101
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Seasonality modulates the direct and indirect influences of forest cover on larval anopheline assemblages in western Amazônia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12721. [PMID: 34135444 PMCID: PMC8208974 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92217-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Serious concerns have arisen regarding urbanization processes in western Amazônia, which result in the creation of artificial habitats, promoting the colonization of malaria vectors. We used structural equation modelling to investigate direct and indirect effects of forest cover on larval habitats and anopheline assemblages in different seasons. We found 3474 larvae in the dry season and 6603 in the rainy season, totalling ten species and confirming the presence of malaria vectors across all sites. Forest cover had direct and indirect (through limnological variables) effects on the composition of larval anopheline assemblages in the rainy season. However, during the dry season, forest cover directly affected larval distribution and habitat variables (with no indirect affects). Additionally, artificial larval habitats promote ideal conditions for malaria vectors in Amazonia, mainly during the rainy season, with positive consequences for anopheline assemblages. Therefore, the application of integrated management can be carried out during both seasons. However, we suggest that the dry season is the optimal time because larval habitats are more limited, smaller in volume and more accessible for applying vector control techniques.
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102
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Kittelberger KD, Neate-Clegg MHC, Blount JD, Posa MRC, McLaughlin J, Şekercioğlu ÇH. Biological Correlates of Extinction Risk in Resident Philippine Avifauna. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.664764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of the world’s biodiversity occurs in the tropics, but human actions in these regions have precipitated an extinction crisis due to habitat degradation, overexploitation, and climate change. Understanding which ecological, biogeographical, and life-history traits predict extinction risk is critical for conserving species. The Philippines is a hotspot of biodiversity and endemism, but it is a region that also suffers from an extremely high level of deforestation, habitat degradation, and wildlife exploitation. We investigated the biological correlates of extinction risk based on the IUCN Red List threat status among resident Philippine birds using a broad range of ecological, biogeographical, and life history traits previously identified as correlates of extinction risk in birds. We found strong support across competing models for endemism, narrower elevational ranges, high forest dependency, and larger body size as correlates significantly associated with extinction risk. Additionally, we compared observed threat status with threat status fitted by our model, finding fourteen species that are not currently recognized by the IUCN Red List as threatened that may be more threatened than currently believed and therefore warrant heightened conservation focus, and predicted threat statuses for the four Philippine Data Deficient bird species. We also assessed species described in recent taxonomic splits that are recognized by BirdLife International, finding 12 species that have a fitted threat status more severe than their IUCN-designated ones. Our findings provide a framework for avian conservation efforts to identify birds with specific biological correlates that increase a species’ vulnerability to extinction both in the Philippine Archipelago and elsewhere on other tropical islands.
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103
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Woodhead AJ, Graham NAJ, Robinson JPW, Norström AV, Bodin N, Marie S, Balett M, Hicks CC. Fishers perceptions of ecosystem service change associated with climate‐disturbed coral reefs. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna J. Woodhead
- Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Lancaster UK
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity University of York York UK
- Department of Environment and Geography University of York York UK
| | | | | | - Albert V. Norström
- Stockholm Resilience Centre Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
- Global Resilience Partnership Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Nathalie Bodin
- Seychelles Fishing Authority Victoria Seychelles
- Sustainable Ocean Seychelles BeauBelle Seychelles
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104
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Macieira RM, Oliveira LAS, Cardozo-Ferreira GC, Pimentel CR, Andrades R, Gasparini JL, Sarti F, Chelazzi D, Cincinelli A, Gomes LC, Giarrizzo T. Microplastic and artificial cellulose microfibers ingestion by reef fishes in the Guarapari Islands, southwestern Atlantic. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 167:112371. [PMID: 33962257 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the ingestion of microplastics and artificial cellulose particles by 103 specimens belonging to 21 reef fish species from the southwestern Atlantic. Specimens of six species had ingested microplastics and artificial cellulose particles, while those of another three species had ingested only one type of material. In our samples, man-made cellulose fibers were more common than microplastics. The tomtate grunt, Haemulon aurolineatum, ingested more particles than any of the other species. Overall, transparent particles were predominant, and polyamide was the most common plastic material. Household sewage, fishery activity, and navigation appear to be the principal sources of the artificial particles ingested by the reef fishes. Our results provide an important database on oceanic contamination by microplastics and artificial cellulose particles. Understanding this impact on tropical reef fish will contribute to the development of strategies to mitigate pollution by anthropogenic debris in reef systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael M Macieira
- Laboratório de Ictiologia, Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Goiabeiras, Vitória, Espírito Santo 29.075-910, Brazil.
| | - Leticia Aparecida Silva Oliveira
- Complexo Biopráticas, Universidade Vila Velha, Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo 21, Boa Vista, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo 29.102-770, Brazil
| | - Gabriel C Cardozo-Ferreira
- Laboratório de Ictiologia, Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Goiabeiras, Vitória, Espírito Santo 29.075-910, Brazil
| | - Caio Ribeiro Pimentel
- Laboratório de Ictiologia, Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Goiabeiras, Vitória, Espírito Santo 29.075-910, Brazil
| | - Ryan Andrades
- Laboratório de Ictiologia, Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Goiabeiras, Vitória, Espírito Santo 29.075-910, Brazil
| | - João Luiz Gasparini
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade (NUPEM), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro 27.910-970, Brazil
| | - Francesco Sarti
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - David Chelazzi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cincinelli
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Levy Carvalho Gomes
- Complexo Biopráticas, Universidade Vila Velha, Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo 21, Boa Vista, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo 29.102-770, Brazil
| | - Tommaso Giarrizzo
- Núcleo de Ecologia Aquática e Pesca da Amazônia (NEAP), Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Perimetral 2651, Terra Firme, Belém, Pará 66.077-830, Brazil
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105
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Razanatsoa E, Andriantsaralaza S, Holmes SM, Rakotonarivo OS, Ratsifandrihamanana AN, Randriamiharisoa L, Ravaloharimanitra M, Ramahefamanana N, Tahirinirainy D, Raharimampionona J. Fostering local involvement for biodiversity conservation in tropical regions: Lessons from Madagascar during the COVID-19 pandemic. Biotropica 2021; 53:994-1003. [PMID: 34219750 PMCID: PMC8239783 DOI: 10.1111/btp.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tropical ecosystems host a large proportion of global biodiversity and directly support the livelihoods of many of the world's poorest, and often marginalized, people through ecosystem goods and services and conservation employment. The coronavirus pandemic has challenged existing conservation structures and management but provides an opportunity to re-examine strategies and research approaches across the tropics to build resilience for future crises. Based on the personal experiences of conservation leaders, managers, and researchers from Madagascar during this period, we discuss the coping strategies of multiple biodiversity conservation organizations during the coronavirus pandemic. We highlight the vital role of local communities in building and maintaining resilient conservation practices that are robust to global disruptions such as the COVID-19 crisis. We argue that the integration of local experts and communities in conservation, research, and financial decision-making is essential to a strong foundation for biodiversity conservation in developing countries to stand up to future environmental, political, and health crises. This integration could be achieved through the support of training and capacity building of local researchers and community members and these actions would also enhance the development of strong, equitable long-term collaborations with international communities. Equipped with such capacity, conservationists and researchers from these regions could establish long-term biodiversity conservation strategies that are adapted to local context, and communities could flexibly balance biodiversity and livelihood needs as circumstances change, including weathering the isolation and financial challenges of local or global crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Razanatsoa
- Plant Conservation Unit Department of Biological Sciences University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
| | - Seheno Andriantsaralaza
- Department of Plant Sciences Faculty of Sciences University of Antananarivo Antananarivo Madagascar.,Lemur Love Inc. San Diego CA USA
| | - Sheila M Holmes
- Department of Wildlife Fish and Environmental Studies Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
| | - O Sarobidy Rakotonarivo
- École Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques Université d'Antananarivo Antananarivo Madagascar
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106
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Millard J, Outhwaite CL, Kinnersley R, Freeman R, Gregory RD, Adedoja O, Gavini S, Kioko E, Kuhlmann M, Ollerton J, Ren ZX, Newbold T. Global effects of land-use intensity on local pollinator biodiversity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2902. [PMID: 34006837 PMCID: PMC8131357 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23228-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pollinating species are in decline globally, with land use an important driver. However, most of the evidence on which these claims are made is patchy, based on studies with low taxonomic and geographic representativeness. Here, we model the effect of land-use type and intensity on global pollinator biodiversity, using a local-scale database covering 303 studies, 12,170 sites, and 4502 pollinating species. Relative to a primary vegetation baseline, we show that low levels of intensity can have beneficial effects on pollinator biodiversity. Within most anthropogenic land-use types however, increasing intensity is associated with significant reductions, particularly in urban (43% richness and 62% abundance reduction compared to the least intensive urban sites), and pasture (75% abundance reduction) areas. We further show that on cropland, the strongly negative response to intensity is restricted to tropical areas, and that the direction and magnitude of response differs among taxonomic groups. Our findings confirm widespread effects of land-use intensity on pollinators, most significantly in the tropics, where land use is predicted to change rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Millard
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom ,grid.20419.3e0000 0001 2242 7273Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte L. Outhwaite
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robyn Kinnersley
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Freeman
- grid.20419.3e0000 0001 2242 7273Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard D. Gregory
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom ,grid.421630.20000 0001 2110 3189RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, RSPB, The Lodge, Sandy, United Kingdom
| | - Opeyemi Adedoja
- grid.411921.e0000 0001 0177 134XDepartment of Conservation and Marine Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sabrina Gavini
- grid.412234.20000 0001 2112 473XINIBIOMA, CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Rio Negro, Argentina
| | - Esther Kioko
- grid.425505.30000 0001 1457 1451Zoology Department, National Museums of Kenya (NMK), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Michael Kuhlmann
- grid.9764.c0000 0001 2153 9986Zoological Museum, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany ,grid.35937.3b0000 0001 2270 9879Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeff Ollerton
- grid.44870.3fFaculty of Arts, Science and Technology, University of Northampton, Northampton, United Kingdom
| | - Zong-Xin Ren
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, PR China
| | - Tim Newbold
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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107
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Moi DA, Alves DC, Figueiredo BRS, Antiqueira PAP, Teixeira de Mello F, Jeppesen E, Romero GQ, Mormul RP, Bonecker CC. Non-native fishes homogenize native fish communities and reduce ecosystem multifunctionality in tropical lakes over 16 years. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 769:144524. [PMID: 33482541 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Non-native species are considered a major global threat to biodiversity, and their expansion to new ecosystems has recently increased. However, the effect of non-native species on ecosystem functioning is poorly understood, especially in hyperdiverse tropical ecosystems of which long-term studies are scarce. We analyzed the relationship between richness, biomass, and β-diversity of non-native and native fishes during 16 years in five hyperdiverse tropical shallow lakes. We further elucidated how an observed increase in the proportion of richness, biomass, and β-diversity of non-native over native fishes affect crucial multifunctional processes of lakes (decomposition, productivity). We found a general positive relationship between the richness and biomass of non-native and native fishes. However, the slope of this relationship decreased continuously with time, displaying an increase in non-native species richness and a decrease in native species richness over time. We also detected a negative relationship between the β-diversity of non-native and native fishes over time. Moreover, the increase in the non-native:native ratio of species richness, biomass, and β-diversity over time decreased ecosystem multifunctionality. Our results suggest that non-native fishes caused a homogenization of the native fish species over time, resulting in impoverishment of ecosystem multifunctionality; in part because non-native fishes are less productive than native ones. Therefore, focus on long-term effects and use of multiple biodiversity facets (α- and β-diversity) are crucial to make reliable predictions of the effects of non-native fish species on native fishes and ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieison André Moi
- Department of Biology, Graduate Program in Ecology of Inland Waters, Nupelia, University of Maringá, Jd. Universitário, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil.
