101
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Mazzanti S, Savateev A. Emerging Concepts in Carbon Nitride Organic Photocatalysis. Chempluschem 2020; 85:2499-2517. [PMID: 33215877 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nitrides encompass a class of transition-metal-free materials possessing numerous advantages such as low cost (few Euros per gram), high chemical stability, broad tunability of redox potentials and optical bandgap, recyclability, and a high absorption coefficient (>105 cm-1 ), which make them highly attractive for application in photoredox catalysis. In this Review, we classify carbon nitrides based on their unique properties, structure, and redox potentials. We summarize recently emerging concepts in heterogeneous carbon nitride photocatalysis, with an emphasis on the synthesis of organic compounds: 1) Illumination-Driven Electron Accumulation in Semiconductors and Exploitation (IDEASE); 2) singlet-triplet intersystem crossing in carbon nitride excited states and related energy transfer; 3) architectures of flow photoreactors; and 4) dual metal/carbon nitride photocatalysis. The objective of this Review is to provide a detailed overview regarding innovative research in carbon nitride photocatalysis focusing on these topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mazzanti
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Research Campus Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Aleksandr Savateev
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Research Campus Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
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102
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Hirata G, Shimada T, Nishikata T. Organo-photoredox-Catalyzed Atom-Transfer Radical Substitution of Alkenes with α-Carbonyl Alkyl Halides. Org Lett 2020; 22:8952-8956. [PMID: 33146532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A light-driven atom-transfer radical substitution (ATRS) and carboesterification reaction of alkenes with alkyl halides has been developed using PTH as the organo-photoredox catalyst. Two types of products were obtained, depending on the additive and solvent used during the reaction. Primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl halides reacted to give the ATRS products. This protocol has several advantages: it requires mild reaction conditions and a low catalyst loading and exhibits a broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. Mechanistic studies indicate that alkyl radicals might be generated as the key intermediates via photocatalysis, providing a new direction for ATRS reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goki Hirata
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan
| | - Taisei Shimada
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishikata
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan
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103
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Papadopoulos GN, Kokotou MG, Spiliopoulou N, Nikitas NF, Voutyritsa E, Tzaras DI, Kaplaneris N, Kokotos CG. Phenylglyoxylic Acid: An Efficient Initiator for the Photochemical Hydrogen Atom Transfer C-H Functionalization of Heterocycles. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:5934-5944. [PMID: 32833347 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
C-H functionalization at the α-position of heterocycles has become a rapidly growing area of research. Herein, a cheap and efficient photochemical method was developed for the C-H functionalization of heterocycles. Phenylglyoxylic acid (PhCOCOOH) could behave as an alternative to metal-based catalysts and organic dyes and provided a very general and wide array of photochemical C-H alkylation, alkenylation, and alkynylation, as well as C-N bond forming reaction methodologies. This novel, mild, and metal-free protocol was successfully employed in the functionalization of a wide range of C-H bonds, utilizing not only O- or N-heterocycles, but also the less studied S-heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgos N Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Maroula G Kokotou
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikoleta Spiliopoulou
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos F Nikitas
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Errika Voutyritsa
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios I Tzaras
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kaplaneris
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Christoforos G Kokotos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771, Athens, Greece
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104
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Hong YH, Lee YM, Nam W, Fukuzumi S. Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution from Plastoquinol Analogues as a Potential Functional Model of Photosystem I. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:14838-14846. [PMID: 33023288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The recent development of a functional model of photosystem II (PSII) has paved a new way to connect the PSII model with a functional model of photosystem I (PSI). However, PSI functional models have yet to be reported. We report herein the first potential functional model of PSI, in which plastoquinol (PQH2) analogues were oxidized to plastoquinone (PQ) analogues, accompanied by hydrogen (H2) evolution. Photoirradiation of a deaerated acetonitrile (MeCN) solution containing hydroquinone derivatives (X-QH2) as a hydrogen source, 9-mesityl-10-methylacridinium ion (Acr+-Mes) as a photoredox catalyst, and a cobalt(III) complex, CoIII(dmgH)2pyCl (dmgH = dimethylglyoximate monoanion; py = pyridine) as a redox catalyst resulted in the evolution of H2 and formation of the corresponding p-benzoquinone derivatives (X-Q) quantitatively. The maximum quantum yield for photocatalytic H2 evolution from tetrachlorohydroquinone (Cl4QH2) with Acr+-Mes and CoIII(dmgH)2pyCl and H2O in deaerated MeCN was determined to be 10%. Photocatalytic H2 evolution is started by electron transfer (ET) from Cl4QH2 to the triplet ET state of Acr+-Mes to produce Cl4QH2•+ and Acr•-Mes with a rate constant of 7.2 × 107 M-1 s-1, followed by ET from Acr•-Mes to CoIII(dmgH)2pyCl to produce [CoII(dmgH)2pyCl]-, accompanied by the regeneration of Acr+-Mes. On the other hand, Cl4QH2•+ is deprotonated to produce Cl4QH•, which transfers either a hydrogen-atom transfer or a proton-coupled electron transfer to [CoII(dmgH)2pyCl]- to produce a cobalt(III) hydride complex, [CoIII(H)(dmgH)2pyCl]-, which reacts with H+ to evolve H2, accompanied by the regeneration of CoIII(dmgH)2pyCl. The formation of [CoII(dmgH)2pyCl]- was detected by electron paramagnetic resonance measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hyun Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yong-Min Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Wonwoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi 468-0073, Japan
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105
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Li Y, Wang H, Li X. Over one century after discovery: pyrylium salt chemistry emerging as a powerful approach for the construction of complex macrocycles and metallo-supramolecules. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12249-12268. [PMID: 34123226 PMCID: PMC8163312 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04585c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Over one century after its discovery, pyrylium salt chemistry has been extensively applied in preparing light emitters, photocatalysts, and sensitizers. In most of these studies, pyrylium salts acted as versatile precursors for the preparation of small molecules (such as furan, pyridines, phosphines, pyridinium salts, thiopyryliums and betaine dyes) and poly(pyridinium salt)s. In recent decades, pyrylium salt chemistry has emerged as a powerful approach for constructing complex macrocycles and metallo-supramolecules. In this perspective, we attempt to summarize the representative efforts of synthesizing and self-assembling large, complex architectures using pyrylium salt chemistry. We believe that this perspective not only highlights the recent achievements in pyrylium salt chemistry, but also inspires us to revisit this chemistry to design and construct macrocycles and metallo-supramolecules with increasing complexity and desired function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518055 China
