101
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Donadoni C, Corti S, Locatelli F, Papadimitriou D, Guglieri M, Strazzer S, Bossolasco P, Salani S, Comi GP. Improvement of Combined FISH and Immunofluorescence to Trace the Fate of Somatic Stem Cells after Transplantation. J Histochem Cytochem 2016; 52:1333-9. [PMID: 15385579 DOI: 10.1177/002215540405201009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) combined with immunohistochemistry of tissue-specific markers provides a reliable method for characterizing the fate of somatic stem cells in transplantation experiments. Furthermore, the association between FISH and fluorescent gene reporter detection can unravel cell fusion phenomena, which could account for apparent transdifferentiation events. However, despite the widespread use of these techniques, they still require labor-extensive protocol adjustments to achieve correct and satisfactory simultaneous signal detection. In the present paper, we describe an improvement of simultaneous FISH and immunofluorescence detection. We applied this protocol to the identification of transplanted human and mouse hematopoietic stem cells in murine brain and muscle. This technique provides unique opportunities for following the path taken by transplanted cells and their differentiation into mature cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Donadoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università di Milano, Padiglione Ponti, Ospedale Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy.
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102
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Naderi-Meshkin H, Matin MM, Heirani-Tabasi A, Mirahmadi M, Irfan-Maqsood M, Edalatmanesh MA, Shahriyari M, Ahmadiankia N, Moussavi NS, Bidkhori HR, Bahrami AR. Injectable hydrogel delivery plus preconditioning of mesenchymal stem cells: exploitation of SDF-1/CXCR4 axis toward enhancing the efficacy of stem cells' homing. Cell Biol Int 2016; 40:730-41. [PMID: 25825165 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Clinical applications of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) rely on their capacity to home and engraft in the appropriate target injury tissues for the long term. However, their homing efficiency has been observed to be very poor because of the lack or modifications of homing factors SDF-1α and CXCR4 receptors. Hence, this study was designed to investigate the homing and retention of pretreated human adipose tissue-derived MSCs (hASCs) from three different delivery routes in response to SDF-1α, released from chitosan-based injectable hydrogels. After stimulation of ASCs with a hypoxia mimicking agent, the expression level and functionality of CXCR4 were analyzed by flowcytometric analysis (FACS), transwell migration assay and qPCR. Then, the homing/retention of pretreated DiI-labeled hASCs were compared through three different in vivo delivery routes, 2 weeks after transplantation in Wistar rats. The cells were tracked histologically by fluorescent microscope and by PCR for human-specific CXCR4 gene. Results showed CXCR4 has dynamic expression pattern and pretreatment of hASCs significantly up-regulates CXCR4, leading to an increase in migration capacity toward 100 ng/mL SDF-1α in vitro and homing into the subcutaneously implanted hydrogel releasing SDF-1α in vivo. Furthermore, it seems that SDF-1α is particularly important in the retention of ASCs, in addition to its chemoattraction role. In summary, the delivery route in which the ASCs were mixed with the hydrogel rather than systemic delivery and local injection and preconditioning undertaken to increase CXCR4 expression concomitant with SDF-1α delivery by the injectable hydrogel, allowed for further homing/retention of ASCs. This might be a promising way to get better therapeutic outcomes in stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojjat Naderi-Meshkin
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Department, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture Research (ACECR), Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Biology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam M Matin
- Department of Biology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.,Cell and Molecular Biotechnology Research Department, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Asieh Heirani-Tabasi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Department, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture Research (ACECR), Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Biology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mirahmadi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Department, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture Research (ACECR), Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Muhammad Irfan-Maqsood
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Department, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture Research (ACECR), Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Biology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Mina Shahriyari
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Department, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture Research (ACECR), Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Nasser Sanjar Moussavi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University-Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Bidkhori
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Department, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture Research (ACECR), Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Bahrami
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Department, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture Research (ACECR), Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran.,Cell and Molecular Biotechnology Research Department, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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103
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Choi WT, Yang Y, Xu Y, An J. Targeting chemokine receptor CXCR4 for treatment of HIV-1 infection, tumor progression, and metastasis. Curr Top Med Chem 2016; 14:1574-89. [PMID: 25159167 DOI: 10.2174/1568026614666140827143541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CXCR4 is required for the entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) into target cells and for the development and dissemination of various types of cancers, including gastrointestinal, cutaneous, head and neck, pulmonary, gynecological, genitourinary, neurological, and hematological malignancies. The T-cell (T)-tropic HIV-1 strains use CXCR4 as the entry coreceptor; consequently, multiple CXCR4 antagonistic inhibitors have been developed for the treatment of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). However, other potential applications of CXCR4 antagonists have become apparent since its discovery in 1996. In fact, increasing evidence demonstrates that epithelial and hematopoietic tumor cells exploit the interaction between CXCR4 and its natural ligand, stromal cellderived factor (SDF)-1α, which normally regulates leukocyte migration. The CXCR4 and/or SDF-1α expression patterns in tumor cells also determine the sites of metastatic spread. In addition, the activation of CXCR4 by SDF-1α promotes invasion and proliferation of tumor cells, enhances tumor-associated neoangiogenesis, and assists in the degradation of the extracellular matrix and basement membrane. As such, the evaluation of CXCR4 and/or SDF-1α expression levels has a significant prognostic value in various types of malignancies. Several therapeutic challenges remain to be overcome before the use of CXCR4 inhibitors can be translated into clinical practice, but promising preclinical data demonstrate that CXCR4 antagonists can mobilize tumor cells from their protective microenvironments, interfere with their metastatic and tumorigenic potentials, and/or make tumor cells more susceptible to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jing An
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
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104
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Gur-Cohen S, Kollet O, Graf C, Esmon CT, Ruf W, Lapidot T. Regulation of long-term repopulating hematopoietic stem cells by EPCR/PAR1 signaling. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1370:65-81. [PMID: 26928241 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The common developmental origin of endothelial and hematopoietic cells is manifested by coexpression of several cell surface receptors. Adult murine bone marrow (BM) long-term repopulating hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs), endowed with the highest repopulation and self-renewal potential, express endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR), which is used as a marker to isolate them. EPCR/protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1) signaling in endothelial cells has anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory roles, while thrombin/PAR1 signaling induces coagulation and inflammation. Recent studies define two new PAR1-mediated signaling cascades that regulate EPCR(+) LT-HSC BM retention and egress. EPCR/PAR1 signaling facilitates LT-HSC BM repopulation, retention, survival, and chemotherapy resistance by restricting nitric oxide (NO) production, maintaining NO(low) LT-HSC BM retention with increased VLA4 expression, affinity, and adhesion. Conversely, acute stress and clinical mobilization upregulate thrombin generation and activate different PAR1 signaling that overcomes BM EPCR(+) LT-HSC retention, inducing their recruitment to the bloodstream. Thrombin/PAR1 signaling induces NO generation, TACE-mediated EPCR shedding, and upregulation of CXCR4 and PAR1, leading to CXCL12-mediated stem and progenitor cell mobilization. This review discusses new roles for factors traditionally viewed as coagulation related, which independently act in the BM to regulate PAR1 signaling in bone- and blood-forming progenitor cells, navigating their fate by controlling NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiri Gur-Cohen
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Orit Kollet
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Claudine Graf
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis and Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.,Third Medical Department, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Charles T Esmon
- Coagulation Biology Laboratory, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation and Departments of Pathology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Wolfram Ruf
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis and Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Tsvee Lapidot
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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105
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Huang Y, Elliott MJ, Yolcu ES, Miller TO, Ratajczak J, Bozulic LD, Wen Y, Xu H, Ratajczak MZ, Ildstad ST. Characterization of Human CD8(+)TCR(-) Facilitating Cells In Vitro and In Vivo in a NOD/SCID/IL2rγ(null) Mouse Model. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:440-53. [PMID: 26550777 PMCID: PMC5539919 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
CD8(+)/TCR(-) facilitating cells (FCs) in mouse bone marrow (BM) significantly enhance engraftment of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). Human FC phenotype and mechanism of action remain to be defined. We report, for the first time, the phenotypic characterization of human FCs and correlation of phenotype with function. Approximately half of human FCs are CD8(+)/TCR(-)/CD56 negative (CD56(neg)); the remainder are CD8(+)/TCR(-)/CD56 bright (CD56(bright)). The CD56(neg) FC subpopulation significantly promotes homing of HSPCs to BM in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency/IL-2 receptor γ-chain knockout mouse recipients and enhances hematopoietic colony formation in vitro. The CD56(neg) FC subpopulation promotes rapid reconstitution of donor HSPCs without graft-versus-host disease (GVHD); recipients of CD56(bright) FCs plus HSPCs exhibit low donor chimerism early after transplantation, but the level of chimerism significantly increases with time. Recipients of HSPCs plus CD56(neg) or CD56(bright) FCs showed durable donor chimerism at significantly higher levels in BM. The majority of both FC subpopulations express CXCR4. Coculture of CD56(bright) FCs with HSPCs upregulates cathelicidin and β-defensin 2, factors that prime responsiveness of HSPCs to stromal cell-derived factor 1. Both FC subpopulations significantly upregulated mRNA expression of the HSPC growth factors and Flt3 ligand. These results indicate that human FCs exert a direct effect on HSPCs to enhance engraftment. Human FCs offer a potential regulatory cell-based therapy for enhancement of engraftment and prevention of GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Huang
- Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - M J Elliott
- Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - E S Yolcu
- Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - T O Miller
- Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - J Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Biology Program at the James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | | | - Y Wen
- Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - H Xu
- Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - M Z Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Biology Program at the James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - S T Ildstad
- Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Regenerex, LLC, Louisville, KY
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106
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Wuchter P, Saffrich R, Giselbrecht S, Nies C, Lorig H, Kolb S, Ho AD, Gottwald E. Microcavity arrays as an in vitro model system of the bone marrow niche for hematopoietic stem cells. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 364:573-584. [PMID: 26829941 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2348-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In previous studies human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) maintained the "stemness" of human hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) through direct cell-cell contact in two-dimensional co-culture systems. We establish a three-dimensional (3D) co-culture system based on a custom-made chip, the 3(D)-KITChip, as an in vitro model system of the human hematopoietic stem cell niche. This array of up to 625 microcavities, with 300 μm size in each orientation, was inserted into a microfluidic bioreactor. The microcavities of the 3(D)-KITChip were inoculated with human bone marrow MSCs together with umbilical cord blood HPCs. MSCs used the microcavities as a scaffold to build a complex 3D mesh. HPCs were distributed three-dimensionally inside this MSC network and formed ß-catenin- and N-cadherin-based intercellular junctions to the surrounding MSCs. Using RT(2)-PCR and western blots, we demonstrate that a proportion of HPCs maintained the expression of CD34 throughout a culture period of 14 days. In colony-forming unit assays, the hematopoietic stem cell plasticity remained similar after 14 days of bioreactor co-culture, whereas monolayer co-cultures showed increasing signs of HPC differentiation and loss of stemness. These data support the notion that the 3D microenvironment created within the microcavity array preserves vital stem cell functions of HPCs more efficiently than conventional co-culture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Wuchter
- Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,HEiKA - Heidelberg Karlsruhe Research Partnership, Heidelberg University and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Heidelberg and Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Rainer Saffrich
- Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,HEiKA - Heidelberg Karlsruhe Research Partnership, Heidelberg University and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Heidelberg and Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefan Giselbrecht
- HEiKA - Heidelberg Karlsruhe Research Partnership, Heidelberg University and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Heidelberg and Karlsruhe, Germany.,Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Cordula Nies
- Institute for Biological Interfaces-5, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Karlsruhe, Germany.,HEiKA - Heidelberg Karlsruhe Research Partnership, Heidelberg University and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Heidelberg and Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hanna Lorig
- Institute for Biological Interfaces-5, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Karlsruhe, Germany.,HEiKA - Heidelberg Karlsruhe Research Partnership, Heidelberg University and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Heidelberg and Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stephanie Kolb
- Institute for Biological Interfaces-5, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Karlsruhe, Germany.,HEiKA - Heidelberg Karlsruhe Research Partnership, Heidelberg University and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Heidelberg and Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anthony D Ho
- Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,HEiKA - Heidelberg Karlsruhe Research Partnership, Heidelberg University and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Heidelberg and Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Eric Gottwald
- Institute for Biological Interfaces-5, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Karlsruhe, Germany. .,HEiKA - Heidelberg Karlsruhe Research Partnership, Heidelberg University and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Heidelberg and Karlsruhe, Germany.
