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Shaboodien G, Spracklen TF, Kamuli S, Ndibangwi P, Van Niekerk C, Ntusi NAB. Genetics of inherited cardiomyopathies in Africa. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2020; 10:262-278. [PMID: 32420109 DOI: 10.21037/cdt.2019.10.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) is rising disproportionately in comparison to the rest of the world, affecting urban, semi-urban and rural dwellers alike. NCDs are predicted to surpass infections like human immunodeficiency virus, tuberculosis and malaria as the leading cause of mortality in SSA over the next decade. Heart failure (HF) is the dominant form of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and a leading cause of NCD in SSA. The main causes of HF in SSA are hypertension, cardiomyopathies, rheumatic heart disease, pericardial disease, and to a lesser extent, coronary heart disease. Of these, the cardiomyopathies deserve greater attention because of the relatively poor understanding of mechanisms of disease, poor outcomes and the disproportionate impact they have on young, economically active individuals. Morphofunctionally, cardiomyopathies are classified as dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive and arrhythmogenic; regardless of classification, at least half of these are inherited forms of CVD. In this review, we summarise all studies that have investigated the incidence of cardiomyopathy across Africa, with a focus on the inherited cardiomyopathies. We also review data on the molecular genetic underpinnings of cardiomyopathy in Africa, where there is a striking lack of studies reporting on the genetics of cardiomyopathy. We highlight the impact that genetic testing, through candidate gene screening, association studies and next generation sequencing technologies such as whole exome sequencing and targeted resequencing has had on the understanding of cardiomyopathy in Africa. Finally, we emphasise the need for future studies to fill large gaps in our knowledge in relation to the genetics of inherited cardiomyopathies in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gasnat Shaboodien
- Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Timothy F Spracklen
- Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Stephen Kamuli
- Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Polycarp Ndibangwi
- Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Carla Van Niekerk
- Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ntobeko A B Ntusi
- Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Cape Universities Body Imaging Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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102
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Ameri P, Schiattarella GG, Crotti L, Torchio M, Bertero E, Rodolico D, Forte M, Di Mauro V, Paolillo R, Chimenti C, Torella D, Catalucci D, Sciarretta S, Basso C, Indolfi C, Perrino C. Novel Basic Science Insights to Improve the Management of Heart Failure: Review of the Working Group on Cellular and Molecular Biology of the Heart of the Italian Society of Cardiology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1192. [PMID: 32054029 PMCID: PMC7072832 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite important advances in diagnosis and treatment, heart failure (HF) remains a syndrome with substantial morbidity and dismal prognosis. Although implementation and optimization of existing technologies and drugs may lead to better management of HF, new or alternative strategies are desirable. In this regard, basic science is expected to give fundamental inputs, by expanding the knowledge of the pathways underlying HF development and progression, identifying approaches that may improve HF detection and prognostic stratification, and finding novel treatments. Here, we discuss recent basic science insights that encompass major areas of translational research in HF and have high potential clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Ameri
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino—IRCCS Italian Cardiovascular Network & Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | | | - Lia Crotti
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, 20149 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Torchio
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin, and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, 20095 Milan, Italy;
| | - Edoardo Bertero
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Daniele Rodolico
- Agostino Gemelli Medical School, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Forte
- Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzili, Italy; (M.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Vittoria Di Mauro
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Genetics & Biomedical Research, Milan Unit, 20138 Milan, Italy; (V.D.M.); (D.C.)
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, 20090 Rozzano (MI), Italy
| | - Roberta Paolillo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Cristina Chimenti
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic, and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy;
| | - Daniele Torella
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Daniele Catalucci
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Genetics & Biomedical Research, Milan Unit, 20138 Milan, Italy; (V.D.M.); (D.C.)
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, 20090 Rozzano (MI), Italy
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzili, Italy; (M.F.); (S.S.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Cristina Basso
- Cardiovascular Pathology, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy;
| | - Ciro Indolfi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Center of Cardiovascular Research, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
- URT-CNR, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cinzia Perrino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy;
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103
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Samak M, Hinkel R. Stem Cells in Cardiovascular Medicine: Historical Overview and Future Prospects. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121530. [PMID: 31783680 PMCID: PMC6952821 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death in the developed world, accounting for more than 30% of all deaths. In a large proportion of these patients, acute myocardial infarction is usually the first manifestation, which might further progress to heart failure. In addition, the human heart displays a low regenerative capacity, leading to a loss of cardiomyocytes and persistent tissue scaring, which entails a morbid pathologic sequela. Novel therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. Stem cells, such as induced pluripotent stem cells or embryonic stem cells, exhibit great potential for cell-replacement therapy and an excellent tool for disease modeling, as well as pharmaceutical screening of novel drugs and their cardiac side effects. This review article covers not only the origin of stem cells but tries to summarize their translational potential, as well as potential risks and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Samak
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Leibnitz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Deutsches Primatenzentrum GmbH, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rabea Hinkel
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Leibnitz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Deutsches Primatenzentrum GmbH, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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104
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Stroik DR, Ceholski DK, Bidwell PA, Mleczko J, Thanel PF, Kamdar F, Autry JM, Cornea RL, Thomas DD. Viral expression of a SERCA2a-activating PLB mutant improves calcium cycling and synchronicity in dilated cardiomyopathic hiPSC-CMs. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 138:59-65. [PMID: 31751570 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.11.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing momentum toward the development of gene therapy for heart failure (HF) that is defined by impaired calcium (Ca2+) transport and reduced contractility. We have used FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) between fluorescently-tagged SERCA2a (the cardiac Ca2+ pump) and PLB (phospholamban, ventricular peptide inhibitor of SERCA) to test directly the effectiveness of loss-of-inhibition/gain-of-binding (LOI/GOB) PLB mutants (PLBM) that were engineered to compete with the binding of inhibitory wild-type PLB (PLBWT). Our therapeutic strategy is to relieve PLBWT inhibition of SERCA2a by using the reserve adrenergic capacity mediated by PLB to enhance cardiac contractility. Using a FRET assay, we determined that the combination of a LOI PLB mutation (L31A) and a GOB PLB mutation (I40A) results in a novel engineered LOI/GOB PLBM (L31A/I40A) that effectively competes with PLBWT binding to cardiac SERCA2a in HEK293-6E cells. We demonstrated that co-expression of PLBM enhances SERCA Ca-ATPase activity by increasing enzyme Ca2+ affinity (1/KCa) in PLBWT-inhibited HEK293 cell homogenates. For an initial assessment of PLBM physiological effectiveness, we used human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) from a healthy individual. In this system, we observed that adeno-associated virus 2 (rAAV2)-driven expression of PLBM enhances the amplitude of SR Ca2+ release and the rate of SR Ca2+ re-uptake. To assess therapeutic potential, we used a hiPSC-CM model of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) containing PLB mutation R14del, where we observed that rAAV2-driven expression of PLBM rescues arrhythmic Ca2+ transients and alleviates decreased Ca2+ transport. Thus, we propose that PLBM transgene expression is a promising gene therapy strategy that directly targets the underlying pathophysiology of abnormal Ca2+ transport and thus contractility in underlying systolic heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Stroik
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Delaine K Ceholski
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York 10029, United States of America
| | - Philip A Bidwell
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Justyna Mleczko
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York 10029, United States of America
| | - Paul F Thanel
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Forum Kamdar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Joseph M Autry
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Razvan L Cornea
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - David D Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America.
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105
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Reichart D, Magnussen C, Zeller T, Blankenberg S. Dilated cardiomyopathy: from epidemiologic to genetic phenotypes: A translational review of current literature. J Intern Med 2019; 286:362-372. [PMID: 31132311 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by left ventricular dilatation and, consecutively, contractile dysfunction. The causes of DCM are heterogeneous. DCM often results from myocarditis, exposure to alcohol, drugs or other toxins and metabolic or endocrine disturbances. In about 35% of patients, genetic mutations can be identified that usually involve genes responsible for cytoskeletal, sarcomere and nuclear envelope proteins. Due to its heterogeneity, a detailed diagnostic work-up is necessary to identify the specific underlying cause and exclude other conditions with phenotype overlap. Patients with DCM show typical systolic heart failure symptoms, but, with progress of the disease, diastolic dysfunction is present as well. Depending on the underlying pathology, DCM patients also become apparent through arrhythmias, thromboembolic events or cardiogenic shock. Disease progression and prognosis are mostly driven by disease severity and reverse remodelling within the heart. The worst prognosis is seen in patients with lowest ejection fractions or severe diastolic dysfunction, leading to terminal heart failure with subsequent need for left ventricular assist device implantation or heart transplantation. Guideline-based heart failure medication and device therapy reduces the frequency of heart failure hospitalizations and improves survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Reichart
- From the, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Magnussen
- From the, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Zeller
- From the, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Blankenberg
- From the, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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106
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia G Kranias
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (E.G.K.)
| | - Pieter A Doevendans
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (P.A.D.).,UMC Utrecht Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands; Central Military Hospital Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.A.D.)
| | - Pieter C Glijnis
- Phospholamban Foundation, Wieringerwerf, The Netherlands (P.C.G.)
| | - Roger J Hajjar
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (R.J.H.)