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida Tampa Florida 33620 USA
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518055 China
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106
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Voutyritsa E, Garreau M, Kokotou MG, Triandafillidi I, Waser J, Kokotos CG. Photochemical Functionalization of Heterocycles with EBX Reagents: C−H Alkynylation versus Deconstructive Ring Cleavage**. Chemistry 2020; 26:14453-14460. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Errika Voutyritsa
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Department of Chemistry National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Panepistimiopolis 15771 Athens Greece
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Marion Garreau
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Maroula G. Kokotou
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Department of Chemistry National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Panepistimiopolis 15771 Athens Greece
| | - Ierasia Triandafillidi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Department of Chemistry National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Panepistimiopolis 15771 Athens Greece
| | - Jérôme Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Christoforos G. Kokotos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Department of Chemistry National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Panepistimiopolis 15771 Athens Greece
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107
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Lyu J, Claraz A, Vitale MR, Allain C, Masson G. Preparation of Chiral Photosensitive Organocatalysts and Their Application for the Enantioselective Synthesis of 1,2-Diamines. J Org Chem 2020; 85:12843-12855. [PMID: 32957790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chiral phosphoric acid based organocatalysis and visible-light photocatalysis have both emerged as promising technologies for the sustainable production of fine chemicals. In this context, we have envisioned the design and the synthesis of a new class of chimeric catalytic entities that would feature both catalytic capabilities. Given their multitask nature, such catalysts would be particularly attractive for the development of new catalytic transformations, tandem processes in particular. Toward this goal, several BINOL-based chiral phosphoric acid backbones presenting one or two visible-light-sensitive thioxanthone moieties have been prepared and studied. The utility of these new photoactive chiral organocatalysts is then demonstrated in the enantioselective tandem three-component electrophilic amination of enecarbamates. Of note, the C1-symmetric organo/photocatalyst has shown a better catalytic activity than those presenting a C2 symmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyuan Lyu
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université Paris Saclay, CNRS, UPR2301, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198 Cedex, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, PPSM, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Aurélie Claraz
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université Paris Saclay, CNRS, UPR2301, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198 Cedex, France
| | - Maxime R Vitale
- Laboratoire des biomolécules, LBM, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Clémence Allain
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, PPSM, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Géraldine Masson
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université Paris Saclay, CNRS, UPR2301, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198 Cedex, France
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108
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Yuan Z, Liao J, Jiang H, Cao P, Li Y. Aldehyde catalysis - from simple aldehydes to artificial enzymes. RSC Adv 2020; 10:35433-35448. [PMID: 35515689 PMCID: PMC9056934 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06651f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemists have been learning and mimicking enzymatic catalysis in various aspects of organic synthesis. One of the major goals is to develop versatile catalysts that inherit the high catalytic efficiency of enzymatic processes, while being effective for a broad scope of substrates. In this field, the study of aldehyde catalysts has achieved significant progress. This review summarizes the application of aldehydes as sustainable and effective catalysts in different reactions. The fields, in which the aldehydes successfully mimic enzymatic systems, include light energy absorption/transfer, intramolecularity introduction through tether formation, metal binding for activation/orientation and substrate activation via aldimine formation. Enantioselective aldehyde catalysis has been achieved with the development of chiral aldehyde catalysts. Direct simplification of aldehyde-dependent enzymes has also been investigated for the synthesis of noncanonical chiral amino acids. Further development in aldehyde catalysis is expected, which might also promote exploration in fields related to prebiotic chemistry, early enzyme evolution, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeqin Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University Chengdu 610068 China
| | - Jun Liao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University Chengdu 610068 China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Undisclosed Pharmaceutical Company Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Peng Cao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University Chengdu 610068 China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University Chengdu 610068 China
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109
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Matsumoto K, Nakajima M, Nemoto T. Visible Light-Induced Direct S 0 → T n Transition of Benzophenone Promotes C(sp 3)-H Alkynylation of Ethers and Amides. J Org Chem 2020; 85:11802-11811. [PMID: 32814421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Benzophenone has an S0 → S1 absorption band at 365 nm. However, the rarely reported S0 → Tn transition occurs upon irradiation at longer wavelengths. Herein, we employed benzophenone as a catalyst and exploited its S0 → Tn transition in C(sp3)-H alkynylations with hypervalent iodine reagents. The selective benzophenone excitation prevented alkynylating reagent decomposition, enabling the reaction to proceed under mild conditions. The reaction mechanism was investigated by spectroscopic and computational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakajima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Nemoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
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110
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Pramanik M, Choudhuri K, Mathuri A, Mal P. Dithioacetalization or thioetherification of benzyl alcohols using 9-mesityl-10-methylacridinium perchlorate photocatalyst. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:10211-10214. [PMID: 32748901 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02352c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We report herein the use of 9-mesityl-10-methylacridinium perchlorate as the visible-light photocatalyst for dithioacetalization or thioetherification of benzyl alcohols in one pot using aerial dioxygen as a terminal oxidant. EPR analysis and Stern-Volmer quenching studies helped to rationalize the single electron transfer (SET) mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Pramanik
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar, PO Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, District Khurda, Odisha 752050, India.
