to study acute and chronic effects of d-flow on the mechanical phenotype of the intima. The chronic effects of d-flow were decoupled from the ensuing arterial wall stiffening by administration of β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN), an inhibitor of collagen crosslinking by lysyl oxidase (LOX) enzymes. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to determine stiffness of the endothelium and the denuded subendothelial matrix in en face carotid preparations. The stiffness of human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) cultured on soft and stiff hydrogels was also determined. Acute exposure to d-flow caused a slight decrease in endothelial stiffness in male mice but had no effect on the stiffness of the subendothelial matrix in either sex. Regardless of sex, the intact endothelium was softer than the subendothelial matrix. In contrast, exposure to chronic d-flow led to a substantial increase in the endothelial and subendothelial stiffness in both sexes. The effects of chronic d-flow were largely prevented by concurrent BAPN administration. In addition, HAEC displayed reduced stiffness when cultured on soft vs. stiff hydrogels. We conclude that chronic d-flow results in marked stiffening of the arterial intima, which can be effectively prevented by inhibition of collagen crosslinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana C. Bywaters
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Andreea Trache
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Gonzalo M. Rivera
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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Ferreira IBB, Gomes AN, Almeida IBC, Fernandes MD, Coutinho LF, Lago R, Menezes CA, Vianna NA, Oliveira RR, Fukutani ER, Menezes RC, Ladeia AM, Andrade BB. Childhood obesity is associated with a high degree of metabolic disturbance in children from Brazilian semi-arid region. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17569. [PMID: 39080451 PMCID: PMC11289272 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68661-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Projected to impact 310 million children by the next decade, childhood obesity is linked to serious health issues like metabolic disturbance and cardiovascular diseases. This study introduces a novel approach for the integrated assessment of inflammatory, glycemic and lipid disorders in obese children in resources-limited settings and also identifies key factors contributing to these changes. Conducting a cross-sectional analysis of 231 children aged 5-12 years from public schools in Brazil's semi-arid region, the research involved collecting medical history, anthropometric measurements, and blood samples to analyze glycemic and lipid profiles, along with C-reactive protein levels. We used an adapted the Molecular Degree of Perturbation model to analyze deviations in metabolic markers from a healthy control group. Statistical analyses included Mann-Whitney and Fisher exact tests, backward logistic regression, and hierarchical cluster analysis. The study identified a direct and independent association between elevated Metabolic Disturbance Degree and both overweight and obesity in children, with significant differences in CRP, Triglycerides, and HDL levels noted between obese and healthy-weight groups. The findings highlight the critical need for early detection and comprehensive understanding of obesity-related changes to mitigate the severe health risks associated with childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella B B Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Saúde Humana, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Alexvon N Gomes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Saúde Humana, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Isadora B C Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Saúde Humana, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Mariana D Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Saúde Humana, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Lago
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Saúde Humana, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Camilla A Menezes
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz (IGM), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Nelzair A Vianna
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz (IGM), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Ricardo R Oliveira
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz (IGM), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R Fukutani
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz (IGM), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo C Menezes
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica e Translacional, Faculdade Zarns, Clariens Educação, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ana Marice Ladeia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Saúde Humana, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Bruno B Andrade
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica e Translacional, Faculdade Zarns, Clariens Educação, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz (IGM), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil.
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104
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Palfrey HA, Kumar A, Pathak R, Stone KP, Gettys TW, Murthy SN. Adverse cardiac events of hypercholesterolemia are enhanced by sitagliptin in sprague dawley rats. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2024; 21:54. [PMID: 39080769 PMCID: PMC11290187 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-024-00817-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) affects millions worldwide and is the leading cause of death among non-communicable diseases. Western diets typically comprise of meat and dairy products, both of which are rich in cholesterol (Cho) and methionine (Met), two well-known compounds with atherogenic capabilities. Despite their individual effects, literature on a dietary combination of the two in the context of CVD are limited. Therefore, studies on the combined effects of Cho and Met were carried out using male Sprague Dawley rats. An additional interest was to investigate the cardioprotective potential of sitagliptin, an anti-type 2 diabetic drug. We hypothesized that feeding a dietary combination of Cho and Met would result in adverse cardiac effects and would be attenuated upon administration of sitagliptin. METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a control (Con), high Met (1.5%), high Cho (2.0%), or high Met (1.5%) + high Cho (2.0%) diet for 35 days. They were orally gavaged with an aqueous preparation of sitagliptin (100 mg/kg/d) or vehicle (water) from day 10 through 35. On day 36, rats were euthanized, and tissues were collected for analysis. RESULTS Histopathological evaluation revealed a reduction in myocardial striations and increased collagen deposition in hypercholesterolemia (HChol), responses that became exacerbated upon sitagliptin administration. Cardiac pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic responses were adversely impacted in similar fashion. The addition of Met to Cho (MC) attenuated all adverse structural and biochemical responses, with or without sitagliptin. CONCLUSIONS Adverse cardiac outcomes in HChol were enhanced by the administration of sitagliptin, and such effects were alleviated by Met. Our findings could be significant for understanding or revisiting the risk-benefit evaluation of sitagliptin in type 2 diabetics, and especially those who are known to consume atherogenic diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry A Palfrey
- Environmental Toxicology Department, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Environmental Toxicology Department, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA
| | - Rashmi Pathak
- Environmental Toxicology Department, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA
| | - Kirsten P Stone
- Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Thomas W Gettys
- Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Subramanyam N Murthy
- Environmental Toxicology Department, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA.
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105
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Ebstein E, Ottaviani S. Managing Gout in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome. Drugs Aging 2024:10.1007/s40266-024-01132-x. [PMID: 39060816 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-024-01132-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Gout is characterized by monosodium urate (MSU) crystal deposition secondary to hyperuricemia. Gout is associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its related comorbid conditions such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). Major advances have been made in the comprehension of the link between MetS and gout. Despite observational studies suggesting an association between MetS-related conditions and hyperuricemia, there is no proof of causality. Most studies using Mendelian randomization did not find hyperuricemia as a causal factor for MetS-related conditions. In contrast, these conditions were found associated with hyperuricemia, which suggests a reverse causality. Among patients with gout, this high CVD risk profile implies the need for systematic screening for MetS-related conditions. Most international guidelines recommend systematic screening for and care of CVD and related risk factors in patients with gout. Some anti-hypertensive agents, such as losartan and calcium channel blockers, are able to decrease serum urate (SU) levels. However, there are potential interactions between gout management therapies and the treatment of metabolic diseases. Some data suggest that anti-inflammatory drugs used for gout flare treatment, such as colchicine or canakinumab, might have benefits for CVD. Regarding the impact of urate-lowering therapies on CVD risk, recent studies found a similar CVD safety profile for allopurinol and febuxostat. Finally, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors are promising for gout because of their ability to decrease SU levels and risk of recurrent flares. In this review, we focus on the clinical challenge of managing MetS in patients with gout, particularly older patients with co-medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Ebstein
- Rheumatology Department, Université Paris Cité, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, 46 rue Henri Huchard, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Ottaviani
- Rheumatology Department, Université Paris Cité, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, 46 rue Henri Huchard, 75018, Paris, France.
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106
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Libby P, Smith R, Rubin EJ, Glassberg MK, Farkouh ME, Rosenson RS. Inflammation unites diverse acute and chronic diseases. Eur J Clin Invest 2024:e14280. [PMID: 39046830 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation and immunity contribute pivotally to diverse acute and chronic diseases. Inflammatory pathways have become increasingly targets for therapy. Yet, despite substantial similarity in mechanisms and pathways, the scientific, medical, pharma and biotechnology sectors have generally focused programs finely on a single disease entity or organ system. This insularity may impede progress in innovation and the harnessing of powerful new insights into inflammation biology ripe for clinical translation. METHODS A multidisciplinary thinktank reviewed highlights how inflammation contributes to diverse diseases, disturbed homeostasis, ageing and impaired healthspan. We explored how common inflammatory and immune mechanisms that operate in key conditions in their respective domains. This consensus review highlights the high degree of commonality of inflammatory mechanisms in a diverse array of conditions that together contribute a major part of the global burden of morbidity and mortality and present an enormous challenge to public health and drain on resources. RESULTS We demonstrate how that shared inflammatory mechanisms unite many seemingly disparate diseases, both acute and chronic. The examples of infection, cardiovascular conditions, pulmonary diseases, rheumatological disorders, dementia, cancer and ageing illustrate the overlapping pathogenesis. We outline opportunities to synergize, reduce duplication and consolidate efforts of the clinical, research and pharmaceutical communities. Enhanced recognition of these commonalties should promote cross-fertilization and hasten progress in this rapidly moving domain. CONCLUSIONS Greater appreciation of the shared mechanisms should simplify understanding seemingly disparate diseases for clinicians and help them to recognize inflammation as a therapeutic target which the development of novel therapies is rendering actionable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Libby
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Eric J Rubin
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Michael E Farkouh
- Division of Cardiology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Peter Munk Centre of Excellence in Multinational Clinical Trials, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert S Rosenson
- Cardiometabolics Unit, Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, USA
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107
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Liu Y, Li C, Yang X, Yang B, Fu Q. Stimuli-responsive polymer-based nanosystems for cardiovascular disease theranostics. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:3805-3825. [PMID: 38967109 DOI: 10.1039/d4bm00415a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Stimulus-responsive polymers have found widespread use in biomedicine due to their ability to alter their own structure in response to various stimuli, including internal factors such as pH, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and enzymes, as well as external factors like light. In the context of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), stimulus-response polymers have been extensively employed for the preparation of smart nanocarriers that can deliver therapeutic and diagnostic drugs specifically to inflammatory lesions. Compared with traditional drug delivery systems, stimulus-responsive nanosystems offer higher sensitivity, greater versatility, wider applicability, and enhanced biosafety. Recent research has made significant contributions towards designing stimulus-responsive polymer nanosystems for CVDs diagnosis and treatment. This review summarizes recent advances in this field by classifying stimulus-responsive polymer nanocarriers according to different responsiveness types and describing numerous stimuli relevant to these materials. Additionally, we discuss various applications of stimulus-responsive polymer nanomaterials in CVDs theranostics. We hope that this review will provide valuable insights into optimizing the design of stimulus-response polymers for accelerating their clinical application in diagnosing and treating CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Liu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Congcong Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Xiao Yang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Qinrui Fu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
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Woods E, Bennett J, Chandrasekhar S, Newman N, Rizwan A, Siddiqui R, Khan R, Khawaja M, Krittanawong C. Efficacy of Diagnostic Testing of Suspected Coronary Artery Disease: A Contemporary Review. Cardiology 2024:1-22. [PMID: 39013364 DOI: 10.1159/000539916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a highly prevalent condition which can lead to myocardial ischemia as well as acute coronary syndrome. Early diagnosis of CAD can improve patient outcomes through guiding risk factor modification and treatment modalities. SUMMARY Testing for CAD comes with increased cost and risk; therefore, physicians must determine which patients require testing, and what testing modality will offer the most useful data to diagnose patients with CAD. Patients should have an initial risk stratification for pretest probability of CAD based on symptoms and available clinical data. Patients with a pretest probability less than 5% should receive no further testing, while patients with a high pretest probability should be considered for direct invasive coronary angiography. In patients with a pretest probability between 5 and 15%, coronary artery calcium score and or exercise electrocardiogram can be obtained to further risk stratify patients to low-risk versus intermediate-high-risk. Intermediate-high-risk patients should be tested with coronary computed tomography angiography (preferred) versus positron emission tomography or single photon emission computed tomography based on their individual patient characteristics and institutional availability. KEY MESSAGES This comprehensive review aimed to describe the available CAD testing modalities, detail their risks and benefits, and propose when each should be considered in the evaluation of a patient with suspected CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Woods
- Department of Internal Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Josiah Bennett
- Department of Internal Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Noah Newman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Affan Rizwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Rehma Siddiqui
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Rabisa Khan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Muzamil Khawaja
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Chayakrit Krittanawong
- Cardiology Division, NYU Langone Health and NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Raju S, Turner ME, Cao C, Abdul-Samad M, Punwasi N, Blaser MC, Cahalane RM, Botts SR, Prajapati K, Patel S, Wu R, Gustafson D, Galant NJ, Fiddes L, Chemaly M, Hedin U, Matic L, Seidman M, Subasri V, Singh SA, Aikawa E, Fish JE, Howe KL. Multiomics unveils extracellular vesicle-driven mechanisms of endothelial communication in human carotid atherosclerosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.21.599781. [PMID: 38979218 PMCID: PMC11230219 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.21.599781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Background: Carotid atherosclerosis is orchestrated by cell-cell communication that drives progression along a clinical continuum (asymptomatic to symptomatic). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived nanoparticles representing a new paradigm in cellular communication. Little is known about their biological cargo, cellular origin/destination, and functional roles in human atherosclerotic plaque. Methods: EVs were enriched via size exclusion chromatography from human carotid endarterectomy samples dissected into paired plaque and marginal zones (symptomatic n=16, asymptomatic n=13). EV cargos were assessed via whole transcriptome miRNA sequencing and mass spectrometry-based proteomics. EV multi-omics were integrated with bulk and single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets to predict EV cellular origin and ligand-receptor interactions, and multi-modal biological network integration of EV-cargo was completed. EV functional impact was assessed with endothelial angiogenesis assays. Results: Carotid plaques contained more EVs than adjacent marginal zones, with differential enrichment for EV-miRNAs and EV-proteins in key atherogenic pathways. EV cellular origin analysis suggested that tissue EV signatures originated from endothelial cells (EC), smooth muscle cells (SMC), and immune cells. Integrated tissue vesiculomics and scRNA-seq indicated complex EV-vascular cell communication that changed with disease progression and plaque vulnerability (i.e., symptomatic disease). Plaques from symptomatic patients, but not asymptomatic patients, were characterized by increased involvement of endothelial pathways and more complex ligand-receptor interactions, relative to their marginal zones. Plaque-EVs were predicted to mediate communication with ECs. Pathway enrichment analysis delineated an endothelial signature with roles in angiogenesis and neovascularization - well-known indices of plaque instability. This was validated functionally, wherein human carotid symptomatic plaque EVs induced sprouting angiogenesis in comparison to their matched marginal zones. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that EVs may drive dynamic changes in plaques through EV- vascular cell communication and effector functions that typify vulnerability to rupture, precipitating symptomatic disease. The discovery of endothelial-directed angiogenic processes mediated by EVs creates new therapeutic avenues for atherosclerosis.