| | - Diego Corrêa Alves
- Department of Biology, Graduate Program in Ecology of Inland Waters, Nupelia, University of Maringá, Jd. Universitário, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | | | - Pablo Augusto Poleto Antiqueira
- Laboratory of Multitrophic Interactions and Biodiversity, Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Franco Teixeira de Mello
- Departamento de Ecología y Gestión Ambiental CURE, Universidad de la República, Tacuarembó s/n, Maldonado, Uruguay
| | - Erik Jeppesen
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research (SDC), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Ecosystem Research and Implementation, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey; Institute of Marine Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Gustavo Quevedo Romero
- Laboratory of Multitrophic Interactions and Biodiversity, Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Roger Paulo Mormul
- Department of Biology, Graduate Program in Ecology of Inland Waters, Nupelia, University of Maringá, Jd. Universitário, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Claudia Costa Bonecker
- Department of Biology, Graduate Program in Ecology of Inland Waters, Nupelia, University of Maringá, Jd. Universitário, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil
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108
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Blackman RC, Osathanunkul M, Brantschen J, Di Muri C, Harper LR, Mächler E, Hänfling B, Altermatt F. Mapping biodiversity hotspots of fish communities in subtropical streams through environmental DNA. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10375. [PMID: 33990677 PMCID: PMC8121892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89942-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Large tropical and subtropical rivers are among the most biodiverse ecosystems worldwide, but also suffer from high anthropogenic pressures. These rivers are hitherto subject to little or no routine biomonitoring, which would be essential for identification of conservation areas of high importance. Here, we use a single environmental DNA multi-site sampling campaign across the 200,000 km2 Chao Phraya river basin, Thailand, to provide key information on fish diversity. We found a total of 108 fish taxa and identified key biodiversity patterns within the river network. By using hierarchical clustering, we grouped the fish communities of all sites across the catchment into distinct clusters. The clusters not only accurately matched the topology of the river network, but also revealed distinct groups of sites enabling informed conservation measures. Our study reveals novel opportunities of large-scale monitoring via eDNA to identify relevant areas within whole river catchments for conservation and habitat protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosetta C Blackman
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland. .,Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland. .,Research Priority Programme Global Change and Biodiversity (URPP GCB), University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Maslin Osathanunkul
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Research Centre in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jeanine Brantschen
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Di Muri
- Evolutionary and Environmental Genomics Group (EvoHull), School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Lynsey R Harper
- Evolutionary and Environmental Genomics Group (EvoHull), School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.,School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Elvira Mächler
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department for Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Hänfling
- Evolutionary and Environmental Genomics Group (EvoHull), School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Florian Altermatt
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland. .,Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland. .,Research Priority Programme Global Change and Biodiversity (URPP GCB), University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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109
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Cheng J, Li J, Zhang Z, Lu H, Chen G, Yao B, Dong Y, Ma L, Yuan X, Xu J, Zhang Y, Dai W, Yang X, Xue L, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Mauricio R, Peng G, Hu S, Valverde BE, Song X, Li Y, Stift M, Qiang S. Autopolyploidy‐driven range expansion of a temperate‐originated plant to pan‐tropic under global change. ECOL MONOGR 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiliang Cheng
- Weed Research Laboratory Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing210095China
| | - Jun Li
- Weed Research Laboratory Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing210095China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Weed Research Laboratory Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing210095China
| | - Huan Lu
- Weed Research Laboratory Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing210095China
| | - Guoqi Chen
- Weed Research Laboratory Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing210095China
| | - Beibei Yao
- Weed Research Laboratory Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing210095China
| | - Yingxue Dong
- Weed Research Laboratory Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing210095China
| | - Ling Ma
- Weed Research Laboratory Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing210095China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yuan
- Weed Research Laboratory Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing210095China
| | - Jingxuan Xu
- Weed Research Laboratory Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing210095China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Weed Research Laboratory Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing210095China
| | - Weimin Dai
- Weed Research Laboratory Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing210095China
| | - Xianghong Yang
- Weed Research Laboratory Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing210095China
| | - Lifang Xue
- Weed Research Laboratory Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing210095China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Weed Research Laboratory Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing210095China
| | - Chaobin Zhang
- Weed Research Laboratory Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing210095China
| | - Rodney Mauricio
- Department of Genetics University of Georgia Athens Georgia30602USA
| | - Gary Peng
- Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada 107 Science Place Saskatoon SaskatchewanS7N 0X2Canada
| | - Shuijin Hu
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina27695USA
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing210095China
| | - Bernal E. Valverde
- Weed Research Laboratory Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing210095China
- College of Life Sciences University of Copenhagen Taastrup Denmark
| | - Xiaoling Song
- Weed Research Laboratory Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing210095China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture College of Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut06269USA
| | - Marc Stift
- Ecology Department of Biology University of Konstanz Konstanz78457Germany
| | - Sheng Qiang
- Weed Research Laboratory Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing210095China
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110
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Ardura A, Fernandez S, Haguenauer A, Planes S, Garcia-Vazquez E. Ship-driven biopollution: How aliens transform the local ecosystem diversity in Pacific islands. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 166:112251. [PMID: 33714776 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ships moving species across the oceans mix marine communities throughout latitudes. The introduction of new species may be changing the ecosystems even in remote islands. In tropical Pacific islands where maritime traffic is principally local, eDNA metabarcoding and barcoding revealed 75 introduced species, accounting in average for 28% of the community with a minimum of 13% in the very remote Rangiroa atoll. The majority of non-native species were primary producers -from diatoms to red algae, thus the ecosystem is being transformed from the bottom. Primary producers were more shared among sites than other exotics, confirming ship-mediated dispersal in Pacific marine ecosystems. Limited alien share and an apparent saturation of aliens (similar proportion in ports of very different size) suggests the occurrence of "alien drift" in port communities, or random retention of newly introduced aliens that reminds genetic drift of new mutations in a population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Ardura
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Sara Fernandez
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Gaillimh, Ireland
| | - Anne Haguenauer
- USR3278 CRIOBE EPHE-CNRS-UPVD, 66860 Perpignan, France; Centre de Recherche Insulaire et Observatoire de l'Environnement, Moorea, French Polynesia
| | - Serge Planes
- USR3278 CRIOBE EPHE-CNRS-UPVD, 66860 Perpignan, France; Centre de Recherche Insulaire et Observatoire de l'Environnement, Moorea, French Polynesia
| | - Eva Garcia-Vazquez
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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111
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112
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Marques V, Milhau T, Albouy C, Dejean T, Manel S, Mouillot D, Juhel J. GAPeDNA: Assessing and mapping global species gaps in genetic databases for eDNA metabarcoding. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Marques
- MARBEC Univ Montpellier CNRS Ifremer IRD Montpellier France
- CEFE EPHE CNRS UM UPV IRD PSL Research University Montpellier France
| | | | - Camille Albouy
- IFREMER Unité Ecologie et Modèles pour l’Halieutique Nantes cedex 3 Nantes France
| | | | - Stéphanie Manel
- CEFE EPHE CNRS UM UPV IRD PSL Research University Montpellier France
| | - David Mouillot
- MARBEC Univ Montpellier CNRS Ifremer IRD Montpellier France
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University Townsville Qld Australia
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113
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Abstract
Tourism in protected areas was a fast-growing segment within the global travel and tourism industry prior to the economic fallout from the COVID-19 pandemic. As a development pathway, tourism generated foreign exchange for countries endowed with natural assets (protected areas, pristine landscapes, forests, oceans, wildlife), contributed to conservation revenues, and provided local development benefits for communities. However, the spread of COVID-19 and its associated travel restrictions severely impacted this sector. In this review, we describe the main challenges preventing the sector from achieving its development potential. We propose a framework to steer tourism in protected areas as a green recovery initiative, so that it may rebound sustainably and continue to support biodiversity conservation and socio-economic development.
