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Tsialtas D, Bolognesi MG, Assimopoulos S, Aldigeri R, Volpi R, Bolognesi R. Clinical, Electrocardiographic, and Echocardiographic Features in Hospitalized Nonagenarians (90+): Comparison between the Genders. Gerontology 2019; 65:485-494. [PMID: 31112977 DOI: 10.1159/000497812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the clinical, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic determinants of the cardiac status in nonagenarian patients. METHODS We consecutively examined 654 Caucasian patients (232 males and 422 females) aged ≥90 years. All patients underwent clinical examination, ECG, and transthoracic echocardiography. RESULTS Their average age was 92.5 ± 2.5 years. Patients were predominately female of older age (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.02, respectively). A history of cardiovascular disease was present in 78.4% of the participants. One third of the patients was hospitalized for cardiovascular causes, with females being twice as many (p < 0.0001). Females showed higher levels of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and glycemia (p < 0.0001, p< 0.0001, and p = 0.04 respectively). Sinus rhythm was detected in 65%, and atrial fibrillation in 31% of the overall population. Heart rate, PR and corrected QT (QTc) intervals, right bundle branch block (RBBB) and RBBB associated with left anterior fascicular block (LAFB) were higher in males (p < 0.0001, p = 0.036, p = 0.009, p = 0.001, and p = 0.004, respectively). Aortic root dimension, left ventricular (LV) mass index, and indexed LV systolic-diastolic volumes were higher in males (p < 0.001, p < 0.0001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.0001, respectively). Women showed fewer LV segmental kinetic disorders (p = 0009) and higher LV ejection fraction (LVEF; p< 0.0001). Hyperuricemia was positively associated with a history of cardiovascular disease (r = 0.15), glycemia (r = 19), creatininemia (r = 0.50), uremia (r = 0.51), triglycerides (r = 0.19), PR interval (r = 0.14), and left bundle branch block (r = 0.11), and inversely associated with sinus rhythm (r = -0.14) and LVEF (r = -0.17). Diabetes was positively correlated with PR and QTc intervals (r = 0.14 and r = 0.10, respectively), and RBBB with LFAB (r = 0.10), and inversely correlated with LVEF (r = -0.10). CONCLUSIONS We found a remarkable presence of cardiovascular risk factors, ECG, and structural alterations in hospitalized nonagenarians, which presents more commonly in males.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Riccardo Volpi
- Department of Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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102
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Ageing Investigation Using Two-Time-Point Metabolomics Data from KORA and CARLA Studies. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9030044. [PMID: 30841604 PMCID: PMC6468431 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9030044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing, one of the largest risk factors for many complex diseases, is highly interconnected to metabolic processes. Investigating the changes in metabolite concentration during ageing among healthy individuals offers us unique insights to healthy ageing. We aim to identify ageing-associated metabolites that are independent from chronological age to deepen our understanding of the long-term changes in metabolites upon ageing. Sex-stratified longitudinal analyses were performed using fasting serum samples of 590 healthy KORA individuals (317 women and 273 men) who participated in both baseline (KORA S4) and seven-year follow-up (KORA F4) studies. Replication was conducted using serum samples of 386 healthy CARLA participants (195 women and 191 men) in both baseline (CARLA-0) and four-year follow-up (CARLA-1) studies. Generalized estimation equation models were performed on each metabolite to identify ageing-associated metabolites after adjusting for baseline chronological age, body mass index, physical activity, smoking status, alcohol intake and systolic blood pressure. Literature researches were conducted to understand their biochemical relevance. Out of 122 metabolites analysed, we identified and replicated five (C18, arginine, ornithine, serine and tyrosine) and four (arginine, ornithine, PC aa C36:3 and PC ae C40:5) significant metabolites in women and men respectively. Arginine decreased, while ornithine increased in both sexes. These metabolites are involved in several ageing processes: apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, lipid metabolism, autophagy and oxidative stress resistance. The study reveals several significant ageing-associated metabolite changes with two-time-point measurements on healthy individuals. Larger studies are required to confirm our findings.
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103
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Moura J, Madureira P, Leal EC, Fonseca AC, Carvalho E. Immune aging in diabetes and its implications in wound healing. Clin Immunol 2019; 200:43-54. [PMID: 30735729 PMCID: PMC7322932 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Immune systems have evolved to recognize and eliminate pathogens and damaged cells. In humans, it is estimated to recognize 109 epitopes and natural selection ensures that clonally expanded cells replace unstimulated cells and overall immune cell numbers remain stationary. But, with age, it faces continuous repertoire restriction and concomitant accumulation of primed cells. Changes shaping the aging immune system have bitter consequences because, as inflammatory responses gain intensity and duration, tissue-damaging immunity and inflammatory disease arise. During inflammation, the glycolytic flux cannot cope with increasing ATP demands, limiting the immune response's extent. In diabetes, higher glucose availability stretches the glycolytic limit, dysregulating proteostasis and increasing T-cell expansion. Long-term hyperglycemia exerts an accumulating effect, leading to higher inflammatory cytokine levels and increased cytotoxic mediator secretion upon infection, a phenomenon known as diabetic chronic inflammation. Here we review the etiology of diabetic chronic inflammation and its consequences on wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Moura
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; INEB - Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - P Madureira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Immunethep, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - E C Leal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A C Fonseca
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - E Carvalho
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação Interdisciplinar, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
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104
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Limbert G, Masen MA, Pond D, Graham HK, Sherratt MJ, Jobanputra R, McBride A. Biotribology of the ageing skin—Why we should care. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotri.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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105
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Di Benedetto S, Gaetjen M, Müller L. The Modulatory Effect of Gender and Cytomegalovirus-Seropositivity on Circulating Inflammatory Factors and Cognitive Performance in Elderly Individuals. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040990. [PMID: 30823516 PMCID: PMC6412896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a chronic increase in the systemic levels of inflammatory cytokines even in ostensibly healthy individuals. The drivers of age-related increase in systemic inflammation are unclear but one potential contributor may be a persistent infection with Cytomegalovirus (CMV). In this study, we characterized the inflammatory status of 161 older participants recruited to undergo a six-month training intervention. We investigated the influence of gender and CMV-seropositivity on the main inflammatory and anti-inflammatory circulating biomarkers, such as cytokines, receptor antagonist, soluble receptor, immune cells, and relevant metabolic markers. We found that both gender and CMV-seropositivity modulate circulating peripheral biomarkers, and that CMV-infection modifies associations among the latter. Moreover, we observed an interaction between CMV-serostatus and gender associations with cognitive abilities: gender differences in fluid intelligence (Gf) and working memory (WM) were noted only in CMV-negative individuals. Finally, we found that in the CMV-seronegative participants Gf, episodic memory (EM), and WM correlated negatively with pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor (TNF); and EM correlated positively with anti-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-10. In CMV-seropositive individuals EM and Gf correlated negatively with pro-inflammatory IL-6, while EM, Gf, and WM correlated negatively with anti-inflammatory IL-1RA. We conclude that both CMV-serostatus and gender may modulate neuroimmune factors, cognitive performance and the relationship between the two domains and should therefore be considered in comparative and interventional studies with elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Di Benedetto
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
- Center for Medical Research, University of Tübingen, Waldhörnlestr. 22, 72072 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Marcel Gaetjen
- Becton Dickinson Biosciences, Tullastr. 8-12, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Ludmila Müller
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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106
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De Rango F, Crocco P, Iannone F, Saiardi A, Passarino G, Dato S, Rose G. Inositol Polyphosphate Multikinase ( IPMK), a Gene Coding for a Potential Moonlighting Protein, Contributes to Human Female Longevity. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10020125. [PMID: 30744060 PMCID: PMC6410091 DOI: 10.3390/genes10020125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Biogerontological research highlighted a complex and dynamic connection between aging, health and longevity, partially determined by genetic factors. Multifunctional proteins with moonlighting features, by integrating different cellular activities in the space and time, may explain part of this complexity. Inositol Polyphosphate Multikinase (IPMK) is a potential moonlighting protein performing multiple unrelated functions. Initially identified as a key enzyme for inositol phosphates synthesis, small messengers regulating many aspects of cell physiology, IPMK is now implicated in a number of metabolic pathways affecting the aging process. IPMK regulates basic transcription, telomere homeostasis, nutrient-sensing, metabolism and oxidative stress. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the genetic variability of IPMK may affect human longevity. Single-SNP (single nuclear polymorphism), haplotype-based association tests as well as survival analysis pointed to the relevance of six out of fourteen genotyped SNPs for female longevity. In particular, haplotype analysis refined the association highlighting two SNPs, rs2790234 and rs6481383, as major contributing variants for longevity in women. Our work, the first to investigate the association between variants of IPMK and longevity, supports IPMK as a novel gender-specific genetic determinant of human longevity, playing a role in the complex network of genetic factors involved in human survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco De Rango
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.
| | - Paolina Crocco
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.
| | - Francesca Iannone
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.
| | - Adolfo Saiardi
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Giuseppe Passarino
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.
| | - Serena Dato
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Rose
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.
