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Ahmed MG, Abate MF, Song Y, Zhu Z, Yan F, Xu Y, Wang X, Li Q, Yang C. Isolation, Detection, and Antigen-Based Profiling of Circulating Tumor Cells Using a Size-Dictated Immunocapture Chip. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:10681-10685. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201702675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Metages Gashaw Ahmed
- MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province; State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Department of Chemical Biology; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Mahlet Fasil Abate
- MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province; State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Department of Chemical Biology; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Yanling Song
- MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province; State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Department of Chemical Biology; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Zhi Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province; State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Department of Chemical Biology; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology; Zhongshan Hospital; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology; Zhongshan Hospital; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology; Zhongshan Hospital; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Qingbiao Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province; State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Department of Chemical Biology; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Chaoyong Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province; State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Department of Chemical Biology; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
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102
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Kang JH, Driscoll H, Mammoto A, Watters AL, Melakeberhan B, Diaz A, Super M, Ingber DE. An Engineered Human Fc‐Mannose‐Binding‐Lectin Captures Circulating Tumor Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 1:e1700094. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201700094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joo H. Kang
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering Harvard University CLSB5, 3 Blackfan Circle Boston MA 02115 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Life Sciences Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 South Korea
| | - Harry Driscoll
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering Harvard University CLSB5, 3 Blackfan Circle Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Akiko Mammoto
- Vascular Biology Program Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Alexander L. Watters
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering Harvard University CLSB5, 3 Blackfan Circle Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Bissrat Melakeberhan
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering Harvard University CLSB5, 3 Blackfan Circle Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Alexander Diaz
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering Harvard University CLSB5, 3 Blackfan Circle Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Michael Super
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering Harvard University CLSB5, 3 Blackfan Circle Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Donald E. Ingber
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering Harvard University CLSB5, 3 Blackfan Circle Boston MA 02115 USA
- Vascular Biology Program Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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103
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Green BJ, Kermanshah L, Labib M, Ahmed SU, Silva PN, Mahmoudian L, Chang IH, Mohamadi RM, Rocheleau JV, Kelley SO. Isolation of Phenotypically Distinct Cancer Cells Using Nanoparticle-Mediated Sorting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:20435-20443. [PMID: 28548481 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b05253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Isolating subpopulations of heterogeneous cancer cells is an important capability for the meaningful characterization of circulating tumor cells at different stages of tumor progression and during the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Here, we present a microfluidic device that can separate phenotypically distinct subpopulations of cancer cells. Magnetic nanoparticles coated with antibodies against the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) are used to separate breast cancer cells in the microfluidic platform. Cells are sorted into different zones on the basis of the levels of EpCAM expression, which enables the detection of cells that are losing epithelial character and becoming more mesenchymal. The phenotypic properties of the isolated cells with low and high EpCAM are then assessed using matrix-coated surfaces for collagen uptake analysis, and an NAD(P)H assay that assesses metabolic activity. We show that low-EpCAM expressing cells have higher collagen uptake and higher folate-induced NAD(P)H responses compared to those of high-EpCAM expressing cells. In addition, we tested SKBR3 cancer cells undergoing chemically induced hypoxia. The induced cells have reduced expression of EpCAM, and we find that these cells have higher collagen uptake and NAD(P)H metabolism relative to noninduced cells. This work demonstrates that nanoparticle-mediated binning facilitates the isolation of functionally distinct cell subpopulations and allows surface marker expression to be associated with invasiveness, including collagen uptake and metabolic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shana O Kelley
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto , Toronto M5S 1A8, Canada
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104
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Werner S, Stenzl A, Pantel K, Todenhöfer T. Expression of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition and Cancer Stem Cell Markers in Circulating Tumor Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 994:205-228. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55947-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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105
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Francart ME, Lambert J, Vanwynsberghe AM, Thompson EW, Bourcy M, Polette M, Gilles C. Epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity and circulating tumor cells: Travel companions to metastases. Dev Dyn 2017; 247:432-450. [PMID: 28407379 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs) associated with metastatic progression may contribute to the generation of hybrid phenotypes capable of plasticity. This cellular plasticity would provide tumor cells with an increased potential to adapt to the different microenvironments encountered during metastatic spread. Understanding how EMT may functionally equip circulating tumor cells (CTCs) with an enhanced competence to survive in the bloodstream and niche in the colonized organs has thus become a major cancer research axis. We summarize here clinical data with CTC endpoints involving EMT. We then review the work functionally linking EMT programs to CTC biology and deciphering molecular EMT-driven mechanisms supporting their metastatic competence. Developmental Dynamics 247:432-450, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Emilie Francart
- GIGA-Cancer, Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Justine Lambert
- GIGA-Cancer, Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Aline M Vanwynsberghe
- GIGA-Cancer, Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Erik W Thompson
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, and Translational Research Institute Brisbane, and University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Morgane Bourcy
- GIGA-Cancer, Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Myriam Polette
- Inserm UMR-S 903, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Biopathology Laboratory, CHU of Reims, Reims, France
| | - Christine Gilles
- GIGA-Cancer, Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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106
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Dong Z, Ahrens CC, Yu D, Ding Z, Lim H, Li W. Cell Isolation and Recovery Using Hollow Glass Microspheres Coated with Nanolayered Films for Applications in Resource-Limited Settings. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:15265-15273. [PMID: 28414907 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b02197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Established cell isolation and purification techniques such as fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), isolation through magnetic micro/nanoparticles, and recovery via microfluidic devices have limited application as disposable technologies appropriate for point-of-care use in remote areas where lab equipment as well as electrical, magnetic, and optical sources are restricted. We report a simple yet effective method for cell isolation and recovery that requires neither specialized lab equipment nor any form of power source. Specifically, self-floating hollow glass microspheres were coated with an enzymatically degradable nanolayered film and conjugated with antibodies to allow both fast capture and release of subpopulations of cells from a cell mixture. Targeted cells were captured by the microspheres and allowed to float to the top of the hosting liquid, thereby isolating targeted cells. To minimize nonspecific adhesion of untargeted cells and to enhance the purity of the isolated cell population, an antifouling polymer brush layer was grafted onto the nanolayered film. Using the EpCAM-expressing cancer cell line PC-3 in blood as a model system, we have demonstrated the isolation and recovery of cancer cells without compromising cell viability or proliferative potential. The whole process takes less than 1 h. To support the rational extension of this platform technology, we introduce extensive characterization of the critical design parameters: film formation and degradation, grafting with a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) sheath, and introducing functional antibodies. Our approach is expected to overcome practical hurdles and provide viable targeted cells for downstream analyses in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziye Dong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Caroline C Ahrens
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Dan Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou, China 450003
| | - Zhenya Ding
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - HyunTaek Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
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107
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Zhang S, Shang Y, Chen T, Zhou X, Meng W, Fan C, Lu R, Huang Q, Li X, Hong X, Zhou Z, Hu J, Mo X. Human circulating and tissue gastric cancer stem cells display distinct epithelial-mesenchymal features and behaviors. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2017; 143:1687-1699. [PMID: 28429101 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-017-2417-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metastasis is a leading cause of cancer-related-deaths worldwide. Recently, cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been believed to be responsible for tumor initiation and metastasis, but till now, difference of cellular features and behaviors between CSCs from tumor tissues (TCSCs) and circulation (CCSCs) remains largely unknown, which hinders the progression of targeted therapies for metastasis. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we provide the features of circulating gastric cancer stem cells (CGCSCs) isolated from human gastric adenocarcinoma. The CGCSCs and TGCSCs were culture in a same serum free stem cell culture medium, however the morphology are different with each other. EMT-associated markers were measured by Immunofluorescence, Western Blotting, and RT-PCR methods, and the results indicated that the CGCSCs and TGCSCs carry different epithelial-mesenchymal features. And then, proliferation and apoptosis assays revealed that the CGCSCs exhibited characteristics of higher proliferation and resistance to apoptosis in vitro. Soft agar assay and nude mice tumorigenicity assay displayed strong tumorigenicity of CGCSCs. Finally, Matrigel invasion assays and in vivo experimental metastasis assay were also performed, which demonstrated that CGCSCs carry high invasive and metastatic capabilities than TGCSCs. CONCLUSIONS As expected, the CGCSCs indeed showed extremely invasive and metastatic properties. They also exhibited distinctive mesenchymal phenotypes, high self-renewal, proliferative capabilities, tumor induction and low apoptosis. Interestingly, CGCSCs show small cell-size than TGCSCs (tissue gastric cancer stem cells). The findings might help us to understand the biological characteristic of CGCSCs deeply, and give light to strategies for cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengliang Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yanna Shang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tie Chen
- Health Science Center, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wengtong Meng
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chuanwen Fan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Institute of Digestive Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ran Lu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qiaorong Huang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xue Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xu Hong
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zongguang Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Institute of Digestive Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiankun Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Xianming Mo
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
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108