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114
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Hinton CR, Peters VE. Plant species with the trait of continuous flowering do not hold core roles in a Neotropical lowland plant-pollinating insect network. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:2346-2359. [PMID: 33717460 PMCID: PMC7920781 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-animal interaction science repeatedly finds that plant species differ by orders of magnitude in the number of interactions they support. The identification of plant species that play key structural roles in plant-animal networks is a global conservation priority; however, in hyperdiverse systems such as tropical forests, empirical datasets are scarce. Plant species with longer reproductive seasons are posited to support more interactions compared to plant species with shorter reproductive seasons but this hypothesis has not been evaluated for plant species with the longest reproductive season possible at the individual plant level, the continuous reproductive phenology. Resource predictability is also associated with promoting specialization, and therefore, continuous reproduction may instead favor specialist interactions. Here, we use quantitative pollinating insect-plant networks constructed from countryside habitat of the Tropical Wet forest Life Zone and modularity analysis to test whether plant species that share the trait of continuous flowering hold core roles in mutualistic networks. With a few exceptions, most plant species sampled within our network were assigned to the role of peripheral. All but one network had significantly high modularity scores and each continuous flowering plant species was in a different module. Our work reveals that the continuous flowering plant species differed in some networks in their topological role, and that more evidence was found for the phenology to support specialized subsets of interactions. Our findings suggest that the conservation of Neotropical pollinating insect communities may require planting species from each module rather than identifying and conserving network hubs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea R. Hinton
- Department of Biological SciencesEastern Kentucky UniversityRichmondKYUSA
| | - Valerie E. Peters
- Department of Biological SciencesEastern Kentucky UniversityRichmondKYUSA
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115
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Ruykys L, Ta KAT, Bui TD, Vilizzi L, Copp GH. Risk screening of the potential invasiveness of non-native aquatic species in Vietnam. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02430-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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116
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Large-scale commodity agriculture exacerbates the climatic impacts of Amazonian deforestation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2023787118. [PMID: 33558246 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023787118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Amazon rainforest, land use following deforestation is diverse and dynamic. Mounting evidence indicates that the climatic impacts of forest loss can also vary considerably, depending on specific features of the affected areas. The size of the deforested patches, for instance, was shown to modulate the characteristics of local climatic impacts. Nonetheless, the influence of different types of land use and management strategies on the magnitude of local climatic changes remains uncertain. Here, we evaluated the impacts of large-scale commodity farming and rural settlements on surface temperature, rainfall patterns, and energy fluxes. Our results reveal that changes in land-atmosphere coupling are induced not only by deforestation size but also, by land use type and management patterns inside the deforested areas. We provide evidence that, in comparison with rural settlements, deforestation caused by large-scale commodity agriculture is more likely to reduce convective rainfall and increase land surface temperature. We demonstrate that these differences are mainly caused by a more intensive management of the land, resulting in significantly lower vegetation cover throughout the year, which reduces latent heat flux. Our findings indicate an urgent need for alternative agricultural practices, as well as forest restoration, for maintaining ecosystem processes and mitigating change in the local climates across the Amazon basin.
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117
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Mikołajczak K, Lees AC, Barlow J, Sinclair F, Trindade de Almeida O, Souza AC, Parry L. Who knows, who cares? Untangling ecological knowledge and nature connection among Amazonian colonist farmers. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Mikołajczak
- Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Lancaster UK
- School of Life Sciences Anglia Ruskin University Cambridge UK
| | - Alexander C. Lees
- Department of Natural Sciences Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester UK
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | - Jos Barlow
- Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Lancaster UK
- Department of Biology Federal University of Lavras Lavras Brazil
| | - Frazer Sinclair
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | | | | | - Luke Parry
- Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Lancaster UK
- Núcleo de Altos Estudos Amazônicos Federal University of Pará Belém Brazil
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118
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Romero-Muñoz A, Fandos G, Benítez-López A, Kuemmerle T. Habitat destruction and overexploitation drive widespread declines in all facets of mammalian diversity in the Gran Chaco. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:755-767. [PMID: 33258510 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Global biodiversity is under high and rising anthropogenic pressure. Yet, how the taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional facets of biodiversity are affected by different threats over time is unclear. This is particularly true for the two main drivers of the current biodiversity crisis: habitat destruction and overexploitation. We provide the first long-term assessment of multifaceted biodiversity changes caused by these threats for any tropical region. Focussing on larger mammals in South America's 1.1 million km2 Gran Chaco region, we assessed changes in multiple biodiversity facets between 1985 and 2015, determined which threats drive those changes, and identified remaining key areas for all biodiversity facets. Using habitat and threat maps, we found, first, that between 1985 and 2015 taxonomic (TD), phylogenetic (PD) and functional (FD) diversity all declined drastically across over half of the area assessed. FD declined about 50% faster than TD and PD, and these declines were mainly driven by species loss, rather than species turnover. Second, habitat destruction, hunting, and both threats together contributed ~57%, ~37%, and ~6% to overall facet declines, respectively. However, hunting pressure increased where TD and PD declined most strongly, whereas habitat destruction disproportionally contributed to FD declines. Third, just 23% of the Chaco would have to be protected to safeguard the top 17% of all three facets. Our findings uncover a widespread impoverishment of mammal species richness, evolutionary history, and ecological functions across broad areas of the Chaco due to increasing habitat destruction and hunting. Moreover, our results pinpoint key areas that should be preserved and managed to maintain all facets of mammalian diversity across the Chaco. More generally, our work highlights how long-term changes in biodiversity facets can be assessed and attributed to specific threats, to better understand human impacts on biodiversity and to guide conservation planning to mitigate them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Romero-Muñoz
- Geography Department, Humboldt-University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Fundación Cohabitar, Sucre, Bolivia
| | - Guillermo Fandos
- Geography Department, Humboldt-University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ana Benítez-López
- Integrative Ecology Group, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Tobias Kuemmerle
- Geography Department, Humboldt-University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Integrative Research Institute on Transformations of Human-Environment Systems (IRI THESys), Berlin, Germany
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119
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Berenguer E, Carvalho N, Anderson LO, Aragão LEOC, França F, Barlow J. Improving the spatial-temporal analysis of Amazonian fires. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:469-471. [PMID: 33124173 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in Amazonian fires, accompanied by a substantial increase in research in the subject. Here, we list five common misunderstandings about Amazonian climate, vegetation, fires and the deforestation process to help to support future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Berenguer
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Nathália Carvalho
- Remote Sensing Division, National Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Liana O Anderson
- Remote Sensing Division, National Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
- National Center for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz E O C Aragão
- Remote Sensing Division, National Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Filipe França
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Jos Barlow
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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120
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Firmiano KR, Castro DMP, Linares MS, Callisto M. Functional responses of aquatic invertebrates to anthropogenic stressors in riparian zones of Neotropical savanna streams. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 753:141865. [PMID: 32891996 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Riparian zones ensure freshwater ecosystem processes such as microclimate regulation, organic matter inputs, and fine substrate retention. These processes illustrate the importance of riparian zones for freshwater ecosystem functioning, maintaining biodiversity, and mitigating the effects of anthropogenic pressures on aquatic ecosystems. We aimed to determine the freshwater invertebrate biological traits that are most affected by anthropogenic stressors in the riparian zones of 210 Neotropical savanna headwater streams. We assessed % canopy cover over the streambed, % fine bottom substrate, % leaf pack, substrate heterogeneity, and water temperature. Firstly, we identified bioindicator taxa in response to each local metric gradient. We assessed the functional response, based on biological traits of bioindicators previously selected. We identified 324,015 specimens belonging to 84 freshwater invertebrate taxa. Fifty-one taxa (60%) were bioindicators of anthropogenic stressors. We found three main sets of traits. (1) a set of traits linked to increased disturbance (higher percentage of fine sediments), consisting of organisms with aquatic adult stages, spherical body shape, and long adult life stages. (2) A set of traits linked to lower disturbance (higher substrate heterogeneity), including taxa with short or very short lifespans that live attached to substrates. (3) A set of traits linked to higher water temperature, including organisms with short adult lifespans and lower body flexibility. These patterns suggest that the stressors act as environmental filters and do not act independently on single traits, but rather, selecting sets of biological traits that facilitate taxa surviving and persisting in local environmental conditions. Our results support the development of powerful evaluation tools for environmental managers and decision makers. Because degraded freshwater communities respond in similar ways across large biogeographic areas, these sets of traits can be used for ecological monitoring efforts along other tropical savanna headwaters worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kele R Firmiano
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Laboratório de Ecologia de Bentos, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, CP 486, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Capacitação Institucional (PCI), Instituto Nacional Mata Atlântica, Av. José Ruschi, Nº 4, Santa Teresa - ES - Cep: 29.650-000; Instituto de Pesquisa Jardim Botânico, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Diego M P Castro
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Laboratório de Ecologia de Bentos, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, CP 486, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Marden S Linares
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Laboratório de Ecologia de Bentos, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, CP 486, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcos Callisto
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Laboratório de Ecologia de Bentos, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, CP 486, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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121
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Pettorelli N, Barlow J, Nuñez MA, Rader R, Stephens PA, Pinfield T, Newton E. How international journals can support ecology from the Global South. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jos Barlow
- Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Lancaster UK
| | - Martin A. Nuñez
- Grupo de Ecología de Invasiones INIBIOMACONICET – Universidad Nacional del Comahue Bariloche Argentina
| | - Romina Rader
- School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New England Armidale Australia
| | - Philip A. Stephens
- Conservation Ecology Group Department of Biosciences Durham University Durham UK
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122
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Cudney-Valenzuela SJ, Arroyo-Rodríguez V, Andresen E, Toledo-Aceves T, Mora-Ardila F, Andrade-Ponce G, Mandujano S. Does patch quality drive arboreal mammal assemblages in fragmented rainforests? Perspect Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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123
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Flores BM, Sá Dechoum M, Schmidt IB, Hirota M, Abrahão A, Verona L, Pecoral LLF, Cure MB, Giles AL, Britto Costa P, Pamplona MB, Mazzochini GG, Groenendijk P, Minski GL, Wolfsdorf G, Sampaio AB, Piccolo F, Melo L, Fiacador de Lima R, Oliveira RS. Tropical riparian forests in danger from large savanna wildfires. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo M. Flores
- Department of Plant Biology University of Campinas Campinas Brazil
- Graduate Program in Ecology Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis Brazil