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107
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Das A. Loneliness does (not) have cardiometabolic effects: A longitudinal study of older adults in two countries. Soc Sci Med 2019; 223:104-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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108
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Causes of death across categories of estimated glomerular filtration rate: The Stockholm CREAtinine Measurements (SCREAM) project. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209440. [PMID: 30650090 PMCID: PMC6334920 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Reduced kidney function increases the risk of death, but there is limited information on causes of death across stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We aimed to identify leading causes of death in community-dwelling individuals with differing kidney function. Methods Observational analysis from SCREAM, a healthcare utilization cohort of Stockholm, Sweden. We included all individuals who died during 2006–2012 and had one serum creatinine measured in the year prior to death. Using the CKD-EPI formula, we calculated eGFR and stratified individuals according to CKD stages. Causes of death were classified as cardiovascular (CVD), cancer, infection and other, using ICD-10 codes. We compared age- and sex-adjusted differences in the proportions of deaths from each cause. Results Out of 89,117 registered deaths, 70,547 (79%) had a recent eGFR estimation and were included in this study. Individuals had a median age of 82 (IRE 62–93) years and 52% were women. The proportions of deaths from CVD increased with lower eGFR, along with the proportion of deaths from infections. Deaths due to diabetes and genito-urinary diseases increased. Deaths due to cancer decreased, but other death causes did not vary. Within CVD causes of death, the proportion of arrhythmias and heart failure increased, but ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease remained stable. Conclusion In a region-representative Swedish healthcare extraction, we observe differences regarding specific causes of death across different CKD stages. Increasing patient and provider awareness of this differential pattern of risk may have benefits for patient management, prevention strategies, and health service planning.
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Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study is to examine unmet health care needs among midlife women (ages 50-64 years) in the United States by level of psychological distress. Method: Using data for a nationally representative sample of midlife women (N = 8,838) from the 2015-2016 National Health Interview Survey, we estimated odds ratios of reasons for delayed care and types of care foregone by level of psychological distress-none, moderate (moderate psychological distress [MPD], and severe (severe psychological distress [SPD]). Findings: More than one in five midlife women had MPD (15.3%) or SPD (5.2%). Women with MPD or SPD had 2 to 5 times higher odds of delayed and 2 to 20 times higher odds of foregone care. Conclusions: Midlife women with psychological distress have poorer health than those with no distress, yet they are less likely to get needed health care. There is a missed window of opportunity to address mental health needs and manage comorbid chronic conditions to facilitate healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Judy Jou
- California State University, Long Beach, USA
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110
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Zhang X, Dupre ME, Qiu L, Zhou W, Zhao Y, Gu D. Age and sex differences in the association between access to medical care and health outcomes among older Chinese. BMC Health Serv Res 2018; 18:1004. [PMID: 30594183 PMCID: PMC6310939 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-018-3821-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether the association between access to medical care and health outcomes differs by age and gender among older adults in China is unclear. We aimed to investigate the associations between self-reported inadequate access to care and multiple health outcomes among older men and women in mainland China. METHODS Based on four latest waves available so far from a national longitudinal study in mainland China in 2005-2014, we used multilevel random-effect logistic models to estimate the contemporaneous relationships between inadequate access to care and disabilities in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and cognitive impairment in men and women at ages 65-74, 75-84, 85-94, and 95+, separately. We also used multilevel hazard models to investigate the relationships between reported access to care and mortality in 2005-2014. Nested models were used to adjust for survey design, sociodemographic background, enrollment in health insurance, and health behaviors. RESULTS Approximately 6.5% of older adults in China reported inadequate access to care in the period of 2005-2014; and the percentages increased with age and were higher among women at older ages (≥75 years). Overall, older adults with self-reported inadequate access to care had greater odds of IADL and ADL disabilities and cognitive impairment than those with adequate access to healthcare. The elevated odds ratios (ORs) in men were higher in middle-old (75-84) and old-old (85-94) age groups compared to other age groups; whereas the elevated ORs in women were higher in young-old (65-74) and middle-old (75-84) age groups. The relationship between access to care and the health outcomes was generally weakest at the oldest-old ages (95+). Inadequate access to care was also linked with higher mortality risk, primarily in adults aged 75-84, and it was somewhat more pronounced in women than in men. CONCLUSIONS Increased odds of physical disability and cognitive impairment and increased risk of mortality are linked with inadequate access to care. The associations were generally stronger in women than in men and varied across age groups. The findings of the present study have important implications for further improving access to health care and improving health outcomes of older adults in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufan Zhang
- Ginling Colleague, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Matthew E. Dupre
- Department of Population Health Sciences and Department of Sociology, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Li Qiu
- Independent Researcher, New York, NY USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Ginling Colleague, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- School of Geographical Science Ginling College, Nanjing Normal University, and Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application Nanjing, Nanjing, China
| | - Danan Gu
- United Nations Population Division, Two UN Plaza, New York, NY DC2-1910 USA
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111
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Serbezov D, Balabanski L, Hadjidekova S, Toncheva D. Genomics of longevity: recent insights from research on centenarians. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2018.1532317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitar Serbezov
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lubomir Balabanski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Assisted Reproduction Clinic “Dr. Malinov”, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Savina Hadjidekova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Draga Toncheva
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Assisted Reproduction Clinic “Dr. Malinov”, Sofia, Bulgaria
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112
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Tapia Rico G, Karapetis C, Townsend AR, Piantadosi C, Padbury R, Roy A, Maddern G, Moore J, Carruthers S, Roder D, Price TJ. Do we know what to do with our nonagenarian and centenarian patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC)? Results from the South Australian mCRC registry. Acta Oncol 2018; 57:1455-1457. [PMID: 29775123 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2018.1473640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Tapia Rico
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Christos Karapetis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Amanda R. Townsend
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Rob Padbury
- Department of Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Amitesh Roy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Guy Maddern
- Department of Surgery, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
- Surgery, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - James Moore
- Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - David Roder
- Epidemiology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Timothy J. Price
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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113
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Ferreira FR, César CC, Andrade FBD, Souza Junior PRBD, Lima-Costa MF, Proietti FA. Aspects of social participation and neighborhood perception: ELSI-Brazil. Rev Saude Publica 2018; 52Suppl 2:18s. [PMID: 30379291 PMCID: PMC6255139 DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2018052000647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of the physical and social surroundings of the neighborhood, which are presented as facilitators or barriers for the social participation of Brazilian older adults. METHODS The study was conducted in a probabilistic representative sample of the Brazilian population aged 50 years and older and who lived in urban areas (n = 7,935). The response variable was social participation, which was defined from two questions about activities performed with other persons: visited friends or relatives in their homes in the last 12 months (yes, no); went out with other persons to public places, such as restaurant, movies, club, park, in the last 12 months (yes, no). The explanatory variables included fear of falling because of defects in sidewalks, concern about the difficulty to get on a bus, subway, or train, difficulty to cross streets, and perception of violence in the neighborhood. Potential confounding variables included age, marital status, education level, self-rated health, living in an asphalted or paved street, time living in the municipality, and socioeconomic position score. Prevalence ratios and respective confidence intervals were estimated using Poisson regression. RESULT Difficulty to cross streets presented an independent association with restricted social participation (PR = 0.95; 95%CI 0.93-0.98) among both women (PR = 0.96; 95%CI 0.92-0.99) and men (PR = 0.94; 95%CI 0.90-0.99). Concern about the difficulty to get on a bus, subway, or train was associated with the outcome only among men (PR = 0.95; 95%CI 0.91-0.99). The fear of falling because of defects in sidewalks and the perception of violence in the neighborhood were not associated with social participation. CONCLUSIONS Urban characteristics that hinder the crossing of streets and accessibility to public transport can be inferred as important barriers for the social participation of Brazilian older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiane Ribeiro Ferreira
