101
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Yeoh Y, Low TY, Abu N, Lee PY. Regulation of signal transduction pathways in colorectal cancer: implications for therapeutic resistance. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12338. [PMID: 34733591 PMCID: PMC8544255 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to anti-cancer treatments is a critical and widespread health issue that has brought serious impacts on lives, the economy and public policies. Mounting research has suggested that a selected spectrum of patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) tend to respond poorly to both chemotherapeutic and targeted therapeutic regimens. Drug resistance in tumours can occur in an intrinsic or acquired manner, rendering cancer cells insensitive to the treatment of anti-cancer therapies. Multiple factors have been associated with drug resistance. The most well-established factors are the emergence of cancer stem cell-like properties and overexpression of ABC transporters that mediate drug efflux. Besides, there is emerging evidence that signalling pathways that modulate cell survival and drug metabolism play major roles in the maintenance of multidrug resistance in CRC. This article reviews drug resistance in CRC as a result of alterations in the MAPK, PI3K/PKB, Wnt/β-catenin and Notch pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeelon Yeoh
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Teck Yew Low
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nadiah Abu
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pey Yee Lee
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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102
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Shibata S, Sogabe S, Miwa M, Fujimoto T, Takakura N, Naotsuka A, Kitamura S, Kawamoto T, Soga T. Identification of the first highly selective inhibitor of human lactate dehydrogenase B. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21353. [PMID: 34725423 PMCID: PMC8560939 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00820-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) catalyses the conversion of pyruvate to lactate and NADH to NAD+; it has two isoforms, LDHA and LDHB. LDHA is a promising target for cancer therapy, whereas LDHB is necessary for basal autophagy and cancer cell proliferation in oxidative and glycolytic cancer cells. To the best of our knowledge, selective inhibitors for LDHB have not yet been reported. Here, we developed a high-throughput mass spectrometry screening system using an LDHB enzyme assay by detecting NADH and NAD+. As a result, we identified a small-molecule LDHB selective inhibitor AXKO-0046, an indole derivative. This compound exhibited uncompetitive LDHB inhibition (EC50 = 42 nM). X-ray crystallography revealed that AXKO-0046 bound to the potential allosteric site away from the LDHB catalytic active site, suggesting that targeting the tetramerisation interface of the two dimers is critical for the enzymatic activity. AXKO-0046 and its derivatives can be used to validate LDHB-associated pathways in cancer metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachio Shibata
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Science, Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners, Inc., 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Sogabe
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Science, Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners, Inc., 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masanori Miwa
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Science, Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners, Inc., 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takuya Fujimoto
- Chemistry, Discovery Science, Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners, Inc., 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takakura
- Chemistry, Discovery Science, Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners, Inc., 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akihiko Naotsuka
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Science, Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners, Inc., 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shuji Kitamura
- Chemistry, Discovery Science, Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners, Inc., 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kawamoto
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Science, Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners, Inc., 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
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103
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Drosophila intestinal homeostasis requires CTP synthase. Exp Cell Res 2021; 408:112838. [PMID: 34560103 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
CTP synthase (CTPS) senses all four nucleotides and forms filamentous structures termed cytoophidia in all three domains of life. How CTPS and cytoophidia function in a developmental context, however, remains underexplored. We report that CTPS forms cytoophidia in a subset of cells in the Drosophila midgut. We found that cytoophidia exist in intestinal stem cells (ISC) and enteroblasts in similar proportions. Both refeeding after starvation and feeding with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induce ISC proliferation and elongate cytoophidia. Knockdown of CTPS inhibits ISC proliferation. Remarkably, disruption of CTPS cytoophidia inhibits DSS-induced ISC proliferation. Taken together, these data suggest that both the expression level and the filament-form property of CTPS are crucial for intestinal homeostasis in Drosophila.
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104
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Hong J, Guo F, Lu SY, Shen C, Ma D, Zhang X, Xie Y, Yan T, Yu T, Sun T, Qian Y, Zhong M, Chen J, Peng Y, Wang C, Zhou X, Liu J, Liu Q, Ma X, Chen YX, Chen H, Fang JY. F. nucleatum targets lncRNA ENO1-IT1 to promote glycolysis and oncogenesis in colorectal cancer. Gut 2021; 70:2123-2137. [PMID: 33318144 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Microbiota disorder promotes chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis. High glycolysis is associated with poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the potential correlation between the gut microbiota and glucose metabolism is unknown in CRC. DESIGN 18F-FDG (18F-fluorodeoxyglucose) PET (positron emission tomography)/CT image scanning data and microbiota PCR analysis were performed to measure the correlation between metabolic alterations and microbiota disorder in 33 patients with CRC. Multiple colorectal cancer models, metabolic analysis and Seahorse assay were established to assess the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) enolase1-intronic transcript 1 (ENO1-IT1) in Fusobacterium (F.) nucleatum-induced glucose metabolism and colorectal carcinogenesis. RNA immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing were conducted to identify potential targets of lncRNA ENO1-IT1. RESULTS We have found F. nucleatum abundance correlated with high glucose metabolism in patients with CRC. Furthermore, F. nucleatum supported carcinogenesis via increasing CRC cell glucose metabolism. Mechanistically, F. nucleatum activated lncRNA ENO1-IT1 transcription via upregulating the binding efficiency of transcription factor SP1 to the promoter region of lncRNA ENO1-IT1. Elevated ENO1-IT behaved as a guider modular for KAT7 histone acetyltransferase, specifying the histone modification pattern on its target genes, including ENO1, and consequently altering CRC biological function. CONCLUSION F. nucleatum and glucose metabolism are mechanistically, biologically and clinically connected to CRC. Targeting ENO1 pathway may be meaningful in treating patients with CRC with elevated F. nucleatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hong
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Cancer Institute; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangfang Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Cancer Institute; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Yuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Cancer Institute; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoqin Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Cancer Institute; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Cancer Institute; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Cancer Institute; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yile Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Cancer Institute; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Cancer Institute; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - TaChung Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Cancer Institute; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiantian Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Cancer Institute; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Cancer Institute; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zhong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinxian Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanshen Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Cancer Institute; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiong Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Cancer Institute; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Xuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Cancer Institute; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Cancer Institute; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Cancer Institute; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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105
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Cheng CT, Wang TY, Chen PR, Wu WH, Lai JM, Chang PMH, Hong YR, Huang CYF, Wang FS. Computer-Aided Design for Identifying Anticancer Targets in Genome-Scale Metabolic Models of Colon Cancer. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10111115. [PMID: 34827109 PMCID: PMC8614794 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Discovery of anticancer targets with minimal side effects is a major challenge in drug discovery and development. This study developed a fuzzy optimization framework for identifying anticancer targets. The framework was applied to identify not only gene regulator targets but also metabolite- and reaction-centric targets. The computational results show that the combination of a carbon metabolism target and any one-target gene that participates in the sphingolipid, glycerophospholipid, nucleotide, cholesterol biosynthesis, or pentose phosphate pathways is more effective for treatment than one-target inhibition is, and a two-target combination of 5-FU and folate supplement can improve cell viability, reduce metabolic deviation, and reduce side effects of normal cells. Abstract The efficient discovery of anticancer targets with minimal side effects is a major challenge in drug discovery and development. Early prediction of side effects is key for reducing development costs, increasing drug efficacy, and increasing drug safety. This study developed a fuzzy optimization framework for Identifying AntiCancer Targets (IACT) using constraint-based models. Four objectives were established to evaluate the mortality of treated cancer cells and to minimize side effects causing toxicity-induced tumorigenesis on normal cells and smaller metabolic perturbations. Fuzzy set theory was applied to evaluate potential side effects and investigate the magnitude of metabolic deviations in perturbed cells compared with their normal counterparts. The framework was applied to identify not only gene regulator targets but also metabolite- and reaction-centric targets. A nested hybrid differential evolution algorithm with a hierarchical fitness function was applied to solve multilevel IACT problems. The results show that the combination of a carbon metabolism target and any one-target gene that participates in the sphingolipid, glycerophospholipid, nucleotide, cholesterol biosynthesis, or pentose phosphate pathways is more effective for treatment than one-target inhibition is. A clinical antimetabolite drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has been used to inhibit synthesis of deoxythymidine-5′-triphosphate for treatment of colorectal cancer. The computational results reveal that a two-target combination of 5-FU and a folate supplement can improve cell viability, reduce metabolic deviation, and reduce side effects of normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Ting Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan; (C.-T.C.); (T.-Y.W.); (P.-R.C.); (W.-H.W.)
| | - Tsun-Yu Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan; (C.-T.C.); (T.-Y.W.); (P.-R.C.); (W.-H.W.)
| | - Pei-Rong Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan; (C.-T.C.); (T.-Y.W.); (P.-R.C.); (W.-H.W.)
| | - Wu-Hsiung Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan; (C.-T.C.); (T.-Y.W.); (P.-R.C.); (W.-H.W.)
| | - Jin-Mei Lai
- Department of Life Science, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan;
| | - Peter Mu-Hsin Chang
- Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11211, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ren Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Ying F. Huang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11211, Taiwan;
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11211, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan; (C.-T.C.); (T.-Y.W.); (P.-R.C.); (W.-H.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-5-2720411 (ext. 33404)
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106
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Miyazaki T, Chung S, Sakai H, Ohata H, Obata Y, Shiokawa D, Mizoguchi Y, Kubo T, Ichikawa H, Taniguchi H, Aoki K, Soga T, Nakagama H, Okamoto K. Stemness and immune evasion conferred by TDO2-AHR pathway are associated with liver metastasis of colon cancer. Cancer Sci 2021; 113:170-181. [PMID: 34714577 PMCID: PMC8748246 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) pathway modulates the immune system in response to kynurenine, an endogenous tryptophan metabolite. IDO1 and TDO2 catalyze kynurenine production, which promotes cancer progression by compromising host immunosurveillance. However, it is unclear whether the AHR activation regulates the malignant traits of cancer such as metastatic capability or cancer stemness. Here, we carried out systematic analyses of metabolites in patient-derived colorectal cancer spheroids, and identified high levels of kynurenine and TDO2 that were positively associated with liver metastasis. In a mouse colon cancer model, TDO2 expression substantially enhanced liver metastasis, induced AHR-mediated PD-L1 transactivation, and dampened immune responses; these changes were all abolished by PD-L1 knockout. In patient-derived cancer spheroids, TDO2 or AHR activity was required for not only the expression of PD-L1, but also for cancer stem cell (CSC)-related characteristics and Wnt signaling. TDO2 was coexpressed with both PD-L1 and nuclear β-catenin in colon xenograft tumors, and the coexpression of TDO2 and PD-L1 was observed in clinical colon cancer specimens. Thus, our data indicate that the activation of the TDO2-kynurenine-AHR pathway facilitates liver metastasis of colon cancer via PD-L1-mediated immune evasion and maintenance of stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Miyazaki
- Division of Cancer Differentiation.,Department of Biochemistry, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Suyoun Chung
- Division of Cancer Differentiation.,OncoTherapy Science, Inc, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Yukihiro Mizoguchi
- Fundamental Innovative Oncology Core, National Cancer Center Research Institute
| | - Takashi Kubo
- Fundamental Innovative Oncology Core, National Cancer Center Research Institute
| | - Hitoshi Ichikawa
- Fundamental Innovative Oncology Core, National Cancer Center Research Institute
| | - Hirokazu Taniguchi
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital
| | - Kazunori Aoki
- Fundamental Innovative Oncology Core, National Cancer Center Research Institute
| | | | | | - Koji Okamoto
- Division of Cancer Differentiation.,Lead contact
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107
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Boutry J, Tissot S, Ujvari B, Capp JP, Giraudeau M, Nedelcu AM, Thomas F. The evolution and ecology of benign tumors. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1877:188643. [PMID: 34715267 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumors are usually classified into two main categories - benign or malignant, with much more attention being devoted to the second category given that they are usually associated with more severe health issues (i.e., metastatic cancers). Here, we argue that the mechanistic distinction between benign and malignant tumors has narrowed our understanding of neoplastic processes. This review provides the first comprehensive discussion of benign tumors in the context of their evolution and ecology as well as interactions with their hosts. We compare the genetic and epigenetic profiles, cellular activities, and the involvement of viruses in benign and malignant tumors. We also address the impact of intra-tumoral cell composition and its relationship with the tumoral microenvironment. Lastly, we explore the differences in the distribution of benign and malignant neoplasia across the tree of life and provide examples on how benign tumors can also affect individual fitness and consequently the evolutionary trajectories of populations and species. Overall, our goal is to bring attention to the non-cancerous manifestations of tumors, at different scales, and to stimulate research on the evolutionary ecology of host-tumor interactions on a broader scale. Ultimately, we suggest that a better appreciation of the differences and similarities between benign and malignant tumors is fundamental to our understanding of malignancy both at mechanistic and evolutionary levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Boutry
- CREEC/CANECEV, MIVEGEC (CREES), University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Tissot
- CREEC/CANECEV, MIVEGEC (CREES), University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Beata Ujvari
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin, University, Vic., Australia
| | - Jean-Pascal Capp
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute, University of Toulouse, INSA, CNRS, INRAE, Toulouse, France
| | - Mathieu Giraudeau
- CREEC/CANECEV, MIVEGEC (CREES), University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France; LIENSs, UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Aurora M Nedelcu
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Frédéric Thomas
- CREEC/CANECEV, MIVEGEC (CREES), University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France.