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Mirza S, Jain N, Rawal R. Evidence for circulating cancer stem-like cells and epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotype in the pleurospheres derived from lung adenocarcinoma using liquid biopsy. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317695915. [PMID: 28347243 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317695915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer stem cells are supposed to be the main drivers of tumor initiation, maintenance, drug resistance, and relapse of the disease. Hence, identification of the cellular and molecular aspects of these cells is a prerequisite for targeted therapy of lung cancer. Currently, analysis of circulating tumor cells has the potential to become the main diagnostic technique to monitor disease progression or therapeutic response as it is non-invasive. However, accurate detection of circulating tumor cells has remained a challenge, as epithelial cell markers used so far are not always trustworthy for detecting circulating tumor cells, especially during epithelial-mesenchymal transition. As cancer stem cells are the only culprit to initiate metastatic tumors, our aim was to isolate and characterize circulating tumor stem cells rather than circulating tumor cells from the peripheral blood of NSCLC adenocarcinoma as limited data are available addressing the gene expression profiling of lung cancer stem cells. Here, we reveal that CD44(+)/CD24(-) population in circulation not only exhibit stem cell-related genes but also possess epithelial-mesenchymal transition characteristics. In conclusion, the use of one or more cancer stem cell markers along with epithelial, mesenchymal and epithelial mesenchymal transition markers will prospectively provide the most precise assessment of the threat for recurrence and metastatic disease and has a great potential for forthcoming applications in harvesting circulating tumor stem cells and their downstream applications. Our results will aid in developing diagnostic and prognostic modalities and personalized treatment regimens like dendritic cell-based immunotherapy that can be utilized for targeting and eliminating circulating tumor stem cells, to significantly reduce the possibility of relapse and improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheefa Mirza
- 1 Department of Life Sciences, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India.,2 Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Nayan Jain
- 1 Department of Life Sciences, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Rakesh Rawal
- 2 Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, Ahmedabad, India
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109
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Fang S, Tian H, Li X, Jin D, Li X, Kong J, Yang C, Yang X, Lu Y, Luo Y, Lin B, Niu W, Liu T. Clinical application of a microfluidic chip for immunocapture and quantification of circulating exosomes to assist breast cancer diagnosis and molecular classification. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175050. [PMID: 28369094 PMCID: PMC5378374 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing attention has been attracted by exosomes in blood-based diagnosis because cancer cells release more exosomes in serum than normal cells and these exosomes overexpress a certain number of cancer-related biomarkers. However, capture and biomarker analysis of exosomes for clinical application are technically challenging. In this study, we developed a microfluidic chip for immunocapture and quantification of circulating exosomes from small sample volume and applied this device in clinical study. Circulating EpCAM-positive exosomes were measured in 6 cases breast cancer patients and 3 healthy controls to assist diagnosis. A significant increase in the EpCAM-positive exosome level in these patients was detected, compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, we quantified circulating HER2-positive exosomes in 19 cases of breast cancer patients for molecular classification. We demonstrated that the exosomal HER2 expression levels were almost consistent with that in tumor tissues assessed by immunohistochemical staining. The microfluidic chip might provide a new platform to assist breast cancer diagnosis and molecular classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimeng Fang
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hongzhu Tian
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiancheng Li
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dong Jin
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Kong
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Bingcheng Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Weidong Niu
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- * E-mail: (TL); (WN)
| | - Tingjiao Liu
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- * E-mail: (TL); (WN)
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110
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Yadavalli S, Jayaram S, Manda SS, Madugundu AK, Nayakanti DS, Tan TZ, Bhat R, Rangarajan A, Chatterjee A, Gowda H, Thiery JP, Kumar P. Data-Driven Discovery of Extravasation Pathway in Circulating Tumor Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43710. [PMID: 28262832 PMCID: PMC5337960 DOI: 10.1038/srep43710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play a crucial role in cancer dissemination and provide a promising source of blood-based markers. Understanding the spectrum of transcriptional profiles of CTCs and their corresponding regulatory mechanisms will allow for a more robust analysis of CTC phenotypes. The current challenge in CTC research is the acquisition of useful clinical information from the multitude of high-throughput studies. To gain a deeper understanding of CTC heterogeneity and identify genes, pathways and processes that are consistently affected across tumors, we mined the literature for gene expression profiles in CTCs. Through in silico analysis and the integration of CTC-specific genes, we found highly significant biological mechanisms and regulatory processes acting in CTCs across various cancers, with a particular enrichment of the leukocyte extravasation pathway. This pathway appears to play a pivotal role in the migration of CTCs to distant metastatic sites. We find that CTCs from multiple cancers express both epithelial and mesenchymal markers in varying amounts, which is suggestive of dynamic and hybrid states along the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) spectrum. Targeting the specific molecular nodes to monitor disease and therapeutic control of CTCs in real time will likely improve the clinical management of cancer progression and metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Yadavalli
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Whitefield, Bangalore, 560 066, India
| | - S. Jayaram
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Whitefield, Bangalore, 560 066, India
- Manipal University, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - S. S. Manda
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Whitefield, Bangalore, 560 066, India
- Center for Bioinformatics, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605 014, India
| | - A. K. Madugundu
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Whitefield, Bangalore, 560 066, India
- Center for Bioinformatics, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605 014, India
| | - D. S. Nayakanti
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Whitefield, Bangalore, 560 066, India
| | - T. Z. Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - R. Bhat
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - A. Rangarajan
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - A. Chatterjee
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Whitefield, Bangalore, 560 066, India
- YU-IOB Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - H. Gowda
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Whitefield, Bangalore, 560 066, India
- YU-IOB Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - J. P. Thiery
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institut Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France
- CNRS UMR 7057, Matter and Complex Systems, Université Paris Diderot, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet 75013 Paris, France
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - P. Kumar
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Whitefield, Bangalore, 560 066, India
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111
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Catch and Release: rare cell analysis from a functionalised medical wire. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43424. [PMID: 28233867 PMCID: PMC5324062 DOI: 10.1038/srep43424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Enumeration and especially molecular characterization of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) holds great promise for cancer management. We tested a modified type of an in vivo enrichment device (Catch&Release) for its ability to bind and detach cancer cells for the purpose of single-cell molecular downstream analysis in vitro. The evaluation showed that single-cell analysis using array comparative genome hybridization (array-CGH) and next generation sequencing (NGS) is feasible. We found array-CGH to be less noisy when whole genome amplification (WGA) was performed with Ampli1 as compared to GenomePlex (DLRS values 0.65 vs. 1.39). Moreover, Ampli1-processed cells allowed detection of smaller aberrations (median 14.0 vs. 49.9 Mb). Single-cell NGS data obtained from Ampli1-processed samples showed the expected non-synonymous mutations (deletion/SNP) according to bulk DNA. We conclude that clinical application of this refined in vivo enrichment device allows CTC enumeration and characterization, thus, representing a promising tool for personalized medicine.
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112
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Liu XR, Shao B, Peng JX, Li HP, Yang YL, Kong WY, Song GH, Jiang HF, Liang X, Yan Y. Identification of high independent prognostic value of nanotechnology based circulating tumor cell enumeration in first-line chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer patients. Breast 2017; 32:119-125. [PMID: 28157583 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Enumeration of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is a promising tool in the management of metastatic breast cancer (MBC). This study investigated the capturing efficiency and prognostic value of our previously reported peptide-based nanomagnetic CTC isolation system (Pep@MNPs). We counted CTCs in blood samples taken at baseline (n = 102) and later at patients' first clinical evaluation after starting firstline chemotherapy (n = 72) in a cohort of women treated for MBC. Their median follow-up was 16.3 months (range: 9.0-31.0 months). The CTC detection rate was 69.6 % for the baseline samples. Patients with ≤2 CTC/2 ml at baseline had longer median progression-free survival (PFS) than did those with >2 CTC/2 ml (17.0 months vs. 8.0 months; P = 0.002). Patients with ≤2 CTC/2 ml both at baseline and first clinical evaluation had longest PFS (18.2 months) among all patient groups (P = 0.004). Particularly, among patients with stable disease (SD; per imaging evaluation) our assay could identify those with longer PFS (P < 0.001). Patients with >2 CTC/2 ml at baseline were also significantly more likely to suffer liver metastasis (P = 0.010). This study confirmed the prognostic value of Pep@MNPs assays for MBC patients who undergo firstline chemotherapy, and offered extra stratification regarding PFS for patients with SD, and a possible indicator for patients at risk for liver metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ran Liu
- Department of Breast Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research(Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Shao
- Department of Breast Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research(Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Xi Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Ping Li
- Department of Breast Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research(Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China.
| | - Yan-Lian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei-Yao Kong
- Department of Breast Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research(Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Hong Song
- Department of Breast Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research(Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Han-Fang Jiang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research(Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Liang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research(Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Yan
- Department of Breast Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research(Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
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Han Y, Li J. Sample types applied for molecular diagnosis of therapeutic management of advanced non-small cell lung cancer in the precision medicine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 55:1817-1833. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2017-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn this era of precision medicine, molecular biology is becoming increasingly significant for the diagnosis and therapeutic management of non-small cell lung cancer. The specimen as the primary element of the whole testing flow is particularly important for maintaining the accuracy of gene alteration testing. Presently, the main sample types applied in routine diagnosis are tissue and cytology biopsies. Liquid biopsies are considered as the most promising alternatives when tissue and cytology samples are not available. Each sample type possesses its own strengths and weaknesses, pertaining to the disparity of sampling, preparation and preservation procedures, the heterogeneity of inter- or intratumors, the tumor cellularity (percentage and number of tumor cells) of specimens, etc., and none of them can individually be a “one size to fit all”. Therefore, in this review, we summarized the strengths and weaknesses of different sample types that are widely used in clinical practice, offered solutions to reduce the negative impact of the samples and proposed an optimized strategy for choice of samples during the entire diagnostic course. We hope to provide valuable information to laboratories for choosing optimal clinical specimens to achieve comprehensive functional genomic landscapes and formulate individually tailored treatment plans for NSCLC patients that are in advanced stages.
