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Liu C, Xu Y, Wu X, Zou Q. Clinical Significance Of Linc00342 Expression In The Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes Of Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis 2019; 12:251-256. [PMID: 31849511 PMCID: PMC6913287 DOI: 10.2147/ijnrd.s209832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the expression of Linc00342 in peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and healthy people and to identify Linc00342 as a biomarker of chronic kidney disease. Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from 30 patients with chronic kidney disease and 10 healthy volunteers at the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, China. According to CKD classification, the patients were divided into three CKD groups (the CKD1/2 group, CKD3/4 group and CKD5 group) and a healthy volunteer group (the H group). The relative expression of Linc00342 in lymphocytes was detected by RT-PCR, while the IL-6 and IL-10 levels in the serum were detected by ELISA. In addition, the general data of the patients and healthy volunteers were recorded. Finally, SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. Results The expression level of Linc00342 in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of the four groups increased significantly as the CKD grade increased, and there were statistically significant differences (p < 0.01). There was a positive linear correlation between the expression of Linc00342 in peripheral blood lymphocytes and the eGFR (p < 0.05), which was expressed by the linear model equation: Y = 2.532 + 0.012X. Among the inflammatory factors for the early diagnosis of CKD, the area under the ROC curve for the expression of Linc00342 in peripheral blood lymphocyte was 0.953, the standard error was 0.034 and the 95% confidence interval was 0.000-1.000. Conclusion The expression level of Linc00342 in peripheral blood lymphocytes can reflect the severity of CKD, and Linc00342 is possibly used as a molecular marker of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqian Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueping Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, People's Republic of China
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Song Y, Lv S, Wang F, Liu X, Cheng J, Liu S, Wang X, Chen W, Guan G, Liu G, Peng C. Overexpression of BMP‑7 reverses TGF‑β1‑induced epithelial‑mesenchymal transition by attenuating the Wnt3/β‑catenin and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathways in HK‑2 cells. Mol Med Rep 2019; 21:833-841. [PMID: 31974602 PMCID: PMC6947920 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubular epithelial cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial event in the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF). Bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) has been reported to exhibit anti-fibrotic functions in various renal diseases. However, the function of BMP-7 in regulating EMT and the progression of RIF remains largely unknown. The aim of the present study was to examine the potential effect of BMP-7 on transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)-induced EMT and the underlying mechanisms by which BMP-7 exerted its effects. Human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) were treated with TGF-β1 for various time periods and at various concentrations and lentiviral vectors were used to overexpress BMP-7. Cell Counting Kit-8 and Transwell assays were used to evaluate the viability and migration of HK-2 cells in vitro. EMT was estimated by assessing the changes in cell morphology and the expression of EMT markers. In addition, the activation of the Wnt3/β-catenin and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathways were analyzed using western blotting. TGF-β1 induced EMT in a time- and dose-dependent manner in HK-2 cells. Treatment with TGF-β1 induced morphological changes, decreased cell viability and the expression of E-cadherin, increased cell migration and the expression of α-smooth muscle actin, fibroblast-specific protein 1, collagen I and vimentin, and activated the Wnt3/β-catenin and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathways in HK-2 cells. However, BMP-7 overexpression notably reversed all these effects. These results suggest that BMP-7 effectively suppresses TGF-β1-induced EMT through the inhibition of the Wnt3/β-catenin and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathways, highlighting a potential novel anti-RIF strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Song
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Shasha Lv
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Guangju Guan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Changliang Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
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Winiarczyk D, Michalak K, Adaszek L, Winiarczyk M, Winiarczyk S. Urinary proteome of dogs with kidney injury during babesiosis. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:439. [PMID: 31801572 PMCID: PMC6894246 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2194-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute kidney injury is the most frequent complication of babesiosis in dogs and may provide a natural model for identifying early and specific markers of kidney injury in this species. There are limited data on urine proteomics in dogs, and none of the effect of babesiosis on the urine proteome. This study aimed to identify urinary proteins of dogs with kidney injury during the natural course of babesiosis caused by Babesia canis, and to compare them with proteins in a control group to reveal any potential biomarkers predicting renal injury before the presence of azotemia. Urine samples were collected from 10 dogs of various breeds and sex with naturally occurring babesiosis, and 10 healthy dogs. Pooled urine samples from both groups were separated by 2D (two-dimensional) electrophoresis, followed by protein identification using MALDI-TOF (matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight) mass spectrometry. Results In total, 176 proteins were identified in the urine samples from healthy dogs, and 403 proteins were identified in the urine samples from dogs with babesiosis. Of the 176 proteins, 146 were assigned exclusively to healthy dogs, and 373 of the 403 proteins were assigned exclusively to dogs with babesiosis; 30 proteins were common for both groups. Characteristic analysis of 373 proteins found in dogs with babesiosis led to the isolation of 8 proteins associated with 10 metabolic pathways involved in immune and inflammatory responses. Conclusions It was hypothesized that epithelial-mesenchymal transition might play an important role in the mechanisms underlying pathological changes in renal tissue during babesiosis, as indicated by a causal relationship network built by combining 5 of the 10 selected metabolic pathways, and 4 of the 8 proteins associated with these pathways; this network included cadherins, gonadotropin releasing hormone receptors, inflammatory responses mediated by chemokine and cytokine signalling pathways, integrins, interleukins, and TGF-β (transforming growth factor β) pathways. Those pathways were linked by interleukin-13, bone morphogenetic protein 7, α2(1) collagen, and tyrosine protein kinase Fer, which are potential biomarkers of damage during babesiosis in dogs, that might indicate early renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Winiarczyk
- Department and Clinic of Animal Internal Diseases, University of Life Sciences, Głęboka 30, 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| | - K Michalak
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Life Sciences, Głęboka 30, 20- 612, Lublin, Poland
| | - L Adaszek
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Life Sciences, Głęboka 30, 20- 612, Lublin, Poland
| | - M Winiarczyk
- Department of Vitreoretinal Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Chmielna 1, 20-079, Lublin, Poland
| | - S Winiarczyk
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Life Sciences, Głęboka 30, 20- 612, Lublin, Poland.
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Gwon MG, An HJ, Kim JY, Kim WH, Gu H, Kim HJ, Leem J, Jung HJ, Park KK. Anti-fibrotic effects of synthetic TGF-β1 and Smad oligodeoxynucleotide on kidney fibrosis in vivo and in vitro through inhibition of both epithelial dedifferentiation and endothelial-mesenchymal transitions. FASEB J 2019; 34:333-349. [PMID: 31914629 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901307rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Kidney fibrosis is a common process of various kidney diseases leading to end-stage renal failure irrespective of etiology. Myofibroblasts are crucial mediators in kidney fibrosis through production of extracellular matrix (ECM), but their origin has not been clearly identified. Many study proposed that epithelial and endothelial cells become myofibroblasts by epithelial dedifferentiation and endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT). TGF-β1/Smad signaling plays a crucial role in partly epithelial-mensencymal transition (EMT) and EndoMT. Thus, we designed the TGF-β1/Smad oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN), a synthetic short DNA containing complementary sequence for Smad transcription factor and TGF-β1 mRNA. Therefore, this study investigated the anti-fibrotic effect of synthetic TGF-β1/Smad ODN on UUO-induced kidney fibrosis in vivo model and TGF-β1-induced in vitro model. To examine the effect of TGF-β1/Smad ODN, we performed various experiments to evaluate kidney fibrosis. The results showed that UUO induced inflammation, ECM accumulation, epithelial dedifferentiation and EndoMT processes, and tubular atrophy. However, synthetic TGF-β1/Smad ODN significantly suppressed UUO-induced fibrosis. Furthermore, synthetic ODN attenuated TGF-β1-induced epithelial dedifferentiation and EndoMT program via blocking TGF-β1/Smad signaling. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that administration of synthetic TGF-β1/Smad ODN attenuates kidney fibrosis, epithelial dedifferentiation, and EndoMT processes. The findings propose the possibility of synthetic ODN as a new effective therapeutic tool for kidney fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Gyeong Gwon
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin An
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Yeon Kim
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon-Hae Kim
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Gu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Kim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaechan Leem
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Jung
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Kyu Park
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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105
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Liu L, Wang Y, Yan R, Liang L, Zhou X, Liu H, Zhang X, Mao Y, Peng W, Xiao Y, Zhang F, Liu L, Shi M, Guo B. BMP-7 inhibits renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy via miR-21 downregulation. Life Sci 2019; 238:116957. [PMID: 31655195 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in renal tubular epithelial cells are critical to diabetic nephropathy (DN) pathogenesis, but the underlying mechanisms remain undefined. Bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) inhibits EMT and ECM accumulation in renal tubular epithelial cells cultured in presence of high glucose. Meanwhile, miRNA-21 (miR-21) downregulates Smad7, promoting EMT and ECM deposition. However, the association of BMP-7 with miR-21/Smad7 in DN is unknown. Here, NRK-52E cells incubated in presence of high glucose and STZ-induced C57BL diabetic mice were considered in vitro and in vivo models of DN, respectively. In both models, BMP-7 (mRNA/protein) amounts were decreased as well as Smad7 protein expression, while miR-21 expression and TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway activation were enhanced, accompanied by enhanced EMT and ECM deposition. Further, addition of BMP-7 human recombinant cytokine (rhBMP-7) and injection of the BMP-7 overexpression plasmid in diabetic mice markedly downregulated miR-21 and upregulated Smad7, reduced Smad3 activation without affecting TGF-β1 amounts, and prevented EMT and ECM accumulation. MiR-21 overexpression in the in vitro model downregulated Smad7, promoted EMT and ECM accumulation without affecting BMP-7 amounts, and miR-21 downregulation reversed it. By interfering with BMP-7 and miR-21 expression in high glucose conditions, miR-21 amounts and Smad3 phosphorylation were further decreased. Smad7 was then upregulated, and EMT and ECM deposition were inhibited; these effects were reversed after miR-21 overexpression. These findings suggest that BMP-7 decreases renal fibrosis in DN by regulating miR-21/Smad7 signaling, providing a theoretical basis for the development of novel and effective therapeutic drugs for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Rui Yan
- Department of Nephrology,Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
| | - Luqun Liang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Xingcheng Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Huiming Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Xiaohuan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Yanwen Mao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Lirong Liu
- Department of Clinical Hematology, School of Medical Diagnositics,Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
| | - Mingjun Shi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China.
| | - Bing Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China; State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China.