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107
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Doevendans PA, Glijnis PC, Kranias EG. Leducq Transatlantic Network of Excellence to Cure Phospholamban-Induced Cardiomyopathy (CURE-PLaN). Circ Res 2019; 125:720-724. [PMID: 31513489 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.315077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The deletion of Arginine 14 of the phosholamban gene (PLN p.R14del) is associated with the pathogenesis of an inherited form of cardiomyopathy with prominent arrhythmias. Patients carrying the PLN R14del mutation are at risk of developing dilated cardiomyopathy or arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Although the genetic etiology is well defined, the molecular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of PLN R14del-cardiomyopathy is unknown. Our CURE PLaN network, funded by the Foundation Leducq, will bring together leading scientists, clinicians, and patients to elucidate the genotype-phenotype relationships in R14del cardiomyopathy with the ultimate goal of developing innovative disease-specific therapeutic modalities. With the generous support of the Leducq Foundation, our Transatlantic Network of Excellence consortium to cure Phospholamban (PLN)-induced cardiomyopathy (CURE-PLaN) unites 6 leading centers to address the current challenges associated with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) with an initial focus on PLN and development of effective treatments. The Network is led by Evangelia (Litsa) Kranias (University of Cincinnati) in the United States and Pieter A. Doevendans (Netherlands Heart Institute/UMC Utrecht NL) in Europe. The other US project leaders are Kevin Costa (Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York) and Mark Mercola and Ioannis Karakikes (Stanford University), who are focusing on induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based disease models, tissue engineering, gene therapy, and drug discovery. On the European side, the project leaders are Despina Sanoudou (Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens) analyzing the PLN interactome and Stephan Lehnart (University of Gottingen) addressing the subcellular and disrupted protein interactions affected in PLN-mutant cardiomyocytes. Other key members within the Netherlands Heart Institute are Peter van Tintelen on PLN genetics, Folkert Asselbergs on epigenetics and Rudolf de Boer on clinical trials. We are also privileged to get support from Arthur Wilde (University of Amsterdam), Sakthivel Sadayappan (University of Cincinnati), and Roger Hajjar (Phospholamban Foundation), who have had a long-standing interest in cardiac physiology and pathophysiology with emphasis on underlying pathways and potential therapeutic targets. The consortium is also fortunate to embrace a patient advocate, Pieter Glijnis, incorporating the voice of the patients to research in every step. Our goal is to build and share a platform of patient data coupled with in vitro and in vivo models to promote scientific discovery and advance novel treatments. Phospholamban is a small phosphoprotein in the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum, and it is the major regulator of SERCA2a activity and calcium (Ca)-cycling. Chronic inhibition of SERCA2a by PLN has been implicated in the aberrant Ca-cycling of failing hearts. Studies in HF models have shown that decreasing PLN activity may rescue cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. Several human PLN mutations, leading to inhibition of Ca-uptake into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, are linked to inherited DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter A Doevendans
- From the Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands (P.A.D.).,The Netherlands and UMC Utrecht Department of Cardiology and Central Military Hospital Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.A.D.)
| | - Pieter C Glijnis
- The Phospholamban Foundation: Zuidrak, Wieringerwerf, The Netherlands (P.C.G.)
| | - Evangelia G Kranias
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH (E.G.K.)
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108
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Newly Discovered Micropeptide Regulators of SERCA Form Oligomers but Bind to the Pump as Monomers. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:4429-4443. [PMID: 31449798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The recently-discovered single-span transmembrane proteins endoregulin (ELN), dwarf open reading frame (DWORF), myoregulin (MLN), and another-regulin (ALN) are reported to bind to the SERCA calcium pump in a manner similar to that of known regulators of SERCA activity, phospholamban (PLB) and sarcolipin (SLN). To determine how micropeptide assembly into oligomers affects the availability of the micropeptide to bind to SERCA in a regulatory complex, we used co-immunoprecipitation and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to quantify micropeptide oligomerization and SERCA-binding. Micropeptides formed avid homo-oligomers with high-order stoichiometry (n > 2 protomers per homo-oligomer), but it was the monomeric form of all micropeptides that interacted with SERCA. In view of these two alternative binding interactions, we evaluated the possibility that oligomerization occurs at the expense of SERCA-binding. However, even the most avidly oligomeric micropeptide species still showed robust FRET with SERCA, and there was a surprising positive correlation between oligomerization affinity and SERCA-binding. This comparison of micropeptide family members suggests that the same structural determinants that support oligomerization are also important for binding to SERCA. Moreover, the unique oligomerization/SERCA-binding profile of DWORF is in harmony with its distinct role as a PLB-competing SERCA activator, in contrast to the inhibitory function of the other SERCA-binding micropeptides.
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109
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Calcium as a Key Player in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy: Adhesion Disorder or Intracellular Alteration? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163986. [PMID: 31426283 PMCID: PMC6721231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is an inherited heart disease characterized by sudden death in young people and featured by fibro-adipose myocardium replacement, malignant arrhythmias, and heart failure. To date, no etiological therapies are available. Mutations in desmosomal genes cause abnormal mechanical coupling, trigger pro-apoptotic signaling pathways, and induce fibro-adipose replacement. Here, we discuss the hypothesis that the ACM causative mechanism involves a defect in the expression and/or activity of the cardiac Ca2+ handling machinery, focusing on the available data supporting this hypothesis. The Ca2+ toolkit is heavily remodeled in cardiomyocytes derived from a mouse model of ACM defective of the desmosomal protein plakophilin-2. Furthermore, ACM-related mutations were found in genes encoding for proteins involved in excitation‒contraction coupling, e.g., type 2 ryanodine receptor and phospholamban. As a consequence, the sarcoplasmic reticulum becomes more eager to release Ca2+, thereby inducing delayed afterdepolarizations and impairing cardiac contractility. These data are supported by preliminary observations from patient induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Assessing the involvement of Ca2+ signaling in the pathogenesis of ACM could be beneficial in the treatment of this life-threatening disease.
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110
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Tester DJ, Wong LCH, Chanana P, Jaye A, Evans JM, FitzPatrick DR, Evans MJ, Fleming P, Jeffrey I, Cohen MC, Tfelt-Hansen J, Simpson MA, Behr ER, Ackerman MJ. Cardiac Genetic Predisposition in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 71:1217-1227. [PMID: 29544605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is a leading cause of postneonatal mortality. Genetic heart diseases (GHDs) underlie some cases of SIDS. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the spectrum and prevalence of GHD-associated mutations as a potential monogenic basis for SIDS. METHODS A cohort of 419 unrelated SIDS cases (257 male; average age 2.7 ± 1.9 months) underwent whole exome sequencing and a targeted analysis of 90 GHD-susceptibility genes. The yield of "potentially informative," ultra-rare variants (minor allele frequency <0.00005) in GHD-associated genes was assessed. RESULTS Overall, 53 of 419 (12.6%) SIDS cases had ≥1 "potentially informative," GHD-associated variant. The yield was 14.9% (21 of 141) for mixed-European ancestry cases and 11.5% (32 of 278) for European ancestry SIDS cases. Infants older than 4 months were more likely to host a "potentially informative" GHD-associated variant. There was significant overrepresentation of ultra-rare nonsynonymous variants in European SIDS cases (18 of 278 [6.5%]) versus European control subjects (30 of 973 [3.1%]; p = 0.013) when combining all 4 major cardiac channelopathy genes (KCNQ1, KCNH2, SCN5A, and RYR2). According to the American College of Medical Genetics guidelines, only 18 of 419 (4.3%) SIDS cases hosted a "pathogenic" or "likely pathogenic" variant. CONCLUSIONS Less than 15% of more than 400 SIDS cases had a "potentially informative" variant in a GHD-susceptibility gene, predominantly in the 4- to 12-month age group. Only 4.3% of cases possessed immediately clinically actionable variants. Consistent with previous studies, ultra-rare, nonsynonymous variants within the major cardiac channelopathy-associated genes were overrepresented in SIDS cases in infants of European ethnicity. These findings have major implications for the investigation of SIDS cases and families.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Tester
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (Division of Heart Rhythm Services), Pediatrics (Division of Pediatric Cardiology), and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics (Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Leonie C H Wong
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom; Cardiology Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University Hospitals' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pritha Chanana
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (Division of Heart Rhythm Services), Pediatrics (Division of Pediatric Cardiology), and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics (Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Amie Jaye
- Medical and Molecular Genetics, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jared M Evans
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (Division of Heart Rhythm Services), Pediatrics (Division of Pediatric Cardiology), and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics (Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | | | - Peter Fleming
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Iona Jeffrey
- Department of Cellular Pathology, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Cellular Pathology', St. George's University Hospitals' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marta C Cohen
- Histopathology Department, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Honorary Senior Lecturer, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob Tfelt-Hansen
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael A Simpson
- Medical and Molecular Genetics, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elijah R Behr
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom; Cardiology Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University Hospitals' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Michael J Ackerman
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (Division of Heart Rhythm Services), Pediatrics (Division of Pediatric Cardiology), and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics (Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
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111
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Hakem Zadeh F, Teng ACT, Kuzmanov U, Chambers PJ, Tupling AR, Gramolini AO. AKAP6 and phospholamban colocalize and interact in HEK-293T cells and primary murine cardiomyocytes. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14144. [PMID: 31325238 PMCID: PMC6642276 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholamban (PLN) is an important Ca2+ modulator at the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of striated muscles. It physically interacts and inhibits sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ATPase (SERCA2) function, whereas a protein kinase A (PKA)‐dependent phosphorylation at its serine 16 reverses the inhibition. The underlying mechanism of this post‐translational modification, however, remains not fully understood. Using publicly available databases, we identified A‐kinase anchoring protein 6 (AKAP6) as a candidate that might play some roles in PLN phosphorylation. Immunofluorescence showed colocalization between GFP‐AKAP6 and PLN in transfected HEK‐293T cells and cultured mouse neonatal cardiomyocytes (CMNCs). Co‐immunoprecipitation confirmed the functional interaction between AKAP6 and PLN in HEK‐293T and isolated adult rat cardiomyocytes in response to isoproterenol stimulation. Functionally, AKAP6 promoted Ca2+ uptake activity of SERCA1 in cotransfected HEK‐293T cells despite the presence of PLN. These results were further confirmed in adult rat cardiomyocytes. Immunofluorescence showed colocalization of both proteins around the perinuclear region, while protein–protein interaction was corroborated by immunoprecipitation of the nucleus‐enriched fraction of rat hearts. Our findings suggest AKAP6 as a novel interacting partner to PLN in HEK‐293T and murine cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farigol Hakem Zadeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.,Translational Biology and Engineering Program (TBEP), Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Allen C T Teng
