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Lubner MG, Jones D, Kloke J, Said A, Pickhardt PJ. CT texture analysis of the liver for assessing hepatic fibrosis in patients with hepatitis C virus. Br J Radiol 2018; 92:20180153. [PMID: 30182750 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20180153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate CT texture analysis (CTTA) for non-invasively staging of hepatic fibrosis (stages F0-F4) in a cohort of patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV). METHODS Quantitative texture analysis of the liver was performed on abdominal multidimensional CT scans. Single slice region of interest measurements of the total liver, Couinaud segments IV-VIII and segments I-III were made. CT texture parameters were tested against stage of hepatic fibrosis in segments IV-VIII on the portal venous phase. Texture parameters were correlated with biopsy performed within 1 year for all cases with intermediate fibrosis (F0-F3). RESULTS CT scans of 556 adults (360 males, 196 females; mean age, 49.8 years), including a healthy control group (F0, n = 77) and patients with hepatitis C virus and Stage 0 disease (n = 49), and patients with increasing stages of fibrosis (F1, n = 80; F2 n = 99; F3 n = 87; F4 n = 164) were evaluated. Mean gray level intensity increased with increasing fibrosis. For significant fibrosis (≥F2), mean showed receiver operatingcharacteristic area under the curve (AUC) of 0.80 with sensitivity and specificity of 74 and 75% using a threshold of 0.44, with similar receiver operatingcharacteristic AUC and sensitivity/specificity for advanced fibrosis (≥F3). Skewness and kurtosis were inversely associated with hepatic fibrosis, most prominently in cirrhotic patients. A multivariate model combining these four texture features (mean, mpp, skewness and kurtosis) showed slightly improved performance with AUC of 0.82, 0.82 and 0.86 for any fibrosis (F0 vs F1-F4), significant fibrosis (F0-1 vs F2-4) and advanced fibrosis (F0-2 vs F3-4) respectively. CONCLUSION CT texture features may be associated with hepatic fibrosis and have utility in staging fibrosis, particularly at advanced levels. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE CTTA may be helpful in detecting and staging hepatic fibrosis, particularly at advanced levels. CT measures like CTTA can be retrospectively evaluated without special equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan G Lubner
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Daniel Jones
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - John Kloke
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Perry J Pickhardt
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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Glucose Metabolism Changes in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Treated with Direct Acting Antivirals. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 2018:6095097. [PMID: 30402450 PMCID: PMC6192081 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6095097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chronic hepatitis C is a systemic disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) belongs to more common extrahepatic. The aim of this study was to (i) explore the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and T2DM in patients with chronic hepatitis C, (ii) explore the effect of direct acting antivirals (DAA) treatment on the glycemia, and (iii) explore the factors that modulate the effect of DAA treatment on glycemia in patients with chronic hepatitis C. METHODS We performed a longitudinal retrospective observational study focused on the patients undergoing DAA treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Data about glycemia, history of diabetes, hepatitis C virus, treatment, and liver status, including elastography, were obtained at baseline (before treatment start), at the end of treatment and 12 weeks after the end of treatment. Patients were treated with various regimens of direct acting antivirals. RESULTS We included 370 patients; 45.9% had F4 fibrosis. At baseline, the prevalence of T2DM increased with the degree of fibrosis (F0-F2 14.4%, F3 21.3%, and F4 31.8%, p=0.004). Fasting glycemia also increased with the degree of fibrosis (F0-F2 5.75±0.18 F3 5.84±0.17, and F4 6.69±0.2 mmol/L, p=0.001). We saw significant decrease of glycemia after treatment in all patients, but patients without T2DM or IFG from 6.21±0.12 to 6.08±0.15 mmol/L (p=0.002). The decrease was also visible in treatment experienced patients and patients with Child-Pugh A cirrhosis. CONCLUSION We confirmed that the prevalence of either T2DM or IFG increases in chronic hepatitis C patients with the degree of fibrosis. The predictive factors for T2DM were, besides F4, fibrosis also higher age and BMI. Significant decrease of fasting glycemia after the DAA treatment was observed in the whole cohort and in subgroups of patients with T2DM, IFG, cirrhotic, and treatment experienced patients.
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103
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Potential Role of Microfibrillar-Associated Protein 4, Fibrotic Indices and Oxidative Stress in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Sci Pharm 2018; 86:scipharm86040044. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm86040044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. In an attempt to understand some potential mechanisms of persistence and oncogenicity of Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related HCC, microfibrillar-associated protein 4 (MFAP4), fibrotic indices and oxidative status biomarkers were assessed in the sera of 50 patients with HCV-associated HCC, 25 patients with HCV-related liver cirrhosis and 15 healthy individuals. Serum oxidized Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and malondialdehyde showed significant elevation in HCC patients compared to the control group (p < 0.001), as well as cirrhotic patients (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively), while serum glutathione content and superoxide dismutase activity were significantly decreased in HCC patients compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Serum MFAP4, aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI), fibrosis index based on the 4 factors (FIB-4) and Forns index showed significant increase in HCC patients compared to the control group (p < 0.001), while only APRI and FIB-4 were significantly different between HCC and cirrhotic patients (p < 0.05), with a sensitivity of 86% and 92%, respectively, at cut off ≥0.7 for APRI and ≥1.57 for FIB-4. Therefore, increasing oxidative stress and fibrosis might mediate HCV induced cirrhosis and HCC. APRI and FIB-4 may be used as a simple non-expensive formula for the screening of HCC rather than MFAP4.
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104
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Zhang J, Du X, Zhou Z, Lv F, Yu Y. Spleen thickness can predict significant liver pathology in patients with chronic hepatitis B with persistently normal alanine aminotransferase or minimally raised alanine aminotransferase: a retrospective study. J Int Med Res 2018; 47:122-132. [PMID: 30213226 PMCID: PMC6384475 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518796760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Liver biopsy is the gold standard test for assessment of liver pathology. This study was performed to assess the predictive value of spleen thickness for liver pathology and the role of routine follow-up procedures in significant liver pathology for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) with persistently normal alanine aminotransferase (PNALT) or minimally raised alanine aminotransferase (ALT). METHODS Patients with CHB who underwent percutaneous liver biopsy were retrospectively reviewed. The relationship of liver pathology with age, ALT, hepatitis B e-antigen, and spleen thickness was statistically analyzed, and the predictive accuracy of spleen thickness was evaluated. RESULTS In total, 80.65% of patients had significant necroinflammation and/or fibrosis. Nearly 60% of patients had splenomegaly, of which 89.12% had a histopathological grade of ≥G2 and/or S2. Spleen thickness was predictive of liver pathology, and significant histological findings increased as the hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA level increased. CONCLUSIONS Spleen thickness is an effective predictor of liver pathology in patients with PNALT or minimally raised ALT. Additionally, the prevalence of significant histological findings tended to increase as the HBV DNA level increased. Patients with CHB and splenomegaly and a high HBV DNA level should be treated early with antivirals to improve liver pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxing Du
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Lv
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunsong Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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105
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Lubner MG, Pickhardt PJ. Multidetector Computed Tomography for Retrospective, Noninvasive Staging of Liver Fibrosis. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2018; 47:569-584. [PMID: 30115438 DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Although not traditionally used to assess hepatic fibrosis, computed tomography (CT) is fast, accessible, robust, and commonly used for abdominal indications. CT metrics are often easily retrospectively obtained without special equipment. Metrics such as liver segmental volume ratio, which quantifies regional hepatic volume changes; splenic volume; and liver surface nodularity scoring show diagnostic performance comparable to elastography techniques for detecting significant and advanced fibrosis. Other emerging CT tools, such as CT texture analysis and fractional extracellular volume, have also shown promise in identifying fibrosis and warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan G Lubner
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, E3/311 Clinical Sciences Center, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
| | - Perry J Pickhardt
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, E3/311 Clinical Sciences Center, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
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106
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Navrotsky AN. [Diagnostic possibilities of methods for the evaluation of liver fibrosis in chronic viral hepatitis]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2018. [PMID: 28635835 DOI: 10.17116/terarkh20168811149-155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The paper reviews the diagnostic possibilities of different methods for the evaluation of liver fibrosis in chronic viral hepatitis from the point of view of their clinical application. Histological examination retains its value as the gold standard method in evaluating the liver. Transient elastography is a rather effective tool for identifying severe liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Navrotsky
- Omsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Omsk, Russia
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107
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Ouyang GX, Zhang YM, Zhu SL, Wang P, Ren Y, Li JH, Liu YK, Chen J, Xiang BD, Li LQ, Liu JY, Zhang ZM. A novel, non-invasive model for diagnosing liver fibrosis stage in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13074. [PMID: 30166568 PMCID: PMC6117345 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31351-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of the platelet count-to-spleen volume ratio (PSR) for diagnosing hepatic fibrosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this interim analysis of an on-going prospective study, 117 patients with HCC and with or without cirrhosis or fibrosis in different stages were analyzed. Fibrosis staging negatively correlated with PSR and the liver volume-to-spleen volume ratio (LSR), while it positively correlated with aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), Frons' index, S-index and a fibrosis index based on four factors (FIB-4). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was significantly larger for PSR (0.777) than LSR (0.633, P = 0.002). Among patients with significant fibrosis, AUROC for PSR did not differ significantly from the AUROCs for APRI (0.789, P = 0.825), Frons' index (0.674, P = 0.102), FIB-4 (0.704, P = 0.251) or S-index (0.696, P = 0.204). Among patients with severe fibrosis, AUROC was significantly higher for PSR (0.808) than for LSR (0.685, P = 0.003), Frons' index (0.673, P = 0.014), FIB-4 (0.684, P = 0.029), or S-index (0.672, P = 0.016); in contrast, the AUROC for PSR was not significantly different from that for APRI (0.739, P = 0.215). Among patients with cirrhosis, AUROC was significantly higher for PSR (0.814) than for LSR (0.671, P = 0.001) or S-index (0.679, P = 0.022), while the AUROC for PSR did not differ significantly from those for APRI (0.711, P = 0.105), Frons' index (0.722, P = 0.061) or FIB-4 (0.708, P = 0.079). Our results suggest that PSR may be a useful non-invasive model for diagnosing liver fibrosis stage in patients with HCC in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Xiong Ouyang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yu-Mei Zhang
- Department of Chemotherapy, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Shao-Liang Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yuan Ren
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jia-Hao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yu-Kai Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Bang-De Xiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Le-Qun Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jian-Yong Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Zhi-Ming Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
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108
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Ukawa S, Tamakoshi A, Murakami Y, Kiyohara Y, Yamada M, Nagai M, Satoh A, Miura K, Ueshima H, Okamura T, EPOCH-JAPAN Research Group. Pooled Analysis of the Associations between Body Mass Index, Total Cholesterol, and Liver Cancer-related Mortality in Japan. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:2089-2095. [PMID: 30139206 PMCID: PMC6171377 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.8.2089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: We employed a large-scale pooled analysis to investigate the association of liver cancer-related
mortality with being overweight/obese and total cholesterol (TC) levels, since limited and inconsistent data on these
associations exist in Japan. Methods: A total of 59,332 participants (23,853 men and 35,479 women) from 12 cohorts
without a history of cancer who were followed for a median of 14.3 years were analyzed. A sex-specific stratified
Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for age and other potential confounders was used to calculate hazard ratios
(HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for liver cancer-related mortality. Results: A total of 447 participants
(266 men and 181 women) died of liver cancer within the follow-up period. Individuals classified as having a high
BMI (≥25.0 kg/m2) and low TC levels (<160 mg/dL) had a significantly increased risk for liver cancer-related
mortality (HR 7.05, 95% CI 4.41–11.26 in men; HR 8.07, 95% CI 4.76–13.67 in women) when compared with those
in the intermediate BMI (18.5–24.9 kg/m2) and TC (160–219 mg/dL) categories. These associations remained after
limiting the follow-up duration to >5 years. Conclusion: Being overweight/obese, combined with low TC levels, was
strongly associated with liver cancer-related mortality in the EPOCH-JAPAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigekazu Ukawa
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan.,Research Unit of Advanced Interdisciplinary Care Science, Osaka City University Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka, Japan.