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Fan Q, Tan Z, Su W, Li Q, Jin D, Du Y, Zhang L, Wu S. Efficacy, safety and mechanism of Simiaoyongan decoction in the treatment of carotid atherosclerotic plaque: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial protocol. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:277. [PMID: 39039498 PMCID: PMC11265120 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04555-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic inflammation is the major pathological feature of Atherosclerosis(As). Inflammation may accelerate plaque to develop, which is a key factor resulting in the thinning of the fibrous cap and the vulnerable rupture of plaque. Presently, clinical treatments are still lacking. It is necessary to find a safe and effective treatment for As inflammation. Simiaoyongan Decoction (SMYA) has potential anti-inflammatory and plaque protection effects. This protocol aims to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and mechanism of SMYA for patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaque. METHODS/DESIGN The assessment of SMYA clinical trial is designed as a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The sample size is 86 cases in total, with 43 participants in the intervention group and the control group respectively. The intervention group takes SMYA, while the control group takes SMYA placebo. The medication lasts for 14 days every 10 weeks, with a total of 50 weeks. We will use carotid artery high resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI) to measure plaque. The plaque minimum fiber cap thickness (PMFCT) is adopted as the primary outcome. The secondary outcomes include plaque fiber cap volume, volume percentage of fiber cap, lipid-rich necrotic core (LRNC) volume, volume percentage of LRNC, internal bleeding volume of plaque, internal bleeding volume percentage of plaque, plaque calcification volume, volume percentage of plaque calcification, lumen stenosis rate, average and a maximum of vessel wall thickness, vessel wall volume, total vessel wall load, carotid atherosclerosis score, hs-CRP, IL-1β and IL-6, the level of lipid profiles and blood glucose, blood pressure, and body weight. DISCUSSION We anticipate that patients with As plaque will be improved from SMYA by inhibiting inflammation to enhance plaque stability. This study analyzes plaque by using HR-MRI to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of SMYA. Moreover, we conduct transcriptome analysis, proteomic analysis, and metagenomic analysis of blood and stool of participants to study the mechanism of SMYA against As plaque. This is the first prospective TCM trial to observe and treat As plaque by inhibiting inflammatory reaction directly. If successful, the finding will be valuable in the treatment of As plaque and drug development, especially in the "statin era". TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER This trial is registered on Chinese Clinical Trials.gov with number ChiCTR2000039062 on October 15, 2020 ( http://www.chictr.org.cn ).
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Affiliation(s)
- QinHua Fan
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - ZhongJian Tan
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - WenQuan Su
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - QingXiao Li
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dian Jin
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - YaWei Du
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - LiPing Zhang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - ShengXian Wu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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Liao FJ, Shen SL, Bao HL, Li H, Zhao QW, Chen L, Gong CW, Xiong CZ, Liu WP, Li W, Liu DN. Identification and experimental validation of KMO as a critical immune-associated mitochondrial gene in unstable atherosclerotic plaque. J Transl Med 2024; 22:668. [PMID: 39026250 PMCID: PMC11256392 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05464-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heightened risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events is associated with the increased instability of atherosclerotic plaques. However, the lack of effective diagnostic biomarkers has impeded the assessment of plaque instability currently. This study was aimed to investigate and identify hub genes associated with unstable plaques through the integration of various bioinformatics tools, providing novel insights into the detection and treatment of this condition. METHODS Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) combined with two machine learning methods were used to identify hub genes strongly associated with plaque instability. The cell-type identification by estimating relative subsets of RNA transcripts (CIBERSORT) method was utilized to assess immune cell infiltration patterns in atherosclerosis patients. Additionally, Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) was conducted to investigate the potential biological functions, pathways, and mechanisms of hub genes associated with unstable plaques. To further validate the diagnostic efficiency and expression of the hub genes, immunohistochemistry (IHC), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed on collected human carotid plaque and blood samples. Immunofluorescence co-staining was also utilized to confirm the association between hub genes and immune cells, as well as their colocalization with mitochondria. RESULTS The CIBERSORT analysis demonstrated a significant decrease in the infiltration of CD8 T cells and an obvious increase in the infiltration of M0 macrophages in patients with atherosclerosis. Subsequently, two highly relevant modules (blue and green) strongly associated with atherosclerotic plaque instability were identified. Through intersection with mitochondria-related genes, 50 crucial genes were identified. Further analysis employing least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression and support vector machine recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) algorithms revealed six hub genes significantly associated with plaque instability. Among them, NT5DC3, ACADL, SLC25A4, ALDH1B1, and MAOB exhibited positive correlations with CD8 T cells and negative correlations with M0 macrophages, while kynurenine 3-monooxygenas (KMO) demonstrated a positive correlation with M0 macrophages and a negative correlation with CD8 T cells. IHC and RT-qPCR analyses of human carotid plaque samples, as well as ELISA analyses of blood samples, revealed significant upregulation of KMO and MAOB expression, along with decreased ALDH1B1 expression, in both stable and unstable samples compared to the control samples. However, among the three key genes mentioned above, only KMO showed a significant increase in expression in unstable plaque samples compared to stable plaque samples. Furthermore, the expression patterns of KMO in human carotid unstable plaque tissues and cultured mouse macrophage cell lines were assessed using immunofluorescence co-staining techniques. Finally, lentivirus-mediated KMO silencing was successfully transduced into the aortas of high-fat-fed ApoE-/- mice, with results indicating that KMO silencing attenuated plaque formation and promoted plaque stability in ApoE-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that KMO, a mitochondria-targeted gene associated with macrophage cells, holds promise as a valuable diagnostic biomarker for assessing the instability of atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Jun Liao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
- School of Graduate Studies, Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Remodeling Research, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
| | - Shao-Liang Shen
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
- School of Graduate Studies, Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
| | - Hai-Long Bao
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
- School of Graduate Studies, Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Remodeling Research, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
- School of Graduate Studies, Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
| | - Quan-Wei Zhao
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
- School of Graduate Studies, Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
| | - Long Chen
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
- School of Graduate Studies, Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
| | - Cai-Wei Gong
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
- School of Graduate Studies, Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
| | - Cheng-Zhu Xiong
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
- School of Graduate Studies, Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
| | - Wu-Peng Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
- School of Graduate Studies, Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Remodeling Research, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China.
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China.
- School of Graduate Studies, Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Remodeling Research, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China.
| | - Da-Nan Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China.
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China.
- School of Graduate Studies, Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China.
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Shang R, Rodrigues B. Lipoprotein lipase as a target for obesity/diabetes related cardiovascular disease. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY & PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES : A PUBLICATION OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY FOR PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, SOCIETE CANADIENNE DES SCIENCES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2024; 27:13199. [PMID: 39081272 PMCID: PMC11286490 DOI: 10.3389/jpps.2024.13199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Worldwide, the prevalence of obesity and diabetes have increased, with heart disease being their leading cause of death. Traditionally, the management of obesity and diabetes has focused mainly on weight reduction and controlling high blood glucose. Unfortunately, despite these efforts, poor medication management predisposes these patients to heart failure. One instigator for the development of heart failure is how cardiac tissue utilizes different sources of fuel for energy. In this regard, the heart switches from using various substrates, to predominantly using fatty acids (FA). This transformation to using FA as an exclusive source of energy is helpful in the initial stages of the disease. However, over the progression of diabetes this has grave end results. This is because toxic by-products are produced by overuse of FA, which weaken heart function (heart disease). Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is responsible for regulating FA delivery to the heart, and its function during diabetes has not been completely revealed. In this review, the mechanisms by which LPL regulates fuel utilization by the heart in control conditions and following diabetes will be discussed in an attempt to identify new targets for therapeutic intervention. Currently, as treatment options to directly target diabetic heart disease are scarce, research on LPL may assist in drug development that exclusively targets fuel utilization by the heart and lipid accumulation in macrophages to help delay, prevent, or treat cardiac failure, and provide long-term management of this condition during diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Shang
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brian Rodrigues
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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113
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Abdirashid M, Barbero U, Cavallino C, Maltese L, Bacci E, Reale D, Marengo G, De Benedictis M, Rametta F, Ugo F. Coronary Artery Calcium and Aging: Physiological Basis, Assessment, and Treatment Options in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2024; 11:224. [PMID: 39057644 PMCID: PMC11277957 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd11070224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery calcification is a complex anatomical and histological pathology with different pathways that contribute to calcium deposit and calcification progression. As part of the atherosclerotic process, extensive calcifications are becoming more common and are associated with poorer PCI outcomes if not properly addressed. Since no drug has shown to be effective in changing this process once it is started, proper knowledge of the underlying pathogenesis and how to diagnose and manage it is essential in contemporary coronary intervention. Atherosclerosis is a pandemic disease, quickly spreading across the world and not limited anymore to the industrialized Western world. In this paper, we review the role of intracoronary imaging and the main technologies available and propose a simple and rational algorithm for the choice of a preferential first strategy in the treatment of severely calcified coronary atherosclerosis, followed by three emblematic cases on how we successively applied it.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Umberto Barbero
- Santissima Annunziata Hospital, 12038 Savigliano, Italy; (U.B.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Giorgio Marengo
- Santissima Annunziata Hospital, 12038 Savigliano, Italy; (U.B.)
