101
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Hartung H, Threlfell S, Cragg SJ. Nitric oxide donors enhance the frequency dependence of dopamine release in nucleus accumbens. Neuropsychopharmacology 2011; 36:1811-22. [PMID: 21508928 PMCID: PMC3154099 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2011.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is critically involved in normal as well as maladaptive motivated behaviors including drug addiction. Whether the striatal neuromodulator nitric oxide (NO) influences DA release in NAc is unknown. We investigated whether exogenous NO modulates DA transmission in NAc core and how this interaction varies depending on the frequency of presynaptic activation. We detected DA with cyclic voltammetry at carbon-fiber microelectrodes in mouse NAc in slices following stimuli spanning a full range of DA neuron firing frequencies (1-100 Hz). NO donors 3-morpholinosydnonimine hydrochloride (SIN-1) or z-1-[N-(3-ammoniopropyl)-N-(n-propyl)amino]diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate (PAPA/NONOate) enhanced DA release with increasing stimulus frequency. This NO-mediated enhancement of frequency sensitivity of DA release was not prevented by inhibition of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), DA transporters, or large conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels, and did not require glutamatergic or GABAergic input. However, experiments to identify whether frequency-dependent NO effects were mediated via changes in powerful acetylcholine-DA interactions revealed multiple components to NO modulation of DA release. In the presence of a nicotinic receptor antagonist (dihydro-β-erythroidine), NO donors increased DA release in a frequency-independent manner. These data suggest that NO in the NAc can modulate DA release through multiple GC-independent neuronal mechanisms whose net outcome varies depending on the activity in DA neurons and accumbal cholinergic interneurons. In the presence of accumbal acetylcholine, NO promotes the sensitivity of DA release to presynaptic activation, but with reduced acetylcholine input, NO will promote DA release in an activity-independent manner through a direct action on dopaminergic terminals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike Hartung
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK [2] Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK [3] Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Sarah Threlfell
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephanie J Cragg
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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102
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Dulce RA, Schulman IH, Hare JM. S-glutathionylation: a redox-sensitive switch participating in nitroso-redox balance. Circ Res 2011; 108:531-3. [PMID: 21372289 DOI: 10.1161/res.0b013e3182147d74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raul A Dulce
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Miami, FL 33101, USA
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103
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Lee EJ, Shin SH, Hyun S, Chun J, Kang SS. Mutation of a putative S-nitrosylation site of TRPV4 protein facilitates the channel activates. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2011; 15:95-106. [PMID: 21837266 PMCID: PMC3150788 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2011.555183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Revised: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) cation channel, a member of the TRP vanilloid subfamily, is expressed in a broad range of tissues. Nitric oxide (NO) as a gaseous signal mediator shows a variety of important biological effects. In many instances, NO has been shown to exhibit its activities via a protein S-nitrosylation mechanism in order to regulate its protein functions. With functional assays via site-directed mutagenesis, we demonstrate herein that NO induces the S-nitrosylation of TRPV4 Ca2+ channel on the Cys853 residue, and the S-nitrosylation of Cys853 reduced its channel sensitivity to 4-α phorbol 12,13-didecanoate and the interaction between TRPV4 and calmodulin. A patch clamp experiment and Ca2+ image analysis show that the S-nitrosylation of Cys853 modulates the TRPV4 channel as an inhibitor. Thus, our data suggest a novel regulatory mechanism of TRPV4 via NO-mediated S-nitrosylation on its Cys853 residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jeoung Lee
- Department of Pre-medicine, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-832, Republic of Korea
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104
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Kraner SD, Wang Q, Novak KR, Cheng D, Cool DR, Peng J, Rich MM. Upregulation of the CaV 1.1-ryanodine receptor complex in a rat model of critical illness myopathy. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2011; 300:R1384-91. [PMID: 21474431 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00032.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The processes that trigger severe muscle atrophy and loss of myosin in critical illness myopathy (CIM) are poorly understood. It has been reported that muscle disuse alters Ca(2+) handling by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Since inactivity is an important contributor to CIM, this finding raises the possibility that elevated levels of the proteins involved in Ca(2+) handling might contribute to development of CIM. CIM was induced in 3- to 5-mo-old rats by sciatic nerve lesion and infusion of dexamethasone for 1 wk. Western blot analysis revealed increased levels of ryanodine receptor (RYR) isoforms-1 and -2 as well as the dihydropyridine receptor/voltage-gated calcium channel type 1.1 (DHPR/Ca(V) 1.1). Immunostaining revealed a subset of fibers with elevation of RYR1 and Ca(V) 1.1 that had severe atrophy and disorganization of sarcomeres. These findings suggest increased Ca(2+) release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum may be an important contributor to development of CIM. To assess the endogenous functional effects of increased intracellular Ca(2+) in CIM, proteolysis of α-fodrin, a well-known target substrate of Ca(2+)-activated proteases, was measured and found to be 50% greater in CIM. There was also selective degradation of myosin heavy chain relative to actin in CIM muscle. Taken together, our findings suggest that increased Ca(2+) release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum may contribute to pathology in CIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan D Kraner
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
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105
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Tegeder I, Scheving R, Wittig I, Geisslinger G. SNO-ing at the nociceptive synapse? Pharmacol Rev 2011; 63:366-89. [PMID: 21436345 DOI: 10.1124/pr.110.004200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide is generally considered a pronociceptive retrograde transmitter that, by activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase-mediated cGMP production and activation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase, drives nociceptive hypersensitivity. The duality of its functions, however, is increasingly recognized. This review summarizes nitric-oxide-mediated direct S-nitrosylation of target proteins that may modify nociceptive signaling, including glutamate receptors and G-protein-coupled receptors, transient receptor potential channels, voltage-gated channels, proinflammatory enzymes, transcription factors, and redoxins. S-Nitrosylation events require close proximity of nitric oxide production and target proteins and a permissive redox state in the vicinity. Despite the diversity of potential targets and effects, three major schemes arise that may affect nociceptive signaling: 1) S-Nitrosylation-mediated changes of ion channel gating properties, 2) modulation of membrane fusion and fission, and thereby receptor and channel membrane insertion, and 3) modulation of ubiquitination, and thereby protein degradation or transcriptional activity. In addition, S-Nitrosylation may alter the production of nitric oxide itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irmgard Tegeder
- Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor Stern Kai 7, Haus 74; 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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106
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Yamaguchi N, Prosser BL, Ghassemi F, Xu L, Pasek DA, Eu JP, Hernández-Ochoa EO, Cannon BR, Wilder PT, Lovering RM, Weber D, Melzer W, Schneider MF, Meissner G. Modulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release in skeletal muscle expressing ryanodine receptor impaired in regulation by calmodulin and S100A1. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2011; 300:C998-C1012. [PMID: 21289290 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00370.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In vitro, calmodulin (CaM) and S100A1 activate the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor ion channel (RyR1) at submicromolar Ca(2+) concentrations, whereas at micromolar Ca(2+) concentrations, CaM inhibits RyR1. One amino acid substitution (RyR1-L3625D) has previously been demonstrated to impair CaM binding and regulation of RyR1. Here we show that the RyR1-L3625D substitution also abolishes S100A1 binding. To determine the physiological relevance of these findings, mutant mice were generated with the RyR1-L3625D substitution in exon 74, which encodes the CaM and S100A1 binding domain of RyR1. Homozygous mutant mice (Ryr1(D/D)) were viable and appeared normal. However, single RyR1 channel recordings from Ryr1(D/D) mice exhibited impaired activation by CaM and S100A1 and impaired CaCaM inhibition. Isolated flexor digitorum brevis muscle fibers from Ryr1(D/D) mice had depressed Ca(2+) transients when stimulated by a single action potential. However, during repetitive stimulation, the mutant fibers demonstrated greater relative summation of the Ca(2+) transients. Consistently, in vivo stimulation of tibialis anterior muscles in Ryr1(D/D) mice demonstrated reduced twitch force in response to a single action potential, but greater summation of force during high-frequency stimulation. During repetitive stimulation, Ryr1(D/D) fibers exhibited slowed inactivation of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) release flux, consistent with increased summation of the Ca(2+) transient and contractile force. Peak Ca(2+) release flux was suppressed at all voltages in voltage-clamped Ryr1(D/D) fibers. The results suggest that the RyR1-L3625D mutation removes both an early activating effect of S100A1 and CaM and delayed suppressing effect of CaCaM on RyR1 Ca(2+) release, providing new insights into CaM and S100A1 regulation of skeletal muscle excitation-contraction coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Yamaguchi
