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Cheungpasitporn W, Thongprayoon C, Qian Q. Dysmagnesemia in Hospitalized Patients: Prevalence and Prognostic Importance. Mayo Clin Proc 2015; 90:1001-10. [PMID: 26250725 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the prevalence of serum magnesium (Mg) alterations and outcomes in hospitalized patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS All admissions to Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, from January 1, 2009, through December 31, 2013 (288,120 patients), were screened. Admission Mg from each unique patient and relevant clinical data were extracted from the institutional electronic database. RESULTS After excluding patients aged less than 18 years, those without Mg measurement, and readmission episodes, a total of 65,974 patients were studied. Magnesium levels of 2.1 mg/dL or higher were found in 20,777 patients (31.5%), and levels less than 1.7 mg/dL were noted in 13,320 (20.2%). Hypomagnesemia was common in patients with hematologic/oncological disorders, and hypermagnesemia was common in those with cardiovascular disease. The lowest hospital mortality, assessed by restricted cubic spline and percentage death, occurred in patients with Mg levels between 1.7 and 1.89 mg/dL. An Mg level of less than 1.7 mg/dL was independently associated with an increased risk of hospital mortality after adjusting for all variables except the admission diagnosis; risk for longer hospital stay and being discharged to a care facility were increased in the fully adjusted model. An elevated Mg level of 2.3 mg/dL or higher was a predictor for all adverse outcomes. The magnitude of Mg elevations in patients with levels of 2.3 mg/dL or higher (N=7908) was associated with worse hospital mortality in a dose-response manner. In patients with cardiovascular diseases, Mg levels of 1.5 to 1.69 mg/dL and 2.3 mg/dL or higher both independently predicted poor outcomes including hospital mortality. CONCLUSION Dysmagnesemia in hospitalized patients is common, with hypermagnesemia being most prevalent. Compared with hypomagnesemia, hypermagnesemia is a stronger predictor for poor outcomes. Magnesium supplementation for patients without Mg deficiency should be avoided in the absence of randomized controlled trials documenting a benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charat Thongprayoon
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Qi Qian
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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Zeng C, Wei J, Li H, Yang T, Zhang FJ, Pan D, Xiao YB, Yang TB, Lei GH. Relationship between Serum Magnesium Concentration and Radiographic Knee Osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol 2015; 42:1231-6. [PMID: 26034158 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.141414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish whether there is a relationship between serum magnesium (Mg) concentration and radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS There were 2855 subjects in this cross-sectional study. Serum Mg concentration was measured using the chemiluminescence method. Radiographic OA of the knee was defined as changes consistent with Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) grade 2 on at least 1 side. Mg concentration was classified into 1 of 4 quartiles: ≤ 0.87, 0.88-0.91, 0.92-0.96, or ≥ 0.97 mmol/l. Multivariable logistic analysis was used to test the association between serum Mg and radiographic knee OA after adjustment for potentially confounding factors. The OR with 95% CI for the association between radiographic knee OA and serum Mg concentration were calculated for each quartile. The quartile with the lowest value was regarded as the reference category. RESULTS Significant association between serum Mg concentration and radiographic knee OA was observed in the model after adjustment for age, sex, and body mass index, as well as in the multivariable model. The multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI) for radiographic knee OA in the second, third, and fourth serum Mg concentration quartiles were 0.90 (95% CI 0.71-1.13), 0.92 (95% CI 0.73-1.16), and 0.72 (95% CI 0.57-0.92), respectively, compared with the lowest (first) quartile. A clear trend (p for trend was 0.01) was observed. The relative odds of radiographic knee OA was decreased by 0.72 times in the fourth serum Mg quartile compared with the lowest quartile. CONCLUSION Serum Mg concentration may have an inverse relationship with radiographic OA of the knee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zeng
- From the Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, and Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health Central South University, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.C. Zeng, MD, Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; J. Wei, MD, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University; H. Li, MD; T. Yang, MD; F.J. Zhang, PhD; D. Pan, PhD; Y.B. Xiao, PhD, Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; T.B. Yang, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University; G.H. Lei, MD, PhD, Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
| | - Jie Wei
- From the Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, and Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health Central South University, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.C. Zeng, MD, Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; J. Wei, MD, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University; H. Li, MD; T. Yang, MD; F.J. Zhang, PhD; D. Pan, PhD; Y.B. Xiao, PhD, Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; T.B. Yang, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University; G.H. Lei, MD, PhD, Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
| | - Hui Li
- From the Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, and Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health Central South University, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.C. Zeng, MD, Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; J. Wei, MD, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University; H. Li, MD; T. Yang, MD; F.J. Zhang, PhD; D. Pan, PhD; Y.B. Xiao, PhD, Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; T.B. Yang, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University; G.H. Lei, MD, PhD, Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
| | - Tuo Yang
- From the Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, and Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health Central South University, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.C. Zeng, MD, Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; J. Wei, MD, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University; H. Li, MD; T. Yang, MD; F.J. Zhang, PhD; D. Pan, PhD; Y.B. Xiao, PhD, Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; T.B. Yang, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University; G.H. Lei, MD, PhD, Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
| | - Fang-Jie Zhang
- From the Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, and Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health Central South University, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.C. Zeng, MD, Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; J. Wei, MD, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University; H. Li, MD; T. Yang, MD; F.J. Zhang, PhD; D. Pan, PhD; Y.B. Xiao, PhD, Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; T.B. Yang, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University; G.H. Lei, MD, PhD, Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
| | - Ding Pan
- From the Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, and Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health Central South University, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.C. Zeng, MD, Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; J. Wei, MD, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University; H. Li, MD; T. Yang, MD; F.J. Zhang, PhD; D. Pan, PhD; Y.B. Xiao, PhD, Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; T.B. Yang, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University; G.H. Lei, MD, PhD, Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
| | - Yong-Bing Xiao
- From the Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, and Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health Central South University, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.C. Zeng, MD, Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; J. Wei, MD, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University; H. Li, MD; T. Yang, MD; F.J. Zhang, PhD; D. Pan, PhD; Y.B. Xiao, PhD, Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; T.B. Yang, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University; G.H. Lei, MD, PhD, Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
| | - Tu-Bao Yang
- From the Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, and Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health Central South University, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.C. Zeng, MD, Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; J. Wei, MD, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University; H. Li, MD; T. Yang, MD; F.J. Zhang, PhD; D. Pan, PhD; Y.B. Xiao, PhD, Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; T.B. Yang, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University; G.H. Lei, MD, PhD, Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
| | - Guang-Hua Lei
- From the Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, and Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health Central South University, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.C. Zeng, MD, Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; J. Wei, MD, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University; H. Li, MD; T. Yang, MD; F.J. Zhang, PhD; D. Pan, PhD; Y.B. Xiao, PhD, Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; T.B. Yang, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University; G.H. Lei, MD, PhD, Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University.