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108
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Ohshima K, Oi R, Nojima S, Morii E. Mitochondria govern histone acetylation in colorectal cancer. J Pathol 2021; 256:164-173. [PMID: 34698384 DOI: 10.1002/path.5818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells have an altered metabolic state that supports their growth, for example, aerobic glycolysis, known as the Warburg effect. Colorectal cancer cells have been reported to exhibit the Warburg effect and mainly rely on glycolysis for progression and have dysfunctional mitochondria. So far, how mitochondrial function influences the properties of colorectal cancer cells is unclear. Here, we demonstrated that mitochondria maintain histone acetylation, in particular acetylated histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27ac), a surrogate epigenomic marker of active super-enhancers, in colorectal cancer cells. Immunohistochemistry was used on human colorectal adenocarcinoma specimens and showed that mitochondrial mass and H3K27ac marks were increased in adenocarcinoma lesions compared with adjacent non-neoplastic mucosa. Immunoblotting after using inhibitors of the mitochondrial respiratory complex or mitochondrial DNA-depleted human colorectal cancer cells revealed that mitochondria maintained pan-histone acetylation and H3K27ac marks. Notably, anchorage-independent growth, a feature of cancer, increased mitochondrial mass and H3K27ac marks in human colorectal cancer cells. These findings indicate that mitochondria in human colorectal cancer cells are not dysfunctional, as formerly believed, but function as inducers of histone acetylation. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ohshima
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Ryo Oi
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nojima
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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109
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Czeczko LEA, Ribas CAPM, Czeczko NG, Skare TL, Yamakawa CK, Gionedis G, Vasconcelos C, Bremer FP, Castoldi DF, Gasser M, Waaga-Gasser AM. ARE STEM CELL MARKER EXPRESSION AND CD133 ANALYSIS RELEVANT TO DIFFERENTIATE COLORECTAL CANCER? ABCD-ARQUIVOS BRASILEIROS DE CIRURGIA DIGESTIVA 2021; 34:e1585. [PMID: 34669880 PMCID: PMC8521790 DOI: 10.1590/0102-672020210002e1585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background:
CD133 and AXL have been described as cancer stem cell markers, and c-MYC as a key regulatory cellular mechanism in colorectal cancer (CRC). Aim: Evaluate the prognostic role of the biomarkers CD133, AXL and c-MYC and their association with clinicopathologic characteristics in colorectal adenocarcinomas and adenomas. Methods:
A total of 156 patients with UICC stage I-IV adenocarcinomas (n=122) and adenomas (n=34) were analyzed. Tissue microarrays (TMA) from primary tumors and polyps for CD133, c-MYC and AXL expression were performed and analyzed for their significance with clinicopathologic characteristics. Results:
Poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas and disease progression were independent risk factors for poor overall survival. The median overall survival time was 30 months. Positive CD133 expression (35.9% of all cases), particularly of right-sided CRCs (44.8% of the CD133+ cases), was negatively correlated with death in the univariate analysis, which did not reach significance in the multivariate analysis. c-MYC (15.4% of all cases) was predominantly expressed in advanced-stage patients with distant (non-pulmonary/non-hepatic) metastasis. AXL expression was found only occasionally, and predominantly dominated in adenomas, with less penetrance in high-grade dysplasia. Conclusions:
CD133 expression was not associated with inferior overall survival in CRC. While AXL showed inconclusive results, c-MYC expression in primary CRCs was associated with distant metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicolau Gregori Czeczko
- Mackenzie Evangelical Faculty of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,University Evangelical Mackenzie Hospital, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Fabiola Pabst Bremer
- Mackenzie Evangelical Faculty of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,University Evangelical Mackenzie Hospital, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Diogo Francesco Castoldi
- Mackenzie Evangelical Faculty of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,University Evangelical Mackenzie Hospital, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Martin Gasser
- Mackenzie Evangelical Faculty of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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110
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Seo JY, Bae JH, Kwak MS, Yang JI, Chung SJ, Yim JY, Lim SH, Chung GE. The Risk of Colorectal Adenoma in Nonalcoholic or Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1401. [PMID: 34680518 PMCID: PMC8533199 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of liver disease associated with various metabolic disorders. Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) emphasizes metabolic dysfunction in NAFLD. Although the relationship between NAFLD and colorectal adenomas has been suggested, the effect of MAFLD on colorectal adenoma has yet to be investigated. In this study, we examined the relationship between NAFLD/MAFLD and colorectal adenoma in comparison with other metabolic factors. METHODS Examinees who underwent colonoscopy and abdominal ultrasonography on the same day from January 2012 to December 2012 were included. NAFLD was diagnosed according to the findings of ultrasonography. The Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index was used as a surrogate marker for advanced hepatic fibrosis. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk of NAFLD/MAFLD for colorectal adenoma. RESULTS The prevalence of NAFLD and MAFLD was 37.5% and 32.8%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, male sex, older age, diabetes, and smoking increased the risk of colorectal adenoma. NAFLD and MAFLD were the most important risk factors for colorectal adenoma only in females [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.43 and 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-2.03, and OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.09-2.20, respectively]. NAFLD and MAFLD with an advanced fibrosis index were significantly associated with an increased risk of colorectal adenoma. (NAFLD: OR 1.38, 95% CI, 1.04-1.83, p = 0.027; MAFLD: OR 1.45, 95% CI, 1.13-1.96, p = 0.004, respectively). CONCLUSION NAFLD and MAFLD were significantly associated with a higher risk of colorectal adenomas, especially in females. NAFLD and MAFLD with advanced fibrosis were associated with an increased risk of colorectal adenoma. Colonoscopic examinations may be emphasized for patients with NAFLD/MAFLD, for women, or patients with the presence of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Goh-Eun Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine and Healthcare Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, 39FL., Gangnam Finance Center 737, Yeoksam-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-984, Korea; (J.-Y.S.); (J.-H.B.); (M.-S.K.); (J.-I.Y.); (S.-J.C.); (J.-Y.Y.); (S.-H.L.)
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111
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New Advances in Tissue Metabolomics: A Review. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11100672. [PMID: 34677387 PMCID: PMC8541552 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics offers a hypothesis-generating approach for biomarker discovery in clinical medicine while also providing better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of chronic diseases. Clinical metabolomic studies largely rely on human biofluids (e.g., plasma, urine) as a more convenient specimen type for investigation. However, biofluids are non-organ specific reflecting complex biochemical processes throughout the body, which may complicate biochemical interpretations. For these reasons, tissue metabolomic studies enable deeper insights into aberrant metabolism occurring at the direct site of disease pathogenesis. This review highlights new advances in metabolomics for ex vivo analysis, as well as in situ imaging of tissue specimens, including diverse tissue types from animal models and human participants. Moreover, we discuss key pre-analytical and post-analytical challenges in tissue metabolomics for robust biomarker discovery with a focus on new methodological advances introduced over the past six years, including innovative clinical applications for improved screening, diagnostic testing, and therapeutic interventions for cancer.
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112
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Agapito G, Cannataro M. Using BioPAX-Parser (BiP) to enrich lists of genes or proteins with pathway data. BMC Bioinformatics 2021; 22:376. [PMID: 34592927 PMCID: PMC8482563 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-021-04297-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathway enrichment analysis (PEA) is a well-established methodology for interpreting a list of genes and proteins of interest related to a condition under investigation. This paper aims to extend our previous work in which we introduced a preliminary comparative analysis of pathway enrichment analysis tools. We extended the earlier work by providing more case studies, comparing BiP enrichment performance with other well-known PEA software tools. METHODS PEA uses pathway information to discover connections between a list of genes and proteins as well as biological mechanisms, helping researchers to overcome the problem of explaining biological entity lists of interest disconnected from the biological context. RESULTS We compared the results of BiP with some existing pathway enrichment analysis tools comprising Centrality-based Pathway Enrichment, pathDIP, and Signaling Pathway Impact Analysis, considering three cancer types (colorectal, endometrial, and thyroid), for a total of six datasets (that is, two datasets per cancer type) obtained from the The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. We measured the similarities between the overlap of the enrichment results obtained using each couple of cancer datasets related to the same cancer. CONCLUSION As a result, BiP identified some well-known pathways related to the investigated cancer type, validated by the available literature. We also used the Jaccard and meet-min indices to evaluate the stability and the similarity between the enrichment results obtained from each couple of cancer datasets. The obtained results show that BiP provides more stable enrichment results than other tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Agapito
- Department of Legal, Economic and Social Sciences, University "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy. .,Data Analytics Research Center, University "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Mario Cannataro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy. .,Data Analytics Research Center, University "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy.