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114
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Liu HH, Wei W, Wu FF, Cao L, Yang BJ, Fu JN, Li JX, Liang XY, Dong HY, Heng YY, Zhang PF. Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate protects vascular relaxation in ApoE-knockout mice by inhibiting the SYK-NLRP3 inflammasome-MMP2/9 pathway. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:354. [PMID: 38992615 PMCID: PMC11241843 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03990-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperlipidemia damages vascular wall and serves as a foundation for diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension and stiffness. The NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is implicated in vascular dysfunction associated with hyperlipidemia-induced vascular injury. Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS), a well-established cardiovascular protective drug with recognized anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and vasodilatory properties, is yet to be thoroughly investigated for its impact on vascular relaxant imbalance induced by hyperlipidemia. METHODS In this study, we treated ApoE-knockout (ApoE-/-) mouse with STS and assessed the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, expression of MMP2/9, integrity of elastic fibers, and vascular constriction and relaxation. RESULTS Our findings reveal that STS intervention effectively preserves elastic fibers, significantly restores aortic relaxation function in ApoE-/- mice, and reduces their excessive constriction. Furthermore, STS inhibits the phosphorylation of spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK), suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and reduces MMP2/9 expression. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that STS protects vascular relaxation against hyperlipidemia-induced damage through modulation of the SYK-NLRP3 inflammasome-MMP2/9 pathway. This research provides novel insights into the mechanisms underlying vascular relaxation impairment in a hyperlipidemic environment and uncovers a unique mechanism by which STS preserves vascular relaxation, offering valuable foundational research evidence for its clinical application in promoting vascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Hua Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, No.110, Yan'an South Road, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, No.110, Yan'an South Road, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, China.
- Department of Pharmacology, Changzhi Medical College, No.161, Jiefang East Street, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, China.
- Department of Clinical Center Laboratory, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, No.110, Yan'an South Road, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, China.
| | - Fei-Fei Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, No.110, Yan'an South Road, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, China
| | - Lu Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, No.110, Yan'an South Road, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, China
| | - Bing-Jie Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Changzhi Medical College, No.161, Jiefang East Street, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, China
| | - Jia-Ning Fu
- Department of Stomatology, Changzhi Medical College, No.161, Jiefang East Street, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, China
| | - Jing-Xia Li
- Department of Anesthesia, Changzhi Medical College, No.161, Jiefang East Street, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, China
| | - Xin-Yue Liang
- Department of Medical Imageology, Changzhi Medical College, No.161, Jiefang East Street, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, China
| | - Hao-Yu Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, No.110, Yan'an South Road, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, China
| | - Yan-Yan Heng
- Department of Nephrology Heping Hospital, Changzhi Medical College, No.110, Yanan Road South, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, China
| | - Peng-Fei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology Heping Hospital, Changzhi Medical College, No.110, Yanan Road South, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, China
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Mitsis A, Eftychiou C, Kadoglou NPE, Theodoropoulos KC, Karagiannidis E, Nasoufidou A, Ziakas A, Tzikas S, Kassimis G. Innovations in Intracoronary Imaging: Present Clinical Practices and Future Outlooks. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4086. [PMID: 39064126 PMCID: PMC11277956 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13144086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Engaging intracoronary imaging (IC) techniques such as intravascular ultrasound or optical coherence tomography enables the precise description of vessel architecture. These imaging modalities have well-established roles in providing guidance and optimizing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) outcomes. Furthermore, IC is increasingly recognized for its diagnostic capabilities, as it has the unique capacity to reveal vessel wall characteristics that may not be apparent through angiography alone. This manuscript thoroughly reviews the contemporary landscape of IC in clinical practice. Focused on current methodologies, the review explores the utility and advancements in IC techniques. Emphasizing their role in clarifying coronary pathophysiology, guiding PCI, and optimizing patient outcomes, the manuscript critically evaluates the strengths and limitations of each modality. Additionally, the integration of IC into routine clinical workflows and its impact on decision-making processes are discussed. By synthesizing the latest evidence, this review provides valuable insights for clinicians, researchers, and healthcare professionals involved in the dynamic field of interventional cardiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Mitsis
- Cardiology Department, Nicosia General Hospital, Nicosia 2029, Cyprus;
| | | | | | - Konstantinos C. Theodoropoulos
- First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.C.T.); (A.Z.)
| | - Efstratios Karagiannidis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (A.N.); (G.K.)
| | - Athina Nasoufidou
- Second Department of Cardiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (A.N.); (G.K.)
| | - Antonios Ziakas
- First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.C.T.); (A.Z.)
| | - Stergios Tzikas
- Third Department of Cardiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - George Kassimis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (A.N.); (G.K.)
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Sun X, Jia X, Tan Z, Fan D, Chen M, Cui N, Liu A, Liu D. Oral Nanoformulations in Cardiovascular Medicine: Advances in Atherosclerosis Treatment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:919. [PMID: 39065770 PMCID: PMC11279631 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is the formation of atherosclerotic plaques on the walls of the arteries, causing them to narrow. If this occurs in the coronary arteries, the blood vessels may be completely blocked, resulting in myocardial infarction; if it occurs in the blood vessels of the brain, the blood vessels may be blocked, resulting in cerebral infarction, i.e., stroke. Studies have shown that the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis involves the processes of inflammation, lipid infiltration, oxidative stress, and endothelial damage, etc. SIRT, as a key factor regulating the molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress, inflammation, and aging, has an important impact on the pathogenesis of plaque formation, progression, and vulnerability. Statistics show that AS accounts for about 50 per cent of deaths in Western countries. Currently, oral medication is the mainstay of AS treatment, but its development is limited by side effects, low bioavailability and other unfavourable factors. In recent years, with the rapid development of nano-preparations, researchers have combined statins and natural product drugs within nanopreparations to improve their bioavailability. Based on this, this paper summarises the main pathogenesis of AS and also proposes new oral nanoformulations such as liposomes, nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, and nanocapsules to improve their application in the treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Aidong Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (X.S.); (X.J.); (Z.T.); (D.F.); (M.C.); (N.C.)
| | - Da Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (X.S.); (X.J.); (Z.T.); (D.F.); (M.C.); (N.C.)
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117
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Huang H, Zheng Y, Chang M, Song J, Xia L, Wu C, Jia W, Ren H, Feng W, Chen Y. Ultrasound-Based Micro-/Nanosystems for Biomedical Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:8307-8472. [PMID: 38924776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Due to the intrinsic non-invasive nature, cost-effectiveness, high safety, and real-time capabilities, besides diagnostic imaging, ultrasound as a typical mechanical wave has been extensively developed as a physical tool for versatile biomedical applications. Especially, the prosperity of nanotechnology and nanomedicine invigorates the landscape of ultrasound-based medicine. The unprecedented surge in research enthusiasm and dedicated efforts have led to a mass of multifunctional micro-/nanosystems being applied in ultrasound biomedicine, facilitating precise diagnosis, effective treatment, and personalized theranostics. The effective deployment of versatile ultrasound-based micro-/nanosystems in biomedical applications is rooted in a profound understanding of the relationship among composition, structure, property, bioactivity, application, and performance. In this comprehensive review, we elaborate on the general principles regarding the design, synthesis, functionalization, and optimization of ultrasound-based micro-/nanosystems for abundant biomedical applications. In particular, recent advancements in ultrasound-based micro-/nanosystems for diagnostic imaging are meticulously summarized. Furthermore, we systematically elucidate state-of-the-art studies concerning recent progress in ultrasound-based micro-/nanosystems for therapeutic applications targeting various pathological abnormalities including cancer, bacterial infection, brain diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic diseases. Finally, we conclude and provide an outlook on this research field with an in-depth discussion of the challenges faced and future developments for further extensive clinical translation and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P. R. China
| | - Meiqi Chang
- Laboratory Center, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, P. R. China
| | - Jun Song
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Lili Xia
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Chenyao Wu
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Wencong Jia
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Hongze Ren
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Wei Feng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
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Ji Y, Wen Y, Zhang S, Xu B, Sun S, Chen Y, Shuai X, Zheng T. Black phosphorus quantum dots prevent atherosclerosis in high-fat diet-fed apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:10784-10798. [PMID: 38990203 PMCID: PMC11272127 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is the main pathological basis of cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease. Black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) are a novel nanomaterial with good optical properties and biocompatibility, which was applied in the treatment of AS in mice, with good results shown in our previous study. In this study, BPQDs were injected into high-fat diet-fed apolipoprotein E knockout mice as a preventive drug for 12 weeks. Simvastatin, a classic preventive drug for AS, was used as a control to verify the preventive effect of BPQDs. The results showed that after preventive treatment with BPQDs, the plaque area in mice was significantly reduced, the vascular elasticity was increased, and serum lipid levels were significantly lower than those in the model group. To explore the mechanism, macrophages were induced to become foam cells using oxidized low-density lipoprotein. We found that BPQDs treatment could increase cell autophagy, thereby regulating intracellular lipid metabolism. Taken together, these data revealed that BPQDs may serve as a functional drug in preventing the development of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Ji
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Drug Addiction and Medication Safety, Department of Ultrasound, Institute of Ultrasonic Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yilin Wen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Drug Addiction and Medication Safety, Department of Ultrasound, Institute of Ultrasonic Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Shengwei Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Drug Addiction and Medication Safety, Department of Ultrasound, Institute of Ultrasonic Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Bingxuan Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Drug Addiction and Medication Safety, Department of Ultrasound, Institute of Ultrasonic Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yun Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Drug Addiction and Medication Safety, Department of Ultrasound, Institute of Ultrasonic Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xintao Shuai
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Zheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Drug Addiction and Medication Safety, Department of Ultrasound, Institute of Ultrasonic Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, Guangdong, P.R. China
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Schwarze JJ, Schumann S, Brandt S, Dirsch O, Rosengarten B. Thrombus age does not differentiate between cardiogenic and atherosclerotic strokes. BMJ Neurol Open 2024; 6:e000724. [PMID: 38979394 PMCID: PMC11227751 DOI: 10.1136/bmjno-2024-000724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Interventional stroke therapy made thrombi available for histological analysis. Unfortunately, simple composition aspects such as erythrocyte versus fibrin/platelet rich did not allow a feasible allocation to thrombi's cardiac or carotid origin. Since the mentioned criteria represent characteristics of thrombus age, we used established histological criteria for determining thrombus age in patients who had an atherosclerotic (TOAST (Trial of Org 10172 in Acute stroke Treatment) 1) stroke versus patients who had a cardioembolic (TOAST 2) stroke. Methods We assessed prospectively data from stroke patients presenting with occlusion of the middle cerebral artery eligible for catheter-based intervention. Besides patient characteristics and stroke workup, extracted thrombi were classified into different age categories according to their cellular to fibrotic transition. Thrombi were collected in an erythrocyte lysing solution to reduce acute clotting effects. Statistics were done with a non-parametric Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Results 170 patients were included, of which 50 (38 men; 73±12 years) had a TOAST 1 and 99 (59 women; 75±10 years) had a TOAST 2 categorised stroke. Age, National Institutes of Health Stroke Score (13±7 vs 15±7), Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (9±3 vs 9±2), Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction Score (2.9±0.2 vs 2.9±0.3), modified Rankin Score on discharge (3.2±2 vs 3.2±2), number of vascular risk factors (0.9±1.4 vs 1.0±1.1) or time span between symptom onset to reperfusion (266±115 vs 260±128 min) remained non-significant. Also, thrombus age did not differ between the groups. The mean age of thrombi was 5-8 days. However, the male-female ratio differed significantly (p<0.0005) between groups, with more men in TOAST 1 group and more women in TOAST 2 group. Conclusion Age aspects of thrombi seem not feasible to allow reliable source allocation. However, the young age of thrombi points to a rapid detachment. The difference in sex relation is in line with previous reports.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Silvio Brandt
- Neuroradiology, Klinikum Chemnitz gGmbH, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Olaf Dirsch
- Pathology, Klinikum Chemnitz gGmbH, Chemnitz, Germany