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Abstract
The significant parallels between cell plasticity during embryonic development and carcinoma progression have helped us understand the importance of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human disease. Our expanding knowledge of EMT has led to a clarification of the EMT program as a set of multiple and dynamic transitional states between the epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes, as opposed to a process involving a single binary decision. EMT and its intermediate states have recently been identified as crucial drivers of organ fibrosis and tumor progression, although there is some need for caution when interpreting its contribution to metastatic colonization. Here, we discuss the current state-of-the-art and latest findings regarding the concept of cellular plasticity and heterogeneity in EMT. We raise some of the questions pending and identify the challenges faced in this fast-moving field.
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Technical Insights into Highly Sensitive Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Fixed and Live Circulating Tumor Cells for Early Detection of Tumor Invasion. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169427. [PMID: 28060956 PMCID: PMC5218415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating Tumor Cells (CTC) and Circulating Tumor Microemboli (CTM) are Circulating Rare Cells (CRC) which herald tumor invasion and are expected to provide an opportunity to improve the management of cancer patients. An unsolved technical issue in the CTC field is how to obtain highly sensitive and unbiased collection of these fragile and heterogeneous cells, in both live and fixed form, for their molecular study when they are extremely rare, particularly at the beginning of the invasion process. We report on a new protocol to enrich from blood live CTC using ISET® (Isolation by SizE of Tumor/Trophoblastic Cells), an open system originally developed for marker-independent isolation of fixed tumor cells. We have assessed the impact of our new enrichment method on live tumor cells antigen expression, cytoskeleton structure, cell viability and ability to expand in culture. We have also explored the ISET®in vitro performance to collect intact fixed and live cancer cells by using spiking analyses with extremely low number of fluorescent cultured cells. We describe results consistently showing the feasibility of isolating fixed and live tumor cells with a Lower Limit of Detection (LLOD) of one cancer cell per 10 mL of blood and a sensitivity at LLOD ranging from 83 to 100%. This very high sensitivity threshold can be maintained when plasma is collected before tumor cells isolation. Finally, we have performed a comparative next generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of tumor cells before and after isolation from blood and culture. We established the feasibility of NGS analysis of single live and fixed tumor cells enriched from blood by our system. This study provides new protocols for detection and characterization of CTC collected from blood at the very early steps of tumor invasion.
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Lampignano R, Schneck H, Neumann M, Fehm T, Neubauer H. Enrichment, Isolation and Molecular Characterization of EpCAM-Negative Circulating Tumor Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 994:181-203. [PMID: 28560675 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55947-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The presence of EpCAM-positive circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the peripheral blood is associated with poor clinical outcomes in breast, colorectal and prostate cancer, as well as the prognosis of other tumor types. In addition, recent studies have suggested that the presence of CTCs undergoing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and, as such, may exhibit reduced or no expression of epithelial proteins e.g. EpCAM, might be related to disease progression in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients. Analyzing the neoplastic nature of this EpCAM-low/negative (EpCAM-neg) subpopulation remains an open issue as the current standard detection methods for CTCs are not efficient at identifying this subpopulation of cells. The possible association of EpCAM-neg CTCs with EpCAM-positive (EpCAM-pos) CTCs and role in the clinicopathological features and prognosis of MBC patients has still to be demonstrated. Several technologies have been developed and are currently being tested for the identification and the downstream analyses of EpCAM-pos CTCs. These technologies can be adapted and implemented into workflows to isolate and investigate EpCAM-neg cells to understand their biology and clinical relevance. This chapter will endeavour to explain the rationale behind the identification and analyses of all CTC subgroups, as well as to review the current strategies employed to enrich, isolate and characterize EpCAM-negative CTCs. Finally, the latest findings in the field will briefly be discussed with regard to their clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Lampignano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Helen Schneck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin Neumann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Tanja Fehm
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans Neubauer
- Forschungslabore der Frauenklinik des, Universitätsklinikums Düsseldorf, Life Science Center, Merowingerplatz 1A, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Tumour Heterogeneity: The Key Advantages of Single-Cell Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122142. [PMID: 27999407 PMCID: PMC5187942 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour heterogeneity refers to the fact that different tumour cells can show distinct morphological and phenotypic profiles, including cellular morphology, gene expression, metabolism, motility, proliferation and metastatic potential. This phenomenon occurs both between tumours (inter-tumour heterogeneity) and within tumours (intra-tumour heterogeneity), and it is caused by genetic and non-genetic factors. The heterogeneity of cancer cells introduces significant challenges in using molecular prognostic markers as well as for classifying patients that might benefit from specific therapies. Thus, research efforts for characterizing heterogeneity would be useful for a better understanding of the causes and progression of disease. It has been suggested that the study of heterogeneity within Circulating Tumour Cells (CTCs) could also reflect the full spectrum of mutations of the disease more accurately than a single biopsy of a primary or metastatic tumour. In previous years, many high throughput methodologies have raised for the study of heterogeneity at different levels (i.e., RNA, DNA, protein and epigenetic events). The aim of the current review is to stress clinical implications of tumour heterogeneity, as well as current available methodologies for their study, paying specific attention to those able to assess heterogeneity at the single cell level.
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Wu Y, Park KJJ, Deighan C, Amaya P, Miller B, Pan Q, Zborowski M, Lustberg M, Chalmers J. Multiparameter Evaluation of the Heterogeneity of Circulating Tumor Cells Using Integrated RNA In Situ Hybridization and Immunocytochemical Analysis. Front Oncol 2016; 6:234. [PMID: 27878106 PMCID: PMC5099140 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are routinely identified as cytokeratin (CK)-positive, epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)-positive, and CD45-negative and are enriched based on EpCAM. However, there are a number of methodological challenges regarding both isolation and characterization of these rare CTCs including downregulation or absence of EpCAM in a variety of solid tumors leading to the omission of subpopulations of CTCs, difficulties in analyzing RNA and protein targets in CTCs due to the rarity of these cells, and low levels of targets and technological limitations of visualizing the targets of interest on each individual cell. Building on our previous CTC research on CD45-based negative magnetic separation and four-color fluorescent immunocytochemical (ICC) staining, RNA in situ hybridization (ISH) was applied to fluorescently target mRNA sequences corresponding to tumor-related genes at the single CTC level. Multiple categories of markers are targeted including CK, human epidermal growth factor receptor family markers, Hedgehog pathway markers, human papillomavirus markers, and protein arginine methyltransferase 5. In addition, an integrated method of RNA ISH and fluorescent ICC staining was developed to visualize CTCs on both mRNA and protein levels. The robustness of the integrated co-ICC and RNA ISH staining was demonstrated by a series of tests on representative tumor markers of different categories. The integrated staining can incorporate the advantages of both RNA ISH and fluorescent ICC staining and provide more intense signals and more specific bindings. With this integrated staining methodology, distinct staining patterns were applied in this report to facilitate the searching and characterization of rare subgroups of CTCs. These results support the existence of diverse groups of CTCs at both protein and mRNA transcript levels and provide an analytical tool for the research on CTCs of rare subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqi Wu
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH , USA
| | - Kyoung-Joo Jenny Park
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH , USA
| | - Clayton Deighan
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH , USA
| | - Peter Amaya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH , USA
| | - Brandon Miller
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH , USA
| | - Quintin Pan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH , USA
| | - Maciej Zborowski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH , USA
| | - Maryam Lustberg
- Breast Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, James Cancer Hospital, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center , Columbus, OH , USA
| | - Jeffery Chalmers
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Analytical Cytometry Shared Resource, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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Soave A, Riethdorf S, Dahlem R, von Amsberg G, Minner S, Weisbach L, Engel O, Fisch M, Pantel K, Rink M. A nonrandomized, prospective, clinical study on the impact of circulating tumor cells on outcomes of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder patients treated with radical cystectomy with or without adjuvant chemotherapy. Int J Cancer 2016; 140:381-389. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Armin Soave
- Department of Urology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Sabine Riethdorf
- Institute of Tumor Biology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Roland Dahlem
- Department of Urology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Gunhild von Amsberg
- Department of Hematology and Oncology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Department of Pathology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Lars Weisbach
- Department of Urology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Oliver Engel
- Department of Urology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Margit Fisch
- Department of Urology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Institute of Tumor Biology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Michael Rink
- Department of Urology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
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120
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Denis JA, Patroni A, Guillerm E, Pépin D, Benali-Furet N, Wechsler J, Manceau G, Bernard M, Coulet F, Larsen AK, Karoui M, Lacorte JM. Droplet digital PCR of circulating tumor cells from colorectal cancer patients can predict KRAS mutations before surgery. Mol Oncol 2016; 10:1221-31. [PMID: 27311775 PMCID: PMC5423194 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In colorectal cancer (CRC), KRAS mutations are a strong negative predictor for treatment with the EGFR-targeted antibodies cetuximab and panitumumab. Since it can be difficult to obtain appropriate tumor tissues for KRAS genotyping, alternative methods are required. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are believed to be representative of the tumor in real time. In this study we explored the capacity of a size-based device for capturing CTCs coupled with a multiplex KRAS screening assay using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). We showed that it is possible to detect a mutant ratio of 0.05% and less than one KRAS mutant cell per mL total blood with ddPCR compared to about 0.5% and 50-75 cells for TaqMeltPCR and HRM. Next, CTCs were isolated from the blood of 35 patients with CRC at various stage of the disease. KRAS genotyping was successful for 86% (30/35) of samples with a KRAS codon 12/13 mutant ratio of 57% (17/30). In contrast, only one patient was identified as KRAS mutant when size-based isolation was combined with HRM or TaqMeltPCR. KRAS status was then determined for the 26 available formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumors using standard procedures. The concordance between the CTCs and the corresponding tumor tissues was 77% with a sensitivity of 83%. Taken together, the data presented here suggest that is feasible to detect KRAS mutations in CTCs from blood samples of CRC patients which are predictive for those found in the tumor. The minimal invasive nature of this procedure in combination with the high sensitivity of ddPCR might provide in the future an opportunity to monitor patients throughout the course of disease on multiple levels including early detection, prognosis, treatment and relapse as well as to obtain mechanistic insight with respect to tumor invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Alexandre Denis
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, F-75005, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Oncology and Endocrine Biochemistry, Paris, France; Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U938, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie (IUC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France.