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106
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Yang Q, Ren GL, Wei B, Jin J, Huang XR, Shao W, Li J, Meng XM, Lan HY. Conditional knockout of TGF-βRII /Smad2 signals protects against acute renal injury by alleviating cell necroptosis, apoptosis and inflammation. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:8277-8293. [PMID: 31754396 PMCID: PMC6857044 DOI: 10.7150/thno.35686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: TGF-β/Smad signaling is the central mediator for renal fibrosis, however, its functional role in acute kidney injury (AKI) is not fully understood. We previously showed Smad2 protects against renal fibrosis by limiting Smad3 signaling, but details on its role in acute phase are unclear. Recent evidence showed that TGF-β/Smad3 may be involved in the pathogenesis of AKI, so we hypothesized that Smad2 may play certain roles in AKI due to its potential effect on programmed cell death. Methods: We established a cisplatin-induced AKI mouse model with TGF-β type II receptor or Smad2 specifically deleted from renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs). We also created stable in vitro models with either Smad2 knockdown or overexpression in human HK2 cells. Importantly, we evaluated whether Smad2 could serve as a therapeutic target in both cisplatin- and ischemic/reperfusion (I/R)-induced AKI mouse models by silencing Smad2 in vivo. Results: Results show that disruption of TGF-β type II receptor suppressed Smad2/3 activation and attenuated renal injury in cisplatin nephropathy. Furthermore, we found that conditional knockout of downstream Smad2 in TECs protected against loss of renal function, and alleviated p53-mediated cell apoptosis, RIPK-mediated necroptosis and p65 NF-κB-driven renal inflammation in cisplatin nephropathy. This was further confirmed in cisplatin-treated Smad2 knockdown and overexpression HK2 cells. Additionally, lentivirus-mediated Smad2 knockdown protected against renal injury and inflammation while restoring renal function in established nephrotoxic and ischemic AKI models. Conclusions: These findings show that unlike its protective role in renal fibrosis, Smad2 promoted AKI by inducing programmed cell death and inflammation. This may offer a novel therapeutic target for acute kidney injury.
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107
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Sakai M, Troutman TD, Seidman JS, Ouyang Z, Spann NJ, Abe Y, Ego KM, Bruni CM, Deng Z, Schlachetzki JCM, Nott A, Bennett H, Chang J, Vu BT, Pasillas MP, Link VM, Texari L, Heinz S, Thompson BM, McDonald JG, Geissmann F, Glass CK. Liver-Derived Signals Sequentially Reprogram Myeloid Enhancers to Initiate and Maintain Kupffer Cell Identity. Immunity 2019; 51:655-670.e8. [PMID: 31587991 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tissue environment plays a powerful role in establishing and maintaining the distinct phenotypes of resident macrophages, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we characterized transcriptomic and epigenetic changes in repopulating liver macrophages following acute Kupffer cell depletion as a means to infer signaling pathways and transcription factors that promote Kupffer cell differentiation. We obtained evidence that combinatorial interactions of the Notch ligand DLL4 and transforming growth factor-b (TGF-β) family ligands produced by sinusoidal endothelial cells and endogenous LXR ligands were required for the induction and maintenance of Kupffer cell identity. DLL4 regulation of the Notch transcriptional effector RBPJ activated poised enhancers to rapidly induce LXRα and other Kupffer cell lineage-determining factors. These factors in turn reprogrammed the repopulating liver macrophage enhancer landscape to converge on that of the original resident Kupffer cells. Collectively, these findings provide a framework for understanding how macrophage progenitor cells acquire tissue-specific phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashito Sakai
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ty D Troutman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jason S Seidman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Zhengyu Ouyang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nathanael J Spann
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yohei Abe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kaori M Ego
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Cassi M Bruni
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Zihou Deng
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Johannes C M Schlachetzki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Alexi Nott
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hunter Bennett
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jonathan Chang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - BaoChau T Vu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Martina P Pasillas
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Verena M Link
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Faculty of Biology, Division of Evolutionary Biology, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich 82152, Germany
| | - Lorane Texari
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sven Heinz
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Bonne M Thompson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jeffrey G McDonald
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Frederic Geissmann
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Christopher K Glass
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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108
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Abd El-Meguid M, Dawood RM, Mokhles MA, El Awady MK. Extrahepatic Upregulation of Transforming Growth Factor Beta 2 in HCV Genotype 4-Induced Liver Fibrosis. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 38:341-347. [PMID: 30130153 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2018.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family mediate myofibroblast generation and extracellular matrix deposition, thus making TGF-β recognized as major profibrogenic cytokines. In this article, we provide evidence that extrahepatic TGF-β2 expression at RNA and protein levels in peripheral leucocytes and serum, respectively, correlate with hepatic fibrogenesis. Current study includes a total of 110 subjects [89 naive hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients (f0-f4) and 21 healthy controls]. Array profiling of 84 fibrosis-related transcripts revealed that TGF-β2 RNA was significantly upregulated compared with controls. Transcription results were confirmed by specific qRT-PCR on TGF-β2 RNA in peripheral leucocytes and TGF-β2 protein by ELISA in serum. PCR array and qRT-PCR for TGF-β2 RNA in peripheral leucocytes revealed that HCV-infected patients, regardless of the degree of fibrosis, had significantly elevated TGF-β2 RNA levels compared with controls (P = 0.018 and 0.047, respectively). This extrahepatic upregulation of TGF-β2 RNA was confirmed by elevated levels of secretory TGF-β2 protein in infected sera (P = 0.001). The Area Under the Curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve for the TGF-β2 protein between patients and controls was 0.80, a value that renders serum TGF-β2 protein a promising biomarker for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Abd El-Meguid
- 1 Genetic Engineering Division, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, National Research Centre , Giza, Egypt
| | - Reham M Dawood
- 1 Genetic Engineering Division, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, National Research Centre , Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Mostafa K El Awady
- 1 Genetic Engineering Division, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, National Research Centre , Giza, Egypt
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109
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Dituri F, Cossu C, Mancarella S, Giannelli G. The Interactivity between TGFβ and BMP Signaling in Organogenesis, Fibrosis, and Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:E1130. [PMID: 31547567 PMCID: PMC6829314 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGFβ) and Bone Morphogenic Protein (BMP) pathways intersect at multiple signaling hubs and cooperatively or counteractively participate to bring about cellular processes which are critical not only for tissue morphogenesis and organogenesis during development, but also for adult tissue homeostasis. The proper functioning of the TGFβ/BMP pathway depends on its communication with other signaling pathways and any deregulation leads to developmental defects or diseases, including fibrosis and cancer. In this review we explore the cellular and physio-pathological contexts in which the synergism or antagonism between the TGFβ and BMP pathways are crucial determinants for the normal developmental processes, as well as the progression of fibrosis and malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Dituri
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. De Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy.
| | - Carla Cossu
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. De Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy.
| | - Serena Mancarella
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. De Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy.
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. De Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy.
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110
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Abstract
Renal fibrosis is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) that disrupts and replaces functional parenchyma, which leads to organ failure. It is known as the major pathological mechanism of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although CKD has an impact on no less than 10% of the world population, therapeutic options are still limited. Regardless of etiology, elevated TGF-β levels are highly correlated with the activated pro-fibrotic pathways and disease progression. TGF-β, the key driver of renal fibrosis, is involved in a dynamic pathophysiological process that leads to CKD and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). It is becoming clear that epigenetics regulates renal programming, and therefore, the development and progression of renal disease. Indeed, recent evidence shows TGF-β1/Smad signaling regulates renal fibrosis via epigenetic-correlated mechanisms. This review focuses on the function of TGF-β/Smads in renal fibrogenesis, and the role of epigenetics as a regulator of pro-fibrotic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao-Tao Ma
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Meng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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111
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Yi J, He Z, Xu S, Feng S. Efficacy and safety of leflunomide in IgA nephropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Urol Nephrol 2019; 51:1987-1998. [PMID: 31515666 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-019-02255-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal therapy for immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) remains uncertain. Leflunomide (LEF) is an immunosuppressive drug which may reduce deposition of glomerular autoantibodies and immune complexes. Several clinical trials were designed to evaluate the efficacy of LEF, but their results were controversial. METHODS Ovid Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and CNKI were systematically searched. Search terms included ("glomerulonephritis" OR "nephritis") AND ("immunoglobulin A" OR "IgA") AND "leflunomide". Studies in which patients were diagnosed with IgAN based on renal biopsy were included. Studies needed to report clinical outcomes via either short- or long-term clinical examination, remission rate, or complication rate. RESULTS Forty-four studies encompassing 1802 patients were included, of which 35 were randomized controlled trials. Results of 24 h post-treatment urine protein tests and serum creatinine tests were significantly lower in patients treat with LEF and corticosteroids (CS) or valsartan (ACEI) (CS + LEF or CS + ACEI) compared with patients treated with CS or ACEI alone (P < 0.05). More patients treated with CS + LEF (31.2%) achieved complete remission (CR) than patients treated with CS alone (22.2%) (RR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.59-0.85, P < 0.05). Although there was no significant difference in CR between patients treated with cyclophosphamide and CS (CS + CTX) and those treated with CS + LEF, the complication rate in the former group was higher (28.4%) than in the latter one (11.4%) (RR = 2.46, 95% CI 1.47-4.13, P < 0.005). CONCLUSION LEF appears to improve renal function while decreasing loss of urine protein. Combination regimens including LEF were better and safer compared with CS or ACEI alone or combinations including CTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Yi
- Department of Nephrology, The People's Hospital of Yichun City, 88 Zhongsha West Road, Yuanzhou District, Yichun, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Zhihong He
- Department of Nephrology, The People's Hospital of Yichun City, 88 Zhongsha West Road, Yuanzhou District, Yichun, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Shizhang Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The People's Hospital of Yichun City, 88 Zhongsha West Road, Yuanzhou District, Yichun, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Si Feng
- Department of Nephrology, The People's Hospital of Yichun City, 88 Zhongsha West Road, Yuanzhou District, Yichun, Jiangxi Province, China
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112
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Tan CY, Wong JX, Chan PS, Tan H, Liao D, Chen W, Tan LW, Ackers-Johnson M, Wakimoto H, Seidman JG, Seidman CE, Lunde IG, Zhu F, Hu Q, Bian J, Wang JW, Foo RS, Jiang J. Yin Yang 1 Suppresses Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Cardiac Fibrosis Through Regulation of Bmp7 and Ctgf. Circ Res 2019; 125:834-846. [PMID: 31495264 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.314794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Pathogenic variations in the lamin gene (LMNA) cause familial dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). LMNA insufficiency caused by LMNA pathogenic variants is believed to be the basic mechanism underpinning LMNA-related DCM. OBJECTIVE To assess whether silencing of cardiac Lmna causes DCM and investigate the role of Yin Yang 1 (Yy1) in suppressing Lmna DCM. METHODS AND RESULTS We developed a Lmna DCM mouse model induced by cardiac-specific Lmna short hairpin RNA. Silencing of cardiac Lmna induced DCM with associated cardiac fibrosis and inflammation. We demonstrated that upregulation of Yy1 suppressed Lmna DCM and cardiac fibrosis by inducing Bmp7 expression and preventing upregulation of Ctgf. Knockdown of upregulated Bmp7 attenuated the suppressive effect of Yy1 on DCM and cardiac fibrosis. However, upregulation of Bmp7 alone was not sufficient to suppress DCM and cardiac fibrosis. Importantly, upregulation of Bmp7 together with Ctgf silencing significantly suppressed DCM and cardiac fibrosis. Mechanistically, upregulation of Yy1 regulated Bmp7 and Ctgf reporter activities and modulated Bmp7 and Ctgf gene expression in cardiomyocytes. Downregulation of Ctgf inhibited TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β)/Smad signaling in DCM hearts. Regulation of both Bmp7 and Ctgf further suppressed TGFβ/Smad signaling. In addition, co-modulation of Bmp7 and Ctgf reduced CD3+ T cell numbers in DCM hearts. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that upregulation of Yy1 or co-modulation of Bmp7 and Ctgf offer novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of DCM caused by LMNA insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia Yee Tan
- From the Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (C.Y.T., J.X.W., P.S.C., H.T., D.L., W.C., J.J.).,Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore (C.Y.T., J.X.W., P.S.C., H.T., D.L., W.C., M.A.-J., J.W.W., R.S.F., J.J.)