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.,Translational Biology and Engineering Program (TBEP), Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Uros Kuzmanov
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program (TBEP), Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Paige J Chambers
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario
| | - Allan R Tupling
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario
| | - Anthony O Gramolini
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.,Translational Biology and Engineering Program (TBEP), Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Ontario
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112
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Towbin JA, McKenna WJ, Abrams DJ, Ackerman MJ, Calkins H, Darrieux FCC, Daubert JP, de Chillou C, DePasquale EC, Desai MY, Estes NAM, Hua W, Indik JH, Ingles J, James CA, John RM, Judge DP, Keegan R, Krahn AD, Link MS, Marcus FI, McLeod CJ, Mestroni L, Priori SG, Saffitz JE, Sanatani S, Shimizu W, van Tintelen JP, Wilde AAM, Zareba W. 2019 HRS expert consensus statement on evaluation, risk stratification, and management of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Heart Rhythm 2019; 16:e301-e372. [PMID: 31078652 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 436] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is an arrhythmogenic disorder of the myocardium not secondary to ischemic, hypertensive, or valvular heart disease. ACM incorporates a broad spectrum of genetic, systemic, infectious, and inflammatory disorders. This designation includes, but is not limited to, arrhythmogenic right/left ventricular cardiomyopathy, cardiac amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, Chagas disease, and left ventricular noncompaction. The ACM phenotype overlaps with other cardiomyopathies, particularly dilated cardiomyopathy with arrhythmia presentation that may be associated with ventricular dilatation and/or impaired systolic function. This expert consensus statement provides the clinician with guidance on evaluation and management of ACM and includes clinically relevant information on genetics and disease mechanisms. PICO questions were utilized to evaluate contemporary evidence and provide clinical guidance related to exercise in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Recommendations were developed and approved by an expert writing group, after a systematic literature search with evidence tables, and discussion of their own clinical experience, to present the current knowledge in the field. Each recommendation is presented using the Class of Recommendation and Level of Evidence system formulated by the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association and is accompanied by references and explanatory text to provide essential context. The ongoing recognition of the genetic basis of ACM provides the opportunity to examine the diverse triggers and potential common pathway for the development of disease and arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Towbin
- Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - William J McKenna
- University College London, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - N A Mark Estes
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Wei Hua
- Fu Wai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Julia H Indik
- University of Arizona, Sarver Heart Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jodie Ingles
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology at Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Roy M John
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Daniel P Judge
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Roberto Keegan
- Hospital Privado Del Sur, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Español, Bahia Blanca, Argentina
| | | | - Mark S Link
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Frank I Marcus
- University of Arizona, Sarver Heart Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | - Luisa Mestroni
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Silvia G Priori
- University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart); ICS Maugeri, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | - Wataru Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J Peter van Tintelen
- University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Utrecht University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Department of Genetics, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Arthur A M Wilde
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart); University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
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113
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Sousa A, Canedo P, Campelo M, Moura B, Leite S, Baixia M, Belo A, Rocha-Gonçalves F, Machado JC, Silva-Cardoso J, Martins E, FATIMA Investigators. Genetic Variants Are Not Rare in ICD Candidates with Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Time for Next-Generation Sequencing? Cardiol Res Pract 2019; 2019:2743650. [PMID: 31179125 PMCID: PMC6507268 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2743650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sudden cardiac death (SCD) risk stratification in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) has been based on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), even though SCD may occur with LVEF > 35%. Family history of unexplained SCD, especially in the young, raises concern about potential inheritable risk factors. It remains largely unknown how genetic tests can be integrated into clinical practice, particularly in the selection of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) candidates. We aimed to assess the diagnostic yield of genetic testing in DCM patients with a class I recommendation for ICD implantation, based on current guidelines. METHODS We included ambulatory stable adult patients with idiopathic or familial DCM with previously implanted ICD. Molecular analysis included 15 genes (LMNA, MYH7, MYBPC3, TNNT2, ACTC1, TPM1, CSRP3, TCAP, SGCD, PLN, MYL2, MYL3, TNNI3, TAZ, and LDB3) using next-generation sequencing. RESULTS We evaluated 21 patients, 12 (57%) males and 9 (43%) with familial DCM, including 3 (14%) with a family history of premature unexplained SCD. Mean age at DCM diagnosis was 40 ± 2 years, and mean age at ICD implantation was 50 ± 12 years. LVEF was 27 ± 9%, and LV end-diastolic diameter was 65 ± 7 mm. Genetic variants were found in six (29%) patients, occurring in 5 genes: TPM1, TNNT2, MYH7, PLN, and MYBPC3. The majority were classified as variants of uncertain significance. Family history of SCD was present in both patients with PLN variants. CONCLUSION In patients with DCM and ICD, genetic variants could be identified in a significant proportion of patients in several genes, highlighting the potential role of genetics in DCM SCD risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Sousa
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Cintesis-Center for Research in Health Technologies and Services, Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Cardiology, Santa Maria Maior Hospital, Campo da República, Apartado 181, 4754-909 Barcelos, Portugal
| | - Paulo Canedo
- i3S‐Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Campelo
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Cintesis-Center for Research in Health Technologies and Services, Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Cardiology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, E.P.E., Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Brenda Moura
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital das Forças Armadas - Pólo Porto, Av. Da Boavista, 4050-113 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Leite
- Department of Cardiology, Alto Ave Hospital Center–Guimarães Unity, Rua dos Cutileiros 114, Creixomil, 4835-044 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Márcia Baixia
- i3S‐Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Adriana Belo
- National Center for Data Collection in Cardiology, Rua de Olivença n° 11, 7° Piso, Sala 701, 3000-306 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Rocha-Gonçalves
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- i3S‐Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - José Carlos Machado
- i3S‐Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - José Silva-Cardoso
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Cintesis-Center for Research in Health Technologies and Services, Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Cardiology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, E.P.E., Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Martins
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- i3S‐Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Cardiology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, E.P.E., Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - FATIMA Investigators
- National Center for Data Collection in Cardiology, Rua de Olivença n° 11, 7° Piso, Sala 701, 3000-306 Coimbra, Portugal
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114
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Akinrinade O, Heliö T, Lekanne Deprez RH, Jongbloed JDH, Boven LG, van den Berg MP, Pinto YM, Alastalo TP, Myllykangas S, Spaendonck-Zwarts KV, van Tintelen JP, van der Zwaag PA, Koskenvuo J. Relevance of Titin Missense and Non-Frameshifting Insertions/Deletions Variants in Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4093. [PMID: 30858397 PMCID: PMC6412046 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39911-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in next generation sequencing (NGS) technology have led to the identification of the giant sarcomere gene, titin (TTN), as a major human disease gene. Truncating variants of TTN (TTNtv) especially in the A-band region account for 20% of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) cases. Much attention has been focused on assessment and interpretation of TTNtv in human disease; however, missense and non-frameshifting insertions/deletions (NFS-INDELs) are difficult to assess and interpret in clinical diagnostic workflow. Targeted sequencing covering all exons of TTN was performed on a cohort of 530 primary DCM patients from three cardiogenetic centres across Europe. Using stringent bioinformatic filtering, twenty-nine and two rare TTN missense and NFS-INDELs variants predicted deleterious were identified in 6.98% and 0.38% of DCM patients, respectively. However, when compared with those identified in the largest available reference population database, no significant enrichment of such variants was identified in DCM patients. Moreover, DCM patients and reference individuals had comparable frequencies of splice-region missense variants with predicted splicing alteration. DCM patients and reference populations had comparable frequencies of rare predicted deleterious TTN missense variants including splice-region missense variants suggesting that these variants are not independently causative for DCM. Hence, these variants should be classified as likely benign in the clinical diagnostic workflow, although a modifier effect cannot be excluded at this stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyediran Akinrinade
- Children's Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Tiina Heliö
- Heart and Lung Centre, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ronald H Lekanne Deprez
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan D H Jongbloed
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ludolf G Boven
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten P van den Berg
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yigal M Pinto
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tero-Pekka Alastalo
- Children's Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Blueprint Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Samuel Myllykangas
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Blueprint Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karin van Spaendonck-Zwarts
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Peter van Tintelen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Durrer Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul A van der Zwaag
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
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115
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Li Z, Chen P, Xu J, Yu B, Li X, Wang DW, Wang DW. A PLN nonsense variant causes severe dilated cardiomyopathy in a novel autosomal recessive inheritance mode. Int J Cardiol 2019; 279:122-125. [PMID: 30638982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.12.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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116
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia G Kranias
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (E.G.K.); and Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (R.J.H.).
| | - Roger J Hajjar
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (E.G.K.); and Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (R.J.H.)