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113
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Zhang Y, Pan M, Li CY, Li JY, Ge W, Xu L, Xiao Y. Exploration of the typical features of tubulovillous adenoma using in-depth quantitative proteomics analysis. Bioengineered 2021; 12:6831-6843. [PMID: 34585630 PMCID: PMC8806592 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1971036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This present study aimed to explore the typical protein features of tubulovillous adenoma (TVA) using proteomic and bioinformatic analyses. Tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomic analyses were conducted on normal mucosa, tubular adenoma, TVA and adenocarcinoma tissues. We identified 5,665 proteins categorized into seven clusters based on Pearson’s correlation analysis. The bioinfomatic analysis showed mitochondrial and metabolism-related events were typical characteristics of TVA and mitochondrial-, ribosome- and matrisome-related biological processes may contribute to carcinogenesis. PLOD3 was identified as a key protein associated with the malignant potential of TVA and promoted the viability of adenoma organoids. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) analysis revealed PLOD3 as a risk factor for disease-free and overall survival. Furthermore, the PLOD3 expression correlated negatively with the abundance of B cells, CD8 + T cells, CD4 + T cells, neutrophils, macrophages and myeloid dendritic cells. In conclusion, enhanced metabolic and mitochondrial reprogramming are typical features of TVA, and PLOD3 might be related to the “immune desert” phenotype and contribute to TVA tumorigenesis and colorectal cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Colorectal Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lai Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Colorectal Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Colorectal Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Saito R, Hirayama A, Akiba A, Kamei Y, Kato Y, Ikeda S, Kwan B, Pu M, Natarajan L, Shinjo H, Akiyama S, Tomita M, Soga T, Maruyama S. Urinary Metabolome Analyses of Patients with Acute Kidney Injury Using Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry. Metabolites 2021; 11:671. [PMID: 34677386 PMCID: PMC8540909 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined as a rapid decline in kidney function. The associated syndromes may lead to increased morbidity and mortality, but its early detection remains difficult. Using capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CE-TOFMS), we analyzed the urinary metabolomic profile of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) after invasive surgery. Urine samples were collected at six time points: before surgery, at ICU admission and 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after. First, urine samples from 61 initial patients (non-AKI: 23, mild AKI: 24, severe AKI: 14) were measured, followed by the measurement of urine samples from 60 additional patients (non-AKI: 40, mild AKI: 20). Glycine and ethanolamine were decreased in patients with AKI compared with non-AKI patients at 6-24 h in the two groups. The linear statistical model constructed at each time point by machine learning achieved the best performance at 24 h (median AUC, area under the curve: 89%, cross-validated) for the 1st group. When cross-validated between the two groups, the AUC showed the best value of 70% at 12 h. These results identified metabolites and time points that show patterns specific to subjects who develop AKI, paving the way for the development of better biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rintaro Saito
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka 997-0052, Japan; (A.H.); (A.A.); (Y.K.); (Y.K.); (S.I.); (M.T.); (T.S.)
| | - Akiyoshi Hirayama
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka 997-0052, Japan; (A.H.); (A.A.); (Y.K.); (Y.K.); (S.I.); (M.T.); (T.S.)
| | - Arisa Akiba
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka 997-0052, Japan; (A.H.); (A.A.); (Y.K.); (Y.K.); (S.I.); (M.T.); (T.S.)
| | - Yushi Kamei
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka 997-0052, Japan; (A.H.); (A.A.); (Y.K.); (Y.K.); (S.I.); (M.T.); (T.S.)
| | - Yuyu Kato
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka 997-0052, Japan; (A.H.); (A.A.); (Y.K.); (Y.K.); (S.I.); (M.T.); (T.S.)
| | - Satsuki Ikeda
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka 997-0052, Japan; (A.H.); (A.A.); (Y.K.); (Y.K.); (S.I.); (M.T.); (T.S.)
| | - Brian Kwan
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (B.K.); (M.P.); (L.N.)
| | - Minya Pu
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (B.K.); (M.P.); (L.N.)
| | - Loki Natarajan
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (B.K.); (M.P.); (L.N.)
| | - Hibiki Shinjo
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan; (H.S.); (S.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Shin’ichi Akiyama
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan; (H.S.); (S.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Masaru Tomita
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka 997-0052, Japan; (A.H.); (A.A.); (Y.K.); (Y.K.); (S.I.); (M.T.); (T.S.)
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka 997-0052, Japan; (A.H.); (A.A.); (Y.K.); (Y.K.); (S.I.); (M.T.); (T.S.)
| | - Shoichi Maruyama
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan; (H.S.); (S.A.); (S.M.)
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Prieto TG, Baldavira CM, Machado-Rugolo J, Farhat C, Olivieri EHR, de Sá VK, da Silva ECA, Balancin ML, Ab Saber AM, Takagaki TY, Cordeiro de Lima VC, Capelozzi VL. Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Neoplasms Overexpressing Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Mechanical Barriers Genes Lack Immune-Suppressive Response and Present an Increased Risk of Metastasis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:645623. [PMID: 34527572 PMCID: PMC8435885 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.645623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Typical carcinoids (TC), atypical carcinoids (AC), large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNEC), and small cell lung carcinomas (SCLC) encompass a bimodal spectrum of metastatic tumors with morphological, histological and histogenesis differences, The hierarchical structure reveals high cohesiveness between neoplastic cells by mechanical desmosomes barrier assembly in carcinoid tumors and LCNEC, while SCLC does not present an organoid arrangement in morphology, the neoplastic cells are less cohesive. However, the molecular mechanisms that lead to PNENs metastasis remain largely unknown and require further study. In this work, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) transcription factors were evaluated using a set of twenty-four patients with surgically resected PNENs, including carcinomas. Twelve EMT transcription factors (BMP1, BMP7, CALD1, CDH1, COL3A1, COL5A2, EGFR, ERBB3, PLEK2, SNAI2, STEAP1, and TCF4) proved to be highly expressed among carcinomas and downregulated in carcinoid tumors, whereas upregulation of BMP1, CDH2, KRT14 and downregulation of CAV2, DSC2, IL1RN occurred in both histological subtypes. These EMT transcription factors identified were involved in proliferative signals, epithelium desmosomes assembly, and cell motility sequential steps that support PNENs invasion and metastasis in localized surgically resected primary tumor. We used a two-stage design where we first examined the candidate EMT transcription factors using a whole-genome screen, and subsequently, confirmed EMT-like changes by transmission electron microscopy and then, the EMT-related genes that were differentially expressed among PNENs subtypes were predicted through a Metascape analysis by in silico approach. A high expression of these EMT transcription factors was significantly associated with lymph node and distant metastasis. The sequential steps for invasion and metastasis were completed by an inverse association between functional barrier created by PD-L1 immunosuppressive molecule and EMT transcriptional factors. Our study implicates upregulation of EMT transcription factors to high proliferation rates, mechanical molecular barriers disassembly and increased cancer cell motility, as a critical molecular event leading to metastasis risk in PNENs thus emerging as a promising tool to select and customize therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juliana Machado-Rugolo
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Health Technology Assessment Center (NATS), Clinical Hospital (HCFMB), Medical School of São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Cecília Farhat
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Karen de Sá
- International Center of Research/CIPE, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Luiz Balancin
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Teresa Yae Takagaki
- Division of Pneumology, Instituto do Coração (Incor), Medical School of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vladmir Cláudio Cordeiro de Lima
- Oncology, Rede D'Or São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vera Luiza Capelozzi
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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PTPN18 promotes colorectal cancer progression by regulating the c-MYC-CDK4 axis. Genes Dis 2021; 8:838-848. [PMID: 34522712 PMCID: PMC8427258 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 18 (PTPN18) is often highly expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC), but its role in this disease remains unclear. We demonstrated that PTPN18 overexpression promotes growth and tumorigenesis in CRC cells and that PTPN18 deficiency yields the opposite results in vitro. Moreover, a xenograft assay showed that PTPN18 deficiency significantly inhibited tumorigenesis in vivo. PTPN18 activated the MYC signaling pathway and enhanced CDK4 expression, which is tightly associated with the cell cycle and proliferation in cancer cells. Finally, we found that MYC interacted with PTPN18 and increased the protein level of MYC. In conclusion, our results suggest that PTPN18 promotes CRC development by stabilizing the MYC protein level, which in turn activates the MYC-CDK4 axis. Thus, PTPN18 could be a novel therapeutic target in the future.
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117
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Genetic Mutations and Non-Coding RNA-Based Epigenetic Alterations Mediating the Warburg Effect in Colorectal Carcinogenesis. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10090847. [PMID: 34571724 PMCID: PMC8472255 DOI: 10.3390/biology10090847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) development is a gradual process defined by the accumulation of numerous genetic mutations and epigenetic alterations leading to the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Despite significant advances in the diagnosis and treatment of CRC, it continues to be a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Even in the presence of oxygen, CRC cells bypass oxidative phosphorylation to produce metabolites that enable them to proliferate and survive-a phenomenon known as the "Warburg effect". Understanding the complex glucose metabolism in CRC cells may support the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Here we discuss the most recent findings on genetic mutations and epigenetic modulations that may positively or negatively regulate the Warburg effect in CRC cells. We focus on the non-coding RNA (ncRNA)-based epigenetics, and we present a perspective on the therapeutic relevance of critical molecules and ncRNAs mediating the Warburg effect in CRC cells. All the relevant studies were identified and assessed according to the genes and enzymes mediating the Warburg effect. The findings summarized in this review should provide a better understanding of the relevance of genetic mutations and the ncRNA-based epigenetic alterations to CRC pathogenesis to help overcome chemoresistance.
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118
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Kanai Y. Amino acid transporter LAT1 (SLC7A5) as a molecular target for cancer diagnosis and therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 230:107964. [PMID: 34390745 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells require a massive supply of nutrients, including sugars and amino acids-the upregulation of transporters for each nutrient contributes to meet the demand. Distinct from glucose transporters, amino acid transporters include ones whose expression is specific to cancer cells. For example, LAT1 (SLC7A5) displays protein expression mostly limited to the plasma membrane of cancer cells. The exceptions are the placental barrier and the blood-brain barrier, where immunohistochemical and mass spectrometric studies have shown LAT1 expression, although their levels are supposed to be lower than those in cancers. The expression of LAT1 has been reported in cancers from various tissue origins, where high LAT1 expression is related to the poor prognosis of patients. LAT1 is essential for cancer cell growth because the pharmacologic inhibition and knockdown/knockout of LAT1 suppress the proliferation of cancer cells and the growth of xenograft tumors. The inhibition of LAT1 suppresses protein synthesis by downregulating the mTORC1 signaling pathway and mobilizing the general amino acid control (GAAC) pathway in cancer cells. LAT1 is, thus, a candidate molecular target for the diagnosis and therapeutics of cancers. 18F-labeled 3-fluoro-l-α-methyl-tyrosine (FAMT) is used as a LAT1-specific PET probe for cancer detection due to the LAT1 specificity of α-methyl aromatic amino acids. FAMT accumulation is cancer-specific and avoids non-cancer lesions, including inflammation, confirming the cancer-specific expression of LAT1 in humans. Due to the cancer-specific nature, LAT1 can also be used for cancer-specific delivery of anti-tumor agents such as l-para-boronophenylalanine used for boron neutron capture therapy and α-emitting nuclide-labeled LAT1 substrates developed for nuclear medicine treatment. Based on the importance of LAT1 in cancer progression, high-affinity LAT1-specific inhibitors have been developed for anti-tumor drugs. JPH203 (KYT0353) is such a compound designed based on the structure-activity relationship of LAT1 ligands. It is one of the highest-affinity inhibitors with less affecting other transporters. It suppresses tumor growth in vivo without significant toxicity in preclinical studies at doses enough to suppress tumor growth. In the phase-I clinical trial, JPH203 appeared to provide promising activity. Because the mechanisms of action of LAT1 inhibitors are novel, with or without combination with other anti-tumor drugs, they could contribute to the treatment of cancers that do not respond to current therapy. The LAT1-specific PET probe could also be used as companion diagnostics of the LAT1-targeting therapies to select patients to whom therapeutic benefits could be expected. Recently, the cryo-EM structure of LAT1 has been solved, which would facilitate the understanding of the mechanisms of the dynamic interaction of ligands and the binding site, and further designing new compounds with higher activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikatsu Kanai
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Jahangiri L, Pucci P, Ishola T, Trigg RM, Williams JA, Pereira J, Cavanagh ML, Turner SD, Gkoutos GV, Tsaprouni L. The Contribution of Autophagy and LncRNAs to MYC-Driven Gene Regulatory Networks in Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168527. [PMID: 34445233 PMCID: PMC8395220 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MYC is a target of the Wnt signalling pathway and governs numerous cellular and developmental programmes hijacked in cancers. The amplification of MYC is a frequently occurring genetic alteration in cancer genomes, and this transcription factor is implicated in metabolic reprogramming, cell death, and angiogenesis in cancers. In this review, we analyse MYC gene networks in solid cancers. We investigate the interaction of MYC with long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Furthermore, we investigate the role of MYC regulatory networks in inducing changes to cellular processes, including autophagy and mitophagy. Finally, we review the interaction and mutual regulation between MYC and lncRNAs, and autophagic processes and analyse these networks as unexplored areas of targeting and manipulation for therapeutic gain in MYC-driven malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Jahangiri
- Department of Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham B15 3TN, UK; (L.J.); (T.I.); (M.L.C.)
| | - Perla Pucci
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (P.P.); (S.D.T.)
| | - Tala Ishola
- Department of Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham B15 3TN, UK; (L.J.); (T.I.); (M.L.C.)
| | - Ricky M. Trigg
- Department of Functional Genomics, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK;
| | - John A. Williams
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK; (J.A.W.); (G.V.G.)