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional. Departamento de Fisioterapia. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Cibele Comini César
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Faculdade de Ciências Econômicas. Centro de Desenvolvimento e Planejamento Regional. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Fabíola Bof de Andrade
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Núcleo de Estudos em Saúde Pública e Envelhecimento. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | | | - Maria Fernanda Lima-Costa
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Núcleo de Estudos em Saúde Pública e Envelhecimento. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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114
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Corona G, Rastrelli G, Di Pasquale G, Sforza A, Mannucci E, Maggi M. Endogenous Testosterone Levels and Cardiovascular Risk: Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. J Sex Med 2018; 15:1260-1271. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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115
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Franceschi C, Ostan R, Santoro A. Nutrition and Inflammation: Are Centenarians Similar to Individuals on Calorie-Restricted Diets? Annu Rev Nutr 2018; 38:329-356. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-082117-051637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Individuals capable of reaching the extreme limit of human life such as centenarians are characterized by an exceptionally healthy phenotype—that is, a low number of diseases, low blood pressure, optimal metabolic and endocrine parameters, and increased diversity in the gut microbiota—and they are epigenetically younger than their chronological age. We present data suggesting that such a remarkable phenotype is largely similar to that found in adults following a calorie-restricted diet. Interviews with centenarians and historical data on the nutritional and lifestyle habits of Italians during the twentieth century suggest that as children and into adulthood, centenarians lived in an environment that was nonobesogenic, but at the same time the environment did not produce malnutrition. Centenarians appear to be creatures of habit, and we argue that their habit of eating meals at the same time each day favored the maintenance of circadian rhythms, including their sleep cycle. Finally, we argue that centenarians’ chronic inflammatory status, which we dubbed inflammaging, is peculiar, likely adaptive, and less detrimental than in younger people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Franceschi
- IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Rita Ostan
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine (DIMES) and Interdepartmental Centre “L. Galvani” (CIG), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;,
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine (DIMES) and Interdepartmental Centre “L. Galvani” (CIG), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;,
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116
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Rastrelli G, Dicuio M, Reismann Y, Sforza A, Maggi M, Corona G. Cardiovascular impact of testosterone therapy for hypogonadism. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2018; 16:617-625. [DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2018.1510314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Rastrelli
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit Department of Experimental, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mauro Dicuio
- Urology Unit,Surgical Department, Azienda Usl, Maggiore-Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Urology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Yacov Reismann
- Department of Urology, Amstelland Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Sforza
- Endocrinology Unit, Medical Department, Azienda Usl, Maggiore-Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mario Maggi
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit Department of Experimental, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Corona
- Endocrinology Unit, Medical Department, Azienda Usl, Maggiore-Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
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Silaidos C, Pilatus U, Grewal R, Matura S, Lienerth B, Pantel J, Eckert GP. Sex-associated differences in mitochondrial function in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and brain. Biol Sex Differ 2018; 9:34. [PMID: 30045765 PMCID: PMC6060503 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-018-0193-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, and it affects more women than men. Mitochondrial dysfunction (MD) plays a key role in AD, and it is detectable at an early stage of the degenerative process in peripheral tissues, such as peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PBMCs). However, whether these changes are also reflected in cerebral energy metabolism and whether sex-specific differences in mitochondrial function occur are not clear. Therefore, we estimated the correlation between mitochondrial function in PBMCs and brain energy metabolites and examined sex-specific differences in healthy participants to elucidate these issues. METHODS The current pilot study included 9 male and 15 female healthy adults (mean age 30.8 ± 7.1 years). Respiration and activity of mitochondrial respiratory complexes were measured using a Clarke-electrode (Oxygraph-2k system), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels were determined using a bioluminescence-based assay in isolated PBMCs. Citrate synthase activity as a mitochondrial marker was measured using a photometric assay. Concentrations of brain energy metabolites were quantified in the same individuals using 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). RESULTS We detected sex-associated differences in mitochondrial function. Mitochondrial complexes I, I+II, and IV and uncoupled respiration and electron transport system (ETS) capacity in PBMCs isolated from blood samples of females were significantly (p < 0.05; p < 0.01) higher compared to males. ATP levels in the PBMCs of female participants were approximately 10% higher compared to males. Citrate synthase (CS) activity, a marker of mitochondrial content, was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in females compared to males. Sex-associated differences were also found for brain metabolites. The N-acetylaspartate (NAA) concentration was significantly higher in female participants compared to males in targeted regions. This difference was observed in white matter (WM) and an area with a high percentage (> 50%) of gray matter (GM) (p < 0.05; p < 0.01). The effect sizes indicated a strong influence of sex on these parameters. Sex-associated differences were found in PBMCs and brain, but the determined parameters were not significantly correlated. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed sex-associated differences in mitochondrial function in healthy participants. The underlying mechanisms must be elucidated in more detail, but our study suggests that mitochondrial function in PBMCs is a feasible surrogate marker to detect differences in mitochondrial function and energy metabolism in humans and it underscores the necessity of sex-specific approaches in therapies that target mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Silaidos
- Nutrition in Prevention and Therapy, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, University of Giessen, Wilhelmstr. 20, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - U. Pilatus
- Institute for Neuroradiology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Schleusenweg 2-16, 60528 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - R. Grewal
- Nutrition in Prevention and Therapy, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, University of Giessen, Wilhelmstr. 20, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - S. Matura
- Institute of General Practice, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Heinrich-Hoffmann Str. 10, 60528 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - B. Lienerth
- Brain Imaging Centre, Schleusenweg 2-16, 60528 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - J. Pantel
- Institute of General Practice, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - G. P. Eckert
- Nutrition in Prevention and Therapy, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, University of Giessen, Wilhelmstr. 20, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Search of Neuroprotective Polyphenols Using the "Overlay" Isolation Method. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23081840. [PMID: 30042342 PMCID: PMC6222604 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies of the neuroprotective activity of polyphenols have used ununiform culture systems, making it difficult to compare their neuroprotective potency. We have established a new and simple method for preparing differentiated PC12 cells by removing the toxic coating step. Cells were induced to differentiate with the nerve growth factor (NGF) in a serum-free medium, without a medium change, but with a one-time overlay supplementation of NGF. The optimal inoculation density of the cells was 6–12 × 103 cells/cm2, and the presence of serum inhibited the differentiation. Neuroprotective activity could be quantified by the specific index (SI) value, that is, the ratio of the 50% cytotoxic concentration to the 50% effective concentration. Alkaline extract from the leaves of Sasa senanensis Rehder (SE), having had hormetic growth stimulation, showed the highest SI value, followed by epigallocatechin gallate. The SI value of curcumin and resveratrol was much lower. This simple overly method, that can prepare massive differentiated neuronal cells, may be applicable for the study of the differentiation-associated changes in intracellular metabolites, and the interaction between neuronal cells and physiological factors.