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Zeng C, Li H, Wei J, Yang T, Deng ZH, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Yang TB, Lei GH. Association between Dietary Magnesium Intake and Radiographic Knee Osteoarthritis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127666. [PMID: 26010333 PMCID: PMC4444049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine the cross-sectional associations between dietary magnesium (Mg) intake and radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA), joint space narrowing (JSN), and osteophytes (OST) respectively. Methods A total of 1626 subjects were included in the study. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Radiographic knee OA was defined as Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) Grade 2 in at least one leg. JSN and OST were assessed individually according to the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) atlas. A multivariable logistic analysis model was applied to test the various associations after adjusting for potentially confounding factors. Results The relative odds of radiographic knee OA were decreased by 0.53 times in the third quintile of Mg intake [odds ratio (OR) 0.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.28–1.01], 0.40 times in the fourth quintile (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.17–0.94) and 0.34 times in the fifth quintile (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.11–1.00) compared with those in the lowest quintile, while P for trend was 0.111. The relative odds of JSN were decreased by 0.49 times in the third quintile of Mg intake (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.28–0.88) and 0.37 times in the fifth quintile (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.14–0.98) compared with those in the lowest quintile, while P for trend was 0.088. There was no significant relationship between dietary Mg intake and the presence of OST. Conclusions The findings of this cross-sectional study indicate that Mg intake is inversely associated with radiographic knee OA and JSN. It supports potential role of Mg in the prevention of knee OA. Level of Evidence LevelIII, cross-sectional study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Tuo Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhen-han Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ye Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Tu-bao Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Guang-hua Lei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- * E-mail:
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Van Laecke S, Van Biesen W. Hypomagnesaemia in kidney transplantation. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2015; 29:154-60. [PMID: 26001746 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In the era of calcineurin inhibitors, hypomagnesaemia is a very common finding in kidney transplant recipients. Especially the first weeks after transplantation it is the rule rather than the exception. Hypomagnesaemia or low magnesium intake have been associated with a higher mortality or more cardiovascular events in the general population, but this association has never been explored in kidney transplant recipients, despite their increased cardiovascular risk. Kidney transplant recipients with pre- or post-transplant hypomagnesaemia seem to have an aberrant glucose metabolism and develop diabetes mellitus more frequently. Moreover, observations from alternate study populations, animal experiments or in vitro studies suggest a possible role of magnesium deficiency in graft dysfunction, bone metabolism and transplant immunology. Future observational and especially interventional studies should further define whether and to what extent we should make effort to correct this electrolyte disturbance in transplant recipients. Considering the mechanism of renal magnesium wasting, normalizing the serum magnesium concentration by oral supplementation alone might turn out to be cumbersome in kidney transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wim Van Biesen
- Renal Division, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
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105
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Lam TW, Zhang H, Siu CK. Reductions of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and acetonitrile by the magnesium(II)/magnesium(I) couple in aqueous media: theoretical insights from a nano-sized water droplet. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:2780-92. [PMID: 25738586 DOI: 10.1021/jp511490n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Reductions of O2, CO2, and CH3CN by the half-reaction of the Mg(II)/Mg(I) couple (Mg(2+) + e(-) → Mg(+•)) confined in a nanosized water droplet ([Mg(H2O)16](•+)) have been examined theoretically by means of density functional theory based molecular dynamics methods. The present works have revealed many intriguing aspects of the reaction dynamics of the water clusters within several picoseconds or even in subpicoseconds. The reduction of O2 requires an overall doublet spin state of the system. The reductions of CO2 and CH3CN are facilitated by their bending vibrations and the electron-transfer processes complete within 0.5 ps. For all reactions studied, the radical anions, i.e., O2(•-), CO2(•-), and CH3CN(•-), are initially formed on the cluster surface. O2(•-) and CO2(•-) can integrate into the clusters due to their high hydrophilicity. They are either solvated in the second solvation shell of Mg(2+) as a solvent-separated ion pair (ssip) or directly coordinated to Mg(2+) as a contact-ion pair (cip) having the (1)η-[MgO2](•+) and (1)η-[MgOCO](•+) coordination modes. The (1)η-[MgO2](•+) core is more crowded than the (1)η-[MgOCO](•+) core. The reaction enthalpies of the formation of ssip and cip of [Mg(CO2)(H2O)16](•+) are -36 ± 4 kJ mol(-1) and -30 ± 9 kJ mol(-1), respectively, which were estimated based on the average temperature changes during the ion-molecule reaction between CO2 and [Mg(H2O)16](•+). The values for the formation of ssip and cip of [Mg(O2)(H2O)16](•+) are estimated to be -112 ± 18 kJ mol(-1) and -128 ± 28 kJ mol(-1), respectively. CH3CN(•-) undergoes protonation spontaneously to form the hydrophobic [CH3CN, H](•). Both CH3CN and [CH3CN, H](•) cannot efficiently penetrate into the clusters with activation barriers of 22 kJ mol(-1) and ∼40 kJ mol(-1), respectively. These results provide fundamental insights into the solvation dynamics of the Mg(2+)/Mg(•+) couple on the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim-Wai Lam