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2SY, UK
| | - Joao Pereira
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Megan L. Cavanagh
- Department of Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham B15 3TN, UK; (L.J.); (T.I.); (M.L.C.)
| | - Suzanne D. Turner
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (P.P.); (S.D.T.)
- CEITEC, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Georgios V. Gkoutos
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK; (J.A.W.); (G.V.G.)
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2SY, UK
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
- MRC Health Data Research, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Loukia Tsaprouni
- Department of Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham B15 3TN, UK; (L.J.); (T.I.); (M.L.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Wang G, Yu Y, Wang YZ, Yin PH, Xu K, Zhang H. The effects and mechanisms of isoliquiritigenin loaded nanoliposomes regulated AMPK/mTOR mediated glycolysis in colorectal cancer. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 48:1231-1249. [PMID: 32985258 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2020.1825092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, isoliquiritigenin (ISL) incorporated nanoliposomes were prepared and their effects on colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines were investigated. Herein, we sought to explore the anti-cancer mechanisms of ISL loaded nanoliposomes (ISL-NLs) on AMP-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (AMPK/mTOR) pathways mediated glycolysis. Also, the key targets such as caveolin 1 (CAV1), glucose transporters and Akt/mTOR that promote glycolysis, and are activated via the induction of α-enolase (ENO1), fructose bisphosphate aldolase A (ALDOA) and monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) expressions were also investigated. It was shown that ISL-NLs significantly suppressed the proliferation and glucose uptake of CRC cell by potentially regulating the glycolysis and lactate targets as well as pathways that formed the basis of the anti-CRC effects of ISL-NLs. The mechanism underlying this effect was further validated via the regulation of some key targets such as ENO1, ALDOA, lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and MCT4 in glycolysis coupled with cellular myelocytomatosis oncogene (c-myc), hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) in protein kinase B/mTOR (Akt/mTOR) pathways. Moreover, the AMPK proteins were identified to be up-regulated while the lactic acid production was suppressed by ISL-NLs in the CRC cells, indicating that ISL-NLs had an inhibitory effect on AMPK mediated glycolysis and lactate production. Altogether, these results have provided insights into the mechanism underlying the key role that liposomal ISL played in the multiple inhibition of AMPK and Akt/mTOR mediated glycolysis and lactate generation, which may be regulated as the alternative metabolic pathways of CRC as well as serve as adjuvant therapy for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang City, China
| | - Yu-Zhu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang City, China
| | - Pei-Hao Yin
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Lishui District People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Kerk SA, Papagiannakopoulos T, Shah YM, Lyssiotis CA. Metabolic networks in mutant KRAS-driven tumours: tissue specificities and the microenvironment. Nat Rev Cancer 2021; 21:510-525. [PMID: 34244683 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00375-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenic mutations in KRAS drive common metabolic programmes that facilitate tumour survival, growth and immune evasion in colorectal carcinoma, non-small-cell lung cancer and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. However, the impacts of mutant KRAS signalling on malignant cell programmes and tumour properties are also dictated by tumour suppressor losses and physiological features specific to the cell and tissue of origin. Here we review convergent and disparate metabolic networks regulated by oncogenic mutant KRAS in colon, lung and pancreas tumours, with an emphasis on co-occurring mutations and the role of the tumour microenvironment. Furthermore, we explore how these networks can be exploited for therapeutic gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Kerk
- Doctoral Program in Cancer Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thales Papagiannakopoulos
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yatrik M Shah
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Yin K, Lee J, Liu Z, Kim H, Martin DR, Wu D, Liu M, Xue X. Mitophagy protein PINK1 suppresses colon tumor growth by metabolic reprogramming via p53 activation and reducing acetyl-CoA production. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:2421-2435. [PMID: 33723373 PMCID: PMC8329176 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00760-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the US. Understanding the mechanisms of CRC progression is essential to improve treatment. Mitochondria is the powerhouse for healthy cells. However, in tumor cells, less energy is produced by the mitochondria and metabolic reprogramming is an early hallmark of cancer. The metabolic differences between normal and cancer cells are being interrogated to uncover new therapeutic approaches. Mitochondria targeting PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) is a key regulator of mitophagy, the selective elimination of damaged mitochondria by autophagy. Defective mitophagy is increasingly associated with various diseases including CRC. However, a significant gap exists in our understanding of how PINK1-dependent mitophagy participates in the metabolic regulation of CRC. By mining Oncomine, we found that PINK1 expression was downregulated in human CRC tissues compared to normal colons. Moreover, disruption of PINK1 increased colon tumorigenesis in two colitis-associated CRC mouse models, suggesting that PINK1 functions as a tumor suppressor in CRC. PINK1 overexpression in murine colon tumor cells promoted mitophagy, decreased glycolysis and increased mitochondrial respiration potentially via activation of p53 signaling pathways. In contrast, PINK1 deletion decreased apoptosis, increased glycolysis, and reduced mitochondrial respiration and p53 signaling. Interestingly, PINK1 overexpression in vivo increased apoptotic cell death and suppressed colon tumor xenograft growth. Metabolomic analysis revealed that acetyl-CoA was significantly reduced in tumors with PINK1 overexpression, which was partly due to activation of the HIF-1α-pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) kinase 1 (PDHK1)-PDHE1α axis. Strikingly, treating mice with acetate increased acetyl-CoA levels and rescued PINK1-suppressed tumor growth. Importantly, PINK1 disruption simultaneously increased xenografted tumor growth and acetyl-CoA production. In conclusion, mitophagy protein PINK1 suppresses colon tumor growth by metabolic reprogramming and reducing acetyl-CoA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunlun Yin
- grid.266832.b0000 0001 2188 8502Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - Jordan Lee
- grid.266832.b0000 0001 2188 8502Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - Zhaoli Liu
- grid.266832.b0000 0001 2188 8502Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - Hyeoncheol Kim
- grid.266832.b0000 0001 2188 8502Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - David R. Martin
- grid.266832.b0000 0001 2188 8502Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - Dandan Wu
- grid.266832.b0000 0001 2188 8502Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - Meilian Liu
- grid.266832.b0000 0001 2188 8502Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - Xiang Xue
- grid.266832.b0000 0001 2188 8502Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
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Wang S, Gu L, Huang L, Fang J, Liu Z, Xu Q. The upregulation of PYCR2 is associated with aggressive colon cancer progression and a poor prognosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 572:20-26. [PMID: 34332325 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.07.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PYCR2 has previously been shown to be related to a range of malignancies including hepatocellular carcinoma and melanoma, but its mechanistic functions and prognostic relevance in colon cancer patients remain to be defined. Herein, we used the Oncomine, Human Protein Atlas, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and UALCAN databases to explore the expression of this gene in different human cancer, after which the relationship between PYCR2 expression and patient clinicopathologic characteristics was evaluated. We utilized an in vitro approach to evaluate the association between PYCR2 expression and colon cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumor microsphere formation. The cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) approaches were additionally used to probe signaling pathways related to PYCR2. These analyses confirmed that PYCR2 was upregulated in several cancer types including colon cancer, with such upregulation correlating with a poor patient prognosis and with malignant clinicopathological characteristics. PYCR2 expression was identified as an independent predictor of colon cancer patients' survival, and in vitro analyses suggested that knocking down this gene was sufficient to disrupt the proliferative, migratory, invasive, and microsphere formation activities of colon cancer cells. Moreover, shPYCR2 transfection induced colon cancer cell apoptosis. GSEA suggested that high PYCR2 expression correlates with the differential enrichment of the Wnt β-catenin signaling, MYC targets, RNA polymerase, and Notch signaling pathways. Overall, these data indicate that PYCR2 is an important mediator of tumor progression and metastasis, and suggest that it may be a valuable prognostic indicator for colon cancer patient evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitong Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Linaer Gu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Huang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Juemin Fang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuqing Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
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Ala M. Tryptophan metabolites modulate inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer by affecting immune system. Int Rev Immunol 2021; 41:326-345. [PMID: 34289794 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2021.1954638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tryptophan is an essential amino acid, going through three different metabolic pathways in the intestines. Indole pathway in the gut microbiota, serotonin system in the enterochromaffin cells and kynurenine pathway in the immune cells and intestinal lining are the three arms of tryptophan metabolism in the intestines. Clinical, in vivo and in vitro studies showed that each one of these arms has a significant impact on IBD. This review explains how different metabolites of tryptophan are involved in the pathophysiology of IBD and colorectal cancer, as a major complication of IBD. Indole metabolites alleviate colitis and protect against colorectal cancer while serotonin arm follows a more complicated and receptor-specific pattern. Indole metabolites and kynurenine interact with aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) to induce T regulatory cells differentiation, confine Th17 and Th1 response and produce anti-inflammatory mediators. Kynurenine decreases tumor-infiltrating CD8+ cells and mediates tumor cells immune evasion. Serotonin system also increases colorectal cancer cells proliferation and metastasis while, indole metabolites can profoundly decrease colorectal cancer growth. Targeted therapy for tryptophan metabolites may improve the management of IBD and colorectal cancer, e.g. supplementation of indole metabolites such as indole-3-carbinol (I3C), inhibition of kynurenine monooxygenase (KMO) and selective stimulation or inhibition of specific serotonergic receptors can mitigate colitis. Furthermore, it will be explained how indole metabolites supplementation, inhibition of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), KMO and serotonin receptors can protect against colorectal cancer. Additionally, extensive molecular interactions between tryptophan metabolites and intracellular signaling pathways will be thoroughly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Ala
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Li C, Li K, Xu X, Qi W, Hu X, Jin P. A pilot study for colorectal carcinoma screening by instant metabolomic profiles using conductive polymer spray ionization mass spectrometry. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166210. [PMID: 34246751 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rapid and accurate discrimination of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and polyps at the molecular level enables early intervention of CRC, which can greatly improve the 5-year survival rate of patients. Here we reported the potential of conductive polymer spray ionization mass spectrometry (CPSI-MS) in successfully screening CRC according to the serum metabolic profile. METHODS Trace intravenous blood (50 μL) was collected from 60 colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and 60 polyp patients, respectively. After centrifugation, serum (2 μL) was loaded onto the tip of conductive polymer to form a dried serum spot. When the 5 μL methanol-water (1:1, v/v) extraction solvent was spiked onto the dried serum spot followed with +4.5 kV high voltage applied on the polymer tip, the extracted components will be ionized and carried into the MS system for direct metabolic profiling. FINDINGS There were 51 metabolites discovered to be significantly changed in CRC serum compared to polyps. Combining these metabolites as the characteristic panel, the ideal diagnostic performance was achieved by Lasso regression model with the accuracy of 88.3%. INTERPRETATION This pilot study demonstrated the potential of CPSI-MS as a cost-effective tool in large-scale CRC screening in the high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, China; National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, China; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Assessment of Clinical Drugs Risk and Individual Application (Beijing Hospital), Beijing 100730, China
| | - Kexin Li
- National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, China; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, China; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Wenyuan Qi
- National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, China; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, China; National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, China; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Assessment of Clinical Drugs Risk and Individual Application (Beijing Hospital), Beijing 100730, China
| | - Pengfei Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, China; National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, China; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Assessment of Clinical Drugs Risk and Individual Application (Beijing Hospital), Beijing 100730, China.
