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Kumar A, Ekavali, Chopra K, Mukherjee M, Pottabathini R, Dhull DK. Current knowledge and pharmacological profile of berberine: An update. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 761:288-97. [PMID: 26092760 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Berberine, a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid, occurs as an active constituent in numerous medicinal plants and has an array of pharmacological properties. It has been used in Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine for its antimicrobial, antiprotozoal, antidiarrheal and antitrachoma activity. Moreover, several clinical and preclinical studies demonstrate ameliorative effect of berberine against several disorders including metabolic, neurological and cardiological problems. This review provides a summary regarding the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic features of berberine, with a focus on the different mechanisms underlying its multispectrum activity. Studies regarding the safety profile, drug interactions and important clinical trials of berberine have also been included. Clinical trials with respect to neurological disorders need to be undertaken to exploit the beneficiary effects of berberine against serious disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Also, clinical studies to detect rare adverse effects of berberine need to be initiated to draw a complete safety profile of berberine and strengthen its applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- Neuropharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Ekavali
- Neuropharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Kanwaljit Chopra
- Neuropharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Madhurima Mukherjee
- Neuropharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Raghavender Pottabathini
- Neuropharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Dinesh K Dhull
- Neuropharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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Liu X, Ji Q, Ye N, Sui H, Zhou L, Zhu H, Fan Z, Cai J, Li Q. Berberine Inhibits Invasion and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells via COX-2/PGE2 Mediated JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123478. [PMID: 25954974 PMCID: PMC4425560 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberin, extracted from Chinese herbal medicine Coptis chinensis, has been found to have anti-tumor activities. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Our current study demonstrated that berberin inhibited the in vitro and in vivo growth, migration/invasion of CRC cells, via attenuating the expression levels of COX-2/PGE2, following by reducing the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3, as well as the MMP-2/-9 expression. We further clarified that an increase of COX-2/PGE2 expression offset the repressive activity of Berberin on JAK2/STAT3 signaling, and a JAK2 inhibitor AZD1480 blocked the effect of COX-2/PGE2 on MMP-2/-9 expression. In summary, Berberin inhibited CRC invasion and metastasis via down-regulation of COX-2/PGE2- JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Ji
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Naijing Ye
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Sui
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihong Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huirong Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongze Fan
- Interventional Cancer Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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103
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Protective effect of berberine against myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury: role of Notch1/Hes1-PTEN/Akt signaling. Apoptosis 2015; 20:796-810. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-015-1122-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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104
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Dietary polyherbal supplementation decreases CD3+ cell infiltration into pancreatic islets and prevents hyperglycemia in nonobese diabetic mice. Nutr Res 2015; 35:328-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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105
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Nanduri R, Mahajan S, Bhagyaraj E, Sethi K, Kalra R, Chandra V, Gupta P. The Active Form of Vitamin D Transcriptionally Represses Smad7 Signaling and Activates Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase (ERK) to Inhibit the Differentiation of a Inflammatory T Helper Cell Subset and Suppress Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:12222-36. [PMID: 25809484 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.621839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of the active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), to transcriptionally modulate Smads to inhibit Th17 differentiation and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) has not been adequately studied. This study reports modulation of Smad signaling by the specific binding of the VDR along with its heterodimeric partner RXR to the negative vitamin D response element on the promoter of Smad7, which leads to Smad7 gene repression. The vitamin D receptor-mediated increase in Smad3 expression partially explains the IL10 augmentation seen in Th17 cells. Furthermore, the VDR axis also modulates non-Smad signaling by activating ERK during differentiation of Th17 cells, which inhibits the Th17-specific genes il17a, il17f, il22, and il23r. In vivo EAE experiments revealed that, 1,25(OH)2D3 suppression of EAE correlates with the Smad7 expression in the spleen and lymph nodes. Furthermore, Smad7 expression also correlates well with IL17 and IFNγ expression in CNS infiltered inflammatory T cells. We also observed similar gene repression of Smad7 in in vitro differentiated Th1 cells when cultured in presence of 1,25(OH)2D3. The above canonical and non-canonical pathways in part address the ability of 1,25(OH)2D3-VDR to inhibit EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravikanth Nanduri
- From the Department of Protein Science and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39 A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Sahil Mahajan
- From the Department of Protein Science and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39 A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Ella Bhagyaraj
- From the Department of Protein Science and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39 A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Kanupriya Sethi
- From the Department of Protein Science and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39 A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Rashi Kalra
- From the Department of Protein Science and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39 A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Vemika Chandra
- From the Department of Protein Science and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39 A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Pawan Gupta
- From the Department of Protein Science and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39 A, Chandigarh 160036, India
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106
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Gαq controls rheumatoid arthritis via regulation of Th17 differentiation. Immunol Cell Biol 2015; 93:616-24. [PMID: 25732870 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2015.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Gαq, the α-subunit of Gq protein, is ubiquitously expressed in mammalian cells. It initially attracted attention for its physiological significance in cardiovascular system. In recent years, studies have also indicated the important roles of Gαq in regulating immunity, supplying us a new insight into the mechanism of immune regulation. T helper type 17 (Th17) cells are potent inducers of tissue inflammation. Many studies have shown that Th17 cells are major effector cells in the pathogenesis of many experimental autoimmune diseases and human inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). One of our previous studies has shown that Gαq negatively controls the disease activity of RA. However, how Gαq controls the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease is not clear. Whether this effect is via the regulation of Th17 differentiation is still not known. We aimed to find out the role of Gαq in control of Th17 differentiation. We investigated the relationship between Gαq and Th17 in RA patients. We then investigated the mechanism of how Gαq regulated Th17 differentiation by using Gnaq(-/-) mice. We observed that the expression of Gαq was negatively associated with interleukin-17A expression in RA patients, indicating that Gαq negatively controlled the differentiation of Th17 cells. By using Gnaq(-/-) mice, we demonstrated that Gαq inhibited the differentiation of Th17 cell via regulating the activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 to control the expression of STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) and RORα (RAR-related orphan receptor-α). These data suggest the possibility of targeting Gαq to develop a novel therapeutic regimen for autoimmune disease.