| | - Alexia Patroni
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Digestive and Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Paris, France
| | - Erell Guillerm
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, F-75005, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Oncogenetics and Molecular Angiogenetics, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Pépin
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Oncology and Endocrine Biochemistry, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Gilles Manceau
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, F-75005, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Digestive and Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Paris, France
| | - Maguy Bernard
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Oncology and Endocrine Biochemistry, Paris, France
| | - Florence Coulet
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, F-75005, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Oncogenetics and Molecular Angiogenetics, Paris, France
| | - Annette K Larsen
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U938, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie (IUC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France
| | - Mehdi Karoui
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, F-75005, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Digestive and Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Lacorte
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, F-75005, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Oncology and Endocrine Biochemistry, Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S 1166, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Paris, France
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121
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Murlidhar V, Rivera-Báez L, Nagrath S. Affinity Versus Label-Free Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cells: Who Wins? SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:4450-63. [PMID: 27436104 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201601394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The study of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has been made possible by many technological advances in their isolation. Their isolation has seen many fronts, but each technology brings forth a new set of challenges to overcome. Microfluidics has been a key player in the capture of CTCs and their downstream analysis, with the aim of shedding light into their clinical application in cancer and metastasis. Researchers have taken diverging paths to isolate such cells from blood, ranging from affinity-based isolation targeting surface antigens expressed on CTCs, to label-free isolation taking advantage of the size differences between CTCs and other blood cells. For both major groups, many microfluidic technologies have reported high sensitivity and specificity for capturing CTCs. However, the question remains as to the superiority among these two isolation techniques, specifically to identify different CTC populations. This review highlights the key aspects of affinity and label-free microfluidic CTC technologies, and discusses which of these two would be the highest benefactor for the study of CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudha Murlidhar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 3074 H.H. Dow, 2300 Hayward Street Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute (BI), University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Translational Oncology Program (TOP), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Lianette Rivera-Báez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 3074 H.H. Dow, 2300 Hayward Street Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute (BI), University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Translational Oncology Program (TOP), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sunitha Nagrath
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 3074 H.H. Dow, 2300 Hayward Street Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute (BI), University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Translational Oncology Program (TOP), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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Tomita S, Niwa O, Kurita R. Artificial Modification of an Enzyme for Construction of Cross-Reactive Polyion Complexes To Fingerprint Signatures of Proteins and Mammalian Cells. Anal Chem 2016; 88:9079-86. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Tomita
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, and DAILAB, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Osamu Niwa
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, and DAILAB, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
- Advanced
Science Research Laboratory, Saitama Institute of Technology, 1690 Fusaiji, Fukaya, Saitama 369-0293, Japan
| | - Ryoji Kurita
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, and DAILAB, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
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Pathologists and liquid biopsies: to be or not to be? Virchows Arch 2016; 469:601-609. [PMID: 27553354 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-016-2004-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the advent of therapies targeting genomic alterations has improved the care of patients with certain types of cancer. While molecular targets were initially detected in nucleic acid samples extracted from tumor tissue, detection of nucleic acids in circulating blood has allowed the development of what has become known as liquid biopsies, which provide a complementary and alternative sample source allowing identification of genomic alterations that might be addressed by targeted therapy. Consequently, liquid biopsies might rapidly revolutionize oncology practice in allowing administration of more effective treatments. Liquid biopsies also provide an approach towards short-term monitoring of metastatic cancer patients to evaluate efficacy of treatment and/or early detection of secondary mutations responsible for resistance to treatment. In this context, pathologists, who have already been required in recent years to take interest in the domain of molecular pathology of cancer, now face new challenges. The attitude of pathologists to and level of involvement in the practice of liquid biopsies, including mastering the methods employed in molecular analysis of blood samples, need close attention. Regardless of the level of involvement of pathologists in this new field, it is mandatory that oncologists, biologists, geneticists, and pathologists work together to coordinate the pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical phases of molecular assessment of tissue and liquid samples of individual cancer patients. The challenges include (1) implementation of effective and efficient procedures for reception and analysis of liquid and tissue samples for histopathological and molecular evaluation and (2) assuring short turn-around times to facilitate rapid optimization of individual patient treatment. In this paper, we will review the following: (1) recent data concerning the concept of liquid biopsies in oncology and its development for patient care, (2) advantages and limitations of molecular analyses performed on blood samples compared to those performed on tissue samples, and (3) short-term challenges facing pathologists in dealing with liquid biopsies of cancer patients and new strategies to early detect metastatic tumor cell clones.
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Ignatiadis M, Lee M, Jeffrey SS. Circulating Tumor Cells and Circulating Tumor DNA: Challenges and Opportunities on the Path to Clinical Utility. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 21:4786-800. [PMID: 26527805 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-1190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent technological advances have enabled the detection and detailed characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTC) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in blood samples from patients with cancer. Often referred to as a "liquid biopsy," CTCs and ctDNA are expected to provide real-time monitoring of tumor evolution and therapeutic efficacy, with the potential for improved cancer diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we focus on these opportunities as well as the challenges that should be addressed so that these tools may eventually be implemented into routine clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Ignatiadis
- Department of Medical Oncology and Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory J. C. Heuson, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mark Lee
- Google[x] Life Sciences, Google, Inc, Mountain View, California
| | - Stefanie S Jeffrey
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
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Circulating Tumour Cells as an Independent Prognostic Factor in Patients with Advanced Oesophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Undergoing Chemoradiotherapy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31423. [PMID: 27530152 PMCID: PMC4987675 DOI: 10.1038/srep31423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) in advanced oesophageal cancer (EC) patients undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) remains uncertain. A negative selection protocol plus flow cytometry was validated to efficiently identify CTCs. The CTC number was calculated and analysed for survival impact. The protocol’s efficacy in CTC identification was validated with a recovery rate of 44.6 ± 9.1% and a coefficient of variation of 20.4%. Fifty-seven patients and 20 healthy donors were enrolled. Initial staging, first response to CRT, and surgery after CRT were prognostic for overall survival, with P values of <0.0001, <0.0001, and <0.0001, respectively. The CTC number of EC patients is significantly higher (P = 0.04) than that of healthy donors. Multivariate analysis for disease-specific progression-free survival showed that surgery after response to CCRT, initial stage, and CTC number (≥21.0 cells/mL) played independent prognostic roles. For overall survival, surgery after CCRT, performance status, initial stage, and CTC number were significant independent prognostic factors. In conclusion, a negative selection plus flow cytometry protocol efficiently detected CTCs. The CTC number before CCRT was an independent prognostic factor in patients with unresectable oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Further large-scale prospective studies for validation are warranted.