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7260, USA
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107
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Kohr MJ, Aponte AM, Sun J, Wang G, Murphy E, Gucek M, Steenbergen C. Characterization of potential S-nitrosylation sites in the myocardium. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 300:H1327-35. [PMID: 21278135 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00997.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
S-nitrosylation (SNO) is a reversible protein modification that has the ability to alter the activity of target proteins. However, only a small number of SNO proteins have been found in the myocardium, and even fewer specific sites of SNO have been identified. Therefore, this study aims to characterize potential SNO sites in the myocardium. We utilized a modified version of the SNO-resin-assisted capture technique in tandem with mass spectrometry. In brief, a modified biotin switch was performed using perfused mouse heart homogenates incubated with or without the S-nitrosylating agent S-nitrosoglutathione. Our modified SNO-resin-assisted capture protocol identified 116 unique SNO-modified proteins under basal conditions, and these represent the constitutive SNO proteome. These constitutive SNO proteins are likely to be physiologically relevant targets, since nitric oxide has been shown to play an important role in the regulation of normal cardiovascular physiology. Following S-nitrosoglutathione treatment, we identified 951 unique SNO proteins, many of which contained multiple SNO sites. These proteins show the potential for SNO. This study provides novel information regarding the constitutive SNO proteome of the myocardium, as well as potential myocardial SNO sites, and yields additional information on the SNO sites for many key proteins involved in myocardial contraction, metabolism, and cellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Kohr
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21257, USA
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108
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Petrotchenko EV, Yamaguchi N, Pasek DA, Borchers CH, Meissner G. Mass spectrometric analysis and mutagenesis predict involvement of multiple cysteines in redox regulation of the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor ion channel complex. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 2011:13-21. [PMID: 21603587 DOI: 10.2147/rrb.s15776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The tetrameric skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor ion channel complex (RyR1) contains a large number of free cysteines that are potential targets for redox-active molecules. Here, we report the mass spectrometric analysis of free thiols in RyR1 using the lipophilic, thiol-specific probe monobromobimane (MBB). In the presence of reduced glutathione, MBB labeled 14 cysteines per RyR1 subunit in tryptic peptides in five of five experiments. Forty-six additional MBB-labeled cysteines per RyR1 subunit were detected with lower frequency in tryptic peptides, bringing the total number of MBB-labeled cysteines to 60 per RyR1 subunit. A combination of fluorescence detection and mass spectrometry of RyR1, labeled in the presence of reduced and oxidized glutathione, identified two redox-sensitive cysteines (C1040 and C1303). Regulation of RyR activity by reduced and oxidized glutathione was investigated in skeletal muscle mutant RyR1s in which 18 cysteines were substituted with serine or alanine, using a [(3)H]ryanodine ligand binding assay. Three single-site RyR1 mutants (C1781S, C2436S, and C2606S) and two multisite mutants with five and seven substituted cysteines exhibited a reduced redox response compared with wild-type RyR1. The results suggest that multiple cysteines determine the redox state and activity of RyR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniy V Petrotchenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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109
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Kohr MJ, Sun J, Aponte A, Wang G, Gucek M, Murphy E, Steenbergen C. Simultaneous measurement of protein oxidation and S-nitrosylation during preconditioning and ischemia/reperfusion injury with resin-assisted capture. Circ Res 2010; 108:418-26. [PMID: 21193739 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.110.232173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Redox modifications play an important role in many cellular processes, including cell death. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has been shown to involve redox signaling. Protein S-nitrosylation (SNO) is increased following myocardial IPC, and SNO is thought to provide cardioprotection, in part, by reducing cysteine oxidation during ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that SNO provides cardioprotection, in part, by shielding against cysteine oxidation following IR injury. METHODS AND RESULTS We developed a new method to measure protein oxidation using resin-assisted capture (Ox-RAC), which is similar to the SNO-RAC method used in the quantification of SNO. Langendorff-perfused hearts were subjected to various perfusion protocols (control, IPC, IR, IPC-IR, IPC/reperfusion) and homogenized. Each sample was divided into 2 equal aliquots, and the SNO-RAC/Ox-RAC procedure was performed to simultaneously analyze SNO and oxidation. We identified 31 different SNO proteins with IPC, 27 of which showed increased SNO compared to baseline. Of the proteins that showed significantly increased SNO with IPC, 76% showed decreased oxidation or no oxidation following ischemia and early reperfusion (IPC-IR) at the same site when compared to IR alone; for non-SNO proteins, oxidation was reduced by only 50%. We further demonstrated that IPC-induced protein SNO is quickly reversible. CONCLUSIONS These results support the hypothesis that IPC-induced protein SNO provides cardioprotection by shielding cysteine residues from reactive oxygen species-induced oxidation during IR injury. Therefore, the level of protein SNO plays a critical role in IR injury, where ROS production is increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Kohr
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21257, USA
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110
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Jourd'heuil FL, Lowery AM, Melton EM, Mnaimneh S, Bryan NS, Fernandez BO, Park JH, Ha CE, Bhagavan NV, Feelisch M, Jourd'heuil D. Redox-sensitivity and site-specificity of S- and N- denitrosation in proteins. PLoS One 2010; 5:e14400. [PMID: 21203591 PMCID: PMC3006389 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND S-nitrosation--the formation of S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs) at cysteine residues in proteins--is a posttranslational modification involved in signal transduction and nitric oxide (NO) transport. Recent studies would also suggest the formation of N-nitrosamines (RNNOs) in proteins in vivo, although their biological significance remains obscure. In this study, we characterized a redox-based mechanism by which N-nitroso-tryptophan residues in proteins may be denitrosated. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The denitrosation of N-acetyl-nitroso Trp (NANT) by glutathione (GSH) required molecular oxygen and was inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Transnitrosation to form S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) was observed only in the absence of oxygen or presence of SOD. Protein denitrosation by GSH was studied using a set of mutant recombinant human serum albumin (HSA). Trp-214 and Cys-37 were the only two residues nitrosated by NO under aerobic conditions. Nitroso-Trp-214 in HSA was insensitive to denitrosation by GSH or ascorbate while denitrosation at Cys-37 was evident in the presence of GSH but not ascorbate. GSH-dependent denitrosation of Trp-214 was restored in a peptide fragment of helix II containing Trp-214. Finally, incubation of cell lysates with NANT revealed a pattern of protein nitrosation distinct from that observed with GSNO. CONCLUSIONS We propose that the denitrosation of nitrosated Trp by GSH occurs through homolytic cleavage of nitroso Trp to NO and a Trp aminyl radical, driven by the formation of superoxide derived from the oxidation of GSH to GSSG. Overall, the accessibility of Trp residues to redox-active biomolecules determines the stability of protein-associated nitroso species such that in the case of HSA, N-nitroso-Trp-214 is insensitive to denitrosation by low-molecular-weight antioxidants. Moreover, RNNOs can generate free NO and transfer their NO moiety in an oxygen-dependent fashion, albeit site-specificities appear to differ markedly from that of RSNOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances L Jourd'heuil
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America.
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111
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The SNO-proteome: causation and classifications. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2010; 15:129-36. [PMID: 21087893 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Revised: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell signaling is a complex and highly regulated process. Post-translational modifications of proteins serve to sense and transduce cellular signals in a precisely coordinated manner. It is increasingly recognized that protein S-nitrosylation, the addition of a nitric oxide group to cysteine thiols, serves an important role in a wide range of signaling pathways. In spite of the large number of SNO-proteins now identified (∼1000), the observed specificity of S-nitrosylation in terms of target proteins and specific cysteines within modified proteins is incompletely understood. Here we review the progress made in S-nitrosylation detection methods that have facilitated the study of the SNO-proteome under physiological and pathophysiological conditions, and some factors important in determining the SNO-proteome. Classification schemes for emergent denitrosylases and prospective 'protein S-nitrosylases' are provided.