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117
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Abstract
Introduction Phospholamban cardiomyopathy is an inherited cardiomyopathy, characterised by a defect in regulation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump, often presenting with malignant arrhythmias and progressive cardiac dysfunction occurring at a young age. Methods Phospholamban R14del mutation carriers and family members were identified from inherited arrhythmia clinics at 13 sites across Canada. Cardiac investigations, including electrocardiograms, Holter monitoring (premature ventricular complexes, PVCs), and imaging results were summarised. Results Fifty patients (10 families) were identified (median age 30 years, range 3–71, 46% female). Mutation carriers were more likely to be older, have low-voltage QRS, T‑wave inversion, frequent PVCs, and cardiac dysfunction, compared to unaffected relatives. Increasing age, low-voltage QRS, T‑wave inversion, late potentials, and frequent PVCs were predictors of cardiac dysfunction (p < 0.05 for all). Older carriers (age ≥45 years) were more likely to have disease manifestations than were their younger counterparts, with disease onset occurring at an older age in Canadian patients and their Dutch counterparts. Discussion Among Canadian patients with phospholamban cardiomyopathy, clinical manifestations resembled those of their Dutch counterparts, with increasing age a major predictor of disease manifestation. Older mutation carriers were more likely to have electrical and structural abnormalities, and may represent variable expressivity, age-dependent penetrance, or genetic heterogeneity among Canadian patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s12471-019-1247-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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118
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Peters S, Kumar S, Elliott P, Kalman JM, Fatkin D. Arrhythmic Genotypes in Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Implications for Genetic Testing and Clinical Management. Heart Lung Circ 2019; 28:31-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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119
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Hof IE, van der Heijden JF, Kranias EG, Sanoudou D, de Boer RA, van Tintelen JP, van der Zwaag PA, Doevendans PA. Prevalence and cardiac phenotype of patients with a phospholamban mutation. Neth Heart J 2018; 27:64-69. [PMID: 30547415 PMCID: PMC6352623 DOI: 10.1007/s12471-018-1211-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic mutations in the phospholamban (PLN) gene may give rise to inherited cardiomyopathies due to its role in calcium homeostasis. Several PLN mutations have been identified, with the R14del mutation being the most prevalent cardiomyopathy-related mutation in the Netherlands. It is present in patients diagnosed with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy as well as dilated cardiomyopathy. Awareness of the phenotype of this PLN mutation is of great importance, since many carriers remain to be identified. Patients with the R14del mutation are characterised by older age at onset, low-voltage electrocardiograms and a high frequency of ventricular arrhythmias. Additionally, these patients have a poor prognosis often with left ventricular dysfunction and early-onset heart failure. Therefore, when there is a suspicion of a PLN mutation, cardiac and genetic screening is strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- I E Hof
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - J F van der Heijden
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E G Kranias
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - D Sanoudou
- Department of Molecular Biology, Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - R A de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J P van Tintelen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P A van der Zwaag
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P A Doevendans
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, Central Military Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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120
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Hamilton S, Terentyev D. Proarrhythmic Remodeling of Calcium Homeostasis in Cardiac Disease; Implications for Diabetes and Obesity. Front Physiol 2018. [PMID: 30425651 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01517, 10.3389/fpls.2018.01517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid growth in the incidence of diabetes and obesity has transpired to a major heath issue and economic burden in the postindustrial world, with more than 29 million patients affected in the United States alone. Cardiovascular defects have been established as the leading cause of mortality and morbidity of diabetic patients. Over the last decade, significant progress has been made in delineating mechanisms responsible for the diminished cardiac contractile function and enhanced propensity for malignant cardiac arrhythmias characteristic of diabetic disease. Rhythmic cardiac contractility relies upon the precise interplay between several cellular Ca2+ transport protein complexes including plasmalemmal L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCC), Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX1), Sarco/endoplasmic Reticulum (SR) Ca2+-ATPase (SERCa2a) and ryanodine receptors (RyR2s), the SR Ca2+ release channels. Here we provide an overview of changes in Ca2+ homeostasis in diabetic ventricular myocytes and discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting Ca2+ handling proteins in the prevention of diabetes-associated cardiomyopathy and arrhythmogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Dmitry Terentyev
- Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
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121
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Hamilton S, Terentyev D. Proarrhythmic Remodeling of Calcium Homeostasis in Cardiac Disease; Implications for Diabetes and Obesity. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1517. [PMID: 30425651 PMCID: PMC6218530 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid growth in the incidence of diabetes and obesity has transpired to a major heath issue and economic burden in the postindustrial world, with more than 29 million patients affected in the United States alone. Cardiovascular defects have been established as the leading cause of mortality and morbidity of diabetic patients. Over the last decade, significant progress has been made in delineating mechanisms responsible for the diminished cardiac contractile function and enhanced propensity for malignant cardiac arrhythmias characteristic of diabetic disease. Rhythmic cardiac contractility relies upon the precise interplay between several cellular Ca2+ transport protein complexes including plasmalemmal L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCC), Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX1), Sarco/endoplasmic Reticulum (SR) Ca2+-ATPase (SERCa2a) and ryanodine receptors (RyR2s), the SR Ca2+ release channels. Here we provide an overview of changes in Ca2+ homeostasis in diabetic ventricular myocytes and discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting Ca2+ handling proteins in the prevention of diabetes-associated cardiomyopathy and arrhythmogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Dmitry Terentyev
- Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
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122
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Hamilton S, Terentyev D. Proarrhythmic Remodeling of Calcium Homeostasis in Cardiac Disease; Implications for Diabetes and Obesity. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1517. [PMID: 30425651 PMCID: PMC6218530 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01517,+10.3389/fpls.2018.01517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid growth in the incidence of diabetes and obesity has transpired to a major heath issue and economic burden in the postindustrial world, with more than 29 million patients affected in the United States alone. Cardiovascular defects have been established as the leading cause of mortality and morbidity of diabetic patients. Over the last decade, significant progress has been made in delineating mechanisms responsible for the diminished cardiac contractile function and enhanced propensity for malignant cardiac arrhythmias characteristic of diabetic disease. Rhythmic cardiac contractility relies upon the precise interplay between several cellular Ca2+ transport protein complexes including plasmalemmal L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCC), Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX1), Sarco/endoplasmic Reticulum (SR) Ca2+-ATPase (SERCa2a) and ryanodine receptors (RyR2s), the SR Ca2+ release channels. Here we provide an overview of changes in Ca2+ homeostasis in diabetic ventricular myocytes and discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting Ca2+ handling proteins in the prevention of diabetes-associated cardiomyopathy and arrhythmogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States,Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Dmitry Terentyev
- Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States,Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States,*Correspondence: Dmitry Terentyev,
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123
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Wu H, Liu Q, Shi H, Xie J, Zhang Q, Ouyang Z, Li N, Yang Y, Liu Z, Zhao Y, Lai C, Ruan D, Peng J, Ge W, Chen F, Fan N, Jin Q, Liang Y, Lan T, Yang X, Wang X, Lei Z, Doevendans PA, Sluijter JPG, Wang K, Li X, Lai L. Engineering CRISPR/Cpf1 with tRNA promotes genome editing capability in mammalian systems. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3593-3607. [PMID: 29637228 PMCID: PMC11105780 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2810-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cpf1 features a number of properties that are distinct from CRISPR/Cas9 and provides an excellent alternative to Cas9 for genome editing. To date, genome engineering by CRISPR/Cpf1 has been reported only in human cells and mouse embryos of mammalian systems and its efficiency is ultimately lower than that of Cas9 proteins from Streptococcus pyogenes. The application of CRISPR/Cpf1 for targeted mutagenesis in other animal models has not been successfully verified. In this study, we designed and optimized a guide RNA (gRNA) transcription system by inserting a transfer RNA precursor (pre-tRNA) sequence downstream of the gRNA for Cpf1, protecting gRNA from immediate digestion by 3'-to-5' exonucleases. Using this new gRNAtRNA system, genome editing, including indels, large fragment deletion and precise point mutation, was induced in mammalian systems, showing significantly higher efficiency than the original Cpf1-gRNA system. With this system, gene-modified rabbits and pigs were generated by embryo injection or somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) with an efficiency comparable to that of the Cas9 gRNA system. These results demonstrated that this refined gRNAtRNA system can boost the targeting capability of CRISPR/Cpf1 toolkits.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified
- Animals, Newborn
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Bacterial Proteins/metabolism
- CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics
- Cells, Cultured
- Cloning, Molecular/methods
- Cloning, Organism/methods
- Embryo, Mammalian
- Endonucleases/genetics
- Endonucleases/metabolism
- Female
- Fetus
- Gene Editing/methods
- Genome/genetics
- HEK293 Cells
- HeLa Cells
- Humans
- Male
- Mammals/embryology
- Mammals/genetics
- Mutagenesis
- Nuclear Transfer Techniques
- Pregnancy
- RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics
- RNA, Transfer/genetics
- Rabbits
- Swine
- Swine, Miniature
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Qishuai Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Hui Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Jingke Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Quanjun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Zhen Ouyang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Nan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Zhaoming Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Chengdan Lai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Degong Ruan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Jiangyun Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Weikai Ge
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Fangbing Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Nana Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Qin Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Yanhui Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Ting Lan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Xiaoshan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Zhiyong Lei
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter A Doevendans
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kepin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
| | - Xiaoping Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
| | - Liangxue Lai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
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124