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111
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Yakubov S, Barham JP. Photosensitized direct C-H fluorination and trifluoromethylation in organic synthesis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:2151-2192. [PMID: 32952732 PMCID: PMC7476599 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of fluorinated products in pharmaceutical and medicinal chemistry has necessitated the development of synthetic fluorination methods, of which direct C-H fluorination is among the most powerful. Despite the challenges and limitations associated with the direct fluorination of unactivated C-H bonds, appreciable advancements in manipulating the selectivity and reactivity have been made, especially via transition metal catalysis and photochemistry. Where transition metal catalysis provides one strategy for C-H bond activation, transition-metal-free photochemical C-H fluorination can provide a complementary selectivity via a radical mechanism that proceeds under milder conditions than thermal radical activation methods. One exciting development in C-F bond formation is the use of small-molecule photosensitizers, allowing the reactions i) to proceed under mild conditions, ii) to be user-friendly, iii) to be cost-effective and iv) to be more amenable to scalability than typical photoredox-catalyzed methods. In this review, we highlight photosensitized C-H fluorination as a recent strategy for the direct and remote activation of C-H (especially C(sp3)-H) bonds. To guide the readers, we present the developing mechanistic understandings of these reactions and exemplify concepts to assist the future planning of reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahboz Yakubov
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Joshua P Barham
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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112
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Capaldo L, Ertl M, Fagnoni M, Knör G, Ravelli D. Antimony-Oxo Porphyrins as Photocatalysts for Redox-Neutral C-H to C-C Bond Conversion. ACS Catal 2020; 10:9057-9064. [PMID: 33815891 PMCID: PMC8009479 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of high-valent antimony-oxo porphyrins as visible-light photocatalysts operating via direct hydrogen atom transfer has been demonstrated. Computational analysis indicates that the triplet excited state of these complexes shows an oxyl radical behavior, while the SbV center remains in a high-valent oxidation state, serving uniquely to carry the oxo moiety and activate the coordinated ligands. This porphyrin-based system has been exploited upon irradiation to catalyze C-H to C-C bond conversion via the addition of hydrogen donors (ethers and aldehydes) onto Michael acceptors in a redox-neutral fashion without the need of any external oxidant. Laser flash photolysis experiments confirmed that the triplet excited state of the photocatalyst triggers the desired C-H cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Capaldo
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Martin Ertl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz (JKU), Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Günther Knör
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz (JKU), Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Davide Ravelli
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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113
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Tang L, Wang ZL, Wan HL, He YH, Guan Z. Visible-Light-Induced Beckmann Rearrangement by Organic Photoredox Catalysis. Org Lett 2020; 22:6182-6186. [PMID: 32790434 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A facile and general strategy for efficient direct conversion of oximes to amides using an inexpensive organic photocatalyst and visible light is described. This radical Beckmann rearrangement can be performed under mild conditions. Various alkyl aryl ketoximes and diaryl ketoximes can be effectively converted into the corresponding amides in excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhi-Lv Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hai-Lan Wan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yan-Hong He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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114
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Avila-Ortiz CG, Juaristi E. Novel Methodologies for Chemical Activation in Organic Synthesis under Solvent-Free Reaction Conditions. Molecules 2020; 25:E3579. [PMID: 32781678 PMCID: PMC7464687 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One central challenge for XXI century chemists is the development of sustainable processes that do not represent a risk either to humanity or to the environment. In this regard, the search for more efficient and clean alternatives to achieve the chemical activation of molecules involved in chemical transformations has played a prominent role in recent years. The use of microwave or UV-Vis light irradiation, and mechanochemical activation is already widespread in many laboratories. Nevertheless, an additional condition to achieve "green" processes comes from the point of view of so-called atom economy. The removal of solvents from chemical reactions generally leads to cleaner, more efficient and more economical processes. This review presents several illustrative applications of the use of sustainable protocols in the synthesis of organic compounds under solvent-free reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Gabriela Avila-Ortiz
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Av. IPN 2508, 07360 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Eusebio Juaristi
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Av. IPN 2508, 07360 Ciudad de México, Mexico
- El Colegio Nacional, Donceles 104, Centro Histórico, 06020 Ciudad de México, Mexico
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115
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Behm K, Fazekas E, Paterson MJ, Vilela F, McIntosh RD. Discrete Ti-O-Ti Complexes: Visible-Light-Activated, Homogeneous Alternative to TiO 2 Photosensitisers. Chemistry 2020; 26:9486-9494. [PMID: 32428304 PMCID: PMC7496837 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel bimetallic TiIV amine bis(phenolate) complexes was synthesised and fully characterised. X-ray crystallography studies revealed distorted octahedral geometries around the Ti centres with single or double oxo-bridges connecting the two metals. These robust, air- and moisture-stable complexes were employed as photosensitisers generating singlet oxygen following irradiation with visible light (420 nm) LED module in a commercial flow reactor. All five complexes showed high activity in the photo-oxygenation of α-terpinene and achieved complete conversion to ascaridole in four hours at ambient temperature. The excellent selectivity of these photosensitisers towards ascaridole (vs. transformation to p-cymene) was demonstrated with control experiments using a traditional TiO2 catalyst. Further comparative studies employing the free pro-ligands as well as a monometallic analogue highlighted the importance of the 'TiO2 -like' moiety in the polymetallic catalysts. Computational studies were used to determine the nature of the ligand to metal charge transfer (LMCT) states and singlet-triplet gaps for each complex, the calculated trends in the UV-vis absorption spectra across the series agreed well with the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Behm
- Institute of Chemical SciencesHeriot-Watt UniversityEdinburghEH14 4ASUK
| | - Eszter Fazekas
- Institute of Chemical SciencesHeriot-Watt UniversityEdinburghEH14 4ASUK
| | | | - Filipe Vilela
- Institute of Chemical SciencesHeriot-Watt UniversityEdinburghEH14 4ASUK
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116