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112
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Lanner JT, Georgiou DK, Joshi AD, Hamilton SL. Ryanodine receptors: structure, expression, molecular details, and function in calcium release. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2010; 2:a003996. [PMID: 20961976 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a003996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 546] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are located in the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum membrane and are responsible for the release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores during excitation-contraction coupling in both cardiac and skeletal muscle. RyRs are the largest known ion channels (> 2MDa) and exist as three mammalian isoforms (RyR 1-3), all of which are homotetrameric proteins that interact with and are regulated by phosphorylation, redox modifications, and a variety of small proteins and ions. Most RyR channel modulators interact with the large cytoplasmic domain whereas the carboxy-terminal portion of the protein forms the ion-conducting pore. Mutations in RyR2 are associated with human disorders such as catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia whereas mutations in RyR1 underlie diseases such as central core disease and malignant hyperthermia. This chapter examines the current concepts of the structure, function and regulation of RyRs and assesses the current state of understanding of their roles in associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna T Lanner
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Houston, Texas 77030,USA
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113
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Wu C, Liu T, Chen W, Oka SI, Fu C, Jain MR, Parrott AM, Baykal AT, Sadoshima J, Li H. Redox regulatory mechanism of transnitrosylation by thioredoxin. Mol Cell Proteomics 2010; 9:2262-75. [PMID: 20660346 PMCID: PMC2953919 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m110.000034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2010] [Revised: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transnitrosylation and denitrosylation are emerging as key post-translational modification events in regulating both normal physiology and a wide spectrum of human diseases. Thioredoxin 1 (Trx1) is a conserved antioxidant that functions as a classic disulfide reductase. It also catalyzes the transnitrosylation or denitrosylation of caspase 3 (Casp3), underscoring its central role in determining Casp3 nitrosylation specificity. However, the mechanisms that regulate Trx1 transnitrosylation and denitrosylation of specific targets are unresolved. Here we used an optimized mass spectrometric method to demonstrate that Trx1 is itself nitrosylated by S-nitrosoglutathione at Cys(73) only after the formation of a Cys(32)-Cys(35) disulfide bond upon which the disulfide reductase and denitrosylase activities of Trx1 are attenuated. Following nitrosylation, Trx1 subsequently transnitrosylates Casp3. Overexpression of Trx1(C32S/C35S) (a mutant Trx1 with both Cys(32) and Cys(35) replaced by serine to mimic the disulfide reductase-inactive Trx1) in HeLa cells promoted the nitrosylation of specific target proteins. Using a global proteomics approach, we identified 47 novel Trx1 transnitrosylation target protein candidates. From further bioinformatics analysis of this set of nitrosylated peptides, we identified consensus motifs that are likely to be the determinants of Trx1-mediated transnitrosylation specificity. Among these proteins, we confirmed that Trx1 directly transnitrosylates peroxiredoxin 1 at Cys(173) and Cys(83) and protects it from H(2)O(2)-induced overoxidation. Functionally, we found that Cys(73)-mediated Trx1 transnitrosylation of target proteins is important for protecting HeLa cells from apoptosis. These data demonstrate that the ability of Trx1 to transnitrosylate target proteins is regulated by a crucial stepwise oxidative and nitrosative modification of specific cysteines, suggesting that Trx1, as a master regulator of redox signaling, can modulate target proteins via alternating modalities of reduction and nitrosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changgong Wu
- From the ‡Center for Advanced Proteomics Research and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ)-New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center, Newark, New Jersey 07103
| | - Tong Liu
- From the ‡Center for Advanced Proteomics Research and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ)-New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center, Newark, New Jersey 07103
| | - Wei Chen
- From the ‡Center for Advanced Proteomics Research and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ)-New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center, Newark, New Jersey 07103
| | - Shin-ichi Oka
- §Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103
| | - Cexiong Fu
- From the ‡Center for Advanced Proteomics Research and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ)-New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center, Newark, New Jersey 07103
- ¶Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11743, and
| | - Mohit Raja Jain
- From the ‡Center for Advanced Proteomics Research and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ)-New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center, Newark, New Jersey 07103
| | - Andrew Myles Parrott
- From the ‡Center for Advanced Proteomics Research and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ)-New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center, Newark, New Jersey 07103
| | - Ahmet Tarik Baykal
- From the ‡Center for Advanced Proteomics Research and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ)-New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center, Newark, New Jersey 07103
- ‖Research Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, TUBITAK-Marmara Arastirma Merkezi, 41470 Gebze, Turkey
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- §Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103
| | - Hong Li
- From the ‡Center for Advanced Proteomics Research and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ)-New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center, Newark, New Jersey 07103
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114
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Wang H, Viatchenko-Karpinski S, Sun J, Györke I, Benkusky NA, Kohr MJ, Valdivia HH, Murphy E, Györke S, Ziolo MT. Regulation of myocyte contraction via neuronal nitric oxide synthase: role of ryanodine receptor S-nitrosylation. J Physiol 2010; 588:2905-17. [PMID: 20530114 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2010.192617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) release channel (ryanodine receptor, RyR2) has been proposed to be an end target of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1) signalling. The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanism of NOS1 modulation of RyR2 activity and the corresponding effect on myocyte function. Myocytes were isolated from NOS1 knockout (NOS1(/)) and wild-type mice. NOS1(/) myocytes displayed a decreased fractional SR Ca(2+) release, NOS1 knockout also led to reduced RyR2 S-nitrosylation levels. RyR2 channels from NOS1(/) hearts had decreased RyR2 open probability. Additionally, knockout of NOS1 led to a decrease in [(3)H]ryanodine binding, Ca(2+) spark frequency (CaSpF) and a rightward shift in the SR Ca(2+) leak/load relationship. Similar effects were observed with acute inhibition of NOS1. These data are indicative of decreased RyR2 activity in myocytes with NOS1 knockout or acute inhibition. Interestingly, the NO donor and nitrosylating agent SNAP reversed the depressed RyR2 open probability, the reduced CaSpF, and caused a leftward shift in the leak/load relationship in NOS1(/) myocytes. SNAP also normalized Ca(2+) transient and cell shortening amplitudes and SR fractional release in myocytes with NOS1 knockout or acute inhibition. Furthermore, SNAP was able to normalize the RyR2 S-nitrosylation levels. These data suggest that NOS1 signalling increases RyR2 activity via S-nitrosylation, which contributes to the NOS1-induced positive inotropic effect. Thus, RyR2 is an important end target of NOS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglan Wang
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ohio State University, 1645 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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115
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Intracellular Ca2+ storage in health and disease: a dynamic equilibrium. Cell Calcium 2010; 47:297-314. [PMID: 20189643 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2010.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2009] [Revised: 01/31/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Homeostatic control of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) both as the site for protein handling (synthesis, folding, trafficking, disaggregation and degradation) and as a Ca2+ store is of crucial importance for correct functioning of the cell. Disturbance of the homeostatic control mechanisms leads to a vast array of severe pathologies. The Ca2+ content of the ER is a dynamic equilibrium between active uptake via Ca2+ pumps and Ca2+ release by a number of highly regulated Ca2+-release channels. Regulation of the Ca2+-release channels is very complex and several mechanisms are still poorly understood or controversial. There is increasing evidence that a number of unrelated proteins, either by themselves or in association with other Ca2+ channels, can provide additional Ca2+-leak pathways. The ER is a dynamic organelle and changes in its size and components have been described, either as a result of (de)differentiation processes affecting the secretory capacity of cells, or as a result of adaptation mechanisms to diverse stress conditions such as the unfolded protein response and autophagy. In this review we want to give an overview of the current knowledge of the (short-term) regulatory mechanisms that affect Ca2+-release and Ca2+-leak pathways and of the (long-term) adaptations in ER size and capacity. Understanding of the consequences of these mechanisms for cellular Ca2+ signaling could provide a huge therapeutic potential.