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107
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Xu WJ, Wang JS. Immunosuppressive effect of Chinese medicine on T helper 17 cells. Chin J Integr Med 2015. [PMID: 25555595 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-014-1959-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
T helper (Th)17 cells have been proposed to play important roles in several human diseases. The literatures about Chinese medicine studies, which related to inhibiting Th17, were reviewed, and the Chinese medicine which could inhibit Th17 cells was summarized in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China
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108
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Chen K, Li G, Geng F, Zhang Z, Li J, Yang M, Dong L, Gao F. Berberine reduces ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial apoptosis via activating AMPK and PI3K-Akt signaling in diabetic rats. Apoptosis 2014; 19:946-57. [PMID: 24664781 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-014-0977-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Berberine (BBR), an isoquinoline alkaloid used in Chinese medicine, exerts anti-diabetic effect by lowering blood glucose and regulating lipid metabolism. It has been reported that BBR decreases mortality in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. However, the molecular mechanisms of these beneficial effects are incompletely understood. In the present study, we sought to determine whether BBR exerts cardioprotective effect against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in diabetic rats and the underlying mechanisms. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with low dose streptozotocin and fed with a high-fat diet for 12 weeks to induce diabetes. The diabetic rats were intragastrically administered with saline or BBR (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/d) starting from week 9 to 12. At the end of week 12, all rats were subjected to 30 min of myocardial ischemia and 3 h of reperfusion. BBR significantly improved the recovery of cardiac systolic/diastolic function and reduced myocardial apoptosis in diabetic rats subjected to myocardial I/R. Furthermore, in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, BBR (50 μmol/L) reduced hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced myocardial apoptosis, increased Bcl-2/Bax ratio and decreased caspase-3 expression, together with enhanced activation of PI3K-Akt and increased adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and eNOS phosphorylation. Pretreatment with either PI3K/Akt inhibitor wortmannin or AMPK inhibitor Compound C blunted the anti-apoptotic effect of BBR. Our findings demonstrate that BBR exerts anti-apoptotic effect and improves cardiac functional recovery following myocardial I/R via activating AMPK and PI3K-Akt-eNOS signaling in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Chen
- Department of Physiology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
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109
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Flego D, Severino A, Trotta F, Previtero M, Ucci S, Zara C, Pedicino D, Massaro G, Biasucci LM, Liuzzo G, Crea F. Altered CD31 expression and activity in helper T cells of acute coronary syndrome patients. Basic Res Cardiol 2014; 109:448. [PMID: 25344833 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-014-0448-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In acute coronary syndrome (ACS), T cell abnormalities are associated to a worse outcome. Loss of inhibitory activity of CD31, an Ig-like adhesion molecule, on peripheral leukocytes has been found to enhance atherosclerosis in experimental models. In this study, we examined the expression of CD31 on T cells, and its role on TCR signaling in 35 patients with non-ST elevation ACS, in 35 patients with stable angina (SA), and in 35 controls. Furthermore, 10 ACS and 10 SA patients were re-analyzed at 1-year follow-up. Flow-cytometry analysis showed that in ACS patients, CD31 expression was reduced on total CD4(+) and CD4(+)CD28(null) (P < 0.001, ACS vs. SA), on naïve (P < 0.001, ACS vs. SA) and on central-memory and effector-memory CD4(+) T cells (P < 0.05, ACS vs. SA and controls). The immunomodulatory effect of CD31 on TCR signaling of CD4(+) and CD4(+)CD28(null) T cells, was lower in ACS than SA patients (P < 0.05, for both comparisons). At 1-year follow-up, CD31 expression and function increased in ACS becoming similar to that found in SA. CD31 recruitment in the immunological synapse was lower in ACS than controls (P = 0.012). Moreover, CD31 modulated MAPK signaling and reduced the expression of T bet and Rorγ-t, necessary for Th1 and Th17 differentiation. Finally, we studied TCR signaling in CD31(+) naïve and primed T cell subsets observing a different pattern of protein phosphorylation. A CD31-mediated regulatory pathway is enhanced in SA and temporarily downregulated in ACS. As CD31 modulates both T cell activation, by increasing the threshold for TCR stimulation, and T cell differentiation, it might represent a novel molecular target to treat T cell abnormalities in ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Flego
- Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
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110
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Xu M, Xiao Y, Yin J, Hou W, Yu X, Shen L, Liu F, Wei L, Jia W. Berberine promotes glucose consumption independently of AMP-activated protein kinase activation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103702. [PMID: 25072399 PMCID: PMC4114874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine is a plant alkaloid with anti-diabetic action. Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway has been proposed as mechanism for berberine’s action. This study aimed to examine whether AMPK activation was necessary for berberine’s glucose-lowering effect. We found that in HepG2 hepatocytes and C2C12 myotubes, berberine significantly increased glucose consumption and lactate release in a dose-dependent manner. AMPK and acetyl coenzyme A synthetase (ACC) phosphorylation were stimulated by 20 µmol/L berberine. Nevertheless, berberine was still effective on stimulating glucose utilization and lactate production, when the AMPK activation was blocked by (1) inhibition of AMPK activity by Compound C, (2) suppression of AMPKα expression by siRNA, and (3) blockade of AMPK pathway by adenoviruses containing dominant-negative forms of AMPKα1/α2. To test the effect of berberine on oxygen consumption, extracellular flux analysis was performed in Seahorse XF24 analyzer. The activity of respiratory chain complex I was almost fully blocked in C2C12 myotubes by berberine. Metformin, as a positive control, showed similar effects as berberine. These results suggest that berberine and metformin promote glucose metabolism by stimulating glycolysis, which probably results from inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, independent of AMPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Xu
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xiao
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (JY); (LW)
| | - Wolin Hou
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueying Yu
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wei
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (JY); (LW)
| | - Weiping Jia
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
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111
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Muluye RA, Bian Y, Alemu PN. Anti-inflammatory and Antimicrobial Effects of Heat-Clearing Chinese Herbs: A Current Review. J Tradit Complement Med 2014; 4:93-8. [PMID: 24860732 PMCID: PMC4003708 DOI: 10.4103/2225-4110.126635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a normal immune response; but if the body's regulation of inflammation is dysfunctional, then it will have an adverse effect on the body. Although use of modern drugs for inflammation has a relieving effect, it is still unsatisfactory. Moreover, the emergence of drug-resistant strains and even new kinds of microorganisms is causing significant morbidity and mortality. Recently, more attention has been focused on herbal medicine to treat various diseases because of the ability of the herbs to affect multiple target signaling pathways and their multiple mechanisms of action. Thus, a large number of studies have reported on the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects of the traditional Chinese herbs. Literature survey was performed by conducting systematic electronic search in PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and in books. This review has listed 11 heat-clearing Chinese herbs (HCCHs) including Scutellaria baicalensis ( Huáng Qín), Coptis chinensis ( Huáng Lián), Flos Lonicerae ( Jīn Yín Hūa), Forsythia suspensa ( Lián Qiào), Isatidis Folium ( Dà Qīn Yè), Radix Isatidis ( Bǎn Lán Gēn), Viola yedoensis ( Zǐ Huā Dì Dīn), Pulsatilla Radix ( Bái Tóu Wēn), Andrographis paniculata ( Chuān Xīn Lián), Houttuynia cordata ( Yú Xīng Cǎo), and Patrinia Herba ( Bài Jiàn Cǎo), which have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects, and has described their effects through different mechanisms of action and multiple targets. Their ability to affect multiple target signaling pathways and their potential mechanisms of action contributing to their anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity may be related to their action of removing heat and counteracting toxicity. Further studies are needed on the collection of HCCHs to know the detailed mechanism of action of herbs in this group for the assessment of effective drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekik A Muluye
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan Western Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, P.R. China. ; Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, Arbegnoch Road, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yuhong Bian
