101
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Miura K, Ohta M, Nakazawa M, Ono M, Hasegawa PM. ICE1 Ser403 is necessary for protein stabilization and regulation of cold signaling and tolerance. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 67:269-79. [PMID: 21447070 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04589.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
ICE1, a MYC-type transcription factor, has an important role in the induction of CBF3/DREB1A for regulation of cold signaling and tolerance. Here we reveal that serine 403 of ICE1 is involved in regulating the transactivation and stability of the ICE1 protein. Substitution of serine 403 by alanine enhanced the transactivational activity of ICE1 in Arabidopsis protoplasts. Over-expression of ICE1(S403A) conferred more freezing tolerance than ICE1(WT) in Arabidopsis, and the expression of cold-regulated genes such as CBF3/DREB1A, COR47 and KIN1 was enhanced in plants over-expressing ICE1(S403A). Furthermore, the ICE1(S403A) protein level was not changed after cold treatment, whereas the ICE1(WT) protein level was reduced. Interestingly, polyubiquitylation of the ICE1(S403A) protein in vivo was apparently blocked. These results demonstrate that serine 403 of ICE1 has roles in both transactivation and cold-induced degradation of ICE1 via the ubiquitin/26S proteasome pathway, suggesting that serine 403 is a key residue for the attenuation of cold-stress responses by HOS1-mediated degradation of ICE1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Miura
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
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102
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Yang CY, Hsu FC, Li JP, Wang NN, Shih MC. The AP2/ERF transcription factor AtERF73/HRE1 modulates ethylene responses during hypoxia in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 156:202-12. [PMID: 21398256 PMCID: PMC3091062 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.172486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A number of APETALA2 (AP2)/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (ERF) genes have been shown to function in abiotic and biotic stress responses, and these genes are often induced by multiple stresses. We report here the characterization of an AP2/ERF gene in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) that is specifically induced during hypoxia. We show that under normoxic conditions, the expression of AtERF73/HRE1 can be induced by exogenous addition of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid and that a combination of hypoxia and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid results in hyperinduction of AtERF73/HRE1 expression. In addition, hypoxic induction of AtERF73/HRE1 is reduced but not completely abolished in ethylene-insensitive mutants and in the presence of inhibitors of ethylene biosynthesis and responses. These results suggest that, in addition to ethylene, an ethylene-independent signal is also required to mediate hypoxic induction of AtERF73/HRE1. To assess the role of AtERF73/HRE1, we generated three independent RNA interference (RNAi) knockdown lines of AtERF73/HRE1. Under normoxic conditions, the AtERF73/HRE1-RNAi seedlings displayed increased ethylene sensitivity and exaggerated triple responses, indicating that AtERF73/HRE1 might play a negative regulatory role in modulating ethylene responses. Gas chromatography analyses showed that the production of ethylene was similar between wild-type and RNAi lines under hypoxia. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses showed that hypoxia-inducible genes could be affected by AtERF73/HRE1-RNAi lines in two different ways: hypoxic induction of glycolytic and fermentative genes was reduced, whereas induction of a number of peroxidase and cytochrome P450 genes was increased. Taken together, our results show that AtERF73/HRE1 is involved in modulating ethylene responses under both normoxia and hypoxia.
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103
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Thangasamy S, Guo CL, Chuang MH, Lai MH, Chen J, Jauh GY. Rice SIZ1, a SUMO E3 ligase, controls spikelet fertility through regulation of anther dehiscence. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2011; 189:869-882. [PMID: 21083564 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03538.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
• Sumoylation, a post-translational modification, has important functions in both animals and plants. However, the biological function of the SUMO E3 ligase, SIZ1, in rice (Oryza sativa) is still under investigation. • In this study, we employed two different genetic approaches, the use of siz1 T-DNA mutant and SIZ1-RNAi transgenic plants, to characterize the function of rice SIZ1. • Genetic results revealed the co-segregation of single T-DNA insertional recessive mutation with the observed phenotypes in siz1. In addition to showing reduced plant height, tiller number and seed set percentage, both the siz1 mutant and SIZ1-RNAi transgenic plants showed obvious defects in anther dehiscence, but not pollen viability. The anther indehiscence in siz1 was probably a result of defects in endothecium development before anthesis. Interestingly, rice orthologs of AtIRX and ZmMADS2, which are essential for endothecium development during anther dehiscence, were significantly down-regulated in siz1. Compared with the wild-type, the sumoylation profile of high-molecular-weight proteins in mature spikelets was reduced significantly in siz1 and the SIZ1-RNAi line with notably reduced SIZ1 expression. The nuclear localization signal located in the SIZ1 C-terminus was sufficient for its nuclear targeting in bombarded onion epidermis. • The results suggest the functional role of SIZ1, a SUMO E3 ligase, in regulating rice anther dehiscence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saminathan Thangasamy
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Chung-Hsing University - Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cian-Ling Guo
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsiang Chuang
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsing Lai
- Crop Science Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jychian Chen
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Chung-Hsing University - Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Guang-Yuh Jauh
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Chung-Hsing University - Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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104
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Li J, Jiang J, Qian Q, Xu Y, Zhang C, Xiao J, Du C, Luo W, Zou G, Chen M, Huang Y, Feng Y, Cheng Z, Yuan M, Chong K. Mutation of rice BC12/GDD1, which encodes a kinesin-like protein that binds to a GA biosynthesis gene promoter, leads to dwarfism with impaired cell elongation. THE PLANT CELL 2011; 23:628-40. [PMID: 21325138 PMCID: PMC3077781 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.110.081901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2010] [Revised: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The kinesins are a family of microtubule-based motor proteins that move directionally along microtubules and are involved in many crucial cellular processes, including cell elongation in plants. Less is known about kinesins directly regulating gene transcription to affect cellular physiological processes. Here, we describe a rice (Oryza sativa) mutant, gibberellin-deficient dwarf1 (gdd1), that has a phenotype of greatly reduced length of root, stems, spikes, and seeds. This reduced length is due to decreased cell elongation and can be rescued by exogenous gibberellic acid (GA₃) treatment. GDD1 was cloned by a map-based approach, was expressed constitutively, and was found to encode the kinesin-like protein BRITTLE CULM12 (BC12). Microtubule cosedimentation assays revealed that BC12/GDD1 bound to microtubules in an ATP-dependent manner. Whole-genome microarray analysis revealed the expression of ent-kaurene oxidase (KO2), which encodes an enzyme involved in GA biosynthesis, was downregulated in gdd1. Electrophoretic mobility shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that GDD1 bound to the element ACCAACTTGAA in the KO2 promoter. In addition, GDD1 was shown to have transactivation activity. The level of endogenous GAs was reduced in gdd1, and the reorganization of cortical microtubules was altered. Therefore, BC12/GDD1, a kinesin-like protein with transcription regulation activity, mediates cell elongation by regulating the GA biosynthesis pathway in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Research Center for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiafu Jiang
- Research Center for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yunyuan Xu
- Research Center for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Research Center for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Research Center for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cheng Du
- Research Center for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Research Center for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Guoxing Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Mingluan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yunqing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yuqi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhukuan Cheng
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Kang Chong
- Research Center for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing 100093, China
- Address correspondence to
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105
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Liu J, Li J, Wang H, Fu Z, Liu J, Yu Y. Identification and expression analysis of ERF transcription factor genes in petunia during flower senescence and in response to hormone treatments. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2011; 62:825-40. [PMID: 20974735 PMCID: PMC3003824 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erq324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Revised: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene-responsive element-binding factor (ERF) genes constitute one of the largest transcription factor gene families in plants. In Arabidopsis and rice, only a few ERF genes have been characterized so far. Flower senescence is associated with increased ethylene production in many flowers. However, the characterization of ERF genes in flower senescence has not been reported. In this study, 13 ERF cDNAs were cloned from petunia. Based on the sequence characterization, these PhERFs could be classified into four of the 12 known ERF families. Their predicted amino acid sequences exhibited similarities to ERFs from other plant species. Expression analyses of PhERF mRNAs were performed in corollas and gynoecia of petunia flower. The 13 PhERF genes displayed differential expression patterns and levels during natural flower senescence. Exogenous ethylene accelerates the transcription of the various PhERF genes, and silver thiosulphate (STS) decreased the transcription of several PhERF genes in corollas and gynoecia. PhERF genes of group VII showed a strong association with the rise in ethylene production in both petals and gynoecia, and might be associated particularly with flower senescence in petunia. The effect of sugar, methyl jasmonate, and the plant hormones abscisic acid, salicylic acid, and 6-benzyladenine in regulating the different PhERF transcripts was investigated. Functional nuclear localization signal analyses of two PhERF proteins (PhERF2 and PhERF3) were carried out using fluorescence microscopy. These results supported a role for petunia PhERF genes in transcriptional regulation of petunia flower senescence processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yixun Yu
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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106
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Jin XF, Zhu B, Peng RH, Jiang HH, Chen JM, Zhuang J, Zhang J, Yao QH, Xiong AS. Optimizing the binding activity of the AP2/ERF transcription factor with the GCC box element from Brassica napus by directed evolution. BMB Rep 2010; 43:567-72. [PMID: 20797320 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2010.43.8.567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we cloned the ERF-B3 subfamily transcription factor gene BnaERF-B3-hy15 from Brassica napus L. Huyou15. This 600 bp gene encodes a 199 amino acid classic ethylene responsive factor (ERF), which shown no binding or very weak binding GCC box-binding activity by the yeast one-hybrid assay. We used gene shuffling and the yeast one-hybrid system to obtain three mutated sequences that can bind to the GCC box. Sequence analysis indicated that two residues, Gly156 in the AP2 domain and Phe62 at the N-terminal domain were mutated to arginine and serine, respectively. Changes of Gly156 to arginine and Phe62 to serine increased the GCCbinding activity of BnaERF-B3-hy15 and the alter of Gly156 to arginine changed the AP2-domain structure of BnaERF-B3- hy15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fen Jin