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Schehr JL, Schultz ZD, Warrick JW, Guckenberger DJ, Pezzi HM, Sperger JM, Heninger E, Saeed A, Leal T, Mattox K, Traynor AM, Campbell TC, Berry SM, Beebe DJ, Lang JM. High Specificity in Circulating Tumor Cell Identification Is Required for Accurate Evaluation of Programmed Death-Ligand 1. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159397. [PMID: 27459545 PMCID: PMC4961410 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Expression of programmed-death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is typically evaluated through invasive biopsies; however, recent advances in the identification of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may be a less invasive method to assay tumor cells for these purposes. These liquid biopsies rely on accurate identification of CTCs from the diverse populations in the blood, where some tumor cells share characteristics with normal blood cells. While many blood cells can be excluded by their high expression of CD45, neutrophils and other immature myeloid subsets have low to absent expression of CD45 and also express PD-L1. Furthermore, cytokeratin is typically used to identify CTCs, but neutrophils may stain non-specifically for intracellular antibodies, including cytokeratin, thus preventing accurate evaluation of PD-L1 expression on tumor cells. This holds even greater significance when evaluating PD-L1 in epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) positive and EpCAM negative CTCs (as in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)). Methods To evaluate the impact of CTC misidentification on PD-L1 evaluation, we utilized CD11b to identify myeloid cells. CTCs were isolated from patients with metastatic NSCLC using EpCAM, MUC1 or Vimentin capture antibodies and exclusion-based sample preparation (ESP) technology. Results Large populations of CD11b+CD45lo cells were identified in buffy coats and stained non-specifically for intracellular antibodies including cytokeratin. The amount of CD11b+ cells misidentified as CTCs varied among patients; accounting for 33–100% of traditionally identified CTCs. Cells captured with vimentin had a higher frequency of CD11b+ cells at 41%, compared to 20% and 18% with MUC1 or EpCAM, respectively. Cells misidentified as CTCs ultimately skewed PD-L1 expression to varying degrees across patient samples. Conclusions Interfering myeloid populations can be differentiated from true CTCs with additional staining criteria, thus improving the specificity of CTC identification and the accuracy of biomarker evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Schehr
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Zachery D. Schultz
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jay W. Warrick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - David J. Guckenberger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Hannah M. Pezzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jamie M. Sperger
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Erika Heninger
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Anwaar Saeed
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Ticiana Leal
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kara Mattox
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Anne M. Traynor
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Toby C. Campbell
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Scott M. Berry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - David J. Beebe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Joshua M. Lang
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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127
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Bourcy M, Suarez-Carmona M, Lambert J, Francart ME, Schroeder H, Delierneux C, Skrypek N, Thompson EW, Jérusalem G, Berx G, Thiry M, Blacher S, Hollier BG, Noël A, Oury C, Polette M, Gilles C. Tissue Factor Induced by Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition Triggers a Procoagulant State That Drives Metastasis of Circulating Tumor Cells. Cancer Res 2016; 76:4270-82. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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128
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Guzman NA, Guzman DE. An emerging micro-scale immuno-analytical diagnostic tool to see the unseen. Holding promise for precision medicine and P4 medicine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1021:14-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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129
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Bhana S, Wang Y, Huang X. Nanotechnology for enrichment and detection of circulating tumor cells. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 10:1973-90. [PMID: 26139129 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are a hallmark of invasive behavior of cancer, responsible for the development of metastasis. Their detection and analysis have significant impacts in cancer biology and clinical practice. However, CTCs are rare events and contain heterogeneous subpopulations, requiring highly sensitive and specific techniques to identify and capture CTCs with high efficiency. Nanotechnology shows strong promises for CTC enrichment and detection owning to the unique structural and functional properties of nanoscale materials. In this review, we discuss the CTC enrichment and detection technologies based on a variety of functional nanosystems and nanostructured substrates, with the goal to highlight the role of nanotechnology in the advancement of basic and clinical CTC research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheel Bhana
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Yongmei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Xiaohua Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
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130
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Qin Z, Ljubimov VA, Zhou C, Tong Y, Liang J. Cell-free circulating tumor DNA in cancer. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2016; 35:36. [PMID: 27056366 PMCID: PMC4823888 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-016-0092-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a common cause of death worldwide. Despite significant advances in cancer treatments, the morbidity and mortality are still enormous. Tumor heterogeneity, especially intratumoral heterogeneity, is a significant reason underlying difficulties in tumor treatment and failure of a number of current therapeutic modalities, even of molecularly targeted therapies. The development of a virtually noninvasive “liquid biopsy” from the blood has been attempted to characterize tumor heterogeneity. This review focuses on cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in the bloodstream as a versatile biomarker. ctDNA analysis is an evolving field with many new methods being developed and optimized to be able to successfully extract and analyze ctDNA, which has vast clinical applications. ctDNA has the potential to accurately genotype the tumor and identify personalized genetic and epigenetic alterations of the entire tumor. In addition, ctDNA has the potential to accurately monitor tumor burden and treatment response, while also being able to monitor minimal residual disease, reducing the need for harmful adjuvant chemotherapy and allowing more rapid detection of relapse. There are still many challenges that need to be overcome prior to this biomarker getting wide adoption in the clinical world, including optimization, standardization, and large multicenter trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Qin
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA.,School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710126, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Vladimir A Ljubimov
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Cuiqi Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA
| | - Yunguang Tong
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, P. R. China.
| | - Jimin Liang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710126, Shaanxi, P. R. China.
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131
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Soave A, Riethdorf S, Pantel K, Fisch M, Rink M. Do circulating tumor cells have a role in deciding on adjuvant chemotherapy after radical cystectomy? Curr Urol Rep 2016; 16:46. [PMID: 26025496 DOI: 10.1007/s11934-015-0520-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Radical cystectomy (RC) with bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy with or without perioperative chemotherapy is the golden standard treatment in muscle invasive and recurrent high-grade non-muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB). Despite treatment with curative intent, up to 50% of patients develop metastasis and die from UCB due to micro-metastatic disease undetectable for current staging techniques prior to definitive therapy. Tumor cell dissemination is a crucial step in the natural history of the metastatic cascade. Circulating tumor cells (CTC) are malignant epithelial cells detectable in the peripheral blood of patients with various malignancies. In UCB, CTC are detectable in a significant number of patients prior to RC and associated with inferior outcomes. In this review, we summarize the current literature regarding CTC in UCB, discussing their potential on clinical decision-making regarding multimodal treatment and implications on the application of novel targeted therapies in the future. There is reliable evidence that presence of CTC in clinically non-metastatic UCB patients treated with RC are a powerful predictor for unfavorable outcomes and may be useful for adjuvant chemotherapy decision-making and monitoring. However, currently, the evidence is limited, and thus, integration of CTC in future UCB clinical trials is strongly recommended to shed more light on the potential of this promising biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Soave
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
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132
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Bulfoni M, Gerratana L, Del Ben F, Marzinotto S, Sorrentino M, Turetta M, Scoles G, Toffoletto B, Isola M, Beltrami CA, Di Loreto C, Beltrami AP, Puglisi F, Cesselli D. In patients with metastatic breast cancer the identification of circulating tumor cells in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition is associated with a poor prognosis. Breast Cancer Res 2016; 18:30. [PMID: 26961140 PMCID: PMC4784394 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-016-0687-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although recent models suggest that the detection of Circulating Tumor Cells (CTC) in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EM CTC) might be related to disease progression in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients, current detection methods are not efficient in identifying this subpopulation of cells. Furthermore, the possible association of EM CTC with both clinicopathological features and prognosis of MBC patients has still to be demonstrated. Aims of this study were: first, to optimize a DEPArray-based protocol meant to identify, quantify and sort single, viable EM CTC and, subsequently, to test the association of EM CTC frequency with clinical data. METHODS This prospective observational study enrolled 56 MBC patients regardless of the line of treatment. Blood samples, depleted of CD45(pos) leukocytes, were stained with an antibody cocktail recognizing both epithelial and mesenchymal markers. Four CD45(neg) cell subpopulations were identified: cells expressing only epithelial markers (E CTC), cells co-expressing epithelial and mesenchymal markers (EM CTC), cells expressing only mesenchymal markers (MES) and cells negative for every tested marker (NEG). CTC subpopulations were quantified as both absolute cell count and relative frequency. The association of CTC subpopulations with clinicopathological features, progression free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) was explored by Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test and Univariate Cox Regression Analysis, respectively. RESULTS By employing the DEPArray-based strategy, we were able to assess the presence of cells pertaining to the above-described classes in every MBC patient. We observed a significant association between specific CD45(neg) subpopulations and tumor subtypes (e.g. NEG and triple negative), proliferation (NEG and Ki67 expression) and sites of metastatic spread (e.g. E CTC and bone; NEG and brain). Importantly, the fraction of CD45(neg) cells co-expressing epithelial and mesenchymal markers (EM CTC) was significantly associated with poorer PFS and OS, computed, this latter, both from the diagnosis of a stage IV disease and from the initial CTC assessment. CONCLUSION This study suggests the importance of dissecting the heterogeneity of CTC in MBC. Precise characterization of CTC could help in estimating both metastatization pattern and outcome, driving clinical decision-making and surveillance strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Bulfoni
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Gerratana
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Udine, P.le S.Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Fabio Del Ben
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Stefania Marzinotto
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Udine, P.le S.Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Marisa Sorrentino
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Udine, P.le S.Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Matteo Turetta
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Udine, P.le S.Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Giacinto Scoles
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Barbara Toffoletto
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Miriam Isola
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Carlo Alberto Beltrami
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Carla Di Loreto
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Udine, P.le S.Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Antonio Paolo Beltrami
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Fabio Puglisi
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Udine, P.le S.Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Daniela Cesselli
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy.