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Ling L, Chen J, Zhan L, Fu J, He R, Wang W, Wei B, Ma X, Cao Y. NLRC5 promotes tumorigenesis by regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in cervical cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15353. [PMID: 38961101 PMCID: PMC11222428 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66153-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide. NLR Family CARD Domain Containing 5 (NLRC5) plays an important role in tumorigenesis. However, its effect and mechanism in CC remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the function of NLRC5 in CC. NLRC5 was found to be down-regulated in CC tissues compared with normal cervical tissues. However, patients with higher NLRC5 expression had better prognosis, patients with higher age, HPV infection, lymph node metastasis, recurrence and histological grade had worse prognosis. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed NLRC5 to be a potential prognostic indicator for CC. Pearson correlation analysis showed that NLRC5 might exert its function in CC through autophagy related proteins, especially LC3. In vitro experiments demonstrated that NLRC5 inhibited LC3 levels and promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of CC cells by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Treatment with LY294002 reversed the above phenotype. Taken together, our finding suggested that NLRC5 would participate in cervical tumorigenesis and progression by regulating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In addition, NLRC5 and LC3 combined as possible predictors in CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jiahua Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Lei Zhan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Juanjuan Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Runhua He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wenyan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Bing Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Yunxia Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
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Nankivell V, Vidanapathirana AK, Hoogendoorn A, Tan JTM, Verjans J, Psaltis PJ, Hutchinson MR, Gibson BC, Lu Y, Goldys E, Zheng G, Bursill CA. Targeting macrophages with multifunctional nanoparticles to detect and prevent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:819-838. [PMID: 38696700 PMCID: PMC11218693 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the emergence of novel diagnostic, pharmacological, interventional, and prevention strategies, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Nanoparticle (NP)-based platforms encompass diverse imaging, delivery, and pharmacological properties that provide novel opportunities for refining diagnostic and therapeutic interventions for atherosclerosis at the cellular and molecular levels. Macrophages play a critical role in atherosclerosis and therefore represent an important disease-related diagnostic and therapeutic target, especially given their inherent ability for passive and active NP uptake. In this review, we discuss an array of inorganic, carbon-based, and lipid-based NPs that provide magnetic, radiographic, and fluorescent imaging capabilities for a range of highly promising research and clinical applications in atherosclerosis. We discuss the design of NPs that target a range of macrophage-related functions such as lipoprotein oxidation, cholesterol efflux, vascular inflammation, and defective efferocytosis. We also provide examples of NP systems that were developed for other pathologies such as cancer and highlight their potential for repurposing in cardiovascular disease. Finally, we discuss the current state of play and the future of theranostic NPs. Whilst this is not without its challenges, the array of multifunctional capabilities that are possible in NP design ensures they will be part of the next frontier of exciting new therapies that simultaneously improve the accuracy of plaque diagnosis and more effectively reduce atherosclerosis with limited side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Nankivell
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP)
- Vascular Research Centre, Lifelong Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), North Terrace, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Achini K Vidanapathirana
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP)
- Vascular Research Centre, Lifelong Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), North Terrace, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Ayla Hoogendoorn
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP)
- Vascular Research Centre, Lifelong Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), North Terrace, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Joanne T M Tan
- Vascular Research Centre, Lifelong Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), North Terrace, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Johan Verjans
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP)
- Vascular Research Centre, Lifelong Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), North Terrace, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Peter J Psaltis
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP)
- Vascular Research Centre, Lifelong Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), North Terrace, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Mark R Hutchinson
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP)
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Brant C Gibson
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP)
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yiqing Lu
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP)
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ewa Goldys
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP)
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, High Street, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Gang Zheng
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP)
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Christina A Bursill
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP)
- Vascular Research Centre, Lifelong Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), North Terrace, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
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Wang Y, Chen Z, Zhu Q, Chen Z, Fu G, Ma B, Zhang W. Aiming at early-stage vulnerable plaques: A nanoplatform with dual-mode imaging and lipid-inflammation integrated regulation for atherosclerotic theranostics. Bioact Mater 2024; 37:94-105. [PMID: 38523705 PMCID: PMC10957523 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The vulnerable plaques in atherosclerosis can cause severe outcome with great danger of acute cardiovascular events. Thus, timely diagnosis and treatment of vulnerable plaques in early stage can effectively benefit the clinical management of atherosclerosis. In this work, a targeting theranostic strategy on early-stage vulnerable plaques in atherosclerosis is realized by a LAID nanoplatform with X-CT and fluorescent dual-mode imaging and lipid-inflammation integrated regulation abilities. The iodinated contrast agents (ICA), phenylboronic acid modified astaxanthin and oxidized-dextran (oxDEX) jointly construct the nanoparticles loaded with the lipid-specific probe LFP. LAID indicates an active targeting to plaques along with the dual-responsive disassembly in oxidative stress and acidic microenvironment of atherosclerosis. The X-CT signals of ICA execute the location of early-stage plaques, while the LFP combines with lipid cores and realizes the recognition of vulnerable plaques. Meanwhile, the treatment based on astaxanthin is performed for restraining the progression of plaques. Transcriptome sequencing suggests that LAID can inhibit the lipid uptake and block NF-κB pathway, which synergistically demonstrates a lipid-inflammation integrated regulation to suppression the plaques growing. The in vivo investigations suggest that LAID delivers a favorable theranostics to the early-stage vulnerable plaques, which provides an impressive prospect for reducing the adverse prognosis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhebin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiongjun Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhezhe Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guosheng Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Boxuan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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Liang L, Deng Y, Ao Z, Liao C, Tian J, Li C, Yu X. Recent progress in biomimetic nanomedicines based on versatile targeting strategy for atherosclerosis therapy. J Drug Target 2024; 32:606-623. [PMID: 38656224 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2024.2347353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is considered to be one of the major causes of cardiovascular disease. Its pathological microenvironment is characterised by increased production of reactive oxygen species, lipid oxides, and excessive inflammatory factors, which accumulate at the monolayer endothelial cells in the vascular wall to form AS plaques. Therefore, intervention in the pathological microenvironment would be beneficial in delaying AS. Researchers have designed biomimetic nanomedicines with excellent biocompatibility and the ability to avoid being cleared by the immune system through different therapeutic strategies to achieve better therapeutic effects for the characteristics of AS. Biomimetic nanomedicines can further enhance delivery efficiency and improve treatment efficacy due to their good biocompatibility and ability to evade clearance by the immune system. Biomimetic nanomedicines based on therapeutic strategies such as neutralising inflammatory factors, ROS scavengers, lipid clearance and integration of diagnosis and treatment are versatile approaches for effective treatment of AS. The review firstly summarises the targeting therapeutic strategy of biomimetic nanomedicine for AS in recent 5 years. Biomimetic nanomedicines using cell membranes, proteins, and extracellular vesicles as carriers have been developed for AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hejiang County People's Hospital, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiping Deng
- Analysis and Testing Center, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zuojin Ao
- Analysis and Testing Center, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Changli Liao
- Science and Technology Department, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Ji Tian
- Analysis and Testing Center, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunhong Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Chinese Pharmacy Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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Khair M, Khair M, Vangaveti VN, Malabu UH. The role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in atherosclerotic disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cardiol 2024; 84:14-21. [PMID: 38521117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic, progressive cardiovascular disease characterized by cholesterol deposition within blood vessel walls. Recent literature has suggested that the NLRP3 [NOD (nucleotide oligomerization domain)-, LRR (leucine-rich repeat)-, and PYD (pyrin domain)-containing protein 3] inflammasome is a key mediator in the development, progression, and destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques. This review aims to evaluate the current literature on the role of NLRP3 in human atherosclerosis. This systematic review was registered on the PROSPERO database (ID = CRD42022340039) and involved the search of a total of 8 databases. Records were screened in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 20 studies were included and quality assessed using the NIH: NHLBI tool. Six were eligible for meta-analysis using RevMan 5.4.1. We identified 20 relevant articles representing 3388 participants. NLRP3 mRNA levels and downstream cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 were found to be associated with atherosclerotic disease. Fold changes in NLRP3 mRNA levels were most strongly associated with high risk atherosclerotic disease, compared to controls [0.84 (95 % CI: 0.41-1.28)]. IL-1β mRNA fold change was more robustly associated with high-risk atherosclerotic disease [0.61 (95 % CI: 0.10-1.13)] than IL-18 [0.47 (95 % CI: 0.02-0.91)]. NLRP3, IL-1β, and IL-18 are associated with high-risk atherosclerotic disease. However, given the scope of this review, the role of this inflammasome and its cytokine counterparts in acting as prognosticators of coronary artery disease severity is unclear. Several upstream activators such as cholesterol crystals are involved in the canonical or non-canonical activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and its downstream cytokines. These findings highlight the necessity for further research to delineate the exact mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and potential drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Khair
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Douglas, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Mark Khair
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Venkat N Vangaveti
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Douglas, Queensland, Australia
| | - Usman H Malabu
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Douglas, Queensland, Australia; Department of Endocrinology, Townsville University Hospital, Douglas, Queensland, Australia
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Terao J. Caveolae and caveolin-1 as targets of dietary polyphenols for protection against vascular endothelial dysfunction. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2024; 75:7-16. [PMID: 39070533 PMCID: PMC11273273 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.24-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Caveolae, consisting of caveolin-1 proteins, are ubiquitously present in endothelial cells and contribute to normal cardiovascular functions by acting as a platform for cellular signaling pathways as well as transcytosis and endocytosis. However, caveolin-1 is thought to have a proatherogenic role by inhibiting endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity and Nrf2 activation, or by promoting inflammation through NF-κB activation. Dietary polyphenols were suggested to exert anti-atherosclerotic effects by a mechanism involving the inhibition of endothelial dysfunction, by which they can regulate redox-sensitive signaling pathways in relation to NF-κB and Nrf2 activation. Some monomeric polyphenols and microbiota-derived catabolites from monomeric polyphenols or polymeric tannins might be responsible for the inhibition, because they can be transferred into the circulation from the digestive tract. Several polyphenols were reported to modulate caveolin-1 expression or its localization in caveolae. Therefore, we hypothesized that circulating polyphenols affect caveolae functions by altering its structure leading to the release of caveolin-1 from caveolae, and attenuating redox-sensitive signaling pathway-dependent caveolin-1 overexpression. Further studies using circulating polyphenols at a physiologically relevant level are necessary to clarify the mechanism of action of dietary polyphenols targeting caveolae and caveolin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Terao
- Faculty of Medicine, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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Ramachandran R, Manan A, Kim J, Choi S. NLRP3 inflammasome: a key player in the pathogenesis of life-style disorders. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:1488-1500. [PMID: 38945951 PMCID: PMC11297159 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01261-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines play a crucial role in regulating the inflammatory response, which is essential for the proper functioning of our immune system. When infections or threats to the body's defense mechanisms are detected, the innate immune system takes the lead. However, an excessive inflammatory response can lead to the production of high concentrations of cytotoxic molecules, resulting in tissue damage. Inflammasomes are significant contributors to innate immunity, and one of the most extensively studied inflammasome complexes is NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3). NLRP3 has a wide range of recognition mechanisms that streamline immune activation and eliminate pathogens. These cytosolic multiprotein complexes are composed of effector, adaptor, and sensor proteins, which are crucial for identifying intracellular bacterial breakdown products and initiating an innate immune cascade. To understand the diverse behavior of NLRP3 activation and its significance in the development of lifestyle-related diseases, one must delve into the study of the immune response and apoptosis mediated by the release of proinflammatory cytokines. In this review, we briefly explore the immune response in the context of lifestyle associated disorders such as obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, oral disease, and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajath Ramachandran
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Korea.
| | - Abdul Manan
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Korea
| | - Jei Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Korea
- S&K Therapeutics, Ajou University Campus Plaza 418, 199 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16502, Korea
| | - Sangdun Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Korea.
