101
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Chua KC, Kroetz DL. Genetic advances uncover mechanisms of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2017; 101:450-452. [PMID: 27981569 PMCID: PMC5359049 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common dose-limiting toxicity experienced in 30-40% of patients undergoing treatment with various chemotherapeutics, including taxanes, vinca alkaloids, epothilones, proteasome inhibitors, and thalidomide. Importantly, CIPN significantly affects a patient's quality of life. Recent genetic association studies are enhancing our understanding of CIPN pathophysiology and serve as a foundation for identification of genetic biomarkers to predict toxicity risk and for the development of novel strategies for prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Chua
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - D L Kroetz
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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102
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Otter M, Oswald S, Siegmund W, Keiser M. Effects of frequently used pharmaceutical excipients on the organic cation transporters 1–3 and peptide transporters 1/2 stably expressed in MDCKII cells. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 112:187-195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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103
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Gao X, Liu S, Shi Y, Huang Z, Mi Y, Mi Q, Yang J, Gao Q. Mechanistic and biological characteristics of different sugar conjugated 2-methyl malonatoplatinum(II) complexes as new tumor targeting agents. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 125:372-384. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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104
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Kotelevets L, Chastre E, Desmaële D, Couvreur P. Nanotechnologies for the treatment of colon cancer: From old drugs to new hope. Int J Pharm 2016; 514:24-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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105
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Taleb O, Bouzobra F, Tekin-Pala H, Meyer L, Mensah-Nyagan AG, Patte-Mensah C. Behavioral and electromyographic assessment of oxaliplatin-induced motor dysfunctions: Evidence for a therapeutic effect of allopregnanolone. Behav Brain Res 2016; 320:440-449. [PMID: 27789344 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The antineoplastic oxaliplatin (OXAL) is pivotal for metastatic cancer treatments. However, OXAL evokes sensory and motor side-effects including pain, muscle weakness, motor nerve fiber dysfunctions/neuropathies that significantly impact patients' lives. Therefore, preclinical investigations are struggling to characterize effective analgesics against OXAL-induced painful/sensory symptoms but surprisingly, OXAL-evoked motor dysfunctions received little attention although these neurological symptoms are also disabling for patients. Here, we validated a rat model of OXAL-induced motor neuropathy by using (i) behavioral methods as the wire suspension and balance beam tests to assess muscle weakness and (ii) electrophysiological techniques to record the gastrocnemius electromyography (EMG). The conductance velocity of motor fibers was reduced and compound muscle action potential (CMAP) duration increased in OXAL-treated rats, leading to CMAP dispersion with no modification of the area under the curve, reflecting a heterogeneous demyelination of motor fibers. Functional motor unit analysis revealed a 50 % decrease of their estimated number which was compensated by a motor unit size increase. OXAL-induced motor weakness appeared as a combined consequence of motor fiber demyelination and motor axonopathy. Because we previously observed that allopregnanolone (AP) counteracted OXAL-evoked painful/sensory symptoms, we evaluated its action against OXAL-induced motor neurological dysfunctions. AP treatment successfully corrected motor behaviors, conductance velocity, CMAP duration, motor unit number (MUN) and motor unit size altered by OXAL-chemotherapy. These results, which are the first to show that AP efficiently rescues OXAL-induced motor neuropathy, consolidate the idea that AP-based therapy may be relevant for the treatment of both sensory and motor peripheral neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Taleb
- Biopathologie de la Myéline, Neuroprotection et Stratégies Thérapeutiques, INSERM U1119, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Bâtiment 3 de la Faculté de Médecine, 11 rue Humann, 67 000 Strasbourg, France
| | - F Bouzobra
- Biopathologie de la Myéline, Neuroprotection et Stratégies Thérapeutiques, INSERM U1119, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Bâtiment 3 de la Faculté de Médecine, 11 rue Humann, 67 000 Strasbourg, France
| | - H Tekin-Pala
- Biopathologie de la Myéline, Neuroprotection et Stratégies Thérapeutiques, INSERM U1119, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Bâtiment 3 de la Faculté de Médecine, 11 rue Humann, 67 000 Strasbourg, France
| | - L Meyer
- Biopathologie de la Myéline, Neuroprotection et Stratégies Thérapeutiques, INSERM U1119, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Bâtiment 3 de la Faculté de Médecine, 11 rue Humann, 67 000 Strasbourg, France
| | - A G Mensah-Nyagan
- Biopathologie de la Myéline, Neuroprotection et Stratégies Thérapeutiques, INSERM U1119, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Bâtiment 3 de la Faculté de Médecine, 11 rue Humann, 67 000 Strasbourg, France
| | - C Patte-Mensah
- Biopathologie de la Myéline, Neuroprotection et Stratégies Thérapeutiques, INSERM U1119, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Bâtiment 3 de la Faculté de Médecine, 11 rue Humann, 67 000 Strasbourg, France.