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107
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Yuan YH, Zhou CF, Lu ZY, Wang XL, Ding Y, Li D. Intrabone marrow injection enhances placental mesenchymal stem cellmediated support of hematopoiesis in mice. Turk J Med Sci 2016; 46:174-84. [PMID: 27511352 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1411-161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM In order to determine the synergistic effects of human placental mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs) on hematopoiesis in vivo, we compared the intrabone marrow injection (IBMI) with the conventional intravenous injection (IVI). MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6 recipient mice conditioned with lethal doses of irradiation were transplanted with bone marrow mononuclear cells (MNCs) and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) from BALB/c mice by IBMI or IVI. NOD/SCID recipient mice conditioned with sublethal doses of irradiation were transplanted with human umbilical cord blood MNCs (UCB-MNCs) and PMSCs by IBMI or IVI. RESULTS The number of hematopoietic cells was significantly higher in mice transplanted with BMSCs by IBMI than in those transplanted by IVI in a murine transplantation model (BALB/c→C57BL/6). Moreover, the percentage of human hematopoietic cells in the tibiae of the NOD/SCID mice that were transplanted with PMSCs plus UCB-MNCs was higher than that in mice transplanted with UCB-MNCs alone. In addition, in mice that were transplanted with PMSCs, PMSCs injected by IBMI were more efficient than those injected by IVI. CONCLUSION Our results not only elucidated the role of PMSCs in promoting hematopoiesis, but also revealed the therapeutic potential of the combination of PMSCs and IBMI in transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Hong Yuan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Tai-He Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Chun Fang Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Yong Lu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Tai-He Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Li Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Tai-He Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Yan Ding
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Tai-He Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Dongsheng Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Tai-He Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, P.R. China
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108
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van Pel M, Fibbe WE, Schepers K. The human and murine hematopoietic stem cell niches: are they comparable? Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1370:55-64. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa van Pel
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden the Netherlands
| | - Willem E. Fibbe
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden the Netherlands
| | - Koen Schepers
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden the Netherlands
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109
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Chen W, Wang S, Xia J, Huang Z, Tu X, Shen Z. Protein phosphatase 2A plays an important role in migration of bone marrow stroma cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 412:173-80. [PMID: 26708215 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2624-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Administration of bone marrow stroma cells (BMSCs) has the potential to ameliorate degenerative disorders and to repair injured sites. The homing of transplanted BMSCs to damaged tissues is a critical property of engraftment. Therefore, it is important to understand signal molecules controlling migration of BMSCs. Here, we demonstrate that serine-threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is responsive to migration of BMSCs. Pharmacological Inhibition of PP2A, using okadaic acid (OA), leads to attenuated cell migration in rat primary BMSCs both in the absence or presence of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1). Consistent with the above findings, knockdown of the main catalytic subunit PP2Acα using small interfering RNA also attenuates chemotaxis of BMSCs. On the other hand, cell viability of BMSCs remains unchanged with OA treatment or knockdown of PP2Acα subunit. Moreover, we observed an upregulation of PP2A-B55β in transcription level after SDF-1 treatment, indicating their potential role as the functioning regulatory subunit of PP2A phosphatase in BMSCs migration model. Collectively, these data provide first insight into the modulation of BMSCs migration by PP2A phosphatase activity and lay a foundation for exploring PP2A signaling as a modulating target for BMSCs transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqian Chen
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shizhen Wang
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Xia
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zan Huang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Tu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenya Shen
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
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110
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Wei H, Zhao X, Yuan R, Dai X, Li Y, Liu L. Effects of PB-EPCs on Homing Ability of Rabbit BMSCs via Endogenous SDF-1 and MCP-1. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145044. [PMID: 26660527 PMCID: PMC4682485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumas, infections, tumors, and some congenital malformations can lead to bone defects or even bone loss. The goal of the present study was to investigate whether inclusion of endothelial progenitor cells derived from peripheral blood (PB–EPCs) in cell-seeded partially deproteinized bone (PDPB) implants would stimulate recruitment of systemically injected bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) to the implant. Methods: BMSCs were injected intravenously with lentiviral expression vector expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) for tracing. Recruitment of eGFP-positive BMSCs was tested for the following implant configurations: 1) seeded with both BMSC and PB-EPC, 2) BMSC alone, 3) PB-EPC alone, and 4) unseeded PDPB. Protein and mRNA levels of endogenous stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and its receptor CXCR4, as well as monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and its receptor CCR2, were evaluated on the 8th week. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to determine eGFP-positive areas at the defective sites. Masson’s trichrome staining was conducted to observe the distribution of collagen deposition and evaluate the extent of osteogenesis. Results: The mRNA and protein levels of SDF-1 and CXCR4 in the co-culture group were higher than those in other groups (p < 0.05) 8 weeks after the surgery. MCP-1 mRNA level in the co-culture group was also higher than that in the other groups (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemical assays revealed that the area covered by eGFP-positive cells was larger in the co-culture group than in the other groups (p < 0.05) after 4 weeks. Masson’s trichrome staining revealed better osteogenic potential of the co-culture group compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These experiments demonstrate an association between PB-EPC and BMSC recruitment mediated by the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis that can enhance repair of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxiao Wei
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, PR of China
| | - Xian Zhao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, PR of China
| | - Ruihong Yuan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, PR of China
| | - Xiaoming Dai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, PR of China
| | - Yisong Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, PR of China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, PR of China
- * E-mail:
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111
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Gou X, Wang R, Lam SSY, Hou J, Leung AYH, Sun D. Cell adhesion manipulation through single cell assembly for characterization of initial cell-to-cell interaction. Biomed Eng Online 2015; 14:114. [PMID: 26652601 PMCID: PMC4676142 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-015-0109-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-to-cell interactions are complex processes that involve physical interactions, chemical binding, and biological signaling pathways. Identification of the functions of special signaling pathway in cell-to-cell interaction from the very first contact will help characterize the mechanism underlying the interaction and advance new drug discovery. METHODS This paper reported a case study of characterizing initial interaction between leukemia cancer cells and bone marrow stromal cells, through the use of an optical tweezers-based cell manipulation tool. Optical traps were used to assemble leukemia cells at different positions of the stromal cell layer and enable their interactions by applying a small trapping force to maintain the cell contact for a few minutes. Specific drug was used to inhibit the binding of molecules during receptor-ligand-mediated adhesion. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that the amount of adhesion molecule could affect cell adhesion during the first few minutes contact. We also found that leukemia cancer cells could migrate on the stromal cell layer, which was dependent on the adhesion state and activation triggered by specific chemokine. The reported approaches provided a new opportunity to investigate cell-to-cell interaction through single cell adhesion manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Gou
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Stephen S Y Lam
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jundi Hou
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Anskar Y H Leung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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112
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Murakami JL, Xu B, Franco CB, Hu X, Galli SJ, Weissman IL, Chen CC. Evidence that β7 Integrin Regulates Hematopoietic Stem Cell Homing and Engraftment Through Interaction with MAdCAM-1. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 25:18-26. [PMID: 26422691 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
α4β7 integrin is a cell adhesion receptor that is crucial for the migration of hematopoietic progenitors and mature effector cells in the periphery, but its role in adult hematopoiesis is controversial. We identified a subset of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow (BM) that expressed β7 integrin. These β7(+) HSCs were capable of multilineage, long-term reconstitution and had an inherent competitive advantage over β7(-) HSCs. On the other hand, HSCs that lacked β7 integrin (β7KO) had reduced engraftment potential. Interestingly, quantitative RT-PCR and flow cytometry revealed that β7KO HSCs expressed lower levels of the chemokine receptor CXCR4. Accordingly, β7KO HSCs exhibited impaired migration abilities in vitro and BM homing capabilities in vivo. Lethal irradiation induced expression of the α4β7 integrin ligand-mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1) on BM endothelial cells. Moreover, blocking MAdCAM-1 reduced the homing of HSCs and impaired the survival of recipient mice. Altogether, these data indicate that β7 integrin, when expressed by HSCs, interacted with its endothelial ligand MAdCAM-1 in the BM microenvironment, thereby promoting HSC homing and engraftment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi L Murakami
- 1 Division of Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Leukemia Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope , Duarte, California.,2 City of Hope Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences , Duarte, California.,3 Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research at City of Hope , Duarte, California
| | - Baohui Xu
- 4 Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Christopher B Franco
- 5 Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California.,6 Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Xingbin Hu
- 1 Division of Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Leukemia Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope , Duarte, California.,7 Department of Transfusion Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Stephen J Galli
- 5 Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California.,8 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Irving L Weissman
- 5 Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California.,6 Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Ching-Cheng Chen
- 1 Division of Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Leukemia Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope , Duarte, California.,2 City of Hope Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences , Duarte, California.,3 Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research at City of Hope , Duarte, California