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan Western Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Paulos N Alemu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan Western Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, P.R. China. ; Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, Arbegnoch Road, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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112
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Pan MH, Chiou YS, Tsai ML, Ho CT. Anti-inflammatory activity of traditional Chinese medicinal herbs. J Tradit Complement Med 2014; 1:8-24. [PMID: 24716101 PMCID: PMC3943005 DOI: 10.1016/s2225-4110(16)30052-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating epidemiological and clinical evidence shows that inflammation is an important risk factor for various human diseases. Thus, suppressing chronic inflammation has the potential to delay, prevent, and control various chronic diseases, including cerebrovascular, cardiovascular, joint, skin, pulmonary, blood, lymph, liver, pancreatic, and intestinal diseases. Various natural products from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have been shown to safely suppress proinflammatory pathways and control inflammation-associated disease. In vivo and/or in vitro studies have demonstrated that anti-inflammatory effects of TCM occur by inhibition of the expression of master transcription factors (for example, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)), pro-inflammatory cytokines (for example, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), chemokines (for example, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)-24), intercellular adhesion molecule expression and pro-inflammatory mediators (for example, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2)). However, a handful of review articles have focused on the anti-inflammatory activities of TCM and explore their possible mechanisms of action. In this review, we summarize recent research attempting to identify the anti-inflammatory constituents of TCM and their molecular targets that may create new opportunities for innovation in modern pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hsiung Pan
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shiou Chiou
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Tsai
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8520, USA
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113
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Downregulation of cellular c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase and NF-κB activation by berberine may result in inhibition of herpes simplex virus replication. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:5068-78. [PMID: 24913175 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02427-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine is a quaternary ammonium salt from the protoberberine group of isoquinoline alkaloids. Some reports show that berberine exhibits anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antiviral properties by modulating multiple cellular signaling pathways, including p53, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), and mitogen-activated protein kinase. In the present study, we investigated the antiviral effect of berberine against herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. Current antiherpes medicines such as acyclovir can lessen the recurring activation when used early at infection but are unable to prevent or cure infections where treatment has selected for resistant mutants. In searching for new antiviral agents against herpesvirus infection, we found that berberine reduced viral RNA transcription, protein synthesis, and virus titers in a dose-dependent manner. To elucidate the mechanism of its antiviral activity, the effect of berberine on the individual steps of viral replication cycle of HSV was investigated via time-of-drug addition assay. We found that berberine acted at the early stage of HSV replication cycle, between viral attachment/entry and genomic DNA replication, probably at the immediate-early gene expression stage. We further demonstrated that berberine significantly reduced HSV-induced NF-κB activation, as well as IκB-α degradation and p65 nuclear translocation. Moreover, we found that berberine also depressed HSV-induced c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation but had little effect on p38 phosphorylation. Our results suggest that the berberine inhibition of HSV infection may be mediated through modulating cellular JNK and NF-κB pathways.
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114
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Chen Y, Peng H, Chen Y, Wei H, Sun R, Tian Z. CD49a promotes T-cell-mediated hepatitis by driving T helper 1 cytokine and interleukin-17 production. Immunology 2014; 141:388-400. [PMID: 24164540 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly clear that the T-cell-mediated immune response is important in many diseases. In this study, we used concanavalin A (Con A) -induced hepatitis to investigate the role of CD49a in the molecular and cellular mechanism of the T-cell-mediated immune response. We found that CD49a(-/-) mice had significantly reduced levels of serum alanine aminotransferase and were protected from Con A-induced hepatitis. CD49a deficiency led to decreased production of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-17A (IL-17A) after Con A injection. Furthermore, we found that hepatic CD4(+) T cells and invariant natural killer T cells up-regulated CD49a expression, along with enhanced activation after Con A injection, leading to production of inflammatory cytokines by these T cells. Blockade of CD49a in vivo ameliorated Con A-induced hepatitis with reduced production of IFN-γ and IL-17A. Hence, CD49a promoted Con A-induced hepatitis through enhancing inflammatory cytokine production (IFN-γ and IL-17A) by CD4(+) T and invariant natural killer T cells. The protective effect of CD49a blockade antibody suggested a new target therapeutic molecule for intervention of T-cell-mediated liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglin Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Kapoor R, Singh S, Tripathi M, Bhatnagar P, Kakkar P, Gupta KC. O-hexadecyl-dextran entrapped berberine nanoparticles abrogate high glucose stress induced apoptosis in primary rat hepatocytes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89124. [PMID: 24586539 PMCID: PMC3930636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotized phytochemicals are being explored by researchers for promoting their uptake and effectiveness at lower concentrations. In this study, O-hexadecyl-dextran entrapped berberine chloride nanoparticles (BC-HDD NPs) were prepared, and evaluated for their cytoprotective efficacy in high glucose stressed primary hepatocytes and the results obtained compared with bulk berberine chloride (BBR) treatment. The nanotized formulation treated primary hepatocytes that were exposed to high glucose (40 mM), showed increased viability compared to the bulk BBR treated cells. BC-HDD NPs reduced the ROS generation by ∼ 3.5 fold during co-treatment, prevented GSH depletion by ∼ 1.6 fold, reduced NO formation by ∼ 5 fold and significantly prevented decline in SOD activity in stressed cells. Lipid peroxidation was also prevented by ∼ 1.9 fold in the presence of these NPs confirming the antioxidant capacity of the formulation. High glucose stress increased Bax/Bcl2 ratio followed by mitochondrial depolarization and activation of caspase-9/-3 confirming involvement of mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis in the exposed cells. Co- and post-treatment of BC-HDD NPs prevented depolarization of mitochondrial membrane, reduced Bax/Bcl2 ratio and prevented externalization of phosphatidyl-serine confirming their anti-apoptotic capacity in those cells. Sub-G1 phase apparent in high glucose stressed cells was not seen in BC-HDD NPs treated cells. The present study reveals that BC-HDD NPs at ∼ 20 fold lower concentration are as effective as BBR in preventing high glucose induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial depolarization and downstream events of apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Kapoor
- Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shruti Singh
- Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Madhulika Tripathi
- Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Priyanka Bhatnagar
- CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi University Campus, Delhi, India
| | - Poonam Kakkar
- Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kailash Chand Gupta
- Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi University Campus, Delhi, India
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Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of berberine in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:289264. [PMID: 24669227 PMCID: PMC3942282 DOI: 10.1155/2014/289264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation are proved to be critical for the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. Berberine (BBR) is a natural compound isolated from plants such as Coptis chinensis and Hydrastis canadensis and with multiple pharmacological activities. Recent studies showed that BBR had antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, which contributed in part to its efficacy against diabetes mellitus. In this review, we summarized the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of BBR as well as their molecular basis. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of BBR were noted with changes in oxidative stress markers, antioxidant enzymes, and proinflammatory cytokines after BBR administration in diabetic animals. BBR inhibited oxidative stress and inflammation in a variety of tissues including liver, adipose tissue, kidney and pancreas. Mechanisms of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of BBR were complex, which involved multiple cellular kinases and signaling pathways, such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) pathway, and nuclear factor- κ B (NF- κ B) pathway. Detailed mechanisms and pathways for the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of BBR still need further investigation. Clarification of these issues could help to understand the pharmacology of BBR in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and promote the development of antidiabetic natural products.