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Chi-Kit Siu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
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Smith DJ, Anderson GJ, Bell SC, Reid DW. Elevated metal concentrations in the CF airway correlate with cellular injury and disease severity. J Cyst Fibros 2014; 13:289-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Pompilio A, Ciavardelli D, Crocetta V, Consalvo A, Zappacosta R, Di Ilio C, Di Bonaventura G. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia virulence and specific variations in trace elements during acute lung infection: implications in cystic fibrosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88769. [PMID: 24586389 PMCID: PMC3938418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal ions are necessary for the proper functioning of the immune system, and, therefore, they might have a significant influence on the interaction between bacteria and host. Ionic dyshomeostasis has been recently observed also in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, whose respiratory tract is frequently colonized by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. For the first time, here we used an inductively mass spectrometry method to perform a spatial and temporal analysis of the pattern of changes in a broad range of major trace elements in response to pulmonary infection by S. maltophilia. To this, DBA/2 mouse lungs were comparatively infected by a CF strain and by an environmental one. Our results showed that pulmonary ionomic profile was significantly affected during infection. Infected mice showed increased lung levels of Mg, P, S, K, Zn, Se, and Rb. To the contrary, Mn, Fe, Co, and Cu levels resulted significantly decreased. Changes of element concentrations were correlated with pulmonary bacterial load and markers of inflammation, and occurred mostly on day 3 post-exposure, when severity of infection culminated. Interestingly, CF strain – significantly more virulent than the environmental one in our murine model - provoked a more significant impact in perturbing pulmonary metal homeostasis. Particularly, exposure to CF strain exclusively increased P and K levels, while decreased Fe and Mn ones. Overall, our data clearly indicate that S. maltophilia modulates pulmonary metal balance in a concerted and virulence-dependent manner highlighting the potential role of the element dyshomeostasis during the progression of S. maltophilia infection, probably exacerbating the harmful effects of the loss of CF transmembrane conductance regulator function. Further investigations are required to understand the biological significance of these alterations and to confirm they are specifically caused by S. maltophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Pompilio
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, Center of Excellence on Aging, “G. d'Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, “G. d'Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Domenico Ciavardelli
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, Center of Excellence on Aging, “G. d'Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
- School of Engineering, Architecture and Motor Science, “Kore” University, Enna, Italy
| | - Valentina Crocetta
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, Center of Excellence on Aging, “G. d'Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, “G. d'Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ada Consalvo
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, Center of Excellence on Aging, “G. d'Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Roberta Zappacosta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, “G. d'Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Carmine Di Ilio
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, Center of Excellence on Aging, “G. d'Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, “G. d'Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Bonaventura
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, Center of Excellence on Aging, “G. d'Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, “G. d'Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Schumacher S, Roth I, Stahl J, Bäumer W, Kietzmann M. Biodegradation of metallic magnesium elicits an inflammatory response in primary nasal epithelial cells. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:996-1004. [PMID: 24211732 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Resorbable magnesium-based implants hold great promise for various biomedical applications, such as osteosynthesis and coronary stenting. They also offer a new therapeutic option for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis, but little data is yet available regarding the use of magnesium in the nasal cavity. To model this field of application, primary porcine nasal epithelial cells were used to test the biocompatibility of degrading pure magnesium and investigate whether the degradation products may also affect cellular metabolism. Magnesium specimens did not induce apoptosis and we found no major influence on enzyme activities or protein synthesis, but cell viability was reduced and elevated interleukin 8 secretion indicated proinflammatory reactions. Necrotic damage was most likely due to osmotic stress, and our results suggest that magnesium ion build-up is also involved in the interleukin 8 release. Furthermore, the latter seems to be mediated, at least in part, by the p38 signaling pathway. These effects probably depended on the accumulation of very high concentrations of magnesium ions in the in vitro set-up, which might not be achieved in vivo, although we cannot exclude that further, as yet unknown, factors played a role in the inflammatory response during the degradation process. In conclusion, the biocompatibility of pure magnesium with cells in the immediate vicinity appears less ideal than is often supposed, and this needs to be considered in the evaluation of magnesium materials containing additional alloying elements.