| | - Michele Sá Dechoum
- Graduate Program in Ecology Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis Brazil
- Department of Ecology and Zoology Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis Brazil
| | | | - Marina Hirota
- Department of Plant Biology University of Campinas Campinas Brazil
- Graduate Program in Ecology Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis Brazil
- Department of Physics Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis Brazil
| | - Anna Abrahão
- Department of Plant Biology University of Campinas Campinas Brazil
- Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation University of Hohenheim Stuttgart Germany
| | - Larissa Verona
- Department of Plant Biology University of Campinas Campinas Brazil
| | | | - Marcio B. Cure
- Graduate Program in Ecology Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis Brazil
| | - André L. Giles
- Department of Plant Biology University of Campinas Campinas Brazil
- Graduate Program in Ecology University of Campinas Campinas Brazil
| | - Patrícia Britto Costa
- Department of Plant Biology University of Campinas Campinas Brazil
- School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia
- Graduate Program in Plant Biology University of Campinas Campinas Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Géssica L. Minski
- Graduate Program in Ecology Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis Brazil
| | - Gabriel Wolfsdorf
- Department of Plant Biology University of Campinas Campinas Brazil
- Graduate Program in Ecology University of Campinas Campinas Brazil
| | - Alexandre B. Sampaio
- National Centre for Biodiversity Assessment and Research and Conservation of the Brazilian CerradoChico Mendes Institute for Biological Conservation Brasilia Brazil
| | - Fernanda Piccolo
- Department of Plant Biology University of Campinas Campinas Brazil
| | - Lorena Melo
- Department of Plant Biology University of Campinas Campinas Brazil
| | | | - Rafael S. Oliveira
- Department of Plant Biology University of Campinas Campinas Brazil
- School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia
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124
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Christie AP, Abecasis D, Adjeroud M, Alonso JC, Amano T, Anton A, Baldigo BP, Barrientos R, Bicknell JE, Buhl DA, Cebrian J, Ceia RS, Cibils-Martina L, Clarke S, Claudet J, Craig MD, Davoult D, De Backer A, Donovan MK, Eddy TD, França FM, Gardner JPA, Harris BP, Huusko A, Jones IL, Kelaher BP, Kotiaho JS, López-Baucells A, Major HL, Mäki-Petäys A, Martín B, Martín CA, Martin PA, Mateos-Molina D, McConnaughey RA, Meroni M, Meyer CFJ, Mills K, Montefalcone M, Noreika N, Palacín C, Pande A, Pitcher CR, Ponce C, Rinella M, Rocha R, Ruiz-Delgado MC, Schmitter-Soto JJ, Shaffer JA, Sharma S, Sher AA, Stagnol D, Stanley TR, Stokesbury KDE, Torres A, Tully O, Vehanen T, Watts C, Zhao Q, Sutherland WJ. Quantifying and addressing the prevalence and bias of study designs in the environmental and social sciences. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6377. [PMID: 33311448 PMCID: PMC7733498 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20142-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Building trust in science and evidence-based decision-making depends heavily on the credibility of studies and their findings. Researchers employ many different study designs that vary in their risk of bias to evaluate the true effect of interventions or impacts. Here, we empirically quantify, on a large scale, the prevalence of different study designs and the magnitude of bias in their estimates. Randomised designs and controlled observational designs with pre-intervention sampling were used by just 23% of intervention studies in biodiversity conservation, and 36% of intervention studies in social science. We demonstrate, through pairwise within-study comparisons across 49 environmental datasets, that these types of designs usually give less biased estimates than simpler observational designs. We propose a model-based approach to combine study estimates that may suffer from different levels of study design bias, discuss the implications for evidence synthesis, and how to facilitate the use of more credible study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec P Christie
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, The David Attenborough Building, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB3 3QZ, UK.
| | - David Abecasis
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMar), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Mehdi Adjeroud
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 9220 ENTROPIE & Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 avenue Paul Alduy, 66860, Perpignan, France
| | - Juan C Alonso
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tatsuya Amano
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Alvaro Anton
- Education Faculty of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU). Sarriena z/g E-48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Barry P Baldigo
- U.S. Geological Survey, New York Water Science Center, 425 Jordan Rd., Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Rafael Barrientos
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, c/ José Antonio Novais, 12, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jake E Bicknell
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE), School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NR, UK
| | - Deborah A Buhl
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND, 58401, USA
| | - Just Cebrian
- Northern Gulf Institute, Mississippi State University, 1021 Balch Blvd, John C. Stennis Space Center, Mississippi, 39529, USA
| | - Ricardo S Ceia
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Dept. Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Dept. Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luciana Cibils-Martina
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Córdoba, Argentina
- CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sarah Clarke
- Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Galway, Ireland
| | - Joachim Claudet
- National Center for Scientific Research, PSL Université Paris, CRIOBE, USR 3278 CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, Maison des Océans, 195 rue Saint-Jacques, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Michael D Craig
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- School of Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Dominique Davoult
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique, F.29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Annelies De Backer
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Ankerstraat 1, 8400, Ostend, Belgium
| | - Mary K Donovan
- Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Tyler D Eddy
- Baruch Institute for Marine & Coastal Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Centre for Fisheries Ecosystems Research, Fisheries & Marine Institute, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P O Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Filipe M França
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, LA1 4YQ, Lancaster, UK
| | - Jonathan P A Gardner
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P O Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Bradley P Harris
- Fisheries, Aquatic Science and Technology Laboratory, Alaska Pacific University, 4101 University Dr., Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA
| | - Ari Huusko
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Manamansalontie 90, 88300, Paltamo, Finland
| | - Ian L Jones
- Department of Biology, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, A1B 2R3, Canada
| | - Brendan P Kelaher
- National Marine Science Centre and Marine Ecology Research Centre, Southern Cross University, 2 Bay Drive, Coffs Harbour, 2450, Australia
| | - Janne S Kotiaho
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- School of Resource Wisdom, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Adrià López-Baucells
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes - cE3c, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, 69011-970, Manaus, Brazil
- Granollers Museum of Natural History, Granollers, Spain
| | - Heather L Major
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Brunswick, PO Box 5050, Saint John, NB, E2L 4L5, Canada
| | - Aki Mäki-Petäys
- Voimalohi Oy, Voimatie 23, Voimatie, 91100, Ii, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Paavo Havaksen tie 3, 90014 University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Beatriz Martín
- Fundación Migres CIMA Ctra, Cádiz, Spain
- Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Marine Policy and Regional Coordination Section Paris 07, Paris, France
| | - Carlos A Martín
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, c/ José Antonio Novais, 12, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Philip A Martin
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, The David Attenborough Building, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB3 3QZ, UK
- BioRISC, St. Catharine's College, Cambridge, CB2 1RL, UK
| | - Daniel Mateos-Molina
- Departamento de Ecología e Hidrología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Robert A McConnaughey
- RACE Division, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
| | - Michele Meroni
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Christoph F J Meyer
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes - cE3c, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, 69011-970, Manaus, Brazil
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT, UK
| | - Kade Mills
- Victorian National Park Association, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Monica Montefalcone
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DiSTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Norbertas Noreika
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Chair of Plant Health, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Carlos Palacín
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anjali Pande
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P O Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
- Biosecurity New Zealand - Tiakitanga Pūtaiao Aotearoa, Ministry for Primary Industries - Manatū Ahu Matua, 66 Ward St, PO Box 40742, Wallaceville, New Zealand
- National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd (NIWA), 301 Evans Bay Parade, Greta Point Wellington, New Zealand
| | - C Roland Pitcher
- CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, ST. LUCIA QLD, 4067, Australia
| | - Carlos Ponce
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, E-28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matt Rinella
- Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory, 243 Fort Keogh Rd, Miles City, Montana, 59301, USA
| | - Ricardo Rocha
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes - cE3c, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, 69011-970, Manaus, Brazil
- CIBIO-InBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - María C Ruiz-Delgado
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, ES-41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Jill A Shaffer
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND, 58401, USA
| | - Shailesh Sharma
- Division of Fish and Wildlife, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, 625 Broadway, Albany, NY, 12233-4756, USA
| | - Anna A Sher
- University of Denver Department of Biological Sciences, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Doriane Stagnol
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique, F.29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Thomas R Stanley
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
| | - Kevin D E Stokesbury
- School for Marine Science and Technology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, New Bedford, MA, USA
| | - Aurora Torres
- Georges Lemaître Earth and Climate Research Centre, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, 13 Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | - Oliver Tully
- Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Galway, Ireland
| | - Teppo Vehanen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Corinne Watts
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Private Bag 3127, Hamilton, 3216, New Zealand
| | - Qingyuan Zhao
- Statistical Laboratory, Department of Pure Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge, CB3 0WB, UK
| | - William J Sutherland
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, The David Attenborough Building, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB3 3QZ, UK
- BioRISC, St. Catharine's College, Cambridge, CB2 1RL, UK
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125
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Brasil LS, Vieira TB, Andrade AFA, Bastos RC, Montag LFDA, Juen L. The importance of common and the irrelevance of rare species for partition the variation of community matrix: implications for sampling and conservation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19777. [PMID: 33188230 PMCID: PMC7666184 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76833-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In community ecology, it is important to understand the distribution of communities along environmental and spatial gradients. However, it is common for the residuals of models investigating those relationships to be very high (> 50%). It is believed that species’ intrinsic characteristics such as rarity can contribute to large residuals. The objective of this study is to test the relationship among communities and environmental and spatial predictors by evaluating the relative contribution of common and rare species to the explanatory power of models. Our hypothesis is that the residual of partition the variation of community matrix (varpart) models will decrease as rare species get removed. We used several environmental variables and spatial filters as varpart model predictors of fish and Zygoptera (Insecta: Odonata) communities in 109 and 141 Amazonian streams, respectively. We built a repetition structure, in which we gradually removed common and rare species independently. After the repetitions and removal of species, our hypothesis was not corroborated. In all scenarios, removing up to 50% of rare species did not reduce model residuals. Common species are important and rare species are irrelevant for understanding the relationships among communities and environmental and spatial gradients using varpart. Therefore, our findings suggest that studies using varpart with single sampling events that do not detect rare species can efficiently assess general distributional patterns of communities along environmental and spatial gradients. However, when the objectives concern conservation of biodiversity and functional diversity, rare species must be carefully assessed by other complementary methods, since they are not well represented in varpart models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Schlemmer Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil. .,Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil.
