101
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Piao MJ, Ahn MJ, Kang KA, Ryu YS, Hyun YJ, Shilnikova K, Zhen AX, Jeong JW, Choi YH, Kang HK, Koh YS, Hyun JW. Particulate matter 2.5 damages skin cells by inducing oxidative stress, subcellular organelle dysfunction, and apoptosis. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:2077-2091. [PMID: 29582092 PMCID: PMC6002468 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2197-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ of the human body and the one mostly exposed to outdoor contaminants. To evaluate the biological mechanisms underlying skin damage caused by fine particulate matter (PM2.5), we analyzed the effects of PM2.5 on cultured human keratinocytes and the skin of experimental animals. PM2.5 was applied to human HaCaT keratinocytes at 50 µg/mL for 24 h and to mouse skin at 100 µg/mL for 7 days. The results indicate that PM2.5 induced oxidative stress by generating reactive oxygen species both in vitro and in vivo, which led to DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonylation. As a result, PM2.5 induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial swelling, and autophagy, and caused apoptosis in HaCaT cells and mouse skin tissue. The PM2.5-induced cell damage was attenuated by antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine, confirming that PM2.5 cellular toxicity was due to oxidative stress. These findings contribute to understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms triggered in the skin by PM2.5, among which oxidative stress may play a major role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Jing Piao
- Jeju National University School of Medicine and Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee Jung Ahn
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Ah Kang
- Jeju National University School of Medicine and Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Yea Seong Ryu
- Jeju National University School of Medicine and Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jae Hyun
- Jeju National University School of Medicine and Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Kristina Shilnikova
- Jeju National University School of Medicine and Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Ao Xuan Zhen
- Jeju National University School of Medicine and Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongeui University, Busan, 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongeui University, Busan, 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Kyoung Kang
- Jeju National University School of Medicine and Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sang Koh
- Jeju National University School of Medicine and Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- Jeju National University School of Medicine and Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
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102
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Huang PH, Tseng CH, Lin CY, Lee CW, Yen FL. Preparation, characterizations and anti-pollutant activity of 7,3',4'-trihydroxyisoflavone nanoparticles in particulate matter-induced HaCaT keratinocytes. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:3279-3293. [PMID: 29910615 PMCID: PMC5987860 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s153323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 7,3',4'-Trihydroxyisoflavone (734THI), a secondary metabolite derived from daidzein in soybean, possesses several biological activities, including antioxidant, skin whitening and anti-atopic dermatitis properties, but the poor aqueous solubility of 734THI has limited its application in medicine and cosmetic industry. Methods The aim of the present study was to improve the physicochemical properties of 734THI using planetary ball mill preparation under a solvent-free process to improve its solubility and anti-pollutant activity. Results 734THI nanoparticle powder (734THIN) was successfully prepared by the planetary ball mill technique using polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 as the excipient. 734THIN effectively increased the aqueous solubility and cellular uptake of 734THI by improving its physicochemical properties, including particle size reduction, crystalline-amorphous transformation and intermolecular hydrogen bonding with polyvinylpyrrolidone K30. In addition, 734THIN inhibited the overexpression of COX-2 and MMP-9 by downregulating MAPK pathway signaling in particulate matter-exposed HaCaT keratinocytes, while raw 734THI in PBS with low aqueous solubility did not show any anti-inflammatory or antiaging activity. Conclusion 734THIN may be used as an additive in anti-pollutant skin care products for preventing particulate matter-induced inflammation and aging in skin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chia-Yu Lin
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung
| | - Chiang-Wen Lee
- Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan.,Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences.,Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi
| | - Feng-Lin Yen
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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103