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Escobedo-Cousin M, Jackson N, Laza-Briviesca R, Ariza-McNaughton L, Luevano M, Derniame S, Querol S, Blundell M, Thrasher A, Soria B, Cooper N, Bonnet D, Madrigal A, Saudemont A. Natural Killer Cells Improve Hematopoietic Stem Cell Engraftment by Increasing Stem Cell Clonogenicity In Vitro and in a Humanized Mouse Model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138623. [PMID: 26465138 PMCID: PMC4605799 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cord blood (CB) is increasingly used as a source of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) for transplantation. Low incidence and severity of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and a robust graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effect are observed following CB transplantation (CBT). However, its main disadvantages are a limited number of HSC per unit, delayed immune reconstitution and a higher incidence of infection. Unmanipulated grafts contain accessory cells that may facilitate HSC engraftment. Therefore, the effects of accessory cells, particularly natural killer (NK) cells, on human CB HSC (CBSC) functions were assessed in vitro and in vivo. CBSC cultured with autologous CB NK cells showed higher levels of CXCR4 expression, a higher migration index and a higher number of colony forming units (CFU) after short-term and long-term cultures. We found that CBSC secreted CXCL9 following interaction with CB NK cells. In addition, recombinant CXCL9 increased CBSC clonogenicity, recapitulating the effect observed of CB NK cells on CBSC. Moreover, the co-infusion of CBSC with CB NK cells led to a higher level of CBSC engraftment in NSG mouse model. The results presented in this work offer the basis for an alternative approach to enhance HSC engraftment that could improve the outcome of CBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Escobedo-Cousin
- University College London, Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Jackson
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Martha Luevano
- University College London, Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Derniame
- University College London, Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sergio Querol
- Programa Concordia Banc de Sang i Teixits, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Blundell
- University College London, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Thrasher
- University College London, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bernat Soria
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), Fundación Progreso y Salud, Seville, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network on Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nichola Cooper
- Haematology Department, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dominique Bonnet
- Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alejandro Madrigal
- University College London, Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aurore Saudemont
- University College London, Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
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114
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Association between in vivo bone formation and ex vivo migratory capacity of human bone marrow stromal cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:196. [PMID: 26450135 PMCID: PMC4599318 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0188-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is a clinical need for developing systemic transplantation protocols for use of human skeletal stem cells (also known bone marrow stromal stem cells) (hBMSC) in tissue regeneration. In systemic transplantation studies, only a limited number of hBMSC home to injured tissues suggesting that only a subpopulation of hBMSC possesses “homing” capacity. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that a subpopulation of hBMSC defined by ability to form heterotopic bone in vivo, is capable of homing to injured bone. Methods We tested ex vivo and in vivo homing capacity of a number of clonal cell populations derived from telomerized hBMSC (hBMSC-TERT) with variable ability to form heterotopic bone when implanted subcutaneously in immune deficient mice. In vitro transwell migration assay was used and the in vivo homing ability of transplanted hBMSC to bone fractures in mice was visualized by bioluminescence imaging (BLI). In order to identify the molecular phenotype associated with enhanced migration, we carried out comparative DNA microarray analysis of gene expression of hBMSC-derived high bone forming (HBF) clones versus low bone forming (LBF) clones. Results HBF clones were exhibited higher ex vivo transwell migration and following intravenous injection, better in vivo homing ability to bone fracture when compared to LBF clones. Comparative microarray analysis of HBF versus LBF clones identified enrichment of gene categories of chemo-attraction, adhesion and migration associated genes. Among these, platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) α and β were highly expressed in HBF clones. Follow up studies showed that the chemoattractant effects of PDGF in vitro was more enhanced in HBF compared to LBF clones and this effect was reduced in presence of a PDGFRβ-specific inhibitor: SU-16 f. Also, PDGF exerted greater chemoattractant effect on PDGFRβ+ cells sorted from LBF clones compared to PDGFRβ- cells. Conclusion Our data demonstrate phenotypic and molecular association between in vivo bone forming ability and migratory capacity of hBMSC. PDGFRβ can be used as a potential marker for the prospective selection of hBMSC populations with high migration and bone formation capacities suitable for clinical trials for enhancing bone regeneration. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-015-0188-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Nin DS, Li F, Visvanathan S, Khan M. Misfolded N-CoR is Linked to the Ectopic Reactivation of CD34/Flt3-Based Stem-Cell Phenotype in Promyelocytic and Monocytic Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Oncol 2015; 5:210. [PMID: 26500885 PMCID: PMC4595783 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptor co-repressor (N-CoR) is the key component of generic co-repressor complex essential for the transcriptional control of genes involved in cellular hemostasis. We have recently reported that N-CoR actively represses Flt3, a key factor of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) self-renewal and growth, and that de-repression of Flt3 by the misfolded N-CoR plays an important role in the pathogenesis of promyelocytic and monocytic acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The leukemic cells derived from the promyelocytic and monocytic AML are distinctly characterized by the ectopic reactivation of stem cell phenotypes in relatively committed myeloid compartment. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this phenomenon is not known. Here, we report that N-CoR function is essential for the commitment of primitive hematopoietic cells to the cells of myeloid lineage and that loss of N-CoR function due to misfolding is linked to the ectopic reactivation of generic stem cell phenotypes in promyelocytic and monocytic AML. Analysis of N-CoR and Flt3 transcripts in mouse hematopoietic cells revealed a positive correlation between N-CoR level and the commitment of myeloid cells and an inverse correlation between N-CoR and Flt3 levels in primitive as well as committed myeloid cells. Enforced N-CoR expression in mouse HSCs inhibited their growth and self-renewal potentials and promoted maturation toward cells of myeloid lineage, suggesting a role of N-CoR in the commitment of cells of myeloid lineage. In contrast to AML cells with natively folded N-CoR, primary and secondary promyelocytic and monocytic AML cells harboring the misfolded N-CoR were highly positive for Flt3 and myeloid antigen-based HSC marker CD34. Genetic and therapeutic restoration of N-CoR conformation significantly down-regulated the CD34 levels in monocytic AML cells, suggesting an important role of N-CoR in the suppression of CD34-based HSC phenotypes. These findings collectively suggest that N-CoR is crucial for the commitment of primitive hematopoietic cells to cells of myeloid lineage and that misfolded N-CoR may contribute to transformation of committed myeloid cells through the ectopic reactivation of Flt3/CD34-based stem cell phenotypes in promyelocytic and monocytic AML. Moreover, these findings provide novel mechanistic insights into the formation of leukemic stem cells in subsets of AML and identify the misfolded N-CoR as a subtype-specific biomarker of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Sijin Nin
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Sridevi Visvanathan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, AIMST University , Semeling , Malaysia
| | - Matiullah Khan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, AIMST University , Semeling , Malaysia
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117
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Khan MI, Czarnecka AM, Helbrecht I, Bartnik E, Lian F, Szczylik C. Current approaches in identification and isolation of human renal cell carcinoma cancer stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:178. [PMID: 26377541 PMCID: PMC4574074 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0177-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, cancer stem cells (CSCs)/tumor initiating cells (TICs) have been identified inside different tumors. However, currently used anti-cancer therapies are mostly directed against somatic tumor cells without targeting CSCs/TICs. CSCs/TICs also gain resistance to chemotherapies/radiotherapies. For the development of efficient treatment strategies, choosing the best method for isolation and characterization of CSCs/TICs is still debated among the scientific community. In this review, we summarize recent data concerning isolation techniques for CSCs using magnetic cell sorting and flow cytometry. The review focuses on the strategies for sample preparation during flow cytometric analysis, elaborating biomarkers such as CXCR4, CD105, and CD133. In addition, functional properties characteristic of CSCs/TICs using side population selection through Hoechst 33342 dye, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1, dye-cycle violet, and rhodamine 123 are also discussed. We also include a special focus on enriching CSCs/TICs using three-dimensional cell culture models such as agarose–agarose microbeads and sphere formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed I Khan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Clinic of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, ul. Szaserów 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna M Czarnecka
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Clinic of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, ul. Szaserów 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Igor Helbrecht
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Clinic of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, ul. Szaserów 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Bartnik
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.,Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Fei Lian
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Cezary Szczylik
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Clinic of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, ul. Szaserów 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland
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Khurana S, Melacarne A, Yadak R, Schouteden S, Notelaers T, Pistoni M, Maes C, Verfaillie CM. SMAD signaling regulates CXCL12 expression in the bone marrow niche, affecting homing and mobilization of hematopoietic progenitors. Stem Cells 2015; 32:3012-22. [PMID: 25069965 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that ex vivo activation of SMAD-independent bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) signaling in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) influences their homing into the bone marrow (BM). Here, we assessed whether alterations in BMP signaling in vivo affects adult hematopoiesis by affecting the BM niche. We demonstrate that systemic inhibition of SMAD-dependent BMP signaling by infusion of the BMP antagonist noggin (NGN) significantly increased CXCL12 levels in BM plasma leading to enhanced homing and engraftment of transplanted HSPCs. Conversely, the infusion of BMP7 but not BMP4, resulted in decreased HSPC homing. Using ST2 cells as an in vitro model of BM niche, we found that incubation with neutralizing anti-BMP4 antibodies, NGN, or dorsomorphin (DM) as well as knockdown of Smad1/5 and Bmp4, all enhanced CXCL12 production. Chromatin immunoprecipitation identified the SMAD-binding element in the CXCL12 promoter to which SMAD4 binds. When deleted, increased CXCL12 promoter activity was observed, and NGN or DM no longer affected Cxcl12 expression. Interestingly, BMP7 infusion resulted in mobilization of only short-term HSCs, likely because BMP7 affected CXCL12 expression only in osteoblasts but not in other niche components. Hence, we describe SMAD-dependent BMP signaling as a novel regulator of CXCL12 production in the BM niche, influencing HSPC homing, engraftment, and mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Khurana