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Marais GA, Gaillard JM, Vieira C, Plotton I, Sanlaville D, Gueyffier F, Lemaitre JF. Sex gap in aging and longevity: can sex chromosomes play a role? Biol Sex Differ 2018; 9:33. [PMID: 30016998 PMCID: PMC6050741 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-018-0181-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that women live longer than men. This gap is observed in most human populations and can even reach 10-15 years. In addition, most of the known super centenarians (i.e., humans who lived for > 110 years) are women. The differences in life expectancy between men and women are often attributed to cultural differences in common thinking. However, sex hormones seem to influence differences in the prevalence of diseases, in the magnitude of aging, and in the longevity between men and women. Moreover, far from being human specific, the sex gap in longevity is extremely common in non-human animals, especially in mammals. Biological factors clearly contribute to such a sex gap in aging and longevity. Different hypotheses have been proposed to explain why males and females age and die differently. The cost of sexual selection and sexual dimorphism has long been considered the best explanation for the observed sex gap in aging/longevity. However, the way mitochondria are transmitted (i.e., through females in most species) could have an effect, called the mother's curse. Recent data suggest that sex chromosomes may also contribute to the sex gap in aging/longevity through several potential mechanisms, including the unguarded X/Z, the toxic Y/W and the loss of Y/W. We discuss future research directions to test these ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel A.B. Marais
- Laboratoire “Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive”- UMR 5558, CNRS / Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jean-Michel Gaillard
- Laboratoire “Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive”- UMR 5558, CNRS / Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Cristina Vieira
- Laboratoire “Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive”- UMR 5558, CNRS / Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Ingrid Plotton
- Service d’Endocrinologie Moléculaire et Maladies Rares, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Damien Sanlaville
- Service de Génétique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, CRNL, GENDEV team, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - François Gueyffier
- Laboratoire “Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive”- UMR 5558, CNRS / Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jean-Francois Lemaitre
- Laboratoire “Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive”- UMR 5558, CNRS / Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
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SAKAGAMI HIROSHI, HARA YAEKO, SHI HAIXIA, IWAMA SOICHI, NAKAGAWA MIKA, SUZUKI HAYATO, TANAKA KENTA, ABE TOMOYUKI, TAMURA NOBUAKI, TAKESHIMA HIROSHI, HORIE NORIO, KANEKO TAKAHIRO, SHIRATSUCHI HIROSHI, KANEKO TADAYOSHI. Change in Anticancer Drug Sensitivity During Neuronal Differentiation of PC12 Cells. In Vivo 2018; 32. [PMID: 29936457 PMCID: PMC6117783 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.112306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Although there are many reports of anticancer drug-induced neurotoxicity, most previous data have been derived from neuronal cell models grown in a variety of culture conditions. This has prevented accurate assessment of the potency of their neurotoxicity and of changes in drug sensitivity of neuronal cells during differentiation. In this study, a simple neuronal differentiation induction system was established and the relative potency of neurotoxicity of eight anticancer drugs was compared during neuronal cell differentiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rat PC12 cells were induced to differentiate into neuronal cells by 50 ng/ml nerve growth factor in serum-free Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium, followed by overlay of fresh nutrients at day 3, without medium change. Cell viability was determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method. RESULTS During differentiation, PC12 cells became 1.1-to more than 10,000-fold resistant to anticancer drugs. Topoisomerase inhibitors (doxorubicin, SN-38, etoposide) were the most toxic to differentiated PC12 cells, followed by docetaxel, gefitinib, melphalan, 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate. Docetaxel showed the highest cytotoxicity against undifferentiated PC12 cells, but its cytotoxicity was dramatically reduced during differentiation. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated considerable variation in the neurotoxicity of anticancer drugs during the cell differentiation process. The present simple assay system may be useful to search for neuroprotective substances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - YAEKO HARA
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - HAIXIA SHI
- Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiatong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - SOICHI IWAMA
- Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - MIKA NAKAGAWA
- Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - HAYATO SUZUKI
- Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - KENTA TANAKA
- Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - TOMOYUKI ABE
- Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | | | | | - NORIO HORIE
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - TAKAHIRO KANEKO
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - HIROSHI SHIRATSUCHI
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - TADAYOSHI KANEKO
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
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Sakagami H, Hara Y, Shi H, Iwama S, Nakagawa M, Suzuki H, Tanaka K, Abe T, Tamura N, Takeshima H, Horie N, Kaneko T, Shiratsuchi H, Kaneko T. Change in Anticancer Drug Sensitivity During Neuronal Differentiation of PC12 Cells. In Vivo 2018; 32:765-770. [PMID: 29936457 PMCID: PMC6117783 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Although there are many reports of anticancer drug-induced neurotoxicity, most previous data have been derived from neuronal cell models grown in a variety of culture conditions. This has prevented accurate assessment of the potency of their neurotoxicity and of changes in drug sensitivity of neuronal cells during differentiation. In this study, a simple neuronal differentiation induction system was established and the relative potency of neurotoxicity of eight anticancer drugs was compared during neuronal cell differentiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rat PC12 cells were induced to differentiate into neuronal cells by 50 ng/ml nerve growth factor in serum-free Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium, followed by overlay of fresh nutrients at day 3, without medium change. Cell viability was determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method. RESULTS During differentiation, PC12 cells became 1.1-to more than 10,000-fold resistant to anticancer drugs. Topoisomerase inhibitors (doxorubicin, SN-38, etoposide) were the most toxic to differentiated PC12 cells, followed by docetaxel, gefitinib, melphalan, 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate. Docetaxel showed the highest cytotoxicity against undifferentiated PC12 cells, but its cytotoxicity was dramatically reduced during differentiation. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated considerable variation in the neurotoxicity of anticancer drugs during the cell differentiation process. The present simple assay system may be useful to search for neuroprotective substances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yaeko Hara
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haixia Shi
- Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiatong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Soichi Iwama
- Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mika Nakagawa
- Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hayato Suzuki
- Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kenta Tanaka
- Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Abe
- Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | | | | | - Norio Horie
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kaneko
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shiratsuchi
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadayoshi Kaneko
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
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Furer A, Afek A, Orr O, Gershovitz L, Landau Rabbi M, Derazne E, Pinhas-Hamiel O, Fink N, Leiba A, Tirosh A, Kark JD, Twig G. Sex-specific associations between adolescent categories of BMI with cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality in midlife. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17:80. [PMID: 29871640 PMCID: PMC5989357 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0727-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Most studies linking long-term consequences of adolescent underweight and obesity are limited to men. Objective To assess the sex-specific association of adolescent BMI with cardiovascular- and non-cardiovascular-related mortality in young adulthood and midlife. Setting A nationwide cohort. Participants 927,868 women, 1,366,271 men. Interventions Medical examination data at age 17, including BMI, were linked to the national death registry. Main outcomes Death attributed to cardiovascular (CVD) and non-CVD causes. Results During 17,346,230 women-years and 28,367,431 men-years of follow-up, there were 451 and 3208 CVD deaths, respectively, and 6235 and 22,223 non-CVD deaths, respectively. Compared to low-normal BMI (18.5–22.0 kg/m2), underweight women had a lower adjusted risk for CVD mortality (Cox hazard ratio (HR) = 0.68; 95% CI 0.46–0.98) in contrast to underweight men (HR = 0.99; 0.88–1.13). The latter were at higher risk for non-CVD mortality (HR = 1.04; 1.00–1.09), unlike underweight women (HR = 1.01; 0.93–1.10). Findings, which persisted when the study sample was limited to those with unimpaired health, were accentuated for the obese with ≥ 30 years follow-up. Both sexes exhibited similarly higher risk estimates already in the high-normal BMI range (22.0 ≤ BMI < 25.0 kg/m2) with overall no interaction between sex and BMI (p = 0.62). Adjusted spline models suggested lower BMI values for minimal mortality risk among women (16.8 and 18.2 kg/m2) than men (18.8 and 20.0 kg/m2), for CVD and non-CVD death, respectively. Conclusions Underweight adolescent females have favorable cardiovascular outcomes in adulthood. Otherwise the risk patterns were similar between the sexes. The optimal BMI value for women and men with respect to future CVD outcomes is within or below the currently accepted low-normal BMI range. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12933-018-0727-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Furer
- The Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Arnon Afek
- The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Omri Orr
- The Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Liron Gershovitz
- The Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Moran Landau Rabbi
- The Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Estela Derazne
- The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Orit Pinhas-Hamiel
- The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Pediatric Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Noam Fink
- The Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Adi Leiba
- The Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.,The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amir Tirosh
- The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,The Dr. Pinchas Bornstein Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel.,Institute of Endocrinology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel.,The Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeremy D Kark
- Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gilad Twig
- The Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel. .,The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. .,Institute of Endocrinology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel. .,The Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
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123