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109
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Han E, Lee YH, Kim BK, Park JY, Kim DY, Ahn SH, Lee BW, Kang ES, Cha BS, Han KH, Kim SU. Sarcopenia is associated with the risk of significant liver fibrosis in metabolically unhealthy subjects with chronic hepatitis B. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2018; 48:300-312. [PMID: 29920701 DOI: 10.1111/apt.14843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is significantly associated with the degree of liver fibrosis. This study investigated the influence of sarcopenia on liver fibrosis in individuals with chronic hepatitis B. METHODS Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2008-2011 were analysed. The sarcopenia index (total appendicular skeletal muscle mass [kg]/body mass index [kg/m2 ]) was calculated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Sarcopenia was defined as the lowest quintile sarcopenia index value (cut-offs: 0.89 for men and 0.58 for women). The fibrotic burden was assessed using the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score and fibrosis-4 index. Significant fibrosis was defined as the highest nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score quartile and a fibrosis-4 index ≥2.67. RESULTS Among the 506 respondents with chronic hepatitis B (258 men and 248 women), the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score and fibrosis-4 index identified sarcopenia and significant fibrosis in 126 (24.9%) and 217 (42.9%), respectively. Sarcopenia was significantly associated with significant fibrosis, regardless of the fibrosis prediction model used (all P < 0.05). When the study population was stratified according to metabolic factors, sarcopenia was specifically associated with an increased risk of significant fibrosis among subgroups with obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and liver steatosis (odds ratio 2.37-3.57; all P < 0.05). An independent association between sarcopenia and significant fibrosis was identified after adjusting for other confounders (odds ratio 2.67-3.62 by the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score and 2.04-2.62 by the fibrosis-4 index; all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Sarcopenia is associated with significant fibrosis in subjects with chronic hepatitis B, specifically those with obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and liver steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Y-H Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - B K Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Y Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - D Y Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S H Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - B-W Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - E S Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - B-S Cha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K-H Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S U Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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110
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Ke MY, Zhang M, Su Q, Wei S, Zhang J, Wang Y, Wu R, Lv Y. Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase to platelet ratio predicts short-term outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing minor liver resection. J Surg Res 2018; 231:403-410. [PMID: 30278960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a strong correlation between liver fibrosis and postoperative morbidity after hepatectomy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate which noninvasive fibrosis index (gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase to platelet ratio [GPR], aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index, fibrosis-4 index, or Forns index) was best able to predict complications in patients undergoing hepatectomy for HCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective analysis included 275 patients who underwent hepatectomy for HCC from January 2008 to December 2012. Postoperative mortality was defined as death within 90 d after surgery. Complications were grouped into seven grades on the basis of the modified Clavien classification, and major postoperative complications were defined as grade 3 or above. The influence of noninvasive fibrosis indices on postoperative outcomes was assessed by receiver operating characteristic analysis. The primary outcomes were overall complications and major complications, estimated by univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS Patients with HCC undergoing anatomical liver resection in the authors' department were evaluated for this study. Finally, 275 patients who underwent minor liver resection (≤2 liver segments) were included. Of these, 231 (84%) were male. The multivariate analysis indicated that the GPR index was not only independently associated with overall complications (hazard ratio, 2.692; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.626-4.250; P < 0.001) but also independently predictive of major complications (hazard ratio, 1.143; 95% CI, 1.046-1.249; P = 0.03). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for predicting overall complications and major complications for the GPR index were 0.704 (95% CI, 0.643-0.765; P < 0.001) and 0.752 (95% CI, 0.638-0.865; P < 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The data suggested that the GPR index could be a promising predictor of overall postoperative complications and major complications after minor hepatectomy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yun Ke
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China; National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China; Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China; National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China; Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shasha Wei
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China; National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China; Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China; National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China; Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China; National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China; Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Rongqian Wu
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China; National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China; Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Yi Lv
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China; National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China; Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China.
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111
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Do serum markers of liver fibrosis vary by HCV infection in patients with alcohol use disorder? Drug Alcohol Depend 2018; 188:180-186. [PMID: 29778771 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION HCV infection is frequent in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Ethanol and hepatitis C have a synergistic effect that increases the risk of end-stage liver disease. We aimed to assess fibrosis of the liver in patients admitted to treatment of AUD. METHODS Data were collected in two hospital units between 2000 and 2014. Liver fibrosis was assessed by serum biomarkers APRI, FIB-4 and Forns, and Advanced Liver Fibrosis (ALF) was defined if APRI > 1.5, FIB-4 > 3.25 or Forns > 6.9. Correlations were analyzed by Pearson's coefficients and logistic regression models were used. RESULTS 1313 patients (80% M) had complete data; age at admission was 45 years (IQR: 39-52 yrs), age of initial regular alcohol consumption was 20 years (IQR: 17-26 yrs) and the amount of alcohol consumed preceding admission was 200 g/day (IQR: 120-270 g/day). Prevalence of HCV infection was 18%. Prevalence of ALF in HCV positive patients was 40.6% by APRI, 30.6% by FIB-4, and 43.3% by Forns. Correlations were high for APRI vs. FIB-4 r = 0.906, APRI vs. Forns r = 0.710, and, FIB-4 vs. Forns r = 0.825. There was no significant difference in the APRI/FIB-4 correlation by HCV status (z = 1.35, p = 0.177). However, the APRI/Forns correlation was significantly higher in HCV positive patients (p < 0.001). Patients with HCV infection were two times more likely to present with ALF at admission (OR = 2.1, 95%CI:1.5-3.1). CONCLUSIONS HCV infection is associated with severity of fibrosis in patients with excessive alcohol consumption. In this context, APRI and FIB-4 are highly correlated which facilitates the assessment of liver damage.
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112
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Navarta LM, Espul CA, Acosta-Rivero N. High prevalence of a variety of autoantibodies in a population of hepatitis C virus-infected individuals. APMIS 2018; 126:515-522. [PMID: 29924449 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been related to self-reactivity, extrahepatic manifestations and autoimmune diseases. The main goals of this work were to study the prevalence of autoantibodies and their relationship with viral titers and biochemical markers of hepatic damage in patients infected with HCV. Autoantibodies (ANA, AMA, SMA, APC, LKM, DNAds, ANCA, ATG and RF) were determined in 73 individuals with chronic HCV infection and 44 healthy volunteers. The presence of these antibodies was related to demographic variables, viral titers and biochemical parameters. A high prevalence of autoantibodies, particularly for RF, that was associated with female gender was observed in HCV-infected patients. In addition, SMA, ANA and ATG showed increased frequencies in HCV infection. Interestingly, the concurrent detection of SMA and more than one autoantibody was associated with high gGT levels. Notably, concurrent higher gGT, HCV and SMA levels were observed in male patients as compared to their female counterparts. These results indicate a relationship between HCV infection and the concurrent detection of various autoantibodies in the absence of symptoms of autoimmune diseases. They also suggest a link among the presence of a variety of autoantibodies simultaneously with SMA, increased gGT levels and HCV titers in a population of male patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nelson Acosta-Rivero
- Centre for Protein Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba
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113
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Prediction of hepatic necroinflammatory activity in patients with chronic hepatitis B by a simple noninvasive model. J Transl Med 2018; 16:166. [PMID: 29914513 PMCID: PMC6006738 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1538-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A model was constructed using clinical and serum variables to discriminate between chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with and without significant necroinflammatory activity (score 4–18 vs. score 0–3). Methods Consecutive CHB patients who underwent liver biopsy were divided into two sequential groups: a training group (n = 401) and a validation group (n = 401). Multivariate analysis identified alanine aminotransferase, γ-glutamyltransferase, prothrombin time and albumin as independent predictors of necroinflammatory activity. Results The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.826 for the training group and 0.847 for the validation group. Using a cut-off score of H ≤ 0.375, significant necroinflammatory activity (score 4–18) was excluded with high accuracy [78.2% negative predictive value (NPV), 72% positive predictive value (PPV), and 90.8% sensitivity] in 238 (59.4%) of 401 patients in the training group and with the same certainty (88.1% NPV, 61.2% PPV, and 95.1% sensitivity) among 204 (50.9%) of 401 patients in the validation group. Similarly, applying a cut-off score of H > 0.720, significant necroinflammatory activity was correctly identified with high accuracy (90.8% PPV, 57.7% NPV, and 92.0% specificity) in 150 (37.4%) of 401 patients in the training group and with the same certainty (91.8% PPV, 64.6% NPV, and 95.4% specificity) in 188 (46.9%) of 401 patients in the validation group. Conclusions A predictive model based on easily accessible variables identified CHB patients with and without significant necroinflammatory activity with a high degree of accuracy. This model may decrease the need for liver biopsy for necroinflammatory activity grading in 72.1% of CHB patients.