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
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107
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A harpin-induced ethylene-responsive factor regulates plant growth and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 402:414-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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108
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Hao YJ, Song QX, Chen HW, Zou HF, Wei W, Kang XS, Ma B, Zhang WK, Zhang JS, Chen SY. Plant NAC-type transcription factor proteins contain a NARD domain for repression of transcriptional activation. PLANTA 2010; 232:1033-43. [PMID: 20683728 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-010-1238-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant-specific transcription factor NAC proteins play essential roles in many biological processes such as development, senescence, morphogenesis, and stress signal transduction pathways. In the NAC family, some members function as transcription activators while others act as repressors. In the present study we found that though the full-length GmNAC20 from soybean did not have transcriptional activation activity, the carboxy-terminal activation domain of GmNAC20 had high transcriptional activation activity in the yeast assay system. Deletion experiments revealed an active repression domain with 35 amino acids, named NARD (NAC Repression Domain), in the d subdomain of NAC DNA-binding domain. NARD can reduce the transcriptional activation ability of diverse transcription factors when fused to either the amino-terminal or the carboxy-terminal of the transcription factors. NARD-like sequences are also present in other NAC family members and they are functional repression domain when fused to VP16 in plant protoplast assay system. Mutation analysis of conserved amino acid residues in NARD showed that the hydrophobic LVFY motif may partially contribute to the repression function. It is hypothesized that the interactions between the repression domain NARD and the carboxy-terminal activation domain may finally determine the ability of NAC family proteins to regulate downstream gene expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jun Hao
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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109
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Seo YJ, Park JB, Cho YJ, Jung C, Seo HS, Park SK, Nahm BH, Song JT. Overexpression of the ethylene-responsive factor gene BrERF4 from Brassica rapa increases tolerance to salt and drought in Arabidopsis plants. Mol Cells 2010; 30:271-7. [PMID: 20803085 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-010-0114-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Revised: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethylene-responsive factors (ERFs), within a subgroup of the AP2/ERF transcription factor family, are involved in diverse plant reactions to biotic or abiotic stresses. Here, we report that overexpression of an ERF gene from Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis (BrERF4) led to improved tolerance to salt and drought stresses in Arabidopsis. It also significantly affected the growth and development of transgenic plants. We detected that salt-induced expressions of a transcriptional repressor gene, AtERF4, and some Ser/Thr protein phosphatase2C genes, ABI1, ABI2 and AtPP2CA, were suppressed in BrERF4-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants. Furthermore, BrERF4 was induced by treatment with ethylene or methyljasmonate, but not by abscisic acid or NaCl in B. rapa. These results suggest that BrERF4 is activated through a network of different signaling pathways in response to salinity and drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yean Joo Seo
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, Korea
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110
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NINJA connects the co-repressor TOPLESS to jasmonate signalling. Nature 2010; 464:788-91. [PMID: 20360743 PMCID: PMC2849182 DOI: 10.1038/nature08854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 690] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Accepted: 01/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) is a plant hormone that regulates a broad array of plant defence and developmental processes1–5. JA-Ile-responsive gene expression is regulated by the transcriptional activator MYC2 that interacts physically with the jasmonate ZIM-domain (JAZ) repressor proteins. Upon JA-Ile perception, JAZ proteins are degraded and JA-Ile-dependent gene expression is activated6,7. The molecular mechanisms by which JAZ proteins repress gene expression remain unknown. Here we show that the JAZ proteins recruit the Groucho/Tup1-type co-repressor TOPLESS (TPL)8 and TPL-related proteins (TPRs) through a previously uncharacterized adaptor protein, designated Novel INteractor of JAZ (NINJA). NINJA acts as a transcriptional repressor of which the activity is mediated by a functional TPL-binding EAR repression motif. Accordingly, both NINJA and TPL proteins function as negative regulators of jasmonate responses. Our results point to TPL proteins as general co-repressors that affect multiple signalling pathways through the interaction with specific adaptor proteins. This new insight reveals how stress- and growth-related signalling cascades use common molecular mechanisms to regulate gene expression in plants.
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111
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Jin LG, Li H, Liu JY. Molecular characterization of three ethylene responsive element binding factor genes from cotton. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2010; 52:485-95. [PMID: 20537044 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2010.00914.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene-responsive factors (ERFs) are important regulators of plant gene expression. In this study, three novel ERF genes, GhERF2, GhERF3 and GhERF6, were isolated from cotton (Gossypium hirstum) using rapid amplification of cDNA ends-polymerase chain reaction. Transient expression analysis using GhERF-green fluorescent protein fusions showed that these three proteins were targeted to the nucleus. Fusion proteins consisting of GhERF2, GhERF3 or GhERF6 coupled to the GAL4 DNA binding domain strongly activated transcription in yeast. Furthermore, GhERF6 was shown to be able to bind specifically to GCC boxes using a particle bombardment assay in tobacco cells. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction revealed that GhERF2 and GhERF3 are constitutively expressed in all organs, while GhERF6 is only constitutively expressed in vegetative organs. When plants were treated with ethylene, abscisic acid, salt, cold and drought, the transcripts of GhERF2, GhERF3 and GhERF6 were rapidly induced to high levels. Promoter analysis also indicated that the 5' upstream regions of the three genes possess elements induced by these physiological and environmental factors. Collectively, our data suggest that GhERF2, GhERF3 and GhERF6 might function as positive trans-acting factors in the plant responses to ethylene, abscisic acid and other stresses and provide useful clues for further research into the mechanism of them in regulating cotton multiple stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Guo Jin
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and MOE Laboratory of Protein Science, Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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112
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Yamaguchi M, Ohtani M, Mitsuda N, Kubo M, Ohme-Takagi M, Fukuda H, Demura T. VND-INTERACTING2, a NAC domain transcription factor, negatively regulates xylem vessel formation in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2010; 22:1249-63. [PMID: 20388856 PMCID: PMC2879754 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.108.064048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis thaliana NAC domain transcription factor VASCULAR-RELATED NAC-DOMAIN7 (VND7) acts as a master regulator of xylem vessel differentiation. To understand the mechanism by which VND7 regulates xylem vessel differentiation, we used a yeast two-hybrid system to screen for proteins that interact with VND7 and identified cDNAs encoding two NAC domain proteins, VND-INTERACTING1 (VNI1) and VNI2. Binding assays demonstrated that VNI2 effectively interacts with VND7 and the VND family proteins, VND1-5, as well as with other NAC domain proteins at lower affinity. VNI2 is expressed in both xylem and phloem cells in roots and inflorescence stems. The expression of VNI2 overlaps with that of VND7 in elongating vessel precursors in roots. VNI2 contains a predicted PEST motif and a C-terminally truncated VNI2 protein, which lacks part of the PEST motif, is more stable than full-length VNI2. Transient reporter assays showed that VNI2 is a transcriptional repressor and can repress the expression of vessel-specific genes regulated by VND7. Expression of C-terminally truncated VNI2 under the control of the VND7 promoter inhibited the normal development of xylem vessels in roots and aerial organs. These data suggest that VNI2 regulates xylem cell specification as a transcriptional repressor that interacts with VND proteins and possibly also with other NAC domain proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Yamaguchi
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Misato Ohtani
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- RIKEN Biomass Engineering Program, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Mitsuda
- Research Institute of Genome-Based Biofactory, National Insitute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan
| | - Minoru Kubo
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Masaru Ohme-Takagi
- Research Institute of Genome-Based Biofactory, National Insitute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan
| | - Hiroo Fukuda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Taku Demura
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- RIKEN Biomass Engineering Program, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Address correspondence to
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113
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Camehl I, Sherameti I, Venus Y, Bethke G, Varma A, Lee J, Oelmüller R. Ethylene signalling and ethylene-targeted transcription factors are required to balance beneficial and nonbeneficial traits in the symbiosis between the endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica and Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2010; 185:1062-73. [PMID: 20085621 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03149.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
*The endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica colonizes the roots of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and promotes its growth and seed production. The fungus can be cultivated in axenic culture without a host, and therefore this is an excellent system to investigate plant-fungus symbiosis. *The growth of etr1, ein2 and ein3/eil1 mutant plants was not promoted or even inhibited by the fungus; the plants produced less seeds and the roots were more colonized compared with the wild-type. This correlates with a mild activation of defence responses. The overexpression of ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR1 constitutively activated defence responses, strongly reduced root colonization and abolished the benefits for the plants. *Piriformospora indica-mediated stimulation of growth and seed yield was not affected by jasmonic acid, and jasmonic acid-responsive promoter beta-glucuronidase gene constructs did not respond to the fungus in Arabidopsis roots. *We propose that ethylene signalling components and ethylene-targeted transcription factors are required to balance beneficial and nonbeneficial traits in the symbiosis. The results show that the restriction of fungal growth by ethylene signalling components is required for the beneficial interaction between the two symbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Camehl