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106
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Li T, Gao X, Yang L, Shi Y, Gao Q. Methyl 6-Amino-6-deoxy-d-pyranoside-Conjugated Platinum(II) Complexes for Glucose Transporter (GLUT)-Mediated Tumor Targeting: Synthesis, Cytotoxicity, and Cellular Uptake Mechanism. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:1069-77. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Taoli Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High Efficiency; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology; Tianjin University; 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin 300072 P.R. China
| | - Xiangqian Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High Efficiency; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology; Tianjin University; 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin 300072 P.R. China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Biochemistry; Gudui BioPharma Technology Inc.; 5 Lanyuan Road, Huayuan Industrial Park Tianjin 300384 P.R. China
| | - Yunli Shi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High Efficiency; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology; Tianjin University; 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin 300072 P.R. China
| | - Qingzhi Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High Efficiency; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology; Tianjin University; 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin 300072 P.R. China
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107
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The α9α10 nicotinic receptor antagonist α-conotoxin RgIA prevents neuropathic pain induced by oxaliplatin treatment. Exp Neurol 2016; 282:37-48. [PMID: 27132993 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin, a third-generation diaminocyclohexane platinum drug, is widely used alone or in combination with 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin to treat metastatic colorectal, ovarian, and pancreatic cancers. Oxaliplatin long-term treatment is associated with the development of a dose-limiting painful neuropathy that dramatically impairs the patient's quality of life and therapy possibility. To study novel strategies to treat oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy, we evaluated α-conotoxin RgIA, a peptide that potently blocks the α9α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtype in a rat model of oxaliplatin-dependent neurotoxicity (2.4mgkg(-1) oxaliplatin intraperitoneally daily for 21days). The administration of RgIA (2 and 10nmol injected intramuscularly once a day concomitantly with oxaliplatin treatment), reduced the oxaliplatin-dependent hypersensitivity to mechanical and thermal noxious and non-noxious stimuli. Moreover, morphological modifications of L4-L5 dorsal root ganglia were significantly prevented. In the spinal cord the numerical increase of astrocyte cell density present in oxaliplatin-treated rats is partially prevented by RgIA treatment. Nevertheless, the administration of the α-conotoxin is able per se to elicit a numerical increase and a morphological activation of microglia and astrocytes in specific brain areas.
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108
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Higa GM, Sypult C. Molecular Biology and Clinical Mitigation of Cancer Treatment-Induced Neuropathy. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-ONCOLOGY 2016; 10:27-34. [PMID: 27081324 PMCID: PMC4820064 DOI: 10.4137/cmo.s32810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of microtubule function is the antitumor mechanism of several classes of drugs used to treat cancer today. However, the significant beneficial effect on tumor outcomes is frequently counterbalanced by neurotoxic complications. Despite an abundance of scientific data, our under-standing of the biological mechanisms underlying this toxic reaction remains unclear, further hindering attempts to identify and develop effective preventive strategies. The primary goals of this review are to: (1) provide insight regarding the biology of the microtubule, (2) analyze the molecular and biochemical pathways that may be involved in the development of neurotoxicity, and (3) propose a unifying concept linking drug-induced neuropathy, microtubule dysfunction, and vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald M Higa
- Professor of Clinical Pharmacy, Clinical Professor of Medicine, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Corbin Sypult
- Doctor of Pharmacy Student, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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109
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A phosphotyrosine switch regulates organic cation transporters. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10880. [PMID: 26979622 PMCID: PMC4799362 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane transporters are key determinants of therapeutic outcomes. They regulate systemic and cellular drug levels influencing efficacy as well as toxicities. Here we report a unique phosphorylation-dependent interaction between drug transporters and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), which has uncovered widespread phosphotyrosine-mediated regulation of drug transporters. We initially found that organic cation transporters (OCTs), uptake carriers of metformin and oxaliplatin, were inhibited by several clinically used TKIs. Mechanistic studies showed that these TKIs inhibit the Src family kinase Yes1, which was found to be essential for OCT2 tyrosine phosphorylation and function. Yes1 inhibition in vivo diminished OCT2 activity, significantly mitigating oxaliplatin-induced acute sensory neuropathy. Along with OCT2, other SLC-family drug transporters are potentially part of an extensive 'transporter-phosphoproteome' with unique susceptibility to TKIs. On the basis of these findings we propose that TKIs, an important and rapidly expanding class of therapeutics, can functionally modulate pharmacologically important proteins by inhibiting protein kinases essential for their post-translational regulation.
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110
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Cavaletti G, Alberti P, Marmiroli P. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity in cancer survivors: an underdiagnosed clinical entity? Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2016:e553-60. [PMID: 25993222 DOI: 10.14694/edbook_am.2015.35.e553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Systemic chemotherapy is a cornerstone of the modern medical management of cancer, although its use is limited by toxicity on normal tissues and organs, including the nervous system. Long-surviving or cured people strongly require a high level of wellness in addition to prolongation of life (the concept of the quality of survival), but neurologic dysfunction can severely affect daily life activities. Chemotherapy-related peripheral neurotoxicity is becoming one of the most worrisome long-term side effects in patients affected by a neoplasm. The central nervous system has a limited capacity to recover from injuries, and it is not surprising that severe damage can determine long-term or permanent neurologic dysfunction. However, the peripheral nervous system also can be permanently damaged by anticancer treatments despite its better regeneration capacities, and the effect on patients' daily life activities might be extremely severe. However, only recently, the paradigms of peripheral neurotoxicity reversibility have been scientifically challenged, and studies have been performed to capture the patients' perspectives on this issue and to measure the effect of peripheral neurotoxicity on their daily life activities. Despite these efforts, knowledge about this problem is still largely incomplete, and further studies are necessary to clarify the several still-unsettled aspects of long-term peripheral neurotoxicity of conventional and targeted anticancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Cavaletti
- From the Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Paola Alberti
- From the Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Paola Marmiroli
- From the Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
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111
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Galactose conjugated platinum(II) complex targeting the Warburg effect for treatment of non-small cell lung cancer and colon cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 110:32-42. [PMID: 26807543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Malignant neoplasms exhibit a higher rate of glycolysis than normal cells; this is known as the Warburg effect. To target it, a galactose-conjugated (trans-R,R-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine)-2-chloromalonato-platinum(II) complex (Gal-Pt) was designed, synthesized, and evaluated in five human cancer cell lines and against two different xenograft tumour models. Gal-Pt exhibits much higher aqueous solubility (over 25 times) and improved cytotoxicity than oxaliplatin, especially in human colon (HT29) and lung (H460) cancer cell lines. The safety profile of Gal-Pt was investigated in vivo by exploring the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and animal mortality rate. The ratios of the animal lethal dosage values to the cytotoxicity in HT29 (LD50/IC50) showed that Gal-Pt was associated with an increased therapeutic index by over 30-fold compared to cisplatin and oxaliplatin. We evaluated in vivo antitumor activity by single agent intravenous treatment comparison studies of Gal-Pt (50 mg/kg as 65% MTD) and cisplatin (3 mg/kg, as 80% MTD) in a H460 lung cancer xenograft model, and with oxaliplatin (7 mg/kg, as 90% MTD) in a HT29 colon cancer xenograft model. The results show that Gal-Pt was more efficacious against H460 than cisplatin, and had superior potency in HT29 cells compared to oxaliplatin under nontoxic dosage conditions. The dependency between cytotoxicity of Gal-Pt and glucose transporters (GLUTs) was investigated by using quercetin as an inhibitor of GLUTs in HT29 cells. The cytotoxic potency of Gal-Pt was highly reduced by the inhibitor, suggesting that the uptake of Gal-Pt was regulated by glucose transporters. The GLUT mediated transportability and cellular uptake of Gal-Pt was also demonstrated using a fluorescent glucose bioprobe in HT29 competition assay.