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Chen M, Xu D, Wu AZ, Kranias E, Lin SF, Chen PS, Chen Z. Phospholamban regulates nuclear Ca 2+ stores and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate mediated nuclear Ca 2+ cycling in cardiomyocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 123:185-197. [PMID: 30261161 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Phospholamban (PLB) is the key regulator of the cardiac Ca2+ pump (SERCA2a)-mediated sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores. We recently reported that PLB is highly concentrated in the nuclear envelope (NE) from where it can modulate perinuclear Ca2+ handling of the cardiomyocytes (CMs). Since inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor (IP3R) mediates nuclear Ca2+ release, we examined whether the nuclear pool of PLB regulates IP3-induced nuclear Ca2+ handling. METHODS AND RESULTS Fluo-4 based confocal Ca2+ imaging was performed to measure Ca2+ dynamics across both nucleus and cytosol in saponin-permeabilized CMs isolated from wild-type (WT) or PLB-knockout (PLB-KO) mice. At diastolic intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i = 100 nM), the Fab fragment of the monoclonal PLB antibody (anti-PLB Fab) facilitated the formation and increased the length of spontaneous Ca2+ waves (SCWs) originating from the nuclear region in CMs from WT but not from PLB-KO mice. We next examined nuclear Ca2+ activities at basal condition and after sequential addition of IP3, anti-PLB Fab, and the IP3R inhibitor 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) at a series of [Ca2+]i. In WT mice, at 10 nM [Ca2+]i where ryanodine receptor (RyR2) based spontaneous Ca2+ sparks rarely occurred, IP3 increased fluorescence amplitude (F/F0) of overall nuclear region to 1.19 ± 0.02. Subsequent addition of anti-PLB Fab significantly decreased F/F0 to 1.09 ± 0.02. At 50 nM [Ca2+]i, anti-PLB Fab not only decreased the overall nuclear F/F0 previously elevated by IP3, but also increased the amplitude and duration of spark-like nuclear Ca2+ release events. These nuclear Ca2+ releases were blocked by 2-APB. At 100 nM [Ca2+]i, IP3 induced short SCWs originating from nucleus. Anti-PLB Fab transformed those short waves into long SCWs with propagation from the nucleus into the cytosol. In contrast, neither nuclear nor cytosolic Ca2+ dynamics was affected by anti-PLB Fab in CMs from PLB-KO mice in all these conditions. Furthermore, in WT CMs pretreated with RyR2 blocker tetracaine, IP3 and anti-PLB Fab still increased the magnitude of nuclear Ca2+ release but failed to regenerate SCWs. Finally, anti-PLB Fab increased low Ca2+ affinity mag-fluo 4 fluorescence intensity in the lumen of NE of nuclei isolated from WT but not in PLB-KO mice. CONCLUSION PLB regulates nuclear Ca2+ handling. By increasing Ca2+ uptake into lumen of the NE and perhaps other perinuclear membranes, the acute reversal of PLB inhibition decreases global Ca2+ concentration at rest in the nucleoplasm, and increases Ca2+ release into the nucleus, through mechanisms involving IP3R and RyR2 in the vicinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Chen
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongzhu Xu
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Cardiovascular Division, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Adonis Z Wu
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Evangelia Kranias
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Shien-Fong Lin
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Sheng Chen
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Zhenhui Chen
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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125
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Mollanoori H, Naderi N, Amin A, Hassani B, Shahraki H, Teimourian S. A novel human T17N-phospholamban variation in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. GENE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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126
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Translating emerging molecular genetic insights into clinical practice in inherited cardiomyopathies. J Mol Med (Berl) 2018; 96:993-1024. [PMID: 30128729 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-018-1685-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies are primarily genetic disorders of the myocardium associated with higher risk of life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death. The evolving knowledge in genomic medicine during the last decade has reshaped our understanding of cardiomyopathies as diseases of multifactorial nature and complex pathophysiology. Genetic testing in cardiomyopathies has subsequently grown from primarily a research tool into an essential clinical evaluation piece with important clinical implications for patients and their families. The purpose of this review is to provide with a contemporary insight into the implications of genetic testing in diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of patients with inherited cardiomyopathies. Here, we summarize the contemporary knowledge on genotype-phenotype correlations in inherited cardiomyopathies and highlight the recent significant achievements in the field of translational cardiovascular genetics.
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127
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Paldino A, De Angelis G, Merlo M, Gigli M, Dal Ferro M, Severini GM, Mestroni L, Sinagra G. Genetics of Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Clinical Implications. Curr Cardiol Rep 2018; 20:83. [DOI: 10.1007/s11886-018-1030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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128
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Bondue A, Arbustini E, Bianco A, Ciccarelli M, Dawson D, De Rosa M, Hamdani N, Hilfiker-Kleiner D, Meder B, Leite-Moreira AF, Thum T, Tocchetti CG, Varricchi G, Van der Velden J, Walsh R, Heymans S. Complex roads from genotype to phenotype in dilated cardiomyopathy: scientific update from the Working Group of Myocardial Function of the European Society of Cardiology. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 114:1287-1303. [PMID: 29800419 PMCID: PMC6054212 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) frequently affects relatively young, economically, and socially active adults, and is an important cause of heart failure and transplantation. DCM is a complex disease and its pathological architecture encounters many genetic determinants interacting with environmental factors. The old perspective that every pathogenic gene mutation would lead to a diseased heart, is now being replaced by the novel observation that the phenotype depends not only on the penetrance-malignancy of the mutated gene-but also on epigenetics, age, toxic factors, pregnancy, and a diversity of acquired diseases. This review discusses how gene mutations will result in mutation-specific molecular alterations in the heart including increased mitochondrial oxidation (sarcomeric gene e.g. TTN), decreased calcium sensitivity (sarcomeric genes), fibrosis (e.g. LMNA and TTN), or inflammation. Therefore, getting a complete picture of the DCM patient will include genomic data, molecular assessment by preference from cardiac samples, stratification according to co-morbidities, and phenotypic description. Those data will help to better guide the heart failure and anti-arrhythmic treatment, predict response to therapy, develop novel siRNA-based gene silencing for malignant gene mutations, or intervene with mutation-specific altered gene pathways in the heart.This article is part of the Mini Review Series from the Varenna 2017 meeting of the Working Group of Myocardial Function of the European Society of Cardiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Bondue
- Department of Cardiology, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eloisa Arbustini
- Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, IRCCS Foundation, University Hospital Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Bianco
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center & CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Michele Ciccarelli
- School of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Dana Dawson
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Matteo De Rosa
- School of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Nazha Hamdani
- Department of Systems Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Denise Hilfiker-Kleiner
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Benjamin Meder
- Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Genome Technology Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Adelino F Leite-Moreira
- Cardiovascular R&D Unit, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hospital of S. João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Carlo G Tocchetti
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Jolanda Van der Velden
- Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roddy Walsh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stephane Heymans
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center & CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
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129
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Vinogradova TM, Tagirova Sirenko S, Lakatta EG. Unique Ca 2+-Cycling Protein Abundance and Regulation Sustains Local Ca 2+ Releases and Spontaneous Firing of Rabbit Sinoatrial Node Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082173. [PMID: 30044420 PMCID: PMC6121616 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous beating of the heart pacemaker, the sinoatrial node, is generated by sinoatrial node cells (SANC) and caused by gradual change of the membrane potential called diastolic depolarization (DD). Submembrane local Ca2+ releases (LCR) from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) occur during late DD and activate an inward Na+/Ca2+ exchange current, which accelerates the DD rate leading to earlier occurrence of an action potential. A comparison of intrinsic SR Ca2+ cycling revealed that, at similar physiological Ca2+ concentrations, LCRs are large and rhythmic in permeabilized SANC, but small and random in permeabilized ventricular myocytes (VM). Permeabilized SANC spontaneously released more Ca2+ from SR than VM, despite comparable SR Ca2+ content in both cell types. In this review we discuss specific patterns of expression and distribution of SR Ca2+ cycling proteins (SR Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA2), phospholamban (PLB) and ryanodine receptors (RyR)) in SANC and ventricular myocytes. We link ability of SANC to generate larger and rhythmic LCRs with increased abundance of SERCA2, reduced abundance of the SERCA inhibitor PLB. In addition, an increase in intracellular [Ca2+] increases phosphorylation of both PLB and RyR exclusively in SANC. The differences in SR Ca2+ cycling protein expression between SANC and VM provide insights into diverse regulation of intrinsic SR Ca2+ cycling that drives automaticity of SANC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana M Vinogradova
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd, Room 8B-123, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Syevda Tagirova Sirenko
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd, Room 8B-123, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Edward G Lakatta
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd, Room 8B-123, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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130
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Bakalakos A, Ritsatos K, Anastasakis A. Current perspectives on the diagnosis and management of dilated cardiomyopathy Beyond heart failure: a Cardiomyopathy Clinic Doctor's point of view. Hellenic J Cardiol 2018; 59:254-261. [PMID: 29807197 DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Left ventricular enlargement and dysfunction are fundamental components of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). DCM is a major cause of heart failure and cardiac transplantation. A wide variety of etiologies underlie acquired and familial DCM. Familial disease is reported in 20% to 35% of cases. A genetic substrate is recognized in at least 30% of familial cases. A recently proposed scheme defines DCM as a continuum of subclinical and clinical phenotypes. The evolution of classification systems permitted use of effective treatment strategies in disorders sharing the same structural and functional characteristics and common clinical expression. The major causes of death are progressive heart failure and sudden cardiac death secondary to ventricular arrhythmias or less commonly bradyarrhythmias. Remarkable progress has been made in survival owing to well-defined evidence-based therapies and appropriate guidelines for risk stratification and sudden cardiac death prevention measures. Neurohormonal antagonists and device therapy decreased all-cause mortality in adult patients with DCM. However, additional red flags in diagnosis have to be addressed in everyday practice, and cardiologists have to be aware of the subsequent effect on risk stratification and treatment plan. Genetic substrate cannot be modified, but the presence of a peculiar type of gene mutation modifies thresholds for implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation. DCM is part of the spectrum of heart failure which is a syndrome with certain morphological and functional characteristics. Although significant progress has been achieved in the management of patients with DCM, it seems that the future treatments of this entity will be related to the specific pathological substrate.