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116
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Trebak M, Ginnan R, Singer HA, Jourd'heuil D. Interplay between calcium and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species: an essential paradigm for vascular smooth muscle signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2010; 12:657-74. [PMID: 19719386 PMCID: PMC2861541 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.2842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Signaling cascades initiated or regulated by calcium (Ca(2+)), reactive oxygen (ROS), and nitrogen (RNS) species are essential to diverse physiological and pathological processes in vascular smooth muscle. Stimuli-induced changes in intracellular Ca(2+) regulate the activity of primary ROS and RNS, producing enzymes including NADPH oxidases (Nox) and nitric oxide synthases (NOS). At the same time, alteration in intracellular ROS and RNS production reciprocates through redox-based post-translational modifications altering Ca(2+) signaling networks. These may include Ca(2+) pumps such as sarcoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA), voltage-gated channels, transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC), melastatin2 (TRPM2), and ankyrin1 (TRPA1) channels, store operated Ca(2+) channels such as Orai1/stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), and Ca(2+) effectors such as Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). In this review, we summarize and highlight current experimental evidence supporting the idea that cross-talk between Ca(2+) and ROS/RNS may represent a well-integrated signaling network in vascular smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Trebak
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, New York, USA
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117
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Meissner G. Regulation of Ryanodine Receptor Ion Channels Through Posttranslational Modifications. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2010; 66:91-113. [PMID: 21666757 PMCID: PMC3110714 DOI: 10.1016/s1063-5823(10)66005-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Meissner
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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118
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Abstract
The ubiquitous cellular influence of nitric oxide (NO) is exerted substantially through protein S-nitrosylation. Whereas NO is highly promiscuous, physiological S-nitrosylation is typically restricted to one or very few Cys residue(s) in target proteins. The molecular basis for this specificity may derive from properties of the target protein, the S-nitrosylating species, or both. Here, we describe a protein microarray-based approach to investigate determinants of S-nitrosylation by biologically relevant low-mass S-nitrosothiols (SNOs). We identify large sets of yeast and human target proteins, among which those with active-site Cys thiols residing at N termini of alpha-helices or within catalytic loops were particularly prominent. However, S-nitrosylation varied substantially even within these families of proteins (e.g., papain-related Cys-dependent hydrolases and rhodanese/Cdc25 phosphatases), suggesting that neither secondary structure nor intrinsic nucleophilicity of Cys thiols was sufficient to explain specificity. Further analyses revealed a substantial influence of NO-donor stereochemistry and structure on efficiency of S-nitrosylation as well as an unanticipated and important role for allosteric effectors. Thus, high-throughput screening and unbiased proteome coverage reveal multifactorial determinants of S-nitrosylation (which may be overlooked in alternative proteomic analyses), and support the idea that target specificity can be achieved through rational design of S-nitrosothiols.
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119
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Structural analysis of cysteine S-nitrosylation: a modified acid-based motif and the emerging role of trans-nitrosylation. J Mol Biol 2009; 395:844-59. [PMID: 19854201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2009.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2009] [Revised: 09/28/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
S-Nitrosylation, the selective and reversible addition of nitric oxide (NO) moiety to cysteine (Cys) sulfur in proteins, regulates numerous cellular processes. In recent years, proteomic approaches that are capable of identifying nitrosylated Cys residues have been developed. However, the features underlying the specificity of Cys modification with NO remain poorly defined. Previous studies suggested that S-nitrosylated Cys may be flanked by an acid-base motif or hydrophobic areas and show high reactivity, low pK(a), and high sulfur atom exposure. In the current study, we prepared an extensive, manually curated data set of proteins with S-nitrosothiols, accounting for a variety of biochemical functions, organisms of origin, and physiological responses to NO. Analysis of this generic NO-Cys data set revealed that proximal acid-base motif, Cys pK(a), sulfur atom exposure, and Cys conservation or hydrophobicity in the vicinity of the modified Cys do not define the specificity of S-nitrosylation. Instead, this analysis revealed a revised acid-base motif, which is located more distantly to the Cys and has its charged groups exposed. We hypothesize that, rather than being strictly used for direct activation of Cys, the modified acid-base motif is engaged in protein-protein interactions thereby contributing to trans-nitrosylation as an important and widespread mechanism for reversible modification of Cys with NO moiety. For proteins lacking the revised motif, we discuss alternative mechanisms including a potential role of nitrosoglutathione as a trans-acting agent.
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120
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Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) exerts ubiquitous signaling via posttranslational modification of cysteine residues, a reaction termed S-nitrosylation. Important substrates of S-nitrosylation that influence cardiac function include receptors, enzymes, ion channels, transcription factors, and structural proteins. Cardiac ion channels subserving excitation-contraction coupling are potentially regulated by S-nitrosylation. Specificity is achieved in part by spatial colocalization of ion channels with nitric oxide synthases (NOSs), enzymatic sources of NO in biologic systems, and by coupling of NOS activity to localized calcium/second messenger concentrations. Ion channels regulate cardiac excitability and contractility in millisecond timescales, raising the possibility that NO-related species modulate heart function on a beat-to-beat basis. This review focuses on recent advances in understanding of NO regulation of the cardiac action potential and of the calcium release channel ryanodine receptor, which is crucial for the generation of force. S-Nitrosylation signaling is disrupted in pathological states in which the redox state of the cell is dysregulated, including ischemia, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Gonzalez
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Adriana Treuer
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Qi-An Sun
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jonathan S. Stamler
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Joshua M. Hare
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
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121
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Foster MW, Hess DT, Stamler JS. Protein S-nitrosylation in health and disease: a current perspective. Trends Mol Med 2009; 15:391-404. [PMID: 19726230 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2009.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 566] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Revised: 06/30/2009] [Accepted: 06/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Protein S-nitrosylation constitutes a large part of the ubiquitous influence of nitric oxide on cellular signal transduction and accumulating evidence indicates important roles for S-nitrosylation both in normal physiology and in a broad spectrum of human diseases. Here we review recent findings that implicate S-nitrosylation in cardiovascular, pulmonary, musculoskeletal and neurological (dys)function, as well as in cancer. The emerging picture shows that, in many cases, pathophysiology correlates with hypo- or hyper-S-nitrosylation of specific protein targets rather than a general cellular insult due to loss of or enhanced nitric oxide synthase activity. In addition, it is increasingly evident that dysregulated S-nitrosylation can not only result from alterations in the expression, compartmentalization and/or activity of nitric oxide synthases, but can also reflect a contribution from denitrosylases, including prominently the S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO)-metabolizing enzyme GSNO reductase. Finally, because exogenous mediators of protein S-nitrosylation or denitrosylation can substantially affect the development or progression of disease, potential therapeutic agents that modulate S-nitrosylation could well have broad clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Foster
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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122
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Laver JR, Stevanin TM, Messenger SL, Lunn AD, Lee ME, Moir JWB, Poole RK, Read RC. Bacterial nitric oxide detoxification prevents host cell S-nitrosothiol formation: a novel mechanism of bacterial pathogenesis. FASEB J 2009; 24:286-95. [PMID: 19720623 PMCID: PMC2820398 DOI: 10.1096/fj.08-128330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
S-nitrosylation is an important mediator of multiple nitric oxide-dependent biological processes, including eukaryotic cellular events such as macrophage apoptosis and proinflammatory signaling. Many pathogenic bacteria possess NO detoxification mechanisms, such as the nitric oxide reductase (NorB) of Neisseria meningitidis and the flavohemoglobins (Hmp) of Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli, which serve to protect the microorganism from nitrosative stress within the intracellular environment. In this study, we demonstrate that expression of meningococcal NorB increases the rate at which low-molecular-weight S-nitrosothiol (SNO) decomposes in vitro. To determine whether this effect occurs in cells during infection by bacteria, we induced SNO formation in murine macrophages by activation with lipopolysaccharide and γ-interferon and observed a reduced abundance of SNO during coincubation with N. meningitidis, S. enterica, or E. coli. In each case, this effect was shown to be dependent on bacterial NO detoxification genes, which act to prevent SNO formation through the removal of NO. This may represent a novel mechanism of host cell injury by bacteria.—Laver, J. R., Stevanin, T. M., Messenger, S. L., Dehn Lunn, A., Lee, M. E., Moir, J. W. B., Poole, R. K., Read, R. C. Bacterial nitric oxide detoxification prevents host cell S-nitrosothiol formation: a novel mechanism of bacterial pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay R Laver
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Beech Hill Rd., Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK.