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Li H, Li XL, Zhang M, Xu H, Wang CC, Wang S, Duan RS. Berberine Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis by Suppressing both Cellular and Humoral Immunity. Scand J Immunol 2013; 79:12-9. [PMID: 24354407 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Li
- Department of Neurology; Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital; Shandong University; Jinan China
| | - X.-L. Li
- Department of Neurology; Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital; Shandong University; Jinan China
| | - M. Zhang
- Department of Neurology; Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital; Shandong University; Jinan China
| | - H. Xu
- Department of Neurology; Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital; Shandong University; Jinan China
- Taian City Central Hospital; Taian China
| | - C.-C. Wang
- Department of Neurology; Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital; Shandong University; Jinan China
| | - S. Wang
- Department of Neurology; Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital; Shandong University; Jinan China
| | - R.-S. Duan
- Department of Neurology; Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital; Shandong University; Jinan China
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118
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Wang Y. Attenuation of berberine on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory and apoptosis responses in β-cells via TLR4-independent JNK/NF-κB pathway. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2013; 52:532-538. [PMID: 24188583 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.840851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Context: Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-independent inflammatory and apoptosis responses contribute to β-cell failure in diabetes mellitus (DM). Berberine (BBR), a bioactive isoquinoline derivative alkaloid, ameliorates the inflammatory response in DM. Objective: This study explored the protective mechanisms of BBR on TLR4-independent inflammation response in β cells. Materials and methods: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 100 ng/ml) was used to induce the inflammatory response in NIT-1 and rat insulinoma (INS-1) cells for 24 h. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and colony formation assays were used for the determination of cell viability. The levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and insulin in cultured supernatant were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Western blot analysis was performed for the expression of p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p65 NF-κB in NIT-1 cells, and p65 NF-κB in INS-1 cells. Results: BBR (1.25, 2.5 and 5 μM) or TLR4 inhibitor (TAK-242, 1 μM) increased remarkably NIT-1 cell viability by 72.6 ± 5.0, 85.9 ± 9.3, 94.7 ± 7.1 and 92.6 ± 8.4%. The EC50 of BBR was 1.14 μM. Colony formation assay showed that BBR increased the number of colonies of NIT-1 and INS-1 cells. BBR, TAK-242 or SP-600125 (1 μM) could significantly reduce the levels of MCP-1, IL-6 and TNF-α, insulin and JNK and NF-κB phosphorylation in NIT-1 cells, as well as the p65 NF-κB in INS-1 cells. Discussion and conclusion: BBR could ameliorate LPS-induced β-cell injury through the TLR4-independent JNK/NF-κB pathway. Thus, this pathway may be a potential target for the prevention and treatment of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin Pingjin Hospital , Tianjin , P.R. China
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Park JH, Jung JH, Yang JY, Kim HS. Olive leaf down-regulates the oxidative stress and immune dysregulation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Nutr Res 2013; 33:942-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Yao J, Kong W, Jiang J. Learning from berberine: Treating chronic diseases through multiple targets. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2013; 58:854-9. [PMID: 24174332 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-013-4568-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although advances have been made, chemotherapy for chronic, multifactorial diseases such as cancers, Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes is far from satisfactory. Agents with different mechanisms of action are required. The botanic compound berberine (BBR) has been used as an over-the-counter antibacterial for diarrhea in China for many decades. Recent clinical studies have shown that BBR may be therapeutic in various types of chronic diseases. This review addresses BBR's molecular mechanisms of action and clinical efficacy and safety in patients with type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, heart diseases, cancers and inflammation. One of the advantages of BBR is its multiple-target effects in each of these diseases. The therapeutic efficacy of BBR may reflect a synergistic regulation of these targets, resulting in a comprehensive effect against these various chronic disorders. The safety of BBR may be due to its harmonious distribution into those targets. Although the single-target concept is still the principle for drug discovery and research, this review emphasizes the concept of a multiple target strategy, which may be an important approach toward the successful treatment of multifactorial chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yao
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - WeiJia Kong
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - JianDong Jiang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Vogl S, Picker P, Mihaly-Bison J, Fakhrudin N, Atanasov AG, Heiss EH, Wawrosch C, Reznicek G, Dirsch VM, Saukel J, Kopp B. Ethnopharmacological in vitro studies on Austria's folk medicine--an unexplored lore in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of 71 Austrian traditional herbal drugs. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 149:750-71. [PMID: 23770053 PMCID: PMC3791396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In Austria, like in most Western countries, knowledge about traditional medicinal plants is becoming scarce. Searching the literature concerning Austria's ethnomedicine reveals its scant scientific exploration. Aiming to substantiate the potential of medicinal plants traditionally used in Austria, 63 plant species or genera with claimed anti-inflammatory properties listed in the VOLKSMED database were assessed for their in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. MATERIAL AND METHODS 71 herbal drugs from 63 plant species or genera were extracted using solvents of varying polarities and subsequently depleted from the bulk constituents, chlorophylls and tannins to avoid possible interferences with the assays. The obtained 257 extracts were assessed for their in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. The expression of the inflammatory mediators E-selectin and interleukin-8 (IL-8), induced by the inflammatory stimuli tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and the bacterial product lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was measured in endothelial cells. The potential of the extracts to activate the nuclear factors PPARα and PPARγ and to inhibit TNF-α-induced activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in HEK293 cells was determined by luciferase reporter gene assays. RESULTS In total, extracts from 67 of the 71 assessed herbal drugs revealed anti-inflammatory activity in the applied in vitro test systems. Thereby, 30 could downregulate E-selectin or IL-8 gene expression, 28 were strong activators of PPARα or PPARγ (inducing activation of more than 2-fold at a concentration of 10µg/mL) and 21 evoked a strong inhibition of NF-κB (inhibition of more than 80% at 10µg/mL). CONCLUSION Our research supports the efficacy of herbal drugs reported in Austrian folk medicine used for ailments associated with inflammatory processes. Hence, an ethnopharmacological screening approach is a useful tool for the discovery of new drug leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Vogl
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Paolo Picker
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Judit Mihaly-Bison
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nanang Fakhrudin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Atanas G. Atanasov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elke H. Heiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Wawrosch
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gottfried Reznicek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena M. Dirsch
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Saukel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +43 1 4277 55273; fax: +43 1 4277 9552.