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112
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Jiao L, Li DD, Yang CL, Peng RQ, Guo YQ, Zhang XS, Zhu XF. Reactive oxygen species mediate oxaliplatin-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasive potential in colon cancer. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:8413-23. [PMID: 26733168 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4736-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic benefits offered by common chemotherapy drugs, such as oxaliplatin, are limited due to the development of resistance, which contributes to treatment failure and metastasis. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key event contributing to the development of resistance to chemotherapeutics. Although the relationship between oxaliplatin and chemotherapy resistance has been described for decades, the molecular mechanisms have remained elusive. The aim of the present study was to investigate the underlying mechanisms of oxaliplatin-mediated metastasis. Here, we identify reactive oxygen species (ROS) as mediators that promote the oxaliplatin-induced EMT. Following oxaliplatin treatment, the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of most peroxiredoxin family genes, except for peroxiredoxin 1 (prdx1) gene, were constant or even decreased, resulting in ROS abundance. And the antioxidant guardian Nrf2 was unconspicuously raised both transcriptionally and translationally with oxaliplatin treatment as compared to those induced by topotecan treatment, which has been proved with no induced metastasis. In addition, the study evaluated high levels of ROS leading to EMT via activation of the known oncogenes Akt and Snail. Using the Akt inhibitor LY294002 or knocking down Snail expression via RNA interference (RNAi) reversed the effects of oxaliplatin on the EMT and metastasis. Our studies establish a role for the ROS-Akt-Snail axis as a mechanism by which chemotherapeutics induce EMT and cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Dan-Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Chen-Lu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Rui-Qing Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yi-Qun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xiao-Shi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China. .,Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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113
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Goldstein D, Von Hoff DD, Moore M, Greeno E, Tortora G, Ramanathan RK, Macarulla T, Liu H, Pilot R, Ferrara S, Lu B. Development of peripheral neuropathy and its association with survival during treatment with nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine for patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas: A subset analysis from a randomised phase III trial (MPACT). Eur J Cancer 2015; 52:85-91. [PMID: 26655559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a phase III trial in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer (MPC), nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine (nab-P/Gem) demonstrated greater efficacy but higher rates of peripheral neuropathy (PN) versus Gem. This exploratory analysis aimed to characterise the frequency, duration, and severity of PN with nab-P/Gem in the MPACT study. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with previously untreated MPC received nab-P/Gem or Gem. PN was evaluated using a broad-spectrum group of Standardised Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities Queries (SMQ) and graded by National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI CTCAE) version 3.0. A case report form was completed by physicians on day 1 of each cycle (also graded by NCI CTCAE version 3.0). RESULTS In the nab-P/Gem arm, 227/421 patients (54%) experienced any-grade PN and 70 (17%) experienced grade III PN. No grade IV PN was reported. Most early-onset PN events were grade I, and treatment-related grade III PN occurred in 7% of patients who received up to three cycles of nab-P. Of those who developed grade III PN with nab-P/Gem treatment, 30 (43%) improved to grade ≤ I (median time to improvement = 29 days) and 31 (44%) resumed therapy. Development of PN was associated with efficacy; median overall survival in patients with grade III versus 0 PN was 14.9 versus 5.9 months (hazard ratio, 0.33; P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS nab-P/Gem was associated with grade III PN in a small percentage of patients. PN development was associated with longer treatment duration and improved survival. Grade III PN was reversible to grade ≤ I in many patients (median ≈ 1 month) NCT00844649.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Goldstein
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Department of Oncology, South Eastern Sydney Illawarra, NSW Health, Barker Street, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia; University of New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Daniel D Von Hoff
- Scottsdale Healthcare/TGen, Bisgrove Research Pavilion, 10510 North 92nd Street, Suite 200, Scottsdale, AZ 85258, USA
| | - Malcolm Moore
- Princess Margaret Hospital, 5th Floor 708, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G2M9, Canada
| | - Edward Greeno
- University of Minnesota, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, 420 Delaware Street SE, MMC 480, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Giampaolo Tortora
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Policlinico Borgo Roma, Piazzale L. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | | | - Teresa Macarulla
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), P. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helen Liu
- Celgene Corporation, 86 Morris Avenue, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Richard Pilot
- Celgene Corporation, 86 Morris Avenue, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Stefano Ferrara
- Celgene Corporation, 86 Morris Avenue, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Brian Lu
- Celgene Corporation, 86 Morris Avenue, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
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114
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Muggia FM, Bonetti A, Hoeschele JD, Rozencweig M, Howell SB. Platinum Antitumor Complexes: 50 Years Since Barnett Rosenberg's Discovery. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33:4219-26. [PMID: 26503202 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.60.7481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Franco M Muggia
- Franco M. Muggia, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY; Andrea Bonetti, Mater Salutis Hospitaļ Legnago, Italy; James D. Hoeschele, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI; Marcel Rozencweig, Innate Pharma, Marseille, France; and Stephen B. Howell, University of California San Diego (UCSD) and Moores UCSD Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA.