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123
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Kim HC, Mofarrahi M, Hussain SNA. Skeletal muscle dysfunction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2009; 3:637-58. [PMID: 19281080 PMCID: PMC2650609 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s4480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a debilitating disease characterized by inflammation-induced airflow limitation and parenchymal destruction. In addition to pulmonary manifestations, patients with COPD develop systemic problems, including skeletal muscle and other organ-specific dysfunctions, nutritional abnormalities, weight loss, and adverse psychological responses. Patients with COPD often complain of dyspnea on exertion, reduced exercise capacity, and develop a progressive decline in lung function with increasing age. These symptoms have been attributed to increases in the work of breathing and in impairments in gas exchange that result from airflow limitation and dynamic hyperinflation. However, there is mounting evidence to suggest that skeletal muscle dysfunction, independent of lung function, contributes significantly to reduced exercise capacity and poor quality of life in these patients. Limb and ventilatory skeletal muscle dysfunction in COPD patients has been attributed to a myriad of factors, including the presence of low grade systemic inflammatory processes, nutritional depletion, corticosteroid medications, chronic inactivity, age, hypoxemia, smoking, oxidative and nitrosative stresses, protein degradation and changes in vascular density. This review briefly summarizes the contribution of these factors to overall skeletal muscle dysfunction in patients with COPD, with particular attention paid to the latest advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Cheol Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsang University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
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124
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Abstract
Melatonin is easily nitrosated via various mechanisms at the nitrogen atom of the indole ring to give N-nitrosomelatonin (NOMela). This mini-review provides a comprehensive view of this N-nitroso compound. With an improved procedure NOMela can now economically synthesized with low laboratory expenditure. The major chemical property of NOMela, i.e. the (formally) transfer of the NO+ function to its target nucleophile, is explained in detail and a variety of detection methods using this reaction are suggested. As the suspected carcinogenical potential of NOMela is clearly overruled it seems attractive to apply this nitroso compound for endogenous generation of S-nitrosothiols that act as nitric oxide donors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kirsch
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany.
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125
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Hamilton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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126
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Hypernitrosylated ryanodine receptor calcium release channels are leaky in dystrophic muscle. Nat Med 2009; 15:325-30. [PMID: 19198614 PMCID: PMC2910579 DOI: 10.1038/nm.1916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2008] [Accepted: 12/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is characterized by progressive muscle weakness and early death resulting from dystrophin deficiency. Loss of dystrophin results in disruption of a large dystrophin glycoprotein complex (DGC) leading to pathologic calcium (Ca2+)-dependent signals that damage muscle cells 1–5. We have identified a structural and functional defect in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release channel/ryanodine receptor (RyR1) in the mdx mouse model of muscular dystrophy that may contribute to altered Ca2+ homeostasis in dystrophic muscles. RyR1 isolated from mdx skeletal muscle exhibited an age-dependent increase in S-nitrosylation coincident with dystrophic changes in the muscle. RyR1 S-nitrosylation depleted the channel complex of FKBP12 (or “calstabin1” for calcium channel stabilizing binding protein) resulting in “leaky” channels. Preventing calstabin1 depletion from RyR1 using S107, a compound that binds to the RyR1 channel and enhances the binding affinity of calstabin1 to the nitrosylated channel, inhibited SR Ca2+ leak, reduced biochemical and histologic evidence of muscle damage, improved muscle function and increased exercise performance in mdx mice. Thus, SR Ca2+ leak via RyR1 due to S-nitrosylation of the channel and calstabin1 depletion likely contributes to muscle weakness in muscular dystrophy and preventing the RyR1-mediated SR Ca2+ leak may provide a novel therapeutic approach.
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127
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Asada K, Kurokawa J, Furukawa T. Redox- and Calmodulin-dependent S-Nitrosylation of the KCNQ1 Channel. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:6014-20. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m807158200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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128
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Sun J, Yamaguchi N, Xu L, Eu JP, Stamler JS, Meissner G. Regulation of the cardiac muscle ryanodine receptor by O(2) tension and S-nitrosoglutathione. Biochemistry 2009; 47:13985-90. [PMID: 19053230 DOI: 10.1021/bi8012627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The cardiac and skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum ryanodine receptor Ca(2+) release channels contain thiols that are potential targets of endogenously produced reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates. Previously, we showed that the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor (RyR1) has O(2)-sensitive thiols; only when these thiols are in the reduced state (pO(2) approximately 10 mmHg) can physiological concentrations of NO (nanomolar) activate RyR1. Here, we report that cardiac muscle ryanodine receptor (RyR2) activity also depends on pO(2), but unlike RyR1, RyR2 was not activated or S-nitrosylated directly by NO. Rather, activation and S-nitrosylation of RyR2 required S-nitrosoglutathione. The effects of peroxynitrite were indiscriminate on RyR1 and RyR2. Our results indicate that both RyR1 and RyR2 are pO(2)-responsive yet point to different mechanisms by which NO and S-nitrosoglutathione influence cardiac and skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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129
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Forrester MT, Foster MW, Benhar M, Stamler JS. Detection of protein S-nitrosylation with the biotin-switch technique. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 46:119-26. [PMID: 18977293 PMCID: PMC3120222 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2008] [Revised: 09/18/2008] [Accepted: 09/25/2008] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Protein S-nitrosylation, the posttranslational modification of cysteine thiols to form S-nitrosothiols, is a principle mechanism of nitric oxide-based signaling. Studies have demonstrated myriad roles for S-nitrosylation in organisms from bacteria to humans, and recent efforts have greatly advanced our scientific understanding of how this redox-based modification is dynamically regulated during physiological and pathophysiological conditions. The focus of this review is the biotin-switch technique (BST), which has become a mainstay assay for detecting S-nitrosylated proteins in complex biological systems. Potential pitfalls and modern adaptations of the BST are discussed, as are future directions for this assay in the burgeoning field of protein S-nitrosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Forrester
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, 27710
- Department of Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, 27710
| | - Matthew W. Foster
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, 27710
| | - Moran Benhar
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, 27710
| | - Jonathan S. Stamler
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, 27710
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, 27710
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Jonathan S. Stamler, Box 2612, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710. Tel: 919-684-6933; Fax: 919-684-6998;
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130
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Coles SJ, Easton P, Sharrod H, Hutson SM, Hancock J, Patel VB, Conway ME. S-Nitrosoglutathione Inactivation of the Mitochondrial and Cytosolic BCAT Proteins: S-Nitrosation and S-Thiolation. Biochemistry 2009; 48:645-56. [PMID: 19119849 DOI: 10.1021/bi801805h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Coles
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbor Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, U.K., Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, U.K
| | - Peter Easton
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbor Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, U.K., Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, U.K
| | - Hayley Sharrod
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbor Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, U.K., Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, U.K
| | - Susan M. Hutson
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbor Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, U.K., Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, U.K
| | - John Hancock
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbor Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, U.K., Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, U.K
| | - Vinood B. Patel
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbor Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, U.K., Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, U.K
| | - Myra E. Conway
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbor Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, U.K., Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, U.K
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131
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Álvarez R, Vázquez P, Pérez F, Jiménez A, Tirado A, Irles C, González-Serratos H, Ortega A. Regulation of fast skeletal muscle activity by SERCA1 vicinal-cysteines. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2008; 30:5-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s10974-008-9156-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2008] [Accepted: 11/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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132
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Santhanam L, Gucek M, Brown TR, Mansharamani M, Ryoo S, Lemmon CA, Romer L, Shoukas AA, Berkowitz DE, Cole RN. Selective fluorescent labeling of S-nitrosothiols (S-FLOS): a novel method for studying S-nitrosation. Nitric Oxide 2008; 19:295-302. [PMID: 18706513 PMCID: PMC3705760 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2008.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2007] [Revised: 07/08/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein S-nitrosation is a reversible post-translation modification critical for redox-sensitive cell signaling that is typically studied using the Biotin Switch method. This method and subsequent modifications usually require avidin binding or Western blot analysis to detect biotin labeled proteins. We describe here a modification of the Biotin Switch assay that eliminates the need for Western blot or avidin enrichment protocols and allows direct comparison of the S-nitrosation state proteins from two different samples in the same gel lane or on the same 2D gel. This S-FLOS method offers detection, identification and quantification of S-nitrosated proteins, with the potential for site-specific identification of nitrosation events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Santhanam
- The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Anesthesiology and CCM, 720 Rutland Avenue, Traylor 621, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Marjan Gucek
- The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, IBBS, 733 Broadway St., BRB 371, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Tashalee R. Brown
- The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Anesthesiology and CCM, 720 Rutland Avenue, Traylor 621, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Malini Mansharamani
- The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, IBBS, 733 Broadway St., BRB 371, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sungwoo Ryoo
- The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Anesthesiology and CCM, 720 Rutland Avenue, Traylor 621, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Christopher A. Lemmon
- The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Anesthesiology and CCM, 720 Rutland Avenue, Traylor 621, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Lewis Romer
- The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Anesthesiology and CCM, 720 Rutland Avenue, Traylor 621, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Artin A. Shoukas
- The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Anesthesiology and CCM, 720 Rutland Avenue, Traylor 621, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Dan E. Berkowitz
- The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Anesthesiology and CCM, 720 Rutland Avenue, Traylor 621, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Robert N. Cole
- The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, IBBS, 733 Broadway St., BRB 371, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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133
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To understand the principles and limits of the methodologies used for the measurement of S-nitrosylated proteins. RECENT FINDINGS Among methods for studying protein S-nitrosylation, chemoluminescence and biotin switch assay have rapidly gained popularity. However, recent findings have attempted to highlight potential pitfalls for these methods. Many assays for biological S-nitrosylated proteins are used near the limit of detection and pretreatment of the biological samples can modify the S-NO bond. These results suggest that additional controls are essential in order to identify S-nitrosylated proteins and results should be quantitatively validated using more than one methodology. SUMMARY Protein S-nitrosylation is emerging as a key mechanism by which nitric oxide regulates cell signalling. This review focuses on existing methodologies for the measurement of S-nitrosylated proteins in biological matrices and the potential pitfalls of each method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Borderie
- Laboratoire de biochimie A, Hôpital Cochin APHP, 27 rue du faubourg Saint Jacques, France.