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Rudolf J, Raad H, Taieb A, Rezvani HR. NADPH Oxidases and Their Roles in Skin Homeostasis and Carcinogenesis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:1238-1261. [PMID: 28990413 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Skin protects the body from dehydration, pathogens, and external mutagens. NADPH oxidases are central components for regulating the cellular redox balance. There is increasing evidence indicating that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by members of this enzyme family play important roles in the physiology and pathophysiology of the skin. Recent Advances: NADPH oxidases are active producers of ROS such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Different isoforms are found in virtually all tissues. They play pivotal roles in normal cell homeostasis and in the cellular responses to various stressors. In particular, these enzymes are integral parts of redox-sensitive prosurvival and proapoptotic signaling pathways, in which they act both as effectors and as modulators. However, continuous (re)activation of NADPH oxidases can disturb the redox balance of cells, in the worst-case scenario in a permanent manner. Abnormal NADPH oxidase activity has been associated with a wide spectrum of diseases, as well as with aging and carcinogenesis. CRITICAL ISSUES Sunlight with its beneficial and deleterious effects induces the activation of NADPH oxidases in the skin. Evidence for the important roles of this enzyme family in skin cancer and skin aging, as well as in many chronic skin diseases, is now emerging. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Understanding the precise roles of NADPH oxidases in normal skin homeostasis, in the cellular responses to solar radiation, and during carcinogenesis will pave the way for their validation as therapeutic targets not only for the prevention and treatment of skin cancers but also for many other skin-related disorders. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1238-1261.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Rudolf
- 1 Inserm U 1035, Bordeaux, France .,2 Université de Bordeaux , Bordeaux, France
| | - Houssam Raad
- 1 Inserm U 1035, Bordeaux, France .,2 Université de Bordeaux , Bordeaux, France
| | - Alain Taieb
- 1 Inserm U 1035, Bordeaux, France .,2 Université de Bordeaux , Bordeaux, France .,3 Service de Dermatologie Adulte et Pédiatrique , CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France .,4 Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de la Peau , CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hamid Reza Rezvani
- 1 Inserm U 1035, Bordeaux, France .,2 Université de Bordeaux , Bordeaux, France .,4 Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de la Peau , CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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104
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Jin SP, Li Z, Choi EK, Lee S, Kim YK, Seo EY, Chung JH, Cho S. Urban particulate matter in air pollution penetrates into the barrier-disrupted skin and produces ROS-dependent cutaneous inflammatory response in vivo. J Dermatol Sci 2018; 91:S0923-1811(18)30202-0. [PMID: 29731195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Particulate matter (PM) is an integral part of air pollution, which is a mixture of particles suspended in the air. Recently, it has been reported that PM is associated with increased risks of skin diseases, especially atopic dermatitis in children. However, it is unclear if PM directly goes into the skin and what mechanisms are involved in response to PM. OBJECTIVE To see whether PM could penetrate into the barrier-disrupted skin, produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), and elicit an inflammatory response. METHODS We collected PMs during a winter in Seoul and used cultured keratinocytes for in vitro study and tape-stripped BALB/c mice for in vivo study. RESULTS Keratinocyte cytotoxicity increased in a dose-dependent manner by PM treatment. IL-8 and MMP-1 mRNA expression and protein levels were significantly increased compared to control by qPCR and ELISA, respectively. Cellular ROS production was increased by PM treatment, and antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine pretreatment prevented induction of inflammatory cytokines IL-8 and MMP-1. In PM-treated keratinocytes, electron-dense subcellular particles were observed by transmission electron microscopy. PM was observed inside hair follicles in both intact and barrier-disrupted skin in vivo. Additionally, intercellular penetration of PM was seen in the barrier-disrupted skin. Repeated PM application induced epidermal thickening and dermal inflammation with neutrophil infiltration. Finally, N-acetyl cysteine could ameliorate skin inflammation induced by PM application. CONCLUSION PM penetrates into the barrier-disrupted skin, causing inflammation, demonstrating detrimental effects in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Pil Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environmental Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea; Deparment of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environmental Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea; Deparment of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Choi
- Laboratory of Electron Microscope, Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Serah Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environmental Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoen Kyung Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environmental Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Seo
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environmental Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ho Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environmental Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea; Deparment of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyun Cho
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environmental Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea; Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Republic of Korea.