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Hypomagnesemia is a significant predictor of cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Kidney Int 2013; 85:174-81. [PMID: 23986148 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2013.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Revised: 05/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Although previous studies in the general population showed that hypomagnesemia is a risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), the impact of magnesium on the prognosis of patients on hemodialysis has been poorly investigated. To gain information on this we conducted a nationwide registry-based cohort study of 142,555 hemodialysis patients to determine whether hypomagnesemia is an independent risk for increased mortality in this population. Study outcomes were 1-year all-cause and cause-specific mortality with baseline serum magnesium levels categorized into sextiles. During follow-up, a total of 11,454 deaths occurred, of which 4774 had a CVD cause. In a fully adjusted model, there was a J-shaped association between serum magnesium and the odds ratio of all-cause mortality from the lowest to highest sextile, with significantly higher mortality in sextiles 1-3 and 6. Similar associations were found between magnesium and both CVD and non-CVD mortality. The proportion of patients with a baseline intact parathyroid hormone level under 50 pg/ml was significantly higher in the highest sextile; however, after excluding these patients, the CVD mortality risk in the highest sextile was attenuated. Thus, hypomagnesemia was significantly associated with an increased risk of mortality in hemodialysis patients. Interventional studies are needed to clarify whether magnesium supplementation is beneficial for improving patient prognosis.
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Woods JL, Iuliano-Burns S, Walker KZ. Immunological and nutritional factors in elderly people in low-level care and their association with mortality. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2013; 10:32. [PMID: 23915335 PMCID: PMC3751476 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4933-10-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Background This study examines associations between markers of nutritional status and lymphocyte subsets and seeks to determine if lymphocyte profile is predictive of survival in elderly Australians residing in aged care facilities. Aged yet still ambulatory subjects (n = 88, 73% female) living in low-level care and requiring minimal assistance were studied for 143 weeks. At baseline when participants were aged (mean ± SD) 86.0 ± 5.9 years, dietary intake was determined by 3-day weighed food record, body composition was assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and a venous blood sample was taken. Results At baseline assessment, study participants were consuming nutrient-poor diets and most had symptoms of chronic disease. Although overweight, 40% exhibited sarcopenia. Markers of nutritional status did not relate closely to immune cell numbers (absolute or relative), which on average were within the normal range. Men had lower numbers of CD3+CD4+ cells (CD4+ T cells), a higher proportion of CD3− CD16± CD56± (natural killer (NK) cells) and a higher ratio of NK: CD4+ T cells than women (all P < 0.05). The main age-related changes evident were decreased T cells, particularly low CD4+ T cell counts, and increased numbers of CD19+ (B-cell) and NK cells. During the 143 week duration of follow-up, about one quarter of the study participants died, with death more likely in men than women (P < 0.01). Poor survival was predicted by the presence of decreased numbers of CD4+ T cells (hazard ratio (HR) 0.919, P < 0.01) and expanded numbers of NK cells (HR 1.085, P < 0.05) in the blood, and therefore the presence of a high NK: CD4+ T cell ratio (HR 30.521, P < 0.01). Conclusions The NK: CD4+ T cell ratio may potentially have clinical utility for predicting longevity in elderly populations. Further studies are needed in other elderly populations to confirm this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie L Woods
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sandra Iuliano-Burns
- Endocrine Centre of Excellence, Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karen Z Walker
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia ; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Monash University, Level 1, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia
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Rosenlund H, Magnusson J, Kull I, Håkansson N, Wolk A, Pershagen G, Wickman M, Bergström A. Antioxidant intake and allergic disease in children. Clin Exp Allergy 2013; 42:1491-500. [PMID: 22994346 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2012.04053.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antioxidant intake may reduce the risk of allergic disease by protecting against oxidative tissue damage. Major sources of antioxidants in the Western world are fruits, vegetables (vitamin C, β-carotene, α-tocopherol), meat and milk (selenium, magnesium, zinc). Children may exclude or eat less of some fruits and vegetables due to cross-reactivity between pollen and these foods, complicating assessment of causal relationships. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between dietary antioxidant intake and allergic disease, taking potential reverse causation into account. METHODS Data on 2442 8-year-old children from the Swedish birth cohort study BAMSE were analysed. Children with completed parental questionnaires on exposures and health, including a food-frequency questionnaire and who provided a blood sample were included. Associations between antioxidant intake during the past year and current allergic disease were analysed using logistic regression. RESULTS An inverse association was observed between intake of β-carotene and rhinitis (OR(adj), highest vs. lowest quartile, 0.67, 95% CI 0.49-0.93). Magnesium intake was inversely related to asthma (OR(adj), 0.65, 95% CI 0.42-1.00) and atopic sensitisation (OR(adj), 0.78, 95% CI 0.61-1.00). Following exclusion of children who avoided certain fruits, vegetables or milk due to allergic symptoms (n = 285), the inverse association remained between magnesium intake and asthma (OR(adj), 0.58, 95% CI 0.35-0.98), whereas all other associations became non-significant. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Diet modifications due to allergy may affect the antioxidant intake and needs to be considered when investigating the relationship between diet and allergic disease. Magnesium intake seems to have a protective effect on childhood asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rosenlund