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114
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Zeremski M, Martinez A. Liver Disease and Fibrosis Assessment in Substance Use-Related Disorders. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2018; 6:164-168. [PMID: 28263455 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Substance users have the highest prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection but have rarely been treated, largely because of their mistrust of the health care system, misconceptions about the consequences of the infection, and concerns regarding interferon-related side effects. With the development of highly efficacious, interferon-free therapeutic regimens without significant side effects, the concept of colocating HCV and substance use treatment would appear to be highly feasible. This process has been further facilitated by widespread clinical adaptation of noninvasive assays for fibrosis assessment, which could be performed routinely in substance use treatment facilities. The most commonly used noninvasive fibrosis assessment methods are serum marker indexes and transient elastography, both of which are very accurate in detecting cirrhosis or the absence of fibrosis, but much less successful in identifying intermediate fibrosis stages. The effect of drugs of abuse on the liver is not completely understood or sufficiently studied. There are no indications that heroin and cocaine affect fibrosis progression, but some recreational drugs (eg, alcohol and cannabis) can induce hepatic injury. In addition, knowledge gaps exist on the effect of impaired liver function on metabolism or transport of agents used to treat substance disorders as well as their interactions with HCV antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Zeremski
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anthony Martinez
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Wong GLH. Non-invasive assessments for liver fibrosis: The crystal ball we long for. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 33:1009-1015. [PMID: 29380413 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis has been one of the most rapidly advancing fields in hepatology in the last decade. Progressive liver fibrosis results in cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and various liver-related complications in essentially all chronic liver diseases. Assessment of liver fibrosis allows clinicians to determine the prognosis, need of treatment, disease progression, and response to treatment in patients with chronic liver disease. Liver biopsy has been the gold standard in last few decades and most adopted diagnostic tool in clinical trials. Nonetheless, it is impractical to apply the test in a large number of patients or to do it serially. Hence, various non-invasive assessments have been developed and adopted in some international management guidelines. Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) with transient elastography is one of the most widely validated non-invasive assessments for liver fibrosis. It is an accurate and reproducible method to predict advanced fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B. Using transient elastography, it is possible to perform repeated liver fibrosis assessments on a large number of asymptomatic patients. The key challenge of his tool is the confounding effect of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level, such that decrease in LSM may only reflect ALT normalization, hence not accurate enough to indicate regression of liver fibrosis. This may be partially handled by combining LSM with a serum-based formula, which is independent of ALT such as the Forns index and enhanced liver fibrosis test. An LSM-based HCC risk score is useful to prioritize patients for HCC surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Lai-Hung Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
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Mendes LC, Stucchi RS, Vigani AG. Diagnosis and staging of fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C: comparison and critical overview of current strategies. Hepat Med 2018; 10:13-22. [PMID: 29662329 PMCID: PMC5892613 DOI: 10.2147/hmer.s125234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past years, what has always been considered undisputed true in liver fibrosis staging has been challenged. Diagnostic performance of histological evaluation has proven to be significantly influenced by sample- and observer-related variabilities. Differentiation between lower levels of fibrosis remains difficult for many, if not all, test modalities, including liver biopsy but, perhaps, such a distinction is not indispensable in light of current therapeutic approaches. Biomarkers and elastography offer, nonetheless, high predictive values for advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis and correlate well with liver-related outcomes. Necroinflammation, steatosis, and hemodynamic changes may significantly interfere with elastography-based techniques, and longitudinal follow-up strategies must be tailored in light of these findings. Knowledge of different test modalities and diagnostic performance indicators can allow for better clinical decision-making and resource allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro César Mendes
- Department of Infectious Diseases, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Raquel Sb Stucchi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline G Vigani
- Department of Infectious Diseases, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Tada T, Kumada T, Toyoda H, Kobayashi N, Akita T, Tanaka J. Hepatitis B virus core-related antigen levels predict progression to liver cirrhosis in hepatitis B carriers. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 33:918-925. [PMID: 28914957 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Several hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers have been identified as risk factors for progression to liver cirrhosis in patients with chronic HBV infection. The predictive impact of HBV markers on progression to cirrhosis in HBV carriers was clarified. METHODS A total of 529 hepatitis B e antigen seroconverters with fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index ≤ 3.6 not on nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy were included. Univariate and multivariate analyses of associations between HBV markers and progression to cirrhosis were performed. In addition, the hazard ratio (HR) spline curves for continuous HBV markers were compared. RESULTS Eighty-four patients progressed to cirrhosis (FIB-4 index > 3.6) during the follow-up period. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), HBV DNA, HBV core-related antigen (HBcrAg), and basal core promoter status, but not genotype and precore status, were significantly associated with progression to cirrhosis in univariate Cox proportional hazards models. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for HBV genotype, HBsAg, HBV DNA, HBcrAg, precore status, and basal core promoter status indicated that HBsAg ≥ 3.0 log IU/mL (HR, 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30-0.94) and HBcrAg ≥ 3.7 log U/mL (HR, 3.28; 95% CI, 1.60-6.75) are independently associated with progression to cirrhosis. In the HR spline curve analysis, HR and 95% CI gradually increased as HBcrAg levels increased. Conversely, HRs and 95% CIs for HBsAg and HBV DNA did not show this tendency as their levels increased. CONCLUSIONS Elevated HBcrAg levels in HBV carriers increases the risk for progression to cirrhosis. HBcrAg is an excellent predictor of the development of cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Tada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takashi Kumada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hidenori Toyoda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Gifu, Japan
| | - Natsuko Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Akita
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Junko Tanaka
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
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Lee EC, Park SJ, Han SS, Shim JR, Park HM, Lee SD, Kim SH. Risk prediction of post-hepatectomy liver failure in patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 33:958-965. [PMID: 28843035 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM In most patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHCC), major hepatectomy and extrahepatic bile duct resection are needed for surgical radicality, and a high risk of hepatic insufficiency exists. This study aims to develop a prediction model for post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) in patients with PHCC. METHODS A total of 143 patients who underwent major liver resection and extrahepatic bile duct resection for PHCC between October 2001 and December 2013 were included. Clinically relevant PHLF was defined as liver failure corresponding to grade B or C of the International Study Group of Liver Surgery criteria. Multivariate logistic regression was used to develop the PHLF risk model. Model performance was evaluated internally using the area under the curve analysis (discrimination) after 1000 bootstrap resampling and the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test (calibration). RESULTS Post-hepatectomy liver failure occurred in 43.4% of patients (n = 62). In multivariate analysis, PHLF was significantly associated with future liver remnant ratio (odds ratio [OR] per 10% = 0.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.51-0.88), intraoperative blood loss (OR per 1 L = 1.82, 95% CI 1.11-3.17), and preoperative prothrombin time > 1.20 (OR = 3.22, 95% CI 1.15-9.97). The PHLF risk score model showed good discrimination (area under the curve = 0.708, 95% CI 0.623-0.793) and calibration (P = 0.227). CONCLUSIONS The risk model proposed in this study accurately predicted PHLF in patients with PHCC. This offers surgeons a practical guide to quantitative risk assessment of hepatic insufficiency and aids decision-making in surgical treatment and perioperative management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eung Chang Lee
- Center for Liver Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Sang-Jae Park
- Center for Liver Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Sung-Sik Han
- Center for Liver Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jae Ryong Shim
- Center for Liver Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Hyeong Min Park
- Center for Liver Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Seung Duk Lee
- Center for Liver Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Seong Hoon Kim
- Center for Liver Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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119
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Tsukano N, Miyase S, Saeki T, Mizobe K, Iwashita H, Arima N, Fujiyama S. Usefulness of virtual touch quantification for staging liver fibrosis in patients with hepatitis C, and factors affecting liver stiffness measurement failure compared with liver biopsy. Hepatol Res 2018; 48:373-382. [PMID: 29226524 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM The assessment of liver fibrosis in patients with hepatitis C is important to predict carcinogenesis. In this study, we evaluated the usefulness of virtual touch quantification (VTQ) for staging liver fibrosis, and investigated factors causing discrepancies between the estimated fibrosis stage using VTQ and the pathological fibrosis stage. METHODS Patients with hepatitis C (n = 302) were assessed using VTQ and underwent pathological liver investigation within 1 week before and after VTQ. A receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was obtained for VTQ, fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index, and aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), and each area under the ROC curve (AUROC) was compared to predict fibrosis stage. We used univariate and multivariate analyses to investigate the factors related to the discrepancy between the estimated fibrosis stage using VTQ and the pathological fibrosis stage. RESULTS At any stage, VTQ was the most accurate for staging liver fibrosis. The VTQ cut-off values were 1.33 m/s (AUROC = 0.822) for ≥F2, 1.51 m/s (AUROC = 0.836) for ≥F3, and 1.92 m/s (AUROC = 0.890) for F4. Skin liver capsule distance (SCD) was the most relevant factor for the discrepancy between the estimated fibrosis stage using VTQ and the pathological fibrosis stage. The SCD cut-off value was 17.5 mm. CONCLUSIONS Virtual touch quantification is a non-invasive, simple method that is more accurate for staging liver fibrosis than the FIB-4 index and APRI. However, when the SCD is longer than 17.5 mm, there may be measurement failures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Tsukano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kumamoto Shinto General Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shiho Miyase
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kumamoto Shinto General Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Saeki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kumamoto Shinto General Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Keiko Mizobe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kumamoto Shinto General Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Iwashita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kumamoto Shinto General Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Arima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kumamoto Shinto General Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shigetoshi Fujiyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kumamoto Shinto General Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
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121
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Yan L, Deng Y, Zhou J, Zhao H, Wang G. Serum YKL-40 as a biomarker for liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B patients with normal and mildly elevated ALT. Infection 2018; 46:385-393. [PMID: 29600444 PMCID: PMC5976691 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-018-1136-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose YKL-40 is a chitinase-like protein expressed in multiple tissues including liver and is reported as a fibrosis marker. This study aimed to determine whether YKL-40 could serve as a diagnostic marker for the assessment of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B patients with normal and mildly elevated ALT. Methods Six hundred and eighty-five patients with chronic hepatitis B infection were enrolled in this study from October 2013 to March 2016. All patients underwent liver biopsy and then staged based on Ishak histological system. Serum YKL-40 levels were measured by Human Magnetic Luminex Assays. Results Among chronic hepatitis B patients with normal and mildly elevated ALT, almost more than 30% of patients have significant liver fibrosis. Serum YKL-40 levels increased significantly in parallel with the progression of fibrosis in patients with ALT less than two times the upper limit of normal range (P < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis revealed that serum YKL-40, hyaluronic acid, PLT, and AST were independently associated with significant fibrosis. We established a novel YKL-40-based fibrosis model for patients with ALT less than two times the upper limit of normal range (ULN). YKL-40 model was superior to APRI, FIB-4, Forns’ index, and Hui model for diagnosis of significant fibrosis in patients with ALT < 2ULN, with AUROCs of 0.786 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.726–0.846] in the training group, 0.831 (95%CI 0.752–0.910) in the validation group and 0.801 (95%CI 0.753–0.849) in the entire cohort. Conclusion Serum YKL-40 is a feasible biomarker of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B patients. YKL-40 model was superior to APRI, FIB-4, Forns’ index and Hui model for diagnosis of significant fibrosis in patients with normal and mildly elevated ALT. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s15010-018-1136-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Yan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Center for Liver Disease, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yongqiong Deng
- Department of Infectious Disease, Center for Liver Disease, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.,The Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiyuan Zhou
- Department of Infectious Disease, Center for Liver Disease, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Infectious Disease, Center for Liver Disease, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Guiqiang Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Center for Liver Disease, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China. .,The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China.
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122
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Wang XC, Zhang XY, Zhang X, Yuan ZX, Li XH, Wang JC, Sun B, Lu XJ. Pitfalls in the non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis with eLIFT-FM VCTE algorithm. J Hepatol 2018; 68:602-603. [PMID: 28993184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chen Wang
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhang
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, China
| | | | - Xiu-Hui Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Beijing Youan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jin-Cheng Wang
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, PR China
| | - Beicheng Sun
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Jie Lu
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, PR China.