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Matsuo K, Yamaguchi E, Itoh A. In Situ-Generated Halogen-Bonding Complex Enables Atom Transfer Radical Addition (ATRA) Reactions of Olefins. J Org Chem 2020; 85:10574-10583. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Matsuo
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Eiji Yamaguchi
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Akichika Itoh
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
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117
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Wang L, Wang T, Cheng GJ, Li X, Wei JJ, Guo B, Zheng C, Chen G, Ran C, Zheng C. Direct C–H Arylation of Aldehydes by Merging Photocatalyzed Hydrogen Atom Transfer with Palladium Catalysis. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resources Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
- Center of Cyclotron and PET Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 613 West Huangpu Road, Tianhe
District, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, School of Science and Engineering, School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, PR China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Gui-Juan Cheng
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, School of Science and Engineering, School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, PR China
| | - Xiaobao Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resources Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wei
- Center of Cyclotron and PET Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 613 West Huangpu Road, Tianhe
District, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Bin Guo
- Center of Cyclotron and PET Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 613 West Huangpu Road, Tianhe
District, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Caijuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resources Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Guangying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resources Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Chongzhao Ran
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston 02129, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Chao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resources Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston 02129, Massachusetts, United States
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118
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Krištofíková D, Modrocká V, Mečiarová M, Šebesta R. Green Asymmetric Organocatalysis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:2828-2858. [PMID: 32141177 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric organocatalysis is becoming one of the main tools for the synthesis of chiral compounds that are needed as medicines, crop protection agents, and other bioactive molecules. It can be effectively combined with various green chemistry methodologies. Intensification techniques, such as ball milling, flow, high pressure, or light, bring not only higher yields, faster reactions, and easier product isolation, but also new reactivities. More sustainable reaction media, such as ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, green solvent alternatives, and water, also considerably enhance the sustainability profile of many organocatalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Krištofíková
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska dolina, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Viktória Modrocká
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska dolina, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mária Mečiarová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska dolina, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Radovan Šebesta
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska dolina, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
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119
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Amos SGE, Garreau M, Buzzetti L, Waser J. Photocatalysis with organic dyes: facile access to reactive intermediates for synthesis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:1163-1187. [PMID: 32550931 PMCID: PMC7277890 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic dyes have emerged as a reliable class of photoredox catalysts. Their great structural variety combined with the easy fine-tuning of their electronic properties has unlocked new possibilities for the generation of reactive intermediates. In this review, we provide an overview of the available approaches to access reactive intermediates that employ organophotocatalysis. Our contribution is not a comprehensive description of the work in the area but rather focuses on key concepts, accompanied by a few selected illustrative examples. The review is organized along the type of reactive intermediates formed in the reaction, including C(sp3) and C(sp 2 ) carbon-, nitrogen-, oxygen-, and sulfur-centered radicals, open-shell charged species, and sensitized organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie G E Amos
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 4306 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marion Garreau
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 4306 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luca Buzzetti
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 4306 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jerome Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 4306 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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120
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Guo R, Zuo M, Tian Q, Hou C, Sun S, Guo W, Wu H, Chu W, Sun Z. Visible Light‐Induced Decarboxylative Alkylation of Heterocyclic Aromatics with Carboxylic Acids via Anthocyanin as a Photocatalyst. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:1976-1981. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process & Technology for High-efficiency ConversionHeilongjiang University Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Minghui Zuo
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process & Technology for High-efficiency ConversionHeilongjiang University Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Qinye Tian
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process & Technology for High-efficiency ConversionHeilongjiang University Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Chuanfu Hou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process & Technology for High-efficiency ConversionHeilongjiang University Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Shouneng Sun
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process & Technology for High-efficiency ConversionHeilongjiang University Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Weihao Guo
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process & Technology for High-efficiency ConversionHeilongjiang University Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Hongfeng Wu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process & Technology for High-efficiency ConversionHeilongjiang University Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Wenyi Chu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process & Technology for High-efficiency ConversionHeilongjiang University Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Zhizhong Sun
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process & Technology for High-efficiency ConversionHeilongjiang University Harbin 150080 P. R. China
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121
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Liu YC, Reddy DM, Chen XA, Shieh YC, Lee CF. Blue LED-Promoted Oxathiacetalization of Aldehydes and Ketones. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- You-Chen Liu
- Department of Chemistry; National Chung Hsing University; 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist. 402 Taichung City Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Daggula Mallikarjuna Reddy