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Allgemeine Botanik und Pflanzenphysiologie, Jena, Germany
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114
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Zhang G, Chen M, Chen X, Xu Z, Li L, Guo J, Ma Y. Isolation and characterization of a novel EAR-motif-containing gene GmERF4 from soybean (Glycine max L.). Mol Biol Rep 2010; 37:809-18. [PMID: 19597961 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-009-9616-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional repressors are emerging as central regulators of development and stress responses in different organisms. The ERF-associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) motif was identified as essential for transcriptional repression. To gain a better understanding of this type of protein, we reported here a novel GmERF4 protein from soybean. Sequence alignment showed that GmERF4 contains one AP2/ERF domain, two putative nuclear localization signal regions and one EAR motif. The GmERF4 protein was preferentially localized to the nucleus of onion epidermis cells and bound specifically to the GCC box and DRE/CRT element in vitro. Furthermore, the expression of GmERF4 was induced by ethylene, JA, SA, cold, salt, drought, and soybean mosaic virus, and repressed by ABA. Constitutive expression of GmERF4 in transgenic tobacco plants increased tolerance to salt and drought stresses compared with wild-type plants, but did not exhibit detectable resistance against bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaiyun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China
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115
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Yun KY, Park MR, Mohanty B, Herath V, Xu F, Mauleon R, Wijaya E, Bajic VB, Bruskiewich R, de los Reyes BG. Transcriptional regulatory network triggered by oxidative signals configures the early response mechanisms of japonica rice to chilling stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2010; 10:16. [PMID: 20100339 PMCID: PMC2826336 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-10-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2009] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcriptional regulatory network involved in low temperature response leading to acclimation has been established in Arabidopsis. In japonica rice, which can only withstand transient exposure to milder cold stress (10 degrees C), an oxidative-mediated network has been proposed to play a key role in configuring early responses and short-term defenses. The components, hierarchical organization and physiological consequences of this network were further dissected by a systems-level approach. RESULTS Regulatory clusters responding directly to oxidative signals were prominent during the initial 6 to 12 hours at 10 degrees C. Early events mirrored a typical oxidative response based on striking similarities of the transcriptome to disease, elicitor and wounding induced processes. Targets of oxidative-mediated mechanisms are likely regulated by several classes of bZIP factors acting on as1/ocs/TGA-like element enriched clusters, ERF factors acting on GCC-box/JAre-like element enriched clusters and R2R3-MYB factors acting on MYB2-like element enriched clusters.Temporal induction of several H2O2-induced bZIP, ERF and MYB genes coincided with the transient H2O2 spikes within the initial 6 to 12 hours. Oxidative-independent responses involve DREB/CBF, RAP2 and RAV1 factors acting on DRE/CRT/rav1-like enriched clusters and bZIP factors acting on ABRE-like enriched clusters. Oxidative-mediated clusters were activated earlier than ABA-mediated clusters. CONCLUSION Genome-wide, physiological and whole-plant level analyses established a holistic view of chilling stress response mechanism of japonica rice. Early response regulatory network triggered by oxidative signals is critical for prolonged survival under sub-optimal temperature. Integration of stress and developmental responses leads to modulated growth and vigor maintenance contributing to a delay of plastic injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kil-Young Yun
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Myoung Ryoul Park
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Bijayalaxmi Mohanty
- South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Venura Herath
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Fuyu Xu
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Ramil Mauleon
- Crop Research Informatics Laboratory, International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Edward Wijaya
- Computational Biology Research Center, AIST Tokyo Waterfront, 2-41-6 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Vladimir B Bajic
- Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Richard Bruskiewich
- Crop Research Informatics Laboratory, International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines
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116
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Wang X, Chen X, Wang Z, Nikolay D, Vladimir C, Gao H. Isolation and characterization of GoDREB encoding an ERF-type protein in forage legume Galegae orientalis. Genes Genet Syst 2010; 85:157-66. [PMID: 21041975 DOI: 10.1266/ggs.85.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
ERF is a unique transcription factor in higher plants with AP2-like DNA-binding domains. An ERF-like gene was isolated from Galegae orientalis, termed GoDREB. Sequence alignment showed that it shares high identity with other ERF family members in AP2 domain. Transient expression analysis indicated that GoDREB protein is localized in the nucleus. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis results showed that GoDREB is induced by a variety of abiotic stress, such as cold, dehydration, and high-salinity. Exogenous hormones, such as methyl jasmonate acid and salicylic acid, also up-regulate the expression of GoDREB. However, ABA did not induce the mRNA accumulation of GoDREB. These results implied that the GoDREB might play a role in these two hormones-dependent but not be involved in the ABA-dependent stress signaling pathway. Overexpression of GoDREB in transgenic tobacco plants resulted in higher tolerance to high salinity, osmotic and low-temperature stresses. These results suggest that GoDREB may play an essential role as an ERF transcription factor in regulation of stress-responsive signaling in G. orientalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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117
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Shikata M, Koyama T, Mitsuda N, Ohme-Takagi M. Arabidopsis SBP-box genes SPL10, SPL11 and SPL2 control morphological change in association with shoot maturation in the reproductive phase. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 50:2133-45. [PMID: 19880401 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcp148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Lateral organ traits in higher plants, such as lamina shape and trichome distribution, change gradually in association with shoot maturation. Regulation of this shoot maturation process in the vegetative phase has been extensively investigated, and members of the SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN (SBP)-box family of transcription factors have been shown to be involved in this process. However, little is known about the regulation of shoot maturation in the reproductive phase. We analyzed SPL10, SPL11 and SPL2, which are closely related members of the SBP-box family in Arabidopsis. While cauline leaves had oblong lamina and few trichomes emerged on cauline leaves and flowers in wild-type plants, transgenic plants expressing a dominant repressor version of SPL10/11/2 had wide cauline leaves and many trichomes on their cauline leaves and flowers. These traits were similar to those observed at an earlier reproductive phase in wild-type plants. Loss-of-function mutants for spl10/11/2 showed similar phenotypes, indicating that SPL10, SPL11 and SPL2 redundantly control proper development of lateral organs in association with shoot maturation in the reproductive phase. In the vegetative phase, lamina shape was affected in SPL10 transgenic plants, while trichome distribution was not altered. This suggests partial regulation of shoot development in the vegetative phase by SPL10. Meanwhile, the wide cauline leaves observed in the transgenic plants and the mutants were similar to those of fruitfull (ful) mutants. We found that FUL expression in leaves increased with shoot maturation and changed in SPL10 transgenic plants. FUL may function in shoot maturation under the control of SBP-box proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Shikata
- Research Institute of Genome-Based Biofactory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8562, Japan
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118
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The homeotic gene long sterile lemma (G1) specifies sterile lemma identity in the rice spikelet. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:20103-8. [PMID: 19901325 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0907896106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of floral organ specification is principally conserved in angiosperms, as demonstrated by the ABC model. By contrast, mechanisms that regulate the development of organs or structures specific to a group of species remain unclear. Grasses have unique inflorescence units, comprising spikelets and florets. In the genus Oryza (rice), the single spikelet consists of a fertile floret subtended by a lemma and a palea, two sterile lemmas, and rudimentary glumes. Each sterile lemma is a tiny glume-like organ with a smooth surface. Here, we have examined a long sterile lemma1 (g1) mutant, in which the sterile lemma is enlarged like the lemma. Detailed phenotypic analysis reveals that the large sterile lemma in the g1 mutant appears to be caused by homeotic transformation of the sterile lemma into a lemma, suggesting that G1 is involved in the repression of lemma identity to specify the sterile lemma. Gene isolation reveals that G1 is a member of a plant-specific gene family that encodes proteins with a previously uncharacterized domain, named here ALOG (Arabidopsis LSH1 and Oryza G1). G1 mRNA is expressed in sterile lemma primordia throughout their development, and G1 protein is localized in the nucleus. A trans-activation assay using the yeast GAL4 system suggests that G1 is involved in transcriptional regulation. Repression of lemma identity by G1 is consistent with a hypothesis proposed to explain the morphological evolution of rice spikelets. We also show that a wild rice species, Oryza grandiglumis, that forms large sterile lemmas has serious mutations in the G1 gene.
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119
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Ikeda M, Mitsuda N, Ohme-Takagi M. Arabidopsis WUSCHEL is a bifunctional transcription factor that acts as a repressor in stem cell regulation and as an activator in floral patterning. THE PLANT CELL 2009; 21:3493-505. [PMID: 19897670 PMCID: PMC2798335 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.109.069997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2009] [Revised: 08/24/2009] [Accepted: 10/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Most transcription factors act either as activators or repressors, and no such factors with dual function have been unequivocally identified and characterized in plants. We demonstrate here that the Arabidopsis thaliana protein WUSCHEL (WUS), which regulates the maintenance of stem cell populations in shoot meristems, is a bifunctional transcription factor that acts mainly as a repressor but becomes an activator when involved in the regulation of the AGAMOUS (AG) gene. We show that the WUS box, which is conserved among WOX genes, is the domain that is essential for all the activities of WUS, namely, for regulation of stem cell identity and size of floral meristem. All the known activities of WUS were eliminated by mutation of the WUS box, including the ability of WUS to induce the expression of AG. The mutation of the WUS box was complemented by fusion of an exogenous repression domain, with resultant induction of somatic embryogenesis in roots and expansion of floral meristems as observed upon ectopic expression of WUS. By contrast, fusion of an exogenous activation domain did not result in expanded floral meristems but induced flowers similar to those induced by the ectopic expression of AG. Our results demonstrate that WUS acts mainly as a repressor and that its function changes from that of a repressor to that of an activator in the case of regulation of the expression of AG.