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Gubbels Bupp MR, Potluri T, Fink AL, Klein SL. The Confluence of Sex Hormones and Aging on Immunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1269. [PMID: 29915601 PMCID: PMC5994698 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune systems of post-pubescent males and females differ significantly with profound consequences to health and disease. In many cases, sex-specific differences in the immune responses of young adults are also apparent in aged men and women. Moreover, as in young adults, aged women develop several late-adult onset autoimmune conditions more frequently than do men, while aged men continue to develop many cancers to a greater extent than aged women. However, sex differences in the immune systems of aged individuals have not been extensively investigated and data addressing the effectiveness of vaccinations and immunotherapies in aged men and women are scarce. In this review, we evaluate age- and sex hormone-related changes to innate and adaptive immunity, with consideration about how this impacts age- and sex-associated changes in the incidence and pathogenesis of autoimmunity and cancer as well as the efficacy of vaccination and cancer immunotherapy. We conclude that future preclinical and clinical studies should consider age and sex to better understand the ways in which these characteristics intersect with immune function and the resulting consequences for autoimmunity, cancer, and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tanvi Potluri
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ashley L Fink
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sabra L Klein
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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124
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Lam A, Karekar P, Shah K, Hariharan G, Fleyshman M, Kaur H, Singh H, Gururaja Rao S. Drosophila Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel α1-Subunits Regulate Cardiac Function in the Aging Heart. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6910. [PMID: 29720608 PMCID: PMC5932002 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25195-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion channels maintain numerous physiological functions and regulate signaling pathways. They are the key targets for cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), acting as signaling switches between ROS and ionic homeostasis. We have carried out a paraquat (PQ) screen in Drosophila to identify ion channels regulating the ROS handling and survival in Drosophila melanogaster. Our screen has revealed that α1-subunits (D-type, T-type, and cacophony) of voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) handle PQ-mediated ROS stress differentially in a gender-based manner. Since ROS are also involved in determining the lifespan, we discovered that the absence of T-type and cacophony decreased the lifespan while the absence of D-type maintained a similar lifespan to that of the wild-type strain. VGCCs are also responsible for electrical signaling in cardiac cells. The cardiac function of each mutant was evaluated through optical coherence tomography (OCT), which revealed that α1-subunits of VGCCs are essential in maintaining cardiac rhythmicity and cardiac function in an age-dependent manner. Our results establish specific roles of α1-subunits of VGCCs in the functioning of the aging heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lam
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Priyanka Karekar
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Kajol Shah
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Girija Hariharan
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Michelle Fleyshman
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Harmehak Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Harpreet Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA. .,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
| | - Shubha Gururaja Rao
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
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125
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Grusha MM, Romanenko OV. State of Synaptic Inhibition in Smooth Muscles of the Colon of Individuals of Different Ages. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-018-9692-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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126
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Franceschi C, Garagnani P, Morsiani C, Conte M, Santoro A, Grignolio A, Monti D, Capri M, Salvioli S. The Continuum of Aging and Age-Related Diseases: Common Mechanisms but Different Rates. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:61. [PMID: 29662881 PMCID: PMC5890129 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 478] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Geroscience, the new interdisciplinary field that aims to understand the relationship between aging and chronic age-related diseases (ARDs) and geriatric syndromes (GSs), is based on epidemiological evidence and experimental data that aging is the major risk factor for such pathologies and assumes that aging and ARDs/GSs share a common set of basic biological mechanisms. A consequence is that the primary target of medicine is to combat aging instead of any single ARD/GSs one by one, as favored by the fragmentation into hundreds of specialties and sub-specialties. If the same molecular and cellular mechanisms underpin both aging and ARDs/GSs, a major question emerges: which is the difference, if any, between aging and ARDs/GSs? The hypothesis that ARDs and GSs such as frailty can be conceptualized as accelerated aging will be discussed by analyzing in particular frailty, sarcopenia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer and Parkinson as well as Down syndrome as an example of progeroid syndrome. According to this integrated view, aging and ARDs/GSs become part of a continuum where precise boundaries do not exist and the two extremes are represented by centenarians, who largely avoided or postponed most ARDs/GSs and are characterized by decelerated aging, and patients who suffered one or more severe ARDs in their 60s, 70s, and 80s and show signs of accelerated aging, respectively. In between these two extremes, there is a continuum of intermediate trajectories representing a sort of gray area. Thus, clinically different, classical ARDs/GSs are, indeed, the result of peculiar combinations of alterations regarding the same, limited set of basic mechanisms shared with the aging process. Whether an individual will follow a trajectory of accelerated or decelerated aging will depend on his/her genetic background interacting lifelong with environmental and lifestyle factors. If ARDs and GSs are manifestations of accelerated aging, it is urgent to identify markers capable of distinguishing between biological and chronological age to identify subjects at higher risk of developing ARDs and GSs. To this aim, we propose the use of DNA methylation, N-glycans profiling, and gut microbiota composition to complement the available disease-specific markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Franceschi
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, University of Bologna, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Applied Biomedical Research Center (CRBA), S. Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, Bologna, Italy.,CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Morsiani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Conte
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center "L. Galvani" (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Grignolio
- Unit and Museum of History of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Monti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Miriam Capri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center "L. Galvani" (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center "L. Galvani" (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Szpak D, Izem L, Verbovetskiy D, Soloviev DA, Yakubenko VP, Pluskota E. α Mβ 2 Is Antiatherogenic in Female but Not Male Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:2426-2438. [PMID: 29459405 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a complex inflammatory process characterized by monocyte recruitment into the arterial wall, their differentiation into macrophages, and lipid accumulation. Because integrin αMβ2 (CD11b/CD18) mediates multiple diverse functions of leukocytes, we examined its role in atherogenesis. αM-/-/ApoE-/- and ApoE-/- mice were fed a control or high fat diet for 3 or 16 wk to induce atherogenesis. Unexpectedly, αM deficiency accelerated development of atherosclerosis in female but not in male mice. The size of aortic root lesions was 3-4.5-fold larger in female αM-/-/ApoE-/- than in ApoE-/- mice. Monocyte and macrophage content within the lesions was increased 2.5-fold in female αM-/-/ApoE-/- mice due to enhanced proliferation. αMβ2 elimination promoted gender-dependent foam cell formation due to enhanced uptake of cholesterol by αM-/-/ApoE-/- macrophages. This difference was attributed to enhanced expression of lipid uptake receptors, CD36 and scavenger receptor A1 (SR-A1), in female mice. Macrophages from female αM-/-/ApoE-/- mice showed dramatically reduced expression of FoxM1 transcription factor and estrogen receptors (ER) α and β. As their antagonists inhibited the effect of 17β-estradiol (E2), E2 decreased CD36, SR-A1, and foam cell formation in ApoE-/- macrophages in an ERα- and ERβ-dependent manner. However, female αM-/-/ApoE-/- macrophages failed to respond to E2 and maintained elevated CD36, SR-A1, and lipid accumulation. FoxM1 inhibition in ApoE-/- macrophages reduced ERs and enhanced CD36 and SR-A1 expression, whereas FoxM1 overexpression in αM-/-/ApoE-/- macrophages reversed their proatherogenic phenotype. We demonstrate a new, surprising atheroprotective role of αMβ2 in female ApoE-/- mice. αMβ2 maintains ER expression in macrophages and E2-dependent inhibition of foam cell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Szpak
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Lahoucine Izem
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195; and
| | | | - Dmitry A Soloviev
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Valentin P Yakubenko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, Johnson City, TN 37614
| | - Elzbieta Pluskota
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195;
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128
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Barstad LH, Júlíusson PB, Johnson LK, Hertel JK, Lekhal S, Hjelmesæth J. Gender-related differences in cardiometabolic risk factors and lifestyle behaviors in treatment-seeking adolescents with severe obesity. BMC Pediatr 2018; 18:61. [PMID: 29444663 PMCID: PMC5813385 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-018-1057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity during adolescence is associated with cardiovascular mortality in adulthood. The adverse obesity-related cardiometabolic risk profile is already observed in adolescence. We aimed to examine possible gender differences in cardiometabolic risk factors and lifestyle behaviors among adolescents with severe obesity, hypothesizing that boys would have both a higher prevalence of the metabolic syndrome as well as less healthy lifestyle behaviors than girls. METHODS Cross-sectional study of treatment-seeking adolescents with severe obesity who attended the Morbid Obesity Centre at Vestfold Hospital Trust and who were consecutively enrolled in the Vestfold Register of Obese Children between September 2009 and September 2015. A total of 313 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years were recruited, whereof 268 subjects (49% boys) completed a food and activity frequency questionnaire and were included in the analysis. RESULTS Mean (SD) age, BMI and BMI SDS were 15 (1.6) years, 38.6 (5.9) kg/m2 and 3.5 (0.6). Levels of LDL cholesterol, fasting insulin and glucose and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) did not differ between genders. Compared to girls, boys had significantly higher triglycerides (p = 0.037) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p = 0.003), as well as lower HDL cholesterol (p = 0.002). The metabolic syndrome was present in 27% of the boys and 19% of the girls (p = 0.140), and the prevalence of high DBP, dyslipidemia and dysglycemia also did not differ significantly between genders. The prevalence of high SBP was higher in boys than in girls (19% vs. 9%, p = 0.021). Gender was associated with a number of lifestyle habits, as a larger proportions of boys had higher screen time (p = 0.032), more regular breakfast eating (p = 0.023), higher intake of sugar sweetened soda (p = 0.036), and lower intake of vegetables than girls (p = 0.011). By contrast, physical activity level and intake of fruit and berries did not differ between genders. CONCLUSIONS Male treatment-seeking adolescents with severe obesity had a more unfavorable set of metabolic and behavioral risk factors for cardiovascular disease than girls. Our results indicate that lifestyle behavioral markers should be thoroughly assessed in both genders, and possible gender-related differences in risk profile should be taken into account in future treatment programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Ha Barstad