| | - Jing Xuan Wong
- From the Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (C.Y.T., J.X.W., P.S.C., H.T., D.L., W.C., J.J.).,Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore (C.Y.T., J.X.W., P.S.C., H.T., D.L., W.C., M.A.-J., J.W.W., R.S.F., J.J.)
| | - Pui Shi Chan
- From the Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (C.Y.T., J.X.W., P.S.C., H.T., D.L., W.C., J.J.).,Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore (C.Y.T., J.X.W., P.S.C., H.T., D.L., W.C., M.A.-J., J.W.W., R.S.F., J.J.)
| | - Hansen Tan
- From the Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (C.Y.T., J.X.W., P.S.C., H.T., D.L., W.C., J.J.).,Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore (C.Y.T., J.X.W., P.S.C., H.T., D.L., W.C., M.A.-J., J.W.W., R.S.F., J.J.)
| | - Dan Liao
- From the Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (C.Y.T., J.X.W., P.S.C., H.T., D.L., W.C., J.J.).,Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore (C.Y.T., J.X.W., P.S.C., H.T., D.L., W.C., M.A.-J., J.W.W., R.S.F., J.J.)
| | - Weiming Chen
- From the Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (C.Y.T., J.X.W., P.S.C., H.T., D.L., W.C., J.J.).,Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore (C.Y.T., J.X.W., P.S.C., H.T., D.L., W.C., M.A.-J., J.W.W., R.S.F., J.J.)
| | - Lek Wen Tan
- Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR (L.W.T., M.A.-J., R.S.F.)
| | - Matthew Ackers-Johnson
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore (C.Y.T., J.X.W., P.S.C., H.T., D.L., W.C., M.A.-J., J.W.W., R.S.F., J.J.).,Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR (L.W.T., M.A.-J., R.S.F.)
| | - Hiroko Wakimoto
- Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (H.W., J.G.S., C.E.S.)
| | | | | | - Ida Gjervold Lunde
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway (I.G.L.)
| | - Feng Zhu
- School of Computer, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, P.R China (F.Z.)
| | - Qidong Hu
- Anatomy (Q.H.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
| | - Jinsong Bian
- Pharmacology (J.B.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
| | - Jiong-Wei Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore (C.Y.T., J.X.W., P.S.C., H.T., D.L., W.C., M.A.-J., J.W.W., R.S.F., J.J.).,Physiology (J.-W.W.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore.,Surgery (J.-W.W.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
| | - Roger S Foo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore (C.Y.T., J.X.W., P.S.C., H.T., D.L., W.C., M.A.-J., J.W.W., R.S.F., J.J.).,Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR (L.W.T., M.A.-J., R.S.F.)
| | - Jianming Jiang
- From the Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (C.Y.T., J.X.W., P.S.C., H.T., D.L., W.C., J.J.).,Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore (C.Y.T., J.X.W., P.S.C., H.T., D.L., W.C., M.A.-J., J.W.W., R.S.F., J.J.)
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113
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Arfian N, Setyaningsih WAW, Anggorowati N, Romi MM, Sari DCR. Ethanol Extract of Centella asiatica (Gotu Kola) Attenuates Tubular Injury Through Inhibition of Inflammatory Cytokines and Enhancement of Anti-Fibrotic Factor in Mice with 5/6 Subtotal Nephrectomy. Malays J Med Sci 2019; 26:53-63. [PMID: 31728118 PMCID: PMC6839655 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2019.26.5.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to inflammation, fibrosis and destruction of the renal architecture. Centella asiatica (CeA) is an herbaceous plant with anti-inflammatory effects. We aimed to elucidate the effect of CeA on inflammation, fibrosis, vascular remodelling and antifibrotic substances in a 5/6 subtotal nephrectomy (SN) model in mice. METHODS Mice were divided into three groups: sham operation (SO, n = 6), 5/6 SN for seven days (SN7, n = 7) and SN7 with oral CeA treatment (SN7-CeA, n = 7). At day 7, mice were euthanised, kidneys were harvested and stained with periodic-acid Schiff (for tubular injury and glomerulosclerosis) and sirius red (for fibrosis and vascular remodeling) staining. mRNA expression of prepro-endothelin-1, nephrin, E-cadherin, bone morphogenic protein-7 (BMP-7), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) were quantified using reverse transcriptase-PCR. RESULTS SN group demonstrated significant higher interstitial fibrosis, vascular remodeling, tubular injury and glomerulosclerosis (P < 0.01) compared to SO group. Meanwhile, in SN7-CeA demonstrated attenuation of vascular remodeling as shown by significant higher lumen area with lower Wall/Lumen area ratio compared to SN7. RT-PCR analysis showed up-regulation of nephrin, BMP-7 and E-cadherin mRNA expression (P < 0.05) and down-regulation of ppET-1 in SN7-CeA group compared to SN7 group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION CeA may ameliorate renal injury in the SN model in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Arfian
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Nungki Anggorowati
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Mansyur Romi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Cahyani Ratna Sari
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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114
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Liao Z, Zhang J, Wang J, Yan T, Xu F, Wu B, Xiao F, Bi K, Niu J, Jia Y. The anti-nephritic activity of a polysaccharide from okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) via modulation of AMPK-Sirt1-PGC-1α signaling axis mediated anti-oxidative in type 2 diabetes model mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 140:568-576. [PMID: 31442509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) with high morbidity and mortality is one of the most severe diabetes complications and affects nearly one-third of people with diabetes. Our present experiment was designed to assess the potential therapeutic of a polysaccharide purified from okra (OP) on DN in high-fat diet-fed and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. We found that an 8-week treatment with OP could significantly decrease the 24-h urine protein (24-h UP), serum creatinine (Scr), serum urea nitrogen (SUN) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, which are regard as the biomarkers of renal injury. The results of immunohistochemical analysis and histopathological examination showed that the diabetic-induced microstructural changes and fibrosis in kidney can be alleviated by the administration of OP (400 mg/kg). Our immunofluorescences results demonstrated that OP (400 mg/kg) could greatly reduce the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in kidney. In addition, we also studied the level of SOD, GSH, CAT, HO-1, Nrf2, p-AMPK, PGC-1α, Sirt1, Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3 and Bax in renal tissue by assay kit and western blot. Our results suggested that OP ameliorated DN in diabetic mice, which is possibly related to suppressing apoptosis and oxidative stress through activating AMPK-Sirt1-PGC-1α signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzheng Liao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jingying Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Tingxu Yan
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Fanxing Xu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bo Wu
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Kaishun Bi
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jumin Niu
- Shenyang Women's and Children's Hospital, No. 87 Danan Street, Shenyang 110011, China.
| | - Ying Jia
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China.