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134
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Integrin stimulation-induced hypertrophy in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes is NO-dependent. Mol Cell Biochem 2008; 320:75-84. [PMID: 18690413 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-008-9900-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2008] [Accepted: 07/25/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged myocardial stretch typically leads to hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes. As integrins are cellular receptors of stretch, we hypothesize that integrin stimulation induces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Integrins of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) were stimulated with a peptide containing the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence for 24 h. For comparison, alpha(1)-adrenergic stimulation by phenylephrine (PE) for 24 h was applied. Saline-treated NRCMs were used as control. The hypertrophic response was quantified by measuring cell surface area (CSA). Phosphorylation of NO-synthase-1 (NOS1) was assessed by immunocytochemistry. CSA was increased by 38% (IQR 31-44%) with RGD and by 68% (IQR 64-84%) with PE versus control (both P < 0.001). NOS-1 phosphorylation was increased by 61% with RGD and by 21% with PE versus control (both P < 0.01). A general NOS-inhibitor (L-NAME) inhibited RGD-induced hypertrophy completely, but had no significant effect on PE-induced hypertrophy. Administration of NO-donor to NRCMs co-incubated with RGD + L-NAME partly restored hypertrophy (to 62% of the hypertrophic effect of RGD alone), but had no effect if incubated with PE + L-NAME. Ryanodine and BAPTA-AM inhibited RGD-induced hypertrophy completely but not that induced by PE. Integrin stimulation of NRCMs by RGD leads to hypertrophy, likely by activation of NOS-1. Abrogation of RGD-induced hypertrophic response upon NOS-inhibition and rescue of this hypertrophic effect by NO-donor suggest that integrin stimulation-induced hypertrophy of NRCMs is NO-dependent.
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135
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Janssen-Heininger YMW, Mossman BT, Heintz NH, Forman HJ, Kalyanaraman B, Finkel T, Stamler JS, Rhee SG, van der Vliet A. Redox-based regulation of signal transduction: principles, pitfalls, and promises. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 45:1-17. [PMID: 18423411 PMCID: PMC2453533 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 571] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2007] [Revised: 03/04/2008] [Accepted: 03/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oxidants are produced as a by-product of aerobic metabolism, and organisms ranging from prokaryotes to mammals have evolved with an elaborate and redundant complement of antioxidant defenses to confer protection against oxidative insults. Compelling data now exist demonstrating that oxidants are used in physiological settings as signaling molecules with important regulatory functions controlling cell division, migration, contraction, and mediator production. These physiological functions are carried out in an exquisitely regulated and compartmentalized manner by mild oxidants, through subtle oxidative events that involve targeted amino acids in proteins. The precise understanding of the physiological relevance of redox signal transduction has been hampered by the lack of specificity of reagents and the need for chemical derivatization to visualize reversible oxidations. In addition, it is difficult to measure these subtle oxidation events in vivo. This article reviews some of the recent findings that illuminate the significance of redox signaling and exciting future perspectives. We also attempt to highlight some of the current pitfalls and the approaches needed to advance this important area of biochemical and biomedical research.
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136
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Hidalgo C, Donoso P. Crosstalk between calcium and redox signaling: from molecular mechanisms to health implications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2008; 10:1275-312. [PMID: 18377233 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2007.1886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Studies done many years ago established unequivocally the key role of calcium as a universal second messenger. In contrast, the second messenger roles of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species have emerged only recently. Therefore, their contributions to physiological cell signaling pathways have not yet become universally accepted, and many biological researchers still regard them only as cellular noxious agents. Furthermore, it is becoming increasingly apparent that there are significant interactions between calcium and redox species, and that these interactions modify a variety of proteins that participate in signaling transduction pathways and in other fundamental cellular functions that determine cell life or death. This review article addresses first the central aspects of calcium and redox signaling pathways in animal cells, and continues with the molecular mechanisms that underlie crosstalk between calcium and redox signals under a number of physiological or pathological conditions. To conclude, the review focuses on conditions that, by promoting cellular oxidative stress, lead to the generation of abnormal calcium signals, and how this calcium imbalance may cause a variety of human diseases including, in particular, degenerative diseases of the central nervous system and cardiac pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Hidalgo
- Centro FONDAP de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula and Programa de Biología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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137
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Wei B, Chen Z, Zhang X, Feldman M, Dong XZ, Doran R, Zhao BL, Yin WX, Kotlikoff MI, Ji G. Nitric oxide mediates stretch-induced Ca2+ release via activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt pathway in smooth muscle. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2526. [PMID: 18575589 PMCID: PMC2424173 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2008] [Accepted: 05/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hollow smooth muscle organs such as the bladder undergo significant changes in wall tension associated with filling and distension, with attendant changes in muscle tone. Our previous study indicated that stretch induces Ca(2+) release occurs in the form of Ca(2+) sparks and Ca(2+) waves in urinary bladder myocytes. While, the mechanism underlying stretch-induced Ca2+ release in smooth muscle is unknown. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We examined the transduction mechanism linking cell stretch to Ca(2+) release. The probability and frequency of Ca(2+) sparks induced by stretch were closely related to the extent of cell extension and the time that the stretch was maintained. Experiments in tissues and single myocytes indicated that mechanical stretch significantly increases the production of nitric oxide (NO) and the amplitude and duration of muscle contraction. Stretch-induced Ca(2+) sparks and contractility increases were abrogated by the NO inhibitor L-NAME and were also absent in eNOS knockout mice. Furthermore, exposure of eNOS null mice to exogenously generated NO induced Ca(2+) sparks. The soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor ODQ did not inhibit SICR, but this process was effectively blocked by the PI3 kinase inhibitors LY494002 and wortmannin; the phosphorylation of Akt and eNOS were up-regulated by 204+/-28.6% and 258+/-36.8% by stretch, respectively. Moreover, stretch significantly increased the eNOS protein expression level. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Taking together, these results suggest that stretch-induced Ca2+ release is NO dependent, resulting from the activation of PI3K/Akt pathway in smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wei
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Morris Feldman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Xian-zhi Dong
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Robert Doran
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Bao-Lu Zhao
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-xuan Yin
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Michael I. Kotlikoff
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GJ); (MK)
| | - Guangju Ji
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (GJ); (MK)
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138
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Charles RL, Eaton P. Redox signalling in cardiovascular disease. Proteomics Clin Appl 2008; 2:823-36. [PMID: 21136882 DOI: 10.1002/prca.200780104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2007] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has almost universally and unequivocally been implicated in the pathogenesis of all major diseases, including those of the cardiovascular system. Oxidative stress in cells and cardiovascular biology was once considered only in terms of injury, disease and dysfunction. However, it is now appreciated that oxidants are also produced in healthy tissues, and they function as signalling molecules transmitting information throughout the cell. Conversely, when cells move to a more reduced state, as can occur when oxygen is limiting, this can also result in alterations in the function of biomolecules and subsequently cells. At the centre of this 'redox signalling' are oxidoreductive chemical reactions involving oxidants or reductants post translationally modifying proteins. These structural alterations allow changes in cellular redox state to be coupled to alterations in cell function. In this review, we consider aspects of redox signalling in the cardiovascular system, focusing on the molecular basis of redox sensing by proteins and the array of post-translational oxidative modifications that can occur. In addition, we discuss studies utilising proteomic methods to identify redox-sensitive cardiac proteins, as well as those using this technology more broadly to assess redox signalling in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Charles