- Morbid Obesity Centre, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Box 2168, 3103, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Pétur B Júlíusson
- Morbid Obesity Centre, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Box 2168, 3103, Tønsberg, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Line Kristin Johnson
- Morbid Obesity Centre, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Box 2168, 3103, Tønsberg, Norway
| | | | - Samira Lekhal
- Morbid Obesity Centre, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Box 2168, 3103, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Jøran Hjelmesæth
- Morbid Obesity Centre, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Box 2168, 3103, Tønsberg, Norway. .,Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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129
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Carè A, Bellenghi M, Matarrese P, Gabriele L, Salvioli S, Malorni W. Sex disparity in cancer: roles of microRNAs and related functional players. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:477-485. [PMID: 29352271 PMCID: PMC5864217 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-017-0051-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A sexual dimorphism at the cellular level has been suggested to play a role in cancer onset and progression. In particular, very recent studies have unraveled striking differences between cells carrying XX or XY chromosomes in terms of response to stressful stimuli, indicating the presence of genetic and epigenetic differences determining sex-specific metabolic or phenotypic traits. Although this field of investigation is still in its infancy, available data suggest a key role of sexual chromosomes in determining cell life or death. In particular, cells carrying XX chromosomes exhibit a higher adaptive potential and survival behavior in response to microenvironmental variations with respect to XY cells. Cells from females also appear to be equipped with more efficient epigenetic machinery than the male counterpart. In particular, the X chromosome contains an unexpected high number of microRNAs (miRs), at present 118, in comparison with only two miRs localized on chromosome Y, and an average of 40-50 on the autosomes. The regulatory power of these small non-coding RNAs is well recognized, as 30-50% of all protein-coding genes are targeted by miRs and their role in cell fate has been well demonstrated. In addition, several further insights, including DNA methylation patterns that are different in males and females, claim for a significant gender disparity in cancer and in the immune system activity against tumors. In this brief paper, we analyze the state of the art of our knowledge on the implication of miRs encoded on sex chromosomes, and their related functional paths, in the regulation of cell homeostasis and depict possible perspectives for the epigenetic research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Carè
- Oncology Unit, Center for Gender-specific Medicine Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Viale Regina Elena, 299 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Bellenghi
- Oncology Unit, Center for Gender-specific Medicine Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Viale Regina Elena, 299 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Matarrese
- Oncology Unit, Center for Gender-specific Medicine Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Viale Regina Elena, 299 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Gabriele
- Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Viale Regina Elena, 299 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Walter Malorni
- Oncology Unit, Center for Gender-specific Medicine Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Viale Regina Elena, 299 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Kangas R, Morsiani C, Pizza G, Lanzarini C, Aukee P, Kaprio J, Sipilä S, Franceschi C, Kovanen V, Laakkonen EK, Capri M. Menopause and adipose tissue: miR-19a-3p is sensitive to hormonal replacement. Oncotarget 2018; 9:2279-2294. [PMID: 29416771 PMCID: PMC5788639 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-specific effects of 17β-estradiol are delivered via both estrogen receptors and microRNAs (miRs). Menopause is known to affect the whole-body fat distribution in women. This investigation aimed at identifying menopause- and hormone replacement therapy (HRT)-associated miR profiles and miR targets in subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue and serum from the same women. A discovery phase using array technology was performed in 13 women, including monozygotic twin pairs discordant for HRT and premenopausal young controls. Seven miRs, expressed in both adipose tissue and serum, were selected for validation phase in 34 women from a different cohort. An age/menopause-related increase of miRs-16-5p, -451a, -223-3p, -18a-5p, -19a-3p,-486-5p and -363-3p was found in the adipose tissue, but not in serum. MiR-19a-3p, involved in adipocyte development and estrogen signaling, resulted to be higher in HRT users in comparison with non-users. Among the identified targets, AKT1, BCL-2 and BRAF proteins showed lower expression in both HRT and No HRT users in comparison with premenopausal women. Unexpectedly, ESR1 protein expression was not modified although its mRNA was lower in No HRT users compared to premenopausal women and HRT users. Thus, both HRT and menopause appear to affect adipose tissue homeostasis via miR-mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reeta Kangas
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Cristina Morsiani
- DIMES-Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Grazia Pizza
- DIMES-Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Epigenetics Program, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Catia Lanzarini
- DIMES-Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pauliina Aukee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pelvic Floor Research and Therapy Unit, Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) and Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sarianna Sipilä
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- DIMES-Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vuokko Kovanen
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Eija K. Laakkonen
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Miriam Capri
- DIMES-Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- CIG- Interdepartmental Centre “Galvani”, Via Petronio Vecchi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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131
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Spolarics Z, Peña G, Qin Y, Donnelly RJ, Livingston DH. Inherent X-Linked Genetic Variability and Cellular Mosaicism Unique to Females Contribute to Sex-Related Differences in the Innate Immune Response. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1455. [PMID: 29180997 PMCID: PMC5694032 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Females have a longer lifespan and better general health than males. Considerable number of studies also demonstrated that, after trauma and sepsis, females present better outcomes as compared to males indicating sex-related differences in the innate immune response. The current notion is that differences in the immuno-modulatory effects of sex hormones are the underlying causative mechanism. However, the field remains controversial and the exclusive role of sex hormones has been challenged. Here, we propose that polymorphic X-linked immune competent genes, which are abundant in the population are important players in sex-based immuno-modulation and play a key role in causing sex-related outcome differences following trauma or sepsis. We describe the differences in X chromosome (ChrX) regulation between males and females and its consequences in the context of common X-linked polymorphisms at the individual as well as population level. We also discuss the potential pathophysiological and immune-modulatory aspects of ChrX cellular mosaicism, which is unique to females and how this may contribute to sex-biased immune-modulation. The potential confounding effects of ChrX skewing of cell progenitors at the bone marrow is also presented together with aspects of acute trauma-induced de novo ChrX skewing at the periphery. In support of the hypothesis, novel observations indicating ChrX skewing in a female trauma cohort as well as case studies depicting the temporal relationship between trauma-induced cellular skewing and the clinical course are also described. Finally, we list and discuss a selected set of polymorphic X-linked genes, which are frequent in the population and have key regulatory or metabolic functions in the innate immune response and, therefore, are primary candidates for mediating sex-biased immune responses. We conclude that sex-related differences in a variety of disease processes including the innate inflammatory response to injury and infection may be related to the abundance of X-linked polymorphic immune-competent genes, differences in ChrX regulation, and inheritance patterns between the sexes and the presence of X-linked cellular mosaicism, which is unique to females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Spolarics
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Geber Peña
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Yong Qin
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Robert J Donnelly
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - David H Livingston
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
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Abstract
Due to the increasing age of the population, neurohospitalists are more frequently caring for old and very old people. Fundamental definitions and topics related to geriatric medicine are therefore of particular importance. In this review, common issues encountered in geriatric patients hospitalized on the neurology service are discussed. Focus is put on the geriatric assessment, multiprofessional diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, geriatric syndromes, pharmacotherapy of the aged, delirium, pain, and palliative management as they are relevant for the neurohospitalist. In addition, ethical questions are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef G Heckmann
- Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital Landshut, Landshut, Germany
| | - Jörg Kraus
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christoph J G Lang
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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133
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Sakagami H, Suzuki R, Shirataki Y, Iwama S, Nakagawa M, Suzuki H, Tanaka K, Tamura N, Takeshima H. Re-evaluation of Culture Condition of PC12 and SH-SY5Y Cells Based on Growth Rate and Amino Acid Consumption. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 31:1089-1095. [PMID: 29102930 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Most of the previous investigators have used various types of media for the culture of nerve cells. In order to optimize the culture conditions, we compared the growth rate and amino acid consumption by two popular neuron models, rat PC12 and human SH-SY5Y, grown in DMEM or DMEM: Ham's F-12 (1:1): non-essential amino acids, supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (referred to DMEM and Mix, respectively). MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell growth was monitored by the MTT method. Amino acids in the culture medium were quantitated by amino acid analysis after deproteinization. RESULTS Efficient cell attachment could be achieved even if PC12 cells were inoculated at extreme lower cell density in a non-coated plain dish, without addition of its condition medium. Both PC12 and SH-SY5Y cells proliferated up to slightly higher cell density in DMEM than in Mix. Approximately 2-fold higher utilization rate of glutamine and essential amino acids was observed in DMEM. Amyloid peptides such as Aβ1-42 and Aβ25-35 suppressed their growth nearly by 50%. CONCLUSION The present study suggests the usefulness of DMEM for the study of searching neuroprotective substances, based on its favorable effects on cell attachment, cell growth and amino acid utilization as well as amyloid peptide sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Sakagami
- Meikai University Research Institute of Odontology (M-RIO), Saitama, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Suzuki
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Shirataki
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Soichi Iwama
- Division of Geriatric Dentistry. Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mika Nakagawa
- Division of Geriatric Dentistry. Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hayato Suzuki