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115
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Srivastava SP, Hedayat AF, Kanasaki K, Goodwin JE. microRNA Crosstalk Influences Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal, Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal, and Macrophage-to-Mesenchymal Transitions in the Kidney. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:904. [PMID: 31474862 PMCID: PMC6707424 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding nucleotides that regulate diverse biological processes. Altered microRNA biosynthesis or regulation contributes to pathological processes including kidney fibrosis. Kidney fibrosis is characterized by deposition of excess extracellular matrix (ECM), which is caused by infiltration of immune cells, inflammatory cells, altered chemokines, and cytokines as well as activation and accumulation of fibroblasts in the kidney. These activated fibroblasts can arise from epithelial cells via epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), from bone marrow-derived M2 phenotype macrophages via macrophage-to-mesenchymal transition (MMT), from endothelial cells via endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), from resident fibroblasts, and from bone marrow-derived monocytes and play a crucial role in fibrotic events. Disrupted microRNA biosynthesis and aberrant regulation contribute to the activation of mesenchymal programs in the kidney. miR-29 regulates the interaction between dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) and integrin β1 and the associated active transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and pro-EndMT signaling; however, miR-let-7 targets transforming growth factor β receptors (TGFβRs) to inhibit TGFβ signaling. N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (AcSDKP) is an endogenous anti-fibrotic peptide, which is associated with fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) phosphorylation and subsequently responsible for the production of miR-let-7. miR-29 and miR-let-7 family clusters participate in crosstalk mechanisms, which are crucial for endothelial cell homeostasis. The physiological level of AcSDKP is vital for the activation of anti-fibrotic mechanisms including restoration of anti-fibrotic microRNA crosstalk and suppression of profibrotic signaling by mitigating DPP-4-associated mesenchymal activation in the epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and M2 phenotype macrophages. The present review highlights recent advancements in the understanding of both the role of microRNAs in the development of kidney disease and their potential as novel therapeutic targets for fibrotic disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad Fahim Hedayat
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Keizo Kanasaki
- Internal Medicine 1, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Julie E Goodwin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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116
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Chen DQ, Cao G, Zhao H, Chen L, Yang T, Wang M, Vaziri ND, Guo Y, Zhao YY. Combined melatonin and poricoic acid A inhibits renal fibrosis through modulating the interaction of Smad3 and β-catenin pathway in AKI-to-CKD continuum. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2019; 10:2040622319869116. [PMID: 31452866 PMCID: PMC6696851 DOI: 10.1177/2040622319869116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the major risk factors for progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and renal fibrosis. However, effective therapies remain poorly understood. Here, we examined the renoprotective effects of melatonin and poricoic acid A (PAA) isolated from the surface layer of Poria cocos, and investigated the effects of combined therapy on the interaction of TGF-β/Smad and Wnt/β-catenin in a rat model of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) or TGF-β1-induced HK-2 cells. Methods: Western blot and immunohistochemical staining were used to examine protein expression, while qRT-PCR was used to examine mRNA expression. Coimmunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation, RNA interference, and luciferase reporter gene analysis were employed to explore the mechanisms of PAA and melatonin’s renoprotective effects. Results: PAA and combined therapy exhibited renoprotective and antifibrotic effects, but the underlying mechanisms were different during AKI-to-CKD continuum. Melatonin suppressed Smad-dependent and Smad-independent pathways, while PAA selectively inhibited Smad3 phosphorylation through distrupting the interactions of Smad3 with TGFβRI and SARA. Further studies demonstrated that the inhibitory effects of melatonin and PAA were partially depended on Smad3, especially PAA. Melatonin and PAA also inhibited the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and its profibrotic downstream targets, and PAA performed better. We further determined that IRI induced a nuclear Smad3/β-catenin complex, while melatonin and PAA disturbed the interaction of Smad3 and β-catenin, and supplementing with PAA could enhance the inhibitory effects of melatonin on the TGF-β/Smad and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Conclusions: Combined melatonin and PAA provides a promising therapeutic strategy to treat renal fibrosis during the AKI-to-CKD continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Qian Chen
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tian Yang
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Yan Guo
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
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Chen F, Huang F, Zhan F. Correlation between serum transforming growth factor β1, interleukin-6 and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:671-677. [PMID: 31258705 PMCID: PMC6566086 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Trend and correlation of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum of children with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) were investigated. A total of 75 NRDS children born in the Xiangyang Central Hospital from July 2015 to August 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. A total of 45 NRDS premature infants who received pulmonary surfactant (PS) within 12 h after birth were treated as PS group, 30 who did not receive PS treatment as non-PS group, and 32 premature infants without NRDS in the same period were selected as control group. Serum levels of TGF-β1 and IL-6 were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at various time points after birth and their correlation was analyzed. The expression level of TGF-β1 in serum of children in PS group was significantly higher than that in control group on days 1 and 3 after birth (P<0.05). The expression level of TGF-β1 in non-PS group increased continuously with the increase of number of days and was significantly higher than that in control group on days 1, 3 and 7 after birth (P<0.05), and significantly higher than that in PS group on days 3 and 7 after birth (P<0.05). The analysis of the correlation between the severity of the disease and the expression levels of TGF-β1 and IL-6 showed that the expression levels were elevated with the increase of the disease severity. The expression levels of TGF-β1 and IL-6 were positively correlated with severity of the disease (r=0.7509, P<0.05; r=0.8056, P<0.05). The expression levels of TGF-β1 and IL-6 in PS and non-PS groups were positively correlated (r=0.9042, P<0.05; r=0.8905, P<0.05). The results showed that serum TGF-β1 and IL-6 were elevated in NRDS children, and there was a positive correlation between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441021, P.R. China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441021, P.R. China
| | - Fei Zhan
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441021, P.R. China
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Komolkriengkrai M, Nopparat J, Vongvatcharanon U, Anupunpisit V, Khimmaktong W. Effect of glabridin on collagen deposition in liver and amelioration of hepatocyte destruction in diabetes rats. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:1164-1174. [PMID: 31316610 PMCID: PMC6601403 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities in insulin hormone levels leads to a hyperglycemic condition of diabetic mellitus. Hyperglycemia seriously induces organ and system destructions. The excessive accumulation of collagen fiber deposits occurs in inflammatory and reorganization processes of chronic liver diseases in type I insulin-dependent diabetes. Regarding the research objective, glabridin (GLB), an active compound of licorice, was used as a daily supplement (40 mg/kg) in order to decrease hepatocyte destruction and collagen deposition in liver tissue of diabetic animals induced by streptozotocin. A total of 40 were randomly allocated to five groups (each, n=10), control, control treated with GLB (GLB), diabetic rats (DM) injected with single dose of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) to induce a diabetic condition, diabetic rats receiving GLB (DM+GLB; 40 mg/kg) and diabetic rats treated with glibenclamide (DM+GL; 4 mg/kg). Characteristic histopathological changes in liver cells and tissues of rats were determined by Masson's trichrome staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Western blotting was used to detect the expression of the key markers, collagen type I and fibronectin proteins. The histological investigation of liver tissue of the DM group revealed that the collagen fiber deposition was increased in the periportal, pericentral and perisinusoidal spaces compared with controls. Hepatocytes appeared as small and fragmented cells in TEM examination. Collagenization of the perisinusoidal space was recently demonstrated to represent a new aspect of the microvascular abnormalities and liver fibrosis. Healthy hepatocytes with round nucleus were observed following supplementation of glabridin. In addition, collagen fiber deposition was reduced in the area adjacent to the perisinusoidal space. The expression of collagen type I and fibronectin decreased strongly following glabridin supplementation in DM+GLB rats compared with DM rats, indicating that the hepatic tissue reorganization regained its normal morphology. These findings suggest that it may be beneficial to examine the role of glabridin as a therapeutic agent in diabetes treatment in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manaras Komolkriengkrai
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Jongdee Nopparat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Uraporn Vongvatcharanon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Vipavee Anupunpisit
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Wipapan Khimmaktong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
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Wu J, Fang L, Cen Y, Qing Y, Chen J, Li Z. MiR-21 Regulates Keloid Formation by Downregulating Smad7 via the TGF-β/Smad Signaling Pathway. J Burn Care Res 2019; 40:809-817. [PMID: 31184708 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irz089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
A keloid is a benign fibroproliferative skin tumor that results from abnormal wound healing after injury and tends to grow beyond the boundary of the original wound; the mechanism of keloid formation is still unclear. MicroRNA-21 (MiR-21) is a representative microRNA that plays a key role in a variety of fibrotic diseases via the transforming growth factor-β/Smad signaling pathway. The aim of our study was to explore the mechanism of keloid formation. First, we found that the expression of miR-21 in keloids and keloid fibroblasts was significantly upregulated by microRNA microarray and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, at the protein level, our study confirmed that the overexpression of miR-21 could promote the process of keloid fibrosis to some extent and also indicated that a low expression of miR-21 could inhibit the process of keloid fibrosis. Finally, the results proved that miR-21 could participate in the keloid fibrosis process through negative regulation of its downstream target gene Smad7 via the transforming growth factor-β/Smad signaling pathway, which provides a guiding framework for further studies and new theoretical support for keloid clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junliang Wu
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu Fang
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Cen
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Qing
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengyong Li
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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120
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Leonurine: From Gynecologic Medicine to Pleiotropic Agent. Chin J Integr Med 2019; 26:152-160. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-019-3453-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Owens EP, Vesey DA, Kassianos AJ, Healy H, Hoy WE, Gobe GC. Biomarkers and the role of mast cells as facilitators of inflammation and fibrosis in chronic kidney disease. Transl Androl Urol 2019; 8:S175-S183. [PMID: 31236335 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2018.11.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a clinical syndrome with many adverse sequelae and is currently a major global health and economic burden. Regardless of aetiology, inflammation and fibrosis are common manifestations of CKD. Unfortunately, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are poorly understood, and robust prognostic and early diagnostic biomarkers of CKD are lacking. One immune cell population that has received little attention in the context of CKD is mast cells (MCs). This mini review will examine the role of MCs as facilitators of kidney inflammation and fibrosis, propose a mechanistic structure for MCs in CKD, and give consideration to biomarkers specific for MC activation that can be deployed clinically. MCs are derived from haematopoietic stem cells. They are characterised by electron-dense granules in the cytoplasm, filled with preformed mediators. MCs can synthesise a range of bio-active compounds. Activation of MCs modulates an innate immune and adaptive effector response. Increased MC counts have been observed in animal models of kidney disease and a range of kidney diseases in humans where MC presence has been linked to biomarkers of kidney function and tissue damage. To further implicate MCs in CKD, several chemokines, cytokines and proteases released by MCs have been observed in their own right in various kidney diseases and linked to progressive CKD. One compound released by MCs that is of particular interest is the MC-specific protease tryptase. This protease is capable of activating the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) protease activated receptor-2 (PAR-2). PAR-2 is widely expressed throughout the kidney and highly expressed in the tubular epithelial cells where its activation induces robust inflammatory and fibrotic responses. Novel prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers of CKD are needed. MC-specific proteases [tryptase, chymase and carboxypeptidase A3 (CPA3)] are easily detectable in the blood but questionably in the urine. This review aims to promote these as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers in the context of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan P Owens
- NHMRC Chronic Kidney Disease Centre of Research Excellence, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Kidney Disease Research Collaborative, University of Queensland and Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David A Vesey
- Kidney Disease Research Collaborative, University of Queensland and Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andrew J Kassianos
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Helen Healy
- NHMRC Chronic Kidney Disease Centre of Research Excellence, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Wendy E Hoy
- NHMRC Chronic Kidney Disease Centre of Research Excellence, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Centre for Chronic Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Glenda C Gobe
- NHMRC Chronic Kidney Disease Centre of Research Excellence, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Kidney Disease Research Collaborative, University of Queensland and Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Centre for Chronic Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Biomedical Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Effects of rikkunshito on renal fibrosis and inflammation in angiotensin II-infused mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6201. [PMID: 30996242 PMCID: PMC6470237 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42657-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The underlying pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease involves an activated renin-angiotensin system and systemic inflammation which ultimately develop renal injury. Rikkunshito (RKT) has been reported to exert anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects through enhancement of ghrelin signaling pathway. In this study, we investigated the effects of RKT on renal fibrosis and inflammation in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced renal injury model. Ang II-infused mice exhibited hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, increases in blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine, moderate albuminuria and renal pathological changes such as mild urinary cast, interstitial macrophage infiltration and modest interstitial fibrosis. RKT had no evident effects on the Ang II-induced renal functional insufficiency and fibrosis, but attenuated renal interstitial macrophage infiltration. In addition, RKT significantly restored the Ang II-induced alteration in the expression of renal fibrosis- and inflammation-related genes such as type 3 collagen, transforming growth factor-β, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and interleukin-6. Furthermore, although RKT did not affect the expression of renal ghrelin receptor, an Ang II-induced decrease in renal sirtuin 1 expression, a critical down-stream pathway of the ghrelin receptor, was restored by RKT. These findings suggest that RKT potentially has a renal anti-inflammatory effect in the development of renal injury, and this effect could be mediated by the ghrelin signaling pathway.