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Ye Z, Li Y, Xie J, Feng Z, Yang X, Wu Y, Pu Y, Gao J, Xu X, Zhu Z, Li W, Chen W, Xing C. Integrated bioinformatics identifies the dysregulation induced by aberrant gene methylation in colorectal carcinoma. Genes Dis 2021; 8:521-530. [PMID: 34179314 PMCID: PMC8209361 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the most common cancers, and is associated with a poor clinical outcome. The key genes and potential prognostic markers in colorectal carcinoma remain to be identified and explored for clinical application. DNA expression/methylation profiles were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify differentially expressed/methylated genes (DEGs and DEMs). A total of 255 genes and 372 genes were identified as being up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively, in GSE113513, GSE81558, and GSE89076. There were a total of 3350 hypermethylated genes and 443 hypomethylated genes identified in GSE48684. Twenty genes were found to be hypermethylated as well as down-regulated, and a functional enrichment analysis revealed that these genes were mainly involved in cancer-related pathways. Among these 20 genes, GPM6A, HAND2 and C2orf40 were related to poor outcomes in cancer patients based on a survival analysis. Concurrent decreases of GPM6A, HAND2 and C2orf40 protein expression were observed in highly-differentiated colorectal carcinoma tissues, and higher expression levels were found in undifferentiated or minimally-differentiated colorectal carcinoma tissues. In conclusion, 20 genes were found to be downregulated and hypermethylated in CRC, among which GPM6A, HAND2 and C2orf40 were explored for their potential prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jiaming Xie
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Feng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, PR China
| | - Yong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, PR China
| | - Yuwei Pu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, PR China
| | - Jiawei Gao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, PR China
| | - Xiangrong Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, PR China
| | - Zhaobi Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, PR China
| | - Chungen Xing
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, PR China
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TGF-β-dependent reprogramming of amino acid metabolism induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition in non-small cell lung cancers. Commun Biol 2021; 4:782. [PMID: 34168290 PMCID: PMC8225889 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02323-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)—a fundamental process in embryogenesis and wound healing—promotes tumor metastasis and resistance to chemotherapy. While studies have identified signaling components and transcriptional factors responsible in the TGF-β-dependent EMT, whether and how intracellular metabolism is integrated with EMT remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we showed that TGF-β induces reprogramming of intracellular amino acid metabolism, which is necessary to promote EMT in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Combined metabolome and transcriptome analysis identified prolyl 4-hydroxylase α3 (P4HA3), an enzyme implicated in cancer metabolism, to be upregulated during TGF-β stimulation. Further, knockdown of P4HA3 diminished TGF-β-dependent changes in amino acids, EMT, and tumor metastasis. Conversely, manipulation of extracellular amino acids induced EMT-like responses without TGF-β stimulation. These results suggest a previously unappreciated requirement for the reprogramming of amino acid metabolism via P4HA3 for TGF-β-dependent EMT and implicate a P4HA3 inhibitor as a potential therapeutic agent for cancer. Through metabolome and transcriptome analyses, Nakasuka et al find that TGF-β-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in non-small cell lung cancer cells is associated with reprogramming of amino acid metabolism. They also identify P4HA3 as a key enzyme involved in these changes altogether providing insights into potential mechanisms of metastasis.
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Lv L, Yi Q, Yan Y, Chao F, Li M. SPNS2 Downregulation Induces EMT and Promotes Colorectal Cancer Metastasis via Activating AKT Signaling Pathway. Front Oncol 2021; 11:682773. [PMID: 34249729 PMCID: PMC8264774 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.682773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinster homologue 2 (SPNS2), a transporter of S1P (sphingosine-1-phosphate), has been reported to mediate immune response, vascular development, and pathologic processes of diseases such as cancer via S1P signaling pathways. However, its biological functions and expression profile in colorectal cancer (CRC) is elusive. In this study, we disclosed that SPNS2 expression, which was regulated by copy number variation and DNA methylation of its promoter, was dramatically upregulated in colon adenoma and CRC compared to normal tissues. However, its expression was lower in CRC than in colon adenoma, and low expression of SPN2 correlated with advanced T/M/N stage and poor prognosis in CRC. Ectopic expression of SPNS2 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, and metastasis in CRC cell lines, while silencing SPNS2 had the opposite effects. Meanwhile, measuring the intracellular and extracellular level of S1P after overexpression of SPNS2 pinpointed a S1P-independent model of SPNS2. Mechanically, SPNS2 led to PTEN upregulation and inactivation of Akt. Moreover, AKT inhibitor (MK2206) abrogated SPNS2 knockdown-induced promoting effects on the migration and invasion, while AKT activator (SC79) reversed the repression of migration and invasion by SPNS2 overexpression in CRC cells, confirming the pivotal role of AKT for SPNS2’s function. Collectively, our study demonstrated the suppressor role of SPNS2 during CRC metastasis, providing new insights into the pathology and molecular mechanisms of CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lv
- Department of Cancer Epigenetics Program, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qiyi Yi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Yan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Fengmei Chao
- Department of Cancer Epigenetics Program, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Igarashi K, Ota S, Kaneko M, Hirayama A, Enomoto M, Katumata K, Sugimoto M, Soga T. High-throughput screening of salivary polyamine markers for discrimination of colorectal cancer by multisegment injection capillary electrophoresis tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1652:462355. [PMID: 34233246 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Polyamine metabolites provide pathophysiological information on disease or therapeutic efficacy, yet rapid screening methods for these biomarkers are lacking. Here, we developed high-throughput polyamine metabolite profiling based on multisegment injection capillary electrophoresis triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (MSI-CE-MS/MS), which allows sequential 40-sample injection followed by electrophoretic separation and specific mass detection. To achieve consecutive analysis of polyamine samples, 1 M formic acid was used as the background electrolyte (BGE). The BGE spacer volume had an apparent effect on peak resolution among samples, and 20 nL was selected as the optimal volume. The use of polyamine isotopomers as the internal standard enabled the correction of matrix effects in MS detection. This method is sensitive, selective and quantitative, and its utility was demonstrated by screening polyamines in 359 salivary samples within 360 min, resulting in discrimination of colorectal cancer patients from noncancer controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Igarashi
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka 997-0052, Japan.
| | - Sana Ota
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka 997-0052, Japan.
| | - Miku Kaneko
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka 997-0052, Japan.
| | - Akiyoshi Hirayama
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka 997-0052, Japan.
| | - Masanobu Enomoto
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1, Nishijinjuku, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
| | - Kenji Katumata
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1, Nishijinjuku, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Sugimoto
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka 997-0052, Japan; Research and Development Center for Minimally Invasive Therapies, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1, Sinjuku, Tokyo 160-0022, Japan.
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka 997-0052, Japan; Faculty of Environmental Information Studies, Keio University, 5322 Endo, Fujisawa 252-0882, Japan.
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Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) Signaling in Glucose Metabolism in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126434. [PMID: 34208601 PMCID: PMC8234711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common aggressive carcinoma types worldwide, characterized by unfavorable curative effect and poor prognosis. Epidemiological data re-vealed that CRC risk is increased in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its serum components (e.g., hyperglycemia). High glycemic index diets, which chronically raise post-prandial blood glucose, may at least in part increase colon cancer risk via the insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling pathway. However, the underlying mechanisms linking IGF-1 and MetS are still poorly understood. Hyperactivated glucose uptake and aerobic glycolysis (the Warburg effect) are considered as a one of six hallmarks of cancer, including CRC. However, the role of insulin/IGF-1 signaling during the acquisition of the Warburg metabolic phenotypes by CRC cells is still poorly understood. It most likely results from the interaction of multiple processes, directly or indirectly regulated by IGF-1, such as activation of PI3K/Akt/mTORC, and Raf/MAPK signaling pathways, activation of glucose transporters (e.g., GLUT1), activation of key glycolytic enzymes (e.g., LDHA, LDH5, HK II, and PFKFB3), aberrant expression of the oncogenes (e.g., MYC, and KRAS) and/or overexpression of signaling proteins (e.g., HIF-1, TGF-β1, PI3K, ERK, Akt, and mTOR). This review describes the role of IGF-1 in glucose metabolism in physiology and colorectal carcinogenesis, including the role of the insulin/IGF system in the Warburg effect. Furthermore, current therapeutic strategies aimed at repairing impaired glucose metabolism in CRC are indicated.
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Metabolic Reprogramming of Colorectal Cancer Cells and the Microenvironment: Implication for Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126262. [PMID: 34200820 PMCID: PMC8230539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed carcinomas and one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Metabolic reprogramming, a hallmark of cancer, is closely related to the initiation and progression of carcinomas, including CRC. Accumulating evidence shows that activation of oncogenic pathways and loss of tumor suppressor genes regulate the metabolic reprogramming that is mainly involved in glycolysis, glutaminolysis, one-carbon metabolism and lipid metabolism. The abnormal metabolic program provides tumor cells with abundant energy, nutrients and redox requirements to support their malignant growth and metastasis, which is accompanied by impaired metabolic flexibility in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. The metabolic crosstalk between the tumor cells, the components of the TME and the intestinal microbiota further facilitates CRC cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis and leads to therapy resistance. Hence, to target the dysregulated tumor metabolism, the TME and the gut microbiota, novel preventive and therapeutic applications are required. In this review, the dysregulation of metabolic programs, molecular pathways, the TME and the intestinal microbiota in CRC is addressed. Possible therapeutic strategies, including metabolic inhibition and immune therapy in CRC, as well as modulation of the aberrant intestinal microbiota, are discussed.