- Department of Chemistry; National Chung Hsing University; 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist. 402 Taichung City Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Xin-An Chen
- Department of Chemistry; National Chung Hsing University; 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist. 402 Taichung City Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Yi-Chen Shieh
- Department of Chemistry; National Chung Hsing University; 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist. 402 Taichung City Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Chin-Fa Lee
- Department of Chemistry; National Chung Hsing University; 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist. 402 Taichung City Taiwan R.O.C
- Research Center for Sustainable Energy and Nanotechnology (RCSEN); Taichung Taiwan R.O.C
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture (IDCSA); Taichung Taiwan R.O.C
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122
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Theodoropoulou MA, Nikitas NF, Kokotos CG. Aldehydes as powerful initiators for photochemical transformations. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:833-857. [PMID: 32395186 PMCID: PMC7188926 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Photochemistry, the use of light to promote organic transformations, has been known for more than a century but only recently has revolutionized the way modern chemists are thinking. Except from transition metal-based complexes, small organic molecules have been introduced as catalysts or initiators. In this review, we summarize the potential that (aromatic or aliphatic) aldehydes have as photoinitiators. The photophysical properties and photoreactivity of benzaldehyde are initially provided, followed by applications of aldehydes as initiators for polymerization reactions. Finally, the applications to date regarding aldehydes as photoinitiators in organic synthesis are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Theodoropoulou
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 15784, Greece
| | - Nikolaos F Nikitas
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 15784, Greece
| | - Christoforos G Kokotos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 15784, Greece
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123
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van Vliet KM, van Leeuwen NS, Brouwer AM, de Bruin B. Visible-light-induced addition of carboxymethanide to styrene from monochloroacetic acid. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:398-408. [PMID: 32273903 PMCID: PMC7113555 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Where monochloroacetic acid is widely used as a starting material for the synthesis of relevant groups of compounds, many of these synthetic procedures are based on nucleophilic substitution of the carbon chlorine bond. Oxidative or reductive activation of monochloroacetic acid results in radical intermediates, leading to reactivity different from the traditional reactivity of this compound. Here, we investigated the possibility of applying monochloroacetic acid as a substrate for photoredox catalysis with styrene to directly produce γ-phenyl-γ-butyrolactone. Instead of using nucleophilic substitution, we cleaved the carbon chlorine bond by single-electron reduction, creating a radical species. We observed that the reaction works best in nonpolar solvents. The reaction does not go to full conversion, but selectively forms γ-phenyl-γ-butyrolactone and 4-chloro-4-phenylbutanoic acid. Over time the catalyst precipitates from solution (perhaps in a decomposed form in case of fac-[Ir(ppy)3]), which was proven by mass spectrometry and EPR spectroscopy for one of the catalysts (N,N-5,10-di(2-naphthalene)-5,10-dihydrophenazine) used in this work. The generation of HCl resulting from lactone formation could be an additional problem for organometallic photoredox catalysts used in this reaction. In an attempt to trap one of the radical intermediates with TEMPO, we observed a compound indicating the generation of a chloromethyl radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaj M van Vliet
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nicole S van Leeuwen
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Albert M Brouwer
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
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124
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125
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Capaldo L, Ravelli D. The Dark Side of Photocatalysis: One Thousand Ways to Close the Cycle. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Capaldo
- PhotoGreen Lab; Department of Chemistry; University of Pavia; viale Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Davide Ravelli
- PhotoGreen Lab; Department of Chemistry; University of Pavia; viale Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy
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126
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Rahimi Niaraki A, Saraee MR, Kazemi F, Kaboudin B. Chemoselective photocatalytic oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones by nitromethane on titanium dioxide under violet 400 nm LED light irradiation. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:2326-2330. [PMID: 32159190 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02183c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, for the first time, nitroalkanes, especially nitromethane, have been used as electron acceptors for the highly chemoselective oxidation of alcohols in the presence of a TiO2 photocatalyst under 400 nm LED irradiation. The reactions showed excellent selectivity for the production of aldehydes. Interestingly, aldehydes such as benzaldehyde and p-methoxybenzaldehyde are stable under the reaction conditions. In the case of the use of 2-nitropropane and 2-methyl-2-nitropropane, the product imine, which is the result of the reaction of the aldehyde with aliphatic amine, is also obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Rahimi Niaraki
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Gava Zang, Zanjan, 45137-66731, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Saraee
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Gava Zang, Zanjan, 45137-66731, Iran.
| | - Foad Kazemi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Gava Zang, Zanjan, 45137-66731, Iran. and Center for Climate and Global Warming (CCGW), Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Gava Zang, Zanjan, 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Babak Kaboudin
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Gava Zang, Zanjan, 45137-66731, Iran.
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127
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Synthesis, optical, and thermal properties of 2,4,6-tris(4-substituted phenyl)pyrylium tosylates and triflimides. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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128
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Stanek F, Pawlowski R, Morawska P, Bujok R, Stodulski M. Dehydrogenation and α-functionalization of secondary amines by visible-light-mediated catalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:2103-2112. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02699a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A visible-light-mediated process for dehydrogenation of amines has been described. The given protocol showed a broad substrate scope, mild reaction conditions and excellent results without the requirement of tedious purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Stanek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Robert Pawlowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
| | | | - Robert Bujok
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Maciej Stodulski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