| | - Brigitte Kopp
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Xiao L, Yang X, Lin Y, Li S, Jiang J, Qian S, Tang Q, He R, Li X. Large adipocytes function as antigen-presenting cells to activate CD4(+) T cells via upregulating MHCII in obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2013; 40:112-20. [PMID: 26248660 PMCID: PMC4722243 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Although obesity is associated with low-grade inflammation and metabolic disorders, clinical studies suggested some obese people were metabolically healthy with smaller adipocyte size compared with metabolically abnormal obese (MAO). This indicated adipocyte size may be an important predictor underlay the distinction between MAO and metabolically healthy obese. As recent study has shown that adipocytes expressed class II major histocompatibility complex (MHCII), which functioned as APCs during obesity. However, the relationship between adipocyte hypertrophy and MHCII expression was not involved. Here we hypothesize that hypertrophic adipocytes could be associated with upregulating MHCII to influence adipose tissue metabolism. METHODS Adipocytes were sorted by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) according to the cell size from MAO mice. The activation of MHCII, T cells and related signaling molecules were examined by FACS, ELISA and western blotting. 3T3-L1 cell line and primary adipocytes were used to examine the effect of free fatty acids (FFA) on adipocytes enlargement and MHCII expression. RESULTS MAO mice had a significant increase in adipocytes size and FFA concentration. The large adipocytes from both obese and non-obese mice expressed higher levels of MHCII than small adipocytes. Importantly, large adipocytes from obese mice stimulated CD4(+) T cells to secrete more interferon (IFN)-γ. Furthermore, the activation of the JNK-STAT1 pathway was involved in upregulation of MHCII in large adipocytes. In vitro FFA treatment promoted adipocyte hypertrophy and expression of MHCII-associated genes. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that large adipocytes highly express MHCII and function as APC to stimulate IFN-γ-expressing CD4(+) T cells, in which FFA may have important roles before IFN-γ elevated. These findings suggest that adipocyte hypertrophy, rather than overall obesity, is the major contributor to adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Metabolic Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Basic Medical School, Shanghai, PR China
| | - X Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, Department of Immunology, Fudan University Basic Medical School, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Y Lin
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, Department of Immunology, Fudan University Basic Medical School, Shanghai, PR China
| | - S Li
- Key Laboratory of Metabolic Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Basic Medical School, Shanghai, PR China
| | - J Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolic Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Basic Medical School, Shanghai, PR China
| | - S Qian
- Key Laboratory of Metabolic Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Basic Medical School, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Q Tang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolic Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Basic Medical School, Shanghai, PR China
| | - R He
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, Department of Immunology, Fudan University Basic Medical School, Shanghai, PR China
| | - X Li
- Key Laboratory of Metabolic Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Basic Medical School, Shanghai, PR China
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Chai YS, Hu J, Lei F, Wang YG, Yuan ZY, Lu X, Wang XP, Du F, Zhang D, Xing DM, Du LJ. Effect of berberine on cell cycle arrest and cell survival during cerebral ischemia and reperfusion and correlations with p53/cyclin D1 and PI3K/Akt. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 708:44-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Cheng X, Wang J, Xia N, Yan XX, Tang TT, Chen H, Zhang HJ, Liu J, Kong W, Sjöberg S, Folco E, Libby P, Liao YH, Shi GP. A guanidine-rich regulatory oligodeoxynucleotide improves type-2 diabetes in obese mice by blocking T-cell differentiation. EMBO Mol Med 2013; 4:1112-25. [PMID: 23027613 PMCID: PMC3491840 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201201272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
T lymphocytes exhibit pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory activities in obesity and diabetes, depending on their subtypes. Guanidine-rich immunosuppressive oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) effectively control Th1/Th2-cell counterbalance. This study reveals a non-toxic regulatory ODN (ODNR01) that inhibits Th1- and Th17-cell polarization by binding to STAT1/3/4 and blocking their phosphorylation without affecting Th2 and regulatory T cells. ODNR01 improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in both diet-induced obese (DIO) and genetically generated obese (ob/ob) mice. Mechanistic studies show that ODNR01 suppresses Th1- and Th17-cell differentiation in white adipose tissue, thereby reducing macrophage accumulation and M1 macrophage inflammatory molecule expression without affecting M2 macrophages. While ODNR01 shows no effect on diabetes in lymphocyte-free Rag1-deficient DIO mice, it enhances glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in CD4+ T-cell-reconstituted Rag1-deficient DIO mice, suggesting its beneficial effect on insulin resistance is T-cell-dependent. Therefore, regulatory ODNR01 reduces obesity-associated insulin resistance through modulation of T-cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Cheng
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technolog, Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of the Ministry of Education, Wuhan, P. R. China.