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132
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Kong X, Liu C, Lu P, Guo Y, Zhao C, Yang Y, Bo Z, Wang F, Peng Y, Meng J. Combination of UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and Network Pharmacology to Reveal the Mechanism of Qizhen Decoction in the Treatment of Colon Cancer. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:14341-14360. [PMID: 34124457 PMCID: PMC8190929 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been utilized for the treatment of colon cancer. Qizhen decoction (QZD), a potential compound prescription of TCM, possesses multiple biological activities. It has been proven clinically effective in the treatment of colon cancer. However, the molecular mechanism of anticolon cancer activity is still not clear. This study aimed to identify the chemical composition of QZD. Furthermore, a collaborative analysis strategy of network pharmacology and cell biology was used to further explore the critical signaling pathway of QZD anticancer activity. First, ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) was performed to identify the chemical composition of QZD. Then, the chemical composition database of QZD was constructed based on a systematic literature search and review of chemical constituents. Moreover, the common and indirect targets of chemical components of QZD and colon cancer were searched by multiple databases. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the String database (https://www.string-db.org/). All of the targets were analyzed by Gene Oncology (GO) bioanalysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, and the visual network topology diagram of "Prescription-TCM-Chemical composition-Direct target-Indirect target-Pathway" was constructed by Cytoscape software (v3.7.1). The top molecular pathway ranked by statistical significance was further verified by molecular biology methods. The results of UPLC-Q-TOF/MS showed that QZD had 111 kinds of chemical components, of which 103 were unique components and 8 were common components. Ten pivotal targets of QZD in the treatment of colon cancer were screened by the PPI network. Targets of QZD involve many biological processes, such as the signaling pathway, immune system, gene expression, and so on. QZD may interfere with biological pathways such as cell replication, oxygen-containing compounds, or organic matter by protein binding, regulation of signal receptors or enzyme binding, and affect cytoplasm and membrane-bound organelles. The main antitumor core pathways were the apoptosis metabolic pathway, the PI3K-Akt signal pathway, and so on. Expression of the PI3K-Akt signal pathway was significantly downregulated after the intervention of QZD, which was closely related to the inhibition of proliferation and migration of colon cancer cells by cell biology methods. The present work may facilitate a better understanding of the effective components, therapeutic targets, biological processes, and signaling pathways of QZD in the treatment of colon cancer and provide useful information about the utilization of QZD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbin Kong
- Graduate
School, Tianjin University of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Chuanxin Liu
- School
of Chinese Materia Medical, Beijing University
of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Peng Lu
- State
Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yuzhu Guo
- Department
of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Chenchen Zhao
- Graduate
School, Tianjin University of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yuying Yang
- Graduate
School, Tianjin University of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zhichao Bo
- Graduate
School, Tianjin University of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Fangyuan Wang
- Graduate
School, Tianjin University of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yingying Peng
- Graduate
School, Tianjin University of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jingyan Meng
- College
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin
University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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133
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Kozawa K, Sekai M, Ohba K, Ito S, Sako H, Maruyama T, Kakeno M, Shirai T, Kuromiya K, Kamasaki T, Kohashi K, Tanaka S, Ishikawa S, Sato N, Asano S, Suzuki H, Tanimura N, Mukai Y, Gotoh N, Tanino M, Tanaka S, Natsuga K, Soga T, Nakamura T, Yabuta Y, Saitou M, Ito T, Matsuura K, Tsunoda M, Kikumori T, Iida T, Mizutani Y, Miyai Y, Kaibuchi K, Enomoto A, Fujita Y. The CD44/COL17A1 pathway promotes the formation of multilayered, transformed epithelia. Curr Biol 2021; 31:3086-3097.e7. [PMID: 34087104 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
At the early stage of cancer development, oncogenic mutations often cause multilayered epithelial structures. However, the underlying molecular mechanism still remains enigmatic. By performing a series of screenings targeting plasma membrane proteins, we have found that collagen XVII (COL17A1) and CD44 accumulate in RasV12-, Src-, or ErbB2-transformed epithelial cells. In addition, the expression of COL17A1 and CD44 is also regulated by cell density and upon apical cell extrusion. We further demonstrate that the expression of COL17A1 and CD44 is profoundly upregulated at the upper layers of multilayered, transformed epithelia in vitro and in vivo. The accumulated COL17A1 and CD44 suppress mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The diminished intracellular ROS level then promotes resistance against ferroptosis-mediated cell death upon cell extrusion, thereby positively regulating the formation of multilayered structures. To further understand the functional role of COL17A1, we performed comprehensive metabolome analysis and compared intracellular metabolites between RasV12 and COL17A1-knockout RasV12 cells. The data imply that COL17A1 regulates the metabolic pathway from the GABA shunt to mitochondrial complex I through succinate, thereby suppressing the ROS production. Moreover, we demonstrate that CD44 regulates membrane accumulation of COL17A1 in multilayered structures. These results suggest that CD44 and COL17A1 are crucial regulators for the clonal expansion of transformed cells within multilayered epithelia, thus being potential targets for early diagnosis and preventive treatment for precancerous lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kozawa
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Miho Sekai
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; KAN Research Institute, Inc., Kobe, Japan
| | - Kenji Ohba
- KAN Research Institute, Inc., Kobe, Japan; Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shoko Ito
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; KAN Research Institute, Inc., Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sako
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; KAN Research Institute, Inc., Kobe, Japan
| | - Takeshi Maruyama
- KAN Research Institute, Inc., Kobe, Japan; Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mai Kakeno
- KAN Research Institute, Inc., Kobe, Japan; Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takanobu Shirai
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kuromiya
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kamasaki
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koki Kohashi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shinya Tanaka
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Susumu Ishikawa
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nanami Sato
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shota Asano
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hironori Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tanimura
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Noriko Gotoh
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mishie Tanino
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shinya Tanaka
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ken Natsuga
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Japan
| | - Tomonori Nakamura
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yabuta
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitinori Saitou
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ito
- Division of Cell Fate Dynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Biosystems Science, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenkyo Matsuura
- Division of Cell Fate Dynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Biosystems Science, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Tsunoda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toyone Kikumori
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tadashi Iida
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Mizutani
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuki Miyai
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kozo Kaibuchi
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science (ICMS), Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Fujita
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Sapporo, Japan.
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134
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Wang W, Cui J, Ma H, Lu W, Huang J. Targeting Pyrimidine Metabolism in the Era of Precision Cancer Medicine. Front Oncol 2021; 11:684961. [PMID: 34123854 PMCID: PMC8194085 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.684961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic rewiring is considered as a primary feature of cancer. Malignant cells reprogram metabolism pathway in response to various intrinsic and extrinsic drawback to fuel cell survival and growth. Among the complex metabolic pathways, pyrimidine biosynthesis is conserved in all living organism and is necessary to maintain cellular fundamental function (i.e. DNA and RNA biosynthesis). A wealth of evidence has demonstrated that dysfunction of pyrimidine metabolism is closely related to cancer progression and numerous drugs targeting pyrimidine metabolism have been approved for multiple types of cancer. However, the non-negligible side effects and limited efficacy warrants a better strategy for negating pyrimidine metabolism in cancer. In recent years, increased studies have evidenced the interplay of oncogenic signaling and pyrimidine synthesis in tumorigenesis. Here, we review the recent conceptual advances on pyrimidine metabolism, especially dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), in the framework of precision oncology medicine and prospect how this would guide the development of new drug precisely targeting the pyrimidine metabolism in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqiang Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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135
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Patil AR, Leung MY, Roy S. Identification of Hub Genes in Different Stages of Colorectal Cancer through an Integrated Bioinformatics Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5564. [PMID: 34070979 PMCID: PMC8197092 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer that contributes to cancer-related morbidity. However, the differential expression of genes in different phases of CRC is largely unknown. Moreover, very little is known about the role of stress-survival pathways in CRC. We sought to discover the hub genes and identify their roles in several key pathways, including oxidative stress and apoptosis in the different stages of CRC. To identify the hub genes that may be involved in the different stages of CRC, gene expression datasets were obtained from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) common among the different datasets for each group were obtained using the robust rank aggregation method. Then, gene enrichment analysis was carried out with Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases. Finally, the protein-protein interaction networks were constructed using the Cytoscape software. We identified 40 hub genes and performed enrichment analysis for each group. We also used the Oncomine database to identify the DEGs related to stress-survival and apoptosis pathways involved in different stages of CRC. In conclusion, the hub genes were found to be enriched in several key pathways, including the cell cycle and p53 signaling pathway. Some of the hub genes were also reported in the stress-survival and apoptosis pathways. The hub DEGs revealed from our study may be used as biomarkers and may explain CRC development and progression mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet R. Patil
- Computational Science Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (A.R.P.); (M.-Y.L.)
| | - Ming-Ying Leung
- Computational Science Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (A.R.P.); (M.-Y.L.)
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Sourav Roy
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
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136
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Yang J, Ding S. Engineering L7Ae for RNA-Only Delivery Kill Switch Targeting CMS2 Type Colorectal Cancer Cells. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:1095-1105. [PMID: 33939419 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The lack of specific-targeting therapy to precisely identify and kill malignant cells while sparing others is a great challenge in colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment. In the era of molecular classification of tumors, CRC has been grouped into four Consensus Molecular Subtypes. Accounting for 37% of all types, the CMS2 group (canonical type) shows distinguishing features: WNT and MYC signaling activation. In this study, we designed an RNA-only delivery kill switch to specifically eliminate CMS2 type CRC cells. The sensing and logic processing functions are integrated by the newly engineered L7Ae, which can not only detect the stability of β-catenin protein and the presence of cytoplasm located Myc/Myc-nick, but also do logic computation. The circuit specifically eliminated HCT-116 cells while sparing other kinds of cells, showing a proof-of-principle approach to precisely target CMS2 type CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Helicobacter pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shigang Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Helicobacter pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases, Beijing 100191, China
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137
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Liu Q, Li J, Xu L, Wang J, Zeng Z, Fu J, Huang X, Chu Y, Wang J, Zhang HY, Zeng F. Individualized Prediction of Colorectal Cancer Metastasis Using a Radiogenomics Approach. Front Oncol 2021; 11:620945. [PMID: 33996544 PMCID: PMC8113949 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.620945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate whether incorporating the radiomics, genomics, and clinical features allows prediction of metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC) and to develop a preoperative nomogram for predicting metastasis. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed radiomics features of computed tomography (CT) images in 134 patients (62 in the primary cohort, 28 in the validation cohort, and 44 in the independent-test cohort) clinicopathologically diagnosed with CRC at Dazhou Central Hospital from February 2018 to October 2019. Tumor tissues were collected from all patients for RNA sequencing, and clinical data were obtained from medical records. A total of 854 radiomics features were extracted from enhanced venous-phase CT of CRC. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis was utilized for data dimension reduction, feature screen, and radiomics signature development. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to build a multiscale predicting model incorporating the radiomics, genomics, and clinical features. The receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration curve, and decision curve were conducted to evaluate the performance of the nomogram. Results: The radiomics signature based on 16 selected radiomics features showed good performance in metastasis assessment in both primary [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.945, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.892–0.998] and validation cohorts (AUC = 0.754, 95% CI 0.570–0.938). The multiscale nomogram model contained radiomics features signatures, four-gene expression related to cell cycle pathway, and CA 19-9 level. The multiscale model showed good discrimination performance in the primary cohort (AUC = 0.981, 95% CI 0.953–1.000), the validation cohort (AUC = 0.822, 95% CI 0.635–1.000), and the independent-test cohort (AUC = 0.752, 95% CI 0.608–0.896) and good calibration. Decision curve analysis confirmed the clinical application value of the multiscale model. Conclusion: This study presented a multiscale model that incorporated the radiological eigenvalues, genomics features, and CA 19-9, which could be conveniently utilized to facilitate the individualized preoperatively assessing metastasis in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Liu
- Department of Clinical Research Center, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Clinical Research Center, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Radiology, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, China
| | - Jiasi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, China
| | - Zhaoping Zeng
- Department of Clinical Research Center, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, China
| | - Jiangping Fu
- Department of Clinical Research Center, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, China
| | - Xuan Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanpeng Chu
- Department of Clinical Research Center, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Yu Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fanxin Zeng
- Department of Clinical Research Center, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, China.,School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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138
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BRCA1 degradation in response to mitochondrial damage in breast cancer cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8735. [PMID: 33888730 PMCID: PMC8062582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87698-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BRCA1 is a well-studied tumor suppressor involved in the homologous repair of DNA damage, whereas PINK1, a mitochondrial serine/threonine kinase, is known to be involved in mitochondrial quality control. Genetic mutations of PINK1 and Parkin cause autosomal recessive early-onset Parkinson's disease. We found that in breast cancer cells, the mitochondrial targeting reagents, which all induce mitochondrial depolarization along with PINK1 upregulation, induced proteasomal BRCA1 degradation. This BRCA1 degradation was dependent on PINK1, and BRCA1 downregulation upon mitochondrial damage caused DNA double-strand breaks. BRCA1 degradation was mediated through the direct interaction with the E3 ligase Parkin. Strikingly, BRCA1 and PINK1/Parkin expression were inversely correlated in cancerous mammary glands from breast cancer patients. BRCA1 knockdown repressed cancer cell growth, and high BRCA1 expression predicted poor relapse-free survival in breast cancer patients. These observations indicate a novel mechanism by which mitochondrial damage is transmitted to the nucleus, leading to BRCA1 degradation.