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120
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Tungngoen K, Kongsawadworakul P, Viboonjun U, Katsuhara M, Brunel N, Sakr S, Narangajavana J, Chrestin H. Involvement of HbPIP2;1 and HbTIP1;1 aquaporins in ethylene stimulation of latex yield through regulation of water exchanges between inner liber and latex cells in Hevea brasiliensis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 151:843-56. [PMID: 19656906 PMCID: PMC2754619 DOI: 10.1104/pp.109.140228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2009] [Accepted: 07/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Natural rubber is synthesized in specialized articulated cells (laticifers) located in the inner liber of Hevea brasiliensis. Upon bark tapping, the laticifer cytoplasm (latex) is expelled due to liber tissue turgor pressure. In mature virgin (untapped) trees, short-term kinetic studies confirmed that ethylene, the rubber yield stimulant used worldwide, increased latex yield, with a concomitant decrease in latex total solid content, probably through water influx in the laticifers. As the mature laticifers are devoid of plasmodesmata, the rapid water exchanges with surrounding liber cells probably occur via the aquaporin pathway. Two full-length aquaporin cDNAs (HbPIP2;1 and HbTIP1;1, for plasma membrane intrinsic protein and tonoplast intrinsic protein, respectively) were cloned and characterized. The higher efficiency of HbPIP2;1 than HbTIP1;1 in increasing plasmalemma water conductance was verified in Xenopus laevis oocytes. HbPIP2;1 was insensitive to HgCl(2). In situ hybridization demonstrated that HbPIP2;1 was expressed in all liber tissues in the young stem, including the laticifers. HbPIP2;1 was up-regulated in both liber tissues and laticifers, whereas HbTIP1;1 was down-regulated in liber tissues but up-regulated in laticifers in response to bark Ethrel treatment. Ethylene-induced HbPIP2;1 up-regulation was confirmed by western-blot analysis. The promoter sequences of both genes were cloned and found to harbor, among many others, ethylene-responsive and other chemical-responsive (auxin, copper, and sulfur) elements known to increase latex yield. Increase in latex yield in response to ethylene was emphasized to be linked with water circulation between the laticifers and their surrounding tissues as well as with the probable maintenance of liber tissue turgor, which together favor prolongation of latex flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kessarin Tungngoen
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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121
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Chen T, Liu J, Lei G, Liu YF, Li ZG, Tao JJ, Hao YJ, Cao YR, Lin Q, Zhang WK, Ma B, Chen SY, Zhang JS. Effects of tobacco ethylene receptor mutations on receptor kinase activity, plant growth and stress responses. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 50:1636-50. [PMID: 19608714 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcp107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene receptor is the first component of ethylene signaling that regulates plant growth, development and stress responses. Previously, we have demonstrated that tobacco subfamily 2 ethylene receptor NTHK1 had Ser/Thr kinase activity, and overexpression of NTHK1 caused large rosette, reduced ethylene sensitivity, and increased salt sensitivity in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Here we found that N-box mutation in the NTHK1 kinase domain abolished the kinase activity and led to disruption of NTHK1 roles in conferring reduced ethylene sensitivity and salt sensitive response in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. However, N-box mutation had partial effects on NTHK1 regulation of rosette growth and expression of salt- and ethylene-responsive genes AtNAC2, AtERF1 and AtCor6.6. Mutation of conserved residues in the H box did not affect kinase activity, seedling growth, ethylene sensitivity or salt-induced epinasty in transgenic plants but did influence NTHK1 function in control of specific salt- and ethylene-responsive gene expression. Compared with NTHK1, the tobacco subfamily 1 ethylene receptor NtETR1 had His kinase activity and played a weak role in regulation of rosette growth, triple response and salt response. Mutation of the conserved His residue in the NtETR1 H box eliminated phosphorylation and altered the effect of Ntetr1-1 on reporter gene activity. These results imply that the Ser/Thr kinase activity of NTHK1 is differentially required for various responses, and NTHK1 plays a larger role than NtETR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Plant Gene Expression Center, National Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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122
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Zhang G, Chen M, Li L, Xu Z, Chen X, Guo J, Ma Y. Overexpression of the soybean GmERF3 gene, an AP2/ERF type transcription factor for increased tolerances to salt, drought, and diseases in transgenic tobacco. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2009; 60:3781-96. [PMID: 19602544 PMCID: PMC2736888 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erp214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Revised: 05/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A new member of the AP2/ERF transcription factor family, GmERF3, was isolated from soybean. Sequence analysis showed that GmERF3 contained an AP2/ERF domain of 58 amino acids and two putative nuclear localization signal (NLS) domains. It belonged to a group IV protein in the ERF (ethylene response factor) subfamily as typified by a conserved N-terminal motif [MCGGAI(I/L)]. Expression of GmERF3 was induced by treatments with high salinity, drought, abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene (ET), and soybean mosaic virus (SMV), whereas there was no significant GmERF3 mRNA accumulation under cold stress treatment. GmERF3 could bind to the GCC box and DRE/CRT element, and was targeted to the nucleus when transiently expressed in onion epidermal cells. The GmERF3 protein fused to the GAL4 DNA-binding domain to activate transcription of reporter genes in yeast. Ectopic expression of the GmERF3 gene in transgenic tobacco plants induced the expression of some PR genes and enhanced resistance against infection by Ralstonia solanacearum, Alternaria alternata, and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), and gave tolerance to high salinity and dehydration stresses. Furthermore, overexpression of GmERF3 in transgenic tobacco led to higher levels of free proline and soluble carbohydrates compared to wild-type plants under drought conditions. The overall results suggested that GmERF3 as an AP2/ERF transcription factor may play dual roles in response to biotic and abiotic stresses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaiyun Zhang
- The National Key Facility for Crop Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ming Chen
- The National Key Facility for Crop Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Liancheng Li
- The National Key Facility for Crop Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhaoshi Xu
- The National Key Facility for Crop Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xueping Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jiaming Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Youzhi Ma
- The National Key Facility for Crop Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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123
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An R2R3-type transcription factor gene AtMYB59 regulates root growth and cell cycle progression in Arabidopsis. Cell Res 2009; 19:1291-304. [PMID: 19581938 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2009.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
MYB proteins play important roles in eukaryotic organisms. In plants, the R1R2R3-type MYB proteins function in cell cycle control. However, whether the R2R3-type MYB protein is also involved in the cell division process remains unknown. Here, we report that an R2R3-type transcription factor gene, AtMYB59, is involved in the regulation of cell cycle progression and root growth. The AtMYB59 protein is localized in the nuclei of onion epidermal cells and has transactivation activity. Expression of AtMYB59 in yeast cells suppresses cell proliferation, and the transformants have more nuclei and higher aneuploid DNA content with longer cells. Mutation in the conserved domain of AtMYB59 abolishes its effects on yeast cell growth. In synchronized Arabidopsis cell suspensions, the AtMYB59 gene is specifically expressed in the S phase during cell cycle progression. Expression and promoter-GUS analysis reveals that the AtMYB59 gene is abundantly expressed in roots. Transgenic plants overexpressing AtMYB59 have shorter roots compared with wild-type plants (Arabidopsis accession Col-0), and around half of the mitotic cells in root tips are at metaphase. Conversely, the null mutant myb59-1 has longer roots and fewer mitotic cells at metaphase than Col, suggesting that AtMYB59 may inhibit root growth by extending the metaphase of mitotic cells. AtMYB59 regulates many downstream genes, including the CYCB1;1 gene, probably through binding to MYB-responsive elements. These results support a role for AtMYB59 in cell cycle regulation and plant root growth.