| | - Thiago Bernardi Vieira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil
| | | | - Rafael Costa Bastos
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil
| | - Luciano Fogaça de Assis Montag
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil.,Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil
| | - Leandro Juen
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil.,Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil
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126
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Bryophytes are predicted to lag behind future climate change despite their high dispersal capacities. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5601. [PMID: 33154374 PMCID: PMC7645420 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19410-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The extent to which species can balance out the loss of suitable habitats due to climate warming by shifting their ranges is an area of controversy. Here, we assess whether highly efficient wind-dispersed organisms like bryophytes can keep-up with projected shifts in their areas of suitable climate. Using a hybrid statistical-mechanistic approach accounting for spatial and temporal variations in both climatic and wind conditions, we simulate future migrations across Europe for 40 bryophyte species until 2050. The median ratios between predicted range loss vs expansion by 2050 across species and climate change scenarios range from 1.6 to 3.3 when only shifts in climatic suitability were considered, but increase to 34.7–96.8 when species dispersal abilities are added to our models. This highlights the importance of accounting for dispersal restrictions when projecting future distribution ranges and suggests that even highly dispersive organisms like bryophytes are not equipped to fully track the rates of ongoing climate change in the course of the next decades. Bryophytes tend to be sensitive to warming, but their high dispersal ability could help them track climate change. Here the authors combine correlative niche models and mechanistic dispersal models for 40 European bryophyte species under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, finding that most of these species are unlikely to track climate change over the coming decades.
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127
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Leal CG, Lennox GD, Ferraz SFB, Ferreira J, Gardner TA, Thomson JR, Berenguer E, Lees AC, Hughes RM, Mac Nally R, Aragão LEOC, de Brito JG, Castello L, Garrett RD, Hamada N, Juen L, Leitão RP, Louzada J, Morello TF, Moura NG, Nessimian JL, Oliveira-Junior JMB, Oliveira VHF, de Oliveira VC, Parry L, Pompeu PS, Solar RRC, Zuanon J, Barlow J. Integrated terrestrial-freshwater planning doubles conservation of tropical aquatic species. Science 2020; 370:117-121. [PMID: 33004520 DOI: 10.1126/science.aba7580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Conservation initiatives overwhelmingly focus on terrestrial biodiversity, and little is known about the freshwater cobenefits of terrestrial conservation actions. We sampled more than 1500 terrestrial and freshwater species in the Amazon and simulated conservation for species from both realms. Prioritizations based on terrestrial species yielded on average just 22% of the freshwater benefits achieved through freshwater-focused conservation. However, by using integrated cross-realm planning, freshwater benefits could be increased by up to 600% for a 1% reduction in terrestrial benefits. Where freshwater biodiversity data are unavailable but aquatic connectivity is accounted for, freshwater benefits could still be doubled for negligible losses of terrestrial coverage. Conservation actions are urgently needed to improve the status of freshwater species globally. Our results suggest that such gains can be achieved without compromising terrestrial conservation goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecília G Leal
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, CEP 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. .,Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Lavras, CEP 37200-900, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Gareth D Lennox
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.
| | - Silvio F B Ferraz
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, CEP 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Joice Ferreira
- EMBRAPA Amazônia Oriental, CEP 66095-100, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Toby A Gardner
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Linegatan 87D, 11523, Stockholm Sweden
| | - James R Thomson
- Department of Environment, Land, Water, and Planning, Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Heidelberg, Vic, Australia
| | - Erika Berenguer
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.,Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexander C Lees
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK.,Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Robert M Hughes
- Amnis Opes Institute, Corvallis, OR, USA.,Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Ralph Mac Nally
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Luiz E O C Aragão
- Tropical Ecosystems and Environmental Sciences Group (TREES), Remote Sensing Division, National Institute for Space Research-INPE, Avenida dos Astronautas, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Janaina G de Brito
- Escola Estadual Maria Miranda Araújo, Secretaria de Educação do Estado de Mato Grosso, Av. Aeroporto, s/n, CEP 78336-000, Colniza, MT, Brazil
| | - Leandro Castello
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Rachael D Garrett
- Environmental Policy Lab, Departments of Environmental System Science and Humanities, Social, and Political Science, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Neusa Hamada
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo, 2.936, Petrópolis, CEP 69067-375, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Leandro Juen
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Correia, No. 1, Bairro Guamá, CEP 66075-110, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Rafael P Leitão
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, CP 486, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Julio Louzada
- Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Lavras, CEP 37200-900, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jorge L Nessimian
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, CEP 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Max B Oliveira-Junior
- Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia das Águas, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Rua Vera Paz, s/n (Unidade Tapajós), Bairro Salé, CEP 68040-255, Santarém, PA, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo F Oliveira
- Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Lavras, CEP 37200-900, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Vívian C de Oliveira
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo, 2.936, Petrópolis, CEP 69067-375, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Luke Parry
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Paulo S Pompeu
- Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Lavras, CEP 37200-900, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Ricardo R C Solar
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, CP 486, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jansen Zuanon
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo, 2.936, Petrópolis, CEP 69067-375, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Jos Barlow
- Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Lavras, CEP 37200-900, Lavras, MG, Brazil.,Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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128
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Jones HH, Robinson SK. Vegetation structure drives mixed-species flock interaction strength and nuclear species roles. Behav Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/araa103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Mixed-species flocks are a key facilitative interaction for tropical birds. Forest fragmentation leads to species loss and spatial turnover in these flocks, yet it is unknown how these changes to composition influence within-flock species interactions. We used network analysis to characterize flocking interactions along a fragment-size gradient in the Colombian Western Andes. We asked 1) how patch size, edge density, and vegetation structure explained network measures indicative of flock cohesion, 2) whether changes were driven by flocking species turnover or changes to the frequency of species co-occurrence, and 3) whether nuclear species, those that maintain flock stability and cohesion, changed in importance across the gradient. We constructed weighted social networks from flock compositions observed on 500-m transects, and then calculated global network measures and the centrality of six nuclear species. Patch size and edge density did not correlate with interspecific co-occurrence patterns, but interaction strength increased with canopy height. Flocks contained numerous, weak interactions, and there were no flock subtypes, suggesting flock composition was dynamic and unstructured. Several redundant nuclear species were present and varied in importance based on ecological conditions. A chlorospingus (Passerellidae) was most central in old-growth forest, whereas several tanager (Thraupidae) species became more central in smaller fragments and disturbed forest. When partitioning network dissimilarity, we found that 66% of dissimilarity resulted from species turnover, whereas only 34% resulted from changes to species co-occurrence. This finding suggests that coherence of flocking behavior itself is maintained even as extensive species turnover occurs from continuous forest to small fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison H Jones
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Scott K Robinson
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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129
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Aboveground Biomass Distribution in a Multi-Use Savannah Landscape in Southeastern Kenya: Impact of Land Use and Fences. LAND 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/land9100381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Savannahs provide valuable ecosystem services and contribute to continental and global carbon budgets. In addition, savannahs exhibit multiple land uses, e.g., wildlife conservation, pastoralism, and crop farming. Despite their importance, the effect of land use on woody aboveground biomass (AGB) in savannahs is understudied. Furthermore, fences used to reduce human–wildlife conflicts may affect AGB patterns. We assessed AGB densities and patterns, and the effect of land use and fences on AGB in a multi-use savannah landscape in southeastern Kenya. AGB was assessed with field survey and airborne laser scanning (ALS) data, and a land cover map was developed using Sentinel-2 satellite images in Google Earth Engine. The highest woody AGB was found in riverine forest in a conservation area and in bushland outside the conservation area. The highest mean AGB density occurred in the non-conservation area with mixed bushland and cropland (8.9 Mg·ha−1), while the lowest AGB density (2.6 Mg·ha−1) occurred in overgrazed grassland in the conservation area. The largest differences in AGB distributions were observed in the fenced boundaries between the conservation and other land-use types. Our results provide evidence that conservation and fences can create sharp AGB transitions and lead to reduced AGB stocks, which is a vital role of savannahs as part of carbon sequestration.