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139
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Zhang F, Wang Y, Chen G, Li Z, Xing X, Putz-Bankuti C, Stauber RE, Liu X, Madl T. Growing Human Hepatocellular Tumors Undergo a Global Metabolic Reprogramming. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1980. [PMID: 33924061 PMCID: PMC8074141 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy with poor prognosis, high morbidity and mortality concerning with lack of effective diagnosis and high postoperative recurrence. Similar with other cancers, HCC cancer cells have to alter their metabolism to adapt to the changing requirements imposed by the environment of the growing tumor. In less vascularized regions of tumor, cancer cells experience hypoxia and nutrient starvation. Here, we show that HCC undergoes a global metabolic reprogramming during tumor growth. A combined proteomics and metabolomics analysis of paired peritumoral and tumor tissues from 200 HCC patients revealed liver-specific metabolic reprogramming and metabolic alterations with increasing tumor sizes. Several proteins and metabolites associated with glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and pyrimidine synthesis were found to be differentially regulated in serum, tumor and peritumoral tissue with increased tumor sizes. Several prognostic metabolite biomarkers involved in HCC metabolic reprogramming were identified and integrated with clinical and pathological data. We built and validated this combined model to discriminate against patients with different recurrence risks. An integrated and comprehensive metabolomic analysis of HCC is provided by our present work. Metabolomic alterations associated with the advanced stage of the disease and poor clinical outcomes, were revealed. Targeting cancer metabolism may deliver effective therapies for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangrong Zhang
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria;
- BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Yingchao Wang
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China; (Y.W.); (G.C.); (Z.L.); (X.X.)
| | - Geng Chen
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China; (Y.W.); (G.C.); (Z.L.); (X.X.)
| | - Zhenli Li
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China; (Y.W.); (G.C.); (Z.L.); (X.X.)
| | - Xiaohua Xing
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China; (Y.W.); (G.C.); (Z.L.); (X.X.)
| | - Csilla Putz-Bankuti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria; (C.P.-B.); (R.E.S.)
| | - Rudolf E. Stauber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria; (C.P.-B.); (R.E.S.)
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China; (Y.W.); (G.C.); (Z.L.); (X.X.)
- Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361024, China
| | - Tobias Madl
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria;
- BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361024, China
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140
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Ion Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry for Metabolomic Analysis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 33791980 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-51652-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Ion chromatography (IC) represents an important technique for separation of charged and polar compounds. Traditionally, IC is often used for the analysis of small inorganic ions. Due to the development of eluent suppression technology that allows continuous online desalting and conversion of high-salt eluents into pure water, IC has been coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) for the analysis of more diverse range of anionic and cationic analytes. Recent studies have demonstrated that IC-MS is a powerful technique with exquisite detection sensitivity, high reproducibility, and quantitative capability for metabolomic analysis. In this chapter, we provide a brief overview of IC principles and IC-MS for metabolomic analysis.
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141
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Hayasaka R, Tabata S, Hasebe M, Ikeda S, Ohnuma S, Mori M, Soga T, Tomita M, Hirayama A. Metabolomic Analysis of Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Pancreatic Cancer Cells Cultured under Normoxia and Hypoxia. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11040215. [PMID: 33915936 PMCID: PMC8066639 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11040215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from cancer cells contribute to various malignant phenotypes of cancer, including metastasis, cachexia, and angiogenesis. Although DNA, mRNAs, miRNAs, and proteins contained in EVs have been extensively studied, the function of metabolites in EVs remains unclear. In this study, we performed a comprehensive metabolomic analysis of pancreatic cancer cells, PANC-1, cultured under different oxygen concentrations, and small EVs (sEVs) released from them, considering the fact that hypoxia contributes to the malignant behavior of cells in pancreatic cancer, which is a poorly diagnosed cancer. sEVs were collected by ultracentrifugation, and hydrophilic metabolites were analyzed using capillary ion chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and lipids were analyzed by supercritical fluid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 140 hydrophilic metabolites and 494 lipids were detected in sEVs, and their profiles were different from those in cells. In addition, the metabolomic profile of sEVs was observed to change under hypoxic stress, and an increase in metabolites involved in angiogenesis was also detected. We reveal the hallmark of the metabolites contained in sEVs and the effect of tumor hypoxia on their profiles, which may help in understanding EV-mediated cancer malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Hayasaka
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan; (R.H.); (S.T.); (M.H.); (S.I.); (S.O.); (M.M.); (T.S.); (M.T.)
- Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan
| | - Sho Tabata
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan; (R.H.); (S.T.); (M.H.); (S.I.); (S.O.); (M.M.); (T.S.); (M.T.)
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masako Hasebe
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan; (R.H.); (S.T.); (M.H.); (S.I.); (S.O.); (M.M.); (T.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Satsuki Ikeda
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan; (R.H.); (S.T.); (M.H.); (S.I.); (S.O.); (M.M.); (T.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Sumiko Ohnuma
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan; (R.H.); (S.T.); (M.H.); (S.I.); (S.O.); (M.M.); (T.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Masaru Mori
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan; (R.H.); (S.T.); (M.H.); (S.I.); (S.O.); (M.M.); (T.S.); (M.T.)
- Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan; (R.H.); (S.T.); (M.H.); (S.I.); (S.O.); (M.M.); (T.S.); (M.T.)
- Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan
| | - Masaru Tomita
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan; (R.H.); (S.T.); (M.H.); (S.I.); (S.O.); (M.M.); (T.S.); (M.T.)
- Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Hirayama
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan; (R.H.); (S.T.); (M.H.); (S.I.); (S.O.); (M.M.); (T.S.); (M.T.)
- Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-235-290-528
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142
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Tarragó-Celada J, Cascante M. Targeting the Metabolic Adaptation of Metastatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071641. [PMID: 33915900 PMCID: PMC8036928 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The search for new therapeutic opportunities to target cancer metastasis is crucial for the improvement of cancer treatment. One of the characteristics of tumoral and metastatic cells is the capacity to reorganize their metabolism, together with the ability to grow faster, migrate and form new tumours in distant sites. Therefore, the pharmaceutical inhibition of metabolic pathways represents a promising strategy to specifically target metastatic cells, especially in colorectal cancer metastasis. Abstract Metabolic adaptation is emerging as an important hallmark of cancer and metastasis. In the last decade, increasing evidence has shown the importance of metabolic alterations underlying the metastatic process, especially in breast cancer metastasis but also in colorectal cancer metastasis. Being the main cause of cancer-related deaths, it is of great importance to developing new therapeutic strategies that specifically target metastatic cells. In this regard, targeting metabolic pathways of metastatic cells is one of the more promising windows for new therapies of metastatic colorectal cancer, where still there are no approved inhibitors against metabolic targets. In this study, we review the recent advances in the field of metabolic adaptation of cancer metastasis, focusing our attention on colorectal cancer. In addition, we also review the current status of metabolic inhibitors for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Tarragó-Celada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Marta Cascante
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28020 Madrid, Spain
- Metabolomics Node at Spanish National Bioinformatics Institute (INB-ISCIII-ES-ELIXIR), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-934-021-593
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143
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Jukes Z, Freier A, Glymenaki M, Brown R, Parry L, Want E, Vorkas PA, Li JV. Lipid profiling of mouse intestinal organoids for studying APC mutations. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:BSR20202915. [PMID: 33620068 PMCID: PMC7969701 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20202915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inactivating mutations including both germline and somatic mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene drives most familial and sporadic colorectal cancers. Understanding the metabolic implications of this mutation will aid to establish its wider impact on cellular behaviour and potentially inform clinical decisions. However, to date, alterations in lipid metabolism induced by APC mutations remain unclear. Intestinal organoids have gained widespread popularity in studying colorectal cancer and chemotherapies, because their 3D structure more accurately mimics an in vivo environment. Here, we aimed to investigate intra-cellular lipid disturbances induced by APC gene mutations in intestinal organoids using a reversed-phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (RP-UHPLC-MS)-based lipid profiling method. Lipids of the organoids grown from either wild-type (WT) or mice with APC mutations (Lgr5-EGFP-IRES-CreERT2Apcfl/fl) were extracted and analysed using RP-UHPLC-MS. Levels of phospholipids (e.g. PC(16:0/16:0), PC(18:1/20:0), PC(38:0), PC(18:1/22:1)), ceramides (e.g. Cer(d18:0/22:0), Cer(d42:0), Cer(d18:1/24:1)) and hexosylceramides (e.g. HexCer(d18:1/16:0), HexCer(d18:1/22:0)) were higher in Apcfl/fl organoids, whereas levels of sphingomyelins (e.g. SM(d18:1/14:0), SM(d18:1/16:0)) were lower compared with WT. These observations indicate that cellular metabolism of sphingomyelin was up-regulated, resulting in the cellular accumulation of ceramides and production of HexCer due to the absence of Apcfl/fl in the organoids. Our observations demonstrated lipid profiling of organoids and provided an enhanced insight into the effects of the APC mutations on lipid metabolism, making for a valuable addition to screening options of the organoid lipidome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë Jukes
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Anne Freier
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Maria Glymenaki
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Richard Brown
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Rd, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, U.K
| | - Lee Parry
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Rd, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, U.K
| | - Elizabeth Want
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Panagiotis A. Vorkas
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Jia V. Li
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K
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144
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Piecyk M, Triki M, Laval PA, Dragic H, Cussonneau L, Fauvre J, Duret C, Aznar N, Renno T, Manié SN, Chaveroux C, Ferraro-Peyret C. Pemetrexed Hinders Translation Inhibition upon Low Glucose in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11040198. [PMID: 33810430 PMCID: PMC8067050 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11040198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic alterations in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) stimulate the generation of energy and biomass to promote tumor development. However, the efficacy of the translation process is finely regulated by stress sensors, themselves often controlled by nutrient availability and chemotoxic agents. Yet, the crosstalk between therapeutic treatment and glucose availability on cell mass generation remains understudied. Herein, we investigated the impact of pemetrexed (PEM) treatment, a first-line agent for NSCLC, on protein synthesis, depending on high or low glucose availability. PEM treatment drastically repressed cell mass and translation when glucose was abundant. Surprisingly, inhibition of protein synthesis caused by low glucose levels was partially dampened upon co-treatment with PEM. Moreover, PEM counteracted the elevation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) signal produced upon low glucose availability, providing a molecular explanation for the differential impact of the drug on translation according to glucose levels. Collectively, these data indicate that the ERS constitutes a molecular crosstalk between microenvironmental stressors, contributing to translation reprogramming and proteostasis plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Piecyk
- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Université Lyon, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, 69008 Lyon, France; (M.P.); (M.T.); (P.-A.L.); (H.D.); (J.F.); (C.D.); (N.A.); (T.R.)