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124
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Mitsuda N, Ohme-Takagi M. Functional analysis of transcription factors in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 50:1232-48. [PMID: 19478073 PMCID: PMC2709548 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcp075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Accepted: 05/26/2009] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) regulate the expression of genes at the transcriptional level. Modification of TF activity dynamically alters the transcriptome, which leads to metabolic and phenotypic changes. Thus, functional analysis of TFs using 'omics-based' methodologies is one of the most important areas of the post-genome era. In this mini-review, we present an overview of Arabidopsis TFs and introduce strategies for the functional analysis of plant TFs, which include both traditional and recently developed technologies. These strategies can be assigned to five categories: bioinformatic analysis; analysis of molecular function; expression analysis; phenotype analysis; and network analysis for the description of entire transcriptional regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masaru Ohme-Takagi
- Research Institute of Genome-Based Biofactory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 4, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, 305-8562 Japan
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125
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Ikeda M, Ohme-Takagi M. A novel group of transcriptional repressors in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 50:970-5. [PMID: 19324928 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcp048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We showed previously that the ERF-associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) motif is a plant-specific repression domain that contains the conserved amino acid sequence LXLXL. In this report, we describe the identification of a novel repression domain, L/VR/KLFGVXM/V/L, which is different from known EAR motifs, in B3 DNA-binding domain transcription factors in Arabidopsis. Database analysis revealed that 29 Arabidopsis transcription factors, which included members of the RAV, ARF, Hsf and MYB families, contain the R/KLFGV conserved motif found in the novel repression domain. We demonstrated that factors that contain the R/KLFGV motif, namely, RAV1, RAV2, HsfB1 and HsfB2b, exhibited the repressive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Ikeda
- Research Institute of Genome-based Biofactory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 4, Tsukuba 305-8562, Japan
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126
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El-Sharkawy I, Sherif S, Mila I, Bouzayen M, Jayasankar S. Molecular characterization of seven genes encoding ethylene-responsive transcriptional factors during plum fruit development and ripening. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2009; 60:907-22. [PMID: 19213809 PMCID: PMC2652048 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ern354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2008] [Revised: 11/28/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Seven ERF cDNAs were cloned from two Japanese plum (Prunus salicina L.) cultivars, 'Early Golden' (EG) and 'Shiro' (SH). Based on the sequence characterization, these Ps-ERFs could be classified into three of the four known ERF families. Their predicted amino acid sequences exhibited similarities to ERFs from other plant species. Functional nuclear localization signal analyses of two Ps-ERF proteins (Ps-ERF1a and -1b) were carried out using confocal microscopy. Expression analyses of Ps-ERF mRNAs were studied in the two plum cultivars in order to determine the role of this gene family in fruit development and ripening. The seven Ps-ERFs displayed differential expression pattern and levels throughout the various stages of flower and fruit development. The diversity in Ps-ERFs accumulation was largely due to the differences in their responses to the levels of ethylene production. However, other plant hormones such as cytokinin and auxin, which accumulate strongly throughout the various developmental stages, also influence the Ps-ERFs expression. The effect of the plant hormones, gibberellin, cytokinin, auxin, and ethylene in regulating the different Ps-ERF transcripts was investigated. A model was proposed in which the role played by the plant hormone auxin is as important as that of ethylene in initiating and determining the date and rate of ripening in Japanese plums.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. El-Sharkawy
- University of Guelph, Department of Plant Agriculture, 4890 Victoria Av. N., PO Box 7000 Vineland Station, ON, L0R 2E0 Canada
| | - S. Sherif
- University of Guelph, Department of Plant Agriculture, 4890 Victoria Av. N., PO Box 7000 Vineland Station, ON, L0R 2E0 Canada
| | - I. Mila
- UMR 990 INRA/INPT-ENSAT ‘Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits’, Av. de l'Agrobiopole, BP 32607, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France
| | - M. Bouzayen
- UMR 990 INRA/INPT-ENSAT ‘Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits’, Av. de l'Agrobiopole, BP 32607, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France
| | - S. Jayasankar
- University of Guelph, Department of Plant Agriculture, 4890 Victoria Av. N., PO Box 7000 Vineland Station, ON, L0R 2E0 Canada
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127
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Chen X, Wang Z, Wang X, Dong J, Ren J, Gao H. Isolation and characterization of GoRAV, a novel gene encoding a RAV-type protein in Galegae orientalis. Genes Genet Syst 2009; 84:101-9. [DOI: 10.1266/ggs.84.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Chen
- Pratacultural college, GANSU Agricultural University
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Zan Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Jie Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, SHANXI Agricultural University
| | - Jizhou Ren
- Pratacultural college, GANSU Agricultural University
| | - Hongwen Gao
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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128
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Hong JK, Hwang BK. The promoter of the pepper pathogen-induced membrane protein gene CaPIMP1 mediates environmental stress responses in plants. PLANTA 2009; 229:249-59. [PMID: 18936963 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-008-0824-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2008] [Accepted: 09/10/2008] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The promoter of the pepper pathogen-induced membrane protein gene CaPIMP1 was analyzed by an Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression assay in tobacco leaves. Several stress-related cis-acting elements (GT-1, W-box and ABRE) are located within the CaPIMP1 promoter. In tobacco leaf tissues transiently transformed with a CaPIMP1 promoter-beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene fusion, serially 5'-deleted CaPIMP1 promoters were differentially activated by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci, ethylene, methyl jasmonate, abscisic acid, and nitric oxide. The -1,193 bp region of the CaPIMP1 gene promoter sequence exhibited full promoter activity. The -417- and -593 bp promoter regions were sufficient for GUS gene activation by ethylene and methyl jasmonate treatments, respectively. However, CaPIMP1 promoter sequences longer than -793 bp were required for promoter activation by abscisic acid and sodium nitroprusside treatments. CaPIMP1 expression was activated in pepper leaves by treatment with ethylene, methyl jasmonate, abscisic acid, beta-amino-n-butyric acid, NaCl, mechanical wounding, and low temperature, but not with salicylic acid. Overexpression of CaPIMP1 in Arabidopsis conferred hypersensitivity to mannitol, NaCl, and ABA during seed germination but not during seedling development. In contrast, transgenic plants overexpressing CaPIMP1 exhibited enhanced tolerance to oxidative stress induced by methyl viologen during germination and early seedling stages. These results suggest that CaPIMP1 expression may alter responsiveness to environmental stress, as well as to pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeum Kyu Hong
- Department of Horticulture, College of Life Sciences and Natural Resources, Jinju National University, 150 Chilamdong, Jinju, Kyungnam, 660-758, Republic of Korea
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129
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Zhang G, Chen M, Chen X, Xu Z, Guan S, Li LC, Li A, Guo J, Mao L, Ma Y. Phylogeny, gene structures, and expression patterns of the ERF gene family in soybean (Glycine max L.). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2008; 59:4095-107. [PMID: 18832187 PMCID: PMC2639015 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ern248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2008] [Revised: 09/07/2008] [Accepted: 09/11/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Members of the ERF transcription factor family play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In soybean (Glycine max L.), however, only a few ERF genes have been studied so far. In this study, 98 unigenes that contained a complete AP2/ERF domain were identified from 63,676 unique sequences in the DFCI Soybean Gene Index database. The phylogeny, gene structures, and putative conserved motifs in soybean ERF proteins were analysed, and compared with those of Arabidopsis and rice. The members of the soybean ERF family were divided into 12 subgroups, similar to the case for Arabidopsis. AP2/ERF domains were conserved among soybean, Arabidopsis, and rice. Outside the AP2/ERF domain, many soybean-specific conserved motifs were detected. Expression analysis showed that nine unigenes belonging to six ERF family subgroups were induced by both biotic/abiotic stresses and hormone treatment, suggesting that they were involved in cross-talk between biotic and abiotic stress-responsive signalling pathways. Overexpression of two full-length genes from two different subgroups enhanced the tolerances to drought, salt stresses, and/or pathogen infection of the tobacco plants. These results will be useful for elucidating ERF gene-associated stress response signalling pathways in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaiyun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- The National Key Facility for Crop Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ming Chen
- The National Key Facility for Crop Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xueping Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhaoshi Xu
- The National Key Facility for Crop Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shan Guan
- The National Key Facility for Crop Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lian-Cheng Li
- The National Key Facility for Crop Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Aili Li
- The National Key Facility for Crop Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiaming Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Long Mao
- The National Key Facility for Crop Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Youzhi Ma
- The National Key Facility for Crop Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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130
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Kimura S, Chikagawa Y, Kato M, Maeda K, Ozeki Y. Upregulation of the promoter activity of the carrot (Daucus carota) phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene (DcPAL3) is caused by new members of the transcriptional regulatory proteins, DcERF1 and DcERF2, which bind to the GCC-box homolog and act as an activator to the DcPAL3 promoter. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2008; 121:499-508. [PMID: 18584290 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-008-0170-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2007] [Accepted: 10/10/2007] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) gene, DcPAL3, was expressed during the synthesis of anthocyanin in suspension-cultured cells of carrot (Daucus carota). There were two putative cis-elements in the DcPAL3 promoter region: the box-L and GCC-box homologs. Both of these are committed to the upregulation of promoter activity. Although box-L is known as the conserved cis-element present in the promoter region of most PAL genes of many plant species targeted by the R2R3-MYB protein, among PAL genes, the GCC-box homolog is unique to the promoter region of the DcPAL3 gene. We have isolated two proteins belonging to the ethylene-responsive element-binding factor (ERF) family, DcERF1 and DcERF2, from two different cDNA libraries prepared from anthocyanin-synthesizing cells of different cultured cell lines of carrot. The methodology employed was yeast one-hybrid screening with the GCC-box homolog as a bait. Both DcERF1 and DcERF2 bound to the GCC-box homolog sequence in vitro. Transient expression analysis showed that, in carrot protoplasts, DcERF1 was able bind to the GCC-box homolog and act as an activator of the DcPAL3 promoter. In contrast, DcERF2 itself had no ability to activate DcPAL3 promoter activity, possibly because transiently expressed DcERF2 may not be exported into the nucleus. These results suggest that DcERF1 and DcERF2 may function in different ways in committing to the upregulation of the DcPAL3 promoter activity in anthocyanin-synthesizing cells of carrot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichi Kimura
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
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131
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Wang YH, Campbell MA. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of tomato elicits unexpected flower phenotypes with similar gene expression profiles. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2974. [PMID: 18698418 PMCID: PMC2493039 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2008] [Accepted: 07/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic transformation mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens is known to cause unexpected phenotypes. Mutations of a specific set of homeotic genes can result in alterred floral structure. Methodology/Principal Findings Previously we identified two genes (LeTGA1 and SOLly GLB1) induced by nutrient availability in tomato. To further elucidate their function, we sought to knock out the genes using antisense RNAi. When antisense constructs for the two different tomato genes were each transformed into Micro-Tina tomato plants, one primary transformant with similar mutant flower phenotypes was identified from transformation of each construct. Microarray analysis shows that a similar set of genes were up- or downregulated in both mutants. Sequencing of insertion sites indicates that each is inserted into a repetitive region which could impact expression of affected genes but direct alteration of floral homeotic gene sequences was not detected. Conclusion This is the first report that dominant flower mutations could be caused by genetic transformation designed to knock out two nutrient stress related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hong Wang
- School of Science, Behrend College, Penn State University, Erie, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
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132
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Yamaguchi M, Kubo M, Fukuda H, Demura T. Vascular-related NAC-DOMAIN7 is involved in the differentiation of all types of xylem vessels in Arabidopsis roots and shoots. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2008; 55:652-64. [PMID: 18445131 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2008.03533.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY The Arabidopsis thaliana NAC domain transcription factor, vascular-related NAC-DOMAIN7 (VND7), plays a pivotal role in regulating the differentiation of root protoxylem vessels. In order to understand the mechanisms underscoring the function of VND7 in vessel differentiation in more detail, we conducted extensive molecular analyses in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), Arabidopsis, and Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Bright Yellow 2 (tobacco BY-2) cells. The transcriptional activation activity of VND7 was confirmed in yeast and Arabidopsis, and the C-terminal region was shown to be required for VND7 transcriptional activation. Expression of the C-terminus-truncated VND7 protein under the control of the native VND7 promoter resulted in inhibition of the normal development of metaxylem vessels in roots and vessels in aerial organs, as well as protoxylem vessels in roots. The expression pattern of VND7 overlapped that of VND2 to VND5 in most of the differentiating vessels. Furthermore, a yeast two-hybrid assay revealed the ability of VND7 to form homodimers and heterodimers with other VND proteins via their N-termini, which include the NAC domain. The heterologous expression of VND7 in tobacco BY-2 cells demonstrated that the stability of VND7 could be regulated by proteasome-mediated degradation. Together these data suggest that VND7 regulates the differentiation of all types of vessels in roots and shoots, possibly in cooperation with VND2 to VND5 and other regulatory proteins.