- King's College London, Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Division, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
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139
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Maccallini C, Pietrangelo T, Mancinelli R, Amoroso R, Bettoni G, Fulle S. The excitation–contraction coupling on C2C12 skeletal muscle myotubes was modulated by NO-donor ester of gemfibrozil. Nitric Oxide 2008; 18:168-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2007.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2007] [Revised: 11/09/2007] [Accepted: 12/05/2007] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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140
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Durham WJ, Aracena-Parks P, Long C, Rossi AE, Goonasekera SA, Boncompagni S, Galvan DL, Gilman CP, Baker MR, Shirokova N, Protasi F, Dirksen R, Hamilton SL. RyR1 S-nitrosylation underlies environmental heat stroke and sudden death in Y522S RyR1 knockin mice. Cell 2008; 133:53-65. [PMID: 18394989 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2008.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2007] [Revised: 10/30/2007] [Accepted: 02/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mice with a malignant hyperthermia mutation (Y522S) in the ryanodine receptor (RyR1) display muscle contractures, rhabdomyolysis, and death in response to elevated environmental temperatures. We demonstrate that this mutation in RyR1 causes Ca(2+) leak, which drives increased generation of reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Subsequent S-nitrosylation of the mutant RyR1 increases its temperature sensitivity for activation, producing muscle contractures upon exposure to elevated temperatures. The Y522S mutation in humans is associated with central core disease. Many mitochondria in the muscle of heterozygous Y522S mice are swollen and misshapen. The mutant muscle displays decreased force production and increased mitochondrial lipid peroxidation with aging. Chronic treatment with N-acetylcysteine protects against mitochondrial oxidative damage and the decline in force generation. We propose a feed-forward cyclic mechanism that increases the temperature sensitivity of RyR1 activation and underlies heat stroke and sudden death. The cycle eventually produces a myopathy with damaged mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Durham
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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141
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Bellinger AM, Mongillo M, Marks AR. Stressed out: the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor as a target of stress. J Clin Invest 2008; 118:445-53. [PMID: 18246195 DOI: 10.1172/jci34006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past century, understanding the mechanisms underlying muscle fatigue and weakness has been the focus of much investigation. However, the dominant theory in the field, that lactic acidosis causes muscle fatigue, is unlikely to tell the whole story. Recently, dysregulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) release has been associated with impaired muscle function induced by a wide range of stressors, from dystrophy to heart failure to muscle fatigue. Here, we address current understandings of the altered regulation of SR Ca(2+) release during chronic stress, focusing on the role of the SR Ca(2+) release channel known as the type 1 ryanodine receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Bellinger
- Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA
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142
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On-gel fluorescent visualization and the site identification of S-nitrosylated proteins. Anal Biochem 2008; 377:150-5. [PMID: 18395505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2008.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2007] [Revised: 03/11/2008] [Accepted: 03/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates that S-nitrosylation of critical cysteine residues in a protein represents a common feature of protein function regulation and cell signaling. However, the progress in studying the exact role of S-nitrosylation has been hampered by a lack of rapid and accurate methods for the detection of these S-nitrosylated proteins and the exact modification sites. In this article, we report a fluorescence-based method in which the S-nitrosylated cysteines are converted into 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin-3-acetic acid (AMCA) fluorophore-labeled cysteines-termed the AMCA switch method. The labeled proteins are then analyzed by nonreducing SDS-PAGE, and the S-nitrosylated proteins can be readily detected as brilliant blue bands after the activation of ultraviolet light. Furthermore, the sites of modification can be determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) after in-gel tryptic digestion of the fluorescent band, and the recognizable AMCA tag in the MS spectra ensures the accurate site identification of the nitrosocysteines. Therefore, our method offers some apparent advantages by direct visualization of on-gel image of S-nitrosylated proteins, shorter experiment time by skipping the anti-biotin immunoblotting step, and elimination of the potential interference of endogenous biotinylated proteins. Based on this method, we detected the S-nitrosylation and the modified site in bovine serum albumin and gankyrin after in vitro S-nitrosylation. Overall, our results indicate that the AMCA switch method is a fast and accurate method to identify the S-nitrosylated protein and the modification sites.
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143
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Ryanodine receptor type-1 (RyR1) expression and protein S-nitrosylation pattern in human soleus myofibres following bed rest and exercise countermeasure. Histochem Cell Biol 2008; 130:105-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-008-0399-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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144
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Carruthers NJ, Stemmer PM. Methionine oxidation in the calmodulin-binding domain of calcineurin disrupts calmodulin binding and calcineurin activation. Biochemistry 2008; 47:3085-95. [PMID: 18275158 DOI: 10.1021/bi702044x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Calcineurin is a Ca (2+)/calmodulin-activated Ser/Thr phosphatase important in cellular actions resulting in memory formation, cardiac hypertrophy, and T-cell activation. This enzyme is subject to oxidative inactivation by superoxide at low micromolar concentrations and by H 2O 2 at low millimolar concentrations. On the basis of the hypothesis that oxidation of Met residues in calmodulin-binding domains inhibits binding to calmodulin, purified calcineurin was used to study the susceptibility of Met residues to oxidation by H 2O 2. The rate for oxidation of Met 406 in the calmodulin-binding domain was determined to be 4.4 x 10 (-3) M (-1) s (-1), indicating a high susceptibility to oxidation. Functional repercussions of Met 406 oxidation were evaluated using native enzyme and a calcineurin mutant in which Met 406 was exchanged for Leu. Measurement of fluorescent calmodulin binding demonstrated that oxidation of Met 406 results in a 3.3-fold decrease in the affinity of calmodulin for calcineurin. Calcineurin activation exhibited a loss in cooperativity with respect to calmodulin following Met 406 oxidation as shown by a reduction in the Hill slope from 1.88 to 0.86. Maximum phosphatase activity was unaffected by Met oxidation. Changes in the calcineurin-calmodulin interaction were accompanied by a 40% loss in the ability of calmodulin to stimulate binding of immunophilin/immunosuppressant to calcineurin. All effects on calmodulin binding to the native enzyme by the treatment with H 2O 2 could be reversed by treating the enzyme with methionine sulfoxide reductase. These results indicate that the calmodulin-binding domain of calcineurin is susceptible to oxidation at Met 406 and that oxidation disrupts calmodulin binding and enzyme activation. Oxidation-dependent decreases in the affinity of calmodulin for calcineurin can potentially modulate calmodulin-dependent signaling and calmodulin distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Carruthers
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
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145