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129
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Voutyritsa E, Kokotos CG. Green Metal‐Free Photochemical Hydroacylation of Unactivated Olefins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Errika Voutyritsa
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Department of Chemistry National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Panepistimiopolis 15771 Athens Greece
| | - Christoforos G. Kokotos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Department of Chemistry National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Panepistimiopolis 15771 Athens Greece
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130
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Voutyritsa E, Kokotos CG. Green Metal‐Free Photochemical Hydroacylation of Unactivated Olefins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:1735-1741. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Errika Voutyritsa
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Department of Chemistry National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Panepistimiopolis 15771 Athens Greece
| | - Christoforos G. Kokotos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Department of Chemistry National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Panepistimiopolis 15771 Athens Greece
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131
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Le T, Courant T, Merad J, Allain C, Audebert P, Masson G. s-Tetrazine Dyes: A Facile Generation of Photoredox Organocatalysts for Routine Oxidations. J Org Chem 2019; 84:16139-16146. [PMID: 31718179 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A series of organic dyes derived from s-tetrazine have been synthesized, and their photophysical and electrochemical properties are systematically investigated. Testing these compounds as photoredox catalysts in a model oxidative C-S bond cleavage of thioethers has led us to identify new classes of active s-tetrazines. Moreover, some of them can be formed in situ from commercially available 3,6-dichlorotetrazine, making this photocatalyzed C-S bond functionalization simple and highly practical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Le
- PPSM, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay , 94235 Cachan , France
| | - Thibaut Courant
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 1, av. de la Terrasse , 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex , France
| | - Jérémy Merad
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 1, av. de la Terrasse , 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex , France
| | - Clémence Allain
- PPSM, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay , 94235 Cachan , France
| | - Pierre Audebert
- PPSM, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay , 94235 Cachan , France
| | - Géraldine Masson
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 1, av. de la Terrasse , 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex , France
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132
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Desage‐El Murr M. Nature is the Cure: Engineering Natural Redox Cofactors for Biomimetic and Bioinspired Catalysis. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marine Desage‐El Murr
- Institut de Chimie UMR 7177Université de Strasbourg 1 rue Blaise Pascal Strasbourg 67000 France
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133
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Cullen STJ, Friestad GK. Alkyl Radical Addition to Aliphatic and Aromatic N-Acylhydrazones Using an Organic Photoredox Catalyst. Org Lett 2019; 21:8290-8294. [PMID: 31560554 PMCID: PMC6900872 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Increased versatility of intermolecular radical addition to imino acceptors via photoredox catalysis is reported. Primary and secondary radicals, generated via visible-light photocatalysis from alkyl biscatecholatosilicates with organocatalyst 4CzIPN, add successfully to both aromatic and aliphatic N-acylhydrazones in the presence of MgCl2. With N-benzoylhydrazones, a simple reductive cleavage of the N-N bond of the hydrazine adduct furnishes the free amine. Synthetic utility is exemplified in a synthetic application toward repaglinide, a clinically important hypoglycemic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T. J. Cullen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Gregory K. Friestad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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134
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Savateev A, Antonietti M. Ionic Carbon Nitrides in Solar Hydrogen Production and Organic Synthesis: Exciting Chemistry and Economic Advantages. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Savateev
- Department of Colloid ChemistryMax-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Potsdam-Golm Science Park Am Mühlenberg 1 OT Golm Postdam 14476 Germany
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Department of Colloid ChemistryMax-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Potsdam-Golm Science Park Am Mühlenberg 1 OT Golm Postdam 14476 Germany
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135
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Zeng F, Sun K, Chen X, Yuan X, He S, Liu Y, Peng Y, Qu L, Lv Q, Yu B. Metal‐Free Visible‐Light Promoted Radical Cyclization to Access Perfluoroalkyl‐Substituted Benzimidazo[2,1‐
a
]isoquinolin‐6(5
H
)‐ones and Indolo[2,1‐
a
]isoquinolin‐6(5
H
)‐ones. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fan‐Lin Zeng
- College of Chemistry, School of Life SciencesZhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Sun
- College of Chemistry, School of Life SciencesZhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao‐Lan Chen
- College of Chemistry, School of Life SciencesZhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao‐Ya Yuan
- College of Chemistry, School of Life SciencesZhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai‐Qi He
- College of Chemistry, School of Life SciencesZhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Chemistry, School of Life SciencesZhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 People's Republic of China
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical EngineeringXinyang Agriculture & Forestry University Xinyang 464000 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu‐Yu Peng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and TransportationChangsha University of Science and Technology Changsha 410114 People's Republic of China
| | - Ling‐Bo Qu
- College of Chemistry, School of Life SciencesZhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 People's Republic of China
| | - Qi‐Yan Lv
- College of Chemistry, School of Life SciencesZhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Yu
- College of Chemistry, School of Life SciencesZhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 People's Republic of China
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136
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Forschner R, Knelles J, Bader K, Müller C, Frey W, Köhn A, Molard Y, Giesselmann F, Laschat S. Flavylium Salts: A Blooming Core for Bioinspired Ionic Liquid Crystals. Chemistry 2019; 25:12966-12980. [PMID: 31418972 PMCID: PMC6856849 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thermotropic ionic liquid crystals based on the flavylium scaffold have been synthesized and studied for their structure-properties relationship for the first time. The mesogens were probed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarizing optical microscopy (POM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Low numbers of alkoxy side chains resulted in smectic (SmA) and lamello-columnar (LamCol ) phases, whereas higher substituted flavylium salts showed Colro as well as ordered and disordered columnar (Colho , Colhd ) mesophases. Mesophase width ranged from 13 K to 220 K, giving access to room temperature liquid crystals. The optical properties of the synthesized compounds were probed towards absorption and emission properties. Strong absorption with maxima between 444 and 507 nm was observed, and some chromophores were highly emissive with quantum yields up to 99 %. Ultimately, mesogenic and dye properties were examined by temperature-dependent emissive experiments in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Forschner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwalding 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jakob Knelles