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105
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Tsai MH, Liu JF, Chiang YC, Hu SCS, Hsu LF, Lin YC, Lin ZC, Lee HC, Chen MC, Huang CL, Lee CW. Artocarpin, an isoprenyl flavonoid, induces p53-dependent or independent apoptosis via ROS-mediated MAPKs and Akt activation in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:28342-28358. [PMID: 28423703 PMCID: PMC5438654 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Artocarpin has been shown to exhibit cytotoxic effects on different cancer cells, including non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC, A549). However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we explore both p53-dependent and independent apoptosis pathways in artocarpin-treated NSCLC cells. Our results showed that artocarpin rapidly induced activation of cellular protein kinases including Erk1/2, p38 and AktS473. Inhibition of these protein kinases prevented artocarpin-induced cell death. Moreover, artocarpin-induced phosphorylation of these protein kinases and apoptosis were mediated by induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as pretreatment with NAC (a ROS scavenger) and Apocynin (a Nox-2 inhibitor) blocked these events. Similarly, transient transfection of p47Phox or p91Phox siRNA attenuated artocarpin-induced NADPH oxidase activity and cell death. In addition, p53 dependent apoptotic proteins including PUMA, cytochrome c, Apaf-1 and caspase 3 were activated by artocarpin, and these effects can be abolished by antioxidants, MAPK inhibitors (U0126 and SB202190), but not by PI3K inhibitor (LY294002). Furthermore, we found that artocarpin-induced Akt phosphorylation led to increased NF-κB activity, which may act as an upstream regulator in the c-Myc and Noxa pathway. Therefore, we propose that enhancement of both ERK/ p38/ p53-dependent or independent AktS473/NF-κB/c-Myc/Noxa cascade by Nox-derived ROS generation plays an important role in artocarpin-induced apoptosis in NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Horng Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Fang Liu
- Central Laboratory, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chang Chiang
- Center for Drug Abuse and Addiction, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Stephen Chu-Sung Hu
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Fen Hsu
- Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi Campus, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Lin
- Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi Campus, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Chan Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chun Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chuan Chen
- Program for the Clinical Drug Discovery from Botanical Herbs, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Liang Huang
- Center for Drug Abuse and Addiction, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Wen Lee
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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106
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Lee KS, Chun SY, Lee MG, Kim S, Jang TJ, Nam KS. The prevention of TNF-α/IFN-γ mixture-induced inflammation in human keratinocyte and atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in Nc/Nga mice by mineral-balanced deep sea water. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 97:1331-1340. [PMID: 29156522 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease caused by environmental and chemical allergens. Despite the complexity of its pathogenesis, many investigations have shown that substances having anti-inflammatory activities alleviated the pathology of AD. Here, we evaluated the effects of mineral-balanced deep sea water (DSW) on AD-like skin damage in both in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that mineral-balanced DSW regressed inflammatory chemokines, such as macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) and regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), and cytokines, interleukin (IL)-6 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) mRNA expression in HaCaT immortal human keratinocyte treated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α/ interferon (IFN)-γ mixture. Furthermore, increased cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 protein expressions were also reversed, filaggrin gene expression was enhanced and decreased involucrin transcriptions was recovered by mineral-balanced DSW in TNF-α/IFN-γ mixture-treated HaCaT human keratinocyte. Moreover, we revealed that the inhibitory effects of mineral-balanced DSW were mediated with the suppression of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 phosphorylation. In animal experiments, we showed that hardness 2000 of mineral-balanced DSW decreased the serum levels of IgE, IL-4, and histamine, and alleviated the severity score and numbers of scratching in dinitrochlorobezene (DNCB)-treated Nc/Nga mice. Furthermore, increased epidermal thickness and mast cell infiltration by DNCB treatment were reversed by the application of hardness 2000 mineral-balanced DSW. Taken together, the present investigation indicates that mineral-balanced DSW is a potent substance with anti-atopic dermatitis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Shik Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Intractable Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Chun
- Department of Pharmacology and Intractable Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Gu Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Intractable Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Intractable Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jung Jang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Soo Nam
- Department of Pharmacology and Intractable Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea.