| | - Andrea Bonetti
- Franco M. Muggia, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY; Andrea Bonetti, Mater Salutis Hospitaļ Legnago, Italy; James D. Hoeschele, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI; Marcel Rozencweig, Innate Pharma, Marseille, France; and Stephen B. Howell, University of California San Diego (UCSD) and Moores UCSD Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA
| | - James D Hoeschele
- Franco M. Muggia, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY; Andrea Bonetti, Mater Salutis Hospitaļ Legnago, Italy; James D. Hoeschele, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI; Marcel Rozencweig, Innate Pharma, Marseille, France; and Stephen B. Howell, University of California San Diego (UCSD) and Moores UCSD Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA
| | - Marcel Rozencweig
- Franco M. Muggia, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY; Andrea Bonetti, Mater Salutis Hospitaļ Legnago, Italy; James D. Hoeschele, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI; Marcel Rozencweig, Innate Pharma, Marseille, France; and Stephen B. Howell, University of California San Diego (UCSD) and Moores UCSD Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA
| | - Stephen B Howell
- Franco M. Muggia, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY; Andrea Bonetti, Mater Salutis Hospitaļ Legnago, Italy; James D. Hoeschele, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI; Marcel Rozencweig, Innate Pharma, Marseille, France; and Stephen B. Howell, University of California San Diego (UCSD) and Moores UCSD Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA
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115
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Cheng XL, Liu HQ, Wang Q, Huo JG, Wang XN, Cao P. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity and complementary and alternative medicines: progress and perspective. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:234. [PMID: 26557088 PMCID: PMC4615942 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (CIPN) is a severe and dose-limiting side effect of antineoplastic drugs. It can cause sensory, motor and autonomic system dysfunction, and ultimately force patients to discontinue chemotherapy. Until now, little is understood about CIPN and no consistent caring standard is available. Since CIPN is a multifactorial disease, the clinical efficacy of single pharmacological drugs is disappointing, prompting patients to seek alternative treatment options. Complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs), especially herbal medicines, are well known for their multifaceted implications and widely used in human health care. Up to date, several phytochemicals, plant extractions, and herbal formulas have been evaluated for their potential therapeutic benefit of preventing the onset and progression of CIPN in experimental models. Clinical acupuncture has also been shown to improve CIPN symptoms. In this review, we will give an outline of our current knowledge regrading the advanced research of CIPN, the role of CAMs in alleviating CIPN and possible lacunae in research that needs to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao L Cheng
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing, China ; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Q Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Jiangsu Shenlong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Yancheng, China
| | - Jie G Huo
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao N Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing, China ; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Nanjing, China
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Cai S, Tian X, Sun L, Hu H, Zheng S, Jiang H, Yu L, Zeng S. Platinum(II)-Oligonucleotide Coordination Based Aptasensor for Simple and Selective Detection of Platinum Compounds. Anal Chem 2015; 87:10542-6. [PMID: 26393810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Wide use of platinum-based chemotherapeutic regimens for the treatment for carcinoma calls for a simple and selective detection of platinum compound in biological samples. On the basis of the platinum(II)-base pair coordination, a novel type of aptameric platform for platinum detection has been introduced. This chemiluminescence (CL) aptasensor consists of a designed streptavidin (SA) aptamer sequence in which several base pairs were replaced by G-G mismatches. Only in the presence of platinum, coordination occurs between the platinum and G-G base pairs as opposed to the hydrogen-bonded G-C base pairs, which leads to SA aptamer sequence activation, resulting in their binding to SA coated magnetic beads. These Pt-DNA coordination events were monitored by a simple and direct luminol-peroxide CL reaction through horseradish peroxidase (HRP) catalysis with a strong chemiluminescence emission. The validated ranges of quantification were 0.12-240 μM with a limit of detection of 60 nM and selectivity over other metal ions. This assay was also successfully used in urine sample determination. It will be a promising candidate for the detection of platinum in biomedical and environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Cai
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xueke Tian
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lianli Sun
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haihong Hu
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shirui Zheng
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huidi Jiang
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lushan Yu
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Su Zeng
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China
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Pi F, Vieweger M, Zhao Z, Wang S, Guo P. Discovery of a new method for potent drug development using power function of stoichiometry of homomeric biocomplexes or biological nanomotors. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015; 13:23-36. [PMID: 26307193 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.1082544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multidrug resistance and the appearance of incurable diseases inspire the quest for potent therapeutics. AREAS COVERED We review a new methodology in designing potent drugs by targeting multi-subunit homomeric biological motors, machines or complexes with Z > 1 and K = 1, where Z is the stoichiometry of the target, and K is the number of drugged subunits required to block the function of the complex. The condition is similar to a series electrical circuit of Christmas decorations: failure of one light bulb causes the entire lighting system to lose power. In most multi-subunit, homomeric biological systems, a sequential coordination or cooperative action mechanism is utilized, thus K equals 1. Drug inhibition depends on the ratio of drugged to non-drugged complexes. When K = 1, and Z > 1, the inhibition effect follows a power law with respect to Z, leading to enhanced drug potency. The hypothesis that the potency of drug inhibition depends on the stoichiometry of the targeted biological complexes was recently quantified by Yang-Hui's Triangle (or binomial distribution), and proved using a highly sensitive in vitro phi29 viral DNA packaging system. Examples of targeting homomeric bio-complexes with high stoichiometry for potent drug discovery are discussed. EXPERT OPINION Biomotors with multiple subunits are widespread in viruses, bacteria and cells, making this approach generally applicable in the development of inhibition drugs with high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengmei Pi