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133
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Liao Y, Zou HF, Wei W, Hao YJ, Tian AG, Huang J, Liu YF, Zhang JS, Chen SY. Soybean GmbZIP44, GmbZIP62 and GmbZIP78 genes function as negative regulator of ABA signaling and confer salt and freezing tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis. PLANTA 2008; 228:225-40. [PMID: 18365246 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-008-0731-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2007] [Accepted: 03/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
From soybean plant, 131 bZIP genes were identified and named as GmbZIPs. The GmbZIPs can be classified into ten groups and more than one third of these GmbZIPs are responsive to at least one of the four treatments including ABA, salt, drought and cold stresses. Previous studies have shown that group A bZIP proteins are involved in ABA and stress signaling. We now chose four non-group A genes to study their features. The four proteins GmbZIP44, GmbZIP46, GmbZIP62 and GmbZIP78 belong to the group S, I, C and G, respectively, and can bind to GLM (GTGAGTCAT), ABRE (CCACGTGG) and PB-like (TGAAAA) elements with differential affinity in both the yeast one-hybrid assay and in vitro gel-shift analysis. GmbZIP46 can form homodimer or heterodimer with GmbZIP62 or GmMYB76. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing the GmbZIP44, GmbZIP62 or GmbZIP78 showed reduced ABA sensitivity. However, all the transgenic plants were more tolerant to salt and freezing stresses when compared with the Col plants. The GmbZIP44, GmbZIP62 and GmbZIP78 may function in ABA signaling through upregulation of ABI1 and ABI2 and play roles in stress tolerance through regulation of various stress-responsive genes. These results indicate that GmbZIP44, GmbZIP62 and GmbZIP78 are negative regulators of ABA signaling and function in salt and freezing tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liao
- Plant Gene Research Center, National Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
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134
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Chen G, Hu Z, Grierson D. Differential regulation of tomato ethylene responsive factor LeERF3b, a putative repressor, and the activator Pti4 in ripening mutants and in response to environmental stresses. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2008; 165:662-70. [PMID: 17570560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2007.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2007] [Revised: 03/21/2007] [Accepted: 03/22/2007] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene responsive transcription factors (ERFs) can be grouped into different classes with either gene activator or repressor activity. We have isolated a tomato ERF cDNA clone (LeERF3b) with sequence similarity to class II (repressor class) of the ERF family, which is regulated differently from Pti4 (a tomato ERF domain-containing gene that activates other genes). LeERF3b has similarities to other tomato ERF cDNAs but the DNA or predicted amino acid sequences have significant differences. Northern analysis showed that Pti4 was highly expressed during fruit ripening, whereas LeERF3b accumulated before and declined sharply after the onset of ripening. Furthermore, Pti4 mRNA was significantly reduced in low-ethylene tomato fruit containing an ACC oxidase sense-suppression transgene and also in the ethylene insensitive mutant never ripe (Nr). By contrast, the LeERF3b mRNA was markedly increased in those fruits. Environmental stresses including drought, desiccation and low temperature increased significantly the expression level of LeERF3b, but markedly reduced the level of Pti4 mRNA. Conversely, wounding induced the accumulation of Pti4 mRNA, but had no significant effect on the level of LeERF3b. These opposing patterns of regulation of mRNA accumulation are consistent with the activator function of Pti4 and a repressor function for LeERF3b in ethylene responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Chen
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
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135
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Trujillo LE, Sotolongo M, Menéndez C, Ochogavía ME, Coll Y, Hernández I, Borrás-Hidalgo O, Thomma BPHJ, Vera P, Hernández L. SodERF3, a novel sugarcane ethylene responsive factor (ERF), enhances salt and drought tolerance when overexpressed in tobacco plants. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2008; 49:512-25. [PMID: 18281696 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcn025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
The molecular signals and pathways that govern biotic and abiotic stress responses in sugarcane are poorly understood. Here we describe SodERF3, a sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L. cv Ja60-5) cDNA that encodes a 201-amino acid DNA-binding protein that acts as a transcriptional regulator of the ethylene responsive factor (ERF) superfamily. Like other ERF transcription factors, the SodERF3 protein binds to the GCC box, and its deduced amino acid sequence contains an N-terminal putative nuclear localization signal (NLS). In addition, a C-terminal short hydrophobic region that is highly homologous to an ERF-associated amphiphilic repression-like motif, typical for class II ERFs, was found. Northern and Western blot analysis showed that SodERF3 is induced by ethylene. In addition, SodERF3 is induced by ABA, salt stress and wounding. Greenhouse-grown transgenic tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. SR1) expressing SodERF3 were found to display increased tolerance to drought and osmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Trujillo
- Laboratory of Plant Microbe Interactions, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba.
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136
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Mapping methyl jasmonate-mediated transcriptional reprogramming of metabolism and cell cycle progression in cultured Arabidopsis cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:1380-5. [PMID: 18216250 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0711203105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) are plant-specific signaling molecules that steer a diverse set of physiological and developmental processes. Pathogen attack and wounding inflicted by herbivores induce the biosynthesis of these hormones, triggering defense responses both locally and systemically. We report on alterations in the transcriptome of a fast-dividing cell culture of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana after exogenous application of methyl JA (MeJA). Early MeJA response genes encoded the JA biosynthesis pathway proteins and key regulators of MeJA responses, including most JA ZIM domain proteins and MYC2, together with transcriptional regulators with potential, but yet unknown, functions in MeJA signaling. In a second transcriptional wave, MeJA reprogrammed cellular metabolism and cell cycle progression. Up-regulation of the monolignol biosynthesis gene set resulted in an increased production of monolignols and oligolignols, the building blocks of lignin. Simultaneously, MeJA repressed activation of M-phase genes, arresting the cell cycle in G(2). MeJA-responsive transcription factors were screened for their involvement in early signaling events, in particular the regulation of JA biosynthesis. Parallel screens based on yeast one-hybrid and transient transactivation assays identified both positive (MYC2 and the AP2/ERF factor ORA47) and negative (the C2H2 Zn finger proteins STZ/ZAT10 and AZF2) regulators, revealing a complex control of the JA autoregulatory loop and possibly other MeJA-mediated downstream processes.