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133
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Khoo BL, Chaudhuri PK, Ramalingam N, Tan DSW, Lim CT, Warkiani ME. Single-cell profiling approaches to probing tumor heterogeneity. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:243-55. [PMID: 26789729 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity is a major hindrance in cancer classification, diagnosis and treatment. Recent technological advances have begun to reveal the true extent of its heterogeneity. Single-cell analysis (SCA) is emerging as an important approach to detect variations in morphology, genetic or proteomic expression. In this review, we revisit the issue of inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity, and list various modes of SCA techniques (cell-based, nucleic acid-based, protein-based, metabolite-based and lipid-based) presently used for cancer characterization. We further discuss the advantages of SCA over pooled cell analysis, as well as the limitations of conventional techniques. Emerging trends, such as high-throughput sequencing, are also mentioned as improved means for cancer profiling. Collectively, these applications have the potential for breakthroughs in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bee Luan Khoo
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore.,BioSystems and Micromechanics (BioSyM) IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Singapore
| | | | | | - Daniel Shao Weng Tan
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore.,Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore.,BioSystems and Micromechanics (BioSyM) IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore
| | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- BioSystems and Micromechanics (BioSyM) IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Singapore.,School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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134
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Kasimir-Bauer S, Bittner AK, König L, Reiter K, Keller T, Kimmig R, Hoffmann O. Does primary neoadjuvant systemic therapy eradicate minimal residual disease? Analysis of disseminated and circulating tumor cells before and after therapy. Breast Cancer Res 2016; 18:20. [PMID: 26868521 PMCID: PMC4751719 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-016-0679-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with breast cancer (BC) undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) may experience metastatic relapse despite achieving a pathologic complete response. We analyzed patients with BC before and after NACT for disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in the bone marrow(BM); comprehensively characterized circulating tumor cells (CTCs), including stem cell-like CTCs (slCTCs), in blood to prove the effectiveness of treatment on these cells; and correlated these findings with response to therapy, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). METHODS CTCs (n = 135) and slCTCs (n = 91) before and after NACT were analyzed using the AdnaTest BreastCancer, AdnaTest TumorStemCell, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (QIAGEN Hannover GmbH Germany). The expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and the resistance marker excision repair cross-complementing rodent repair deficiency, complementation group 1 (ERCC1), nuclease were studied in separate single-plex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction experiments. DTCs were evaluated in 142 patients before and 165 patients after NACT using the pan-cytokeratin antibody A45-B/B3 for immunocytochemistry. RESULTS The positivity rates for DTCs, CTCs, and slCTCs were 27 %, 24 %, and 51 % before and 20 %, 8 %, and 20 % after NACT, respectively. Interestingly, 72 % of CTCs present after therapy were positive for ERCC1, and CTCs before (p = 0.005) and after NACT (p = 0.05) were significantly associated with the presence of slCTCs. Whereas no significant associations with clinical parameters were found for CTCs and slCTCs, DTCs were significantly associated with nodal status (p = 0.03) and histology (0.046) before NACT and with the immunohistochemical subtype (p = 0.02) after NACT. Univariable Cox regression analysis revealed that age (p = 0.0065), tumor size before NACT (p = 0.0473), nodal status after NACT (p = 0.0137), and response to NACT (p = 0.0136) were significantly correlated with PFS, whereas age (p = 0.0162) and nodal status after NACT (p = 0.0243) were significantly associated with OS. No significant correlations were found for DTCs or any CTCs before and after therapy with regard to PFS and OS. CONCLUSIONS Although CTCs were eradicated more effectively than DTCs, CTCs detected after treatment seemed to be associated with tumor cells showing tumor stem cell characteristics as well as with resistant tumor cell populations that might indicate a worse outcome in the future. Thus, these patients might benefit from additional second-line treatment protocols including bisphosphonates for the eradication of DTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Kasimir-Bauer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, D-45122, Essen, Germany.
| | - Ann-Kathrin Bittner
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, D-45122, Essen, Germany.
| | - Lisa König
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, D-45122, Essen, Germany.
| | - Katharina Reiter
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, D-45122, Essen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Keller
- ACOMED Statistik, Fockestrasse 57, D-04275, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Rainer Kimmig
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, D-45122, Essen, Germany.
| | - Oliver Hoffmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, D-45122, Essen, Germany.
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135
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Collins DJ, Neild A, Ai Y. Highly focused high-frequency travelling surface acoustic waves (SAW) for rapid single-particle sorting. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:471-9. [PMID: 26646200 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc01335f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
High-speed sorting is an essential process in a number of clinical and research applications, where single cells, droplets and particles are segregated based on their properties in a continuous flow. With recent developments in the field of microscale actuation, there is increasing interest in replicating the functions available to conventional fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) flow cytometry in integrated on-chip systems, which have substantial advantages in cost and portability. Surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices are ideal for many acoustofluidic applications, and have been used to perform such sorting at rates on the order of kHz. Essential to the accuracy of this sorting, however, is the dimensions of the region over which sorting occurs, where a smaller sorting region can largely avoid inaccurate sorting across a range of sample concentrations. Here we demonstrate the use of flow focusing and a highly focused SAW generated by a high-frequency (386 MHz), 10 μm wavelength set of focused interdigital transducers (FIDTs) on a piezoelectric lithium niobate substrate, yielding an effective sorting region only ~25 μm wide, with sub-millisecond pulses generated at up to kHz rates. Furthermore, because of the use of high frequencies, actuation of particles as small as 2 μm can be realized. Such devices represent a substantial step forward in the evolution of highly localized forces for lab-on-a-chip microfluidic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Collins
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore.
| | - Adrian Neild
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ye Ai
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore.
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136
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Chudziak J, Burt DJ, Mohan S, Rothwell DG, Mesquita B, Antonello J, Dalby S, Ayub M, Priest L, Carter L, Krebs MG, Blackhall F, Dive C, Brady G. Clinical evaluation of a novel microfluidic device for epitope-independent enrichment of circulating tumour cells in patients with small cell lung cancer. Analyst 2016; 141:669-78. [PMID: 26605519 DOI: 10.1039/c5an02156a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) have potential utility as minimally-invasive biomarkers to aid cancer treatment decision making. However, many current CTC technologies enrich CTCs using specific surface epitopes that do not necessarily reflect CTC heterogeneity. Here we evaluated the epitope-independent Parsortix system which enriches CTCs based on size and rigidity using both healthy normal volunteer blood samples spiked with tumour cells and blood samples from patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Blood samples were maintained unfractionated at room temperature for up to 4 days followed by plasma removal for circulating free DNA (cfDNA) isolation and direct application of the remaining cell component to the Parsortix system. For tumour cells expressing the EpCAM cell surface marker the numbers of spiked cells retained using the Parsortix system and by EpCAM-positive selection using CellSearch® were not significantly different, whereas only the Parsortix system showed strong enrichment of cells with undetectable EpCAM expression. In a pilot clinical study we banked both enriched CTCs as well as plasma from SCLC patient blood samples. Upon retrieval of the banked Parsortix cellular samples we could detect cytokeratin positive CTCs in all 12 SCLC patients tested. Interestingly, processing parallel samples from the same patients by EpCAM enrichment using CellSearch® revealed only 83% (10/12) with cytokeratin positive CTCs indicating the Parsortix system is enriching for EpCAM negative SCLC CTCs. Our combined results indicate the Parsortix system is a valuable tool for combined cfDNA isolation and CTC enrichment that enables CTC analysis to be extended beyond dependence on surface epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Chudziak
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK.
| | - Deborah J Burt
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK.
| | - Sumitra Mohan
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK.
| | - Dominic G Rothwell
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK.
| | - Bárbara Mesquita
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK.
| | - Jenny Antonello
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK.
| | - Suzanne Dalby
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK.
| | - Mahmood Ayub
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK.
| | - Lynsey Priest
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK.
| | - Louise Carter
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK.
| | - Matthew G Krebs
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK.
| | - Fiona Blackhall
- Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK and Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Caroline Dive
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK.
| | - Ged Brady
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK.