- a 1 University of Kentucky, Nanobiotechnology Center , Lexington, KY 40536, USA.,b 2 University of Kentucky, Markey Cancer Center , Lexington, KY 40536, USA.,c 3 University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , 789 S. Limestone Street, Room # 576, Lexington, KY 40536, USA +1 859 218 0128 ; +1 859 257 1307 ;
| | - Mario Vieweger
- a 1 University of Kentucky, Nanobiotechnology Center , Lexington, KY 40536, USA.,b 2 University of Kentucky, Markey Cancer Center , Lexington, KY 40536, USA.,c 3 University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , 789 S. Limestone Street, Room # 576, Lexington, KY 40536, USA +1 859 218 0128 ; +1 859 257 1307 ;
| | - Zhengyi Zhao
- a 1 University of Kentucky, Nanobiotechnology Center , Lexington, KY 40536, USA.,b 2 University of Kentucky, Markey Cancer Center , Lexington, KY 40536, USA.,c 3 University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , 789 S. Limestone Street, Room # 576, Lexington, KY 40536, USA +1 859 218 0128 ; +1 859 257 1307 ;
| | - Shaoying Wang
- a 1 University of Kentucky, Nanobiotechnology Center , Lexington, KY 40536, USA.,b 2 University of Kentucky, Markey Cancer Center , Lexington, KY 40536, USA.,c 3 University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , 789 S. Limestone Street, Room # 576, Lexington, KY 40536, USA +1 859 218 0128 ; +1 859 257 1307 ;
| | - Peixuan Guo
- a 1 University of Kentucky, Nanobiotechnology Center , Lexington, KY 40536, USA.,b 2 University of Kentucky, Markey Cancer Center , Lexington, KY 40536, USA.,c 3 University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , 789 S. Limestone Street, Room # 576, Lexington, KY 40536, USA +1 859 218 0128 ; +1 859 257 1307 ;
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Myint K, Li Y, Paxton J, McKeage M. Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2 (MRP2) Mediated Transport of Oxaliplatin-Derived Platinum in Membrane Vesicles. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130727. [PMID: 26131551 PMCID: PMC4488857 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The platinum-based anticancer drug oxaliplatin is important clinically in cancer treatment. However, the role of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) in controlling oxaliplatin membrane transport, in vivo handling, toxicity and therapeutic responses is unclear. In the current study, preparations of MRP2-expressing and control membrane vesicles, containing inside-out orientated vesicles, were used to directly characterise the membrane transport of oxaliplatin-derived platinum measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Oxaliplatin inhibited the ATP-dependent accumulation of the model MRP2 fluorescent probe, 5(6)-carboxy-2,'7'-dichlorofluorescein, in MRP2-expressing membrane vesicles. MRP2-expressing membrane vesicles accumulated up to 19-fold more platinum during their incubation with oxaliplatin and ATP as compared to control membrane vesicles and in the absence of ATP. The rate of ATP-dependent MRP2-mediated active transport of oxaliplatin-derived platinum increased non-linearly with increasing oxaliplatin exposure concentration, approaching a plateau value (Vmax) of 2680 pmol Pt/mg protein/10 minutes (95%CI, 2010 to 3360 pmol Pt/mg protein/10 minutes), with the half-maximal platinum accumulation rate (Km) at an oxaliplatin exposure concentration of 301 μM (95% CI, 163 to 438 μM), in accordance with Michaelis-Menten kinetics (r2 = 0.954). MRP2 inhibitors (myricetin and MK571) reduced the ATP-dependent accumulation of oxaliplatin-derived platinum in MRP2-expressing membrane vesicles in a concentration-dependent manner. To identify whether oxaliplatin, or perhaps a degradation product, was the likely substrate for this active transport, HPLC studies were undertaken showing that oxaliplatin degraded slowly in membrane vesicle incubation buffer containing chloride ions and glutathione, with approximately 95% remaining intact after a 10 minute incubation time and a degradation half-life of 2.24 hours (95%CI, 2.08 to 2.43 hours). In conclusion, MRP2 mediates the ATP-dependent active membrane transport of oxaliplatin-derived platinum. Intact oxaliplatin and its anionic monochloro oxalate ring-opened intermediate appear likely candidates as substrates for MRP2-mediated transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khine Myint
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yan Li
- School of Applied Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - James Paxton
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mark McKeage
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
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Cashman CR, Höke A. Mechanisms of distal axonal degeneration in peripheral neuropathies. Neurosci Lett 2015; 596:33-50. [PMID: 25617478 PMCID: PMC4428955 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy is a common complication of a variety of diseases and treatments, including diabetes, cancer chemotherapy, and infectious causes (HIV, hepatitis C, and Campylobacter jejuni). Despite the fundamental difference between these insults, peripheral neuropathy develops as a combination of just six primary mechanisms: altered metabolism, covalent modification, altered organelle function and reactive oxygen species formation, altered intracellular and inflammatory signaling, slowed axonal transport, and altered ion channel dynamics and expression. All of these pathways converge to lead to axon dysfunction and symptoms of neuropathy. The detailed mechanisms of axon degeneration itself have begun to be elucidated with studies of animal models with altered degeneration kinetics, including the slowed Wallerian degeneration (Wld(S)) and Sarm knockout animal models. These studies have shown axonal degeneration to occur through a programmed pathway of injury signaling and cytoskeletal degradation. Insights into the common disease insults that converge on the axonal degeneration pathway promise to facilitate the development of therapeutics that may be effective against other mechanisms of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Cashman
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, USA; MSTP- MD/PhD Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ahmet Höke
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, USA.