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137
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Jin LG, Liu JY. Molecular cloning, expression profile and promoter analysis of a novel ethylene responsive transcription factor gene GhERF4 from cotton (Gossypium hirstum). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2008; 46:46-53. [PMID: 18035549 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2007.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2006] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene-responsive element binding factors (ERFs) are plant-specific transcription factors, many of which have been linked to stress responses. A novel ERF gene, designated GhERF4, was isolated by RACE-PCR from Gossypium hirsutum. The GhERF4 cDNA has a total length of 1061bp with an open reading frame of 669bp, encoding a protein of 222 amino acids with a molecular weight of 23.5kDa and a calculated pI of 9.03. Sequence alignment shows that GhERF4 contains a 58 amino acid long AP2/ERF domain and a RKRP nuclear localization signal, and belongs to a group II protein in the ERF subfamily as typified by the C-terminal ERF-associated Amphiphilic Repression (EAR) motif. Southern blot analysis indicates that GhERF4 is a single copy gene in cotton genome. Using green fluorescent protein fusion, we demonstrate that GhERF4 accumulates specifically in the nucleus of onion epidermis cells. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR reveals that GhERF4 is constitutively expressed in true leaves, roots, seeds and stems. The transcripts of GhERF4 accumulate highly and rapidly when plants are treated with exogenous ethylene, salt, cold, drought stresses and exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) treatment, suggesting that GhERF4 is regulated by certain components of the stress signaling pathway. Promoter analysis indicates that the 5' upstream region of GhERF4 possesses some elements induced by physiological and environmental factors. These results indicate that GhERF4 may play an important role in response to ethylene, ABA and environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Guo Jin
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
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138
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139
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Sasaki K, Mitsuhara I, Seo S, Ito H, Matsui H, Ohashi Y. Two novel AP2/ERF domain proteins interact with cis-element VWRE for wound-induced expression of the Tobacco tpoxN1 gene. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2007; 50:1079-92. [PMID: 17488240 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2007.03111.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The vascular system-specific and wound-responsive cis-element (VWRE) has been identified as a novel cis-element for wound-induced and vascular system-specific expression of the tobacco peroxidase gene, tpoxN1. Here we isolated two independent clones that encode VWRE binding proteins by yeast one-hybrid screening. As the gene products have an AP2/ERF (APETALA2/ethylene-responsive factor) domain, and the transcripts were accumulated transiently after wounding, we named them wound-responsive AP2/ERF-like factor 1 (WRAF1) and WRAF2. The AP2/ERF domains of the two WRAFs share 97% homology, and are classified into the ERF subfamily B-4. Gel mobility shift analysis indicated that WRAFs specifically bind VWRE, which contains no known cis-elements for other AP2/ERF proteins. The binding activity of the WRAFs was found to be localized in the AP2/ERF domain. The WRAFs transactivated a promoter containing four tandem repeats of the VWRE, but not that of the mutated VWRE. Overexpression of the WRAF genes led to constitutive expression of the potential target gene, tpoxN1, in unwounded transgenic plants. These results indicate that the novel transcription factors WRAF1 and WRAF2 bind the VWRE as positive regulators for the expression of the tpoxN1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsutomo Sasaki
- Division of Plant Sciences, Organization of National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
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140
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Chujo T, Takai R, Akimoto-Tomiyama C, Ando S, Minami E, Nagamura Y, Kaku H, Shibuya N, Yasuda M, Nakashita H, Umemura K, Okada A, Okada K, Nojiri H, Yamane H. Involvement of the elicitor-induced gene OsWRKY53 in the expression of defense-related genes in rice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 1769:497-505. [PMID: 17532485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbaexp.2007.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2007] [Revised: 04/11/2007] [Accepted: 04/11/2007] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We present a detailed characterization of the chitin oligosaccharide elicitor-induced gene OsWRKY53. OsWRKY53 was also induced in suspension-cultured rice cells by a fungal cerebroside elicitor and in rice plants by infection with the blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea. A fusion of OsWRKY53 with green fluorescent protein was detected exclusively in the nuclei of onion epidermal cells, and OsWRKY53 protein specifically bound to W-box elements. A transient assay using the particle bombardment method showed that OsWRKY53 is a transcriptional activator. A microarray analysis revealed that several defense-related genes, including pathogenesis-related protein genes such as PBZ1, were upregulated in rice cells overexpressing OsWRKY53. Finally, overexpression of OsWRKY53 in rice plants resulted in enhanced resistance to M. grisea. These results strongly suggest that OsWRKY53 is a transcription factor that plays important roles in elicitor-induced defense signaling pathways in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Chujo
- Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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141
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Mazarei M, Elling AA, Maier TR, Puthoff DP, Baum TJ. GmEREBP1 is a transcription factor activating defense genes in soybean and Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2007; 20:107-19. [PMID: 17313162 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-20-2-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene-responsive element-binding proteins (EREBPs) are plant-specific transcription factors, many of which have been linked to plant defense responses. Conserved EREBP domains bind to the GCC box, a promoter element found in pathogenesis-related (PR) genes. We previously identified an EREBP gene from soybean (GmEREBP1) whose transcript abundance decreased in soybean cyst-nematode-infected roots of a susceptible cultivar, whereas it increased in abundance in infected roots of a resistant cultivar. Here, we report further characterization of this gene. Transient expression analyses showed that GmEREBP1 is localized to the plant nucleus and functions as a transcriptional activator in soybean leaves. Transgenic soybean plants expressing GmEREBP1 activated the expression of the ethylene (ET)-responsive gene PR2 and the ET- and jasmonic acid (JA)-responsive gene PR3, and the salicylic acid (SA)-responsive gene PR1 but not the SA-responsive PR5. Similarly, transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing GmEREBP1 showed elevated mRNA abundance of the ET-regulated gene PR3 and the ET- and JA-regulated defense-related gene PDF1.2 but not the ET-regulated GST2, and the SA-regulated gene PR1 but not the SA-regulated PR2 and PR5. Transgenic soybean and Arabidopsis plants inoculated with cyst nematodes did not display a significantly altered susceptibility to nematode infection. These results collectively show that GmEREBP1 functions as a transacting inducer of defense gene expression in both soybean and Arabidopsis and mediates the expression of both ET- and JA- and SA-regulated defense-related genes in these plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Mazarei
- Department of Plant Pathology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA
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142
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Koyama T, Furutani M, Tasaka M, Ohme-Takagi M. TCP transcription factors control the morphology of shoot lateral organs via negative regulation of the expression of boundary-specific genes in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2007; 19:473-84. [PMID: 17307931 PMCID: PMC1867346 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.106.044792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Plants form shoot meristems in the so-called boundary region, and these meristems are necessary for normal morphogenesis of aerial parts of plants. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate the formation of shoot meristems are not fully understood. We report here that expression of a chimeric repressor from TCP3 (TCP3SRDX), a member of TEOSINTE BRANCHED1, CYCLOIDEA, and PCF (TCP) transcription factors in Arabidopsis thaliana, resulted in the formation of ectopic shoots on cotyledons and various defects in organ development. Expression of TCP3SRDX induced ectopic expression of boundary-specific genes, namely the CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON (CUC) genes, and suppressed the expression of miR164, whose product cleaves the transcripts of CUC genes. This abnormal phenotype was substantially reversed on the cuc1 mutant background. By contrast, gain of function of TCP3 suppressed the expression of CUC genes and resulted in the fusion of cotyledons and defects in formation of shoots. The pattern of expression of TCP3 did not overlap with that of the CUC genes. In addition, we found that eight TCPs had functions similar to that of TCP3. Our results demonstrate that the TCP transcription factors play a pivotal role in the control of morphogenesis of shoot organs by negatively regulating the expression of boundary-specific genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotsugu Koyama
- Research Institute of Genome-Based Biofactory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
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143
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Zhang H, Li W, Chen J, Yang Y, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Wang XC, Huang R. Transcriptional activator TSRF1 reversely regulates pathogen resistance and osmotic stress tolerance in tobacco. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2007; 63:63-71. [PMID: 17160455 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-006-9072-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2006] [Accepted: 08/07/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidences show that ethylene-responsive factor (ERF) proteins regulate plant stress response and the interaction of different stress responsive pathways through interacting with different cis-acting elements, even other transcription factors. Here, we report a transcriptional activator TSRF1, which was previously demonstrated to regulate plant resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum, reversely regulates pathogen resistance and osmotic stress tolerance in tobacco. Sequence analysis revealed that TSRF1 contains a putative transcriptional activation domain. Using yeast two hybrid system we evidenced that this activation domain is essential for activating the expression of reporter gene. To confirm the broad-spectrum pathogen resistance of TSRF1 we observed that over-expressing TSRF1 enhances the resistance to Pseudomonas syringae and Botrytis cinerea in both tobacco and tomato plants, but RNA interference of TSRF1 in tomato plants decreases the resistance to these pathogens, unraveling the positive regulation of TSRF1 in plant pathogen infections. The expression of TSRF1 in response to NaCl and mannitol suggests the possible functions of TSRF1 in osmotic stress responses, but the physiological tests indicate that expressing TSRF1 in tobaccos decreases tolerance to NaCl or mannitol during germination and seedling root development, and this result was consistent with PEG6000 treatment with mature tobacco seedlings, indicating the negative modulation of TSRF1 in osmotic stress response. Therefore, our research reveals that transcriptional activator TSRF1 reversely regulates plant pathogen resistance and osmotic stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Zhang
- National Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
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144
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Cao Y, Song F, Goodman RM, Zheng Z. Molecular characterization of four rice genes encoding ethylene-responsive transcriptional factors and their expressions in response to biotic and abiotic stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2006; 163:1167-78. [PMID: 16436304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2005.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2005] [Accepted: 11/10/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We isolated and identified four rice genes, OsBIERF1 to OsBIERF4 (Oryza sativa benzothiadiazole (BTH)-induced ethylene responsive transcriptional factors (ERF)) and analyzed their expressions in rice disease resistance response and under various abiotic stress conditions. The OsBIERF1-4 proteins contain conserved ERF domains, but are categorized into different classes of the previously characterized ERF proteins based on their structural organizations. OsBIERF3 and OsBIERF2 belong to Classes I and II, respectively; while OsBIRERF1 and OsBIERF4 are members of Class IV. OsBIERF3 could bind specifically to the GCC box sequence and was targeted to nucleus when transiently expressed in onion epidermis cells. Expression of OsBIERF1, OsBIERF3 and OsBIERF4 was induced by treatments with BTH and salicylic acid, chemical inducers capable of inducing disease resistance response in rice. In the BTH-treated rice seedlings, expression of OsBIERF1, OsBIERF3 and OsBIERF4 was further induced by infection with Magnaporthe grisea, the rice blast fungus, as compared with those in water-treated seedlings. OsBIERF1 and OsBIERF3 were activated in an incompatible interaction but not in compatible interaction between rice and M. grisea. Moreover, OsBIERF1, OsBIERF3 and OsBIERF4 were also up-regulated by salt, cold, drought and wounding. These results suggest that OsBIERF proteins may participate in different signaling pathways that mediate disease resistance response and stress responses to abiotic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Cao