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130
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Floren A, von Rintelen T, Hebert PDN, de Araujo BC, Schmidt S, Balke M, Narakusumo RP, Peggie D, Ubaidillah R, von Rintelen K, Müller T. Integrative ecological and molecular analysis indicate high diversity and strict elevational separation of canopy beetles in tropical mountain forests. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16677. [PMID: 33028881 PMCID: PMC7541450 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73519-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical mountain forests contribute disproportionately to terrestrial biodiversity but little is known about insect diversity in the canopy and how it is distributed between tree species. We sampled tree-specific arthropod communities from 28 trees by canopy fogging and analysed beetle communities which were first morphotyped and then identified by their DNA barcodes. Our results show that communities from forests at 1100 and 1700 m a.s.l. are almost completely distinct. Diversity was much lower in the upper forest while community structure changed from many rare, less abundant species to communities with a pronounced dominance structure. We also found significantly higher beta-diversity between trees at the lower than higher elevation forest where community similarity was high. Comparisons on tree species found at both elevations reinforced these results. There was little species overlap between sites indicating limited elevational ranges. Furthermore, we exploited the advantage of DNA barcodes to patterns of haplotype diversity in some of the commoner species. Our results support the advantage of fogging and DNA barcodes for community studies and underline the need for comprehensive research aimed at the preservation of these last remaining pristine forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Floren
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Hans-Martin-Weg 5, 97074, Würzburg, Germany. .,Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247, Munich, Germany. .,Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Thomas von Rintelen
- Museum für Naturkunde-Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul D N Hebert
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | | | - Stefan Schmidt
- Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Balke
- Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247, Munich, Germany
| | - Raden Pramesa Narakusumo
- Zoology Division (Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense), Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM 46, Cibinong, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia.,Museum of Natural History Karlsruhe, Erbprinzenstr. 13, 76133, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Djunijanti Peggie
- Zoology Division (Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense), Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM 46, Cibinong, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Rosichon Ubaidillah
- Zoology Division (Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense), Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM 46, Cibinong, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Kristina von Rintelen
- Museum für Naturkunde-Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Müller
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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131
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Maximizing the value of forest restoration for tropical mammals by detecting three-dimensional habitat associations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:26254-26262. [PMID: 32989143 PMCID: PMC7584909 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2001823117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical forest ecosystems are facing unprecedented levels of degradation, severely compromising habitat suitability for wildlife. Despite the fundamental role biodiversity plays in forest regeneration, identifying and prioritizing degraded forests for restoration or conservation, based on their wildlife value, remains a significant challenge. Efforts to characterize habitat selection are also weakened by simple classifications of human-modified tropical forests as intact vs. degraded, which ignore the influence that three-dimensional (3D) forest structure may have on species distributions. Here, we develop a framework to identify conservation and restoration opportunities across logged forests in Borneo. We couple high-resolution airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and camera trap data to characterize the response of a tropical mammal community to changes in 3D forest structure across a degradation gradient. Mammals were most responsive to covariates that accounted explicitly for the vertical and horizontal characteristics of the forest and actively selected structurally complex environments comprising tall canopies, increased plant area index throughout the vertical column, and the availability of a greater diversity of niches. We show that mammals are sensitive to structural simplification through disturbance, emphasizing the importance of maintaining and enhancing structurally intact forests. By calculating occurrence thresholds of species in response to forest structural change, we identify areas of degraded forest that would provide maximum benefit for multiple high-conservation value species if restored. The study demonstrates the advantages of using LiDAR to map forest structure, rather than relying on overly simplistic classifications of human-modified tropical forests, for prioritizing regions for restoration.
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132
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Bush ER, Whytock RC, Bahaa-El-Din L, Bourgeois S, Bunnefeld N, Cardoso AW, Dikangadissi JT, Dimbonda P, Dimoto E, Edzang Ndong J, Jeffery KJ, Lehmann D, Makaga L, Momboua B, Momont LRW, Tutin CEG, White LJT, Whittaker A, Abernethy K. Long-term collapse in fruit availability threatens Central African forest megafauna. Science 2020; 370:1219-1222. [PMID: 32972990 DOI: 10.1126/science.abc7791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Afrotropical forests host much of the world's remaining megafauna, although these animals are confined to areas where direct human influences are low. We used a rare long-term dataset of tree reproduction and a photographic database of forest elephants to assess food availability and body condition of an emblematic megafauna species at Lopé National Park, Gabon. Our analysis reveals an 81% decline in fruiting over a 32-year period (1986-2018) and an 11% decline in body condition of fruit-dependent forest elephants from 2008 to 2018. Fruit famine in one of the last strongholds for African forest elephants should raise concern about the ability of this species and other fruit-dependent megafauna to persist in the long term, with potential consequences for broader ecosystem and biosphere functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma R Bush
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK. .,Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Robin C Whytock
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK. .,Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux (ANPN), Libreville, Gabon
| | - Laila Bahaa-El-Din
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Nils Bunnefeld
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Anabelle W Cardoso
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Osborne Memorial Laboratories, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Pacôme Dimbonda
- Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux (ANPN), Libreville, Gabon
| | - Edmond Dimoto
- Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux (ANPN), Libreville, Gabon
| | | | | | - David Lehmann
- Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux (ANPN), Libreville, Gabon
| | - Loïc Makaga
- Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux (ANPN), Libreville, Gabon
| | - Brice Momboua
- Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux (ANPN), Libreville, Gabon
| | | | | | - Lee J T White
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.,Ministère des Eaux, des Forêts, de la Mer, de l'Environnement Chargé du Plan Climat, des Objectifs de Development Durable et du Plan d'Affectation des Terres, Boulevard Triomphale, Libreville, Gabon.,Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale, CENAREST, Libreville, Gabon
| | | | - Katharine Abernethy
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.,Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale, CENAREST, Libreville, Gabon
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133
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Effectiveness of protected areas in conserving tropical forest birds. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4461. [PMID: 32929068 PMCID: PMC7490714 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18230-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protected areas (PAs) are the cornerstones of global biodiversity conservation efforts, but to fulfil this role they must be effective at conserving the ecosystems and species that occur within their boundaries. Adequate monitoring datasets that allow comparing biodiversity between protected and unprotected sites are lacking in tropical regions. Here we use the largest citizen science biodiversity dataset – eBird – to quantify the extent to which protected areas in eight tropical forest biodiversity hotspots are effective at retaining bird diversity. We find generally positive effects of protection on the diversity of bird species that are forest-dependent, endemic to the hotspots, or threatened or Near Threatened, but not on overall bird species richness. Furthermore, we show that in most of the hotspots examined this benefit is driven by protected areas preventing both forest loss and degradation. Our results provide evidence that, on average, protected areas contribute measurably to conserving bird species in some of the world’s most diverse and threatened terrestrial ecosystems. Assessing the effectiveness of protected areas requires sufficient monitoring data inside and outside of protected areas; such data are lacking in many tropical regions. Here the authors use robust citizen science data on bird occupancy to show that protected areas are effective in maintaining bird species diversity across eight tropical biodiversity hotspots.