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Cavaletti G. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (CIPN): what we need and what we know. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2015; 19:66-76. [PMID: 24976572 DOI: 10.1111/jns5.12073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (CIPN) is one of the most frequent and severe long-term side effects of cancer chemotherapy. Preclinical and clinical studies have extensively investigated CIPN searching for effective strategies to limit its severity or to treat CIPN-related impairment, but the results have been disappointing. Among the reasons for this failure are methodological flaws in both preclinical and clinical investigations. Their successful resolution might provide a brighter perspective for future studies. Among the several neurotoxic chemotherapy drugs, oxaliplatin may offer a clear example of a methodological approach eventually leading to successful clinical trials. However, the same considerations apply to the other neurotoxic agents and, although frequently neglected, also to the new "targeted" agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Cavaletti
- Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
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Harrach S, Ciarimboli G. Role of transporters in the distribution of platinum-based drugs. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:85. [PMID: 25964760 PMCID: PMC4408848 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum derivatives used as chemotherapeutic drugs such as cisplatin and oxaliplatin have a potent antitumor activity. However, severe side effects such as nephro-, oto-, and neurotoxicity are associated with their use. Effects and side effects of platinum-based drugs are in part caused by their transporter-mediated uptake in target and non target cells. In this mini review, the transport systems involved in cellular handling of platinum derivatives are illustrated, focusing on transporters for cisplatin. The copper transporter 1 seems to be of particular importance for cisplatin uptake in tumor cells, while the organic cation transporter (OCT) 2, due to its specific organ distribution, may play a major role in the development of undesired cisplatin side effects. In polarized cells, e.g., in renal proximal tubule cells, apically expressed transporters, such as multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1, mediate secretion of cisplatin and in this way contribute to the control of its toxic effects. Specific inhibition of cisplatin uptake transporters such as the OCTs may be an attractive therapeutic option to reduce its toxicity, without impairing its antitumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saliha Harrach
- Experimental Nephrology, Medical Clinic D, University of Münster, University Hospital MünsterMünster, Germany
| | - Giuliano Ciarimboli
- Experimental Nephrology, Medical Clinic D, University of Münster, University Hospital MünsterMünster, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), University of Münster, University Hospital MünsterMünster, Germany
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Avan A, Postma TJ, Ceresa C, Avan A, Cavaletti G, Giovannetti E, Peters GJ. Platinum-induced neurotoxicity and preventive strategies: past, present, and future. Oncologist 2015; 20:411-32. [PMID: 25765877 PMCID: PMC4391771 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2014-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotoxicity is a burdensome side effect of platinum-based chemotherapy that prevents administration of the full efficacious dosage and often leads to treatment withdrawal. Peripheral sensory neurotoxicity varies from paresthesia in fingers to ataxic gait, which might be transient or irreversible. Because the number of patients being treated with these neurotoxic agents is still increasing, the need for understanding the pathogenesis of this dramatic side effect is critical. Platinum derivatives, such as cisplatin and carboplatin, harm mainly peripheral nerves and dorsal root ganglia neurons, possibly because of progressive DNA-adduct accumulation and inhibition of DNA repair pathways (e.g., extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinass), which finally mediate apoptosis. Oxaliplatin, with a completely different pharmacokinetic profile, may also alter calcium-sensitive voltage-gated sodium channel kinetics through a calcium ion immobilization by oxalate residue as a calcium chelator and cause acute neurotoxicity. Polymorphisms in several genes, such as voltage-gated sodium channel genes or genes affecting the activity of pivotal metal transporters (e.g., organic cation transporters, organic cation/carnitine transporters, and some metal transporters, such as the copper transporters, and multidrug resistance-associated proteins), can also influence drug neurotoxicity and treatment response. However, most pharmacogenetics studies need to be elucidated by robust evidence. There are supportive reports about the effectiveness of several neuroprotective agents (e.g., vitamin E, glutathione, amifostine, xaliproden, and venlafaxine), but dose adjustment and/or drug withdrawal seem to be the most frequently used methods in the management of platinum-induced peripheral neurotoxicity. To develop alternative options in the treatment of platinum-induced neuropathy, studies on in vitro models and appropriate trials planning should be integrated into the future design of neuroprotective strategies to find the best patient-oriented solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Avan
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of New Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Tjeerd J Postma
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of New Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Cecilia Ceresa
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of New Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of New Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Guido Cavaletti
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of New Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of New Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Godefridus J Peters
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of New Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Shin N, Oh JH, Lee YJ. Role of drug transporters: an overview based on knockout animal model studies. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-015-0178-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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125
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Sisignano M, Baron R, Scholich K, Geisslinger G. Mechanism-based treatment for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathic pain. Nat Rev Neurol 2014; 10:694-707. [DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2014.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Carozzi VA, Canta A, Chiorazzi A. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: What do we know about mechanisms? Neurosci Lett 2014; 596:90-107. [PMID: 25459280 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin, oxaliplatin, paclitaxel, vincristine and bortezomib are some of the most effective drugs successfully employed (alone or in combinations) as first-line treatment for common cancers. However they often caused severe peripheral neurotoxicity and neuropathic pain. Structural deficits in Dorsal Root Ganglia and sensory nerves caused symptoms as sensory loss, paresthesia, dysaesthesia and numbness that result in patient' suffering and also limit the life-saving therapy. Several scientists have explored the various mechanisms involved in the onset of chemotherapy-related peripheral neurotoxicity identifying molecular targets useful for the development of selected neuroprotective strategies. Dorsal Root Ganglia sensory neurons, satellite cells, Schwann cells, as well as neuronal and glial cells in the spinal cord, are the preferential sites in which chemotherapy neurotoxicity occurs. DNA damage, alterations in cellular system repairs, mitochondria changes, increased intracellular reactive oxygen species, alterations in ion channels, glutamate signalling, MAP-kinases and nociceptors ectopic activation are among the events that trigger the onset of peripheral neurotoxicity and neuropathic pain. In the present work we review the role of the main players in determining the pathogenesis of anticancer drugs-induced peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Carozzi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
| | - A Canta
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - A Chiorazzi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
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Mohelnikova-Duchonova B, Melichar B, Soucek P. FOLFOX/FOLFIRI pharmacogenetics: The call for a personalized approach in colorectal cancer therapy. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:10316-10330. [PMID: 25132748 PMCID: PMC4130839 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i30.10316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While 5-fluorouracil used as single agent in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer has an objective response rate around 20%, the administration of combinations of irinotecan with 5-fluorouracil/folinic acid or oxaliplatin with 5-fluorouracil/folinic acid results in significantly increased response rates and improved survival. However, the side effects of systemic therapy such as myelotoxicity, neurotoxicity or gastrointestinal toxicity may lead to life-threatening complications and have a major impact on the quality of life of the patients. Therefore, biomarkers that would be instrumental in the choice of optimal type, combination and dose of drugs for an individual patient are urgently needed. The efficacy and toxicity of anticancer drugs in tumor cells is determined by the effective concentration in tumor cells, healthy tissues and by the presence and quantity of the drug targets. Enzymes active in drug metabolism and transport represent important determinants of the therapeutic outcome. The aim of this review was to summarize published data on associations of gene and protein expression, and genetic variability of putative biomarkers with response to therapy of colorectal cancer to 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin/oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil/leukovorin/irinotecan regimens. Gaps in the knowledge identified by this review may aid the design of future research and clinical trials.