- Inter-Departmental Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Belgium
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Skirecki T, Kawiak J, Machaj E, Pojda Z, Wasilewska D, Czubak J, Hoser G. Early severe impairment of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from the bone marrow caused by CLP sepsis and endotoxemia in a humanized mice model. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:142. [PMID: 26272069 PMCID: PMC4536694 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0135-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction An effective immune response to severe bacterial infections requires a robust production of the innate immunity cells from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in a process called emergency myelopoiesis. In sepsis, an altered immune response that leads to a failure of bacterial clearance is often observed. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of sepsis on human HSPCs in the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment of humanized mice subjected to acute endotoxemia and polymicrobial sepsis. Methods Humanized mice (hu-NSG) were generated by transplanting NOD.Cg-Prkdc/scidIL2rγ (NSG) mice with the human cord blood CD34+ cells. Eight weeks after the transplantation, hu-NSG mice were subjected to sepsis induced by endotoxemia—Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS)—or by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Twenty-four hours later, HSPCs from BM were analyzed by flow cytometry and colony-forming unit (CFU) assay. CLP after inhibition of Notch signaling was also performed. The effects of LPS on the in vitro proliferation of CD34+ cells from human BM were tested by CellTrace Violet dye staining. Results The expression of Toll-like receptor 4 receptor was present among engrafted human HSPCs. Both CLP and endotoxemia decreased (by 43 % and 37 %) cellularity of the BM. In addition, in both models, accumulation of early CD34+ CD38− HSCs was observed, but the number of CD34+ CD38+ progenitors decreased. After CLP, there was a 1.5-fold increase of proliferating CD34+ CD38−Ki-67+ cells. Moreover, CFU assay revealed a depressed (by 75 % after LPS and by 50 % after CLP) production of human hematopoietic colonies from the BM of septic mice. In contrast, in vitro LPS stimulated differentiation of CD34+ CD38− HSCs but did not induce proliferation of these cells in contrast to the CD34+ CD38+ progenitors. CLP sepsis modulated the BM microenvironment by upregulation of Jagged-1 expression on non-hematopoietic cells, and the proliferation of HSCs was Notch-dependent. Conclusions CLP sepsis and endotoxemia induced a similar expansion and proliferation of early HSCs in the BM, while committed progenitors decreased. It is suggestive that the Notch pathway contributed to this effect. Targeting early hematopoiesis may be considered as a viable alternative in the existing arsenal of supportive therapies in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Skirecki
- Department of Flow Cytometry, The Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813, Warsaw, Poland. .,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, The Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Czerniakowska 231, 00-416, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Kawiak
- Department of Flow Cytometry, The Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Eugeniusz Machaj
- Department of Cellular Engineering, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, W. Roentgena 5, 02-781, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Zygmunt Pojda
- Department of Cellular Engineering, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, W. Roentgena 5, 02-781, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Danuta Wasilewska
- Department of Clinical Cytology, The Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymocnka 99/103, 01-813, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jarosław Czubak
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, The Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Konarskiego 13, 05-400, Otwock, Poland.
| | - Grażyna Hoser
- Department of Clinical Cytology, The Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymocnka 99/103, 01-813, Warsaw, Poland.
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Sharma M, Afrin F, Tripathi RP, Gangenahalli G. Transgene expression study of CXCR4 active mutants. Potential prospects in up-modulation of homing and engraftment efficiency of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Cell Adh Migr 2015; 8:384-8. [PMID: 25482641 DOI: 10.4161/cam.29285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Homing and engraftment, a determining factor in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation success is defined as a process through which hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) lodge recipient bone marrow. SDF-1/CXCR4 axis acts as a principle regulator in homing and engraftment, however, CXCR4 signaling is dependent upon expression of CXCR4 and its ligand SDF-1, which is highly dynamic. Hence, present investigation was aimed to explore the potential of CXCR4 constitutive active mutants (CXCR4-CAMs) in overcoming the limitation of CXCR4 signaling and up-modulate its efficiency in homing and engraftment. Regulated transgene expression study of these mutants revealed their significantly enhanced cell adhesion efficiency to endothelium and extracellular matrix protein. This altogether indicates promising prospects of CXCR4-CAMs in research aimed to improve HSPCs engraftment efficiency.
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Key Words
- Ala, Alanine
- Asn, Asparagine
- BM, Bone Marrow
- BMEC, Bone marrow endothelial cells
- BSA, Bovine Serum Albumin
- CAMs, Constitutive Active Mutants
- CXCR4
- Conc., Concentration
- ECM, Extracellular matrix
- FBS, Fetal Bovine Serum
- FN, Fibronectin
- HSPCs
- HSPCs, Hematopoietic Stem/ Progenitor Cells
- HUVECs, Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial cells
- IMDM, Iscove's Modified Dulbecco Media
- LIF, Leukemia Inhibitory Factor
- MCS, Multi Cloning Site
- Ser, Serine
- TM3, Transmembrane three domain
- engraftment
- homing
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Affiliation(s)
- Menka Sharma
- a Stem Cell & Gene Therapy Research Group ; Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences ; Delhi , India
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The effect of stromal cell-derived factor 1 in the migration of neural stem cells. Cell Biochem Biophys 2015; 70:1609-16. [PMID: 25241080 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0103-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) have widely been used in the treatment of human neurological disorders as cell therapy via intracerebral or intraventricular infusion. However, the migration mechanism required for NSCs homing and recruitment remains to be elucidated. Recently, SDF-1/CXCR4 axis was shown to be responsible for in cell migration and differentiation during the neural development stage and involved in the pathophysiological process of neurological disorders. In this study, we investigated the effect of SDF-1 in migration of NSCs in vitro and in vivo. The expression of CXCR4 receptor was examined by immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR. The migratory ability of NSCs induced by SDF-1 was assessed by transwell chemotaxis assay. The traumatic brain injury rat model was well established, and the recruitment of NSCs and expression of SDF-1 were investigated in vivo. Our findings demonstrated that SDF-1, in vitro, significantly induced the migratory of NSCs in a dose-dependent manner. An overexpression of neural stem cell marker Nestin in the hippocampus was observed after TBI, and the expressions of SDF-1 surrounding the lesion areas were significantly increased. Our results suggested that the migration of NSCs was activated by chemotactic effect of SDF-1. It was also proved the relevance of SDF-1 in the migration of endogenous NSCs after brain injury. Taken together, these results demonstrated that SDF-1/CXCR4 axis may play crucial role in the migration of Nestin-positive cell after brain injury.
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da Silva Júnior WS, de Godoy-Matos AF, Kraemer-Aguiar LG. Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4: A New Link between Diabetes Mellitus and Atherosclerosis? BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:816164. [PMID: 26146634 PMCID: PMC4471315 DOI: 10.1155/2015/816164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become one of the most prevalent noncommunicable diseases in the past years. It is undoubtedly associated with atherosclerosis and increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. Incretins, which are intestinal peptides secreted during digestion, are able to increase insulin secretion and its impaired function and/or secretion is involved in the pathophysiology of T2DM. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is an ubiquitous enzyme that regulates incretins and consequently is related to the pathophysiology of T2DM. DPP4 is mainly secreted by endothelial cells and acts as a regulatory protease for cytokines, chemokines, and neuropeptides involved in inflammation, immunity, and vascular function. In T2DM, the activity of DPP4 seems to be increased and there are a growing number of in vitro and in vivo studies suggesting that this enzyme could be a new link between T2DM and atherosclerosis. Gliptins are a new class of pharmaceutical agents that acts by inhibiting DPP4. Thus, it is expected that gliptin represents a new pharmacological approach not only for reducing glycemic levels in T2DM, but also for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in diabetic subjects. We aimed to review the evidences that reinforce the associations between DPP4, atherosclerosis, and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wellington Santana da Silva Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Clinical and Experimental Physiopathology (FISCLINEX), State University of Rio de Janeiro, 20551-030 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Diabetes Department, State Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology (IEDE), 21330-683 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Guilherme Kraemer-Aguiar
- Obesity Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Policlínica Piquet Carneiro (UERJ), 20551-030 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology, Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Lin S, Zhao R, Xiao Y, Li P. Mechanisms determining the fate of hematopoietic stem cells. Stem Cell Investig 2015; 2:10. [PMID: 27358878 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2306-9759.2015.05.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Successful in vitro expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) will facilitate the application of HSC transplantation for the treatment of various diseases, including hematological malignancies. To achieve this expansion, the molecular mechanisms that control the fate of HSCs must be deciphered. Leukemia-initiating cells (LICs) or leukemia stem cells (LSCs) may originate from normal HSCs, which suggest that the dysregulation of the mechanisms that regulate the cell fate of HSCs may underlie leukemogenesis. Here we review the recent progress in the application of HSCs, the regulatory mechanisms of the fate of HSCs, and the origins of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouheng Lin
- 1 Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, 2 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Ruocong Zhao
- 1 Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, 2 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yiren Xiao
- 1 Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, 2 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Peng Li
- 1 Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, 2 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
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New therapeutic targets for cancer bone metastasis. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 36:360-73. [PMID: 25962679 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bone metastases are dejected consequences of many types of tumors including breast, prostate, lung, kidney, and thyroid cancers. This complicated process begins with the successful tumor cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition, escape from the original site, and penetration into the circulation. The homing of tumor cells to the bone depends on both tumor-intrinsic traits and various molecules supplied by the bone metastatic niche. The colonization and growth of cancer cells in the osseous environment, which awaken their dormancy to form micro- and macro-metastasis, involve an intricate interaction between the circulating tumor cells and local bone cells including osteoclasts, osteoblasts, adipocytes, and macrophages. We discuss the most recent advances in the identification of new molecules and novel mechanisms during each step of bone metastasis that may serve as promising therapeutic targets.