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, PR China
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145
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Agarwal M, Hao Y, Kapoor A, Dong CH, Fujii H, Zheng X, Zhu JK. A R2R3 type MYB transcription factor is involved in the cold regulation of CBF genes and in acquired freezing tolerance. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:37636-45. [PMID: 17015446 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m605895200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 530] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold temperatures trigger the expression of the CBF family of transcription factors, which in turn activate many downstream genes that confer freezing tolerance to plants. It has been shown previously that the cold regulation of CBF3 involves an upstream bHLH-type transcription factor, ICE1. ICE1 binds to the Myc recognition sequences in the CBF3 promoter. Apart from Myc recognition sequences, CBF promoters also have Myb recognition sequences. We report here that the Arabidopsis MYB15 is involved in cold-regulation of CBF genes and in the development of freezing tolerance. The MYB15 gene transcript is up-regulated by cold stress. The MYB15 protein interacts with ICE1 and binds to Myb recognition sequences in the promoters of CBF genes. Overexpression of MYB15 results in reduced expression of CBF genes whereas its loss-of-function leads to increased expression of CBF genes in the cold. The myb15 mutant plants show increased tolerance to freezing stress whereas its overexpression reduces freezing tolerance. Our results suggest that MYB15 is part of a complex network of transcription factors controlling the expression of CBFs and other genes in response to cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Agarwal
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology and Department of Botany & Plant Science, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
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146
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Sohn KH, Lee SC, Jung HW, Hong JK, Hwang BK. Expression and functional roles of the pepper pathogen-induced transcription factor RAV1 in bacterial disease resistance, and drought and salt stress tolerance. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 61:897-915. [PMID: 16927203 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-006-0057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2005] [Accepted: 03/28/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel pathogen-induced gene encoding the RAV (Related to ABI3/VP1) transcription factor, CARAV1, was isolated from pepper leaves infected with Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. CARAV1 contains two distinct DNA-binding domains AP2 and B3 uniquely found in higher plants. Transient expression analysis of the smGFP:CARAV1 fusion construct in Arabidopsis protoplasts and pepper epidermal cells revealed the CARAV1 protein to be localized in the nucleus. The N-terminal region of CARAV1 fused to the GAL4 DNA-binding domain was required to activate transcription of reporter genes in yeast. In yeast one-hybrid, the recognition of CAACA and CACCTG motifs also were essential for the CARAV1 protein to bind to a specific target gene and activate the reporter gene. The expression of the CARAV1 gene was strongly induced early in pepper leaves during the pathogen infection, abiotic elicitors and environmental stresses. CARAV1 transcripts were localized in the phloem cells of leaf tissues during pathogen infection and ethylene treatment. Ectopic expression of the CARAV1 gene in transgenic Arabidopsis plants induced some PR genes and enhanced resistance against infection by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 and osmotic stresses by high salinity and dehydration. The CARAV1 promoter activation was induced by P. syringae pv. tabaci, salicylic acid and abscisic acid. These data suggest that pathogen- and abiotic stress-inducible CARAV1 functions as a transcriptional activator triggering resistance to bacterial infection and tolerance to osmotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kee Hoon Sohn
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Pathology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
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147
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Lee SC, Hwang BK. Identification and deletion analysis of the promoter of the pepper SAR8.2 gene activated by bacterial infection and abiotic stresses. PLANTA 2006; 224:255-67. [PMID: 16395580 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-005-0210-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2005] [Accepted: 12/12/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The pepper SAR8.2 gene, CASAR82A, was locally and systemically induced in pepper plants which had been infected by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria or by Pseudomonas fluorescens. The DNA 1,283 bp sequence upstream of the CASAR82A gene was assessed with regard to the activity of the CASAR82A promoter fused to the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene, via an Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression assay. In tobacco leaves which transiently expressed the -831 bp CASAR82A promoter, GUS activity was locally and systemically induced by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci. GUS activity, which was driven by the -831 promoter, was also differentially activated in the leaves as the result of treatment with salicylic acid, ethylene, methyl jasmonate, abscisic acid, NaCl, and low temperatures. The -831 bp sequence upstream of the CASAR82A gene elicited full promoter activity in response to pathogen infection, abiotic elicitors, and environmental stresses. The expression of the pepper transcription factor, CARAV1, was shown to activate the CASAR82A promoter. Analyses of a series of 5'-deletions of the CASAR82A promoter revealed that novel cis-acting elements necessary for the induction of gene expression as the result of exposure to pathogen and abiotic elicitors appear to be localized in the promoter region between -831 and -759 bp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Chul Lee
- Division of Bioscience and Technology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Korea University, 136-713, Seoul, Korea
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148
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Sreenivasulu N, Radchuk V, Strickert M, Miersch O, Weschke W, Wobus U. Gene expression patterns reveal tissue-specific signaling networks controlling programmed cell death and ABA- regulated maturation in developing barley seeds. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 47:310-27. [PMID: 16771774 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2006.02789.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression patterns covering over 10,000 seed-expressed sequences were analyzed by macroarray technology in maternal tissue (mainly pericarp) and filial endosperm and embryo during barley seed development from anthesis until late maturation. Defined sets of genes showing distinct expression patterns characterized both tissue type and major developmental phases. The analysis focused on regulatory networks involved in programmed cell death (PCD) and abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated maturation. These processes were similar in the different tissues, but typically involved the expression of alternative members of a common gene family. The analysis of co-expressed gene sets and the identification of cis regulatory elements in orthologous rice gene 'promoter' regions suggest that PCD in the pericarp is mediated by distinct classes of proteases and is under the hormonal control of both jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene via ethylene-responsive element binding protein (EREBP) transcription factors (TFs). On the other hand, PCD in endosperm apparently involves only the ethylene pathway, but employs distinct gene family members from those active in the pericarp, and a different set of proteases and TFs. JA biosynthetic genes are hardly activated. Accordingly, JA levels are high in the pericarp but low in the endosperm during middle and late developmental stages. Similarly, genes acting in the deduced ABA biosynthetic pathway and signaling network differ between endosperm and embryo. ABA in the endosperm appears to exert an influence over storage product synthesis via SNF1 kinase. In the embryo, ABA seems to influence the acquisition of desiccation tolerance via ABA response element binding factors, but the data also suggest the existence of an ABA-independent but interactive pathway acting via the dehydration-responsive element binding (DREB) 2A TF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nese Sreenivasulu
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, D-06466, Germany
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149
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Cao WH, Liu J, Zhou QY, Cao YR, Zheng SF, Du BX, Zhang JS, Chen SY. Expression of tobacco ethylene receptor NTHK1 alters plant responses to salt stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2006; 29:1210-9. [PMID: 17080944 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2006.01501.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene has been regarded as a stress hormone involved in many stress responses. However, ethylene receptors have not been studied for the roles they played under salt stress condition. Previously, we characterized an ethylene receptor gene NTHK1 from tobacco, and found that NTHK1 is salt-inducible. Here, we report a further investigation towards the function of NTHK1 in response to salt stress by using a transgenic approach. We found that NTHK1 promotes leaf growth in the transgenic tobacco seedlings but affects salt sensitivity in these transgenic seedlings under salt stress condition. Differential Na+/K+ ratio was observed in the control Xanthi and NTHK1-transgenic plants after salt stress treatment. We further found that the NTHK1 transgene is also salt-inducible in the transgenic plants, and the higher NTHK1 expression results in early inductions of the ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid) oxidase gene NtACO3 and ethylene responsive factor (ERF) genes NtERF1 and NtERF4 under salt stress. However, NTHK1 suppresses the salt-inducible expression of the ACC synthase gene NtACS1. These results indicate that NTHK1 regulates salt stress responses by affecting ion accumulation and related gene expressions, and hence have significance in elucidation of ethylene receptor functions during stress signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Hong Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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150
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Qin J, Zuo K, Zhao J, Ling H, Cao Y, Qiu C, Li F, Sun X, Tang K. Overexpression of GbERF confers alteration of ethylene-responsive gene expression and enhanced resistance to Pseudomonas syringae in transgenic tobacco. J Biosci 2006; 31:255-63. [PMID: 16809858 DOI: 10.1007/bf02703918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
GbERF belongs to the ERF (ethylene responsive factor) family of transcription factors and regulates the GCC-box containing pathogen-related (PR) genes in the ethylene signal transduction pathway. To study the function of GbERF in the process of biotic stress, transgenic tobacco plants expressing GbERF were generated. Overexpression of GbERF did not change transgenic plant's phenotype and endogenous ethylene level. However, the expression profile of some ethylene-inducible GCC-box and non-GCC-box containing genes was altered, such as PR1b, PR2, PR3, PR4, Osmotin, CHN50, ACC oxidase and ACC synthase genes. These data indicate that the cotton GbERF could act as a transcriptional activator or repressor to regulate the differential expression of ethylene-inducible genes via GCC and non-GCC cis-elements. Moreover, the constitutive expression of GbERF in transgenic tobacco enhanced the plant's resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv tabaci infection. In conclusion, GbERF mediates the expression of a wide array of PR and ethylene-responsive genes and plays an important role in the plant's response to biotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qin
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology, R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shaghai, People's Republic of China
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