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134
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Draper FC, Baker TR, Baraloto C, Chave J, Costa F, Martin RE, Pennington RT, Vicentini A, Asner GP. Quantifying Tropical Plant Diversity Requires an Integrated Technological Approach. Trends Ecol Evol 2020; 35:1100-1109. [PMID: 32912632 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Tropical biomes are the most diverse plant communities on Earth, and quantifying this diversity at large spatial scales is vital for many purposes. As macroecological approaches proliferate, the taxonomic uncertainties in species occurrence data are easily neglected and can lead to spurious findings in downstream analyses. Here, we argue that technological approaches offer potential solutions, but there is no single silver bullet to resolve uncertainty in plant biodiversity quantification. Instead, we propose the use of artificial intelligence (AI) approaches to build a data-driven framework that integrates several data sources - including spectroscopy, DNA sequences, image recognition, and morphological data. Such a framework would provide a foundation for improving species identification in macroecological analyses while simultaneously improving the taxonomic process of species delimitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick C Draper
- Center for Global Discovery and Conservation Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | | | - Christopher Baraloto
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jerome Chave
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB) CNRS/UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Flavia Costa
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Roberta E Martin
- Center for Global Discovery and Conservation Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - R Toby Pennington
- Department of Geography, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK; Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Gregory P Asner
- Center for Global Discovery and Conservation Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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135
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Global correlates of terrestrial and marine coverage by protected areas on islands. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4438. [PMID: 32895381 PMCID: PMC7477099 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18293-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Many islands are biodiversity hotspots but also extinction epicenters. In addition to strong cultural connections to nature, islanders derive a significant part of their economy and broader wellbeing from this biodiversity. Islands are thus considered as the socio-ecosystems most vulnerable to species and habitat loss. Yet, the extent and key correlates of protected area coverage on islands is still unknown. Here we assess the relative influence of climate, geography, habitat diversity, culture, resource capacity, and human footprint on terrestrial and marine protected area coverage across 2323 inhabited islands globally. We show that, on average, 22% of terrestrial and 13% of marine island areas are under protection status, but that half of all islands have no protected areas. Climate, diversity of languages, human population density and development are strongly associated with differences observed in protected area coverage among islands. Our study suggests that economic development and population growth may critically limit the amount of protection on islands. Islands have disproportionate importance for biodiversity conservation, yet they may be underrepresented in protected areas. Here the authors assess how climate, geography, habitat diversity, and socio-economic conditions explain terrestrial and marine protected area coverage on inhabited islands and in the surrounding seas globally.
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136
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Lees AC, Attwood S, Barlow J, Phalan B. Biodiversity scientists must fight the creeping rise of extinction denial. Nat Ecol Evol 2020; 4:1440-1443. [PMID: 32811999 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-020-01285-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C Lees
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK. .,Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Simon Attwood
- WWF-Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,The Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT, Maccarese, Italy
| | - Jos Barlow
- Setor de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Brazil.,Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.,CIBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ben Phalan
- Parque das Aves, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil.,Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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137
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Labao AB, Naval PC, Yap DLT, Yap HT. Using deep-belief networks to understand propensity for livelihood change in a rural coastal community to further conservation. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2020; 34:1008-1016. [PMID: 32144796 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Overharvesting of terrestrial and marine resources may be alleviated by encouraging an alternative configuration of livelihoods, particularly in rural communities in developing countries. Typical occupations in such areas include fishing and farming, and rural households often switch livelihood activities to suit climate and economic conditions. We used a machine-learning tool, deep-belief networks (DBN), and data from surveys of a rural Philippine coastal community to examine household desire to change livelihood. This desire is affected by a variety of factors, such as income, family needs, and feelings of work satisfaction, that are interrelated in complex ways. In farming households, livelihood changes often occur to diversify resources, increase income, and lessen economic risk. The DBN, given its multilayer perceptron structure, has a capacity to model nonlinear relationships among factors while providing an acceptable degree of accuracy. Relative to a set of 34 features (e.g., education, boat ownership, and work satisfaction), we examined the binary response variables desire to change work or not to change work. The best network had a test set accuracy of 97.5%. Among the features, 7 significantly affected desire to shift work: ethnicity, work satisfaction, number of persons in a household in ill health, number of fighting cocks owned, fishing engagement, buy-and-sell revenue, and educational level. A cross-correlation matrix of these 7 features indicated households less inclined to change work were those engaged in fishing and retail buying and selling. For fishing, provision of economic and other incentives should be considered to encourage changing from this occupation to allow recovery of fishery resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso B Labao
- Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering, University of the Philippines-Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines
| | - Prospero C Naval
- Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering, University of the Philippines-Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines
| | - David Leonides T Yap
- School of Urban and Regional Planning, University of the Philippines-Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines
| | - Helen T Yap
- The Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines-Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines
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138
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How Much Agroforestry Is Needed to Achieve Multifunctional Landscapes at the Forest Frontier?—Coupling Expert Opinion with Robust Goal Programming. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12156077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Agroforestry has been promoted as a key forest landscape restoration (FLR) option to restore ecosystem services in degraded tropical landscapes. We investigated the share and type of agroforestry selected in an optimized landscape, accounting for a mosaic of alternative forest landscape restoration options (reforestation and natural succession) and forest and common agricultural land-uses. We extend previous studies on multi-objective robust optimization and the analytic hierarchy process by a systematic sensitivity analysis to assess the influence of incorporating agroforestry into a landscape. This approach accounts for multiple objectives concurrently, yet data and computational requirements are relatively low. Our results show that experts from different backgrounds perceive agroforestry (i.e., alley cropping and silvopasture) very positively. Inclusion of large shares of agroforestry (41% share of landscape) in the FLR mix enhanced simulated ecosystem service provision. Our results demonstrate that landscapes with high shares of agroforestry may also comprise of high shares of natural forest. However, landscapes dominated by single agroforestry systems showed lower landscape multifunctionality than heterogeneous landscapes. In the ongoing effort to create sustainable landscapes, our approach contributes to an understanding of interrelations between land-covers and uncertain provisions of ecosystem services in circumstances with scarce data.
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139
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Macchi L, Decarre J, Goijman AP, Mastrangelo M, Blendinger PG, Gavier‐Pizarro GI, Murray F, Piquer‐Rodriguez M, Semper‐Pascual A, Kuemmerle T. Trade‐offs between biodiversity and agriculture are moving targets in dynamic landscapes. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Macchi
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER) CONICET ‐ Universidad Nacional de Tucumán Tucumán Argentina
| | - Julieta Decarre
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos (IRB‐CIRN) Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Andrea P. Goijman
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos (IRB‐CIRN) Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Matías Mastrangelo
- Grupo de Estudios de Agroecosistemas y Paisajes Rurales (GEAP) CONICET ‐ Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Pedro G. Blendinger
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER) CONICET ‐ Universidad Nacional de Tucumán Tucumán Argentina
| | - Gregorio I. Gavier‐Pizarro
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos (IRB‐CIRN) Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Francisco Murray
- Agencia de Extensión Rural San Luis Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) San Luis Argentina
| | - María Piquer‐Rodriguez
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER) CONICET ‐ Universidad Nacional de Tucumán Tucumán Argentina
| | | | - Tobias Kuemmerle
- Geography Department Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
- Integrative Research Institute on Transformations of Human‐Environment Systems (IRI‐THESys) Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
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140
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Dommain R, Andama M, McDonough MM, Prado NA, Goldhammer T, Potts R, Maldonado JE, Nkurunungi JB, Campana MG. The Challenges of Reconstructing Tropical Biodiversity With Sedimentary Ancient DNA: A 2200-Year-Long Metagenomic Record From Bwindi Impenetrable Forest, Uganda. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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141
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Juhel JB, Utama RS, Marques V, Vimono IB, Sugeha HY, Kadarusman, Pouyaud L, Dejean T, Mouillot D, Hocdé R. Accumulation curves of environmental DNA sequences predict coastal fish diversity in the coral triangle. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20200248. [PMID: 32635874 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental DNA (eDNA) has the potential to provide more comprehensive biodiversity assessments, particularly for vertebrates in species-rich regions. However, this method requires the completeness of a reference database (i.e. a list of DNA sequences attached to each species), which is not currently achieved for many taxa and ecosystems. As an alternative, a range of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) can be extracted from eDNA metabarcoding. However, the extent to which the diversity of OTUs provided by a limited eDNA sampling effort can predict regional species diversity is unknown. Here, by modelling OTU accumulation curves of eDNA seawater samples across the Coral Triangle, we obtained an asymptote reaching 1531 fish OTUs, while 1611 fish species are recorded in the region. We also accurately predict (R² = 0.92) the distribution of species richness among fish families from OTU-based asymptotes. Thus, the multi-model framework of OTU accumulation curves extends the use of eDNA metabarcoding in ecology, biogeography and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rizkie S Utama
- Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol Timur, Jakarta Utara, Indonesia
| | - Virginie Marques
- MARBEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Indra B Vimono
- Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol Timur, Jakarta Utara, Indonesia
| | - Hagi Yulia Sugeha
- Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol Timur, Jakarta Utara, Indonesia
| | - Kadarusman
- Politeknik Kelautan dan Perikanan Sorong, KKD BP Sumberdaya Genetik, Konservasi dan Domestikasi, Papua Barat 98411, Indonesia
| | - Laurent Pouyaud
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - David Mouillot
- MARBEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Régis Hocdé
- MARBEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
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142
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Abstract
Abstract
In complex, diverse ecosystems, one is faced with an exceptionally challenging decision: which species to examine first and why? This raises the question: Is there evidence of subconscious biases in study species selection? Likewise, is there evidence of this bias in selecting methods, locations, and times? We addressed these questions by surveying the literature on the most diverse group of vertebrates (fishes) in an iconic high-diversity ecosystem (coral reefs). The evidence suggests that we select study species that are predominantly yellow. Reef fish studies also selectively examine fishes that are behaviorally bold and in warm, calm, attractive locations. Our findings call for a reevaluation of study species selection and methodological approaches, recognizing the potential for subconscious biases to drive selection for species that are attractive rather than important and for methods that give only a partial view of ecosystems. Given the challenges faced by high-diversity ecosystems, we may need to question our decision-making processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Bellwood
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies and with the College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christopher R Hemingson
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies and with the College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sterling B Tebbett
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies and with the College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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143
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Lindenmayer DB, Foster CN, Westgate MJ, Scheele BC, Blanchard W. Managing interacting disturbances: Lessons from a case study in Australian forests. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David B. Lindenmayer
- Fenner School of Environment and Society The Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
- Threatened Species Recovery Hub National Environmental Science ProgramFenner School of Environment and SocietyThe Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
| | - Claire N. Foster
- Fenner School of Environment and Society The Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
| | - Martin J. Westgate
- Fenner School of Environment and Society The Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
| | - Ben C. Scheele
- Fenner School of Environment and Society The Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
- Threatened Species Recovery Hub National Environmental Science ProgramFenner School of Environment and SocietyThe Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
| | - Wade Blanchard
- Fenner School of Environment and Society The Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
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144
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Dinh KV, Dinh HT, Pham HT, Selck H, Truong KN. Development of metal adaptation in a tropical marine zooplankton. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10212. [PMID: 32576953 PMCID: PMC7311422 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67096-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical marine ecosystems are highly vulnerable to pollution and climate change. It is relatively unknown how tropical species may develop an increased tolerance to these stressors and the cost of adaptations. We addressed these issues by exposing a keystone tropical marine copepod, Pseudodiaptomus annandalei, to copper (Cu) for 7 generations (F1–F7) during three treatments: control, Cu and pCu (the recovery treatment). In F7, we tested the “contaminant-induced climate change sensitivity” hypothesis (TICS) by exposing copepods to Cu and extreme temperature. We tracked fitness and productivity of all generations. In F1, Cu did not affect survival and grazing but decreased nauplii production. In F2-F4, male survival, grazing, and nauplii production were lower in Cu, but recovered in pCu, indicating transgenerational plasticity. Strikingly, in F5-F6 nauplii production of Cu-exposed females increased, and did not recover in pCu. The earlier result suggests an increased Cu tolerance while the latter result revealed its cost. In F7, extreme temperature resulted in more pronounced reductions in grazing, and nauplii production of Cu or pCu than in control, supporting TICS. The results suggest that widespread pollution in tropical regions may result in high vulnerability of species in these regions to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khuong V Dinh
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA. .,Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark. .,Cam Ranh Centre for Tropical Marine Research and Aquaculture, Institute of Aquaculture, Nha Trang University, No 2 Nguyen Dinh Chieu Street, Nha Trang City, Vietnam.