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Mateescu RG, Garmyn AJ, Tait RG, Duan Q, Liu Q, Mayes MS, Garrick DJ, Van Eenennaam AL, Vanoverbeke DL, Hilton GG, Beitz DC, Reecy JM. Genetic parameters for concentrations of minerals in longissimus muscle and their associations with palatability traits in Angus cattle. J Anim Sci 2012; 91:1067-75. [PMID: 23230113 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for concentrations of minerals in LM and to evaluate their associations with beef palatability traits. Samples of LM from 2,285 Angus cattle were obtained and fabricated into steaks for analysis of mineral concentrations and for trained sensory panel assessments. Nine minerals, including calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and zinc, were quantified. Restricted maximum likelihood procedures were used to obtain estimates of variance and covariance components under a multiple-trait animal model. Estimates of heritability for mineral concentrations in LM varied from 0.01 to 0.54. Iron and sodium were highly and moderately heritable, respectively, whereas the other minerals were lowly heritable except for calcium, copper, and manganese, which exhibited no genetic variation. Strong positive genetic correlations existed between iron and zinc (0.49, P < 0.05), between magnesium and phosphorus (0.88, P < 0.05), between magnesium and sodium (0.68, P < 0.05), and between phosphorus and potassium (0.69, P < 0.05). Overall tenderness assessed by trained sensory panelists was positively associated with manganese, potassium, and sodium and negatively associated with phosphorus and zinc concentrations (P < 0.05). Juiciness assessed by trained sensory panelists was negatively associated with magnesium and positively associated with manganese and sodium concentrations (P < 0.05). Livery or metallic flavor was not associated with any of the minerals (P > 0.05). Beefy flavor was positively associated with calcium, iron, and zinc and negatively associated with sodium concentration, whereas a painty or fishy flavor was positively associated with sodium and negatively associated with calcium and potassium concentrations (P < 0.05). Beef is a major contributor of iron and zinc in the human diet, and these results demonstrate sufficient genetic variation for these traits to be improved through marker-assisted selection programs without compromising beef palatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Mateescu
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078, USA
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Qin B, Shi X, Samai PS, Renner JB, Jordan JM, He K. Association of dietary magnesium intake with radiographic knee osteoarthritis: results from a population-based study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2012; 64:1306-11. [PMID: 22511536 PMCID: PMC3410963 DOI: 10.1002/acr.21708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the cross-sectional association between dietary magnesium intake and radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA) among African American and white men and women. METHODS The presence of radiographic knee OA was examined among participants from the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project and was defined as a Kellgren/Lawrence grade of at least 2 in at least 1 knee. The Block Food Frequency Questionnaire was used to assess magnesium intake. Effect modifiers were explored by testing interactions of magnesium intake and selected factors based on previous studies. The multivariable logistic regression model with standard energy adjustment method was used to estimate the relationship between magnesium intake and radiographic knee OA. RESULTS The prevalence of knee OA was 36.27% among the 2,112 participants. The relationship between magnesium intake and radiographic knee OA was found to be modified by race (P for interaction = 0.03). An inverse threshold association was observed among whites. Compared to participants in the lowest quintile, the relative odds of radiographic knee OA were cut by one-half for participants in the second quintile of magnesium intake (odds ratio 0.52, 95% confidence interval 0.34-0.79); further magnesium intake did not provide further benefits (P for trend = 0.51). A statistically significant association was not observed among African Americans. CONCLUSION A modest inverse threshold association was found between dietary magnesium intake and knee OA in whites, but not in African Americans. Further studies are needed to confirm these results and to elucidate the possible mechanisms of action for the racial modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Qin
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Xiaoyan Shi
- Advanced Analytics Division, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC
| | - Peter S. Samai
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jordan B. Renner
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Joanne M. Jordan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Orthopedics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Ka He
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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Gontijo-Amaral C, Guimarães EV, Camargos P. Oral magnesium supplementation in children with cystic fibrosis improves clinical and functional variables: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 96:50-6. [PMID: 22648717 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.034207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnesium is one of the most important minerals in the body. Although some studies reported that patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) lack magnesium, no international study has assessed the importance of oral magnesium supplementation in CF patients. OBJECTIVE We prospectively investigated the long-term effect of oral magnesium supplementation on respiratory muscle strength by using manuvacuometry and the Shwachman-Kulczycki (SK) score among children and adolescents with CF. DESIGN This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study included 44 CF patients (aged 7-19 y; 20 males) who were randomly assigned to receive magnesium (n = 22; 300 mg/d) or placebo (n = 22) for 8 wk with a 4-wk washout period between trials. All patients were undergoing conventional treatment of CF. The experimental protocol included clinical evaluation, assessment of urinary concentration of magnesium, and manuvacuometric measurements [maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP)]. MIP was the primary outcome. RESULTS Urinary magnesium increased after the administration of magnesium (change: 36.38 mg/d after magnesium compared with 0.72 mg/d after placebo; P < 0.001). Moreover, MIP and MEP significantly improved only after magnesium administration (change in MIP: 11% predicted after magnesium compared with 0.5% predicted after placebo; change in MEP: 11.9% predicted after magnesium compared with 0.8% predicted after placebo; P < 0.001 for both). Magnesium administration had a beneficial effect on clinical variables assessed by the SK score (change: 4.48 points after magnesium compared with -1.30 points after placebo; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Oral magnesium supplementation helped improve both the SK score and respiratory muscle strength in pediatric patients with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clésio Gontijo-Amaral
- Pediatrics Department, Diagnostic Support Action and Research Center (NUPAD), Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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Yazdanpanah MJ, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Taji A, Javidi Z, Pezeshkpoor F, Tavallaie S, Momenzadeh A, Esmaili H, Shojaie-Noori S, Khoddami M, Sahebkar A. Serum zinc and copper status in Iranian patients with pemphigus vulgaris. Int J Dermatol 2012; 50:1343-1346. [PMID: 22004485 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2011.04968.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of nutritional factors including trace elements has been reported in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases. OBJECTIVE Regarding the relatively high prevalence of pemphigus vulgaris in Iran, we investigated the serum levels of zinc and copper as two important trace elements, together with the oxidative stress status in patients with pemphigus vulgaris. MATERIALS AND METHODS This case-control study was performed on 25 patients with newly diagnosed pemphigus vulgaris and 25 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. Serum concentrations of zinc, copper, ceruloplasmin as well as copper/zinc ratio were determined for each subject. Oxidative stress was also measured using a novel assay of peroxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB). RESULTS Mean serum concentrations of zinc and copper as well as copper/zinc ratio were significantly lower in patients (mean age: 47.2±16.2 years; male/female: 14/11) compared with the controls (mean age: 47.3±12.8 years; male/female: 14/11; P<0.001). In contrast, PAB values were significantly elevated in patients compared with controls (P<0.01). No significant difference in serum ceruloplasmin concentrations was observed between the groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that low serum zinc and copper and increased oxidative stress may be associated with pemphigus vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad Yazdanpanah