- S&K Therapeutics, Ajou University Campus Plaza 418, 199 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16502, Korea.
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Vuong TNAM, Bartolf‐Kopp M, Andelovic K, Jungst T, Farbehi N, Wise SG, Hayward C, Stevens MC, Rnjak‐Kovacina J. Integrating Computational and Biological Hemodynamic Approaches to Improve Modeling of Atherosclerotic Arteries. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307627. [PMID: 38704690 PMCID: PMC11234431 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the primary cause of cardiovascular disease, resulting in mortality, elevated healthcare costs, diminished productivity, and reduced quality of life for individuals and their communities. This is exacerbated by the limited understanding of its underlying causes and limitations in current therapeutic interventions, highlighting the need for sophisticated models of atherosclerosis. This review critically evaluates the computational and biological models of atherosclerosis, focusing on the study of hemodynamics in atherosclerotic coronary arteries. Computational models account for the geometrical complexities and hemodynamics of the blood vessels and stenoses, but they fail to capture the complex biological processes involved in atherosclerosis. Different in vitro and in vivo biological models can capture aspects of the biological complexity of healthy and stenosed vessels, but rarely mimic the human anatomy and physiological hemodynamics, and require significantly more time, cost, and resources. Therefore, emerging strategies are examined that integrate computational and biological models, and the potential of advances in imaging, biofabrication, and machine learning is explored in developing more effective models of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Bartolf‐Kopp
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and DentistryInstitute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication (IFB)KeyLab Polymers for Medicine of the Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI)University of WürzburgPleicherwall 297070WürzburgGermany
| | - Kristina Andelovic
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and DentistryInstitute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication (IFB)KeyLab Polymers for Medicine of the Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI)University of WürzburgPleicherwall 297070WürzburgGermany
| | - Tomasz Jungst
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and DentistryInstitute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication (IFB)KeyLab Polymers for Medicine of the Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI)University of WürzburgPleicherwall 297070WürzburgGermany
- Department of Orthopedics, Regenerative Medicine Center UtrechtUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht3584Netherlands
| | - Nona Farbehi
- Graduate School of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydney2052Australia
- Tyree Institute of Health EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
- Garvan Weizmann Center for Cellular GenomicsGarvan Institute of Medical ResearchSydneyNSW2010Australia
| | - Steven G. Wise
- School of Medical SciencesUniversity of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia
| | - Christopher Hayward
- St Vincent's HospitalSydneyVictor Chang Cardiac Research InstituteSydney2010Australia
| | | | - Jelena Rnjak‐Kovacina
- Graduate School of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydney2052Australia
- Tyree Institute of Health EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN)University of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
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Chang X, Zheng Y, Xu K. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing: Technological Progress and Biomedical Application in Cancer Research. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:1497-1519. [PMID: 37322261 PMCID: PMC11217094 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00777-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) is a revolutionary technology that allows for the genomic investigation of individual cells in a population, allowing for the discovery of unusual cells associated with cancer and metastasis. ScRNA-seq has been used to discover different types of cancers with poor prognosis and medication resistance such as lung cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and gastric cancer. Besides, scRNA-seq is a promising method that helps us comprehend the biological features and dynamics of cell development, as well as other disorders. This review gives a concise summary of current scRNA-seq technology. We also explain the main technological steps involved in implementing the technology. We highlight the present applications of scRNA-seq in cancer research, including tumor heterogeneity analysis in lung cancer, breast cancer, and ovarian cancer. In addition, this review elucidates potential applications of scRNA-seq in lineage tracing, personalized medicine, illness prediction, and disease diagnosis, which reveals that scRNA-seq facilitates these events by producing genetic variations on the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxi Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
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Islam KN, Nguyen ID, Islam R, Pirzadah H, Malik H. Roles of Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) as a Potential Therapeutic Agent in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e64913. [PMID: 39156383 PMCID: PMC11330631 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.64913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) stands as one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and the continued search for novel therapeutics is vital for addressing this global health challenge. Over the past decade, hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) has garnered significant attention in the field of medical research, as it has been proven to be a cardioprotective gaseous signaling molecule. It joins nitric oxide and carbon monoxide as endogenously produced gasotransmitters. As for its mechanism, H₂S functions through the posttranslational addition of a sulfur group to cysteine residues on target proteins in a process called sulfhydration. As a result, the observed physiological effects of H₂S can include vasodilation, anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammation, antioxidant effects, and regulation of ion channels. Various studies have observed the cardioprotective benefits of H₂S in diseases such as myocardial infarction, ischemia-reperfusion injury, cardiac remodeling, heart failure, arrhythmia, and atherosclerosis. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms and therapeutic potential of H₂S in various CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazi N Islam
- Department of Agricultural Research Development Program, Central State University, Wilberforce, USA
| | - Ivan D Nguyen
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, USA
| | - Rahib Islam
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, USA
| | - Humza Pirzadah
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, USA
| | - Hassan Malik
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, USA
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130
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Ahmed IU, Myerscough MR. HDL and plaque regression in a multiphase model of early atherosclerosis. Math Biosci 2024; 373:109208. [PMID: 38759951 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2024.109208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease of the arteries characterised by the accumulation of lipids and lipid-engorged cells in the artery wall. Early plaque growth is aggravated by the deposition of low density lipoproteins (LDL) in the wall and the subsequent immune response. High density lipoproteins (HDL) counterbalance the effects of LDL by accepting cholesterol from macrophages and removing it from the plaque. In this paper, we develop a free boundary multiphase model to investigate the effects of LDL and HDL on early plaque development. We examine how the rates of LDL and HDL deposition affect cholesterol accumulation in macrophages, and how this impacts cell death rates and emigration. We identify a region of LDL-HDL parameter space where plaque growth stabilises for low LDL and high HDL influxes, due to macrophage emigration and HDL clearance that counterbalances the influx of new cells and cholesterol. We explore how the efferocytic uptake of dead cells and the recruitment of new macrophages affect plaque development for a range of LDL and HDL influxes. Finally, we consider how changes in the LDL-HDL profile can change the course of plaque development. We show that changes towards lower LDL and higher HDL can slow plaque growth and even induce regression. We find that these changes have less effect on larger, more established plaques, and that temporary changes will only slow plaque growth in the short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishraq U Ahmed
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Australia.
| | - Mary R Myerscough
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Australia
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131
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Tesoro L, Hernandez I, Saura M, Badimón L, Zaragoza C. Novel cutting edge nano-strategies to address old long-standing complications in cardiovascular diseases. A comprehensive review. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14208. [PMID: 38622800 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) impact a substantial portion of the global population and represent a significant threat to experiencing life-threatening outcomes, such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, stroke and heart failure. Despite remarkable progress in pharmacology and medical interventions, CVD persists as a major public health concern, and now ranks as the primary global cause of death and the highest consumer of global budgets. Ongoing research endeavours persist in seeking novel therapeutic avenues and interventions to deepen our understanding of CVD, enhance prevention measures, and refine treatment strategies. METHODS Nanotechnology applied to the development of new molecular probes with diagnostic and theranostic properties represents one of the greatest technological challenges in preclinical and clinical research. RESULTS The application of nanotechnology in cardiovascular medicine holds great promise for advancing our understanding of CVDs and revolutionizing their diagnosis and treatment strategies, ultimately improving patient care and outcomes. In addition, the capacity of drug encapsulation in nanoparticles has significantly bolstered their biological safety, bioavailability and solubility. In combination with imaging technologies, molecular imaging has emerged as a pivotal therapeutic tool, offering insight into the molecular events underlying disease and facilitating targeted treatment approaches. CONCLUSION Here, we present a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in targeted nanoparticle approaches for diagnosing CVDs, encompassing molecular imaging techniques, underscoring the significant progress in theranostic, as a novel and promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tesoro
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cardiovascular, Departamento de Cardiología, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Hernandez
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cardiovascular, Departamento de Cardiología, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Saura
- Unidad de Fisiología, Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lina Badimón
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular-Program ICCC, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- Cardiovascular Research Chair, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Zaragoza
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cardiovascular, Departamento de Cardiología, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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132
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de Moraes CMB, Bassanelli AM, Rodrigues LDS, Barud HDS, Fontes MDL, Lourenção PLTDA, Castro MCNE, Bertanha M. Biocellulose-based hydrogel dressing as a strategy for the management of chronic arterial wounds. Acta Cir Bras 2024; 39:e392924. [PMID: 38958305 PMCID: PMC11216531 DOI: 10.1590/acb392924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate using a biocellulose-based hydrogel as an adjuvant in the healing process of arterial ulcers. METHODS A prospective single group quasi-experimental study was carried out with chronic lower limb arterial ulcer patients. These patients received biocellulose-based hydrogel dressings and outpatient guidance on dressing and periodic reassessments. The primary outcomes were the ulcer-healing rate and product safety, which were assessed by ulcer area measured in photographic records of pre-treatment and posttreatment after 7, 30, and 60 days. Secondary outcomes were related to clinical assessment by the quality-of-life scores (SF-36 and EQ-5D) and pain, evaluated by the visual analogue scale (VAS). RESULTS Seventeen participants were included, and one of them was excluded. Six patients (37%) had complete wound healing, and all patients had a significant reduction in the ulcer area during follow-up (233.6mm2 versus 2.7mm2) and reduction on the score PUSH 3.0 (p < 0.0001). The analysis of the SF-36 and EQ-5D questionnaires showed a statistically significant improvement in almost all parameters analyzed and with a reduction of pain assessed by the VAS. CONCLUSIONS The biocellulose-based hydrogel was safe and showed a good perspective to promoting the necessary conditions to facilitate partial or complete healing of chronic arterial ulcers within a 60-day follow-up. Quality of life and pain were positively affected by the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Magro Barreiros de Moraes
- Universidade Estadual Paulista – Hospital Clinics of the Faculty of Medicine of Botucatu - Department of Surgery and Orthopedics – Botucatu (SP), Brazil
| | - Arthur Mestriner Bassanelli
- Universidade Estadual Paulista – Hospital Clinics of the Faculty of Medicine of Botucatu - Department of Surgery and Orthopedics – Botucatu (SP), Brazil
| | - Lenize da Silva Rodrigues
- Universidade Estadual Paulista – Hospital Clinics of the Faculty of Medicine of Botucatu - Department of Surgery and Orthopedics – Botucatu (SP), Brazil
| | - Hernane da Silva Barud
- Centro Universitário de Araraquara – Biopolymers and Biomaterials Laboratory – Araraquara (SP), Brazil
| | - Marina de Lima Fontes
- Centro Universitário de Araraquara – Biopolymers and Biomaterials Laboratory – Araraquara (SP), Brazil
| | - Pedro Luiz Toledo de Arruda Lourenção
- Universidade Estadual Paulista – Hospital Clinics of the Faculty of Medicine of Botucatu - Department of Surgery and Orthopedics – Botucatu (SP), Brazil
| | - Meire Cristina Novelli e Castro
- Universidade Estadual Paulista – Hospital Clinics of the Faculty of Medicine of Botucatu - Department of Surgery and Orthopedics – Botucatu (SP), Brazil
| | - Matheus Bertanha
- Universidade Estadual Paulista – Hospital Clinics of the Faculty of Medicine of Botucatu - Department of Surgery and Orthopedics – Botucatu (SP), Brazil
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133
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Sarraju A, Nissen SE. Atherosclerotic plaque stabilization and regression: a review of clinical evidence. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024; 21:487-497. [PMID: 38177454 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00979-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaque results from a complex interplay between lipid deposition, inflammatory changes, cell migration and arterial wall injury. Over the past two decades, clinical trials utilizing invasive arterial imaging modalities, such as intravascular ultrasonography, have shown that reducing levels of atherogenic lipoproteins, mainly serum LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), to very low levels can safely reduce overall atherosclerotic plaque burden and favourably modify plaque composition. Classically, this outcome has been achieved with intensive statin therapy. Since 2016, newer and potent lipid-lowering strategies, such as proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 inhibition, have shown incremental effects on plaque regression and risk of clinical events. Despite maximal reduction in plasma LDL-C levels, considerable residual cardiovascular risk remains in some patients. Therefore, there is a need to study therapeutic approaches that address residual risk beyond LDL-C reduction to promote plaque stabilization or regression. Contemporary imaging modalities, such as coronary computed tomography angiography, enable non-invasive assessment of the overall atherosclerotic plaque burden as well as of certain local plaque characteristics. This technology could allow further study of plaque stabilization and regression using novel therapeutic approaches. Non-invasive plaque assessment might also offer the potential to guide personalized management strategies if validated for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Sarraju