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Satriano J, Cunard R, Peterson OW, Dousa T, Gabbai FB, Blantz RC. Effects on kidney filtration rate by agmatine requires activation of ryanodine channels for nitric oxide generation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2008; 294:F795-800. [PMID: 18199604 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00392.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Agmatine, decarboxylated arginine, is produced in the kidney and can increase nephron and kidney filtration rate via renal vasodilatation and increases in plasma flow. This increase in filtration rate after agmatine is prevented by administration of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors. In endothelial cells, agmatine-stimulated nitrite production is accompanied by induction of cytosolic calcium. NOS activity requires calcium for activation; however, the source of this calcium remains unknown. Ryanodine receptor (RyR) calcium-activated calcium release channels are present in the kidney cortex, and we evaluated if RyR contributes to the agmatine response. Agmatine microperfused into Bowman's space reversibly increases nephron filtration rate (SNGFR) by approximately 30%. cADP-ribose (cADPR) regulates RyR channel activity. Concurrent infusion of agmatine with the cADPR blocker 8-bromo-cADPR (2 microM) prevents the increase in filtration rate. Furthermore, direct activation of the RyR channel with ryanodine at agonist concentrations (5 microM) increases SNGFR, and, like agmatine, this increase is prevented by administration of N(G)-monomethyl-l-arginine, a nonselective NOS blocker. We demonstrate that agmatine does not elicit ADPR cyclase activity in vascular smooth muscle membranes and does not directly affect RyR calcium channel responses using sea urchin egg homogenates. These results imply interplay between endothelial cell cADPR/RyR/Ca(2+)/NO and the cADPR/RyR/Ca(2+) pathways in vascular smooth muscle cells in arterioles in the regulation of kidney filtration rate. In conclusion, we show that agmatine-induced effects require activation of cADPR and RyR calcium release channels for NO generation, vasodilation, and increased filtration rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Satriano
- Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, Univ. of California, San Diego and Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, M.C. 9111-H, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
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146
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Hare JM, Beigi F, Tziomalos K. Nitric oxide and cardiobiology-methods for intact hearts and isolated myocytes. Methods Enzymol 2008; 441:369-92. [PMID: 18554546 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(08)01221-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The cross talk between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of myocardial and vascular function. Both nitric oxide and redox-based signaling involve the posttranslational modification of proteins through S-nitrosylation and oxidation of specific cysteine residues. Disruption of this cross talk between ROS and RNS contributes to the pathogenesis of heart failure. Therefore, the elucidation of these complex chemical interactions may improve our understanding of cardiovascular pathophysiology. This chapter discusses the significant role of spatial confinement of nitric oxide synthases, NADPH oxidase, and xanthine oxidoreductase in the regulation of myocardial excitation-contraction coupling. This chapter describes techniques for assessing oxidative and nitrosative stress. A variety of assays have been developed that quantify S-nitrosylated proteins. Among them, the biotin-switch method directly evaluates endogenously nitrosylated proteins in a reproducible way. Identification of the biotinylated or S-nitrosylated proteins subjected to the biotin-switch assay are described and evaluated with a one-dimensional gel (Western blot) or with the newly developed two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis proteomic analysis. Quantifying the number of free thiols with the monobromobimane assay in a protein of interest allows estimation of cysteine oxidation and, in turn, the state of nitroso-redox balance of effector molecules. In summary, this chapter reviews the biochemical methods that assess the impact of nitroso/redox signaling in the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Hare
- Division of Cardiology and Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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147
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Liebeskind S, Korth HG, de Groot H, Kirsch M. Dependence of product formation from decomposition of nitroso-dithiols on the degree of nitrosation. Evidence that dinitroso-dithiothreitol acts solely as an nitric oxide releasing compound. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:2560-73. [DOI: 10.1039/b801583j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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148
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Deficient ryanodine receptor S-nitrosylation increases sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium leak and arrhythmogenesis in cardiomyocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:20612-7. [PMID: 18077344 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0706796104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered Ca(2+) homeostasis is a salient feature of heart disease, where the calcium release channel ryanodine receptor (RyR) plays a major role. Accumulating data support the notion that neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1) regulates the cardiac RyR via S-nitrosylation. We tested the hypothesis that NOS1 deficiency impairs RyR S-nitrosylation, leading to altered Ca(2+) homeostasis. Diastolic Ca(2+) levels are elevated in NOS1(-/-) and NOS1/NOS3(-/-) but not NOS3(-/-) myocytes compared with wild-type (WT), suggesting diastolic Ca(2+) leakage. Measured leak was increased in NOS1(-/-) and NOS1/NOS3(-/-) but not in NOS3(-/-) myocytes compared with WT. Importantly, NOS1(-/-) and NOS1/NOS3(-/-) myocytes also exhibited spontaneous calcium waves. Whereas the stoichiometry and binding of FK-binding protein 12.6 to RyR and the degree of RyR phosphorylation were not altered in NOS1(-/-) hearts, RyR2 S-nitrosylation was substantially decreased, and the level of thiol oxidation increased. Together, these findings demonstrate that NOS1 deficiency causes RyR2 hyponitrosylation, leading to diastolic Ca(2+) leak and a proarrhythmic phenotype. NOS1 dysregulation may be a proximate cause of key phenotypes associated with heart disease.
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149
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Landino LM, Koumas MT, Mason CE, Alston JA. Modification of Tubulin Cysteines by Nitric Oxide and Nitroxyl Donors Alters Tubulin Polymerization Activity. Chem Res Toxicol 2007; 20:1693-700. [PMID: 17907787 DOI: 10.1021/tx7001492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The modification of reduced cysteines of proteins by nitric oxide alters protein function, structure, and potentially, interactions with downstream signaling targets. We assessed the effect of the S-nitroso compounds S-nitrosoglutathione and S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine, the NO donor 2-(N,N-diethylamino)-diazenolate 2-oxide, and the nitroxyl donor Angeli's salt on the cysteines of the abundant cytoskeletal protein, tubulin. Total cysteine modification by each compound was quantitated and compared to peroxynitrite anion, an oxidant that we have studied previously. Angeli's salt was most effective at modifying the cysteines of tubulin and at inducing the formation of tubulin interchain disulfide bonds followed by peroxynitrite anion, S-nitrosoglutathione, S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine, and 2-(N,N-diethylamino)-diazenolate 2-oxide. S-nitrosation of tubulin by S-nitrosoglutathione and S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine was detected by the Saville assay. Our data show that tubulin interchain disulfide bond formation by these molecules correlated with inhibition of tubulin polymerization. Closer examination of the reaction of tubulin with S-nitrosoglutathione showed a concentration-dependent shift in the type of cysteine modification detected. More tubulin disulfides were detected at lower concentrations of S-nitrosoglutathione than at higher concentrations, suggesting that reduced glutathione, generated by the reaction of S-nitrosoglutathione with tubulin cysteines, reduced disulfides initially formed by S-nitrosoglutathione.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Landino
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William and Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795, USA.
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150
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Høydal MA, Wisløff U, Kemi OJ, Britton SL, Koch LG, Smith GL, Ellingsen Ø. Nitric oxide synthase type-1 modulates cardiomyocyte contractility and calcium handling: association with low intrinsic aerobic capacity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 14:319-25. [PMID: 17446814 DOI: 10.1097/hjr.0b013e3280128bef] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase (NOS-1) may be an important regulator of cardiac contractility by modifying calcium release and uptake from sarcoplasmic reticulum. Our working hypothesis was that NOS-1 modulates cardiomyocyte contractility more markedly in rat lines with low versus high congenital aerobic fitness. METHODS AND RESULTS Rats performed high-intensity interval treadmill running 5 days per week over 8 weeks; age-matched sedentary rats served as controls. At baseline before the training program, aerobic fitness measured as maximal oxygen uptake was 30% higher, and cardiomyocyte contractility measured as fractional shortening 42% higher in high than in low congenital aerobic fitness rats. Training markedly increased aerobic fitness as well as cardiomyocyte contractility, relaxation and corresponding changes in calcium transient in both lines. Selective inhibition of NOS-1 increased cardiomyocyte contractility (12-43%) and calcium transient amplitude (10-28%), prolonged time to 50% relengthening (13-52%) and time to 50% calcium decay (17-35%), in all groups. Interestingly, NOS-1-inhibition abolished the difference in systolic events between low and high congenital aerobic fitness whereas no such findings occurred in diastolic parameters. CONCLUSION NOS-1-derived nitric oxide production is a modulator of cardiomyocyte contractile performance and calcium handling in rats. It accounts for some of the difference between rats with low versus high congenital aerobic fitness, whereas it contributes little during adaptation to exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten A Høydal
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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