- Research Center for Skin Diseases and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, Department of Dermatology, Ghaem Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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117
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van Oeffelen AAM, Bekkers MBM, Smit HA, Kerkhof M, Koppelman GH, Haveman-Nies A, van der A DL, Jansen EHJM, Wijga AH. Serum micronutrient concentrations and childhood asthma: the PIAMA birth cohort study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2011; 22:784-93. [PMID: 21929603 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2011.01190.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests an influence of micronutrients on childhood asthma. So far, evidence mainly originates from cross-sectional studies using nutrient intake data, which is not an accurate measure of nutrient status. This study aimed to investigate the cross-sectional and prospective associations between serum concentrations of magnesium, vitamin D, selenium, and zinc and prevalence of (severe) asthma, atopy, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) in childhood. METHODS In the Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy birth cohort study, serum nutrient concentrations were available for a 4-yr-old subgroup (n = 372) and for a different 8-yr-old subgroup (n = 328). Yearly questionnaires inquired about asthma prevalence until 8 yr of age. Allergic sensitization was measured at 4 and 8 yr of age; BHR was measured at 8 yr of age. Data were analyzed with logistic regression and generalized estimating equations models. RESULTS There was a consistent (non-significant) inverse association between serum magnesium concentrations and asthma prevalence. Serum vitamin D concentrations measured at age 4 were inversely associated with asthma at ages 4-8 [e.g., cross-sectional association between vitamin D tertile 3 vs. 1 and severe asthma: odds ratio (OR): 0.49, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.25-0.95], whereas vitamin D measured at age 8 was positively associated with asthma at age 8 (e.g., cross-sectional association between vitamin D tertile 3 vs. 1 and severe asthma: OR: 2.14, 95% CI: 0.67-6.82). CONCLUSIONS Our study contributes to the evidence that children with higher serum magnesium concentrations are less likely to have asthma. The associations between serum vitamin D concentrations and asthma were age-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A M van Oeffelen
- Department of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Association between serum copper, zinc and hospital admissions among care home residents. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2010; 51:e24-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2009.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Revised: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 08/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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120
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Exley C, Siesjö P, Eriksson H. The immunobiology of aluminium adjuvants: how do they really work? Trends Immunol 2010; 31:103-9. [PMID: 20153253 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2009.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Revised: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 12/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aluminium adjuvants potentiate the immune response, thereby ensuring the potency and efficacy of typically sparingly available antigen. Their concomitant critical importance in mass vaccination programmes may have prompted recent intense interest in understanding how they work and their safety. Progress in these areas is stymied, however, by a lack of accessible knowledge pertaining to the bioinorganic chemistry of aluminium adjuvants, and, consequently, the inappropriate application and interpretation of experimental models of their mode of action. The objective herein is, therefore, to identify the many ways that aluminium chemistry contributes to the wide and versatile armoury of its adjuvants, such that future research might be guided towards a fuller understanding of their role in human vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Exley
- The Birchall Centre, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
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122
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Wang YQ, Puntenney SB, Burton JL, Forsberg NE. Use of gene profiling to evaluate the effects of a feed additive on immune function in periparturient dairy cattle. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2009; 93:66-75. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2007.00780.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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123
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Schweigel M, Voigt J, Mohr E. Indication of intracellular magnesium deficiency in lactating dairy cows revealed by magnesium loading and renal fractional excretion. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2009; 93:105-12. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2007.00787.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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124
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Insight into the molecular regulation of the epithelial magnesium channel TRPM6. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2008; 17:373-8. [DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0b013e328303e184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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125
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Abstract
Since most components of metabolic syndrome are related to lifestyle, exercise and diet are critical aspects of treatment. Most patients will need to reduce body weight. Some flexibility in dietary macronutrients is allowed, depending on the patient's metabolic profile and responsiveness. Types of fats and carbohydrates are particularly important. Artificial trans fats should be eliminated as much as possible and saturated fats minimized. Carbohydrates should be mainly unrefined and unprocessed, emphasizing fiber and low glycemic index, while keeping added sugars low. Monounsaturated fats are the best replacements for saturated fats and refined carbohydrates within energy and total fat limits. Micronutrients that may be beneficial for metabolic syndrome include vitamin D, calcium, magnesium, and potassium from whole food sources. Excess sodium chloride, as well as meal skipping, should be avoided.