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Lee J, An JN, Hwang JH, Lee H, Lee JP, Kim SG. p38 MAPK activity is associated with the histological degree of interstitial fibrosis in IgA nephropathy patients. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213981. [PMID: 30897126 PMCID: PMC6428396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is associated with tissue fibrosis, and inhibition of p38 MAPK can attenuate the progression of fibrosis. We aimed to investigate whether p38 MAPK activity in kidney tissue confirmed by immunohistochemical staining is associated with renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in chronic kidney disease patients with IgA nephropathy. We collected kidney biopsy specimens from 341 IgA nephropathy patients and 15 control patients to identify the clinical and histopathological factors associated with kidney tubulointerstitial fibrosis and to find an association between kidney phosphorylated p38 immunoactivity and pathological grading. In addition, we aimed to investigate whether the anti-fibrotic effect of p38 MAPK inhibition can be identified by assessing the immunostaining intensity of phosphorylated p38 in kidney tissue. A renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis model was introduced using 7-week-old C57BL/6 mice subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). The p38 MAPK inhibitor SB-731445 was injected intraperitoneally every day for 7 days, and changes in renal fibrosis-associated markers were investigated. Assessment of kidney biopsy specimens from IgA nephropathy patients revealed that the degree of interstitial fibrosis was significantly associated with the tissue immunoactivity of phosphorylated p38. High-grade interstitial fibrosis was associated with a low glomerular filtration rate, high proteinuria, and high-grade histopathological changes, including tubular atrophy, interstitial inflammation, and glomerular sclerosis. In a mouse UUO model, renal protein expression of COL1 and phosphorylated p38 were significantly increased, and the protein expression of COL1 and phosphorylated p38 decreased in mice administered 10 mg/kg/day p38 MAPK inhibitor. We found that kidney interstitial fibrosis is associated with increased immunoactivity of phosphorylated p38 in a UUO mouse model and in human IgA nephropathy patients and that the anti-fibrotic effect of p38 MAPK inhibition can be confirmed using immunohistochemical staining for phosphorylated p38 in kidney tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghwan Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jung Nam An
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Ho Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hajeong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Pyo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Gyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Wen H, Kumar V, Mishra A, Song S, Aslam R, Hussain A, Wang H, Zhou X, He X, Wu G, Luo H, Lan X, Malhotra A, Singhal PC. Grem2 mediates podocyte apoptosis in high glucose milieu. Biochimie 2019; 160:113-121. [PMID: 30831151 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased DAN protein (Grem1, Grem2, Grem3, Cerberus, NBL1, SOST, and USAG1) levels are often associated with severe disease-states in adult kidneys. Grem1, SOST, and USAG1 have been demonstrated to be upregulated and play a critical role in the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN); however, the expression and the role of other DAN family members in DN have not been reported yet. In this study, we investigated the expression and the role of Grem2 in the development of renal lesions in mice with type 2 DN. METHODS Fourteen-week-old BTBRob/ob (a mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus) and control (BTBR, wild type) mice were evaluated for renal functional and structural biomarkers. Urine was collected for protein content assay, and renal tissues were harvested for molecular analysis with real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. In vitro studies, human podocytes were transfected with Grem2 plasmid and were evaluated for apoptosis (morphologic assay and Western blotting). To evaluate the Grem2-mediated downstream signaling, the phosphorylation status of Smad2/3 and Smad1/5/8 was assessed. To establish a causal relationship, the effect of SIS3 (an inhibitor for Samd2/3) and BMP-7 (an agonist for Smad1/5/8) was evaluated on Germ2-induced podocyte apoptosis. RESULTS BTBRob/ob mice showed elevated urinary protein levels. Renal tissues of BTBRob/ob mice showed an increased expression of Grem2; both glomerular and tubular cells displayed enhanced Grem2 expression. In vitro studies, high glucose increased Grem2 expression in cultured human podocytes, whereas, Grem2 silencing partially protected podocyte from high glucose-induced apoptosis. Overexpression of Grem2 in podocytes not only increased Bax/Bcl2 expression ratio but also promoted podocyte apoptosis; moreover, an overexpression of Grem2 increased the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and decreased the phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8; furthermore, SIS3 and BMP-7 attenuated Grem2-induced podocyte apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS High glucose increases Grem2 expression in kidney cells. Grem2 mediates podocyte apoptosis through Smads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiu Wen
- Key Laboratory for Aging and Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Abheepsa Mishra
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Su Song
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Rukhsana Aslam
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Ali Hussain
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Haichao Wang
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States; Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Xiaogang Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Aging and Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoming He
- Key Laboratory for Aging and Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Guisheng Wu
- Key Laboratory for Aging and Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Huairong Luo
- Key Laboratory for Aging and Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiqian Lan
- Key Laboratory for Aging and Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States.
| | - Ashwani Malhotra
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Pravin C Singhal
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States.
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Ning J, Zhao Y, Ye Y, Yu J. Opposing roles and potential antagonistic mechanism between TGF-β and BMP pathways: Implications for cancer progression. EBioMedicine 2019; 41:702-710. [PMID: 30808576 PMCID: PMC6442991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily participates in tumour proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, migration, invasion, immune evasion and extracellular matrix remodelling. Genetic deficiency in distinct components of TGF-β and BMP-induced signalling pathways or their excessive activation has been reported to regulate the development and progression of some cancers. As more in-depth studies about this superfamily have been conducted, more evidence suggests that the TGF-β and BMP pathways play an opposing role. The cross-talk of these 2 pathways has been widely studied in kidney disease and bone formation, and the opposing effects have also been observed in some cancers. However, the antagonistic mechanisms are still insufficiently investigated in cancer. In this review, we aim to display more evidences and possible mechanisms accounting for the antagonism between these 2 pathways, which might provide some clues for further study in cancer. Describe the basics of TGF-β and BMP signalling Summarize the potential mechanisms accounting for the antagonism between TGF-β and BMP pathways Provide some evidence about the antagonistic effects between pathways observed in some cancers
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Ning
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, PR China; Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Advanced Computer Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yingnan Ye
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Jinpu Yu
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, PR China; Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, PR China.
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Yang M, Chen G, Zhang X, Guo Y, Yu Y, Tian L, Chang S, Chen ZK. Inhibition of class I HDACs attenuates renal interstitial fibrosis in a murine model. Pharmacol Res 2019; 142:192-204. [PMID: 30807866 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Renal interstitial fibrosis is the most common of all the forms of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Research has shown that histone deacetylases (HDACs) participate in the process leading to renal fibrosis. However, the effects of class I HDAC inhibitors on the mechanisms of onset and progression of renal interstitial fibrosis are still unclear. Here, we present the effects and mechanisms of action of FK228 (a selective inhibitor of class I HDACs) in the murine model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and in vitro models. We investigated the antifibrotic role of FK228 in a murine model of UUO. We used two key effector cell populations, rat renal interstitial fibroblasts and renal tubular epithelial cells exposed to recombinant transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), to explore the mechanistic pathways among in vitro models. The results indicated that FK228 significantly suppressed the production of extracellular matrix (ECM) in both in vivo and in vitro models. FK228 inhibited renal fibroblast activation and proliferation and increased the acetylation of histone H3. We found that FK228 also inhibited the small mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad) and non-Smad signaling pathways. So FK228 could significantly suppress renal interstitial fibrosis via Smad and non-Smad pathways. FK228 may be the basis for a new and effective medicine for alleviating renal fibrosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Gen Chen
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuliang Guo
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Tian
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Chang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhonghua Klaus Chen
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Armbrust T, Millis MP, Alvarez ML, Saremi A, DiStefano JK, Nourbakhsh M. CXCL4L1 Promoter Polymorphisms Are Associated with Improved Renal Function in Type 1 Diabetes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:912-919. [PMID: 30593538 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a recognized mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of renal dysfunction in type 1 diabetes. Evidence suggests that genetic factors modulate the expression of inflammatory genes, which may lead to an enhanced predisposition to developing renal complications in patients with diabetes. In this study, we examined 55 genetic variants from 16 human candidate inflammatory genes for associations with renal function expressed as the estimated glomerular filtration rate in 1540 participants from the Genetics of Kidneys in Diabetes study. We observed protective associations between three variants in the CXCL4L1 promoter (rs872914/A, rs941757/G, and rs941758/A) and renal function in patients with type 1 diabetes. In reporter gene assays, all three variants increased CXCL4L1 promoter activity in HEK293 cells stimulated with IL-1 and TNF-α. We performed overexpression and knockdown experiments in primary human mesangial cells to examine the glucose-mediated regulation of endogenous CXCL4L1 gene expression and signaling pathways. The mRNA and protein levels of CXCL4L1 increased in response to high glucose (30 mM) treatment. Overexpression of CXCL4L1 increased the endogenous expression of SMAD7 and IκBα, which are key inhibitory factors in renal inflammation. Knockdown of CXCL4L1 expression also resulted in reduced levels of SMAD7 and IκBα. Our findings suggest that CXCL4L1 promoter variants may protect against the development of renal inflammation in diabetes by increasing CXCL4L1 expression, which in turn activates the anti-inflammatory SMAD7 and IκBα factors in mesangial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabea Armbrust
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, RWTH University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | | | | | - Aramesh Saremi
- Carl T. Hayden Medical Research Foundation, Phoenix, AZ 85012
| | | | - Mahtab Nourbakhsh
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, RWTH University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
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miR-134 inhibits chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by targetting SMAD6. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20180921. [PMID: 30135141 PMCID: PMC6356013 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Various miRNAs have been reported to regulate the chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs); however, whether miR-134 plays a role in this biological process remains undetermined. In the present study, we first evaluated the chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs by Alcian blue staining, and examined the miR-134 expression by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) during this process. And miR-134 inhibitor was used to investigate the functions of miR-134 in chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs by Alcian blue staining, qRT-PCR, and Western blot. Subsequently, the correlation between miR-134 and SMAD6 was assessed via bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay. Finally, the role of SMAD6 in chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs was also determined through Alcian blue staining, qRT-PCR, and Western blot. As results showed that miR-134 expression was significantly down-regulated during chondrogenic differentiation, and inhibition of miR-134 obviously promoted chondrogenic differentiation. Dual-luciferase reporter assay indicated that miR-134 could directly target the 3′-UTRs of SMAD6, inhibit miR-134 expression in BMSCs, and up-regulate SMAD6 expression. Moreover, we found that overexpression of SMAD6 significantly promoted chondrogenic differentiation, and that SMAD6-induced promotion of chondrogenic differentiation could be reversed by miR-134 mimics. In conclusion, our findings suggest that miR-134 may act as a negative regulator during chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs by interacting with SMAD6.