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MESH Headings
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/epidemiology
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/etiology
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/prevention & control
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/diagnosis
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/drug therapy
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/epidemiology
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/genetics
- Connectin/metabolism
- Cytoskeleton/metabolism
- Death, Sudden, Cardiac/epidemiology
- Death, Sudden, Cardiac/prevention & control
- Defibrillators, Implantable/standards
- Female
- Genetic Testing/methods
- Heart Failure/complications
- Humans
- Male
- Mutation/genetics
- Prevalence
- Risk Assessment
- Sarcomeres/metabolism
- Troponin T/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Bakalakos
- Unit of Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Diseases, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Centre, 356 Sygrou Avenue 17674, Kallithea Athens, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos Ritsatos
- Unit of Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Diseases, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Centre, 356 Sygrou Avenue 17674, Kallithea Athens, Greece
| | - Aris Anastasakis
- Unit of Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Diseases, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Centre, 356 Sygrou Avenue 17674, Kallithea Athens, Greece
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131
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Ceholski DK, Turnbull IC, Kong CW, Koplev S, Mayourian J, Gorski PA, Stillitano F, Skodras AA, Nonnenmacher M, Cohen N, Björkegren JLM, Stroik DR, Cornea RL, Thomas DD, Li RA, Costa KD, Hajjar RJ. Functional and transcriptomic insights into pathogenesis of R9C phospholamban mutation using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 119:147-154. [PMID: 29752948 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) can be caused by mutations in the cardiac protein phospholamban (PLN). We used CRISPR/Cas9 to insert the R9C PLN mutation at its endogenous locus into a human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) line from an individual with no cardiovascular disease. R9C PLN hiPSC-CMs display a blunted β-agonist response and defective calcium handling. In 3D human engineered cardiac tissues (hECTs), a blunted lusitropic response to β-adrenergic stimulation was observed with R9C PLN. hiPSC-CMs harboring the R9C PLN mutation showed activation of a hypertrophic phenotype, as evidenced by expression of hypertrophic markers and increased cell size and capacitance of cardiomyocytes. RNA-seq suggests that R9C PLN results in an altered metabolic state and profibrotic signaling, which was confirmed by gene expression analysis and picrosirius staining of R9C PLN hECTs. The expression of several miRNAs involved in fibrosis, hypertrophy, and cardiac metabolism were also perturbed in R9C PLN hiPSC-CMs. This study contributes to better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of the hereditary R9C PLN mutation in the context of human cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delaine K Ceholski
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Irene C Turnbull
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Chi-Wing Kong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong University, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Simon Koplev
- Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Joshua Mayourian
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Przemek A Gorski
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Francesca Stillitano
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Angelos A Skodras
- Microscopy Core, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Mathieu Nonnenmacher
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Ninette Cohen
- Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Johan L M Björkegren
- Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Daniel R Stroik
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Razvan L Cornea
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - David D Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Ronald A Li
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong University, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna SE-171, Sweden
| | - Kevin D Costa
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Roger J Hajjar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States.
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te Rijdt WP, ten Sande JN, Gorter TM, van der Zwaag PA, van Rijsingen IA, Boekholdt SM, van Tintelen JP, van Haelst PL, Planken RN, de Boer RA, Suurmeijer AJH, van Veldhuisen DJ, Wilde AAM, Willems TP, van Dessel PFHM, van den Berg MP. Myocardial fibrosis as an early feature in phospholamban p.Arg14del mutation carriers: phenotypic insights from cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2018; 20:92-100. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jey047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wouter P te Rijdt
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute (Nl-HI), Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Judith N ten Sande
- Netherlands Heart Institute (Nl-HI), Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas M Gorter
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Paul A van der Zwaag
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ingrid A van Rijsingen
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S Matthijs Boekholdt
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J Peter van Tintelen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul L van Haelst
- Department of Cardiology, Antonius Hospital, Sneek, the Netherlands
- Roche Diagnostics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - R Nils Planken
- Department of Radiology, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Albert J H Suurmeijer
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk J van Veldhuisen
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Arthur A M Wilde
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tineke P Willems
- Department of Radiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Pascal F H M van Dessel
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten P van den Berg
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Kraev A. Insertional Mutagenesis Confounds the Mechanism of the Morbid Phenotype of a PLN R9C Transgenic Mouse Line. J Card Fail 2018; 24:115-125. [PMID: 29325795 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A mouse line with heterozygous transgenic expression of phospholamban carrying a substitution of cysteine for arginine 9 (TgPLNR9C) under the control of α-myosin heavy chain (αMHC) promoter features dilated cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and premature death. METHODS AND RESULTS Determination of transgene chromosomal localization by conventional methods shows that in this line the transgenic array of 13 PLNR9C expression cassettes, arranged in a head-to-tail tandem orientation, have integrated into the bidirectional promoter of the αMHC (Myh6) gene and the gene for the regulatory noncoding RNA Myheart (Mhrt), both of which are known to be involved in cardiac development and pathology. Expression of the noncoding RNA Mhrt in TgPLNR9C mice exhibits profound deregulation, despite the presence of the second, intact allele. CONCLUSIONS The TgPLNR9C mouse strain is, in the best case, a functionally ambiguous phenocopy of the human PLNR9C heterozygote, because a similar constellation of genetically programmed events can not occur in a patient. Publications featuring "cardiac-specific overexpression" are focused on the phenotype and typically forgo the definition of the transgene integration site or transgene temporal expression profile, so caution should be exercised in attributing clinical relevance to pathologic phenomena observed in αMHC-driven transgenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kraev
- University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada.
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Abstract
The calcium pump (a.k.a. Ca2+-ATPase or SERCA) is a membrane transport protein ubiquitously found in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of all eukaryotic cells. As a calcium transporter, SERCA maintains the low cytosolic calcium level that enables a vast array of signaling pathways and physiological processes (e.g. synaptic transmission, muscle contraction, fertilization). In muscle cells, SERCA promotes relaxation by pumping calcium ions from the cytosol into the lumen of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), the main storage compartment for intracellular calcium. X-ray crystallographic studies have provided an extensive understanding of the intermediate states that SERCA populates as it progresses through the calcium transport cycle. Historically, SERCA is also known to be regulated by small transmembrane peptides, phospholamban (PLN) and sarcolipin (SLN). PLN is expressed in cardiac muscle, whereas SLN predominates in skeletal and atrial muscle. These two regulatory subunits play critical roles in cardiac contractility. While our understanding of these regulatory mechanisms are still developing, SERCA and PLN are one of the best understood examples of peptide-transporter regulatory interactions. Nonetheless, SERCA appeared to have only two regulatory subunits, while the related sodium pump (a.k.a. Na+, K+-ATPase) has at least nine small transmembrane peptides that provide tissue specific regulation. The last few years have seen a renaissance in our understanding of SERCA regulatory subunits. First, structures of the SERCA-SLN and SERCA-PLN complexes revealed molecular details of their interactions. Second, an array of micropeptides concealed within long non-coding RNAs have been identified as new SERCA regulators. This chapter will describe our current understanding of SERCA structure, function, and regulation.
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135
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Ehsan M, Jiang H, L Thomson K, Gehmlich K. When signalling goes wrong: pathogenic variants in structural and signalling proteins causing cardiomyopathies. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2017; 38:303-316. [PMID: 29119312 PMCID: PMC5742121 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-017-9487-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies are a diverse group of cardiac disorders with distinct phenotypes, depending on the proteins and pathways affected. A substantial proportion of cardiomyopathies are inherited and those will be the focus of this review article. With the wide application of high-throughput sequencing in the practice of clinical genetics, the roles of novel genes in cardiomyopathies are recognised. Here, we focus on a subgroup of cardiomyopathy genes [TTN, FHL1, CSRP3, FLNC and PLN, coding for Titin, Four and a Half LIM domain 1, Muscle LIM Protein, Filamin C and Phospholamban, respectively], which, despite their diverse biological functions, all have important signalling functions in the heart, suggesting that disturbances in signalling networks can contribute to cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehroz Ehsan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - He Jiang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kate L Thomson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Katja Gehmlich
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Abstract
Nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) often has a genetic pathogenesis. Because of the large number of genes and alleles attributed to DCM, comprehensive genetic testing encompasses ever-increasing gene panels. Genetic diagnosis can help predict prognosis, especially with regard to arrhythmia risk for certain subtypes. Moreover, cascade genetic testing in family members can identify those who are at risk or with early stage disease, offering the opportunity for early intervention. This review will address diagnosis and management of DCM, including the role of genetic evaluation. We will also overview distinct genetic pathways linked to DCM and their pathogenetic mechanisms. Historically, cardiac morphology has been used to classify cardiomyopathy subtypes. Determining genetic variants is emerging as an additional adjunct to help further refine subtypes of DCM, especially where arrhythmia risk is increased, and ultimately contribute to clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M McNally
- From the Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL (E.M.M.); and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (L.M.).
| | - Luisa Mestroni
- From the Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL (E.M.M.); and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (L.M.).