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Steven E Nissen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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134
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Witoonchart K, Wannit W, Kumpol C. Computed tomography angiography and coronary artery disease-reporting and data system and a 5-year prognostic major adverse cardiovascular and cerebral event outcome study in a symptomatic Southeast Asian population. Coron Artery Dis 2024:00019501-990000000-00250. [PMID: 38946395 DOI: 10.1097/mca.0000000000001403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the relationship between coronary artery disease-reporting and data system (CAD-RADS) for coronary computed tomography angiogram (CCTA) and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebral event (MACE) in a symptomatic Southeast Asian, Thai population over a 5-year period. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of Thai patients without known CAD who underwent CCTA for CAD symptoms. CCTA images and 5-year health data were reviewed for CAD-RADS and MACE. MACE consists of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, acute coronary syndrome, heart failure hospitalization, and stroke. RESULTS In total 336 patients were evaluated. The median follow-up period was 6.4 years. The overall MACE incidence was 63 cases (18.8%). The MACE event rate was progressively increased with higher CAD-RADS categories; CAD-RADS 3 [hazard ratio (HR), 3.62; P = 0.015], CAD-RADS 4a (HR, 3.50; P = 0.024), CAD-RADS 4b & 5 (HR, 7.56; P = 0.001). The risk of MACE increased significantly in the moderate to severe CAD burden group (HR, 5.58; P = 0.01). Kaplan-Meier curve showed a significant rise in MACE with higher CAD-RADS categories (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION CAD-RADS classification has a significant prognostic value in Southeast Asian, Thai population with cardiac symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Witoonchart
- Chulabhorn International Collage of Medicine, Thammasat University, Cooperative Learning Center, Piyachart, Pathum Thani, Thailand
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135
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Jeradeh E, Frangie C, Bazzi S, Daher J. The in vitro effect of myeloperoxidase oxidized LDL on THP-1 derived macrophages. Innate Immun 2024; 30:82-89. [PMID: 39090856 PMCID: PMC11418607 DOI: 10.1177/17534259241269687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) linked to atherosclerosis remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis is primarily caused by the accumulation of oxidized forms of low density lipoprotein (LDL) in macrophages (MΦs) in the subendothelial layer of arteries leading to foam cell and fatty streak formation. Many studies suggest that LDL that is modified by myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a key player in the development of atherosclerosis. MΦs can adopt a variety of functional phenotypes that include mainly the proinflammatory M1 and the anti-inflammatory M2 MΦ phenotypes which are both implicated in the process of atherogenesis. In fact, MΦs that reside in atherosclerostic lesions were shown to express a variety of phenotypes ranging between the M1- and M2 MΦ types. Recently, we pointed out the involvement of MPO oxidized-LDL (Mox-LDL) in increasing inflammation in MΦs by reducing their secretion of IL-10. Since little is known about Mox-LDL-mediated pro-atherosclerostic responses in MΦs, our study aimed at analyzing the in vitro effects of Mox-LDL at this level through making use of the well-established model of human THP-1-derived Mφs. Our results demonstrate that Mox-LDL has no effect on apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and cell death in our cell model; yet, interestingly, our results show that Mox-LDL is significantly engulfed at a higher rate in the different MΦ subtypes supporting its key role in foam cell formation during the progression of the disease as well as previous data that were generated using another primary MΦ cell model of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Jeradeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, El-Koura, Lebanon
| | - Christian Frangie
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology and Molecular Medicine, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies Campus, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Samer Bazzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Science, University of Balamand, El-Koura, Lebanon
| | - Jalil Daher
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, El-Koura, Lebanon
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136
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Ai J, Tang X, Mao B, Zhang Q, Zhao J, Chen W, Cui S. Gut microbiota: a superior operator for dietary phytochemicals to improve atherosclerosis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38940319 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2369169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Mounting evidence implicates the gut microbiota as a possible key susceptibility factor for atherosclerosis (AS). The employment of dietary phytochemicals that strive to target the gut microbiota has gained scientific support for treating AS. This study conducted a general overview of the links between the gut microbiota and AS, and summarized available evidence that dietary phytochemicals improve AS via manipulating gut microbiota. Then, the microbial metabolism of several dietary phytochemicals was summarized, along with a discussion on the metabolites formed and the biotransformation pathways involving key gut bacteria and enzymes. This study additionally focused on the anti-atherosclerotic potential of representative metabolites from dietary phytochemicals, and investigated their underlying molecular mechanisms. In summary, microbiota-dependent dietary phytochemical therapy is a promising strategy for AS management, and knowledge of "phytochemical-microbiota-biotransformation" may be a breakthrough in the search for novel anti-atherogenic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Bingyong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qiuxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shumao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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137
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Conner AA, David D, Yim EKF. The Effects of Biomimetic Surface Topography on Vascular Cells: Implications for Vascular Conduits. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400335. [PMID: 38935920 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide and represent a pressing clinical need. Vascular occlusions are the predominant cause of CVD and necessitate surgical interventions such as bypass graft surgery to replace the damaged or obstructed blood vessel with a synthetic conduit. Synthetic small-diameter vascular grafts (sSDVGs) are desired to bypass blood vessels with an inner diameter <6 mm yet have limited use due to unacceptable patency rates. The incorporation of biophysical cues such as topography onto the sSDVG biointerface can be used to mimic the cellular microenvironment and improve outcomes. In this review, the utility of surface topography in sSDVG design is discussed. First, the primary challenges that sSDVGs face and the rationale for utilizing biomimetic topography are introduced. The current literature surrounding the effects of topographical cues on vascular cell behavior in vitro is reviewed, providing insight into which features are optimal for application in sSDVGs. The results of studies that have utilized topographically-enhanced sSDVGs in vivo are evaluated. Current challenges and barriers to clinical translation are discussed. Based on the wealth of evidence detailed here, substrate topography offers enormous potential to improve the outcome of sSDVGs and provide therapeutic solutions for CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail A Conner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Dency David
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Evelyn K F Yim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Center for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
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138
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Yang-Jensen KC, Jørgensen SM, Chuang CY, Davies MJ. Modification of extracellular matrix proteins by oxidants and electrophiles. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:1199-1217. [PMID: 38778764 PMCID: PMC11346434 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is critical to biological architecture and determines cellular properties, function and activity. In many situations it is highly abundant, with collagens and elastin being some of the most abundant proteins in mammals. The ECM comprises of multiple different protein species and sugar polymers, with both different isoforms and post-translational modifications (PTMs) providing a large variety of microenvironments that play a key role in determining tissue structure and health. A number of the PTMs (e.g. cross-links) present in the ECM are critical to integrity and function, whereas others are deleterious to both ECM structure and associated cells. Modifications induced by reactive oxidants and electrophiles have been reported to accumulate in some ECM with increasing age. This accumulation can be exacerbated by disease, and in particular those associated with acute or chronic inflammation, obesity and diabetes. This is likely to be due to higher fluxes of modifying agents in these conditions. In this focused review, the role and effects of oxidants and other electrophiles on ECM are discussed, with a particular focus on the artery wall and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Modifications generated on ECM components are reviewed, together with the effects of these species on cellular properties including adhesion, proliferation, migration, viability, metabolic activity, gene expression and phenotype. Increasing data indicates that ECM modifications are both prevalent in human and mammalian tissues and play an important role in disease development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen C. Yang-Jensen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara M. Jørgensen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christine Y. Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael J. Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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139
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Han GM, Liu B, Wang CY, Wang DX, Li QN, Cai QL, Kong DM. Diagnosis and Vulnerability Risk Assessment of Atherosclerotic Plaques Using an Amino Acid-Assembled Near-Infrared Ratiometric Nanoprobe. Anal Chem 2024; 96:10380-10390. [PMID: 38860916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
To reduce the risk of atherosclerotic disease, it is necessary to not only diagnose the presence of atherosclerotic plaques but also assess the vulnerability risk of plaques. Accurate detection of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level at plaque sites represents a reliable way to assess the plaque vulnerability. Herein, through a simple one-pot reaction, two near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dyes, one is ROS responsive and the other is inert to ROS, are coassembled in an amphiphilic amino acid-assembled nanoparticle. In the prepared NIR fluorescent amino acid nanoparticle (named FANP), the fluorescent properties and ROS-responsive behaviors of the two fluorescent dyes are well maintained. Surface camouflage through red blood cell membrane (RBCM) encapsulation endows the finally obtained FANP@RBCM nanoprobe with not only further reduced cytotoxicity and improved biocompatibility but also increased immune escape capability, prolonged blood circulation time, and thus enhanced accumulation at atherosclerotic plaque sites. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that FANP@RBCM not only works well in probing the occurrence of atherosclerotic plaques but also enables plaque vulnerability assessment through the accurate detection of the ROS level at plaque sites in a reliable ratiometric mode, thereby holding great promise as a versatile tool for the diagnosis and risk assessment of atherosclerotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Mei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu Normal University, Jinan 250200, P. R. China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Yu Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Dong-Xia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Qi-Liang Cai
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - De-Ming Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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Mahmoud AK, Farina JM, Awad K, Ali NB, Pereyra M, Scalia IG, Abbas MT, Allam MN, Kamal MA, Abu Rmilah AA, Chao CJ, Timothy B, Alsidawi S, Lester SJ, Pollack PM, Alkhouli MA, Lee KS, Yang EH, Lee RW, Sweeney JP, Fortuin DF, Ayoub C, Arsanjani R. Lipoprotein(a) and Long-term In-stent Restenosis after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2024:zwae212. [PMID: 38916491 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwae212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
AIM Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] has demonstrated its association with atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. However, its role in the development of in-stent restenosis (ISR) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is not clearly established. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between Lp(a) and ISR. METHODS A retrospective study of adult patients who underwent successful PCI between January 2006 and December 2017 at the three Mayo Clinic sites and had a preprocedural Lp(a) measurement was conducted. Patients were divided into two groups according to the serum Lp(a) concentration (high Lp(a) ≥50 mg/dl and low Lp(a) <50 mg/dl). Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to compare risk of ISR between patients with high Lp(a) versus those with low Lp(a). RESULTS A total of 1209 patients were included, with mean age 65.9 ±11.7 years and 71.8% were male. Median follow-up after baseline PCI was 8.8 (IQR 7.4) years. Restenosis was observed in 162 (13.4%) patients. Median serum levels of Lp(a) were significantly higher in patients affected by ISR versus non-affected cases: 27 (IQR 73.8) vs. 20 (IQR 57.5) mg/dL, p=0.008. The rate of ISR was significantly higher among patients with high Lp(a) versus patients with low Lp(a) values (17.0% vs 11.6%, p=0.010). High Lp(a) values were independently associated with ISR events (HR 1.67, 95%CI 1.18 to 2.37, p=0.004), and this association was more prominent after the first year following the PCI. CONCLUSION Lipoprotein(a) is an independent predictor for long-term in-stent restenosis and should be considered in the evaluation of patients undergoing PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed K Mahmoud
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Juan M Farina
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Kamal Awad
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Nima Baba Ali
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Milagros Pereyra
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Isabel G Scalia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Mohamed N Allam
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Moaz A Kamal
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Anan A Abu Rmilah
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Chieh-Ju Chao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Barry Timothy
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Said Alsidawi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Steven J Lester
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Peter M Pollack
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Mohamed A Alkhouli
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kwan S Lee