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwalding 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Korinna Bader
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwalding 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Carsten Müller
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwalding 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwalding 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Köhn
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Yann Molard
- CNRS, ISCR-UMR6226, ScanMAT-UMS 2001, University Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Frank Giesselmann
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwalding 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwalding 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
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137
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Sideri IK, Voutyritsa E, Kokotos CG. Photochemical Hydroacylation of Michael Acceptors Utilizing an Aldehyde as Photoinitiator. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:4194-4201. [PMID: 31353792 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201901725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The hydroacylation of Michael acceptors constitutes a useful tool for the formation of new C-C bonds. In this work, an environmentally friendly procedure was developed, utilizing 4cyanobenzaldehyde as the photoinitiator and household bulbs as the irradiation source. A great variety of substrates was well-tolerated, leading to good yields, and mechanistic experiments were performed to elucidate the catalyst's possible mechanistic pathway. Moreover, the inherent selectivity challenge regarding α,α-disubstituted aldehydes (decarbonylation problem) was studied and addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna K Sideri
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Errika Voutyritsa
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Christoforos G Kokotos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771, Athens, Greece
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138
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Fukuzumi S, Lee YM, Nam W. Photocatalytic Oxygenation Reactions Using Water and Dioxygen. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:3931-3940. [PMID: 31250964 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201901276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Water (H2 O) is the most environmentally benign reductant and is oxidized to evolve dioxygen (O2 )-the greenest oxidant-in photosystem II. This Minireview focuses on photocatalytic oxygenation of substrates with H2 O as an oxygen source and O2 as an oxidant. Metal complexes can be oxidized by two molecules of one-electron oxidants with H2 O to produce high-valent metal-oxo complexes, which act as active oxidants for oxygenating organic substrates. When an appropriate oxidant is employed for the substrate oxidation, the reduced oxidant can be oxidized by dioxygen to regenerate the oxidant when water and dioxygen are used as an oxygen source and an oxidant, respectively. Photoinduced electron transfer from a substrate (S) to the excited state of complex [(L)MIII ]+ produces a substrate radical cation (S.+ ), accompanied by the regeneration of [(L)MII ]. S.+ then reacts with H2 O to produce an OH adduct radical that is oxidized by [(L)MIII ]+ to yield an oxygenated product (SO), in which the oxygen atom originates from H2 O, accompanied by regeneration of [(L)MII ]. Photocatalytic oxidation of H2 O by O2 to produce H2 O2 is combined with the catalytic oxygenation of substrates with H2 O2 to produce the oxygenated products, in which the oxygen atom originates from O2 at the beginning but later from water. This Minireview provides a promising strategy for oxygenation of substrates by using H2 O as an oxygen source and O2 as the greenest oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi, 468-8502, Japan
| | - Yong-Min Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Wonwoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
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139
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Mateus-Ruiz JB, Cordero-Vargas A. Stereoselective Total Synthesis of Aspergillide A: A Visible Light-Mediated Photoredox Access to the Trisubstituted Tetrahydropyran Core. J Org Chem 2019; 84:11848-11855. [PMID: 31416311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A stereoselective total synthesis of natural product aspergillide A is reported. The adopted strategy relies on the direct access to the key tetrahydropyran core through a visible light-mediated photoredox reaction from an allylic alcohol and iodoacetic acid. In a single manipulation, a γ-iodo-δ-valerolactone is obtained through an atom transfer radical addition followed by in situ acid-catalyzed lactonization. The obtained lactone possesses three functionalized sites, which were seized to link the required substituents in the final product and thus completing the total synthesis of aspergillide A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeferson B Mateus-Ruiz
- Instituto de Química , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria , Coyoacán, C.P. 04510 México D.F. , Mexico
| | - Alejandro Cordero-Vargas
- Instituto de Química , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria , Coyoacán, C.P. 04510 México D.F. , Mexico
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140
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Reiß B, Wagenknecht HA. Naphthalene diimides with improved solubility for visible light photoredox catalysis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:2043-2051. [PMID: 31501672 PMCID: PMC6720061 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Five core-substituted naphthalene diimides bearing two dialkylamino groups were synthesized as potential visible light photoredox catalysts and characterized by methods of optical spectroscopy and electrochemistry in comparison with one unsubstituted naphthalene diimide as reference. The core-substituted naphthalene diimides differ by the alkyl groups at the imide nitrogens and at the nitrogens of the two substituents at the core in order to enhance their solubility in DMF and thereby enhance their photoredox catalytic potential. The 1-ethylpropyl group as rather short and branched alkyl substituent at the imide nitrogen and the n-propyl group as short and unbranched one at the core amines yielded the best solubilities. The electron-donating diaminoalkyl substituents together with the electron-deficient aromatic core of the naphthalene diimides increase the charge-transfer character of their photoexcited states and thus shift their absorption into the visible light (500-650 nm). The excited state reduction potential was estimated to be approximately +1.0 V (vs SCE) which is sufficient to photocatalyze typical organic reactions. The photoredox catalytic activity in the visible light range was tested by the α-alkylation of 1-octanal as benchmark reaction. Irradiations were performed with LEDs in the visible light range between 520 nm and 640 nm. The irradiation by visible light together with the use of an organic dye instead of a transition metal complex as photoredox catalyst improve the sustainability and make photoredox catalysis "greener".