- Division of Geriatric Dentistry. Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kenta Tanaka
- Division of Geriatric Dentistry. Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Tamura
- Division of Geriatric Dentistry. Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takeshima
- Division of Geriatric Dentistry. Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
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Kautzky-Willer A, Harreiter J. Sex and gender differences in therapy of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2017; 131:230-241. [PMID: 28779681 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Clinical guidelines for the management of type 2 diabetes recommend individual therapy considering age, duration of disease, presence of complication and risk of hypoglycaemia. However, at present, the patient's sex has no impact on clinical decisions. Yet, there is mounting data pointing at biological and psychosocial differences between men and women with great impact on progression of disease and complications. Moreover, choices and preferences of therapeutic strategies as well as adherence to lifestyle and pharmacological interventions differ in both sexes. In addition, drug therapy may have sex-specific side effects. Therefore, there is need of more research on biological differences and of evidence-based individualised targeted sex-sensitive therapeutic concepts. Clinical guidelines must consider relevant sex-differences. Development and implementation of sex-specific programs may help to improve adherence to therapy and to reduce progression of disease and development of complications. A more gender-sensitive clinical approach may improve quality of life and increase health and life expectancy in men and women with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Kautzky-Willer
- Gender Medicine Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Gender Medicine Institute, Gars am Kamp, Austria.
| | - Jürgen Harreiter
- Gender Medicine Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Nacka-Aleksić M, Stojanović M, Simić L, Bufan B, Kotur-Stevuljević J, Stojić-Vukanić Z, Dimitrijević M, Ražić S, Leposavić G. Sex as a determinant of age-related changes in rat spinal cord inflammation-oxidation state. Biogerontology 2017; 18:821-839. [PMID: 28825141 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-017-9726-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To close the gap in our knowledge of sex influence on age-related changes in inflammation-oxidation state in spinal cord (SC) relevant to inflammation/oxidative-stress associated neuropathologies, 2-3 month-old (young) and 18-20 month-old (old) rats, exhibiting increased level of IL-6, a commonly used marker of inflamm-aging, were examined for inflammatory/redox status, and the underlying regulatory networks' molecules expression. With age, rat SC microglia became sensitized ("primed"), while SC tissue shifted towards mild inflammatory state, with increased levels of proinflammatory IL-1β (key marker of microglial systemic inflammation-induced neurotoxicity), which was more prominent in males. This, most likely, reflected age- and sex-related impairment in the expression of CX3CR1, the receptor for fractalkine (CX3CL1), the soluble factor which regulates microglial activation and diminishes production of IL-1β (central for fractalkine neuroprotection). Considering that (i) age-related changes in SC IL-1β expression were not followed by complementary changes in SC IL-6 expression, and (ii) the reversal in the direction of the sex bias in circulating IL-6 level and SC IL-1β expression, it seems obvious that there are tissue-specific differences in the proinflammatory cytokine profile. Additionally, old male rat SC exhibited greater oxidative damage than female, reflecting, most likely, their lower capacity to maintain the pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance. In conclusion, these findings, apart from highlighting the significance of sex for age-associated changes in SC inflammation-oxidation, may be relevant for understating sex differences in human inflammation/oxidative-stress related SC diseases, and consequently, for optimizing their prevention/therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Nacka-Aleksić
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Stojanović
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lidija Simić
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Bufan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Zorica Stojić-Vukanić
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Dimitrijević
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slavica Ražić
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Leposavić
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Centenarians as a 21st century healthy aging model: A legacy of humanity and the need for a world-wide consortium (WWC100+). Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 165:55-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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137
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Demographic, genetic and phenotypic characteristics of centenarians in Italy: Focus on gender differences. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 165:68-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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138
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Dudkowska M, Janiszewska D, Karpa A, Broczek K, Dabrowski M, Sikora E. The role of gender and labour status in immunosenescence of 65+ Polish population. Biogerontology 2017; 18:581-590. [PMID: 28444479 PMCID: PMC5514219 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-017-9702-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Women are living longer than men and it seems that one of the reasons could be better immune system of females. In Poland, contrary to many European countries, women retire earlier than men, namely at 60 and 65, respectively. We asked the question how the gender and labour status were interconnected with some immunological parameters included in the so called immune risk profile (IRP), such as CD4+/CD8+ ratio, percentage of CD8+CD28−, and NK, and the level of circulating cytokines. A total of 92 men and 100 women past the retirement age, namely 65–74 years old, still working or not, were examined. We have found statistically significant lower percentage of CD8+CD28− cells and non-statistically significant higher CD4+/CD8+ ratio in women, whereas the percentage of NK was higher in men. Moreover, the percentage of CD8+CD28− cells was negatively correlated with the CD4+/CD8+ ratio and the concentration of IL8 was positively correlated with the concentration of IL10 both in men and women. In men, the level of IL10 was higher than in women. Altogether, we found that gender, but not labour status, influences immunosenescence of the examined population of 65–74 years old Polish people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Dudkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Bases of Aging, Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur Str. 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dorota Janiszewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Bases of Aging, Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur Str. 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Karpa
- Laboratory of Molecular Bases of Aging, Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur Str. 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Broczek
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur Str. 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Dabrowski
- Department of Geriatrics, Medical University of Warsaw, Oczki Str. 4, 02-007, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Sikora
- Laboratory of Molecular Bases of Aging, Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur Str. 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
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Kheirbek RE, Fokar A, Shara N, Bell-Wilson LK, Moore HJ, Olsen E, Blackman MR, Llorente MD. Characteristics and Incidence of Chronic Illness in Community-Dwelling Predominantly Male U.S. Veteran Centenarians. J Am Geriatr Soc 2017; 65:2100-2106. [PMID: 28422270 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.14900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the incidence of chronic illness and its effect on veteran centenarians. DESIGN Retrospective longitudinal cohort study. SETTING United States Veterans Affairs Corporate Data Warehouse (CDW). PARTICIPANTS Community-dwelling veterans born between 1910 and 1915 who survived to at least age 80 (N = 86,892; 31,121 octogenarians, 52,420 nonagenarians, 3,351 centenarians). MEASUREMENTS The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate cumulative incidence of chronic conditions according to age group. Incidence rates were compared using the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate unadjusted hazard ratios. RESULTS Ninety-seven percent of Centenarians were male, 88.0% were white, 31.8% were widowed, 87.5% served in World War II, and 63.9% did not have a service-related disability. The incidence rates of chronic illnesses were higher in octogenarians than centenarians (atrial fibrillation, 15.0% vs 0.6%, P < .001; heart failure, 19.3% vs 0.4%, P < .001; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 17.9% vs 0.6%, P < .001; hypertension, 29.6% vs 3.0%, P < .001; end-stage renal disease, 7.2% vs 0.1%, P < .001; malignancy, 14.1% vs 0.6%, P < .001; diabetes mellitus, 11.1% vs 0.4%, P < .001; stroke, 4.6% vs 0.4%, P < .001) and in nonagenarians than centenarians (atrial fibrillation, 13.2% vs 3.5%, P < .001; heart failure, 15.8% vs 3.3%, P < .001; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 11.8% vs 3.5%, P < .001; hypertension, 27.2% vs 12.8%, P < .001; end-stage renal disease, 11.9% vs 4.5%, P < .001; malignancy, 8.6% vs 2.3%, P < .001; diabetes mellitus, 7.5% vs 2.2%, P < .001; and stroke, 3.5% vs 1.3%, P < .001). CONCLUSION In a large cohort of predominantly male community-dwelling elderly veterans, centenarians had a lower incidence of chronic illness than those in their 80s and 90s, demonstrating similar compression of morbidity and extension of health span observed in other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raya Elfadel Kheirbek
- Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia.,School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia.,School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Ali Fokar
- Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Nawar Shara
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, Maryland.,Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia
| | | | - Hans J Moore
- Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia.,School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia.,Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Edwin Olsen
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Marc R Blackman
- Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia.,School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia.,School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia.,Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Maria D Llorente
- Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia.,School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
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Cognitive status in the oldest old and centenarians: a condition crucial for quality of life methodologically difficult to assess. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 165:185-194. [PMID: 28286214 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human life expectancy and the number of the oldest old are rapidly increasing worldwide. Advanced age is the main risk factor for dementia, representing one of the major causes of disability/dependency among older people with a strong impact on their families/caregivers. Centenarians have reached the extreme limits of human life escaping or delaying the major age-related diseases. Thus, these extraordinary individuals embody the best model to answer the crucial question if cognitive decline and dementia are progressive and unavoidable occurrences of increasing age. Despite a growing amount of data underlines the importance of cognitive function for quality of life and survival in old age, studies on centenarians have paid more attention to their physical condition rather than the assessment of their actual cognitive abilities. Accordingly, this work aims to summarize available data on the prevalence of dementia in centenarians and to critically address topics which can have a relevant impact on the cognitive assessment/status of the oldest old: (i) lack of standardized tools for cognitive assessment; (ii) criteria and threshold to establish the presence of dementia; (iii) influence of birth cohort and education; (iv) role of depression or positive attitude towards life; (v) gender differences.