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Eric H Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Richard W Lee
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - John P Sweeney
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - David F Fortuin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Chadi Ayoub
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Reza Arsanjani
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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141
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Wang X, Chen S, Yu C, Lu R, Sun Y, Guan Z, Gao Y. Secreted frizzled-related protein 5 overexpression reverses oxLDL-induced lipid accumulation in human vascular smooth muscle cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2024; 88:776-783. [PMID: 38714325 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbae053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is the major cause of multiple cardiovascular diseases. In addition, the lipid accumulation of human vascular smooth muscle cells (HVSMCs) can cause the occurrence of AS. Secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (Sfrp5) was known to be downregulated in AS; however, the detailed function of Sfrp5 in HVSMCs remains unclear. Specifically, we found that Sfrp5 expression in oxLDL-treated HVSMCs was downregulated. Sfrp5 overexpression inhibited the viability of HVSMCs induced by oxLDL. In addition, oxLDL-induced proliferation and migration in HVSMCs were abolished by Sfrp5 overexpression. Sfrp5 overexpression reduced oxLDL-caused oxidative stress, lipid accumulation, and inflammation in HVSMCs. Meanwhile, oxLDL treatment increased the expressions of Wnt5a, c-Myc, and β-catenin in HVSMCs, while this phenomenon was rescued by Sfrp5 overexpression. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of Sfrp5 upregulation on the viability and migration of HVSMCs was reversed by R-spondin 1. These results indicate that Sfrp5 overexpression could reverse oxLDL-induced lipid accumulation in HVSMCs through inactivating Wnt5a/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Lipoproteins, LDL/metabolism
- Lipoproteins, LDL/pharmacology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Wnt-5a Protein/metabolism
- Wnt-5a Protein/genetics
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Lipid Metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Oxidative Stress
- beta Catenin/metabolism
- beta Catenin/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogao Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Shiyuan Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Chaowen Yu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Ran Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Zeyu Guan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
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142
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La Chica Lhoëst MT, Martinez A, Claudi L, Garcia E, Benitez-Amaro A, Polishchuk A, Piñero J, Vilades D, Guerra JM, Sanz F, Rotllan N, Escolà-Gil JC, Llorente-Cortés V. Mechanisms modulating foam cell formation in the arterial intima: exploring new therapeutic opportunities in atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1381520. [PMID: 38952543 PMCID: PMC11215187 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1381520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the role of macrophages as the primary cell type contributing to foam cell formation and atheroma plaque development has been widely acknowledged. However, it has been long recognized that diffuse intimal thickening (DIM), which precedes the formation of early fatty streaks in humans, primarily consists of lipid-loaded smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and their secreted proteoglycans. Recent studies have further supported the notion that SMCs constitute the majority of foam cells in advanced atherosclerotic plaques. Given that SMCs are a major component of the vascular wall, they serve as a significant source of microvesicles and exosomes, which have the potential to regulate the physiology of other vascular cells. Notably, more than half of the foam cells present in atherosclerotic lesions are of SMC origin. In this review, we describe several mechanisms underlying the formation of intimal foam-like cells in atherosclerotic plaques. Based on these mechanisms, we discuss novel therapeutic approaches that have been developed to regulate the generation of intimal foam-like cells. These innovative strategies hold promise for improving the management of atherosclerosis in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. T. La Chica Lhoëst
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cardiovascular, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A. Martinez
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cardiovascular, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
| | - L. Claudi
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cardiovascular, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
| | - E. Garcia
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cardiovascular, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A. Benitez-Amaro
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cardiovascular, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A. Polishchuk
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cardiovascular, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J. Piñero
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences (DCEXS), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - D. Vilades
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-SANTPAU), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cardiovascular, CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - J. M. Guerra
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-SANTPAU), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cardiovascular, CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - F. Sanz
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences (DCEXS), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - N. Rotllan
- Department of Cardiovascular, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cardiovascular, CIBERDEM, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - J. C. Escolà-Gil
- Department of Cardiovascular, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cardiovascular, CIBERDEM, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - V. Llorente-Cortés
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cardiovascular, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cardiovascular, CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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143
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He L, Yang Z, Wang Y, Chen W, Diao L, Wang Y, Yuan W, Li X, Zhang Y, He Y, Shen E. A deep learning algorithm to identify carotid plaques and assess their stability. Front Artif Intell 2024; 7:1321884. [PMID: 38952409 PMCID: PMC11215125 DOI: 10.3389/frai.2024.1321884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Carotid plaques are major risk factors for stroke. Carotid ultrasound can help to assess the risk and incidence rate of stroke. However, large-scale carotid artery screening is time-consuming and laborious, the diagnostic results inevitably involve the subjectivity of the diagnostician to a certain extent. Deep learning demonstrates the ability to solve the aforementioned challenges. Thus, we attempted to develop an automated algorithm to provide a more consistent and objective diagnostic method and to identify the presence and stability of carotid plaques using deep learning. Methods A total of 3,860 ultrasound images from 1,339 participants who underwent carotid plaque assessment between January 2021 and March 2023 at the Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital were divided into a 4:1 ratio for training and internal testing. The external test included 1,564 ultrasound images from 674 participants who underwent carotid plaque assessment between January 2022 and May 2023 at Xinhua Hospital affiliated with Dalian University. Deep learning algorithms, based on the fusion of a bilinear convolutional neural network with a residual neural network (BCNN-ResNet), were used for modeling to detect carotid plaques and assess plaque stability. We chose AUC as the main evaluation index, along with accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity as auxiliary evaluation indices. Results Modeling for detecting carotid plaques involved training and internal testing on 1,291 ultrasound images, with 617 images showing plaques and 674 without plaques. The external test comprised 470 ultrasound images, including 321 images with plaques and 149 without. Modeling for assessing plaque stability involved training and internal testing on 764 ultrasound images, consisting of 494 images with unstable plaques and 270 with stable plaques. The external test was composed of 279 ultrasound images, including 197 images with unstable plaques and 82 with stable plaques. For the task of identifying the presence of carotid plaques, our model achieved an AUC of 0.989 (95% CI: 0.840, 0.998) with a sensitivity of 93.2% and a specificity of 99.21% on the internal test. On the external test, the AUC was 0.951 (95% CI: 0.962, 0.939) with a sensitivity of 95.3% and a specificity of 82.24%. For the task of identifying the stability of carotid plaques, our model achieved an AUC of 0.896 (95% CI: 0.865, 0.922) on the internal test with a sensitivity of 81.63% and a specificity of 87.27%. On the external test, the AUC was 0.854 (95% CI: 0.889, 0.830) with a sensitivity of 68.52% and a specificity of 89.49%. Conclusion Deep learning using BCNN-ResNet algorithms based on routine ultrasound images could be useful for detecting carotid plaques and assessing plaque instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan He
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Shanghai Eighth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Yitong Wang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Caohejing Street Community Health Service Centre, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Yongming He
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - E. Shen
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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144
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Tan M, Wang J, Chen Z, Xie X. Exploring global research trends in Chinese medicine for atherosclerosis: a bibliometric study 2012-2023. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1400130. [PMID: 38952541 PMCID: PMC11216286 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1400130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background While Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) boasts an extensive historical lineage and abundant clinical expertise in addressing atherosclerosis, this field is yet to be penetrated adequately by bibliometric studies. This study is envisaged to evaluate the contemporary scenario of TCM in conjunction with atherosclerosis over the preceding decade while also identifying forthcoming research trends and emerging topics via the lens of bibliometric analysis. Methods Literature pertaining to TCM and atherosclerosis, circulated between January 1, 2012 and November 14, 2023, was garnered for the purpose of this research. The examination embraced annual publications, primary countries/regions, engaged institutions and authors, scholarly journals, references, and keywords, utilizing analytical tools like Bibliometrix, CiteSpace, ScimagoGraphica, and VOSviewer present in the R package. Result This field boasts a total of 1,623 scholarly articles, the majority of which have been contributed by China in this field, with significant contributions stemming from the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Moreover, this field has received financial support from both the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the National Key Basic Research Development Program. Wang Yong tops the list in terms of publication count, while Xu Hao's articles take the lead for the total number of citations, positioning them at the core of the authors' collaborative network. The Journal of Ethnopharmacology leads with the most publications and boasts the greatest total number of citations. Principal research foci within the intersection of Chinese Medicine and Atherosclerosis encompass disease characteristics and pathogenic mechanisms, theoretical underpinnings and syndrome-specific treatments in Chinese medicine, potentialities of herbal interventions, and modulation exerted by Chinese medicines on gut microbiota. Conclusion This analysis offers a sweeping survey of the contemporary condition, principal foci, and progressive trends in worldwide research related to Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and atherosclerosis. It further delves into an in-depth dissection of prominent countries, research institutions, and scholars that have made noteworthy strides in this discipline. Additionally, the report analyzes the most cited articles, research developments, and hotspots in the field, providing a reference for future research directions for clinical researchers and practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moye Tan
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jiuyuan Wang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zhengxin Chen
- College of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuejiao Xie
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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145
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Canale P, Borghini A. Mitochondrial microRNAs: New Emerging Players in Vascular Senescence and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6620. [PMID: 38928325 PMCID: PMC11204228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play an important role by controlling gene expression in the cytoplasm in almost all biological pathways. Recently, scientists discovered that miRNAs are also found within mitochondria, the energy-producing organelles of cells. These mitochondrial miRNAs, known as mitomiRs, can originate from the nuclear or mitochondrial genome, and they are pivotal in controlling mitochondrial function and metabolism. New insights indicate that mitomiRs may influence key aspects of the onset and progression of cardiovascular disease, especially concerning mitochondrial function and metabolic regulation. While the importance of mitochondria in cardiovascular health and disease is well-established, our understanding of mitomiRs' specific functions in crucial biological pathways, including energy metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death, is still in its early stages. Through this review, we aimed to delve into the mechanisms of mitomiR generation and their impacts on mitochondrial metabolic pathways within the context of vascular cell aging and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The relatively unexplored field of mitomiR biology holds promise for future research investigations, with the potential to yield novel diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Canale
- Health Science Interdisciplinary Center, Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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146
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Ritson M, Wheeler-Jones CPD, Stolp HB. Endothelial dysfunction in neurodegenerative disease: Is endothelial inflammation an overlooked druggable target? J Neuroimmunol 2024; 391:578363. [PMID: 38728929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Neurological diseases with a neurodegenerative component have been associated with alterations in the cerebrovasculature. At the anatomical level, these are centred around changes in cerebral blood flow and vessel organisation. At the molecular level, there is extensive expression of cellular adhesion molecules and increased release of pro-inflammatory mediators. Together, these has been found to negatively impact blood-brain barrier integrity. Systemic inflammation has been found to accelerate and exacerbate endothelial dysfunction, neuroinflammation and degeneration. Here, we review the role of cerebrovasculature dysfunction in neurodegenerative disease and discuss the potential contribution of intermittent pro-inflammatory systemic disease in causing endothelial pathology, highlighting a possible mechanism that may allow broad-spectrum therapeutic targeting in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Ritson
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | | | - Helen B Stolp
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK.