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137
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Madhavan D, Peng C, Wallwiener M, Zucknick M, Nees J, Schott S, Rudolph A, Riethdorf S, Trumpp A, Pantel K, Sohn C, Chang-Claude J, Schneeweiss A, Burwinkel B. Circulating miRNAs with prognostic value in metastatic breast cancer and for early detection of metastasis. Carcinogenesis 2016; 37:461-70. [PMID: 26785733 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgw008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the principal cause of high morbidity and mortality among breast cancer (BC) patients. Identification of markers that can be routinely monitored to predict onset of metastasis in BC patients and prognosis of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients would increase their median survival. In this study, plasma miRNAs of 40 MBC patients were profiled by TaqMan low density arrays and miRNAs with prognostic capacity were identified. The candidates were validated initially in the samples of 237 MBC patients and subsequently in 335 samples from an independent study cohort of BC patients. Sixteen miRNAs were established to be significantly associated with overall survival, and were termed as prognostic miRNA panel template (PROMPT). These included miR-141, miR-144, miR-193b, miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-200c, miR-203, miR-210, miR-215, miR-365, miR-375, miR-429, miR-486-5p, miR-801, miR-1260 and miR-1274a. Additionally, 11 of these miRNAs were also associated with progression-free survival. Their prognostic significance was further confirmed in samples from a second study cohort of BC patients. In addition, miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-200c, miR-210, miR-215 and miR-486-5p were found to be significantly associated with onset of metastasis up to 2 years prior to clinical diagnosis in BC patients. We have thus identified panels of miRNAs, which include metastasis promoting miR-200 family and miR-203, as well as oncogenic and tumor-suppressive miRNAs, that can serve as prognostic markers for MBC, and early detection markers of metastasis in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharanija Madhavan
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer
| | - Cike Peng
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer,
| | - Markus Wallwiener
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuela Zucknick
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, Department of Biostatistics, Oslo Center for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Juliane Nees
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Anja Rudolph
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Riethdorf
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Trumpp
- Hi-STEM-Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine GmbH, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany and Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Schneeweiss
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer
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138
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Zhang Y, Ye X, Xu G, Jin X, Luan M, Lou J, Wang L, Huang C, Ye J. Identification and distinction of non-small-cell lung cancer cells by intracellular SERS nanoprobes. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra21758j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination of surface enhanced Raman scattering and multivariate statistical method allows to identify and distinguish three subtypes of non-small-cell lung cancer cells and leukocytes on the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200030
- China
| | - Xiaojia Ye
- School of Mathematics and Information Science
- Shanghai Lixin University of Commerce
- Shanghai 201620
- China
| | - Gengxin Xu
- School of Mathematics and Information Science
- Shanghai Lixin University of Commerce
- Shanghai 201620
- China
| | - Xiulong Jin
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200030
- China
| | - Mengmeng Luan
- School of Mathematics and Information Science
- Shanghai Lixin University of Commerce
- Shanghai 201620
- China
| | - Jiatao Lou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine
- Shanghai Chest Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200030
- China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine
- Shanghai Chest Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200030
- China
| | - Chengjun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronics Devices and Integrated Technology
- Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Jian Ye
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200030
- China
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139
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Pødenphant M, Ashley N, Koprowska K, Mir KU, Zalkovskij M, Bilenberg B, Bodmer W, Kristensen A, Marie R. Separation of cancer cells from white blood cells by pinched flow fractionation. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:4598-606. [PMID: 26510401 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc01014d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the microfluidic size-separation technique pinched flow fractionation (PFF) is used to separate cancer cells from white blood cells (WBCs). The cells are separated at efficiencies above 90% for both cell types. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are found in the blood of cancer patients and can form new tumors. CTCs are rare cells in blood, but they are important for the understanding of metastasis. There is therefore a high interest in developing a method for the enrichment of CTCs from blood samples, which also enables further analysis of the separated cells. The separation is challenged by the size overlap between cancer cells and the 10(6) times more abundant WBCs. The size overlap prevents high efficiency separation, however we demonstrate that cell deformability can be exploited in PFF devices to gain higher efficiencies than expected from the size distribution of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Pødenphant
- DTU Nanotech, Ørsteds Plads Building 345east, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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140
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Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) facilitate distant metastasis of malignancies by shielding circulating tumor cells (CTC) from immune surveillance. Med Hypotheses 2015; 87:34-9. [PMID: 26826638 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of distant metastasis of malignancies largely remain unknown. Circulating tumor cells (CTC) derived from the primary cancer initiate distant metastasis by entering and traversing the bloodstream. Current methods to detect CTC are based on the notion that CTC do not express the common leukocyte antigen CD45. However, these methods neglect the fact that CTC can directly adhere to platelets and immune cells and therefore appear to be CD45-positive. The potential effects of interactions between CTC and adhesive immune cells have been largely overlooked, despite the fact that most CTC are killed by immune effector cells and only those that evade immune surveillance result in clonal expansion and metastatic lesions. It is crucial to define the characteristics that allow a select CTC population to escape immune surveillance; particularly, it must be determined whether interactions between CTC and adhesive immune cells provide a protective effect on CTC survival. If interactions between CTC and adhesive immune cells offer a selective advantage to those CTC cells, the next consideration is which characteristics of a CTC-immune cell population allow sufficient protection to facilitate immune evasion. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are a large heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells that accumulate during cancer progression to induce extensively systemic and local immunosuppression, a phenomenon that has been demonstrated to facilitate cancer distant metastasis. We hypothesize, therefore, that CTC populations interacting with adhesive immune cells will have different biological behavior than CTC populations alone. Further, we hypothesize that CTC can create a defensive shield consisting of adhesive MDSC, which allows evasion of immune surveillance and therefore facilitates distant metastatic lesions. This possibility highlights the importance of direct interactions between CTC and adhesive immune cells and suggests the potential target that the CTC-MDSC cluster represents for prevention and treatment of distant metastasis of malignancies.
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141
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Green BJ, Saberi Safaei T, Mepham A, Labib M, Mohamadi RM, Kelley SO. Beyond the Capture of Circulating Tumor Cells: Next-Generation Devices and Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:1252-65. [PMID: 26643151 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201505100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, significant progress has been made towards the development of approaches that enable the capture of rare circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from the blood of cancer patients, a critical capability for noninvasive tumor profiling. These advances have leveraged new insights in materials chemistry and microfluidics and allowed the capture and enumeration of CTCs with unprecedented sensitivity. However, it has become increasingly clear that simply capturing and counting tumor cells launched into the bloodstream may not provide the information needed to advance our understanding of the biology of these rare cells, or to allow us to better exploit them in medicine. A variety of advances have now emerged demonstrating that more information can be extracted from CTCs with next-generation devices and materials featuring tailored physical and chemical properties. In this Minireview, the last ten years of work in this area will be discussed, with an emphasis on the groundbreaking work of the last five years, during which the focus has moved beyond the simple capture of CTCs and gravitated towards approaches that enable in-depth analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda J Green
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tina Saberi Safaei
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adam Mepham
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mahmoud Labib
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Reza M Mohamadi
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shana O Kelley
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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142
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Green BJ, Saberi Safaei T, Mepham A, Labib M, Mohamadi RM, Kelley SO. Profilierung zirkulierender Tumorzellen mit Apparaturen und Materialien der nächsten Generation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201505100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brenda J. Green
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Kanada
| | - Tina Saberi Safaei
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Kanada
| | - Adam Mepham
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Kanada
| | - Mahmoud Labib
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Kanada
| | - Reza M. Mohamadi
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Kanada
| | - Shana O. Kelley
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Kanada
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Kanada
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Kanada
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143
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Hofman VJ, Ilie M, Hofman PM. Detection and characterization of circulating tumor cells in lung cancer: Why and how? Cancer Cytopathol 2015; 124:380-7. [DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Véronique J. Hofman
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology; Pasteur Hospital; Nice France
- Hospital-Related Biobank (BB 0025-00033), Pasteur Hospital; Nice France
- “OncoAge” Hospital-University Federation, Pasteur Hospital; Nice France
- IRCAN, Inserm U1081/UMR CNRS 7284 Team 3, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis; Nice France
| | - Marius Ilie
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology; Pasteur Hospital; Nice France
- Hospital-Related Biobank (BB 0025-00033), Pasteur Hospital; Nice France
- “OncoAge” Hospital-University Federation, Pasteur Hospital; Nice France
- IRCAN, Inserm U1081/UMR CNRS 7284 Team 3, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis; Nice France
| | - Paul M. Hofman
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology; Pasteur Hospital; Nice France
- Hospital-Related Biobank (BB 0025-00033), Pasteur Hospital; Nice France
- “OncoAge” Hospital-University Federation, Pasteur Hospital; Nice France
- IRCAN, Inserm U1081/UMR CNRS 7284 Team 3, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis; Nice France
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144
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Nicolazzo C, Massimi I, Lotti LV, Vespa S, Raimondi C, Pulcinelli FM, Gradilone A, Gazzaniga P. Impact of chronic exposure to bevacizumab on EpCAM-based detection of circulating tumor cells. Chin J Cancer Res 2015; 27:491-6. [PMID: 26543336 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.1000-9604.2015.04.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are often undetected through the immunomagnetic epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)-based CellSearch(®) System in breast and colorectal cancer (CRC) patients treated with bevacizumab (BEV), where low CTC numbers have been reported even in patients with evidence of progression of disease. To date, the reasons for this discrepancy have not been clarified. This study was carried out to investigate the molecular and phenotypic changes in CRC cells after chronic exposure to BEV in vitro. METHODS The human CRC cell line WiDr was exposed to a clinically relevant dose of BEV for 3 months in vitro. The expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers and EpCAM isoforms was determined by western blotting and immunofluorescence. To evaluate the impact of EpCAM variant isoforms expression on CTC enumeration by CellSearch(®), untreated and treated colon cancer cells were spiked into 7.5 mL of blood from a healthy donor and enumerated by CellSearch(®). RESULTS Chronic exposure of CRC cell line to BEV induced decreased expression of EpCAM 40 kDa isoform and increased expression EpCAM 42 kDa isoform, together with a decreased expression of cytokeratins (CK), while no evidence of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in treated cells was observed. The recovery rate of cells through CellSearch(®) was gradually reduced in course of treatment with BEV, being 84%, 70% and 40% at 1, 2 and 3 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We hypothesize that BEV may prevent CellSearch(®) from capturing CTCs through altering EpCAM isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Nicolazzo
- 1 Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, 2 Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Isabella Massimi
- 1 Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, 2 Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Lavinia V Lotti
- 1 Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, 2 Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Simone Vespa
- 1 Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, 2 Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Cristina Raimondi
- 1 Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, 2 Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Fabio Maria Pulcinelli
- 1 Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, 2 Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Angela Gradilone
- 1 Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, 2 Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Paola Gazzaniga
- 1 Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, 2 Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
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145
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Hofman P. [Search for circulating tumor cells: Seriously, a real cancer screening tool?]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 40:335-7. [PMID: 26526763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmv.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Hofman
- Laboratoire de pathologie clinique et expérimentale, hôpital Pasteur, CHU de Nice, université de Nice - Sophia-Antipolis, 30, voie Romaine, CS 51069, 06001 Nice cedex 01, France; Biobanque (BB-0033-00025), hôpital Pasteur, 06001 Nice cedex 01, France.