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107
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Romani A, Cervellati C, Muresan XM, Belmonte G, Pecorelli A, Cervellati F, Benedusi M, Evelson P, Valacchi G. Keratinocytes oxidative damage mechanisms related to airbone particle matter exposure. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 172:86-95. [PMID: 29103985 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidences have correlated airbone particulate matter (PM) to adverse health effects, mainly linking to pulmonary and cardiovascular disease. Nevertheless, only recently, some studies reported detrimental effects of PM on other organs such as skin. In a recent work, we have reported increased oxidative and inflammatory responses in Reconstituted Human Epidermis (RHE) exposed to ambient particles (CAPs) and we also demonstrated the ability of CAPs to penetrate the skin tissue. The present study was aimed to better understand the cellular mechanisms beyond the oxidative changes induced by CAPs (5-10-25μg/mL) in human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT). After 24h of treatment, CAPs were able to enter the cells leading to a decrease in viability, increased levels of 4-hydroxinonenal products (4-HNE) and IL-1α release. Overall these data, suggest lipid and protein oxidative damage, as well as an increase of inflammatory response after being challenged with CAPs. In addition, 3h after CAPs exposure we found a significant increase in NF-kB and Nrf2 translocation into the nucleus. In contrast, no differences in gene expression and enzymatic activity of Nrf2 target genes were detected. This last finding could be explained by the ability of CAPs to possibly alter the binding of Nrf2 to the ARE DNA sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Romani
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlo Cervellati
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara Italy
| | - Ximena M Muresan
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Belmonte
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pecorelli
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Plants for Human Health Institute, NC Research Center, 28081, Kannapolis NC, USA
| | - Franco Cervellati
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mascia Benedusi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pablo Evelson
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Valacchi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Plants for Human Health Institute, NC Research Center, 28081, Kannapolis NC, USA.
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108
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Cheshmehkani A, Senatorov IS, Dhuguru J, Ghoneim O, Moniri NH. Free-fatty acid receptor-4 (FFA4) modulates ROS generation and COX-2 expression via the C-terminal β-arrestin phosphosensor in Raw 264.7 macrophages. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 146:139-150. [PMID: 28943238 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Agonism of the G protein-coupled free-fatty acid receptor-4 (FFA4) has been shown to promote numerous anti-inflammatory effects in macrophages that arise due to interaction with β-arrestin partner proteins. Humans express functionally distinct short and long FFA4 splice variants, such that FFA4-S signals through Gαq/11 and β-arrestin, while FFA4-L is intrinsically biased solely towards β-arrestin signaling. Recently, we and others have shown that phosphorylation of the FFA4 C-terminal tail is responsible for β-arrestin interactability and signaling. Given the significance of β-arrestin in the anti-inflammatory function of FFA4, the goal of this study was to examine the role of the C-terminal β-arrestin phosphosensor in FFA4 signaling induced by PMA and LPS in murine Raw 264.7 macrophages. Our data reveal for the first time that both FFA4 isoforms modulate PMA-induced ROS generation, and that abolishment of the FFA4-S, but not FFA4-L C-terminal phosphosensor, is detrimental to this effect. Furthermore, we show that while both isoforms reduce PMA-induced expression of COX-2, removal of the FFA4-S phosphosensor significantly decreases this response, suggesting that these effects of FFA4-S are β-arrestin mediated. On the contrary, FFA4-S, as well as the truncated C-terminal congener lacking the β-arrestin phosphosensor were both able to reduce LPS-induced NF-κB activity and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. However, FFA4-L and its corresponding mutant were incapable of modulating either, suggesting that these responses are mediated by G protein coupling. Taken together, our data reveal important structure-function and signaling differences between the two FFA4 isoforms, and for the first time link FFA4 to modulation of ROS in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameneh Cheshmehkani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Ilya S Senatorov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Jyothi Dhuguru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Saint Joseph, Hartford, CT 06103, USA
| | - Ola Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Saint Joseph, Hartford, CT 06103, USA
| | - Nader H Moniri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
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109