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125
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Liesveld J. Plerixafor: potential role in acute leukemia therapy. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2015. [DOI: 10.1517/21678707.2015.1020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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126
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ANGPTL2 increases bone metastasis of breast cancer cells through enhancing CXCR4 signaling. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9170. [PMID: 25773070 PMCID: PMC4360633 DOI: 10.1038/srep09170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metastasis of breast cancer cells is a major concern, as it causes increased morbidity and mortality in patients. Bone tissue-derived CXCL12 preferentially recruits breast cancer cells expressing CXCR4 to bone metastatic sites. Thus, understanding how CXCR4 expression is regulated in breast cancer cells could suggest approaches to decrease bone metastasis of breast tumor cells. Here, we show that tumor cell-derived angiopoietin-like protein 2 (ANGPTL2) increases responsiveness of breast cancer cells to CXCL12 by promoting up-regulation of CXCR4 in those cells. In addition, we used a xenograft mouse model established by intracardiac injection of tumor cells to show that ANGPTL2 knockdown in breast cancer cells attenuates tumor cell responsiveness to CXCL12 by decreasing CXCR4 expression in those cells, thereby decreasing bone metastasis. Finally, we found that ANGPTL2 and CXCR4 expression levels within primary tumor tissues from breast cancer patients are positively correlated. We conclude that tumor cell-derived ANGPTL2 may increase bone metastasis by enhancing breast tumor cell responsiveness to CXCL12 signaling through up-regulation of tumor cell CXCR4 expression. These findings may suggest novel therapeutic approaches to treat metastatic breast cancer.
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127
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Russell A, Malik S, Litzow M, Gastineau D, Roy V, Zubair AC. Dual roles of autologous CD8+ T cells in hematopoietic progenitor cell mobilization and engraftment. Transfusion 2015; 55:1758-65; quiz 1757. [PMID: 25757596 DOI: 10.1111/trf.13073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor marrow cellularity alone cannot explain poor hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) mobilization. This study assessed the role of CD8+ T cells in HPC cell mobilization and engraftment. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Mobilization and engraftment were assessed in 192 autologous HPC donors. CD34+, CD4+, and CD8+ T-cell contents in apheresis products were evaluated. Using a chemotaxis assay, we assessed the effect of purified autologous CD8+ T cells from low and high mobilizers on HPC migration from high to low stromal cell-derived factor (SDF-1α) concentration gradients. We also assessed CD8+ T-cell content association with days to neutrophil engraftment. RESULTS The median number of CD34+ cells/kg was 4.7 × 10(6) . Patients were categorized according to their total CD34+ cell collection quartile distribution into low, moderate, and high mobilizers. We found that HPC products from low mobilizers contained more CD8+ T cells than HPC products from moderate and high mobilizers. Chemotaxis assays showed depletion of CD8+ T cells enhances HPC mobilization independent of SDF-1α concentration. Neutrophil engraftment analysis showed that the higher the CD8+ T-cell content per unit CD34+ cell, the faster the rate of engraftment. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest CD8+ T cells inhibit HPC mobilization and facilitate homing and engraftment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athena Russell
- Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Sunita Malik
- Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Mark Litzow
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Dennis Gastineau
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Vivek Roy
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Abba C Zubair
- Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Jacksonville, Florida
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128
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Shen C, Lie P, Miao T, Yu M, Lu Q, Feng T, Li J, Zu T, Liu X, Li H. Conditioned medium from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells induces migration and angiogenesis. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:20-30. [PMID: 25739039 PMCID: PMC4438972 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) have been suggested as a candidate for various clinical applications, however, major limitations include the lack of organ-specific accumulation and low survival rates of transplanted cells. In the present study, it was hypothesized that the paracrine effects of UC‑MSCs may enhance stem cell-based tissue repair and regeneration by promoting the specific homing of stem/progenitor cells and the overall ability to drive them to the damaged area. UC-MSCs-derived conditioned medium (UC-CM) was analyzed using liquid chip and ELISA techniques. In vitro tube formation assays of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and UC-MSCs were then performed to assess the angiogenic properties of UC-CM. Subsequently, UC-MSCs, HUVECs and fibroblasts were labeled with PKH26 for an in vivo cell migration assay. The expression levels of C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), C-C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) and c-met were determined in the UC-MSCs, HUVECs and fibroblasts using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry. UC-CM was incubated with or without antibodies, and the contribution of stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) on the migration of cells was investigated in vitro. The results demonstrated that UC-MSCs secreted different cytokines and chemokines, including increased quantities of SDF-1, MCP-1 and HGF, in addition to the angiogenic factors, vascular cell adhesion protein-1, interleukin-8, insulin-like growth factor-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor. The total lengths of the tubes were significantly increased in the UC-MSCs and HUVECs incubated in UC-CM compared with those incubated in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium. In vivo cell migration assays demonstrated that UC-CM was a chemotactic stimulus for the UC-MSCs and HUVECs. In vitro Matrigel migration and scratch healing assays demonstrated that UC-CM increased the migration of CXCR4-positive or/and CCR2-positive cells in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, different molecules were screened under antibody-based blocking migration conditions. The data revealed that the SDF-1/CXCR4 and MCP-1/CCR2 axes were involved in the chemoattractive activity of UC-CM and suggested that the effective paracrine factor of UC-CM is a large complex rather than a single factor. The results of the present study supported the hypothesis that UC-MSCs release soluble factors, which may extend the therapeutic applicability of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic, Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of the Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Puchang Lie
- Key Laboratory of Regeneratative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, P.R. China
| | - Tianyu Miao
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Meixing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic, Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of the Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Qiao Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ting Feng
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic, Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of the Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jinrong Li
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Zu
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic, Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of the Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohuan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hong Li
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic, Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of the Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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129
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Sakashita K, Kato I, Daifu T, Saida S, Hiramatsu H, Nishinaka Y, Ebihara Y, Ma F, Matsuda K, Saito S, Hirabayashi K, Kurata T, Uyen LTN, Nakazawa Y, Tsuji K, Heike T, Nakahata T, Koike K. In vitro expansion of CD34(+)CD38(-) cells under stimulation with hematopoietic growth factors on AGM-S3 cells in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia. Leukemia 2015; 29:606-14. [PMID: 25102944 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Using serum-containing culture, we examined whether AGM-S3 stromal cells, alone or in combination with hematopoietic growth factor(s), stimulated the proliferation of CD34(+) cells from patients with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML). AGM-S3 cells in concert with stem cell factor plus thrombopoietin increased the numbers of peripheral blood CD34(+) cells to approximately 20-fold of the input value after 2 weeks in nine JMML patients with either PTPN11 mutations or RAS mutations, who received allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) also augmented the proliferation of JMML CD34(+) cells on AGM-S3 cells. The expansion potential of CD34(+) cells was markedly low in four patients who achieved spontaneous hematological improvement. A large proportion of day-14-cultured CD34(+) cells were negative for CD38 and cryopreservable. Cultured JMML CD34(+)CD38(-) cells expressed CD117, CD116, c-mpl, CD123, CD90, but not CXCR4, and formed GM and erythroid colonies. Day-7-cultured CD34(+) cells from two of three JMML patients injected intrafemorally into immunodeficient mice stimulated with human GM-CSF after transplantation displayed significant hematopoietic reconstitution. The abilities of OP9 cells and MS-5 cells were one-third and one-tenth, respectively, of the value obtained with AGM-S3 cells. Our culture system may provide a useful tool for elucidating leukemogenesis and for therapeutic approaches in JMML.
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MESH Headings
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1/genetics
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1/metabolism
- Adolescent
- Animals
- Antigens, CD34/genetics
- Antigens, CD34/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Clone Cells
- Coculture Techniques
- Embryonic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Embryonic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Embryonic Stem Cells/pathology
- GTP Phosphohydrolases/genetics
- GTP Phosphohydrolases/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/pharmacology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/pathology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Juvenile/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Juvenile/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Juvenile/pathology
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Mutation
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/transplantation
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11/genetics
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)
- Signal Transduction
- Stromal Cells/drug effects
- Stromal Cells/metabolism
- Stromal Cells/pathology
- ras Proteins/genetics
- ras Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sakashita
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - I Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Daifu
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - S Saida
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - H Hiramatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Y Nishinaka
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Y Ebihara
- 1] Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Research Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Japan [2] Division of Stem Cell Processing, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Japan
| | - F Ma
- 1] Division of Stem Cell Processing, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Japan [2] Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - K Matsuda
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - S Saito
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - K Hirabayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - T Kurata
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - L T N Uyen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Y Nakazawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - K Tsuji
- 1] Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Research Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Japan [2] Division of Stem Cell Processing, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Japan [3] Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu Ueda Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Ueda, Japan
| | - T Heike
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Nakahata
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - K Koike
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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130
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Shiah YJ, Tharmapalan P, Casey AE, Joshi PA, McKee TD, Jackson HW, Beristain AG, Chan-Seng-Yue MA, Bader GD, Lydon JP, Waterhouse PD, Boutros PC, Khokha R. A Progesterone-CXCR4 Axis Controls Mammary Progenitor Cell Fate in the Adult Gland. Stem Cell Reports 2015; 4:313-322. [PMID: 28447939 PMCID: PMC4376056 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Progesterone drives mammary stem and progenitor cell dynamics through paracrine mechanisms that are currently not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that CXCR4, the receptor for stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF-1; CXC12), is a crucial instructor of hormone-induced mammary stem and progenitor cell function. Progesterone elicits specific changes in the transcriptome of basal and luminal mammary epithelial populations, where CXCL12 and CXCR4 represent a putative ligand-receptor pair. In situ, CXCL12 localizes to progesterone-receptor-positive luminal cells, whereas CXCR4 is induced in both basal and luminal compartments in a progesterone-dependent manner. Pharmacological inhibition of CXCR4 signaling abrogates progesterone-directed expansion of basal (CD24+CD49fhi) and luminal (CD24+CD49flo) subsets. This is accompanied by a marked reduction in CD49b+SCA-1− luminal progenitors, their functional capacity, and lobuloalveologenesis. These findings uncover CXCL12 and CXCR4 as novel paracrine effectors of hormone signaling in the adult mammary gland, and present a new avenue for potentially targeting progenitor cell growth and malignant transformation in breast cancer. Progesterone induces distinct molecular programs in mammary cell compartments CXCR4 induction occurs in lobuloalveoli and is progesterone dependent CXCR4 inhibition abrogates luminal progenitor expansion and mammopoiesis Targeting of the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis may limit mammary progenitor cell transformation
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jia Shiah
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | | | - Alison E Casey
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Purna A Joshi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Trevor D McKee
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; STTARR Innovation Centre, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Hartland W Jackson
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Alexander G Beristain
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Michelle A Chan-Seng-Yue
- Informatics and Biocomputing Platform, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Gary D Bader
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Science Building, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - John P Lydon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Paul D Waterhouse
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; Informatics and Biocomputing Platform, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Rama Khokha
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada.