| | - Hanh T Dinh
- Northern National Broodstock Center for Mariculture, Research Institute for Aquaculture No 1, Xuan Dam Commune, Cat Ba, Hai Phong, Vietnam
| | - Hong T Pham
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Thuyloi University, 175 Tay Son, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Henriette Selck
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Kiem N Truong
- Department of Ecology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Ha Noi, Vietnam.
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145
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Fisher JA, Dhungana H, Duffy J, He J, Inturias M, Lehmann I, Martin A, Mwayafu DM, Rodríguez I, Schneider H. Conservationists' perspectives on poverty: An empirical study. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hari Dhungana
- Faculty of Management and Law Nepal Open University Lalitpur Nepal
| | - Janine Duffy
- School of GeoSciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Jun He
- National Centre for Borderland Ethnic Studies in Southwest China Yunnan University Kunming China
| | - Mirna Inturias
- NUR University Santa Cruz de la Sierra Santa Cruz Bolivia
| | - Ina Lehmann
- German Development Institute/Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE) Bonn Germany
| | - Adrian Martin
- Global Environmental Justice Group School of International Development University of East Anglia Norwich UK
| | | | - Iokiñe Rodríguez
- Global Environmental Justice Group School of International Development University of East Anglia Norwich UK
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146
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Wren-Lewis L, Becerra-Valbuena L, Houngbedji K. Formalizing land rights can reduce forest loss: Experimental evidence from Benin. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabb6914. [PMID: 32637624 PMCID: PMC7319749 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb6914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Many countries are formalizing customary land rights systems with the aim of improving agricultural productivity and facilitating community forest management. This paper evaluates the impact on tree cover loss of the first randomized control trial of such a program. Around 70,000 landholdings were demarcated and registered in randomly chosen villages in Benin, a country with a high rate of deforestation driven by demand for agricultural land. We estimate that the program reduced the area of forest loss in treated villages, with no evidence of anticipatory deforestation or negative spillovers to other areas. Surveys indicate that possible mechanisms include an increase in tenure security and an improvement in the effectiveness of community forest management. Overall, our results suggest that formalizing customary land rights in rural areas can be an effective way to reduce forest loss while improving agricultural investments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Wren-Lewis
- Paris School of Economics, 48 Boulevard Jourdan, Paris 75014, France
- INRAE, 147 rue de l'Université, Paris 75007, France
| | | | - Kenneth Houngbedji
- DIAL, LEDa, Université Paris-Dauphine, IRD, Université PSL, 4 Rue d’Enghien, Paris 75010, France
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147
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Dala‐Corte RB, Melo AS, Siqueira T, Bini LM, Martins RT, Cunico AM, Pes AM, Magalhães ALB, Godoy BS, Leal CG, Monteiro‐Júnior CS, Stenert C, Castro DMP, Macedo DR, Lima‐Junior DP, Gubiani ÉA, Massariol FC, Teresa FB, Becker FG, Souza FN, Valente‐Neto F, Souza FL, Salles FF, Brejão GL, Brito JG, Vitule JRS, Simião‐Ferreira J, Dias‐Silva K, Albuquerque L, Juen L, Maltchik L, Casatti L, Montag L, Rodrigues ME, Callisto M, Nogueira MAM, Santos MR, Hamada N, Pamplin PAZ, Pompeu PS, Leitão RP, Ruaro R, Mariano R, Couceiro SRM, Abilhoa V, Oliveira VC, Shimano Y, Moretto Y, Súarez YR, Roque FDO. Thresholds of freshwater biodiversity in response to riparian vegetation loss in the Neotropical region. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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148
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Evolutionary history and past climate change shape the distribution of genetic diversity in terrestrial mammals. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2557. [PMID: 32444801 PMCID: PMC7244709 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16449-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of global patterns of biodiversity, ranging from intraspecific genetic diversity (GD) to taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity, is essential for identifying and conserving the processes that shape the distribution of life. Yet, global patterns of GD and its drivers remain elusive. Here we assess existing biodiversity theories to explain and predict the global distribution of GD in terrestrial mammal assemblages. We find a strong positive covariation between GD and interspecific diversity, with evolutionary time, reflected in phylogenetic diversity, being the best predictor of GD. Moreover, we reveal the negative effect of past rapid climate change and the positive effect of inter-annual precipitation variability in shaping GD. Our models, explaining almost half of the variation in GD globally, uncover the importance of deep evolutionary history and past climate stability in accumulating and maintaining intraspecific diversity, and constitute a crucial step towards reducing the Wallacean shortfall for an important dimension of biodiversity. The drivers of genetic diversity (GD) are poorly understood at the global scale. Here the authors show, for terrestrial mammals, that within-species GD covaries with phylogenetic diversity and is higher in locations with more stable past climates. They also interpolate GD for data-poor locations such as the tropics.
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149
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Biodiversity increases ecosystem functions despite multiple stressors on coral reefs. Nat Ecol Evol 2020; 4:919-926. [PMID: 32424279 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-020-1203-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Positive relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) highlight the importance of conserving biodiversity to maintain key ecosystem functions and associated services. Although natural systems are rapidly losing biodiversity due to numerous human-caused stressors, our understanding of how multiple stressors influence BEF relationships comes largely from small, experimental studies. Here, using remote assemblages of coral reef fishes, we demonstrate strong, non-saturating relationships of biodiversity with two ecosystem functions: biomass and productivity. These positive relationships were robust both to an extreme heatwave that triggered coral bleaching and to invasive rats which disrupt nutrient subsidies from native seabirds. Despite having only minor effects on BEF relationships, both stressors still decreased ecosystem functioning via other pathways. The extreme heatwave reduced biodiversity, which, due to the strong BEF relationships, ultimately diminished both ecosystem functions. Conversely, the loss of cross-system nutrient subsidies directly decreased biomass. These results demonstrate multiple ways by which human-caused stressors can reduce ecosystem functioning, despite robust BEF relationships, in natural high-diversity assemblages.
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150
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Eco-Epidemiological Evidence of the Transmission of Avian and Human Influenza A Viruses in Wild Pigs in Campeche, Mexico. Viruses 2020; 12:v12050528. [PMID: 32403268 PMCID: PMC7291264 DOI: 10.3390/v12050528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza, a zoonosis caused by various influenza A virus subtypes, affects a wide range of species, including humans. Pig cells express both sialyl-α-2,3-Gal and sialyl-α-2,6-Gal receptors, which make them susceptible to infection by avian and human viruses, respectively. To date, it is not known whether wild pigs in Mexico are affected by influenza virus subtypes, nor whether this would make them a potential risk of influenza transmission to humans. In this work, 61 hogs from two municipalities in Campeche, Mexico, were sampled. Hemagglutination inhibition assays were performed in 61 serum samples, and positive results were found for human H1N1 (11.47%), swine H1N1 (8.19%), and avian H5N2 (1.63%) virus variants. qRT-PCR assays were performed on the nasal swab, tracheal, and lung samples, and 19.67% of all hogs were positive to these assays. An avian H5N2 virus, first reported in 1994, was identified by sequencing. Our results demonstrate that wild pigs are participating in the exposure, transmission, maintenance, and possible diversification of influenza viruses in fragmented habitats, highlighting the synanthropic behavior of this species, which has been poorly studied in Mexico.
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