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Shah F, Stepan AF, O'Mahony A, Velichko S, Folias AE, Houle C, Shaffer CL, Marcek J, Whritenour J, Stanton R, Berg EL. Mechanisms of Skin Toxicity Associated with Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 Negative Allosteric Modulators. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 24:858-869.e5. [PMID: 28669525 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous reactions represent one of the most common adverse drug effects observed in clinical trials leading to substantial compound attrition. Three negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), which represent an important target for neurological diseases, developed by Pfizer, were recently failed in preclinical development due to delayed type IV skin hypersensitivity observed in non-human primates (NHPs). Here we employed large-scale phenotypic profiling in standardized panels of human primary cell/co-culture systems to characterize the skin toxicity mechanism(s) of mGluR5 NAMs from two different series. Investigation of a database of chemicals tested in these systems and transcriptional profiling suggested that the mechanism of toxicity may involve modulation of nuclear receptor targets RAR/RXR, and/or VDR with AhR antagonism. The studies reported here demonstrate how phenotypic profiling of preclinical drug candidates using human primary cells can provide insights into the mechanisms of toxicity and inform early drug discovery and development campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falgun Shah
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Antonia F Stepan
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alison O'Mahony
- Bioseek Inc., Division of DiscoverX, 310 Utah Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Sharlene Velichko
- Bioseek Inc., Division of DiscoverX, 310 Utah Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Alexandra E Folias
- Bioseek Inc., Division of DiscoverX, 310 Utah Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Christopher Houle
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | | | - John Marcek
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Jessica Whritenour
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Robert Stanton
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ellen L Berg
- Bioseek Inc., Division of DiscoverX, 310 Utah Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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Krutmann J, Moyal D, Liu W, Kandahari S, Lee GS, Nopadon N, Xiang LF, Seité S. Pollution and acne: is there a link? Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2017; 10:199-204. [PMID: 28579815 PMCID: PMC5446966 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s131323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the critical role that inflammation may play in the development and progression of acne has become increasingly recognized. The prevalence of acne is similar between Asian and Caucasian women, but Asian women have a higher prevalence of inflammatory acne. They also report their symptoms exacerbate during periods of high air pollution. The objective of this study was to review the current evidence that links air pollution to worsening of acne symptoms. Firstly, a group of five Asian and three European scientists with expertise in Dermatology reviewed the current literature and described current acne treatment practices in their countries. During this activity, they identified the need for further epidemiological and clinical research. Secondly, additional studies ensued which provided evidence that acne symptoms might exacerbate in regions of high ambient air pollution. Based on these findings, the authors suggest that people with acne should protect the natural barrier function of their skin with emollients and ultraviolet (UV)A/UVB protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Krutmann
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dominique Moyal
- La Roche Posay Dermatological Laboratories, Asnières, France
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The General Hospital of Air Force, PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Geun-Soo Lee
- Drs. Woo and Hann Skin Center, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Noppakun Nopadon
- Division of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Leihong Flora Xiang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Sophie Seité
- La Roche Posay Dermatological Laboratories, Asnières, France
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111
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Resveratrol inhibits urban particulate matter-induced COX-2/PGE 2 release in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes via the inhibition of activation of NADPH oxidase/ROS/NF-κB. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 88:113-123. [PMID: 28495310 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Human fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) play a role in joint synovial inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Some evidence indicates that particulate matter (PM) in air pollution could contribute to the progression of RA. However, more research is needed to clarify this relationship. Up-regulation of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and its metabolite prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) are implicated in various inflammatory diseases. Resveratrol, a polyphenol found mainly in grapes and red wine, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In the present study, we demonstrated that resveratrol reduced PM-induced COX-2/PGE2 expression in human FLSs, and attenuated PM-enhanced NADPH oxidase activity and ROS generation. In addition, PM induced Akt, ERK1/2, or p38 MAPK activation, which was inhibited by resveratrol. Finally, we demonstrated that PM enhanced NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and the NF-κB promoter activity, which were reduced by pretreatment with a ROS inhibitor or resveratrol. Thus, we concluded that resveratrol functions as a suppressor of PM-induced inflammatory signaling pathways by inhibiting COX-2/PGE2 expression.