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Biopathology of Tumours, CPE, GHE Hospital, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Mouna Triki
- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Université Lyon, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, 69008 Lyon, France; (M.P.); (M.T.); (P.-A.L.); (H.D.); (J.F.); (C.D.); (N.A.); (T.R.)
| | - Pierre-Alexandre Laval
- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Université Lyon, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, 69008 Lyon, France; (M.P.); (M.T.); (P.-A.L.); (H.D.); (J.F.); (C.D.); (N.A.); (T.R.)
| | - Helena Dragic
- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Université Lyon, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, 69008 Lyon, France; (M.P.); (M.T.); (P.-A.L.); (H.D.); (J.F.); (C.D.); (N.A.); (T.R.)
| | - Laura Cussonneau
- INRAE, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR1019, 63122 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Joelle Fauvre
- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Université Lyon, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, 69008 Lyon, France; (M.P.); (M.T.); (P.-A.L.); (H.D.); (J.F.); (C.D.); (N.A.); (T.R.)
| | - Cédric Duret
- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Université Lyon, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, 69008 Lyon, France; (M.P.); (M.T.); (P.-A.L.); (H.D.); (J.F.); (C.D.); (N.A.); (T.R.)
| | - Nicolas Aznar
- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Université Lyon, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, 69008 Lyon, France; (M.P.); (M.T.); (P.-A.L.); (H.D.); (J.F.); (C.D.); (N.A.); (T.R.)
| | - Toufic Renno
- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Université Lyon, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, 69008 Lyon, France; (M.P.); (M.T.); (P.-A.L.); (H.D.); (J.F.); (C.D.); (N.A.); (T.R.)
| | - Serge N. Manié
- Inserm U1242, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Université de Rennes, 35042 Rennes, France;
| | - Cédric Chaveroux
- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Université Lyon, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, 69008 Lyon, France; (M.P.); (M.T.); (P.-A.L.); (H.D.); (J.F.); (C.D.); (N.A.); (T.R.)
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (C.F.-P.)
| | - Carole Ferraro-Peyret
- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Université Lyon, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, 69008 Lyon, France; (M.P.); (M.T.); (P.-A.L.); (H.D.); (J.F.); (C.D.); (N.A.); (T.R.)
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Biopathology of Tumours, CPE, GHE Hospital, 69500 Bron, France
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (C.F.-P.)
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145
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Shibasaki H, Kinoh H, Cabral H, Quader S, Mochida Y, Liu X, Toh K, Miyano K, Matsumoto Y, Yamasoba T, Kataoka K. Efficacy of pH-Sensitive Nanomedicines in Tumors with Different c-MYC Expression Depends on the Intratumoral Activation Profile. ACS NANO 2021; 15:5545-5559. [PMID: 33625824 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Effective inhibition of the protein derived from cellular myelocytomatosis oncogene (c-Myc) is one of the most sought-after goals in cancer therapy. While several c-Myc inhibitors have demonstrated therapeutic potential, inhibiting c-Myc has proven challenging, since c-Myc is essential for normal tissues and tumors may present heterogeneous c-Myc levels demanding contrasting therapeutic strategies. Herein, we developed tumor-targeted nanomedicines capable of treating both tumors with high and low c-Myc levels by adjusting their ability to spatiotemporally control drug action. These nanomedicines loaded homologues of the bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) motif inhibitor JQ1 as epigenetic c-Myc inhibitors through pH-cleavable bonds engineered for fast or slow drug release at intratumoral pH. In tumors with high c-Myc expression, the fast-releasing (FR) nanomedicines suppressed tumor growth more effectively than the slow-releasing (SR) ones, whereas, in the low c-Myc tumors, the efficacy of the nanomedicines was the opposite. By studying the tumor distribution and intratumoral activation of the nanomedicines, we found that, despite SR nanomedicines achieved higher accumulation than the FR counterparts in both c-Myc high and low tumors, the antitumor activity profiles corresponded with the availability of activated drugs inside the tumors. These results indicate the potential of engineered nanomedicines for c-Myc inhibition and spur the idea of precision pH-sensitive nanomedicine based on cancer biomarker levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Shibasaki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kinoh
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Horacio Cabral
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Sabina Quader
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Yuki Mochida
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Xueying Liu
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Kazuko Toh
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Kazuki Miyano
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tokyo Yamate Medical Center, 3-22-1, Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Yu Matsumoto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamasoba
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kataoka
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
- Policy Alternative Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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146
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Ebata K, Yamashiro S, Iida K, Okada M. Building patient-specific models for receptor tyrosine kinase signaling networks. FEBS J 2021; 289:90-101. [PMID: 33755310 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer progresses due to changes in the dynamic interactions of multidimensional factors associated with gene mutations. Cancer research has actively adopted computational methods, including data-driven and mathematical model-driven approaches, to identify causative factors and regulatory rules that can explain the complexity and diversity of cancers. A data-driven, statistics-based approach revealed correlations between gene alterations and clinical outcomes in many types of cancers. A model-driven mathematical approach has elucidated the dynamic features of cancer networks and identified the mechanisms of drug efficacy and resistance. More recently, machine learning methods have emerged that can be used for mining omics data and classifying patient. However, as the strengths and weaknesses of each method becoming apparent, new analytical tools are emerging to combine and improve the methodologies and maximize their predictive power for classifying cancer subtypes and prognosis. Here, we introduce recent advances in cancer systems biology aimed at personalized medicine, with focus on the receptor tyrosine kinase signaling network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoichi Ebata
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Sawa Yamashiro
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Keita Iida
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Mariko Okada
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Center for Drug Design and Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan.,Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Japan
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147
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Czeczko LEA, Ribas CAPM, Czeczko NG, Skare TL, Yamakawa CK, Gionedis G, Vasconcelos C, Bremer FP, Castoldi DF, Gasser M, Waaga-Gasser AM. ARE STEM CELL MARKER EXPRESSION AND CD133 ANALYSIS RELEVANT TO DIFFERENTIATE COLORECTAL CANCER? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 33:e1568. [PMID: 33759958 PMCID: PMC7983529 DOI: 10.1590/0102-672020200004e1568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
CD133 and AXL have been described as cancer stem cell markers, and c-MYC as a key regulatory cellular mechanism in colorectal cancer (CRC).
Aim: Evaluate the prognostic role of the biomarkers CD133, AXL and c-MYC and their association with clinicopathologic characteristics in colorectal adenocarcinomas and adenomas.
Methods:
A total of 156 patients with UICC stage I-IV adenocarcinomas (n=122) and adenomas (n=34) were analyzed. Tissue microarrays (TMA) from primary tumors and polyps for CD133, c-MYC and AXL expression were performed and analyzed for their significance with clinicopathologic characteristics.
Results:
Poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas and disease progression were independent risk factors for poor overall survival. The median overall survival time was 30 months. Positive CD133 expression (35.9% of all cases), particularly of right-sided CRCs (44.8% of the CD133+ cases), was negatively correlated with death in the univariate analysis, which did not reach significance in the multivariate analysis. c-MYC (15.4% of all cases) was predominantly expressed in advanced-stage patients with distant (non-pulmonary/non-hepatic) metastasis. AXL expression was found only occasionally, and predominantly dominated in adenomas, with less penetrance in high-grade dysplasia.
Conclusions:
CD133 expression was not associated with inferior overall survival in CRC. While AXL showed inconclusive results, c-MYC expression in primary CRCs was associated with distant metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicolau Gregori Czeczko
- Mackenzie Evangelical Faculty of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,University Evangelical Mackenzie Hospital, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Fabiola Pabst Bremer
- Mackenzie Evangelical Faculty of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,University Evangelical Mackenzie Hospital, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Diogo Francesco Castoldi
- Mackenzie Evangelical Faculty of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,University Evangelical Mackenzie Hospital, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Martin Gasser
- Mackenzie Evangelical Faculty of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Waaga-Gasser
- Renal Division, Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Mackenzie Evangelical Faculty of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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148
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Erben V, Poschet G, Schrotz-King P, Brenner H. Comparing Metabolomics Profiles in Various Types of Liquid Biopsies among Screening Participants with and without Advanced Colorectal Neoplasms. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:561. [PMID: 33804777 PMCID: PMC8003917 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11030561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of metabolomics has been suggested as a promising approach for early detection of colorectal cancer and advanced adenomas. We investigated and compared the metabolomics profile in blood, stool, and urine samples of screening colonoscopy participants and aimed to evaluate differences in metabolite concentrations between people with advanced colorectal neoplasms and those without neoplasms. Various types of bio-samples (plasma, feces, and urine) from 400 participants of screening colonoscopy were investigated using the MxP® Quant 500 kit (Biocrates, Innsbruck, Austria). We detected a broad range of metabolites in blood, stool, and urine samples (504, 331, and 131, respectively). Significant correlations were found between concentrations in blood and stool, blood and urine, and stool and urine for 93, 154, and 102 metabolites, of which 68 (73%), 126 (82%), and 39 (38%) were positive correlations. We found significant differences between participants with and without advanced colorectal neoplasms for concentrations of 123, 49, and 28 metabolites in blood, stool and urine samples, respectively. We detected mostly positive correlations between metabolite concentrations in blood samples and urine or stool samples, and mostly negative correlations between urine and stool samples. Differences between subjects with and without advanced colorectal neoplasms were found for metabolite concentrations in each of the three bio-fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Erben
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (V.E.); (P.S.-K.)
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gernot Poschet
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Petra Schrotz-King
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (V.E.); (P.S.-K.)
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (V.E.); (P.S.-K.)
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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149
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Li X, Wang X, Zhao J, Wang J, Wu J. PRMT5 promotes colorectal cancer growth by interaction with MCM7. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:3537-3547. [PMID: 33675123 PMCID: PMC8034445 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is a type of methyltransferase enzyme that can catalyse arginine methylation of histones and non‐histone proteins. Accumulating evidence indicates that PRMT5 promotes cancer development and progression. However, its function in colorectal cancer (CRC) is poorly understood. In this study, we revealed the oncogenic roles of PRMT5 in CRC. We found that PRMT5 promoted CRC cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo. We identified minichromosome maintenance‐7 (MCM7) as the direct PRMT5‐binding partner. A co‐immunoprecipitation (co‐IP) assay indicated that PRMT5 physically interacted with MCM7 and that the direct binding domain was located between residues 1‐248 in MCM7. In addition, our results from analysis of 99 CRC tissues and 77 adjacent non‐cancerous tissues indicated that the PRMT5 and MCM7 expression levels were significantly higher in CRC tissues than in control tissues, which was further confirmed by bioinformatic analysis using TCGA and GEO datasets. We also found that MCM7 promoted CRC cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro. Furthermore, we observed that increased PRMT5 expression predicted unfavourable patient survival in CRC patients and in the subgroup of patients with a tumour size of ≤5 cm. These data suggested that PRMT5 and MCM7 might be novel potential targets for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwei Li
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, and Department of Colorectal Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, and Department of Colorectal Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Zhao
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, and Department of Colorectal Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, and Department of Colorectal Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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150
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Kofuji S, Sasaki AT. GTP metabolic reprogramming by IMPDH2: unlocking cancer cells' fuelling mechanism. J Biochem 2021; 168:319-328. [PMID: 32702086 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvaa085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing cells increase multiple biosynthetic processes in response to the high metabolic demands needed to sustain proliferation. The even higher metabolic requirements in the setting of cancer provoke proportionately greater biosynthesis. Underappreciated key aspects of this increased metabolic demand are guanine nucleotides and adaptive mechanisms to regulate their concentration. Using the malignant brain tumour, glioblastoma, as a model, we have demonstrated that one of the rate-limiting enzymes for guanosine triphosphate (GTP) synthesis, inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase-2 (IMPDH2), is increased and IMPDH2 expression is necessary for the activation of de novo GTP biosynthesis. Moreover, increased IMPDH2 enhances RNA polymerase I and III transcription directly linking GTP metabolism to both anabolic capacity as well as nucleolar enlargement historically observed as associated with cancer. In this review, we will review in detail the basis of these new discoveries and, more generally, summarize the current knowledge on the role of GTP metabolism in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kofuji
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Atsuo T Sasaki
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3125 Eden Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45267-0508, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3125 Eden Ave., OH 45267-0508, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center at UC Gardner Neuroscience Institute, 3113 Bellevue Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0508, USA.,Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Kakuganji 246-2, Mizukami, Tsuruoka City, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
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