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Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and related molecules in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:287-313. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20180438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Lee EH, Kim S, Choi MS, Yang H, Park SM, Oh HA, Moon KS, Han JS, Kim YB, Yoon S, Oh JH. Gene networking in colistin-induced nephrotoxicity reveals an adverse outcome pathway triggered by proteotoxic stress. Int J Mol Med 2019; 43:1343-1355. [PMID: 30628653 PMCID: PMC6365082 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Colistin has been widely used for the treatment of infections of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, despite the fact that it induces serious kidney injury as a side effect. To investigate the mechanism underlying its nephrotoxicity, colistin methanesulfonate sodium (CMS; 25 or 50 mg/kg) was administered via intraperitoneal injection to Sprague-Dawley rats daily over 7 days. Serum biochemistry and histopathology indicated that nephrotoxicity occurred in the rats administered with CMS. Whole-genome microarrays indicated 894 differentially expressed genes in the group treated with CMS (analysis of variance, false discovery rate <0.05, fold-change ≥1.3). Gene pathway and networking analyses revealed that genes associated with proteotoxic stress, including ribosome synthesis, protein translation, and protein folding, were significantly associated with the nephrotoxicity induced by CMS. It was found that colistin inhibited the expression of the target genes heat shock factor 1 and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2, which are associated with proteostasis, and that nephrotoxicity of CMS may be initiated by proteotoxic stress due to heat shock response inhibition, leading to oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, eventually leading to cell death. A putative adverse outcome pathway was constructed based on the integrated gene networking data, which may clarify the mode of action of colistin-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hee Lee
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojin Kim
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Sun Choi
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyoung Yang
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Myo Park
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-A Oh
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Sik Moon
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Seok Han
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bum Kim
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokjoo Yoon
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwa Oh
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
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131
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Histamine and diabetic nephropathy: an up-to-date overview. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:41-54. [PMID: 30606813 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The classification of diabetic nephropathy (DN) as a vascular complication of diabetes makes the possible involvement of histamine, an endogenous amine that is well known for its vasoactive properties, an interesting topic for study. The aim of the present review is to provide an extensive overview of the possible involvement of histamine in the onset and progression of DN. The evidence collected on the role of histamine in kidney function together with its well-known pleiotropic action suggest that this amine may act simultaneously on glomerular hyperfiltration, tubular inflammation, fibrosis development and tubular hypertrophy.
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132
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Meng XM. Inflammatory Mediators and Renal Fibrosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1165:381-406. [PMID: 31399975 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8871-2_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Renal inflammation is the initial, healthy response to renal injury. However, prolonged inflammation promotes the fibrosis process, which leads to chronic pathology and eventually end-stage kidney disease. There are two major sources of inflammatory cells: first, bone marrow-derived leukocytes that include neutrophils, macrophages, fibrocytes and mast cells, and second, locally activated kidney cells such as mesangial cells, podocytes, tubular epithelial cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts. These activated cells produce many profibrotic cytokines and growth factors that cause accumulation and activation of myofibroblasts, and enhance the production of the extracellular matrix. In particular, activated macrophages are key mediators that drive acute inflammation into chronic kidney disease. They produce large amounts of profibrotic factors and modify the microenvironment via a paracrine effect, and they also transdifferentiate to myofibroblasts directly, although the origin of myofibroblasts in the fibrosing kidney remains controversial. Collectively, understanding inflammatory cell functions and mechanisms during renal fibrosis is paramount to improving diagnosis and treatment of chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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133
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Effect of Kangxianling Decoction on Expression of TGF- β1/Smads and Extracellular Matrix Deposition. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:5813549. [PMID: 30713574 PMCID: PMC6332943 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5813549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Kangxianling (KXL) decoction is a traditional Chinese herbal formulation which has been used to treat early and midterm chronic renal failure. Renal fibrosis is a common characteristic of progressive chronic kidney diseases (CKD). The formation of renal fibrosis is caused by kidney trauma, infection, and immune response. The pathophysiological mechanism of renal fibrosis was mainly due to increased collagen synthesis in the kidney, decreased degradation, and a large amount of extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. The purpose of this study was intended to evaluate the effect of Kangxianling decoction on expression of TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway in renal fibrosis rats. 50 specific pathogen-free Sprague Dawley (SPF SD) rats were randomly divided into five groups: control group, sham group, 5/6 nephrectomy model group, 5/6 nephrectomy model plus KXL decoction (21g /kg) group, and 5/6 nephrectomy model plus Losartan Potassium (LP) (33.3 g/kg) group. The rats were all sacrificed after two months and the left kidney tissue was sampled. HE staining was used to observe the renal pathological changes and the score of kidney damage was made. Masson staining was used to observe the degree of renal fibrosis. Immunohistochemical staining, western blot, and qRT-PCR were used to detect the expression levels of related molecules in TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. The results suggested that KXL could lighten renal histopathology damage, downregulate the expression of TGF-β1 (transforming growth factor-β1), Smad2/3, CTGF (connective tissue growth factor), Collagen I, and Collagen III, and upregulate the expression level of Smad7.
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134
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Lu Z, Zhong Y, Liu W, Xiang L, Deng Y. The Efficacy and Mechanism of Chinese Herbal Medicine on Diabetic Kidney Disease. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:2697672. [PMID: 31534972 PMCID: PMC6732610 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2697672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes and is one of the main causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in many countries. The pathological features of DKD are the hypertrophy of mesangial cells, apoptosis of podocytes, glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickening, accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), glomerular sclerosis, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. The etiology of DKD is very complicated and many factors are involved, such as genetic factors, hyperglycemia, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, abnormalities of renal hemodynamics, and metabolism of vasoactive substances. Although some achievements have been made in the exploration of the pathogenesis of DKD, the currently available clinical treatment methods are still not completely effective in preventing the progress of DKD to ESRD. CHM composed of natural products has traditionally been used for symptom relief, which may offer new insights into therapeutic development of DKD. We will summarize the progress of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) in the treatment of DKD from two aspects. In clinical trials, the Chinese herbal formulas were efficacy and safety confirmed by the randomized controlled trials. In terms of experimental research, studies provided evidence for the efficacy of CHM from the perspectives of balancing metabolic disorders, reducing inflammatory response and oxidative stress, antifibrosis, protecting renal innate cells, and regulating microRNA and metabolism. CHM consisting of different ingredients may play a role in synergistic interactions and multiple target points in the treatment of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Lu
- The Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yifei Zhong
- The Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wangyi Liu
- The Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ling Xiang
- The Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yueyi Deng
- The Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
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135
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Meng XM, Mak TSK, Lan HY. Macrophages in Renal Fibrosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1165:285-303. [PMID: 31399970 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8871-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes/macrophages are highly involved in the process of renal injury, repair and fibrosis in many aspects of experimental and human renal diseases. Monocyte-derived macrophages, characterized by high heterogeneity and plasticity, are recruited, activated, and polarized in the whole process of renal fibrotic diseases in response to local microenvironment. As classically activated M1 or CD11b+/Ly6Chigh macrophages accelerate renal injury by producing pro-inflammatory factors like tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) and interleukins, alternatively activated M2 or CD11b+/Ly6Cintermediate macrophages may contribute to kidney repair by exerting anti-inflammation and wound healing functions. However, uncontrolled M2 macrophages or CD11b+/Ly6Clow macrophages promote renal fibrosis via paracrine effects or direct transition to myofibroblast-like cells via the process of macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition (MMT). In this regard, therapeutic strategies targeting monocyte/macrophage recruitment, activation, and polarization should be emphasized in the treatment of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Thomas Shiu-Kwong Mak
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and Lui Chi Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and Lui Chi Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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136
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Myofibroblast in Kidney Fibrosis: Origin, Activation, and Regulation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1165:253-283. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8871-2_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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137
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Abstract
The main cellular constituents in glomerular mesangium are mesangial cells, which account for approximately 30-40% of the total cells in the glomerulus. Together with the mesangial matrix, mesangial cells form the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) in the glomerulus, whose main function is to perform the filtration. Under the pathologic conditions, mesangial cells are activated, leading to hyperproliferation and excess extracellular matrix (ECM). Moreover, mesangial cells also secrete several kinds of inflammatory cytokines, adhesion molecules, chemokines, and enzymes, all of which participate in the process of renal glomerular fibrosis. During the past years, researchers have revealed the roles of mesangial cells and the associated signal pathways involved in renal fibrosis. In this section, we will discuss how mesangial cells are activated and its contributions to renal fibrosis, as well as the molecular mechanisms and novel anti-fibrotic agents. Full understanding of the contributions of mesangial cells to renal fibrosis will benefit the clinical drug developing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hong Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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138
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A Glimpse of the Mechanisms Related to Renal Fibrosis in Diabetic Nephropathy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1165:49-79. [PMID: 31399961 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8871-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common kidney disease in people with diabetes, which is also a serious microvascular complication of diabetes and the main cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in developed and developing countries. Renal fibrosis is a finally pathological change in DN. Nevertheless, the relevant mechanism of cause to renal fibrosis in DN is still complex. In this review, we summarized that the role of cell growth factors, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the renal fibrosis of DN, we also highlighted the miRNA and inflammatory cells, such as macrophage, T lymphocyte, and mastocyte modulate the progression of DN. In addition, there are certain other mechanisms that may yet be conclusively defined. Recent studies demonstrated that some of the new signaling pathways or molecules, such as Notch, Wnt, mTOR, Epac-Rap-1 pathway, may play a pivotal role in the modulation of ECM accumulation and renal fibrosis in DN. This review aims to elucidate the mechanism of renal fibrosis in DN and has provided new insights into possible therapeutic interventions to inhibit renal fibrosis and delay the development of DN.