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Mao-Ying QL, Kavelaars A, Krukowski K, Huo XJ, Zhou W, Price TJ, Cleeland C, Heijnen CJ. The anti-diabetic drug metformin protects against chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in a mouse model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100701. [PMID: 24955774 PMCID: PMC4067328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) characterized by loss of sensory sensitivity and pain in hands and feet is the major dose-limiting toxicity of many chemotherapeutics. At present, there are no FDA-approved treatments for CIPN. The anti-diabetic drug metformin is the most widely used prescription drug in the world and improves glycemic control in diabetes patients. There is some evidence that metformin enhances the efficacy of cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that metformin protects against chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain and sensory deficits. Mice were treated with cisplatin together with metformin or saline. Cisplatin induced increased sensitivity to mechanical stimulation (mechanical allodynia) as measured using the von Frey test. Co-administration of metformin almost completely prevented the cisplatin-induced mechanical allodynia. Co-administration of metformin also prevented paclitaxel-induced mechanical allodynia. The capacity of the mice to detect an adhesive patch on their hind paw was used as a novel indicator of chemotherapy-induced sensory deficits. Co-administration of metformin prevented the cisplatin-induced increase in latency to detect the adhesive patch indicating that metformin prevents sensory deficits as well. Moreover, metformin prevented the reduction in density of intra-epidermal nerve fibers (IENFs) in the paw that develops as a result of cisplatin treatment. We conclude that metformin protects against pain and loss of tactile function in a mouse model of CIPN. The finding that metformin reduces loss of peripheral nerve endings indicates that mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of metformin includes a neuroprotective activity. Because metformin is widely used for treatment of type II diabetes, has a broad safety profile, and is currently being tested as an adjuvant drug in cancer treatment, clinical translation of these findings could be rapidly achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Liang Mao-Ying
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Annemieke Kavelaars
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Karen Krukowski
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xiao-Jiao Huo
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Theodore J. Price
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, United States of America
| | - Charles Cleeland
- Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Cobi J. Heijnen
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Deuis JR, Lim YL, Rodrigues de Sousa S, Lewis RJ, Alewood PF, Cabot PJ, Vetter I. Analgesic effects of clinically used compounds in novel mouse models of polyneuropathy induced by oxaliplatin and cisplatin. Neuro Oncol 2014; 16:1324-32. [PMID: 24714523 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral neuropathy is the major dose-limiting side effect of cisplatin and oxaliplatin, and there are currently no effective treatments available. The aim of this study was to assess the pharmacological mechanisms underlying chemotherapy-induced neuropathy in novel animal models based on intraplantar administration of cisplatin and oxaliplatin and to systematically evaluate the analgesic efficacy of a range of therapeutics. METHODS Neuropathy was induced by a single intraplantar injection of cisplatin or oxaliplatin in C57BL/6J mice and assessed by quantification of mechanical and thermal allodynia. The pharmacological basis of cisplatin-induced neuropathy was characterized using a range of selective pharmacological inhibitors. The analgesic effects of phenytoin, amitriptyline, oxcarbazepine, mexiletine, topiramate, retigabine, gabapentin, fentanyl, and Ca(2+/)Mg(2+) were assessed 24 hours after induction of neuropathy. RESULTS Intraplantar administration of cisplatin led to the development of mechanical allodynia, mediated through Nav1.6-expressing sensory neurons. Unlike intraplantar injection of oxaliplatin, cold allodynia was not observed with cisplatin, consistent with clinical observations. Surprisingly, only fentanyl was effective at alleviating cisplatin-induced mechanical allodynia despite a lack of efficacy in oxaliplatin-induced cold allodynia. Conversely, lamotrigine, phenytoin, retigabine, and gabapentin were effective at reversing oxaliplatin-induced cold allodynia but had no effect on cisplatin-induced mechanical allodynia. Oxcarbazepine, amitriptyline, mexiletine, and topiramate lacked efficacy in both models of acute chemotherapy-induced neuropathy. CONCLUSION This study established a novel animal model of cisplatin-induced mechanical allodynia consistent with the A-fiber neuropathy seen clinically. Systematic assessment of a range of therapeutics identified several candidates that warrant further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Deuis
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia (J.R.D., Y.L.L., P.J.C., I.V.); Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia (J.R.D., S.R., R.J.L., P.F.A., I.V.)
| | - Yu Ling Lim
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia (J.R.D., Y.L.L., P.J.C., I.V.); Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia (J.R.D., S.R., R.J.L., P.F.A., I.V.)
| | - Silmara Rodrigues de Sousa
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia (J.R.D., Y.L.L., P.J.C., I.V.); Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia (J.R.D., S.R., R.J.L., P.F.A., I.V.)
| | - Richard J Lewis
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia (J.R.D., Y.L.L., P.J.C., I.V.); Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia (J.R.D., S.R., R.J.L., P.F.A., I.V.)
| | - Paul F Alewood
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia (J.R.D., Y.L.L., P.J.C., I.V.); Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia (J.R.D., S.R., R.J.L., P.F.A., I.V.)
| | - Peter J Cabot
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia (J.R.D., Y.L.L., P.J.C., I.V.); Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia (J.R.D., S.R., R.J.L., P.F.A., I.V.)
| | - Irina Vetter
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia (J.R.D., Y.L.L., P.J.C., I.V.); Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia (J.R.D., S.R., R.J.L., P.F.A., I.V.)