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Reiß
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hans-Achim Wagenknecht
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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141
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Levitre G, Audubert C, Dumoulin A, Goual N, Retailleau P, Moreau X, Masson G. Combining Organocatalysis and Photoredox Catalysis: An Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral
β‐
Amino
α‐
Substituted Tryptamines. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Levitre
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles CNRS UPR 2301 Université Paris-SudUniversité Paris-Saclay 1, Avenue de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
| | - Clément Audubert
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles CNRS UPR 2301 Université Paris-SudUniversité Paris-Saclay 1, Avenue de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
| | - Audrey Dumoulin
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles CNRS UPR 2301 Université Paris-SudUniversité Paris-Saclay 1, Avenue de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
| | - Nawel Goual
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles CNRS UPR 2301 Université Paris-SudUniversité Paris-Saclay 1, Avenue de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
| | - Pascal Retailleau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles CNRS UPR 2301 Université Paris-SudUniversité Paris-Saclay 1, Avenue de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
| | - Xavier Moreau
- Institut Lavoisier Versailles UMR CNRS 8180Université de Versailles-St-Quentin-en-Yvelines Université Paris-Saclay 45 Avenue des Etats-Unis 78035 Versailles cedex France
| | - Géraldine Masson
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles CNRS UPR 2301 Université Paris-SudUniversité Paris-Saclay 1, Avenue de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
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142
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Jia Z, Yuan Y, Zong X, Wu B, Ma J. Photo-promoted transition metal-free organic transformations in the absence of conventional photo-sensitizers. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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143
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A tan for molecules: photocatalyzed synthesis with direct sunlight. RENDICONTI LINCEI-SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-019-00826-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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144
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Brandhofer T, Mancheño OG. Versatile Ru‐Photoredox‐Catalyzed Functionalization of Dehydro‐Amino Acids and Peptides. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201900446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Brandhofer
- Organic Chemistry InstituteMünster University Corrensstrasse 40 Münster 48149 Germany
- Institute for Organic ChemistryRegensburg University Universitätsstrasse 31 Regensburg 93053 Germany
| | - Olga García Mancheño
- Organic Chemistry InstituteMünster University Corrensstrasse 40 Münster 48149 Germany
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145
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Savvidou A, IoannisTzaras D, Koutoulogenis GS, Theodorou A, Kokotos CG. Synthesis of Benzofuran and Indole Derivatives Catalyzed by Palladium on Carbon. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anatoli Savvidou
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Panepistimiopolis 15771 Athens Greece
| | - Dimitrios IoannisTzaras
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Panepistimiopolis 15771 Athens Greece
| | - Giorgos S. Koutoulogenis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Panepistimiopolis 15771 Athens Greece
| | - Alexis Theodorou
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Panepistimiopolis 15771 Athens Greece
| | - Christoforos G. Kokotos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Panepistimiopolis 15771 Athens Greece
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146
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Optimization of Cyclohexanol and Cyclohexanone Yield in the Photocatalytic Oxofunctionalization of Cyclohexane over Degussa P-25 under Visible Light. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24122244. [PMID: 31208090 PMCID: PMC6630937 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The sustainable transformation of basic chemicals into organic compounds of industrial interest using mild oxidation processes has proved to be challenging. The production of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone from cyclohexane is of interest to the nylon manufacturing industry. However, the industrial oxidation of cyclohexane is inefficient. Heterogeneous photocatalysis represents an alternative way to synthesize these products, but the optimization of this process is difficult. In this work, the yields of photocatalytic cyclohexane conversion using Degussa P-25 under visible light were optimized. To improve cyclohexanol production, acetonitrile was used as an inert photocatalytic solvent. Experiments showed that the use of the optimized conditions under solar light radiation did not affect the cyclohexanol/cyclohexanone ratio. In addition, the main radical intermediary produced in the reaction was detected by the electronic paramagnetic resonance technique.
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147
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Zhang L, Jiao L. Visible-Light-Induced Organocatalytic Borylation of Aryl Chlorides. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:9124-9128. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b00917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | - Lei Jiao
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
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148
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Meninno S, Volpe C, Lattanzi A. Diaryl Prolinols in Stereoselective Catalysis and Synthesis: An Update. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201900569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Meninno
- Dipartimento di Chimica e BiologiaUniversity of Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II 84084 Fisciano Italy
| | - Chiara Volpe
- Dipartimento di Chimica e BiologiaUniversity of Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II 84084 Fisciano Italy
| | - Alessandra Lattanzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e BiologiaUniversity of Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II 84084 Fisciano Italy
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149
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Liu Y, Chen XL, Sun K, Li XY, Zeng FL, Liu XC, Qu LB, Zhao YF, Yu B. Visible-Light Induced Radical Perfluoroalkylation/Cyclization Strategy To Access 2-Perfluoroalkylbenzothiazoles/Benzoselenazoles by EDA Complex. Org Lett 2019; 21:4019-4024. [PMID: 31099576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel and practical fluoroalkyl radical-initiated cascade reaction was developed to access diverse 2-fluoroalkylbenzothiazoles by reacting various fluoroalkyl radical sources, including perfluoroalkyl iodide (IC nF2 n+1, n = 3-8, 10), ICF(CF3)2, ICF2COOEt, ICF2CF2Cl, or ICF2CF2Br, tetramethylethane-1,2-diamine (TMEDA), and 2-isocyanoaryl thioethers in tetrahydrofuran under nitrogen atmosphere and blue-light irradiation conditions. Furthermore, this one-pot protocol could well be expanded to access various 2-fluoroalkylbenzoselenazoles starting from (2-isocyanophenyl)(methyl)selane, perfluoroalkyl iodides (IC nF2 n+1, n = 3-8) or ICF2COOEt and TMEDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China.,College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Xinyang Agriculture & Forestry University , Xinyang 464000 , China
| | - Xiao-Lan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China.,The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Kai Sun
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
| | - Xiao-Yun Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
| | - Fan-Lin Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
| | - Xiao-Ceng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
| | - Ling-Bo Qu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
| | - Yu-Fen Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China.,The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Bing Yu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
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150
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Dantas JA, Correia JTM, Paixão MW, Corrêa AG. Photochemistry of Carbonyl Compounds: Application in Metal‐Free Reactions. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201900044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana A. Dantas
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry Department of ChemistryFederal University of São Carlos 13565-905 São Carlos, SP Brazil
| | - José Tiago M. Correia
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry Department of ChemistryFederal University of São Carlos 13565-905 São Carlos, SP Brazil
| | - Marcio W. Paixão
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry Department of ChemistryFederal University of São Carlos 13565-905 São Carlos, SP Brazil
| | - Arlene G. Corrêa
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry Department of ChemistryFederal University of São Carlos 13565-905 São Carlos, SP Brazil
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