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131
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Lai CY, Yamazaki S, Okabe M, Suzuki S, Maeyama Y, Iimura Y, Onodera M, Kakuta S, Iwakura Y, Nojima M, Otsu M, Nakauchi H. Stage-specific roles for CXCR4 signaling in murine hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in the process of bone marrow repopulation. Stem Cells 2015; 32:1929-42. [PMID: 24510783 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic cell transplantation has proven beneficial for various intractable diseases, but it remains unclear how hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) home to the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, initiate hematopoietic reconstitution, and maintain life-long hematopoiesis. The use of newly elucidated molecular determinants for overall HSPC engraftment should benefit patients. Here, we report that modification of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (Cxcr4) signaling in murine HSPCs does not significantly affect initial homing/lodging events, but leads to alteration in subsequent BM repopulation kinetics, with observations confirmed by both gain- and loss-of-function approaches. By using C-terminal truncated Cxcr4 as a gain-of-function effector, we demonstrated that signal augmentation likely led to favorable in vivo repopulation of primitive cell populations in BM. These improved features were correlated with enhanced seeding efficiencies in stromal cell cocultures and altered ligand-mediated phosphorylation kinetics of extracellular signal-regulated kinases observed in Cxcr4 signal-augmented HSPCs in vitro. Unexpectedly, however, sustained signal enhancement even with wild-type Cxcr4 overexpression resulted in impaired peripheral blood (PB) reconstitution, most likely by preventing release of donor hematopoietic cells from the marrow environment. We thus conclude that timely regulation of Cxcr4/CXCR4 signaling is key in providing donor HSPCs with enhanced repopulation potential following transplantation, whilst preserving the ability to release HSPC progeny into PB for improved transplantation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yi Lai
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Stem Cell Bank, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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132
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Frieling JS, Basanta D, Lynch CC. Current and emerging therapies for bone metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Cancer Control 2015; 22:109-20. [PMID: 25504285 PMCID: PMC4673894 DOI: 10.1177/107327481502200114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A paucity of therapeutic options is available to treat men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, recent developments in our understanding of the disease have resulted in several new therapies that show promise in improving overall survival rates in this patient population. METHODS Agents approved for use in the United States and those undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of mCRPC are reviewed. Recent contributions to the understanding of prostate biology and bone metastasis are discussed as well as how the underlying mechanisms may represent opportunities for therapeutic intervention. New challenges to delivering effective mCRPC treatment will also be examined. RESULTS New and emerging treatments that target androgen synthesis and utilization or the microenvironment may improve overall survival rates for men diagnosed with mCRPC. Determining how factors derived from the primary tumor can promote the development of premetastatic niches and how prostate cancer cells parasitize niches in the bone microenvironment, thus remaining dormant and protected from systemic therapy, could yield new therapies to treat mCRPC. Challenges such as intratumoral heterogeneity and patient selection can potentially be circumvented via computational biology approaches. CONCLUSIONS The emergence of novel treatments for mCRPC, combined with improved patient stratification and optimized therapy sequencing, suggests that significant gains may be made in terms of overall survival rates for men diagnosed with this form of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy S Frieling
- Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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133
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Mirzamohammadi S, Aali E, Najafi R, Kamarul T, Mehrabani M, Aminzadeh A, Sharifi AM. Effect of 17β-estradiol on mediators involved in mesenchymal stromal cell trafficking in cell therapy of diabetes. Cytotherapy 2014; 17:46-57. [PMID: 25457279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have shown great promise for cell therapy of a wide range of diseases such as diabetes. However, insufficient viability of transplanted cells reaching to damaged tissues has limited their potential therapeutic effects. Expression of estrogen receptors on stem cells may suggest a role for 17β-estradiol (E2) in regulating some functions in these cells. There is evidence that E2 enhances homing of stem cells. Induction of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) by E2 and the profound effect of HIF-1α on migration of cells have previously been demonstrated. We investigated the effect of E2 on major mediators involved in trafficking and subsequent homing of MSCs both in vitro and in vivo in diabetic rats. METHODS E2 has been selected to improve the poor migration capacity of MSCs toward sites of injury. MSCs were incubated with different concentrations of E2 for varying periods of time to investigate whether estradiol treatment could be effective to enhance the efficiency of MSC transplantation. RESULTS E2 significantly enhanced the viability of the cells that were blocked by ICI 182,780 (estrogen receptor antagonist). E2 also increased HIF-1α, CXC chemokine receptor 4 and C-C chemokine receptor 2 protein and messenger RNA levels measured by Western blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The enzymatic activity of matrix metalloproteinase 2 and metalloproteinase 9 was elevated in E2-treated cells through the use of gelatin zymography. Finally, the improved migration capacity of E2-treated MSCs was evaluated with the use of a Boyden chamber and in vivo migration assays. CONCLUSIONS Our data support that conditioning of MSCs with E2 promotes migration of cells in cultured MSCs in vitro and in a diabetic rat model in vivo through regulation of major mediators of cell trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Mirzamohammadi
- Razi Drug Research Center and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Aali
- Razi Drug Research Center and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvan Najafi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Tunku Kamarul
- Tissue Engineering Group (TEG) and Research, National Orthopedic Centre of Excellence in Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mehrnaz Mehrabani
- Razi Drug Research Center and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Aminzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Sharifi
- Razi Drug Research Center and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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134
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Beck TC, Gomes AC, Cyster JG, Pereira JP. CXCR4 and a cell-extrinsic mechanism control immature B lymphocyte egress from bone marrow. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 211:2567-81. [PMID: 25403444 PMCID: PMC4267240 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20140457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Joao Pereira and colleagues at Yale University show that B cell egress from bone marrow is a passive process, similar to that of red blood cells. Immature B cells that approached bone marrow sinusoids decreased their expression of CXCR4 and rounded up, allowing them to be passively swept away. Leukocyte residence in lymphoid organs is controlled by a balance between retention and egress-promoting chemoattractants sensed by pertussis toxin (PTX)–sensitive Gαi protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs). Here, we use two-photon intravital microscopy to show that immature B cell retention within bone marrow (BM) was strictly dependent on amoeboid motility mediated by CXCR4 and CXCL12 and by α4β1 integrin–mediated adhesion to VCAM-1. However, B lineage cell egress from BM is independent of PTX-sensitive GPCR signaling. B lineage cells expressing PTX rapidly exited BM even though their motility within BM parenchyma was significantly reduced. Our experiments reveal that when immature B cells are near BM sinusoids their motility is reduced, their morphology is predominantly rounded, and cells reverse transmigrate across sinusoidal endothelium in a largely nonamoeboid manner. Immature B cell egress from BM was dependent on a twofold CXCR4 down-regulation that was antagonized by antigen-induced BCR signaling. This passive mode of cell egress from BM also contributes significantly to the export of other hematopoietic cells, including granulocytes, monocytes, and NK cells, and is reminiscent of erythrocyte egress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Beck
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Ana Cordeiro Gomes
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Jason G Cyster
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - João P Pereira
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
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135
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ELMO1 is upregulated in AML CD34+ stem/progenitor cells, mediates chemotaxis and predicts poor prognosis in normal karyotype AML. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111568. [PMID: 25360637 PMCID: PMC4216115 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Both normal as well leukemic hematopoietic stem cells critically depend on their microenvironment in the bone marrow for processes such as self-renewal, survival and differentiation, although the exact pathways that are involved remain poorly understood. We performed transcriptome analysis on primitive CD34+ acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells (n = 46), their more differentiated CD34- leukemic progeny, and normal CD34+ bone marrow cells (n = 31) and focused on differentially expressed genes involved in adhesion and migration. Thus, Engulfment and Motility protein 1 (ELMO1) was identified amongst the top 50 most differentially expressed genes. ELMO1 is a crucial link in the signaling cascade that leads to activation of RAC GTPases and cytoskeleton rearrangements. We confirmed increased ELMO1 expression at the mRNA and protein level in a panel of AML samples and showed that high ELMO1 expression is an independent negative prognostic factor in normal karyotype (NK) AML in three large independent patient cohorts. Downmodulation of ELMO1 in human CB CD34+ cells did not significantly alter expansion, progenitor frequency or differentiation in stromal co-cultures, but did result in a decreased frequency of stem cells in LTC-IC assays. In BCR-ABL-transduced human CB CD34+ cells depletion of ELMO1 resulted in a mild decrease in proliferation, but replating capacity of progenitors was severely impaired. Downregulation of ELMO1 in a panel of primary CD34+ AML cells also resulted in reduced long-term growth in stromal co-cultures in two out of three cases. Pharmacological inhibition of the ELMO1 downstream target RAC resulted in a severely impaired proliferation and survival of leukemic cells. Finally, ELMO1 depletion caused a marked decrease in SDF1-induced chemotaxis of leukemic cells. Taken together, these data show that inhibiting the ELMO1-RAC axis might be an alternative way to target leukemic cells.