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Hotson JR. Noninvasive peroneal sensory and motor nerve conduction recordings in the rabbit distal hindlimb: feasibility, variability and neuropathy measure. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92694. [PMID: 24658286 PMCID: PMC3962448 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroneal nerve anatomy of the rabbit distal hindlimb is similar to humans, but reports of distal peroneal nerve conduction studies were not identified with a literature search. Distal sensorimotor recordings may be useful for studying rabbit models of length-dependent peripheral neuropathy. Surface electrodes were adhered to the dorsal rabbit foot overlying the extensor digitorum brevis muscle and the superficial peroneal nerve. The deep and superficial peroneal nerves were stimulated above the ankle and the common peroneal nerve was stimulated at the knee. The nerve conduction studies were repeated twice with a one-week intertest interval to determine measurement variability. Intravenous vincristine was used to produce a peripheral neuropathy. Repeat recordings measured the response to vincristine. A compound muscle action potential and a sensory nerve action potential were evoked in all rabbits. The compound muscle action potential mean amplitude was 0.29 mV (SD ± 0.12) and the fibula head to ankle mean motor conduction velocity was 46.5 m/s (SD ± 2.9). The sensory nerve action potential mean amplitude was 22.8 μV (SD ± 2.8) and the distal sensory conduction velocity was 38.8 m/s (SD ± 2.2). Sensorimotor latencies and velocities were least variable between two test sessions (coefficient of variation = 2.6-5.9%), sensory potential amplitudes were intermediate (coefficient of variation = 11.1%) and compound potential amplitudes were the most variable (coefficient of variation = 19.3%). Vincristine abolished compound muscle action potentials and reduced sensory nerve action potential amplitudes by 42-57% while having little effect on velocity. Rabbit distal hindlimb nerve conduction studies are feasible with surface recordings and stimulation. The evoked distal sensory potentials have amplitudes, configurations and recording techniques that are similar to humans and may be valuable for measuring large sensory fiber function in chronic models of peripheral neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R. Hotson
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, California, United States of America
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Abstract
Members of the solute carrier (SLC) family of transporters are responsible for the cellular influx of a broad range of endogenous compounds and xenobiotics in multiple tissues. Many of these transporters are highly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and kidney and are considered to be of particular importance in governing drug absorption, elimination, and cellular sensitivity of specific organs to a wide variety of oncology drugs. Although the majority of studies on the interaction of oncology drugs with SLC have been restricted to the use of exploratory in vitro model systems, emerging evidence suggests that several SLCs, including OCT2 and OATP1B1, contribute to clinically important phenotypes associated with those agents. Recent literature has indicated that modulation of SLC activity may result in drug-drug interactions, and genetic polymorphisms in SLC genes have been described that can affect the handling of substrates. Alteration of SLC function by either of these mechanisms has been demonstrated to contribute to interindividual variability in the pharmacokinetics and toxicity associated with several oncology drugs. In this report, we provide an update on this rapidly emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Sprowl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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Nies AT, Schaeffeler E, van der Kuip H, Cascorbi I, Bruhn O, Kneba M, Pott C, Hofmann U, Volk C, Hu S, Baker SD, Sparreboom A, Ruth P, Koepsell H, Schwab M. Cellular uptake of imatinib into leukemic cells is independent of human organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1). Clin Cancer Res 2013; 20:985-94. [PMID: 24352644 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In addition to mutated BCR-ABL1 kinase, the organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1, encoded by SLC22A1) has been considered to contribute to imatinib resistance in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). As data are conflicting as to whether OCT1 transports imatinib and may serve as a clinical biomarker, we used a combination of different approaches including animal experiments to elucidate comprehensively the impact of OCT1 on cellular imatinib uptake. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Transport of imatinib was studied using OCT1-expressing Xenopus oocytes, mammalian cell lines (HEK293, MDCK, V79) stably expressing OCT1, human leukemic cells, and Oct1-knockout mice. OCT1 mRNA and protein expression were analyzed in leukemic cells from patients with imatinib-naïve CML as well as in cell lines. RESULTS Transport and inhibition studies showed that overexpression of functional OCT1 protein in Xenopus oocytes or mammalian cell lines did not lead to an increased cellular accumulation of imatinib. The CML cell lines (K562, Meg-01, LAMA84) and leukemic cells from patients expressed neither OCT1 mRNA nor protein as demonstrated by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence microscopy, yet they showed a considerable imatinib uptake. Oct1 deficiency in mice had no influence on plasma and hepatic imatinib concentrations. CONCLUSIONS These data clearly demonstrate that cellular uptake of imatinib is independent of OCT1, and therefore OCT1 is apparently not a valid biomarker for imatinib resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne T Nies
- Authors' Affiliations: Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen; Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, University of Tübingen; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen; Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Second Medical Department, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel; Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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Sprowl JA, van Doorn L, Hu S, van Gerven L, de Bruijn P, Li L, Gibson AA, Mathijssen RH, Sparreboom A. Conjunctive therapy of cisplatin with the OCT2 inhibitor cimetidine: influence on antitumor efficacy and systemic clearance. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2013; 94:585-92. [PMID: 23863876 PMCID: PMC3832209 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2013.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2) regulates uptake of cisplatin in proximal tubules, and inhibition of OCT2 protects against severe cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. However, it remains uncertain whether potent OCT2 inhibitors, such as cimetidine, can influence the antitumor properties and/or disposition of cisplatin. Using an array of preclinical assays, we found that cimetidine had no effect on the uptake and cytotoxicity of cisplatin in ovarian cancer cells with high OCT2 mRNA levels (IGROV-1 cells). Moreover, the antitumor efficacy of cisplatin in mice bearing luciferase-tagged IGROV-1 xenografts was unaffected by cimetidine (P = 0.39). Data obtained in 18 patients receiving cisplatin (100 mg/m(2)) in a randomized crossover fashion with or without cimetidine (800 mg × 2) revealed that cimetidine did not alter exposure to unbound cisplatin, a marker of antitumor efficacy (4.37 vs. 4.38 µg·h/ml; P = 0.86). These results support the future clinical exploration of OCT2 inhibitors as specific modifiers of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Sprowl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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