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125
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Bi C, Li B, Cheng Z, Hu Y, Fang Z, Zhai A. Association study ofSTAT4polymorphisms and type 1 diabetes in Northeastern Chinese Han population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 81:137-40. [PMID: 23360093 DOI: 10.1111/tan.12057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Bi
- Department of Endocrinology; Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin; 150001; China
| | - B. Li
- Department of Endocrinology; Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin; 150001; China
| | - Z. Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology; Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin; 150001; China
| | - Y. Hu
- Department of Endocrinology; Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin; 150001; China
| | - Z. Fang
- Department of Endocrinology; Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin; 150001; China
| | - A. Zhai
- Department of Microbiology; Harbin Medical University; Harbin; 150081; China
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Jiang JF, Wang YG, Hu J, Lei F, Kheir MM, Wang XP, Chai YS, Yuan ZY, Lu X, Xing DM, Du F, Du LJ. Novel effect of berberine on thermoregulation in mice model induced by hot and cold environmental stimulation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54234. [PMID: 23335996 PMCID: PMC3545878 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of berberine (BBR) on thermoregulation in mice exposed to hot (40°C) and cold (4°C) environmental conditions. Four groups of mice were assembled with three different dosages of BBR (0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg/kg) and normal saline (control). In room temperature, our largest dosage of BBR (0.8 mg/kg) can reduce rectal temperatures (Tc) of normal mice. In hot conditions, BBR can antagonize the increasing core body temperature and inhibit the expression of HSP70 and TNFα in mice; conversely, in cold conditions, BBR can antagonize the decreasing core body temperature and enhance the expression of TRPM8. This study demonstrates the dual ability of BBR in maintaining thermal balance, which is of great relevance to the regulation of HSP70, TNFα and TRPM8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Fei Jiang
- Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Gang Wang
- Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Lei
- Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Michael M. Kheir
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Xin-Pei Wang
- Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Shuang Chai
- Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Yi Yuan
- Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Lu
- Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Ming Xing
- Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Du
- Department of Mathematics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Li-Jun Du
- Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Basophils are a rare population of granulocytes that have long been associated with IgE-mediated and Th2-associated allergic diseases. However, the role of basophils in Th17 and/or Th1 diseases has not been reported. In the present study, we report that basophils can be detected in the mucosa of Th17-associated lung and inflammatory bowel disease and accumulate in inflamed colons containing large quantities of IL-33. We also demonstrate that circulating basophils increased memory Th17 responses. Accordingly, IL-3- or IL-33-activated basophils amplified IL-17 release in effector memory T cells (T(EM)), central memory T cells (T(CM)), and CCR6(+) CD4 T cells. More specifically, basophils promoted the emergence of IL-17(+)IFN-γ(-) and IL-17(+)IFN-γ(+), but not IL-17(-)IFN-γ(+) CD4 T cells in T(EM) and T(CM). Mechanistic analysis revealed that the enhancing effect of IL-17 production by basophils in T(EM) involved the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, occurred in a contact-independent manner, and was partially mediated by histamine via H(2) and H(4) histamine receptors. The results of the present study reveal a previously unknown function for basophils in augmenting Th17 and Th17/Th1 cytokine expression in memory CD4 T cells. Because basophils accumulated in inflamed inflammatory bowel disease tissues, we propose that these cells are key players in chronic inflammatory disorders beyond Th2.
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Min S, Li L, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Liang X, Xie Y, He Q, Li Y, Sun J, Liu Q, Jiang X, Zhang Y, Che Y, Yang R. TGF-β-associated miR-27a inhibits dendritic cell-mediated differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells by TAB3, p38 MAPK, MAP2K4 and MAP2K7. Genes Immun 2012; 13:621-31. [DOI: 10.1038/gene.2012.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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129
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Cheng X, Folco EJ, Shimizu K, Libby P. Adiponectin induces pro-inflammatory programs in human macrophages and CD4+ T cells. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:36896-904. [PMID: 22948153 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.409516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Abundant experimental and clinical data support a modulatory role for adiponectin in inflammation, dysmetabolism, and disease. Because the activation of cells involved in innate and adaptive immunity contributes to the pathogenesis of diseases such as atherosclerosis and obesity, this study investigated the role of adiponectin in human macrophage polarization and T cell differentiation. Examination of the adiponectin-induced transcriptome in primary human macrophages revealed that adiponectin promotes neither classical (M1) nor alternative (M2) macrophage activation but elicits a pro-inflammatory response that resembles M1 more closely than M2. Addition of adiponectin to polyclonally activated CD4(+) T lymphocytes did not affect cell proliferation but induced mRNA expression and protein secretion of interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-6. Adiponectin treatment of CD4(+) T cells increased phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and signal transducer and activation of transcription (STAT) 4 and augmented T-bet expression. Inhibition of p38 with SB203580 abrogated adiponectin-induced IFN-γ production, indicating that adiponectin enhances T(H)1 differentiation through the activation of the p38-STAT4-T-bet axis. Collectively, our results demonstrate that adiponectin can induce pro-inflammatory functions in isolated macrophages and T cells, concurring with previous observations that adiponectin induces a limited program of inflammatory activation that likely desensitizes these cells to further pro-inflammatory stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Cheng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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130
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131
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Vrzal R, Dvorak Z. A paradigm for AhR-mediated alleviation of type 1 diabetes mellitus pathology by isoquinoline alkaloid berberine. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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132
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Bi Y, Yang R. Direct and indirect regulatory mechanisms in TH17 cell differentiation and functions. Scand J Immunol 2012; 75:543-52. [PMID: 22260240 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2012.02686.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
T helper 17 (TH17) cells have well-described roles in autoimmune diseases. The immune modulations of development and function of TH17 have become a key issue. In this review, we summarize the recent findings regarding the direct and indirect signalling regulatory mechanisms of TH17 cells in the general mouse model of autoimmune diseases and other human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Bi
- National Center for Biomedical Analysis, Army Center for Microbial Detection and Research, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences-AMMS, Beijing, China
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133
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Jia L, Liu J, Song Z, Pan X, Chen L, Cui X, Wang M. Berberine suppresses amyloid-beta-induced inflammatory response in microglia by inhibiting nuclear factor-kappaB and mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathways. J Pharm Pharmacol 2012; 64:1510-21. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2012.01529.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The neuroinflammation induced by amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) is one of the key events in Alzheimer's disease (AD) progress in which microglia are the main cells involved. Berberine, one of the major constituents of Chinese herb Rhizoma coptidis, is known for its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-microbial activity. In this study, we examined the effects and possible underlying mechanisms of berberine in Aβ-induced neuroinflammation using murine primary microglia cells and cultured BV2 microglia cells.
Methods
The effects of berberine on Aβ-stimulated inflammatory factor expression and secretion were examined using RT-PCR and ELISA analysis. The signal pathways involved in berberine's effects were also investigated using Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis.
Results
In primary microglial and BV2 cells, berberine treatment significantly inhibited Aβ-stimulated production of interleukin-6 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1. Berberine treatment down-regulated the expression of cyclo-oxygenase-2 and induced nitric oxide synthase in these cells. Moreover, berberine strongly inhibited the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) activation, presumably through blocking the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B and mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathways.