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146
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Hardingham JE, Grover P, Winter M, Hewett PJ, Price TJ, Thierry B. Detection and Clinical Significance of Circulating Tumor Cells in Colorectal Cancer--20 Years of Progress. Mol Med 2015; 21 Suppl 1:S25-31. [PMID: 26605644 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2015.00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTC) may be defined as tumor- or metastasis-derived cells that are present in the bloodstream. The CTC pool in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients may include not only epithelial tumor cells, but also tumor cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumor stem cells. A significant number of patients diagnosed with early stage CRC subsequently relapse with recurrent or metastatic disease despite undergoing "curative" resection of their primary tumor. This suggests that an occult metastatic disease process was already underway, with viable tumor cells being shed from the primary tumor site, at least some of which have proliferative and metastatic potential and the ability to survive in the bloodstream. Such tumor cells are considered to be responsible for disease relapse in these patients. Their detection in peripheral blood at the time of diagnosis or after resection of the primary tumor may identify those early-stage patients who are at risk of developing recurrent or metastatic disease and who would benefit from adjuvant therapy. CTC may also be a useful adjunct to radiological assessment of tumor response to therapy. Over the last 20 years many approaches have been developed for the isolation and characterization of CTC. However, none of these methods can be considered the gold standard for detection of the entire pool of CTC. Recently our group has developed novel unbiased inertial microfluidics to enrich for CTC, followed by identification of CTC by imaging flow cytometry. Here, we provide a review of progress on CTC detection and clinical significance over the last 20 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Hardingham
- Molecular Oncology Group, Haematology-Oncology Department, Basil Hetzel Institute, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia.,Centre for Personalized Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Phulwinder Grover
- Department of Surgery, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia
| | - Marnie Winter
- Ian Wark Research Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia
| | - Peter J Hewett
- Department of Surgery, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia
| | - Timothy J Price
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia.,Medical Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia
| | - Benjamin Thierry
- Ian Wark Research Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia
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147
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Etayash H, Jiang K, Azmi S, Thundat T, Kaur K. Real-time Detection of Breast Cancer Cells Using Peptide-functionalized Microcantilever Arrays. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13967. [PMID: 26434765 PMCID: PMC4593050 DOI: 10.1038/srep13967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligand-directed targeting and capturing of cancer cells is a new approach for detecting circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Ligands such as antibodies have been successfully used for capturing cancer cells and an antibody based system (CellSearch(®)) is currently used clinically to enumerate CTCs. Here we report the use of a peptide moiety in conjunction with a microcantilever array system to selectively detect CTCs resulting from cancer, specifically breast cancer. A sensing microcantilever, functionalized with a breast cancer specific peptide 18-4 (WxEAAYQrFL), showed significant deflection on cancer cell (MCF7 and MDA-MB-231) binding compared to when exposed to noncancerous (MCF10A and HUVEC) cells. The peptide-functionalized microcantilever allowed efficient capture and detection of cancer cells in MCF7 spiked human blood samples emulating CTCs in human blood. A detection limit of 50-100 cancer cells mL(-1) from blood samples was achieved with a capture yield of 80% from spiked whole blood samples. The results emphasize the potential of peptide 18-4 as a novel peptide for capturing and detecting cancer cells in conjunction with nanomechanical cantilever platform. The reported peptide-based cantilever platform represents a new analytical approach that can lead to an alternative to the various detection platforms and can be leveraged to further study CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashem Etayash
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Keren Jiang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Sarfuddin Azmi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Thomas Thundat
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Kamaljit Kaur
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
- Chapman University School of Pharmacy (CUSP), Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Chapman University, Irvine, California, 92618-1908, USA
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148
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Antfolk M, Magnusson C, Augustsson P, Lilja H, Laurell T. Acoustofluidic, label-free separation and simultaneous concentration of rare tumor cells from white blood cells. Anal Chem 2015; 87:9322-8. [PMID: 26309066 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Enrichment of rare cells from peripheral blood has emerged as a means to enable noninvasive diagnostics and development of personalized drugs, commonly associated with a prerequisite to concentrate the enriched rare cell population prior to molecular analysis or culture. However, common concentration by centrifugation has important limitations when processing low cell numbers. Here, we report on an integrated acoustophoresis-based rare cell enrichment system combined with integrated concentration. Polystyrene 7 μm microparticles could be separated from 5 μm particles with a recovery of 99.3 ± 0.3% at a contamination of 0.1 ± 0.03%, with an overall 25.7 ± 1.7-fold concentration of the recovered 7 μm particles. At a flow rate of 100 μL/min, breast cancer cells (MCF7) spiked into red blood cell-lysed human blood were separated with an efficiency of 91.8 ± 1.0% with a contamination of 0.6 ± 0.1% from white blood cells with a 23.8 ± 1.3-fold concentration of cancer cells. The recovery of prostate cancer cells (DU145) spiked into whole blood was 84.1 ± 2.1% with 0.2 ± 0.04% contamination of white blood cells with a 9.6 ± 0.4-fold concentration of cancer cells. This simultaneous on-chip separation and concentration shows feasibility of future acoustofluidic systems for rapid label-free enrichment and molecular characterization of circulating tumor cells using peripheral venous blood in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antfolk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University , Ole Römers väg 3, 22363 Lund, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Magnusson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University , Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Per Augustsson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University , Ole Römers väg 3, 22363 Lund, Sweden.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hans Lilja
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University , Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Surgery (Urology), and Medicine (GU Oncology), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States.,Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford John Radcliffe Hospital , Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom.,Institute for Biosciences and Medical Technology, University of Tampere , Biokatu 10, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Thomas Laurell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University , Ole Römers väg 3, 22363 Lund, Sweden
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149
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Maremanda NG, Roy K, Kanwar RK, Shyamsundar V, Ramshankar V, Krishnamurthy A, Krishnakumar S, Kanwar JR. Quick chip assay using locked nucleic acid modified epithelial cell adhesion molecule and nucleolin aptamers for the capture of circulating tumor cells. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2015; 9:054110. [PMID: 26487896 PMCID: PMC4592436 DOI: 10.1063/1.4930983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The role of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in disease diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring of the therapeutic efficacy, and clinical decision making is immense and has attracted tremendous focus in the last decade. We designed and fabricated simple, flat channel microfluidic devices polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS based) functionalized with locked nucleic acid (LNA) modified aptamers (targeting epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and nucleolin expression) for quick and efficient capture of CTCs and cancer cells. With optimized flow rates (10 μl/min), it was revealed that the aptamer modified devices offered reusability for up to six times while retaining optimal capture efficiency (>90%) and specificity. High capture sensitivity (92%) and specificity (100%) was observed in whole blood samples spiked with Caco-2 cells (10-100 cells/ml). Analysis of blood samples obtained from 25 head and neck cancer patients on the EpCAM LNA aptamer functionalized chip revealed that an average count of 5 ± 3 CTCs/ml of blood were captured from 22/25 samples (88%). EpCAM intracellular domain (EpICD) immunohistochemistry on 9 oral squamous cell carcinomas showed the EpICD positivity in the tumor cells, confirming the EpCAM expression in CTCs from head and neck cancers. These microfluidic devices also maintained viability for in vitro culture and characterization. Use of LNA modified aptamers provided added benefits in terms of cost effectiveness due to increased reusability and sustainability of the devices. Our results present a robust, quick, and efficient CTC capture platform with the use of simple PDMS based devices that are easy to fabricate at low cost and have an immense potential in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic planning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kislay Roy
- Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research (NLIMBR), School of Medicine (SoM), Centre for Molecular and Medical Research (C-MMR), Faculty of Health, Deakin University , Geelong, Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia
| | - Rupinder K Kanwar
- Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research (NLIMBR), School of Medicine (SoM), Centre for Molecular and Medical Research (C-MMR), Faculty of Health, Deakin University , Geelong, Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia
| | | | - Vijayalakshmi Ramshankar
- Department of Preventive Oncology, (Research Division) Cancer Institute (WIA) , Adyar, Chennai 600 020, India
| | - Arvind Krishnamurthy
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA) , Adyar, Chennai 600 020, India
| | | | - Jagat R Kanwar
- Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research (NLIMBR), School of Medicine (SoM), Centre for Molecular and Medical Research (C-MMR), Faculty of Health, Deakin University , Geelong, Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia
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Liu Y, Zhu F, Dan W, Fu Y, Liu S. Construction of carbon nanotube based nanoarchitectures for selective impedimetric detection of cancer cells in whole blood. Analyst 2015; 139:5086-92. [PMID: 25110907 DOI: 10.1039/c4an00758a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A carbon nanotube (CNT) based nanoarchitecture is developed for rapid, sensitive and specific detection of cancer cells by using real time electrical impedance sensing. The sensor is constructed with carbon nanotube (CNT) multilayers and EpCAM (epithelial cell adhesion molecule) antibodies, which are assembled on an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode surface. The binding of tumor cells to EpCAM antibodies causes increase of the electron-transfer resistance. The electrochemical impedance of the prepared biosensors is linear with the logarithm of concentration of the liver cancer cell line (HepG2) within the concentration range of 10 to 10(5) cells per mL. The detection limit for HepG2 cells is 5 cells per mL. The proposed impedimetric sensing devices allow for sensitive and specific detection of cancer cells in whole-blood samples without any sample pretreatment steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China.
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