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Vinciguerra T, Brunati A, David E, Longo F, Pinon M, Ricceri F, Castellino L, Piga A, Giraudo MT, Tandoi F, Cisarò F, Dell Olio D, Isolato G, Romagnoli R, Salizzoni M, Calvo PL. Transient elastography for non-invasive evaluation of post-transplant liver graft fibrosis in children. Pediatr Transplant 2018; 22. [PMID: 29369488 DOI: 10.1111/petr.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
As graft survival in pediatric LT is often affected by progressive fibrosis, numerous centers carry out protocol liver biopsies. Follow-up biopsy protocols differ from center to center, but all biopsies are progressively spaced out, as time from transplant increases. Therefore, there is a need for non-invasive techniques to evaluate graft fibrosis progression in those children who have no clinical or serological signs of liver damage. Indirect markers, such as the APRI, should be relied on with caution because their sensitivity in predicting fibrosis can be strongly influenced by the etiology of liver disease, severity of fibrosis, and patient age. A valid alternative could be TE, a non-invasive technique already validated in adults, which estimates the stiffness of the cylindrical volume of liver tissue, 100-fold the size of a standard needle biopsy sample. The aims of this study were to evaluate the reliability of TE in children after LT and to compare both the TE and the APRI index results with the histological scores of fibrosis on liver biopsies. A total of 36 pediatric LT recipients were studied. All patients underwent both TE and biopsy within a year (median interval -0.012 months) at an interval from LT of 0.36 to 19.47 years (median 3.02 years). Fibrosis was assessed on the biopsy specimens at histology and staged according to METAVIR. There was a statistically significant correlation between TE stiffness values and METAVIR scores (P = .005). The diagnostic accuracy of TE for the diagnosis of significant fibrosis (F ≥ 2) was measured as the area under the curve (AUROC = 0.865), and it demonstrated that the method had a good diagnostic performance. APRI was not so accurate in assessing graft fibrosis when compared to METAVIR (AUROC = 0.592). A liver stiffness cutoff value of 5.6 kPa at TE was identified as the best predictor for a significant graft fibrosis (METAVIR F ≥ 2) on liver biopsy, with a 75% sensitivity, a 95.8% specificity, a 90% positive predictive value, and an 88.5% negative predictive value. These data suggest that TE may represent a non-invasive, reliable tool for the assessment of graft fibrosis in the follow-up of LT children, alerting the clinicians to the indication for a liver biopsy, with the aim of reducing the number of protocol liver biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Vinciguerra
- Gastroenterologia e Epatologia Pediatrica, Department of Pediatrics, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Citta`della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Brunati
- Liver Transplantation Center, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ezio David
- Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Citta`della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Filomena Longo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Michele Pinon
- Gastroenterologia e Epatologia Pediatrica, Department of Pediatrics, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Citta`della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Fulvio Ricceri
- Epidemiology Unit, Regional Health Services ASL TO3, Grugliasco, Italy.,Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Luisa Castellino
- Department of Mathematics "G. Peano", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio Piga
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Tandoi
- Liver Transplantation Center, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Fabio Cisarò
- Gastroenterologia e Epatologia Pediatrica, Department of Pediatrics, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Citta`della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Dominic Dell Olio
- Regional Transplant Center, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Isolato
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Citta`della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Renato Romagnoli
- Liver Transplantation Center, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Mauro Salizzoni
- Liver Transplantation Center, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Calvo
- Gastroenterologia e Epatologia Pediatrica, Department of Pediatrics, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Citta`della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
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Preoperatively staging liver fibrosis using noninvasive method in hepatitis B virus-infected hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Oncotarget 2018; 8:4289-4300. [PMID: 28008144 PMCID: PMC5354832 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Advanced liver fibrosis can result in serious complications (even patient’s death) after partial hepatectomy. Preoperatively percutaneous liver biopsy is an invasive and expensive method to assess liver fibrosis. We aim to establish a noninvasive model, on the basis of preoperative biomarkers, to predict liver fibrosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Methods The HBV-infected liver cancer patients who had received hepatectomy were retrospectively and prospectively enrolled in this study. Univariate analysis was used to compare the variables of the patients with mild to moderate liver fibrosis and with severe liver fibrosis. The significant factors were selected into binary logistic regression analysis. Factors determined to be significant were used to establish a noninvasive model. Then the diagnostic accuracy of this novel model was examined based on sensitivity, specificity and area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results This study included 2,176 HBV-infected HCC patients who had undergone partial hepatectomy (1,682 retrospective subjects and 494 prospective subjects). Regression analysis indicated that total bilirubin and prothrombin time had positive correlation with liver fibrosis. It also demonstrated that blood platelet count and fibrinogen had negative correlation with liver fibrosis. The AUC values of the model based on these four factors for predicting significant fibrosis, advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis were 0.79-0.83, 0.83-0.85 and 0.85-0.88, respectively. Conclusion The results showed that this novel preoperative model was an excellent noninvasive method for assessing liver fibrosis in HBV-infected HCC patients.
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Liao R, Fu YP, Wang T, Deng ZG, Li DW, Fan J, Zhou J, Feng GS, Qiu SJ, Du CY. Metavir and FIB-4 scores are associated with patient prognosis after curative hepatectomy in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study at two centers in China. Oncotarget 2018; 8:1774-1787. [PMID: 27662665 PMCID: PMC5352096 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Metavir and Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) scores are typically used to assess the severity of liver fibrosis, the relationship between these scores and patient outcome in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of the severity of hepatic fibrosis in HBV-related HCC patients after curative resection. We examined the prognostic roles of the Metavir and preoperative FIB-4 scores in 432 HBV-HCC patients who underwent curative resection at two different medical centers located in western (Chongqing) and eastern (Shanghai) China. In the testing set (n = 108), the Metavir, FIB-4, and combined Metavir/FIB-4 scores were predictive of overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). Additionally, they were associated with several clinicopathologic variables. In the validation set (n = 324), the Metavir, FIB-4, and combined Metavir/FIB-4 scores were associated with poor prognosis in HCC patients after curative resection. Importantly, in the negative alpha-fetoprotein subgroup (≤ 20 ng/mL), the FIB-4 index (I vs. II) could discriminate between patient outcomes (high or low OS and RFS). Thus Metavir, preoperative FIB-4, and combined Metavir/FIB-4 scores are prognostic markers in HBV-HCC patients after curative hepatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi-Peng Fu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, China
| | - De-Wei Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gen-Sheng Feng
- Department of Pathology and Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Shuang-Jian Qiu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng-You Du
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Kelly ML, Riordan SM, Bopage R, Lloyd AR, Post JJ. Capacity of non-invasive hepatic fibrosis algorithms to replace transient elastography to exclude cirrhosis in people with hepatitis C virus infection: A multi-centre observational study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192763. [PMID: 29438397 PMCID: PMC5811020 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Achievement of the 2030 World Health Organisation (WHO) global hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination targets will be underpinned by scale-up of testing and use of direct-acting antiviral treatments. In Australia, despite publically-funded testing and treatment, less than 15% of patients were treated in the first year of treatment access, highlighting the need for greater efficiency of health service delivery. To this end, non-invasive fibrosis algorithms were examined to reduce reliance on transient elastography (TE) which is currently utilised for the assessment of cirrhosis in most Australian clinical settings. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective and prospective study, with derivation and validation cohorts, examined consecutive patients in a tertiary referral centre, a sexual health clinic, and a prison-based hepatitis program. The negative predictive value (NPV) of seven non-invasive algorithms were measured using published and newly derived cut-offs. The number of TEs avoided for each algorithm, or combination of algorithms, was determined. RESULTS The 850 patients included 780 (92%) with HCV mono-infection, and 70 (8%) co-infected with HIV or hepatitis B. The mono-infected cohort included 612 men (79%), with an overall prevalence of cirrhosis of 16% (125/780). An 'APRI' algorithm cut-off of 1.0 had a 94% NPV (95%CI: 91-96%). Newly derived cut-offs of 'APRI' (0.49), 'FIB-4' (0.93) and 'GUCI' (0.5) algorithms each had NPVs of 99% (95%CI: 97-100%), allowing avoidance of TE in 40% (315/780), 40% (310/780) and 40% (298/749) respectively. When used in combination, NPV was retained and TE avoidance reached 54% (405/749), regardless of gender or co-infection. CONCLUSIONS Non-invasive algorithms can reliably exclude cirrhosis in many patients, allowing improved efficiency of HCV assessment services in Australia and worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Louise Kelly
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The Albion Centre, Surry Hills, NSW, Australia
- Population Heath, Justice Health & Forensic Mental Health Network, Malabar, NSW Australia
| | - Stephen M. Riordan
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, School of Medicine, UNSW, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Unit, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Rohan Bopage
- Department of Medicine, The Albion Centre, Surry Hills, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew R. Lloyd
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- Population Heath, Justice Health & Forensic Mental Health Network, Malabar, NSW Australia
- The Kirby Institute, Viral Immunology Systems Program, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Jeffrey John Post
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The Albion Centre, Surry Hills, NSW, Australia
- Population Heath, Justice Health & Forensic Mental Health Network, Malabar, NSW Australia
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, School of Medicine, UNSW, Kensington, NSW, Australia
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SHFI: A Novel Noninvasive Predictive Model for Significant Fibrosis in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.63310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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128
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Vilar-Gomez E, Chalasani N. Non-invasive assessment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Clinical prediction rules and blood-based biomarkers. J Hepatol 2018; 68:305-315. [PMID: 29154965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 396] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The correct identification of patients at increased risk of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and advanced fibrosis is a critical step in the assessment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Since liver biopsy is invasive, expensive and prone to sampling error, several clinical prediction rules and blood-based biomarkers have been developed as attractive and affordable alternatives for identification of patients at high risk of NASH and advanced fibrosis. Current biomarkers constitute predictive models (e.g. NAFLD fibrosis score, FIB-4 index and BARD score) or direct measures of inflammation (e.g. circulating keratin 18 fragments), or fibrosis (e.g. FibroTest®, ELF™ or Pro-C3 tests). In the clinical setting, biomarkers may discriminate between patients with NASH or advanced fibrosis, predict dynamic changes in NASH/fibrosis over time, and provide long-term prognostic information. Although clinically useful, current biomarker predictions may be influenced by hepatic and extrahepatic conditions (e.g. age, patient comorbidities, and fibrosis or NASH prevalence), which may lead to inaccurate estimates in small subsamples of patients. No highly sensitive and specific tests are available to differentiate NASH from simple steatosis. However, diagnostic accuracy can be improved by combining blood biomarkers. NAFLD fibrosis score and FIB-4 index are both cost-effective and highly sensitive tools to exclude patients with advanced fibrosis. Moreover, their higher scores may identify patients at higher risk of non-liver- and liver-related morbidity and mortality. More expensive tests such as FibroTest or ELF are more specific for detection of patients with significant and advanced fibrosis. Recent efforts have concentrated on "omics" approaches for developing and validating novel biomarkers. Herein, we describe currently available clinical prediction rules and blood-based biomarkers for identifying NASH and advanced fibrosis in patients with NAFLD, discussing their advantages and disadvantages, as well as their potential clinical utility for predicting dynamic changes over time and identifying patients at increased risk of adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Vilar-Gomez
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA.
| | - Naga Chalasani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA.