Conclusions
Our data indicated berberine is a potent suppressor of neuroflammation, presumably through inhibition of NF-κB activation, and suggested berberine has therapeutic potential for the treatment of neuroinflammation that is involved in neurological diseases such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Jia
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, China
| | - Zhen Song
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, China
| | - Xiaohua Pan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xing Cui
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, China
| | - Molin Wang
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, China
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Wang L, Liu L, Shi Y, Cao H, Chaturvedi R, Calcutt MW, Hu T, Ren X, Wilson KT, Polk DB, Yan F. Berberine induces caspase-independent cell death in colon tumor cells through activation of apoptosis-inducing factor. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36418. [PMID: 22574158 PMCID: PMC3344856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid derived from plants, is a traditional medicine for treating bacterial diarrhea and intestinal parasite infections. Although berberine has recently been shown to suppress growth of several tumor cell lines, information regarding the effect of berberine on colon tumor growth is limited. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the effects of berberine on regulating the fate of colon tumor cells, specifically the mouse immorto-Min colonic epithelial (IMCE) cells carrying the Apcmin mutation, and of normal colon epithelial cells, namely young adult mouse colonic epithelium (YAMC) cells. Berberine decreased colon tumor colony formation in agar, and induced cell death and LDH release in a time- and concentration-dependent manner in IMCE cells. In contrast, YAMC cells were not sensitive to berberine-induced cell death. Berberine did not stimulate caspase activation, and PARP cleavage and berberine-induced cell death were not affected by a caspase inhibitor in IMCE cells. Rather, berberine stimulated a caspase-independent cell death mediator, apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) release from mitochondria and nuclear translocation in a ROS production-dependent manner. Amelioration of berberine-stimulated ROS production or suppression of AIF expression blocked berberine-induced cell death and LDH release in IMCE cells. Furthermore, two targets of ROS production in cells, cathepsin B release from lysosomes and PARP activation were induced by berberine. Blockage of either of these pathways decreased berberine-induced AIF activation and cell death in IMCE cells. Thus, berberine-stimulated ROS production leads to cathepsin B release and PARP activation-dependent AIF activation, resulting in caspase-independent cell death in colon tumor cells. Notably, normal colon epithelial cells are less susceptible to berberine-induced cell death, which suggests the specific inhibitory effects of berberine on colon tumor cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and the Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Cancer Research Center, Xiamen University Medical College, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Liping Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and the Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and the Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Hanwei Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and the Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Rupesh Chaturvedi
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - M. Wade Calcutt
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Tianhui Hu
- Cancer Research Center, Xiamen University Medical College, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Keith T. Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - D. Brent Polk
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California and Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Fang Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and the Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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135
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Protective effect of isoquinoline alkaloid berberine on spontaneous inflammation in the spleen, liver and kidney of non-obese diabetic mice through downregulating gene expression ratios of pro-/anti-inflammatory and Th1/Th2 cytokines. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.09.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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136
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Zheng Y, Guo Z, He W, Yang Y, Li Y, Zheng A, Li P, Zhang Y, Ma J, Wen M, Yang M, An H, Ji G, Yu Y. Ephedrine hydrochloride protects mice from LPS challenge by promoting IL-10 secretion and inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 13:46-53. [PMID: 22446503 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 02/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis and its derivative endotoxic shock are still serious conditions with high mortality in the intensive care unit. The mechanisms that ensure the balance of proinflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokine production are of particular importance. As an active α- and β-adrenergic agonist, ephedrine hydrochloride (EH) is a widely used agent for cardiovascular diseases, especially boosting blood pressure. Here we demonstrate that EH increased Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated production of interleukin 10 (IL-10) through p38 MAPK activation. Simultaneously, EH negatively regulated the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Consistently, EH increased lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced serum IL-10 and inhibited tumor necrotic factor-α (TNFα) production in vivo. As a result, EH treatment protected mice from endotoxic shock by lethal LPS challenge. In brief, our data demonstrated that EH could contribute to immune homeostasis by balancing the production of proinflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokine in TLR4 signaling. This study provides a potential usage of EH in autoimmunologic diseases or other severe inflammations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejuan Zheng
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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137
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Yan F, Wang L, Shi Y, Cao H, Liu L, Washington MK, Chaturvedi R, Israel DA, Cao H, Wang B, Peek RM, Wilson KT, Polk DB. Berberine promotes recovery of colitis and inhibits inflammatory responses in colonic macrophages and epithelial cells in DSS-treated mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2012; 302:G504-14. [PMID: 22173918 PMCID: PMC3311435 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00312.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) results from dysregulation of intestinal mucosal immune responses to microflora in genetically susceptible hosts. A major challenge for IBD research is to develop new strategies for treating this disease. Berberine, an alkaloid derived from plants, is an alternative medicine for treating bacterial diarrhea and intestinal parasite infections. Recent studies suggest that berberine exerts several other beneficial effects, including inducing anti-inflammatory responses. This study determined the effect of berberine on treating dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced intestinal injury and colitis in mice. Berberine was administered through gavage to mice with established DSS-induced intestinal injury and colitis. Clinical parameters, intestinal integrity, proinflammatory cytokine production, and signaling pathways in colonic macrophages and epithelial cells were determined. Berberine ameliorated DSS-induced body weight loss, myeloperoxidase activity, shortening of the colon, injury, and inflammation scores. DSS-upregulated proinflammatory cytokine levels in the colon, including TNF, IFN-γ, KC, and IL-17 were reduced by berberine. Berberine decreased DSS-induced disruption of barrier function and apoptosis in the colon epithelium. Furthermore, berberine inhibited proinflammatory cytokine production in colonic macrophages and epithelial cells in DSS-treated mice and promoted apoptosis of colonic macrophages. Activation of signaling pathways involved in stimulation of proinflammatory cytokine production, including MAPK and NF-κB, in colonic macrophages and epithelial cells from DSS-treated mice was decreased by berberine. In summary, berberine promotes recovery of DSS-induced colitis and exerts inhibitory effects on proinflammatory responses in colonic macrophages and epithelial cells. Thus berberine may represent a new therapeutic approach for treating gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Lihong Wang
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and the Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, and Departments of
| | - Yan Shi
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and the Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, and Departments of
| | - Hanwei Cao
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and the Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, and Departments of
| | - Liping Liu
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and the Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, and Departments of
| | | | | | | | - Hailong Cao
- 4Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China; and
| | - Bangmao Wang
- 4Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China; and
| | - Richard M. Peek
- 3Medicine, and ,5Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee;
| | - Keith T. Wilson
- 3Medicine, and ,5Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee;
| | - D. Brent Polk
- 6Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California and Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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138
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Lin WC, Lin JY. Berberine down-regulates the Th1/Th2 cytokine gene expression ratio in mouse primary splenocytes in the absence or presence of lipopolysaccharide in a preventive manner. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 11:1984-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2011] [Revised: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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139
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Chueh WH, Lin JY. Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid, inhibits streptozotocin-induced apoptosis in mouse pancreatic islets through down-regulating Bax/Bcl-2 gene expression ratio. Food Chem 2011; 132:252-60. [PMID: 26434288 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 09/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes may cause apoptosis in pancreatic islets. Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid used for its pharmacological functions including anti-inflammation. However, the berberine effect on pancreatic islets is still not clear. This study is aimed at clarifying the protective mechanism in berberine against islet cell apoptosis. This study established in vitro experimental models using streptozotocin (STZ)-treated primary pancreatic islet cells from ICR mice to unravel the protective mechanism of berberine on islets. The Bax/Bcl-2 (pro-/anti-apoptotic) genes expression in the islets was determined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. The results showed that berberine administration at one time or before STZ-stimulation significantly (P<0.05) down-regulated the Bax/Bcl-2 genes expression ratio, compared to those in STZ-treatment alone group. Our results suggest that berberine's anti-apoptotic effect on pancreatic primary islets is through down-regulating the Bax/Bcl-2 genes expression ratio in both concurrent and preventive manners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Han Chueh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuokuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jin-Yuarn Lin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuokuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, ROC.