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147
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Yang B, Hang S, Xu S, Gao Y, Yu W, Zang G, Zhang L, Wang Z. Macrophage polarisation and inflammatory mechanisms in atherosclerosis: Implications for prevention and treatment. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32073. [PMID: 38873669 PMCID: PMC11170185 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterised by plaque accumulation in the arteries. Macrophages are immune cells that are crucial in the development of atherosclerosis. Macrophages can adopt different phenotypes, with the M1 phenotype promoting inflammation while the M2 phenotype counteracting it. This review focuses on the factors that drive the polarisation of M1 macrophages towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype during AS. Additionally, we explored metabolic reprogramming mechanisms and cytokines secretion by M1 macrophages. Hyperlipidaemia is widely recognised as a major risk factor for atherosclerosis. Modified lipoproteins released in the presence of hyperlipidaemia can trigger the release of cytokines and recruit circulating monocytes, which adhere to the damaged endothelium and differentiate into macrophages. Macrophages engulf lipids, leading to the formation of foam cells. As atherosclerosis progresses, foam cells become the necrotic core within the atherosclerotic plaques, destabilising them and triggering ischaemic disease. Furthermore, we discuss recent research focusing on targeting macrophages or inflammatory pathways for preventive or therapeutic purposes. These include statins, PCSK9 inhibitors, and promising nanotargeted drugs. These new developments hold the potential for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis and its related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Sanhua Hang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Danyang, 212300, China
| | - Siting Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Yun Gao
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Wenhua Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Guangyao Zang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Zhongqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
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148
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Wu S, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Zhang Z. Therapeutic Potentials of Medicinal Leech in Chinese Medicine. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2024; 52:1027-1051. [PMID: 38879745 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x24500423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
The use of medicinal leeches in clinical therapy has been employed for a long time, as it was originally recognized for exerting antithrombin effects. These effects were due to the ability of the leech to continuously suck blood while attached to human skin. According to Chinese Pharmacopoei, leeches used in traditional Chinese medicine mainly consist of Whitmania pigra Whitman, Hirudo nipponia Whitman, and Whitmania acranulata, but the latter two species are relatively scarce. The main constituents of leeches are protein and peptide macromolecules. They can be categorized into two categories based on their pharmacological effects. One group consists of active ingredients that directly target the coagulation system, such as hirudin, heparin, and histamine, which are widely known. The other group comprises protease inhibitor components like Decorsin and Hementin. Among these, hirudin secreted by the salivary glands of the leech is the most potent thrombin inhibitor and served as the sole remedy for preventing blood clotting until the discovery of heparin. Additionally, leeches play a significant role in various traditional Chinese medicine formulations. In recent decades, medicinal leeches have been applied in fields including anti-inflammatory treatment, cardiovascular disease management, antitumor treatment, and many other medical conditions. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the historical journey and medicinal applications of leeches in various medical conditions, emphasizing their pharmaceutical significance within traditional Chinese medicine. This review offers valuable insights for exploring additional therapeutic opportunities involving the use of leeches in various diseases and elucidating their underlying mechanisms for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Wu
- Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University Changsha, Hunan 410013, P. R. China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha 410008, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Interdisciplinary Science of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P. R. China
| | - Yaya Zhou
- Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University Changsha, Hunan 410013, P. R. China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha 410008, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Interdisciplinary Science of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha 410008, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Interdisciplinary Science of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P. R. China
| | - Zuping Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University Changsha, Hunan 410013, P. R. China
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Fernández-Gallego N, Castillo-González R, Moreno-Serna L, García-Cívico AJ, Sánchez-Martínez E, López-Sanz C, Fontes AL, Pimentel LL, Gradillas A, Obeso D, Neuhaus R, Ramírez-Huesca M, Ruiz-Fernández I, Nuñez-Borque E, Carrasco YR, Ibáñez B, Martín P, Blanco C, Barbas C, Barber D, Rodríguez-Alcalá LM, Villaseñor A, Esteban V, Sánchez-Madrid F, Jiménez-Saiz R. Allergic inflammation triggers dyslipidemia via IgG signalling. Allergy 2024. [PMID: 38864116 DOI: 10.1111/all.16187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic diseases begin early in life and are often chronic, thus creating an inflammatory environment that may precede or exacerbate other pathologies. In this regard, allergy has been associated to metabolic disorders and with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease, but the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. METHODS We used a murine model of allergy and atherosclerosis, different diets and sensitization methods, and cell-depleting strategies to ascertain the contribution of acute and late phase inflammation to dyslipidemia. Untargeted lipidomic analyses were applied to define the lipid fingerprint of allergic inflammation at different phases of allergic pathology. Expression of genes related to lipid metabolism was assessed in liver and adipose tissue at different times post-allergen challenge. Also, changes in serum triglycerides (TGs) were evaluated in a group of 59 patients ≥14 days after the onset of an allergic reaction. RESULTS We found that allergic inflammation induces a unique lipid signature that is characterized by increased serum TGs and changes in the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in liver and adipose tissue. Alterations in blood TGs following an allergic reaction are independent of T-cell-driven late phase inflammation. On the contrary, the IgG-mediated alternative pathway of anaphylaxis is sufficient to induce a TG increase and a unique lipid profile. Lastly, we demonstrated an increase in serum TGs in 59 patients after undergoing an allergic reaction. CONCLUSION Overall, this study reveals that IgG-mediated allergic inflammation regulates lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Fernández-Gallego
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Castillo-González
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Moreno-Serna
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio J García-Cívico
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Sánchez-Martínez
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Celia López-Sanz
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Luiza Fontes
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lígia L Pimentel
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Gradillas
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Obeso
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - René Neuhaus
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Emilio Nuñez-Borque
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda R Carrasco
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja Ibáñez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Martín
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Blanco
- Department of Allergy, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Domingo Barber
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M Rodríguez-Alcalá
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alma Villaseñor
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanesa Esteban
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedicine, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Jiménez-Saiz
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC), Schroeder Allergy and Immunology Research Institute (SAIRI), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), Madrid, Spain
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Bai X, Wang S, Shu L, Cao Q, Hu H, Zhu Y, Chen C. Hawthorn leaf flavonoids alleviate the deterioration of atherosclerosis by inhibiting SCAP-SREBP2-LDLR pathway through sPLA2-ⅡA signaling in macrophages in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 327:118006. [PMID: 38442806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hawthorn leaves are a combination of the dried leaves of the Rosaceae plants, i.e., Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. or Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. var. major N. E. Br., is primarily cultivated in East Asia, North America, and Europe. hawthorn leaf flavonoids (HLF) are the main part of extraction. The HLF have demonstrated potential in preventing hypertension, inflammation, hyperlipidemia, and atherosclerosis. However, the potential pharmacological mechanism behind its anti-atherosclerotic effect has yet to be explored. AIM OF THE STUDY The in vivo and in vitro effects of HLF on lipid-mediated foam cell formation were investigated, with a specific focus on the levels of secreted phospholipase A2 type IIA (sPLA2-II A) in macrophage cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The primary constituents of HLF were analyzed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In vivo, HLF, at concentrations of 5 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, and 40 mg/kg, were administered to apolipoprotein E knockout mice (ApoE-/-) fed by high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks. Aorta and serum samples were collected to identify lesion areas and lipids through mass spectrometry analysis to dissect the pathological process. RAW264.7 cells were incubated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) alone, or ox-LDL combined with different doses of HLF (100, 50, and 25 μg/ml), or ox-LDL plus 24-h sPLA2-IIA inhibitors, for cell biology analysis. Lipids and inflammatory cytokines were detected using biochemical analyzers and ELISA, while plaque size and collagen content of plaque were assessed by HE and the Masson staining of the aorta. The lipid deposition in macrophages was observed by Oil Red O staining. The expression of sPLA2-IIA and SCAP-SREBP2-LDLR was determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis. RESULTS The chemical profile of HLF was studied using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS, allowing the tentative identification of 20 compounds, comprising 1 phenolic acid, 9 flavonols and 10 flavones, including isovitexin, vitexin-4″-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-robibioside, rutin, vitexin-2″-O-rhamnoside, quercetin, etc. HLF decreased total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) levels in ApoE-/- mice (P < 0.05), reduced ox-LDL uptake, inhibited level of inflammatory factors, such as IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-1ꞵ (P < 0.001), and alleviated aortic plaques with a thicker fibrous cap. HLF effectively attenuated foam cell formation in ox-LDL-treated RAW264.7 macrophages, and reduced levels of intracellular TC, free cholesterol (FC), cholesteryl ester (CE), IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β (P < 0.001). In both in vivo and in vitro experiments, HLF significantly downregulated the expression of sPLA2-IIA, SCAP, SREBP2, LDLR, HMGCR, and LOX-1 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, sPLA2-IIA inhibitor effectively mitigated inflammatory release in RAW264.7 macrophages and regulated SCAP-SREBP2-LDLR signaling pathway by inhibiting sPLA2-IIA secretion (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION HLF exerted a protective effect against atherosclerosis through inhibiting sPLA2-IIA to diminish SCAP-SREBP2-LDLR signaling pathway, to reduce LDL uptake caused foam cell formation, and to slow down the progression of atherosclerosis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Bai
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Shuwen Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Limei Shu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Qingyu Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330052, China
| | - Huiming Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330052, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Quality Evaluation on Anti-Inflammatory Chinese Herbs, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi, 330052, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.
| | - Yanchen Zhu
- College of Computer Science, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China.
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.
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