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136
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Lee H, Park HS, Choi OK, Oh JE, Chung SS, Jung HS, Park KS. Novel Strategy for Successful Long-Term Hematopoietic Recovery after Transplanting a Limited Number of Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2014; 20:1282-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2014.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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137
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Deng C, Qin A, Zhao W, Feng T, Shi C, Liu T. Up-regulation of CXCR4 in rat umbilical mesenchymal stem cells induced by serum from rat with acute liver failure promotes stem cells migration to injured liver tissue. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 396:107-16. [PMID: 25098450 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2147-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The role of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) in umbilical mesenchymal stem cells (UMSCs) as therapy for liver disease is ill understood. The aim of the study was to evaluate rat UMSCs (rUMSCs) on CXCR4 expression and homing to injured liver tissue. rUMSCs were isolated from umbilical cords of pregnant rats. Acute liver failure (ALF) models were developed using D-galactosamine. CXCR4 expression induction by serum from rats with ALF (LFS), cytokines, growth factors, and LPS was analyzed. CXCR4 expression was analyzed by RT-PCR, western blot, and flow cytometry. rUMSCs were labeled with carboxyfluorescein and pretreated with LFS to induce CXCR4 expression and were transplanted into ALF rats. Animals were sacrificed 48 h and 1 week after transplantation. Liver-homing rUMSCs were observed under fluorescence microscopy. rUMSCs were successfully isolated, expressing CD90 and CD106, but not CD34 and CD45. mRNA and protein expressions of CXCR4 were strongly up-regulated by LFS and by the mixture of cytokines, stem cell factor, and LPS (CM). Expression of cell surface CXCR4 on rUMSCs in groups treated with LFS (42.37 ± 1.60 %) and CM (40.17 ± 1.78 %) was higher than that in the untreated control group (9.67 ± 1.06 %) (both P < 0.001). At 48 h after transplantation, more rUMSCs pretreated with LFS appeared in the portal area, and migrated to the liver parenchyma after 1 week. LFS strongly induced the surface expression of CXCR4 on rUMSCs. Increasing CXCR4 expression on rUMSCs may enhance their homing ability to injured liver tissue, and may eventually be used for treating liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital Affiliated to Suzhou University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
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138
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Gil-Ortega M, Garidou L, Barreau C, Maumus M, Breasson L, Tavernier G, García-Prieto CF, Bouloumié A, Casteilla L, Sengenès C. Native adipose stromal cells egress from adipose tissue in vivo: evidence during lymph node activation. Stem Cells 2014; 31:1309-20. [PMID: 23533182 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) has become accepted as a source of multipotent progenitor cells, the adipose stromal cells (ASCs). In this regard, considerable work has been performed to harvest and characterize this cell population as well as to investigate the mechanisms by which transplanted ASCs mediate tissue regeneration. In contrast the endogenous release of native ASCs by AT has been poorly investigated. In this work, we show that native ASCs egress from murine AT. Indeed, we demonstrated that the release of native ASCs from AT can be evidenced both using an ex vivo perfusion model that we set up and in vivo. Such a mobilization process is controlled by CXCR4 chemokine receptor. In addition, once mobilized from AT, circulating ASCs were found to navigate through lymph fluid and to home into lymph nodes (LN). Therefore, we demonstrated that, during the LN activation, the fat depot encapsulating the activated LN releases native ASCs, which in turn invade the activated LN. Moreover, the ASCs invading the LN were visualized in close physical interaction with podoplanin and ER-TR7 positive structures corresponding to the stromal network composing the LN. This dynamic was impaired with CXCR4 neutralizing antibody. Taken together, these data provide robust evidences that native ASCs can traffic in vivo and that AT might provide stromal cells to activated LNs.
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139
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Park MS, Kim YH, Jung Y, Kim SH, Park JC, Yoon DS, Kim SH, Lee JW. In Situ Recruitment of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Using Chemokines for Articular Cartilage Regeneration. Cell Transplant 2014; 24:1067-83. [PMID: 24759682 DOI: 10.3727/096368914x681018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are a good cell source for regeneration of cartilage as they can migrate directly to the site of cartilage injury and differentiate into articular chondrocytes. Articular cartilage defects do not heal completely due to the lack of chondrocytes or BMSCs at the site of injury. In this study, the chemotaxis of BMSCs toward chemokines, which may give rise to a complete regeneration of the articular cartilage, was investigated. CCR2, CCR4, CCR6, CXCR1, and CXCR2 were expressed in normal BMSCs and were increased significantly upon treatment with proinflammatory cytokines. BMSC migration was increased by MIP-3α and IL-8 more than by MCP-1 or SDF-1α. IL-8 and MIP-3α significantly enhanced the chemotaxis of BMSCs compared with MCP-1, SDF-1α, or PBS. Human BMSC recruitment to transplanted scaffolds containing either IL-8 or MIP-3α significantly increased in vivo compared to scaffolds containing PBS. Furthermore, IL-8- and MIP-3α-containing scaffolds enhanced tissue regeneration of an osteochondral defect site in beagle knee articular cartilage. Therefore, this study suggests that IL-8 and MIP-3α are the candidates that induce the regeneration of damaged articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sung Park
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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140
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Mocco J, Afzal A, Ansari S, Wolfe A, Caldwell K, Connolly ES, Scott EW. SDF1-a facilitates Lin-/Sca1+ cell homing following murine experimental cerebral ischemia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85615. [PMID: 24465621 PMCID: PMC3896412 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hematopoietic stem cells mobilize to the peripheral circulation in response to stroke. However, the mechanism by which the brain initiates this mobilization is uncharacterized. METHODS Animals underwent a murine intraluminal filament model of focal cerebral ischemia and the SDF1-A pathway was evaluated in a blinded manner via serum and brain SDF1-A level assessment, Lin-/Sca1+ cell mobilization quantification, and exogenous cell migration confirmation; all with or without SDF1-A blockade. RESULTS Bone marrow demonstrated a significant increase in Lin-/Sca1+ cell counts at 24 hrs (272 ± 60%; P<0.05 vs sham). Mobilization of Lin-/Sca1+ cells to blood was significantly elevated at 24 hrs (607 ± 159%; P<0.05). Serum SDF1-A levels were significant at 24 hrs (Sham (103 ± 14), 4 hrs (94 ± 20%, p = NS) and 24 hrs (130 ± 17; p<0.05)). Brain SDF1-A levels were significantly elevated at both 4 hrs and 24 hrs (113 ± 7 pg/ml and 112 ± 10 pg/ml, respectively; p<0.05 versus sham 76 ± 11 pg/ml). Following administration of an SDF1-A antibody, Lin-/Sca1+ cells failed to mobilize to peripheral blood following stroke, despite continued up regulation in bone marrow (stroke bone marrow cell count: 536 ± 65, blood cell count: 127 ± 24; p<0.05 versus placebo). Exogenously administered Lin-/Sca1+ cells resulted in a significant reduction in infarct volume: 42 ± 5% (stroke alone), versus 21 ± 15% (Stroke+Lin-/Sca1+ cells), and administration of an SDF1-A antibody concomitant to exogenous administration of the Lin-/Sca1+ cells prevented this reduction. Following stroke, exogenously administered Lin-/Sca1+ FISH positive cells were significantly reduced when administered concomitant to an SDF1-A antibody as compared to without SDF1-A antibody (10 ± 4 vs 0.7 ± 1, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS SDF1-A appears to play a critical role in modulating Lin-/Sca1+ cell migration to ischemic brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Mocco
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Aqeela Afzal
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Saeed Ansari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Annemarie Wolfe
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Caldwell
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - E S. Connolly
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Edward W. Scott
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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141
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Ludwig A, Saffrich R, Eckstein V, Bruckner T, Wagner W, Ho AD, Wuchter P. Functional potentials of human hematopoietic progenitor cells are maintained by mesenchymal stromal cells and not impaired by plerixafor. Cytotherapy 2014; 16:111-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Gil-Ortega M, Fernández-Alfonso MS, Somoza B, Casteilla L, Sengenès C. Ex vivo microperfusion system of the adipose organ: a new approach to studying the mobilization of adipose cell populations. Int J Obes (Lond) 2013; 38:1255-62. [PMID: 24357852 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2013.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Adipose tissue (AT) is a dynamic organ that expands and contracts rapidly. It is composed of adipocytes and of cell populations among which immune cells and mesenchymal progenitors known as adipose stromal cells (ASCs). The AT cell turnover has been extensively studied. Surprisingly it has only been viewed as the result of both cell proliferation/death and cell infiltration. Nevertheless, both immune cells and ASCs exhibit migration abilities; therefore their egress from AT in response to physiological/pathophysiological stimuli has to be considered. To do so, the aim of the present work was to develop a model allowing the study of cell release from the adipose organ. SUBJECTS/METHODS Mesenteric (Mes) ATs were isolated from 9-week-old C57BL/6 male mice and were catheterized via the superior mesenteric artery and were perfused with a saline solution. After an equilibration period, the mesenteric fat pad was perfused with CXCL12 (stromal-derived factor-1, SDF-1) or sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) to trigger cell mobilization and perfusates were collected every 30 min for subsequent flow cytometry analyses. RESULTS We report here that CXCL12 induces the specific release of ASCs from MesAT thus demonstrating that ASCs are specifically mobilized from fat depots by a CXCL12-dependent pathway. Moreover, we showed that leukocyte mobilization can be triggered via a S1P-dependent pathway. CONCLUSIONS We have developed a microperfusion model of an intact fat depot allowing the study of AT cell release in response to various molecules. The perfusion system described here demonstrates that ASCs and leukocytes can be pharmacologically mobilized from AT. Therefore, AT microperfusion might constitute an appropriate and reliable approach for evaluating the mobilization of different cell populations from AT in various physiological and pathophysiological contexts. Such a model might help in identifying factors and drugs controlling AT cell release, impacting the medical fields of regenerative medicine and of obesity or its associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gil-Ortega
- 1] Inserm U1031 STROMAlab BP 84 225-F-31 432, Toulouse, France [2] CNRS, Université Toulouse III, UPS UMR5273 STROMAlab, BP 84 225-F-31 432, Toulouse, France [3] EFS (Etablissement Français du Sang), STROMAlab BP 84 225-F-31 432, Toulouse, France [4] Université Toulouse III, UPS UMR5273 STROMAlab BP 84 225-F-31 432, Toulouse, France
| | - M S Fernández-Alfonso
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Juan XXIII 1, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - B Somoza
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - L Casteilla
- 1] Inserm U1031 STROMAlab BP 84 225-F-31 432, Toulouse, France [2] CNRS, Université Toulouse III, UPS UMR5273 STROMAlab, BP 84 225-F-31 432, Toulouse, France [3] EFS (Etablissement Français du Sang), STROMAlab BP 84 225-F-31 432, Toulouse, France [4] Université Toulouse III, UPS UMR5273 STROMAlab BP 84 225-F-31 432, Toulouse, France
| | - C Sengenès
- 1] Inserm U1031 STROMAlab BP 84 225-F-31 432, Toulouse, France [2] CNRS, Université Toulouse III, UPS UMR5273 STROMAlab, BP 84 225-F-31 432, Toulouse, France [3] EFS (Etablissement Français du Sang), STROMAlab BP 84 225-F-31 432, Toulouse, France [4] Université Toulouse III, UPS UMR5273 STROMAlab BP 84 225-F-31 432, Toulouse, France
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143