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139
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Peng F, Li H, Li S, Wang Y, Liu W, Gong W, Yin B, Chen S, Zhang Y, Luo C, Zhou W, Chen Y, Li P, Huang Q, Xu Z, Long H. Micheliolide ameliorates renal fibrosis by suppressing the Mtdh/BMP/MAPK pathway. J Transl Med 2019; 99:1092-1106. [PMID: 30976056 PMCID: PMC6760645 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0245-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Micheliolide (MCL), derived from parthenolide (PTL), is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and has multiple roles in inflammatory diseases and tumours. To investigate its effect on renal disease, we intragastrically administrated DMAMCL, a dimethylamino Michael adduct of MCL for in vivo use, in two renal fibrosis models-the unilateral ureteral occlusion (UUO) model and an ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) model and used MCL in combination with transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) on mouse tubular epithelial cells (mTEC) in vitro. The expression of fibrotic markers (fibronectin and α-SMA) was remarkably reduced, while the expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin was restored after DMAMCL treatment both in the UUO and IRI mice. MCL function in TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in mTEC was consistent with the in vivo results. Metadherin (Mtdh) was activated in the fibrotic condition, suggesting that it might be involved in fibrogenesis. Interestingly, we found that while Mtdh was upregulated in the fibrotic condition, DMAMCL/MCL could suppress its expression. The overexpression of Mtdh exerted a pro-fibrotic effect by modulating the BMP/MAPK pathway in mTECs, and MCL could specifically reverse this effect. In conclusion, DMAMCL/MCL treatment represents a novel and effective therapy for renal fibrosis by suppressing the Mtdh/BMP/MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen Peng
- 0000 0004 1771 3058grid.417404.2Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280 China
| | - Hongyu Li
- 0000 0004 1771 3058grid.417404.2Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280 China
| | - Shuting Li
- 0000 0004 1771 3058grid.417404.2Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280 China
| | - Yuxian Wang
- 0000 0000 8877 7471grid.284723.8Department of Gerontology, ZhuJiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280 China
| | - Wenting Liu
- 0000 0004 1771 3058grid.417404.2Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280 China
| | - Wangqiu Gong
- 0000 0004 1771 3058grid.417404.2Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280 China
| | - Bohui Yin
- 0000 0004 1771 3058grid.417404.2Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280 China
| | - Sijia Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, 410000 China
| | - Ying Zhang
- 0000 0000 8653 1072grid.410737.6Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260 China
| | - Congwei Luo
- 0000 0004 1771 3058grid.417404.2Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280 China
| | - Weidong Zhou
- 0000 0004 1771 3058grid.417404.2Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280 China
| | - Yihua Chen
- 0000 0004 1771 3058grid.417404.2Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280 China
| | - Peilin Li
- 0000 0004 1771 3058grid.417404.2Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280 China
| | - Qianyin Huang
- 0000 0004 1771 3058grid.417404.2Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280 China
| | - Zhaozhong Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
| | - Haibo Long
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
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140
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Yang Y, Feng X, Liu X, Wang Y, Hu M, Cao Q, Zhang Z, Zhao L, Zhang J, Guo R, Wang H, Qiao X, Wang L, Zheng G. Fate alteration of bone marrow-derived macrophages ameliorates kidney fibrosis in murine model of unilateral ureteral obstruction. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2018; 34:1657-1668. [PMID: 30590718 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfy381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundRenal fibrosis is a key pathological feature and final common pathway leading to end-stage kidney failure in many chronic kidney diseases. Myofibroblast is the master player in renal fibrosis. However, myofibroblasts are heterogeneous. Recent studies show that bone marrow-derived macrophages transform into myofibroblasts by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-induced macrophage–myofibroblast transition (MMT) in renal fibrosis.MethodsTGF-β signaling was redirected by inhibition of β-catenin/T-cell factor (TCF) to increase β-catenin/Foxo in bone marrow-derived macrophages. A kidney fibrosis model of unilateral ureteral obstruction was performed in EGFP bone marrow chimera mouse. MMT was examined by flow cytometry analysis of GFP+F4/80+α-SMA+ cells from unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) kidney, and by immunofluorescent staining of bone marrow-derived macrophages in vitro. Inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines were analysis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsInhibition of β-catenin/TCF by ICG-001 combined with TGF-β1 treatment increased β-catenin/Foxo1, reduced the MMT and inflammatory cytokine production by bone marrow-derived macrophages, and thereby, reduced kidney fibrosis in the UUO model.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that diversion of β-catenin from TCF to Foxo1-mediated transcription not only inhibits the β-catenin/TCF-mediated fibrotic effect of TGF-β, but also enhances its anti-inflammatory action, allowing therapeutic use of TGF-β to reduce both inflammation and fibrosis at least partially by changing the fate of bone marrow-derived macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojian Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Hu
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Qi Cao
- The Research Center for Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziyan Zhang
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linxia Zhao
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianlin Zhang
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Guo
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Qiao
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoping Zheng
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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141
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Bone morphogenetic protein‐7 incorporated polycaprolactone scaffold has a great potential to improve survival and proliferation rate of the human embryonic kidney cells. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:9859-9868. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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142
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Zhang HF, Wang YL, Gao C, Gu YT, Huang J, Wang JH, Wang JH, Zhang Z. Salvianolic acid A attenuates kidney injury and inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways in 5/6 nephrectomized rats. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:1855-1864. [PMID: 29795135 PMCID: PMC6289371 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0026-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvianolic acid A (SAA) is a minor phenolic carboxylic acid extracted from Salviae miltiorrhizae Bunge (Danshen). SAA exhibits a variety of pharmacological activities, such as antioxidative, anti-thrombotic, neuroprotective, and anti-fibrotic effects, as well as protection from myocardial ischemia and prevention of diabetes and other diseases. Furthermore, SAA has shown renal-protective effects in doxorubicin-induced nephropathy. However, there has been limited research regarding the effects of SAA and underlying mechanisms in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Here, we examined the effects and molecular mechanisms of SAA in an established animal model of 5/6 nephrectomized (5/6Nx) rats. The rats were injected with SAA (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg per day, intraperitoneally (ip)) for 28 days. SAA dose-dependently lowered the levels of urine protein, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, plasma total cholesterol, and plasma triglycerides in 5/6Nx rats. Histological examination revealed that SAA dose-dependently attenuated renal pathological lesions, evidenced by reduced renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis by decreasing the expression levels of tumor growth factor-β1 and α-smooth muscle actin in 5/6Nx rats. Moreover, SAA dose-dependently inhibited the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, subsequently attenuating the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β and inhibiting the expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in kidneys of 5/6Nx rats. The above results were consistent with those obtained in lipopolysaccharide-induced HK-2 cells in vitro (a recognized in vitro inflammatory model). In conclusion, our results demonstrated that SAA effectively attenuates kidney injury in 5/6Nx rats. The therapeutic effects of SAA on kidney injury can be attributed to its anti-inflammatory activities through inhibition of the activation of the NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Feng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yan-Li Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Cheng Gao
- Department of Physiology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yan-Ting Gu
- Department of Physiology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Jin-Hui Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Jia-Hong Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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143
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Vigolo E, Markó L, Hinze C, Müller DN, Schmidt-Ullrich R, Schmidt-Ott KM. Canonical BMP signaling in tubular cells mediates recovery after acute kidney injury. Kidney Int 2018; 95:108-122. [PMID: 30447934 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling has been shown to modulate the development of renal fibrosis in animal models of kidney injury, but the downstream mediators are incompletely understood. In wild-type mice, canonical BMP signaling mediated by SMAD1/5/8 transcription factors was constitutively active in healthy renal tubules, transiently down-regulated after ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI), and reactivated during successful tubular regeneration. We then induced IRI in mice with a tubular-specific BMP receptor 1A (BMPR1A) deletion. These mice failed to reactivate SMAD1/5/8 signaling in the post-ischemic phase and developed renal fibrosis after injury. Using unbiased genomic analyses, we identified three genes encoding inhibitor of DNA-binding (ID) proteins (Id1, Id2, and Id4) as key targets of BMPR1A-SMAD1/5/8 signaling. BMPR1A-deficient mice failed to re-induce these targets following IRI. Instead, BMPR1A-deficiency resulted in activation of pro-fibrotic signaling proteins that are normally repressed by ID proteins, namely, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and cell cycle inhibitor p27. These data indicate that the post-ischemic activation of canonical BMP signaling acts endogenously to repress pro-fibrotic signaling in tubular cells and may help to prevent the progression of acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Vigolo
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lajos Markó
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and the Charité Medical Faculty, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Hinze
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik N Müller
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and the Charité Medical Faculty, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ruth Schmidt-Ullrich
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai M Schmidt-Ott
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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144
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Yao H, Ge T, Zhang Y, Li M, Yang S, Li H, Wang F. BMP7 antagonizes proliferative vitreoretinopathy through retinal pigment epithelial fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. FASEB J 2018; 33:3212-3224. [PMID: 30383450 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800858rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The major pathogenesis of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is that retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) because of disordered growth factors, such as TGF-β, in the vitreous humor. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are pluripotent growth factors. In this study, we identified the antifibrotic activity of BMP7 in a PVR model both in vivo and in vitro. BMP7 expression was confirmed on the PVR proliferative membranes. BMP7 was down-regulated in the PVR vitreous humor and TGF-β-induced RPE cell EMT. In the in vivo studies, BMP7 injection attenuated PVR progression in the eyes of the rabbit model. Additionally, BMP7 treatment maintained RPE cell phenotypes and relieved TGF-β2-induced EMT, migration, and gel contraction in vitro. BMP7 inhibited the TGF-β2-induced up-regulation of fibronectin and α-smooth muscle actin and the down-regulation of E-cadherin and zona occludens-1 by balancing the TGF-β2/Smad2/3 and BMP7/Smad1/5/9 pathways. These findings provide direct evidence of the ability of BMP7 in PVR inhibition and the potential of BMP7 for use in PVR therapeutic intervention.-Yao, H., Ge, T., Zhang, Y., Li, M., Yang, S., Li, H., Wang, F. BMP7 antagonizes proliferative vitreoretinopathy through retinal pigment epithelial fibrosis in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipei Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tandi Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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145
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LncRNAs in TGF-β-Driven Tissue Fibrosis. Noncoding RNA 2018; 4:ncrna4040026. [PMID: 30287731 PMCID: PMC6315857 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna4040026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a crucial mediator in tissue fibrosis that promotes accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), myofibroblasts to epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT), and apoptosis via canonical and noncanonical signaling pathways. In the past decades, a number of microRNAs have been reported to participate in TGF-β-mediated tissue scarring; however, the roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in fibrogenesis remain largely unknown. Recently, emerging evidence has shown that lncRNAs are involved in the development of different diseases, including cancer, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and fibrotic diseases. In this review, we summarize the current updates of lncRNAs in TGF-β1-driven tissue fibrosis and discuss their therapeutic potential for the treatment of chronic fibrotic diseases.