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Prospects in non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis: Liquid biopsy as the future gold standard? Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:1024-1036. [PMID: 29329986 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is the result of persistent liver injury, and is characterized by sustained scar formation and disruption of the normal liver architecture. The extent of fibrosis is considered as an important prognostic factor for the patient outcome, as an absence of (early) treatment can lead to the development of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Till date, the most sensitive and specific way for the diagnosis and staging of liver fibrosis remains liver biopsy, an invasive diagnostic tool, which is associated with high costs and discomfort for the patient. Over time, non-invasive scoring systems have been developed, of which the measurements of serum markers and liver stiffness are validated for use in the clinic. These tools lack however the sensitivity and specificity to detect small changes in the progression or regression of both early and late stages of fibrosis. Novel non-invasive diagnostic markers with the potential to overcome these limitations have been developed, but often lack validation in large patient cohorts. In this review, we will summarize novel trends in non-invasive markers of liver fibrosis development and will discuss their (dis-)advantages for use in the clinic.
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130
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Liu CH, Liu CJ, Hong CM, Su TH, Yang HC, Chen KM, Huang YP, Yeh YM, Tien HL, Liu YC, Kao JH, Chen DS, Chen PJ. A noninvasive diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis by BioFibroScore® in chronic hepatitis C patients. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 33:291-297. [PMID: 28548299 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The diagnostic accuracy of a novel serological panel (BioFibroScore®) to predict hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is unknown. METHODS Three markers of BioFibroScore, including urokinase plasminogen activator, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and beta-2 microglobulin, were retrospectively evaluated in 635 HCV-infected patients who received percutaneous liver biopsy and FibroScan®. The formula of BioFibroScore to predict the severity of hepatic fibrosis was developed by adaptive boosting algorithm. The diagnostic accuracy of hepatic fibrosis was assessed both for BioFibroScore and FibroScan, taking METAVIR fibrosis score as the reference standard. RESULTS Urokinase plasminogen activator and beta-2 microglobulin were positively and matrix metalloproteinase-9 was negatively associated with the severity of hepatic fibrosis. Thirty-five (5.5%) patients had failed FibroScan assessment. By adaptive boosting model for BioFibroScore and the established reference ranges for FibroScan, 85.7% and 89.0% of the patients had an identical result for F0-1, F2, F3, and F4, as compared with liver biopsy. The concordance rate between BioFibroScore and FibroScan was 80.7%. BioFibroScore overestimated and underestimated the stage of hepatic fibrosis in 8.3% and 6.0% patients, and most patients had one stage error. Among patients with failed FibroScan assessment, 82.9% of them were correctly diagnosed by BioFibroScore. Bootstrap analysis for BioFibroScore showed the diagnostic accuracy was 80.9-88.4%. CONCLUSIONS BioFibroScore is accurate to assess the stage of hepatic fibrosis in HCV-infected patients. Applying this noninvasive test can substantially reduce the need for invasive liver biopsy and can play a role for fibrosis evaluation when FibroScan assessment was unavailable or unreliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hua Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Douliou, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jen Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ming Hong
- Department of Traumatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Hung Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chih Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Yu-Ming Yeh
- General Biologicals Corporation, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Jia-Horng Kao
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Shinn Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jer Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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131
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Nallagangula KS, Nagaraj SK, Venkataswamy L, Chandrappa M. Liver fibrosis: a compilation on the biomarkers status and their significance during disease progression. Future Sci OA 2018; 4:FSO250. [PMID: 29255622 PMCID: PMC5729599 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2017-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis occurs in response to different etiologies of chronic liver injury. Diagnosing degree of liver fibrosis is a crucial step in evaluation of severity of the disease. An invasive liver biopsy is the gold standard method associated with pain and complications. Biomarkers to detect liver fibrosis include direct markers of extracellular matrix turnover and indirect markers as a reflection of liver dysfunction. Although a single marker may not be useful for successful management, a mathematical equation combining tests might be effective. The main purpose of this review is to understand the diagnostic accuracy of biomarkers and scoring systems for liver fibrosis. Advances in -omics approach have generated clinically significant biomarker candidates for liver fibrosis that need further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shashidhar Kurpad Nagaraj
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, SDUAHER, Tamaka, Kolar, Karnataka, India
| | - Lakshmaiah Venkataswamy
- Department of Medicine, Sri Devaraj Urs MedicalCollege, SDUAHER, Tamaka, Kolar, Karnataka, India
| | - Muninarayana Chandrappa
- Department of Community Medicine, Sri DevarajUrs Medical College, SDUAHER, Tamaka, Kolar, Karnataka, India
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Abstract
Patients with HIV have a proclivity to develop liver fibrosis, especially when associated with other conditions such as HCV, HBV, and NAFLD. Identifying HIV-infected patients with significant fibrosis or cirrhosis plays an important role in clinical and therapeutic decision-making. Liver biopsy is currently considered as the gold standard for fibrosis assessment but carries many shortcomings (cost, invasiveness, complications, false negative rate of 20 %). Multiple non-invasive methods of liver fibrosis assessment have been developed, but not all have been studied in HIV-infected individuals. Non-invasive liver fibrosis tools include both serologic-based testing scores (rely on direct and/or indirect markers) such as APRI, FIB4, FibroTest, FibroSpect II, HepaScore, or imaging-based methods such as vibration controlled liver elastography. There is validated data to support the use of non-invasive modalities of fibrosis assessment in HIV-HCV co-infected individuals for the exclusion of cirrhosis, but may be poorly reliable or not enough data exists for the assessment of other co-morbid disease processes.
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133
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Zhang Z, Li J, Wang P, He T, Ouyang Y, Huang Y. Nomogram for cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B: A simple self-assessed scale for individual risk of cirrhosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17493. [PMID: 29235488 PMCID: PMC5727495 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17685-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this retrospective study was to establish a simple self-assessed scale for individual risk of cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B. A total of 1808 consecutive patients were enrolled and analyzed. According to the results of multivariate logistic regression analysis, a simple nomogram was calculated for cirrhosis. The area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) were calculated to compare the diagnostic accuracy of nomogram with aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI), fibrosis index based on the four factors (FIB-4), and S index. The AUROCs of nomogram for cirrhosis were 0.807 (adjusted AUROC 0.876) in model group and 0.794 (adjusted AUROC0.866) in validation group. DeLong's test and Brier Score further demonstrated that nomogram was superior to APRI, FIB-4 and S index in both model group and validation group. The patients with nomogram <0.07 could be defined as low risk group with cirrhosis prevalence lower than 4.3% (17/397). The patients with nomogram >0.52 could be defined as high risk group with cirrhosis prevalence higher than 73.0% (119/163). In conclusion, as a self-assessed style, simple, non-invasive, economical, convenient, and repeatable scale, nomogram is suitable to serve as a massive health screening tool for cirrhosis in CHB patients and further external validation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiao Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shunde, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shunde, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shunde, Guangdong, China.
| | - Tingshan He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shunde, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanling Ouyang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shunde, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiyan Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shunde, Guangdong, China
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Ahmed Hassan E, Sharaf El-Din Abd El-Rehim A, Ahmed Sayed ZEA, Farah Mohamed Kholef E, Sabry A, Abd El-Rehim Abo Elhagag N. VAP score as a novel non-invasive liver fibrosis model in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatol Res 2017; 47:1408-1416. [PMID: 28247581 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM Assessment of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients is necessary before antiviral treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of eight non-invasive models (aspartate aminotransferase [AST]/alanine transaminase ratio [AAR], AST/platelet ratio index [APRI], fibrosis-cirrhosis index [FCI], fibrosis index [FI], fibrosis-4 [FIB-4] score, fibrosis quotient [FibroQ], King, and von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF-Ag)/thrombocyte ratio [VITRO] scores) for predicting fibrosis compared with liver biopsy and to create a new score for predicting different fibrosis stages with increased accuracy. METHODS We prospectively studied 127 treatment-naive CHC patients who underwent liver biopsy. The AAR, APRI, FCI, FI, FIB-4, FibroQ, King and VITRO scores were calculated and correlated with fibrosis stages. A new score (VAP) was derived from vWF-Ag, AST, and platelets: [VAP = (AST (U/L) × vWF-Ag)/platelets (109 /L)]. RESULTS Apart from AAR, readily available scores were correlated with liver fibrosis stages. VITRO (r = 0.62) and APRI (r = 0.46) showed the closest correlation. Our new (VAP) score significantly correlated with fibrosis stages (r = 0.702, P < 0.001). Compared to other scores, VAP had the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, with 0.854, 0.921, 0.849, and 0.861 for mild (F1), significant (≥F2), advanced (≥F3) fibrosis, and cirrhosis (F4) respectively. At a cut-off value >1, VAP had 75.2% sensitivity and 100% positive predictive value for predicting mild fibrosis. At a cut-off value >2.3 for predicting cirrhosis, VAP had 73% sensitivity and 81.7% positive predictive value. CONCLUSIONS The VAP score is a novel model that had higher diagnostic performance to predict different fibrosis stages and subclinical cirrhosis among CHC patients compared to the other studied scores and hence may offer a useful strategy to stratify patients who would benefit from direct-acting antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ahmed Hassan
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Abeer Sabry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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135
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Voican CS, Louvet A, Trabut JB, Njiké-Nakseu M, Dharancy S, Sanchez A, Corouge M, Lamouri K, Lebrun A, Balian A, Prévot S, Lachgar M, Maitre S, Agostini H, Mathurin P, Perlemuter G, Naveau S. Transient elastography alone and in combination with FibroTest ® for the diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis in alcoholic liver disease. Liver Int 2017; 37:1697-1705. [PMID: 28387018 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The reliability of transient elastography (TE) to assess liver fibrosis is insufficiently validated in alcoholic liver disease (ALD). We aimed to validate the diagnostic utility of TE for liver fibrosis in patients with excessive alcohol consumption and evaluate whether Fibrotest® adds diagnostic value relative to or in combination with TE. METHODS We conducted a multicentre prospective study on a total of 217 heavy drinkers with high serum aminotransferase levels. Patients underwent liver biopsy, TE, Fibrotest® , PGAA, APRI, FIB-4 and FORNS. The overall diagnostic performance was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curves and Obuchowski measures. RESULTS TE values correlated with fibrosis stage (r=.73; P<.0001) and steatosis stage (r=.19; P<.01). Patients with alcoholic hepatitis had higher TE values than those without alcoholic hepatitis (P<.0001). In an multivariate analysis, fibrosis stage and the presence of alcoholic hepatitis were the only parameters that correlated with liver stiffness. For the diagnosis of advanced fibrosis (F≥3), the AUROC curves were 0.90, 0.85, 0.83, 0.91 and 0.90 for TE, Fibrotest® , PGAA and associations TE-Fibrotest® , TE-PGAA respectively. For the diagnosis of cirrhosis, the AUROC curves were 0.93, 0.88, 0.89, 0.94 and 0.95 respectively. The Obuchowski measures for the diagnosis of fibrosis were 0.94, 0.92, 0.91, 0.95 and 0.94 respectively. The performance of TE was not significantly different than those of Fibrotest® , PGAA and combinations TE-Fibrotest® , TE-PGAA. CONCLUSIONS TE has excellent diagnostic value for liver fibrosis in alcoholic liver disease. The combined use of TE-Fibrotest® or TE-PGAA does not improve the performance of TE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosmin Sebastian Voican