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Karpova D, Dauber K, Spohn G, Chudziak D, Wiercinska E, Schulz M, Pettit AR, Levesque JP, Romagnoli B, Patel K, Chevalier E, Dembowsky K, Bonig H. The novel CXCR4 antagonist POL5551 mobilizes hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells with greater efficiency than Plerixafor. Leukemia 2013; 27:2322-31. [PMID: 24072044 PMCID: PMC3865534 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mobilized blood has supplanted bone marrow (BM) as the primary source of hematopoietic stem cells for autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Pharmacologically enforced egress of hematopoietic stem cells from BM, or mobilization, has been achieved by directly or indirectly targeting the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis. Shortcomings of the standard mobilizing agent, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), administered alone or in combination with the only approved CXCR4 antagonist, Plerixafor, continue to fuel the quest for new mobilizing agents. Using Protein Epitope Mimetics technology, a novel peptidic CXCR4 antagonist, POL5551, was developed. In vitro data presented herein indicate high affinity to and specificity for CXCR4. POL5551 exhibited rapid mobilization kinetics and unprecedented efficiency in C57BL/6 mice, exceeding that of Plerixafor and at higher doses also of G-CSF. POL5551-mobilized stem cells demonstrated adequate transplantation properties. In contrast to G-CSF, POL5551 did not induce major morphological changes in the BM of mice. Moreover, we provide evidence of direct POL5551 binding to hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in vivo, strengthening the hypothesis that CXCR4 antagonists mediate mobilization by direct targeting of HSPCs. In summary, POL5551 is a potent mobilizing agent for HSPCs in mice with promising therapeutic potential if these data can be corroborated in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Karpova
- German Red Cross Blood Service, Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology of the Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - K Dauber
- German Red Cross Blood Service, Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology of the Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - G Spohn
- German Red Cross Blood Service, Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology of the Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - D Chudziak
- German Red Cross Blood Service, Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology of the Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - E Wiercinska
- German Red Cross Blood Service, Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology of the Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M Schulz
- German Red Cross Blood Service, Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology of the Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - A R Pettit
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Mater Research Institute - University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - J P Levesque
- Mater Research Institute - University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - K Patel
- Polyphor Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | | | | | - H Bonig
- German Red Cross Blood Service, Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology of the Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Medicine/Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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144
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Duryagina R, Thieme S, Anastassiadis K, Werner C, Schneider S, Wobus M, Brenner S, Bornhäuser M. Overexpression of Jagged-1 and Its Intracellular Domain in Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Differentially Affect the Interaction with Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:2736-50. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Regina Duryagina
- Medical Clinic and Policlinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Thieme
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Anastassiadis
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- BioInnovations Center Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Werner
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susan Schneider
- BioInnovations Center Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Manja Wobus
- Medical Clinic and Policlinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Brenner
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Bornhäuser
- Medical Clinic and Policlinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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145
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Flores C, Moscatelli I, Thudium CS, Gudmann NS, Thomsen JS, Brüel A, Karsdal MA, Henriksen K, Richter J. Osteoclasts are not crucial for hematopoietic stem cell maintenance in adult mice. Haematologica 2013; 98:1848-55. [PMID: 24097632 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2013.089466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The osteoclast is vital for establishment of normal hematopoiesis in the developing animal. However, its role for maintenance of hematopoiesis in adulthood is more controversial. To shed more light on this process, we transplanted hematopoietic stem cells from two osteopetrotic mouse models, with lack of osteoclasts or defective osteoclast function, to normal adult mice and examined the bone phenotype and hematopoiesis in the recipients. B6SJL mice were lethally irradiated and subsequently transplanted with oc/oc, Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa B knockout or control fetal liver cells. Osteoclasts derived from the recipient animals were tested in vitro for osteoclastogenesis and resorptive function. Bone remodeling changes were assessed using biomarkers of bone turnover and micro-CT. Hematopoiesis was assessed by flow cytometry and colony formation, and hematopoietic stem cell function by secondary competitive transplantations and cell cycle analysis. After transplantation, a donor chimerism of 97-98% was obtained, and by 15 weeks mild osteopetrosis had developed in recipients of cells from osteopetrotic mice. There were no alterations in the number of bone marrow cells. Colony formation was slightly reduced in Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa B knockout recipients but unchanged in oc/oc recipients. Phenotypically, stem cells were marginally reduced in recipients of cells from osteopetrotic mice, but no significant difference was seen in cell cycle status and in competitive secondary transplantations all three groups performed equally well. Our results indicate that osteoclast function is not crucial for hematopoietic stem cell maintenance in adult mice.
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146
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Rouault-Pierre K, Lopez-Onieva L, Foster K, Anjos-Afonso F, Lamrissi-Garcia I, Serrano-Sanchez M, Mitter R, Ivanovic Z, de Verneuil H, Gribben J, Taussig D, Rezvani HR, Mazurier F, Bonnet D. HIF-2α protects human hematopoietic stem/progenitors and acute myeloid leukemic cells from apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress. Cell Stem Cell 2013; 13:549-63. [PMID: 24095676 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are exposed to low levels of oxygen in the bone marrow niche, and hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are the main regulators of cellular responses to oxygen variation. Recent studies using conditional knockout mouse models have unveiled a major role for HIF-1α in the maintenance of murine HSCs; however, the role of HIF-2α is still unclear. Here, we show that knockdown of HIF-2α, and to a much lesser extent HIF-1α, impedes the long-term repopulating ability of human CD34(+) umbilical cord blood cells. HIF-2α-deficient HSPCs display increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which subsequently stimulates endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and triggers apoptosis by activation of the unfolded-protein-response (UPR) pathway. HIF-2α deregulation also significantly decreased engraftment ability of human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. Overall, our data demonstrate a key role for HIF-2α in the maintenance of human HSPCs and in the survival of primary AML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Rouault-Pierre
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, WC2A 3LY, London, UK; INSERM U 1035, Bordeaux, F-33076 France; Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, F-33076 France
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147
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Tightly anchored tissue-mimetic matrices as instructive stem cell microenvironments. Nat Methods 2013; 10:788-94. [PMID: 23793238 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.2523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A major obstacle in defining the exact role of extracellular matrix (ECM) in stem cell niches is the lack of suitable in vitro methods that recapitulate complex ECM microenvironments. Here we describe a methodology that permits reliable anchorage of native cell-secreted ECM to culture carriers. We validated our approach by fabricating two types of human bone marrow-specific ECM substrates that were robust enough to support human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in vitro. We characterized the molecular composition, structural features and nanomechanical properties of the MSC-derived ECM preparations and demonstrated their ability to support expansion and differentiation of bone marrow stem cells. Our methodology enables the deciphering and modulation of native-like multicomponent ECMs of tissue-resident stem cells and will therefore prepare the ground for a more rational design of engineered stem cell niches.
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148
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Physiologic corticosterone oscillations regulate murine hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell proliferation and CXCL12 expression by bone marrow stromal progenitors. Leukemia 2013; 27:2006-15. [PMID: 23680895 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The role of corticosterone (Cort), the immune system's major stress hormone, in the regulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and their dynamic bone marrow (BM) microenvironment is currently unknown. We report that corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 (CRFR1) mutant mice with chronically low Cort levels showed aberrant HSPC regulation, having higher HSPC numbers and upregulation of the chemokine CXCL12, phenotypes that were restored by Cort supplementation. Expanded stromal progenitors known to support HSPCs were also observed in these low-Cort-containing mice. A similar phenotype was induced in wild-type (WT) mice by Metyrapone, a Cort synthesis inhibitor. Conversely, high Cort exposure induced HSPC apoptosis, reduced long-term BM repopulation and decreased stromal progenitor cell numbers. We documented circadian oscillations of Cort in WT BM but not in CRFR1 mutant mice, leading to diminished circadian BM CXCL12 fluctuations and increased number of circulating HSPCs in these mice. Finally, low Cort induced expansion of stromal progenitors, CXCL12 expression, HSPC proliferation and BM repopulation capacity, involving Notch1 signaling. This was associated with upregulation of the Notch ligand, Jagged1, in BM myeloid cells. Our results suggest that daily physiologic Cort oscillations are critical for balanced HSPC proliferation and function involving Notch1 signaling and their supportive BM microenvironment.
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Sands WA, Copland M, Wheadon H. Targeting self-renewal pathways in myeloid malignancies. Cell Commun Signal 2013; 11:33. [PMID: 23675967 PMCID: PMC3665484 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-11-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental property of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is the ability to self-renew. This is a complex process involving multiple signal transduction cascades which control the fine balance between self-renewal and differentiation through transcriptional networks. Key activators/regulators of self-renewal include chemokines, cytokines and morphogens which are expressed in the bone marrow niche, either in a paracrine or autocrine fashion, and modulate stem cell behaviour. Increasing evidence suggests that the downstream signaling pathways induced by these ligands converge at multiple levels providing a degree of redundancy in steady state hematopoiesis. Here we will focus on how these pathways cross-talk to regulate HSC self-renewal highlighting potential therapeutic windows which could be targeted to prevent leukemic stem cell self-renewal in myeloid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Sands
- Paul O’Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Gartnavel General Hospital, 1053 Great Western Road, Glasgow G12 0ZD, UK
| | - Mhairi Copland
- Paul O’Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Gartnavel General Hospital, 1053 Great Western Road, Glasgow G12 0ZD, UK
| | - Helen Wheadon
- Paul O’Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Gartnavel General Hospital, 1053 Great Western Road, Glasgow G12 0ZD, UK
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150
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Bekkering S, Torensma R. Another look at the life of a neutrophil. World J Hematol 2013; 2:44-58. [DOI: 10.5315/wjh.v2.i2.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are considered as the privates of the innate immune system. They are born in the bone marrow, migrate to the tissues where they kill putative intruders. After their job they are quickly removed from the battlefield by macrophages. This view of a predetermined pathway fitted nicely in their short lifespan of 5 h. However, recent studies indicated that their lifespan was in the order of several days. Recently, it became clear that neutrophils have functions beyond killing of pathogens. The reported half-life of 5 h is hardly compatible with those functions. Moreover, the organism actively invests in rescuing primed neutrophils from clearance by the body. It appears that their half-life is highly dependent on the method used to measure their life span. Here, we discuss the literature and show that neutrophils compartmentalize which could explain partially the differences reported for their lifespan. Moreover, the methodology to label neutrophils ex-vivo could have similar deteriorating effects on their lifespan as found for transfused red blood cells.
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