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137
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Ince S. Evangelia Kranias: The Mother of Phospholamban. Circ Res 2017; 121:910-912. [PMID: 28963187 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.311929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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138
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Liu R, Lee J, Kim BS, Wang Q, Buxton SK, Balasubramanyam N, Kim JJ, Dong J, Zhang A, Li S, Gupte AA, Hamilton DJ, Martin JF, Rodney GG, Coarfa C, Wehrens XH, Yechoor VK, Moulik M. Tead1 is required for maintaining adult cardiomyocyte function, and its loss results in lethal dilated cardiomyopathy. JCI Insight 2017; 2:93343. [PMID: 28878117 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.93343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide, highlighting a pressing need to identify novel regulators of cardiomyocyte (CM) function that could be therapeutically targeted. The mammalian Hippo/Tead pathway is critical in embryonic cardiac development and perinatal CM proliferation. However, the requirement of Tead1, the transcriptional effector of this pathway, in the adult heart is unknown. Here, we show that tamoxifen-inducible adult CM-specific Tead1 ablation led to lethal acute-onset dilated cardiomyopathy, associated with impairment in excitation-contraction coupling. Mechanistically, we demonstrate Tead1 is a cell-autonomous, direct transcriptional activator of SERCA2a and SR-associated protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit, Inhibitor-1 (I-1). Thus, Tead1 deletion led to a decrease in SERCA2a and I-1 transcripts and protein, with a consequent increase in PP1-activity, resulting in accumulation of dephosphorylated phospholamban (Pln) and decreased SERCA2a activity. Global transcriptomal analysis in Tead1-deleted hearts revealed significant changes in mitochondrial and sarcomere-related pathways. Additional studies demonstrated there was a trend for correlation between protein levels of TEAD1 and I-1, and phosphorylation of PLN, in human nonfailing and failing hearts. Furthermore, TEAD1 activity was required to maintain PLN phosphorylation and expression of SERCA2a and I-1 in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived (iPS-derived) CMs. To our knowledge, taken together, this demonstrates a nonredundant, novel role of Tead1 in maintaining normal adult heart function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruya Liu
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine
| | - Jeongkyung Lee
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine
| | - Byung S Kim
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine
| | - Qiongling Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics
| | - Samuel K Buxton
- Cardiovascular Research Institute.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics
| | | | - Jean J Kim
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, and.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jianrong Dong
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Aijun Zhang
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shumin Li
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anisha A Gupte
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dale J Hamilton
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - James F Martin
- Cardiovascular Research Institute.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics.,Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xander Ht Wehrens
- Cardiovascular Research Institute.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics
| | - Vijay K Yechoor
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine.,Cardiovascular Research Institute
| | - Mousumi Moulik
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas (UT) Health McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
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139
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te Rijdt WP, van der Klooster ZJ, Hoorntje ET, Jongbloed JD, van der Zwaag PA, Asselbergs FW, Dooijes D, de Boer RA, van Tintelen JP, van den Berg MP, Vink A, Suurmeijer AJ. Phospholamban immunostaining is a highly sensitive and specific method for diagnosing phospholamban p.Arg14del cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Pathol 2017; 30:23-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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140
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Mademont-Soler I, Mates J, Yotti R, Espinosa MA, Pérez-Serra A, Fernandez-Avila AI, Coll M, Méndez I, Iglesias A, del Olmo B, Riuró H, Cuenca S, Allegue C, Campuzano O, Picó F, Ferrer-Costa C, Álvarez P, Castillo S, Garcia-Pavia P, Gonzalez-Lopez E, Padron-Barthe L, Díaz de Bustamante A, Darnaude MT, González-Hevia JI, Brugada J, Fernandez-Aviles F, Brugada R. Additional value of screening for minor genes and copy number variants in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181465. [PMID: 28771489 PMCID: PMC5542623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most prevalent inherited heart disease. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is the preferred genetic test, but the diagnostic value of screening for minor and candidate genes, and the role of copy number variants (CNVs) deserves further evaluation. METHODS Three hundred and eighty-seven consecutive unrelated patients with HCM were screened for genetic variants in the 5 most frequent genes (MYBPC3, MYH7, TNNT2, TNNI3 and TPM1) using Sanger sequencing (N = 84) or NGS (N = 303). In the NGS cohort we analyzed 20 additional minor or candidate genes, and applied a proprietary bioinformatics algorithm for detecting CNVs. Additionally, the rate and classification of TTN variants in HCM were compared with 427 patients without structural heart disease. RESULTS The percentage of patients with pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants in the main genes was 33.3%, without significant differences between the Sanger sequencing and NGS cohorts. The screening for 20 additional genes revealed LP variants in ACTC1, MYL2, MYL3, TNNC1, GLA and PRKAG2 in 12 patients. This approach resulted in more inconclusive tests (36.0% vs. 9.6%, p<0.001), mostly due to variants of unknown significance (VUS) in TTN. The detection rate of rare variants in TTN was not significantly different to that found in the group of patients without structural heart disease. In the NGS cohort, 4 patients (1.3%) had pathogenic CNVs: 2 deletions in MYBPC3 and 2 deletions involving the complete coding region of PLN. CONCLUSIONS A small percentage of HCM cases without point mutations in the 5 main genes are explained by P/LP variants in minor or candidate genes and CNVs. Screening for variants in TTN in HCM patients drastically increases the number of inconclusive tests, and shows a rate of VUS that is similar to patients without structural heart disease, suggesting that this gene should not be analyzed for clinical purposes in HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Mademont-Soler
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, University of Girona-IDIBGI, Girona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Mates
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, University of Girona-IDIBGI, Girona, Spain
| | - Raquel Yotti
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Angeles Espinosa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandra Pérez-Serra
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, University of Girona-IDIBGI, Girona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Fernandez-Avila
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Monica Coll
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, University of Girona-IDIBGI, Girona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Méndez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Iglesias
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, University of Girona-IDIBGI, Girona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernat del Olmo
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, University of Girona-IDIBGI, Girona, Spain
| | - Helena Riuró
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, University of Girona-IDIBGI, Girona, Spain
| | - Sofía Cuenca
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Catarina Allegue
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, University of Girona-IDIBGI, Girona, Spain
| | - Oscar Campuzano
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, University of Girona-IDIBGI, Girona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Ferran Picó
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, University of Girona-IDIBGI, Girona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Pablo Garcia-Pavia
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Inherited Cardiac Diseases Unit. Department of Cardiology. Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Francisco de Vitoria University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Gonzalez-Lopez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Inherited Cardiac Diseases Unit. Department of Cardiology. Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Francisco de Vitoria University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Padron-Barthe
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Inherited Cardiac Diseases Unit. Department of Cardiology. Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Francisco de Vitoria University, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Josep Brugada
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Arrhythmia Unit, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Fernandez-Aviles
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramon Brugada
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, University of Girona-IDIBGI, Girona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Cardiovascular Genetics Unit, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
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Burke MA, Cook SA, Seidman JG, Seidman CE. Clinical and Mechanistic Insights Into the Genetics of Cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 68:2871-2886. [PMID: 28007147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.08.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Over the last quarter-century, there has been tremendous progress in genetics research that has defined molecular causes for cardiomyopathies. More than a thousand mutations have been identified in many genes with varying ontologies, therein indicating the diverse molecules and pathways that cause hypertrophic, dilated, restrictive, and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathies. Translation of this research to the clinic via genetic testing can precisely group affected patients according to molecular etiology, and identify individuals without evidence of disease who are at high risk for developing cardiomyopathy. These advances provide insights into the earliest manifestations of cardiomyopathy and help to define the molecular pathophysiological basis for cardiac remodeling. Although these efforts remain incomplete, new genomic technologies and analytic strategies provide unparalleled opportunities to fully explore the genetic architecture of cardiomyopathies. Such data hold the promise that mutation-specific pathophysiology will uncover novel therapeutic targets, and herald the beginning of precision therapy for cardiomyopathy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Burke
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stuart A Cook
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore; Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Christine E Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland.
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142
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Abstract
Cardiomyopathies represent a heterogeneous group of diseases that negatively affect heart function. Primary cardiomyopathies specifically target the myocardium, and may arise from genetic [hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia (ARVC/D), mitochondrial cardiomyopathy] or genetic and acquired [dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM)] etiology. Modern genomics has identified mutations that are common in these populations, while in vitro and in vivo experimentation with these mutations have provided invaluable insight into the molecular mechanisms native to these diseases. For example, increased myosin heavy chain (MHC) binding and ATP utilization lead to the hypercontractile sarcomere in HCM, while abnormal protein–protein interaction and impaired Ca2+ flux underlie the relaxed sarcomere of DCM. Furthermore, expanded access to genetic testing has facilitated identification of potential risk factors that appear through inheritance and manifest sometimes only in the advanced stages of the disease. In this review, we discuss the genetic and molecular abnormalities unique to and shared between these primary cardiomyopathies and discuss some of the important advances made using more traditional basic science experimentation.