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Ruljancic N, Popovic-Grle S, Rumenjak V, Sokolic B, Malic A, Mihanovic M, Cepelak I. COPD: magnesium in the plasma and polymorphonuclear cells of patients during a stable phase. COPD 2007; 4:41-7. [PMID: 17364676 DOI: 10.1080/15412550601169513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium is one of the most important factors for regulation of inflammatory response as well as muscle function, and COPD is a multicomponent disease characterized by abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs with systemic muscle dysfunction. Because polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells are significantly represented in the pathogenesis of COPD, concentrations of total (tMg) and ionised magnesium (iMg) were determined in plasma and isolated PMN cells in 46 patients in stable phase of COPD (past smokers, current smokers, and non-smokers), 24 healthy smokers and 37 healthy non-smokers. In the same samples concentrations of total (tCa) and ionised calcium (iCa) were determined, due to the antagonism of magnesium towards calcium. We found decreased biological active iMg in PMN compared to the group of healthy non-smokers (5.42, 1.98-17.31 micromol/10(9) cells vs. 7.50, 3.27-15.15 micromol/10(9) cells, p < 0.05). In the plasma and isolated PMN of the patients the ratio of total calcium/total magnesium (tCa/tMg) was significantly increased (2.89, 2.15-3.86 and 1.19, 0.07-9.87) compared to the group of healthy non-smokers (2.65, 2.19-3.44 and 0.67, 0.14-2.40, p < 0.05) and to the group of healthy smokers (2.58, 2.26-3.24 and 0.66, 0.14-2.85, p < 0.05). In the group of patients the concentration of tCa was significantly increased in all samples compared to the healthy group of non-smokers and healthy smokers. The results of univariant logistic regression analysis for smoking, concentration of tCa and ratio of tCa/tMg in PMN showed high odds ratio for COPD status. These results raise a possibility that intracellular polymorphonuclear value of magnesium could be a distinctive marker for COPD risk disclosure among smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ruljancic
- Clinical Laboratory, Sveti Ivan Psychiatric Hospital, Susedgrad, Croatia.
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127
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Carroll JA, Forsberg NE. Influence of Stress and Nutrition on Cattle Immunity. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2007; 23:105-49. [PMID: 17382844 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2007.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Today, the scientific community readily embraces the fact that stress and nutrition impact every physiologic process in the body. At last, the specific mechanisms by which stress and nutrition affect the immune function are being elucidated. The debate among animal scientists concerning the definition and quantification of stress as it relates to animal productivity and well-being is ongoing. However, an increased appreciation and understanding of the effects of stress on livestock production has emerged throughout the scientific community and with livestock producers. The intent of this article is to provide an overview of the general concepts of stress and immunology, and to review the effects of stress and nutrition on the immune system of cattle.
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Melanson KJ, Angelopoulos TJ, Nguyen VT, Martini M, Zukley L, Lowndes J, Dube TJ, Fiutem JJ, Yount BW, Rippe JM. Consumption of whole-grain cereals during weight loss: effects on dietary quality, dietary fiber, magnesium, vitamin B-6, and obesity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 106:1380-8; quiz 1389-90. [PMID: 16963343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jada.2006.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2005] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While various weight-management approaches produce weight loss, they may differ in dietary quality. We monitored changes in nutrient intakes in overweight and obese subjects on three different weight-management programs. DESIGN Randomized clinical trial (pilot study) with two 12-week phases: phase 1, weekly counseling; phase 2, monitoring only. SUBJECTS/SETTING One hundred eighty nonsmoking, sedentary overweight and obese adults began this outpatient study; 134 (body mass index [calculated as kg/m(2)]=30.9+/-2.4; age=42.3+/-1.2 years) were used in analyses. INTERVENTION Twenty-four weeks of exercise only (control group), hypocaloric diet plus exercise, or hypocaloric diet with fiber-rich whole-grain cereals plus exercise. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES At weeks 0, 12, and 24, diet quality was assessed by 3-day food records and body weight was measured. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Three-way analysis of variance with repeated measures. RESULTS The hypocaloric diet with fiber-rich whole-grain cereals plus exercise decreased energy intake more than exercise only (P=0.032). By week 12, the hypocaloric diet with fiber-rich whole-grain cereals plus exercise and the hypocaloric diet plus exercise decreased total fat more than exercise only, which was sustained in the hypocaloric diet with fiber-rich whole-grain cereals plus exercise at 24 weeks (P<0.001). At weeks 12 and 24, the hypocaloric diet with fiber-rich whole-grain cereals plus exercise reduced saturated fat intake more than exercise only. The hypocaloric diet with fiber-rich whole-grain cereals plus exercise increased total fiber, insoluble fiber (both P<0.001), magnesium (P=0.004), and vitamin B-6 (P=0.002) intakes more than the hypocaloric diet plus exercise and exercise only. Calcium and vitamin E intakes were inadequate in all groups. Weight loss was similar in the hypocaloric diet with fiber-rich whole-grain cereals plus exercise and the hypocaloric diet plus exercise. CONCLUSIONS Weight-reduction strategies may be associated with reduced intake of micronutrients, such as calcium and vitamin E. However, a hypocaloric diet with fiber-rich whole-grain cereal is effective for improving or maintaining other aspects of dietary quality during weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen J Melanson
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
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129