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112
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Wang H, Song L, Ju W, Wang X, Dong L, Zhang Y, Ya P, Yang C, Li F. The acute airway inflammation induced by PM 2.5 exposure and the treatment of essential oils in Balb/c mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44256. [PMID: 28276511 PMCID: PMC5343586 DOI: 10.1038/srep44256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PM2.5 is the main particulate air pollutant whose aerodynamic diameter is less than 2.5 micron. The inflammation of various respiratory diseases are associated with PM2.5 inhalation. Pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β generated from effected cells usually plays a crucial role in many kinds of lung inflammatory reactions. The exacerbation of Th immune responses are identified in some PM2.5 related diseases. To elucidate the underlying mechanism of PM2.5-induced acute lung inflammation, we exposed Balb/c mice to PM2.5 intratracheally and established a mice model. Acute lung inflammation and increased IL-1β expression was observed after PM2.5 instillation. Regulatory factors of IL-1β (TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome) participated in this lung inflammatory response as well. Treatment with compound essential oils (CEOs) substantially attenuated PM2.5-induced acute lung inflammation. The decreased IL-1β and Th immune responses after CEOs treatment were significant. PM2.5 may increase the secretion of IL-1β through TLR4/MyD88 and NLRP3 pathway resulting in murine airway inflammation. CEOs could attenuate the lung inflammation by reducing IL-1β and Th immune responses in this model. This study describes a potentially important mechanism of PM2.5-induced acute lung inflammation and that may bring about novel therapies for the inflammatory diseases associated with PM2.5 inhalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hetong Wang
- Dept of Chemistry, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Laiyu Song
- Dept of Immunological and Microbiological Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Ju
- Atmospheric Environment Research Institute, China Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuguang Wang
- Environmental Monitoring Station of Langfan, Langfang Environmental Protection Bureau, Langfang 065000, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Dong
- Dept of Chemistry, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yining Zhang
- Dept of Chemistry, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Ya
- Dept of Chemistry, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun Yang
- Dept of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, LiaoNing Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fasheng Li
- Dept of Chemistry, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
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113
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Acheva A, Schettino G, Prise KM. Pro-inflammatory Signaling in a 3D Organotypic Skin Model after Low LET Irradiation-NF-κB, COX-2 Activation, and Impact on Cell Differentiation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:82. [PMID: 28239377 PMCID: PMC5300980 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly 85% of radiotherapy patients develop acute radiation dermatitis, which is an inflammatory reaction of the skin at the treatment field and in the surrounding area. The aims of this study were to unravel the mechanisms of radiation-induced inflammatory responses after localized irradiation in a human 3D organotypic skin culture model. This could provide possible inflammatory targets for reduction of skin side effects. 3D organotypic skin cultures were set up and locally irradiated with 225 kVp X-rays, using a combination of full exposure and partial shielding (50%) of the cultures. The secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, the phenotype, and the differentiation markers expression of the cultures were assessed up to 10 days postirradiation. The pro-inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) pathways have been studied. The results showed fast activation of NF-κB, most likely triggered by DNA damage in the irradiated cells, followed by upregulation of p38 MAPK and COX-2 in the irradiated and surrounding, non-irradiated, areas of the 3D cultures. The application of the COX-2 inhibitor sc-236 was effective at reducing the COX-2 mRNA levels 4 h postirradiation. The same inhibitor also suppressed the PGE2 secretion significantly 72 h after the treatment. The expression of a pro-inflammatory phenotype and abnormal differentiation markers of the cultures were also reduced. However, the use of an NF-κB inhibitor (Bay 11-7085) did not have the predicted positive effect on the cultures phenotype postirradiation. Radiation-induced pro-inflammatory responses have been observed in the 3D skin model. The activated signaling pathways involved NF-κB transcription factor and its downstream target COX-2. Further experiments aiming to suppress the inflammatory response via specific inhibitors showed that COX-2 is a suitable target for reduction of the normal skin inflammatory responses at radiotherapy, while NF-κB inhibition had detrimental effects on the 3D skin model development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Acheva
- Queen's University Belfast, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Belfast, UK; Section of Pathology, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Giuseppe Schettino
- Queen's University Belfast, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Belfast, UK; National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
| | - Kevin M Prise
- Queen's University Belfast, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology , Belfast , UK
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