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141
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Matsumoto MA, de Abreu Furquim EM, Gonçalves A, Santiago-Júnior JF, Saraiva PP, Cardoso CL, Munerato MS, Okamoto R. Aged rats under zoledronic acid therapy and oral surgery. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2017; 45:781-787. [PMID: 28318924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aging brings a number of health conditions that can compromise the healing process in elderly individuals, significantly when it comes to bone tissue. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of zoledronic acid (ZL) therapy on socket healing of aged male rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four Wistar male rats, 20 months old, underwent surgical procedures for the extraction of the upper right incisor and were divided into two groups according to the treatment: Control (C) - intravenous (IV) 0.9% saline, ZL - 0.035 mg/kg of IV zoledronic acid, both every 15 days. At the fifth dose of both substances, tooth extractions were performed and the animals were euthanized after 14 and 28 days. RESULTS IV administration of ZL caused OPG-RANKL system imbalance, resulting in deficient bone formation and remodeling and alteration of osteoclast morphology, as well as maintaining persistent inflammation during the healing period. CONCLUSIONS IV administration of ZL delayed extracted dental socket healing of aged rats, but not enough to cause osteonecrosis, raising a question about different responses to IV BP therapy considering animal age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariza Akemi Matsumoto
- São Paulo State University (Unesp) (Head: Prof. W. R. Poi), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Rua José Bonifácio 1193, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Elisa Mara de Abreu Furquim
- São Paulo State University (Unesp) (Head: Prof. W. R. Poi), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Rua José Bonifácio 1193, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Alaíde Gonçalves
- São Paulo State University (Unesp) (Head: Prof. W. R. Poi), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Rua José Bonifácio 1193, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia Pinto Saraiva
- School of Dentistry, Sagrado Coração University - USC, Rua Irmã Arminda 10-50, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Lopes Cardoso
- School of Dentistry, Sagrado Coração University - USC, Rua Irmã Arminda 10-50, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Salles Munerato
- School of Dentistry, Sagrado Coração University - USC, Rua Irmã Arminda 10-50, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberta Okamoto
- São Paulo State University (Unesp) (Head: Prof. W. R. Poi), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Rua José Bonifácio 1193, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
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Cozzi B, Ballarin C, Mantovani R, Rota A. Aging and Veterinary Care of Cats, Dogs, and Horses through the Records of Three University Veterinary Hospitals. Front Vet Sci 2017; 4:14. [PMID: 28261586 PMCID: PMC5306394 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The present article examines over 63,000 medical records belonging to the Veterinary Hospitals of the Universities of Bologna, Torino, and Padova, all in Northern Italy, and relative to dogs (approximately 50,000), cats (approximately 12,000), and companion horses (slightly less than 1,000). The animals of the three species were divided into age classes and categorized per sex into males, females, and neutered individuals. The mean age at visit and the effects of age classes and category (analyzed via ANOVA) are presented and discussed. The data indicate that many animals are presented to the hospitals either in the early phases of their life (presumably for vaccination and, in cats and dogs, gonadectomy) or in the advanced age (over 10 years in dogs, over 15 years in cats, and over 17 years in horses). The records of very old individuals of the three species are also reported. On the whole, the results suggest that a growing population of mature to old domestic carnivores or companion horses reaches ages that were considered exceptional only a few years ago. The data also testify an evolution in the animal–owner relationship and a renewed respect for the value of life in companion domestic mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Cozzi
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Ballarin
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberto Mantovani
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ada Rota
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Das A. Depression, Inflammation, and Physiological Risk in Late Life: A National Longitudinal Study. BIODEMOGRAPHY AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY 2017; 63:131-147. [PMID: 28521620 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2017.1308245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This nationally representative study queried effects of community dwelling older adults' depression and inflammation at baseline on over-time changes in surrogate markers of their cardiometabolic risk. Data were from the 2005-2006 and 2010-2011 waves of the U.S. National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project. Inflammation was indicated by C-reactive protein and depression by the CES-D scale. Cardiometabolic markers included hemoglobin A1c and systolic BP. Lagged dependent variable models were used to examine effects. In none of the models did Wave 1 depression predict residual change in cardiometabolic states (i.e., Wave 2 values net of Wave 1). In contrast, men's baseline C-reactive protein predicted their Wave 2 hemoglobin A1c (Coeff. = 0.02, p < .05) as well as their systolic BP (Coeff. = 3.22, p < .05). No such effects were found among women. Contrary to a growing clinical literature, depression may not increase cardiometabolic risk among older adults on average. Moderators that may interact with depression to yield such effects in delimited samples remain to be identified. Inflammation, in contrast, does seem linked to increase in physiological risk-but only among men, not women. Clinical research is needed to identify biological factors responsible for this sex difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Das
- a Department of Sociology , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec , Canada
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Das A. "Inflammaging" and Estradiol among Older U.S. Women: A Nationally Representative Longitudinal Study. BIODEMOGRAPHY AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY 2017; 63:295-308. [PMID: 29199869 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2017.1403304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite accumulating small-sample and clinical evidence on "inflammaging," no population-representative longitudinal studies have specifically examined women's late-life inflammation trends. While a range of studies indicates estradiol's immunomodulation role, evidence is contradictory on whether its effects are pro- or antiinflammatory among older women. Using longitudinal data from the first two waves of the National Social Life, Health and Aging Project-a national probability sample of older U.S. adults aged 57 to 85 years at baseline-this study began to fill these gaps. Findings suggested rather than being a lifelong process, older women's inflammaging may have a biological window that closes with senescence. Moreover, their endogenous estradiol plays a proinflammatory rather than immunoprotective role. Nor does this sex steroid modulate age effects on women's inflammation. More sex-specific basic research is needed on causal mechanisms underlying women's late-life inflammaging patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Das
- a Department of Sociology and Centre on Population Dynamics , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec , Canada
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