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Leone N, Courbon D, Ducimetiere P, Zureik M. Zinc, copper, and magnesium and risks for all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular mortality. Epidemiology 2006; 17:308-14. [PMID: 16570028 DOI: 10.1097/01.ede.0000209454.41466.b7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental data suggest that zinc, copper, and magnesium are involved in carcinogenesis and atherogenesis. Few longitudinal studies have related these minerals to cancer or cardiovascular disease mortality in a population. METHODS Data from the Paris Prospective Study 2, a cohort of 4035 men age 30-60 years at baseline, were used to assess the association between serum zinc, copper, and magnesium and all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular disease mortality. Serum mineral values measured at baseline were divided into quartiles and classified into low (1st quartile, referent group), medium (2nd-3rd quartiles), and high (4th quartile) values. During 18-year follow up, 339 deaths occurred, 176 as a result of cancer and 56 of cardiovascular origin. Relative risks (RRs) for each element were inferred using Cox's proportional hazard model after controlling for various potential confounders. RESULTS High copper values (4th quartile) were associated with a 50% increase in RRs for all-cause deaths (RR = 1.5; 95% confidence interval = 1.1-2.1), a 40% increase for cancer mortality (1.4; 0.9-2.2), and a 30% increase for cardiovascular mortality (1.3; 0.6-2.8) compared with low values (1st quartile). High magnesium values were negatively related to mortality with a 40% decrease in RR for all-cause (0.6; 0.4-0.8) and cardiovascular deaths (0.6; 0.2-1.2) and by 50% for cancer deaths (0.5; 0.3-0.8). Additionally, subjects with a combination of low zinc and high copper values had synergistically increased all-cause (2.6; 1.4-5.0) and cancer (2.7; 1.0-7.3) mortality risks. Similarly, combined low zinc and high magnesium values were associated with decreased all-cause (0.2; 0.1-0.5) and cancer (0.2; 0.1-0.8) mortality risks. CONCLUSIONS High serum copper, low serum magnesium, and concomitance of low serum zinc with high serum copper or low serum magnesium contribute to an increased mortality risk in middle-aged men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Leone
- Unit 744 National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
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130
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George J. Mineral metabolism in dimethylnitrosamine-induced hepatic fibrosis. Clin Biochem 2006; 39:984-91. [PMID: 16959231 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2006.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2006] [Revised: 06/30/2006] [Accepted: 07/15/2006] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Complications such as ascites during the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis may lead to several abnormalities in mineral metabolism. In the present investigation, we have monitored serum and liver concentrations of calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium during experimentally induced hepatic fibrosis in rats. DESIGN AND METHODS The liver injury was induced by intraperitoneal injections of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN; N-nitrosodimethylamine, NDMA) in doses 1 mg/100 g body weight on 3 consecutive days of each week over a period of 21 days. Calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in the serum and liver on days 7, 14 and 21 after the start of DMN administration. RESULTS Negative correlations were observed between liver function tests and serum mineral levels, except with albumin. Calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium concentrations in the serum were decreased after the induction of liver injury. The liver calcium content was increased after DMN treatment. No change occurred in liver sodium content. However, magnesium and potassium content was significantly reduced in the hepatic tissue. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that DMN-induced hepatic fibrosis plays certain role in the alteration of essential elements. The low levels of albumin and the related ascites may be one of the major causes of the imbalance of mineral metabolism in hepatic fibrosis and further aggravation of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph George
- Department of Biochemistry, Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Madras 600 020, India.
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131
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Gontijo-Amaral C, Ribeiro MAGO, Gontijo LSC, Condino-Neto A, Ribeiro JD. Oral magnesium supplementation in asthmatic children: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Clin Nutr 2006; 61:54-60. [PMID: 16788707 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the long-term effect of oral magnesium supplementation on clinical symptoms, bronchial reactivity, lung function and allergen-induced skin responses in children and adolescents with moderate persistent asthma. DESIGN A double-blind randomized parallel placebo-controlled study. SETTING AND SUBJECTS The patients were recruited from the Pediatric Outpatient Clinic, Division of Pulmonology, Allergy and Immunology, and followed at the Center for Investigation in Pediatrics at State University of Campinas Hospital, Brazil. Thirty-seven out of 72 patients met the study criteria. There were no dropouts. INTERVENTION The 37 patients (aged 7-19 years, 19 males) were randomized in two groups: magnesium (n=18, 300 mg/day) and placebo (n=19), during 2 months. Both patient groups received inhaled fluticasone (250 microg twice a day) and salbutamol as needed. The primary outcome was bronchial reactivity evaluated with methacholine challenge test (PC20). RESULTS After a follow-up of 2 months, the methacholine PC20 for testing bronchial reactivity has augmented significantly in the magnesium group only. The skin responses to recognized antigens have also decreased in patients treated with magnesium. The forced vital capacity (FVC), the forced expiratory volume at first second (FEV1), the forced expiratory flow at 25-75 and the FEV1/FVC ratio were similar in both groups. The magnesium group presented fewer asthma exacerbations and used less salbutamol compared to the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS Oral magnesium supplementation helped to reduce bronchial reactivity to methacholine, to diminish their allergen-induced skin responses and to provide better symptom control in pediatric patients with moderate persistent asthma treated with inhaled fluticasone.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gontijo-Amaral
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Investigation in Pediatrics, State University of Campinas Medical School, Unicamp, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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