- AP-HP, Service d'hépato-gastroentérologie et nutrition, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart, France.,INSERM, U996, Labex Lermit, IPSIT, Clamart, France.,Faculté de médecine Paris-Sud, Univ Paris-Sud, Univ Paris-Saclay, DHU Hepatinov, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Alexandre Louvet
- Service des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille, France.,Unité INSERM U995 Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Trabut
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Cochin Saint-Vincent de Paul, Unité d'Hépatologie et d'Addictologie, Paris, France
| | - Micheline Njiké-Nakseu
- AP-HP, Service d'hépato-gastroentérologie et nutrition, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart, France
| | - Sébastien Dharancy
- Service des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille, France.,Unité INSERM U995 Lille, Lille, France
| | - Andrea Sanchez
- APHP, Groupe Hospitalier Cochin Saint-Vincent de Paul, Service d'Anatomo-pathologie, Paris, France
| | - Marion Corouge
- AP-HP, Département d'Hépatologie, Groupe Hospitalier Cochin Saint-Vincent de Paul, Paris, France
| | - Karima Lamouri
- AP-HP, Service d'hépato-gastroentérologie et nutrition, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart, France
| | - Amandine Lebrun
- AP-HP, Service d'hépato-gastroentérologie et nutrition, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart, France.,Faculté de médecine Paris-Sud, Univ Paris-Sud, Univ Paris-Saclay, DHU Hepatinov, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Axel Balian
- AP-HP, Service d'hépato-gastroentérologie et nutrition, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart, France
| | - Sophie Prévot
- Faculté de médecine Paris-Sud, Univ Paris-Sud, Univ Paris-Saclay, DHU Hepatinov, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,AP-HP, Service d'Anatomie pathologique, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart, France
| | - Mounia Lachgar
- AP-HP, Service de Biochimie-Hormonologie, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart, France
| | - Sophie Maitre
- AP-HP, Service de Radiologie, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart, France
| | - Hélène Agostini
- AP-HP, Unité de recherche clinique Paris-Sud, Hôpital Bicêtre, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Philippe Mathurin
- Service des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille, France.,Unité INSERM U995 Lille, Lille, France
| | - Gabriel Perlemuter
- AP-HP, Service d'hépato-gastroentérologie et nutrition, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart, France.,INSERM, U996, Labex Lermit, IPSIT, Clamart, France.,Faculté de médecine Paris-Sud, Univ Paris-Sud, Univ Paris-Saclay, DHU Hepatinov, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Sylvie Naveau
- AP-HP, Service d'hépato-gastroentérologie et nutrition, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart, France.,INSERM, U996, Labex Lermit, IPSIT, Clamart, France.,Faculté de médecine Paris-Sud, Univ Paris-Sud, Univ Paris-Saclay, DHU Hepatinov, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Deng Y, Zhao H, Zhou J, Yan L, Wang G. Angiopoietin-like protein as a novel marker for liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B patients with normal to minimally raised ALT. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:650. [PMID: 28962551 PMCID: PMC5622570 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2728-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background For hepatitis B patients who do not meet the treatment criteria recommended by guidelines, therapy decisions depend on hepatic histology. Angiopoietin-like protein 2 (Angptl2) is a mediator of chronic inflammation that contributes to extracellular matrix remodeling. The aim of this study was to explore the predictive value of Angptl2 as a novel biomarker of liver histology. Methods Hepatitis B patients with normal to minimally raised ALT were recruited. Serum Angptl2 concentrations were detected using commercial ELISA kit. The fibrosis score were assessed according to Ishak criteria. Significant fibrosis was defined as ISHAK score ≥ 3. Results Of 460 patients, 223 cases served as training cohort and 237 ones as validation cohort. Serum Angptl2 concentration was significantly associated with fibrosis scores in both training and validation group. Angptl2 combined index (ACI) for assessing significant fibrosis was developed from training cohort, based on Angptl2 and conventional variables. ACI showed areas under receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.835 for predicting significant fibrosis, which was superior to APRI (AUC = 0.776, P = 0.049), FIB-4 (AUC = 0.750, P = 0.010), Hui model (AUC = 0.756, P = 0.028), and had a better trend than Forn’s index (AUC = 0.796, P = 0.083) in training cohort. Finally, validation cohort revealed its robustness and reliability. Conclusion Higher Angptl2 level represents as a potential biomarker independently associated with fibrosis stages. Compared with APRI, Hui model, FIB-4, Forn’s index, ACI did better in diagnosing significant fibrosis in hepatitis B patients. Trial registration The complete clinical trials protocol is available by request at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01962155) and chictr.org (ChiCTR-DDT-13003724). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-017-2728-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiong Deng
- Department of Infectious Disease, Center for Liver Disease, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.,The Department of dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Infectious Disease, Center for Liver Disease, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Jiyuan Zhou
- Department of Infectious Disease, Center for Liver Disease, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Linlin Yan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Center for Liver Disease, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Guiqiang Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Center for Liver Disease, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China. .,The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China. .,The coordination innovation centerMinistry of education, Beijing, China.
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137
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Attallah AM, Omran D, Omran MM, Albannan MS, Zayed RA, Saif S, Farid A, Hassany M, Yosry A. Fibro-Mark: a panel of laboratory parameters for predicting significant fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C patients. Br J Biomed Sci 2017; 75:19-23. [PMID: 28945150 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2017.1362950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrosis markers are useful for the prediction of cirrhosis but clinical scores such as King's score, AST-Platelet ratio index (APRI), Biotechnology research center (BRC), Fibrosis routine test (FRT), Fibro-α score and Fibro-quotient (FibroQ) have limited accuracy for diagnosing significant fibrosis. We hypothesised that new markers (reflecting the balance between hepatic fibrogenesis and fibrolysis) together with other indirect fibrosis markers would together construct a more sensitive and specific score capable of identifying fibrosis than existing scores. METHODS Collagen IV, hyaluronic acid, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) were measured by ELISA, and AST, ALT, platelet count, albumin, total bilirubin, INR and AFP by routine methods in 148 patients with hepatitis C induced liver disease. Stepwise linear discriminant analysis and area under receiver-operating characteristic curves (AUCs) were used to create a predictive score and compare it to others. RESULTS Patients with significant fibrosis (n = 100, F2-F4) showed 2.08, 2.14, 1.80 and 1.90-fold increase in collagen IV, hyaluronic acid, PDGF and TIMP-1, respectively, over patients with no or mild fibrosis (n = 48, F0/F1)(all p < 0.01). Significant independent predictors of F2-F4 were AFP (AUC 0.79), age (0.76), PDGF (0.74), collagen IV (0.78) and TIMP (0.75), which together formed a five-marker score 'Fibro-Mark' for predicting F2-F4. In comparison with other scores, AUC for Fibro-Mark was 0.89, BRC was 0.83, followed by FRT and King's score (both 0.82), APRI (0.80), Fibro-α (0.70) and finally Fibro Q (0.63). CONCLUSIONS The Fibro-Mark score provides better discrimination in hepatic-fibrosis staging in chronic hepatitis C patients than existing scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Attallah
- a Research & Development Dept. , Biotechnology Research Center , New Damietta , Egypt
| | - D Omran
- b Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of Endemic Medicine and Hepatology , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - M M Omran
- c Faculty of Science , Helwan University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - M S Albannan
- a Research & Development Dept. , Biotechnology Research Center , New Damietta , Egypt
| | - R A Zayed
- d Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of Clinical and Chemical Pathology , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - S Saif
- e National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - A Farid
- e National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - M Hassany
- e National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - A Yosry
- b Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of Endemic Medicine and Hepatology , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
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138
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Wang L, Feng Y, Ma X, Wang G, Wu H, Xie X, Zhang C, Zhu Q. Diagnostic efficacy of noninvasive liver fibrosis indexes in predicting portal hypertension in patients with cirrhosis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182969. [PMID: 28820885 PMCID: PMC5562323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent data suggest that noninvasive liver fibrosis indexes could be useful for predicting esophageal varices (EV) in cirrhotic patients. However, thus far, the diagnostic efficacy of these indexes in predicting portal hypertension (PH) in cirrhotic patients has been poorly evaluated. Aims To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of noninvasive liver fibrosis indexes in the diagnosis of PH. Methods A total of 238 cirrhotic patients underwent hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) evaluation and relevant serum tests to analyze the variables associated with PH grade. Then, the diagnostic performances of seven fibrosis indexes, the aspartate aminotransferase (AST)-to-alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio (AAR), AST-to-platelet (PLT) ratio index (APRI), fibrosis index (FI), FIB-4, Forns index, King’s score and the Lok index, were evaluated to determine their efficacy in predicting clinically significant PH (CSPH) and severe PH (SPH). In addition, the performances of these fibrosis indexes in different subgroups were investigated. Results The results of a multivariate analysis of serum markers showed that AST values, platelet (PLT) count and albumin (ALB) were associated with PH grade. Among the seven—fibrosis indexes, King’s score, APRI and the Lok index showed modest diagnostic accuracy in predicting CSPH and SPH, as indicated by AUC of 0.755 and 0.742, 0.740 and 0.742, and 0.722 and 0.717, respectively. In addition, combination of King’s score (cutoff 23.47) and Lok index (cutoff 1.30) predicted presence of CSPH, with the highest PPV (95.38%) and +LR (5.49). A subgroup analysis indicated that the noninvasive screening model may be more applicable to patients with cirrhosis of viral etiology. Conclusions Serum liver fibrosis indexes exhibited modest diagnostic accuracy for PH in cirrhotic patients. These indexes may not be able to replace HVPG measurements for the diagnosis of PH but may be used as a first-line screening method for CSPH in liver cirrhosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Liver Disease Prevention and Control, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yuemin Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Liver Disease Prevention and Control, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaowen Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Liver Disease Prevention and Control, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guangchuan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Liver Disease Prevention and Control, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Liver Disease Prevention and Control, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Liver Disease Prevention and Control, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chunqing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Liver Disease Prevention and Control, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Liver Disease Prevention and Control, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- * E-mail:
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Valkov I, Ivanova R, Alexiev A, Antonov K, Mateva L. Association of Serum Lipids with Hepatic Steatosis, Stage of Liver Fibrosis and Viral Load in Chronic Hepatitis C. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:OC15-OC20. [PMID: 28969178 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/28609.10459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) relies on host lipids for its life cycle contributing to lipid abnormalities and hepatic steatosis. Disease progression is influenced by viral factors interacting with host immune and metabolic pathways. The significance of serum lipids for Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC) assessment is not clearly established yet. AIM Our aim was to investigate serum lipids' association with stage of liver fibrosis, steatosis and genotypes in patients with CHC. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 112 CHC patients (54 male, 58 female, aged 48.6±13.7 years) were studied - 98 genotype 1 (G1) and 14 genotype 3 (G3). Liver cirrhosis (F4) was diagnosed in 31 cases. Steatosis was present in 75 of all patients on ultrasound. Liver biopsy was done in 65 patients and histology showed steatosis in 28, stages of fibrosis (F1-F3) in 56 and F4 in 9 patients (METAVIR). Laboratory panel included complete blood count, liver tests and serum lipid levels (mmol/l) with Friedewald equation estimations. Indirect noninvasive fibrosis scores FIB-4, Aspartate aminotransferase to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) and Forns index were calculated. HCV RNA was quantified by RT-PCR. Statistical analysis included Spearman's rho, Mann-Whitney U test, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS Total Cholesterol (TCh) (p=0.002) and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) (p=0.003) in G1 patients were higher when steatosis was present. TCh (p<0.001), High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) (p=0.018) and LDL (p=0.003) were lower in G1 F4 compared with F1-F3 patients. Triglyceride (TG) levels correlated with FIB-4 (r=0.364, p=0.029), APRI (r=0.333, p=0.047) and Forns index (r=0.423, p=0.010) in G1 patients without steatosis. TG to LDL ratio (TG/LDL) (p=0.001) was higher in F4 than in F1-F3 patients. TG/LDL ratio predicted the presence of F4 in G1 patients without steatosis by an area under the ROC curve 0.900 (p<0.001). TG/LDL ratio > 0.52 was highly specific for F4 without steatosis. Specificity dropped to 76% when steatosis was present. TG/LDL < 0.32 negatively predicted liver cirrhosis. HCV RNA correlated with TG levels (r=0.330, p=0.009) in G1 patients with steatosis and with histological percent of fatty hepatocytes (r=0.585, p=0.028) in G3 patients. CONCLUSION Lipid levels in CHC G1 patients depend on the presence of steatosis and cirrhosis. HCV RNA is associated with TG levels in G1 patients with steatosis, but not in G3 patients. In cirrhotic CHC G1 patients cholesterol is low with relatively increased TG. TG/LDL ratio is a potential marker of liver cirrhosis in CHC G1 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Valkov
- Resident and PhD Student, Clinic of Gastroenterology, University Hospital "St.Ivan Rilski", Medical University-Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Radina Ivanova
- Associate Professor, Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital "St.Ivan Rilski", Medical University-Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Assen Alexiev
- Professor, Clinic of Gastroenterology, University Hospital "St.Ivan Rilski", Medical University-Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Krasimir Antonov
- Professor, Clinic of Gastroenterology, University Hospital "St.Ivan Rilski", Medical University-Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lyudmila Mateva
- Professor, Head of Clinic of Gastroenterology, University Hospital "St.Ivan Rilski", Medical University-Sofia, Bulgaria
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Unalp-Arida A, Ruhl CE. Liver fibrosis scores predict liver disease mortality in the United States population. Hepatology 2017; 66:84-95. [PMID: 28195363 PMCID: PMC7005915 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Fatty liver disease is common in the United States and worldwide due to changing lifestyles and can progress to fibrosis and cirrhosis contributing to premature death. We examined whether liver fibrosis scores were associated with increased overall and disease-specific mortality in a United States population-based prospective survey with up to 23 years of linked-mortality data. Data were analyzed from 14,841 viral hepatitis-negative adult participants in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Liver fibrosis was predicted using the aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score (NFS), and Forns score. Participants were passively followed for mortality, identified by death certificate underlying or contributing causes, by linkage to National Death Index records through 2011. Hazard ratios (HR) for mortality were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression to adjust for mortality risk factors. During follow-up, cumulative mortality was 28.0% from all causes and 0.82% with liver disease, including primary liver cancer. Elevated liver disease mortality was found with an intermediate to high APRI (HR, 9.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.02-17.73), intermediate (HR, 3.15; 95% CI, 1.33-7.44) or high (HR, 25.14; 95% CI, 8.38-75.40) FIB-4 score, high NFS (HR, 6.52; 95% CI, 2.30-18.50), and intermediate (HR, 3.58; 95% CI, 1.78-7.18) or high (HR, 63.13; 95% CI, 22.16-179.78) Forns score. Overall mortality was also greater with higher fibrosis scores. CONCLUSION In the United States population, higher liver fibrosis scores were associated with increased liver disease and overall mortality. Liver health management with common clinical measures of fibrosis risk stratification merits further investigation. (Hepatology 2017;66:84-95).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aynur Unalp-Arida
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD
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141
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Xie C, Ma B, Wang N, Wan L. Comparison of serological assessments in the diagnosis of liver fibrosis in bile duct ligation mice. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 242:1398-1404. [PMID: 28669222 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217718179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis assessment is essential to make a prognosis and to determine the appropriate anti-fibrosis treatment. Non-invasive serum markers are widely studied in patients to assess liver fibrosis due to the limitations of liver biopsy. When using animal models to study the mechanism and intervention of hepatic fibrosis, serum markers might be useful for the continuous assessment of liver fibrosis in individual animals, which could avoid the influence of biological differences between individuals. However, it is unclear whether serum markers can assess hepatic fibrosis in the animal model. In the present study, we evaluated and compared the ability of four serum markers to assess liver fibrosis in bile duct ligation mice. According to the stages of liver fibrosis assessed by pathological changes, mice in this study were divided into five groups (F0, F1, F2, F3, and F4). Subsequently, four serum markers, aspartate aminotransferase-to-alanine aminotransferase ratio (AAR), aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), fibrosis index based on the 4 factors (FIB-4), and Forns Index, were calculated for each group. Furthermore, the correlations between serum markers and pathological stages and the ability of serological markers to evaluate liver fibrosis were analyzed. AAR, APRI, FIB-4, and Forns Index could significantly distinguish F0-2 from F3-4 mice. APRI, FIB-4, and Forns Index could detect F0-3 from F4 mice. Among these four markers, FIB-4 was the best able to distinguish ≥F2 and ≥F3, with area under the curve values of 0.882 and 0.92, respectively. Forns Index was best for diagnosing F4 with area under the curve value of 0.879. These results demonstrated that serum markers could be used for assessing liver fibrosis in bile duct ligation mice, and therefore, these markers might lead to more accurate diagnostic and therapeutic studies through continuous monitoring in individual animals. Impact statement The assessment of liver fibrosis is essential for making a prognosis and determining the appropriate anti-fibrosis treatment. In studies focusing on the mechanism and treatment of liver fibrosis using animal models, it would be more accurate to continuously evaluate liver fibrosis in a single animal to avoid individual biological differences. Unfortunately, it is difficult to perform continuous assessment through liver biopsy in the most commonly used rodent models. It is unclear whether serum markers, which have been used in hepatic fibrosis patients, could be used in animal models. Our results demonstrate that serum markers could be used for assessing liver fibrosis in bile duct ligation mice. This study might contribute to more accurate diagnostic and therapeutic studies through continuous monitoring in individual animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxia Xie
- 1 Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Bo Ma
- 1 Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Ning Wang
- 1 Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Lin Wan
- 1 Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610041, China.,2 Key Lab of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, MOH, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610041, China
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142
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Shahabi M, Hassanpour H, Mashayekhi H. Rule extraction for fatty liver detection using neural networks. Neural Comput Appl 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00521-017-3130-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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143
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Chu PS, Nakamoto N, Taniki N, Ojiro K, Amiya T, Makita Y, Murata H, Yamaguchi A, Shiba S, Miyake R, Katayama T, Ugamura A, Ikura A, Takeda K, Ebinuma H, Saito H, Kanai T. On-treatment decrease of NKG2D correlates to early emergence of clinically evident hepatocellular carcinoma after interferon-free therapy for chronic hepatitis C. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179096. [PMID: 28617830 PMCID: PMC5472371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Interferon (IFN)- free direct antiviral agents (DAAs) with rapid HCV eradication might evoke immunological reconstitutions, and some early recurrences of HCC after IFN-free DAAs have been reported. This study aimed to investigate whether natural killer group 2, member D (NKG2D) predicts early emergence of HCC after IFN-free DAAs. Methods We conducted a clinical practice-based observational study of 101 patients infected with genotype 1 HCV who received IFN-free (DAAs), and stratified them into those who did or did not develop early (i.e., during the 6-month surveillance period following treatment.) recurrence or occurrence of clinically evident HCC. We also analyzed the peripheral blood mononuclear cells, both before treatment and at end of treatment (EOT), of 24 of the patients who received IFN-free DAAs, and 16 who received IFN-combined protease inhibitor. Results We found early emergence of clinically evident HCC after IFN-free DAAs in 12 (12%) patients. Higher pre-treatment NKG2D expression, higher FIB-4 score, previous HCC history and failure to achieve sustained viral response were significant factors correlating to early HCC emergence. After IFN-free DAAs, a rapid decrease of NKG2D at EOT correlated with early HCC emergence in the IFN-free DAA-treated patients, but not in patients treated with the IFN-combined regimen. The decrease of NKG2D until EOT was predictive of early HCC emergence at a cut-off of -52% (AUC = 0.92). Conclusions On-treatment decrease of NKG2D may be a useful predictor of early emerging HCC in patients treated with IFN-free DAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-sung Chu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (PSC); (TK)
| | - Nobuhiro Nakamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Taniki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ojiro
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeru Amiya
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Makita
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, 5-9-1 Shiragane-dai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Murata
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Eiju Hospital, 2-23-16 Higashi-ueno, Ueno-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yamaguchi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Shiba
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rei Miyake
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Katayama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Ugamura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ikura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Karin Takeda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Ebinuma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital, 1-4-3 Mita, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetsugu Saito
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Pharmacotherapeutics, Keio University School of Pharmacy, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (PSC); (TK)
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144
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Collazos J, Valle-Garay E, Suárez-Zarracina T, Montes AH, Cartón JA, Asensi V. Matrix metalloproteases and their tissue inhibitors in non-alcoholic liver fibrosis of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. World J Virol 2017; 6:36-45. [PMID: 28573088 PMCID: PMC5437382 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v6.i2.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the relationships among diverse metalloproteases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) and non-alcoholic liver fibrosis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients.
METHODS Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MMPs, TNF-α and CCR5 genes, and serum levels of MMPs and TIMPs were determined in HIV-infected individuals with/out hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection. A total of 158 patients were included, 57 of whom were HCV-coinfected. All patients drank < 50 g ethanol/day. Diverse SNPs (MMP-1 -1607 1G/2G, MMP-8 -799C/T, MMP-9 -1562 C/T, MMP-13 -77A/G, TNF-α -308 G/A, CCR5-∆32), and serum levels of MMPs (2, 3, 8, 9 and 10) and TIMPs (1, 2 and 4) were assessed. Liver fibrosis was determined by transient elastometry, although other non-invasive markers of fibrosis were also considered. Significant liver fibrosis (F ≥ 2) was defined by a transient elastometry value ≥ 7.1 kPa.
RESULTS A total of 34 patients (21.5%) had liver fibrosis ≥ F2. MMP-2 and TIMP-2 serum levels were higher in patients with liver fibrosis ≥ F2 (P = 0.02 and P = 0.03, respectively) and correlated positively with transient elastometry values (P = 0.02 and P = 0.0009, respectively), whereas MMP-9 values were negatively correlated with transient elastometry measurements (P = 0.01). Multivariate analyses showed that high levels of MMP-2 (OR = 2.397; 95%CI: 1.191-4.827, P = 0.014) were independently associated with liver fibrosis ≥ F2 in the patients as a whole. MMP-2 (OR = 7.179; 95%CI: 1.210-42.581, P = 0.03) and male gender (OR = 10.040; 95%CI: 1.621-62.11, P = 0.013) were also independent predictors of fibrosis ≥ F2 in the HCV-infected subgroup. Likewise, MMP-2, TIMP-2 and MMP-9 were independently associated with transient elastometry values and other non-invasive markers of liver fibrosis. None of the six SNPs evaluated had any significant association with liver fibrosis ≥ F2.