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Abstract
There has been a significant progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which calcium (Ca2+) ions mediate various types of cardiac arrhythmias. A growing list of inherited gene defects can cause potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia syndromes, including catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, congenital long QT syndrome, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. In addition, acquired deficits of multiple Ca2+-handling proteins can contribute to the pathogenesis of arrhythmias in patients with various types of heart disease. In this review article, we will first review the key role of Ca2+ in normal cardiac function-in particular, excitation-contraction coupling and normal electric rhythms. The functional involvement of Ca2+ in distinct arrhythmia mechanisms will be discussed, followed by various inherited arrhythmia syndromes caused by mutations in Ca2+-handling proteins. Finally, we will discuss how changes in the expression of regulation of Ca2+ channels and transporters can cause acquired arrhythmias, and how these mechanisms might be targeted for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Landstrom
- From the Section of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (A.P.L.), Cardiovascular Research Institute (A.P.L., X.H.T.W.), and Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Medicine (Cardiology), Center for Space Medicine (X.H.T.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (D.D.)
| | - Dobromir Dobrev
- From the Section of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (A.P.L.), Cardiovascular Research Institute (A.P.L., X.H.T.W.), and Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Medicine (Cardiology), Center for Space Medicine (X.H.T.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (D.D.)
| | - Xander H T Wehrens
- From the Section of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (A.P.L.), Cardiovascular Research Institute (A.P.L., X.H.T.W.), and Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Medicine (Cardiology), Center for Space Medicine (X.H.T.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (D.D.).
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144
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Abstract
The nuclear lamina is a critical structural domain for the maintenance of genomic stability and whole-cell mechanics. Mutations in the LMNA gene, which encodes nuclear A-type lamins lead to the disruption of these key cellular functions, resulting in a number of devastating diseases known as laminopathies. Cardiomyopathy is a common laminopathy and is highly penetrant with poor prognosis. To date, cell mechanical instability and dysregulation of gene expression have been proposed as the main mechanisms driving cardiac dysfunction, and indeed discoveries in these areas have provided some promising leads in terms of therapeutics. However, important questions remain unanswered regarding the role of lamin A dysfunction in the heart, including a potential role for the toxicity of lamin A precursors in LMNA cardiomyopathy, which has yet to be rigorously investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Brayson
- a King's College London, The James Black Centre , London , United Kingdom
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145
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Akaike T, Du N, Lu G, Minamisawa S, Wang Y, Ruan H. A Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Localized Protein Phosphatase Regulates Phospholamban Phosphorylation and Promotes Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in the Heart. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 2:160-180. [PMID: 29057374 PMCID: PMC5648354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
PP2Ce is Ser-Thr phosphatase specifically localized on SR and expressed in cardiomyocytes. PP2Ce has specific phosphatase activity to dephosphorylate Thr-17 site of phospholamban. PP2Ce expression is induced upon pathological stress, including beta-AR stimulation and ROS. PP2Ce induction suppresses cardiomyocyte calcium cycling, reduces beta-AR-induced contractility, and promotes oxidative ischemia/reperfusion injury. PP2Ce is a new molecular component of stress-mediated cardiomyocyte calcium regulation.
Phospholamban (PLN) is a key regulator of sarcolemma calcium uptake in cardiomyocyte; its inhibitory activity to sarcolemma-endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase is regulated by phosphorylation. PLN hypophosphorylation is a common molecular feature in the failing heart. The current study provided evidence at the molecular, cellular, and whole-heart levels to implicate a sarcolemma membrane-targeted protein phosphatase, PP2Ce, as a specific and potent PLN phosphatase. PP2Ce expression was elevated in failing human heart and induced acutely at protein level by β-adrenergic stimulation or oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes. PP2Ce expression in mouse heart blunted β-adrenergic response and exacerbated ischemia/reperfusion injury. Therefore, PP2Ce is a new regulator for cardiac function and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Akaike
- Department of Anesthesiology and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1735.,Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine
| | - Na Du
- Department of Anesthesiology and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1735
| | - Gang Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1735
| | - Susumu Minamisawa
- Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine
| | - Yibin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1735
| | - Hongmei Ruan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1735
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146
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van Opbergen CJM, Delmar M, van Veen TAB. Potential new mechanisms of pro-arrhythmia in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy: focus on calcium sensitive pathways. Neth Heart J 2017; 25:157-169. [PMID: 28102477 PMCID: PMC5313453 DOI: 10.1007/s12471-017-0946-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, or its most well-known subform arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), is a cardiac disease mainly characterised by a gradual replacement of the myocardial mass by fibrous and fatty tissue, leading to dilatation of the ventricular wall, arrhythmias and progression towards heart failure. ARVC is commonly regarded as a disease of the intercalated disk in which mutations in desmosomal proteins are an important causative factor. Interestingly, the Dutch founder mutation PLN R14Del has been identified to play an additional, and major, role in ARVC patients within the Netherlands. This is remarkable since the phospholamban (PLN) protein plays a leading role in regulation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium load rather than in the establishment of intercellular integrity. In this review we outline the intracellular cardiac calcium dynamics and relate pathophysiological signalling, induced by disturbed calcium handling, with activation of calmodulin dependent kinase II (CaMKII) and calcineurin A (CnA). We postulate a thus far unrecognised role for Ca2+ sensitive signalling proteins in maladaptive remodelling of the macromolecular protein complex that forms the intercalated disk, during pro-arrhythmic remodelling of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J M van Opbergen
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Delmar
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - T A B van Veen
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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147
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Structure-Function Relationship of the SERCA Pump and Its Regulation by Phospholamban and Sarcolipin. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 981:77-119. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55858-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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148
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Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias can follow disruption of the normal cellular electrophysiological processes underlying excitable activity and their tissue propagation as coherent wavefronts from the primary sinoatrial node pacemaker, through the atria, conducting structures and ventricular myocardium. These physiological events are driven by interacting, voltage-dependent, processes of activation, inactivation, and recovery in the ion channels present in cardiomyocyte membranes. Generation and conduction of these events are further modulated by intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, and metabolic and structural change. This review describes experimental studies on murine models for known clinical arrhythmic conditions in which these mechanisms were modified by genetic, physiological, or pharmacological manipulation. These exemplars yielded molecular, physiological, and structural phenotypes often directly translatable to their corresponding clinical conditions, which could be investigated at the molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, and whole animal levels. Arrhythmogenesis could be explored during normal pacing activity, regular stimulation, following imposed extra-stimuli, or during progressively incremented steady pacing frequencies. Arrhythmic substrate was identified with temporal and spatial functional heterogeneities predisposing to reentrant excitation phenomena. These could arise from abnormalities in cardiac pacing function, tissue electrical connectivity, and cellular excitation and recovery. Triggering events during or following recovery from action potential excitation could thereby lead to sustained arrhythmia. These surface membrane processes were modified by alterations in cellular Ca2+ homeostasis and energetics, as well as cellular and tissue structural change. Study of murine systems thus offers major insights into both our understanding of normal cardiac activity and its propagation, and their relationship to mechanisms generating clinical arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L-H Huang
- Physiological Laboratory and the Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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149
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Phospholamban is concentrated in the nuclear envelope of cardiomyocytes and involved in perinuclear/nuclear calcium handling. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 100:1-8. [PMID: 27642167 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Phospholamban (PLB) regulates the cardiac Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2a) in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). However, the localization of PLB at subcellular sites outside the SR and possible contributions to Ca2+ cycling remain unknown. We examined the intracellular distribution of PLB and tested whether a pool of PLB exists in the nuclear envelope (NE) that might regulate perinuclear/nuclear Ca2+ (nCa2+) handling in cardiomyocytes (CMs). METHODS AND RESULTS Using confocal immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoblot analyses of CMs and CM nuclei, we discovered that PLB was highly concentrated in NE. Moreover, the ratio of PLB levels to SERCA levels was greater in NE than in SR. The increased levels of PLB in NE were a consistent finding using a range of antibodies, tissue samples, and species. To address a possible role in affecting Ca2+ handling, we used Fluo-4 based confocal Ca2+ imaging, with scan-lines across cytosol and nuclei, and evaluated the effects of PLB on cytosolic and nCa2+ uptake and release in mouse CMs. In intact CMs, isoproterenol increased amplitude and decreased the decay time of Ca2+ transients not only in cytosol but also in nuclear regions. In saponin-permeabilized mouse CMs ([Ca2+]i=400nM), we measured spontaneous Ca2+ waves after specific reversal of PLB activity by addition of the Fab fragment of an anti-PLB monoclonal antibody (100μg/ml). This highly selective immunological reagent enhanced Ca2+ uptake (faster decay times) and Ca2+ release (greater intensity) in both cytosol and across the nuclear regions. CONCLUSIONS Besides SR, PLB is concentrated in NE of CMs, and may be involved in modulation of nCa2+ dynamics.
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150
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Kayvanpour E, Sedaghat-Hamedani F, Amr A, Lai A, Haas J, Holzer DB, Frese KS, Keller A, Jensen K, Katus HA, Meder B. Genotype-phenotype associations in dilated cardiomyopathy: meta-analysis on more than 8000 individuals. Clin Res Cardiol 2016; 106:127-139. [DOI: 10.1007/s00392-016-1033-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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