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Crowley SJ, Bruck PT, Bhuiyan MA, Mitchell-Gears A, Walsh MJ, Zhangxu K, Ali LR, Jeong HJ, Ingram JR, Knipe DM, Ploegh HL, Dougan M, Dougan SK. Neoleukin-2 enhances anti-tumour immunity downstream of peptide vaccination targeted by an anti-MHC class II VHH. Open Biol 2020; 10:190235. [PMID: 32019478 PMCID: PMC7058936 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.190235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-specific mutations can lead to peptides of unique sequence presented on MHC class I to CD8 T cells. These neoantigens can be potent tumour-rejection antigens, appear to be the driving force behind responsiveness to anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD1/L1-based therapies and have been used to develop personalized vaccines. The platform for delivering neoantigen-based vaccines has varied, and further optimization of both platform and adjuvant will be necessary to achieve scalable vaccine products that are therapeutically effective at a reasonable cost. Here, we developed a platform for testing potential CD8 T cell tumour vaccine candidates. We used a high-affinity alpaca-derived VHH against MHC class II to deliver peptides to professional antigen-presenting cells. We show in vitro and in vivo that peptides derived from the model antigen ovalbumin are better able to activate naive ovalbumin-specific CD8 T cells when conjugated to an MHC class II-specific VHH when compared with an irrelevant control VHH. We then used the VHH-peptide platform to evaluate a panel of candidate neoantigens in vivo in a mouse model of pancreatic cancer. None of the candidate neoantigens tested led to protection from tumour challenge; however, we were able to show vaccine-induced CD8 T cell responses to a melanoma self-antigen that was augmented by combination therapy with the synthetic cytokine mimetic Neo2/15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J. Crowley
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick T. Bruck
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Md Aladdin Bhuiyan
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amelia Mitchell-Gears
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Michael J. Walsh
- Program in Virology and Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin Zhangxu
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lestat R. Ali
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hee-Jin Jeong
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Mapo-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jessica R. Ingram
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David M. Knipe
- Program in Virology and Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hidde L. Ploegh
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Dougan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie K. Dougan
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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102
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Lecocq Q, De Vlaeminck Y, Hanssens H, D'Huyvetter M, Raes G, Goyvaerts C, Keyaerts M, Devoogdt N, Breckpot K. Theranostics in immuno-oncology using nanobody derivatives. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:7772-7791. [PMID: 31695800 PMCID: PMC6831473 DOI: 10.7150/thno.34941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapy and immunotherapy have become mainstream in cancer treatment. However, only patient subsets benefit from these expensive therapies, and often responses are short‐lived or coincide with side effects. A growing modality in precision oncology is the development of theranostics, as this enables patient selection, treatment and monitoring. In this approach, labeled compounds and an imaging technology are used to diagnose patients and select the best treatment option, whereas for therapy, related compounds are used to target cancer cells or the tumor stroma. In this context, nanobodies and nanobody-directed therapeutics have gained interest. This interest stems from their high antigen specificity, small size, ease of labeling and engineering, allowing specific imaging and design of therapies targeting antigens on tumor cells, immune cells as well as proteins in the tumor environment. This review provides a comprehensive overview on the state-of-the-art regarding the use of nanobodies as theranostics, and their importance in the emerging field of personalized medicine.
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103
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Exploring the extracellular matrix in health and disease using proteomics. Essays Biochem 2019; 63:417-432. [DOI: 10.1042/ebc20190001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex assembly of hundreds of proteins that constitutes the scaffold of multicellular organisms. In addition to providing architectural and mechanical support to the surrounding cells, it conveys biochemical signals that regulate cellular processes including proliferation and survival, fate determination, and cell migration. Defects in ECM protein assembly, decreased ECM protein production or, on the contrary, excessive ECM accumulation, have been linked to many pathologies including cardiovascular and skeletal diseases, cancers, and fibrosis. The ECM thus represents a potential reservoir of prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. However, our understanding of the global protein composition of the ECM and how it changes during pathological processes has remained limited until recently.
In this mini-review, we provide an overview of the latest methodological advances in sample preparation and mass spectrometry-based proteomics that have permitted the profiling of the ECM of now dozens of normal and diseased tissues, including tumors and fibrotic lesions.
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104
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Di Carli MF. Challenges and opportunities for nuclear cardiology. J Nucl Cardiol 2019; 26:1043-1046. [PMID: 31197740 PMCID: PMC6660991 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-019-01774-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo F Di Carli
- Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, ASB-L1 Room 037-C, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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105
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Sivasubramanian M, Chuang YC, Chen NT, Lo LW. Seeing Better and Going Deeper in Cancer Nanotheranostics. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3490. [PMID: 31315232 PMCID: PMC6678689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomedical imaging modalities in clinical practice have revolutionized oncology for several decades. State-of-the-art biomedical techniques allow visualizing both normal physiological and pathological architectures of the human body. The use of nanoparticles (NP) as contrast agents enabled visualization of refined contrast images with superior resolution, which assists clinicians in more accurate diagnoses and in planning appropriate therapy. These desirable features are due to the ability of NPs to carry high payloads (contrast agents or drugs), increased in vivo half-life, and disease-specific accumulation. We review the various NP-based interventions for treatments of deep-seated tumors, involving "seeing better" to precisely visualize early diagnosis and "going deeper" to activate selective therapeutics in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maharajan Sivasubramanian
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 350, Taiwan
| | - Yao Chen Chuang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 350, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Tzu Chen
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Leu-Wei Lo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 350, Taiwan.
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106
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QnAs with Hidde L. Ploegh. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:12123-12125. [DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1908701116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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107
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Nanobody-based CAR T cells that target the tumor microenvironment inhibit the growth of solid tumors in immunocompetent mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:7624-7631. [PMID: 30936321 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1817147116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has been successful in clinical trials against hematological cancers, but has experienced challenges in the treatment of solid tumors. One of the main difficulties lies in a paucity of tumor-specific targets that can serve as CAR recognition domains. We therefore focused on developing VHH-based, single-domain antibody (nanobody) CAR T cells that target aspects of the tumor microenvironment conserved across multiple cancer types. Many solid tumors evade immune recognition through expression of checkpoint molecules, such as PD-L1, that down-regulate the immune response. We therefore targeted CAR T cells to the tumor microenvironment via the checkpoint inhibitor PD-L1 and observed a reduction in tumor growth, resulting in improved survival. CAR T cells that target the tumor stroma and vasculature through the EIIIB+ fibronectin splice variant, which is expressed by multiple tumor types and on neovasculature, are likewise effective in delaying tumor growth. VHH-based CAR T cells can thus function as antitumor agents for multiple targets in syngeneic, immunocompetent animal models. Our results demonstrate the flexibility of VHH-based CAR T cells and the potential of CAR T cells to target the tumor microenvironment and treat solid tumors.
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