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146
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Zhang S, Gong Y, Xiao J, Chai Y, Lei J, Huang H, Xiang T, Shen W. A COL1A1 Promoter-Controlled Expression of TGF-β Soluble Receptor Inhibits Hepatic Fibrosis Without Triggering Autoimmune Responses. Dig Dis Sci 2018; 63:2662-2672. [PMID: 29934723 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-5168-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soluble TGF-β1 type II receptor (sTβRII) via TGF-β1 inhibition could inhibit hepatic fibrosis, but over-dosage triggers autoimmune responses. AIM To test whether the use of a TGF-β1-responsive collagen I promoter COL1A1, via generating a feedback loop to TGF-β1 level, could offer accurate control on sTβRII expression. METHODS Recombinant adenoviruses with COL1A1 (Ad-COL-sTβRII/Luc) or CMV promoter (Ad-CMV-sTβRII/Luc) were constructed and characterized. Inhibition of TGF-β activity was determined both in vitro and in vivo. Total and bioactive TGF-β, hepatic fibrosis scale, α-SMA, collagen levels, and liver function were determined. RESULTS COL1A1, but not CMV, responded to TGF-β1 in vitro. Both in vitro and in vivo, Ad-COL-sTβRII could significantly, but not completely inhibit TGF-β1 activity while Ad-CMV-sTβRII almost completely inhibited TGF-β1 activity. As evidenced by fibrosis scale, α-SMA, and collagen levels in liver tissue, Ad-COL-sTβRII and Ad-CMV-sTβRII had comparable efficacies in treating hepatic fibrosis. Ad-COL-sTβRII was better than Ad-CMV-sTβRII in liver function restore. Ad-CMV-sTβRII, but not Ad-COL-sTβRII, induced high level of anti-dsDNA and anti-Sm antibodies in rats. CONCLUSIONS COL1A1 can precisely control sTβRII expression to inhibit excessive bioactive TGF-β level and thus inhibit hepatic fibrosis but without inducing autoimmune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouhua Zhang
- Department of Comprehensive Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.,Department of General Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yuanqi Gong
- Department of Comprehensive Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.,Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Juhua Xiao
- Department of Ultrasound, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yong Chai
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Jun Lei
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Tianxin Xiang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwai Road, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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147
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Deng J, Kong W, Mou X, Wang S, Zeng W. Identifying novel candidate biomarkers of RCC based on WGCNA analysis. Per Med 2018; 15:381-394. [PMID: 30259787 DOI: 10.2217/pme-2017-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM Extracting differential expression genes (DEGs) is an effective approach to improve the accuracy of determining the candidate biomarker genes. However, the previous DEGs analysis methods ignore that the expression levels of genes in different pathology stages of cancers are complex and various. METHODS In our study, staging DEGs analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis were applied to gene expression data of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). RESULTS According to construct gene topology network for exploring hub genes, 12 genes were identified as hub genes. CONCLUSION Combining with the effect of hub gene expression level on RCC patient survival and different biological data analysis, three hub genes were found that they might be three novel candidate biomarkers of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Deng
- College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, 1550 Haigang Ave., Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Wei Kong
- College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, 1550 Haigang Ave., Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Xiaoyang Mou
- Department of Biochemistry, Rowan University & Guava Medicine, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Shuaiqun Wang
- College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, 1550 Haigang Ave., Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Weiming Zeng
- College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, 1550 Haigang Ave., Shanghai 201306, PR China
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148
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Zhang ZH, Li MH, Liu D, Chen H, Chen DQ, Tan NH, Ma SC, Zhao YY. Rhubarb Protect Against Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis by Inhibiting TGF-β/Smad Pathway and Improving Abnormal Metabolome in Chronic Kidney Disease. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1029. [PMID: 30271345 PMCID: PMC6146043 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubulointerstitial fibrosis is the final common pathway for all kidney diseases leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD). TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway plays a key role in renal fibrosis. Previous studies have revealed that rhubarb extracts attenuated the increase of transforming growth factor-β 1 (TGF-β1) in CKD rats. To gain an in-depth insight into the mechanism of the anti-fibrotic activities of the rhubarb extracts, we investigated the influence of rhubarb extracts on TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and the influence on metabolome in a rat model of CKD with adenine-induced chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups, including control, CKD, CKD + petroleum ether extract, CKD + ethyl acetate extract, and CKD + n-butanol extract groups. Kidneys harvested on the week three were evaluated for renal fibrosis, the expression of proteins in TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and metabolomic study. We found rhubarb extracts suppressed TGF-β/Smad3-mediated renal fibrosis by reducing the TGF-β1, transforming growth factor-β receptor I (TGF-β RI), transforming growth factor-β receptor II (TGF-β RII), Smad2, p-Smad2, Smad3, p-Smad3, and Smad4, meanwhile increased Smad7. In addition, rhubarb extracts mitigated renal injury and dysfunction, and either fully or partially reversed the abnormalities of tissue metabolites. Thus, rebalancing the disorder of TGF-β/Smad signaling and metabolic dysfunction by treatment with rhubarb extracts may represent as an effective therapy for CKD associated with fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming-Hua Li
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, State Food and Drug Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dan-Qian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ning-Hua Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuang-Cheng Ma
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, State Food and Drug Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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149
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Mechanisms of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-7 Protective Effects Against Cold Ischemia-Induced Renal Injury in Rats. Transplant Proc 2018; 50:3822-3830. [PMID: 30577274 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Deceased donor kidneys are exposed to cold ischemic insult which makes them particularly susceptible to the effects of cold ischemic injury during hypothermic preservation resulting in high rates of delayed graft function. Bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) is a valuable reagent in the field of tissue regeneration and preservation under ischemic conditions. Following these insights, we investigated the effect of recombinant human BMP-7 (rhBMP-7) on graft preservation during cold ischemia. The study was conducted on an experimental model of kidney cold ischemia in rats. Kidneys were perfused with University of Wisconsin (UW) saline solution, rhBMP-7, or rhBMP-7 + UW, and exposed to cold ischemia for 6, 12, and 24 hours. In tubular epithelial cells of kidneys perfused with rhBMP-7 and rhBMP-7+UW solution, the expression of BMP-7 and E-cadherin was observed after 24 hours of cold ischemia. In kidneys not perfused with rhBMP-7, high expression of transforming growth factor-β and α-smooth muscle actin was found. Also, in kidneys perfused with rhBMP-7 solution, statistically higher levels of Smad1, Smad5, and Smad8 messenger RNA expressions were proven. BMP-7 maintains the morphology of kidney tissue better than UW solution during 24 hours of cold ischemia. BMP-7 prevents epithelial to mesenchymal transformation and consequently maintains epithelial phenotype of tubular cells.
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150
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Gholaminejad A, Abdul Tehrani H, Gholami Fesharaki M. Identification of candidate microRNA biomarkers in diabetic nephropathy: a meta-analysis of profiling studies. J Nephrol 2018; 31:813-831. [PMID: 30019103 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-018-0511-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim was to perform a meta-analysis on the miRNA expression profiling studies in diabetic nephropathy (DN) to identify candidate diagnostic biomarkers. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was done in several databases and 53 DN miRNA expression studies were selected. To identify significant DN-miR meta-signatures, two meta-analysis methods were employed: vote-counting strategy and the robust rank aggregation method. The targets of DN-miRs were obtained and a gene set enrichment analysis was carried out to identify the pathways most strongly affected by dysregulation of these miRNAs. RESULTS We identified a significant miRNA meta-signature common to both meta-analysis approaches of three up-regulated (miR-21-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-10a-5p) and two down-regulated (miR-25-3p and miR-26a-5p) miRNAs. Besides that, subgroup analyses divided and compared the differentially expressed miRNAs according to species (human and animal), types of diabetes (T1DN and T2DN) and tissue types (kidney, blood and urine). Enrichment analysis confirmed that DN-miRs supportively target functionally related genes in signaling and community pathways in DN. CONCLUSION Five highly significant and consistently dysregulated miRNAs were identified, and future studies should focus on discovering their potential effect on DN and their clinical value as DN biomarkers and therapeutic mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alieh Gholaminejad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal Al Ahmad Street, No. 7, P.O. Box 14115-111, Tehran, Tehran Province, Iran
| | - Hossein Abdul Tehrani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal Al Ahmad Street, No. 7, P.O. Box 14115-111, Tehran, Tehran Province, Iran.
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