CONCLUSION Certain MMPs and TIMPs, particularly MMP-2, seems to be associated with non-alcoholic liver fibrosis in HIV-infected patients with/without HCV coinfection.
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Moqueet N, Kanagaratham C, Gill MJ, Hull M, Walmsley S, Radzioch D, Saeed S, Platt RW, Klein MB. A prognostic model for development of significant liver fibrosis in HIV-hepatitis C co-infection. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176282. [PMID: 28467457 PMCID: PMC5415136 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis progresses rapidly in HIV-Hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infected individuals partially due to heightened inflammation. Immune markers targeting stages of fibrogenesis could aid in prognosis of fibrosis. METHODS A case-cohort study was nested in the prospective Canadian Co-infection Cohort (n = 1119). HCV RNA positive individuals without fibrosis, end-stage liver disease or chronic Hepatitis B at baseline (n = 679) were eligible. A random subcohort (n = 236) was selected from those eligible. Pro-fibrogenic markers and Interferon Lambda (IFNL) rs8099917 genotype were measured from first available sample in all fibrosis cases (APRI ≥ 1.5 during follow-up) and the subcohort. We used Cox proportional hazards and compared Model 1 (selected clinical predictors only) to Model 2 (Model 1 plus selected markers) for predicting 3-year risk of liver fibrosis using weighted Harrell's C and Net Reclassification Improvement indices. RESULTS 113 individuals developed significant liver fibrosis over 1300 person-years (8.63 per 100 person-years 95% CI: 7.08, 10.60). Model 1 (age, sex, current alcohol use, HIV RNA, baseline APRI, HCV genotype) was nested in model 2, which also included IFNL genotype and IL-8, sICAM-1, RANTES, hsCRP, and sCD14. The C indexes (95% CI) for model 1 vs. model 2 were 0.720 (0.649, 0.791) and 0.756 (0.688, 0.825), respectively. Model 2 classified risk more appropriately (overall net reclassification improvement, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Including IFNL genotype and inflammatory markers IL-8, sICAM-1, RANTES, hs-CRP, and sCD14 enabled better prediction of the 3-year risk of significant liver fibrosis over clinical predictors alone. Whether this modest improvement in prediction justifies their additional cost requires further cost-benefit analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasheed Moqueet
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cynthia Kanagaratham
- Department of Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - M. John Gill
- Southern Alberta HIV Clinic, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mark Hull
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sharon Walmsley
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Danuta Radzioch
- Department of Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sahar Saeed
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Robert W. Platt
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marina B. Klein
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
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146
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Wei X, Wei H, Lin W, Hu Z, Zhang J. Cell death biomarker M65 is a useful indicator of liver inflammation and fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B: A cross-sectional study of diagnostic accuracy. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6807. [PMID: 28514295 PMCID: PMC5440132 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell death markers, M65 and M30, have been suggested to be sensitive markers of liver inflammation and fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic hepatitis C. Our aim was to investigate whether these markers were useful in diagnosing liver inflammation and fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B (CHB).We examined 186 patients with CHB; 18 sex- and age-matched healthy subjects were controls. The blood samples were collected from CHB patients within 1 week before or after liver biopsy. According to METAVIR score system, liver inflammation was graded from A0 to A3, and fibrosis from F0 to F4.Serum M65 and M30 levels were in parallel with the grades of liver inflammation. M65, not M30, increased significantly in patients with severe inflammation and normal alanine aminotransferase. M65 is one of the independent predictors of severe liver inflammation (≥A2). The levels of M65 and M30 levels significantly increased in parallel with the degree of inflammation in F1 patients, whereas they showed no statistical difference between different stages of fibrosis in A1 patients.Serum M65 is a useful indicator of liver inflammation in CHB patients. Serum M65, not M30, is valuable in the grading of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhuan Wei
- Department of Hepatitis C and Drug-induced Liver Injury, Beijing Youan Hospital
| | - Hongshan Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Hepatitis C and Drug-induced Liver Injury, Beijing Youan Hospital
| | - Zhongjie Hu
- Department of Hepatitis C and Drug-induced Liver Injury, Beijing Youan Hospital
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Hepatitis C and Drug-induced Liver Injury, Beijing Youan Hospital
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147
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Association of Serum Autotaxin Levels with Liver Fibrosis in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46705. [PMID: 28425454 PMCID: PMC5397977 DOI: 10.1038/srep46705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolized by liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, autotaxin (ATX) is a secreted enzyme considered to be associated with liver damage. We sought to clarify the diagnostic ability of ATX for liver fibrosis in 593 biopsy-confirmed hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients. The diagnostic accuracy of ATX was compared with clinical parameters and the established fibrosis biomarkers Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive Mac-2-binding protein, FIB-4 index, AST-to-platelet ratio, and Forn’s index. Median ATX levels were consistently higher in female controls and patients than in their male counterparts (P < 0.01). Serum ATX concentration increased significantly according to liver fibrosis stage in overall and both genders (P < 0.001). The cutoff values of ATX for prediction of fibrosis stages ≥F1, ≥F2, ≥F3, and F4 were 0.8, 1.1, 1.3, and 1.7 mg/L, respectively, in male patients and 0.9, 1.7, 1.8, and 2.0 mg/L, respectively, in female patients. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for ATX to diagnose fibrosis of ≥F2 (0.861) in male patients was superior to those of FIB-4 index and Forn’s index (P < 0.001), while that in female patients (0.801) was comparable with those of the other markers. ATX therefore represents a novel non-invasive biomarker for liver fibrosis in HCV-infected patients.
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148
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Barreto AVMS, Alecrim VM, Medeiros TBD, Domingues ALC, Lopes EP, Martins JRM, Nader HB, Diniz GTN, Montenegro SML, Morais CNLD. New index for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis in Schistosomiasis mansoni. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2017; 54:51-56. [PMID: 28079240 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.2017v54n1-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND - Periportal fibrosis is the major pathological consequence of the Schistosoma mansoni infection. OBJECTIVE - To evaluate the accuracy of serum markers and to construct an index to assess fibrosis. METHODS - Patients (n=116) with schistosomiasis were evaluated by ultrasound scan and measurements of serum levels of aminotransferases, γ-glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, hyaluronic acid, cytokines and platelets. Ultrasound images were used to evaluate the fibrosis using Niamey's classification and identified 19 patients without periportal fibrosis (patterns A and B), 48 with mild to moderate fibrosis (C and D) and 49 with advanced fibrosis (E and F). RESULTS - Using multivariate analysis, a model was created, which involved alkaline phosphatase and platelets and could separate patients with different patterns of fibrosis. This index showed a better performance in separating patients without fibrosis from with advanced periportal fibrosis. The biological index showed an area under the ROC curve of 1.000. Using values below the lowest or above the highest cut-off point, the presence or absence of advanced fibrosis could be predicted in all patients. CONCLUSION - The index constructed can be used to separate patients with different patterns of periportal fibrosis, specially to predict advanced fibrosis in schistosomiasis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Edmundo Pessoa Lopes
- Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - João Roberto Maciel Martins
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Helena Bonciani Nader
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Stasi C, Salomoni E, Arena U, Corti G, Montalto P, Bartalesi F, Marra F, Laffi G, Milani S, Zignego AL, Pinzani M. Non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis in patients with HBV-related chronic liver disease undergoing antiviral treatment: A preliminary study. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 806:105-109. [PMID: 28414057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, fibrosis assessment during antiviral treatment is a key step in the clinical management. Aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of elastography in assessing fibrosis stage in CHB before and after two years of nucleoside/nucleotide analogues (NUC) treatment in comparison with indirect serum markers. CHB diagnosis was made according to standard criteria. A clinical and virological evaluation was performed at baseline and again at 3, 6, 9, 12 18, and 24 months during treatment. Fibrosis was evaluated by liver biopsy, elastography and indirect serum markers. Of 75 patients, 50 had CHB, HBeAg negative and were deemed eligible for this study. Of these, 22 underwent liver biopsy. Mean histo-morphometric values of fibrotic tissue differed significantly in the stage < S3 vs. stage ≥S3: 2.01±2.62% vs. 12.85±7.31% (p=0.03), respectively. At 18 and 24 months, stiffness values were statistically reduced from those previously observed (P=0.03 and P<0.001). At 24 months the values of APRI, FIB-4 and LOK were not different from baseline values, while the value of FORNS score at 24 months was the only one statistically reduced. In two patients with fibrosis stage S3 and S6, respectively, fibrosis regressed to stage S2 and S5. In conclusion, the results of the present study show that liver histology, stiffness and FORNS score improve significantly during a long-term follow-up of HBV patients successfully treated with NUC. These results strongly suggest that the non-invasive evaluation of liver fibrosis represents a key step in the management and treatment of chronic HBV hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Stasi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Elena Salomoni
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Umberto Arena
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Corti
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Paolo Montalto
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Ospedale SS Cosma e Damiano, Pescia, Italy
| | - Filippo Bartalesi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabio Marra
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giacomo Laffi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Milani
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Linda Zignego
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Pinzani
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital London, London, United Kingdom
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150
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Development of a Simple Noninvasive Model to Predict Significant Fibrosis in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B: Combination of Ultrasound Elastography, Serum Biomarkers, and Individual Characteristics. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2017; 8:e84. [PMID: 28383564 PMCID: PMC5415893 DOI: 10.1038/ctg.2017.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The accurate assessment of liver fibrosis is clinically important in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Blood tests and elastography are now widely used for the noninvasive diagnosis of liver fibrosis in CHB patients. The aim of this study was to develop a new and more accurate predictive model, which combines elastography data, serum biomarkers, and individual characteristics, to discriminate between CHB patients with and without significant liver fibrosis. Methods: Two noninvasive methods, specifically, an ultrasound elastography technique termed acoustic radiation force impulse imaging (ARFI) and a blood test, were used to assess a cohort of 345 patients (estimation group, 218 patients; validation group, 127 patients) with CHB. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that ARFI, the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to platelet ratio, and age were significantly associated with fibrosis. Based on these results, we constructed and validated a model for the diagnosis of significant hepatic fibrosis. Results: The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.921 for the estimation group and 0.929 for the validation group, significantly higher than those for ARFI (0.887, 0.893) and for the AST-to-platelet ratio index (APRI; 0.811, 0.859). Using an optimal cutoff of 3.05 in the validation group, all the indices of the proposed model, including accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic odds ratio, were better than those for ARFI or APRI. Conclusions: We developed a simple noninvasive model that used ultrasound elastography, routine serum biomarkers, and individual characteristics to accurately differentiate significant fibrosis in patients with CHB. Compared with elastography or the biomarker index alone, this model was significantly more accurate and robust.
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