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140
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Berberine Ameliorates Pro-inflammatory Cytokine-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells In Vitro. Inflammation 2011; 35:841-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-011-9385-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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141
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Chen Y, Lin X, Liu Y, Xie D, Fang J, Le Y, Ke Z, Zhai Q, Wang H, Guo F, Wang F, Liu Y. Research advances at the Institute for Nutritional Sciences at Shanghai, China. Adv Nutr 2011; 2:428-39. [PMID: 22332084 PMCID: PMC3183593 DOI: 10.3945/an.111.000703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition-related health issues have emerged as a major threat to public health since the rebirth of the economy in China starting in the 1980s. To meet this challenge, the Chinese Academy of Sciences established the Institute for Nutritional Sciences (INS) at Shanghai, China ≈ 8 y ago. The mission of the INS is to apply modern technologies and concepts in nutritional research to understand the molecular mechanism and provide means of intervention in the combat against nutrition-related diseases, including type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and many types of cancers. Through diligent and orchestrated efforts by INS scientists, graduate students, and research staff in the past few years, the INS has become the leading institution in China in the areas of basic nutritional research and metabolic regulation. Scientists at the INS have made important progress in many areas, including the characterization of genetic and nutritional properties of the Chinese population, metabolic control associated with nutrient sensing, molecular mechanisms underlying glucose and lipid metabolism, regulation of metabolism by adipokines and inflammatory pathways, disease intervention using functional foods or extracts of Chinese herbs, and many biological studies related to carcinogenesis. The INS will continue its efforts in understanding the optimal nutritional needs for Chinese people and the molecular causes associated with metabolic diseases, thus paving the way for effective and individualized intervention in the future. This review highlights the major research endeavors undertaken by INS scientists in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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142
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Preparation of an anhydrous reverse micelle delivery system to enhance oral bioavailability and anti-diabetic efficacy of berberine. Eur J Pharm Sci 2011; 44:127-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2011.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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143
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Gu L, Li N, Gong J, Li Q, Zhu W, Li J. Berberine ameliorates intestinal epithelial tight-junction damage and down-regulates myosin light chain kinase pathways in a mouse model of endotoxinemia. J Infect Dis 2011; 203:1602-12. [PMID: 21592990 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jir147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to examine the protective effect of berberine in endotoxin-induced intestinal tight-junction injury in a mice model of endotoxinemia. METHODS Endotoxinemia was induced by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (10 mg/kg). Mice were randomized to 5 groups: control mice, berberine-treated mice, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-injected mice, mice pretreated with berberine, and mice administered berberine following LPS injection. Samples were collected 12 h after LPS treatment. RESULTS Ileal mucosal permeability to fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran assay indicated that berberine reduced the permeability of the gut barrier in endotoxinemia. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that pretreatement with berberine partly prevented ultrastructural disruption of tight junctions by LPS. Immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis were performed, and the results demonstrated that pretreatement with berberine partially reversed the redistribution of tight-junction proteins in colon epithelium and in membrane microdomains. Our data also indicated that pretreatement with berberine could suppress translocation, from cytoplasm to the nucleus, of nuclear factor-κB and myosin light chain kinase activation in the intestinal epithelium. CONCLUSIONS Pretreatement with berberine attenuates disruption of tight junctions in intestinal epithelium in a mice model of endotoxinemia. This may possibly have been mediated through down-regulation of the nuclear factor-κB and myosin light chain kinase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Clinical School of Nanjing, Second Military Medical University, Nanjing JingLing Hospital, Nanjing, China.
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144
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Cecil CE, Davis JM, Cech NB, Laster SM. Inhibition of H1N1 influenza A virus growth and induction of inflammatory mediators by the isoquinoline alkaloid berberine and extracts of goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis). Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 11:1706-14. [PMID: 21683808 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study we tested whether the isoquinoline alkaloid berberine can inhibit the growth of influenza A. Our experiments showed strong inhibition of the growth of H1N1 influenza A strains PR/8/34 or WS/33 in RAW 264.7 macrophage-like cells, A549 human lung epithelial-derived cells and murine bone marrow derived macrophages, but not MDCK canine kidney cells. Studies of the mechanism underlying this effect suggest that berberine acts post-translationally to inhibit virus protein trafficking/maturation which in turn inhibits virus growth. Berberine was also evaluated for its ability to inhibit production of TNF-α and PGE(2) from A/PR/8/34 infected-RAW 264.7 cells. Our studies revealed strong inhibition of production of both mediators and suggest that this effect is distinct from the anti-viral effect. Finally, we asked whether berberine-containing ethanol extracts of goldenseal also inhibit the growth of influenza A and production of inflammatory mediators. We found strong effectiveness at high concentrations, although upon dilution extracts were somewhat less effective than purified berberine. Taken together, our results suggest that berberine may indeed be useful for the treatment of infections with influenza A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad E Cecil
- Department of Microbiology, 4514 Thomas Hall, North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC 27695, United States
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145
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Dong SF, Hong Y, Liu M, Hao YZ, Yu HS, Liu Y, Sun JN. Berberine attenuates cardiac dysfunction in hyperglycemic and hypercholesterolemic rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 660:368-74. [PMID: 21458442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The positive effects of berberine (30 mg/kg/day, i.g. for 6 weeks) on cardiac dysfunction were evaluated in the rat model of hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia. Hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia were induced by feeding high-sucrose/fat diet (HSFD) consisting of 20% sucrose, 10% lard, 2.5% cholesterol, 1% bile salt for 12 weeks and streptozotocin (30 mg/kg, i.p.). The plasma sugar, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were significantly increased (422, 194 and 82%, respectively) in the HSFD/streptozotocin-treated rats, when compared with control animals receiving normal diet and vehicle. Berberine treatment reduced the plasma sugar and lipid levels by 24-69% in the rat model of hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia. Cardiac functions signed as values of cardiac output, left ventricular systolic pressure, the maximum rate of myocardial contraction (+dp/dtmax), left ventricular end diastolic pressure and the maximum rate of myocardial diastole (-dp/dtmax) were injured by 16-55% in the hyperglycemic/hypercholesterolemic rats. Berberine increased cardiac output, left ventricular systolic pressure and +dp/dtmax by 64, 16 and 79%, but decreased left ventricular end diastolic pressure and -dp/dtmax by 121 and 61% in the rats receiving HSFD/streptozotocin, respectively, when compared with the drug-untreated rats of hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia. Berberine caused significant increase in cardiac fatty acid transport protein-1 (159%), fatty acid transport proteins (56%), fatty acid beta-oxidase (52%), as well as glucose transporter-4 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), but decrease in PPARα mRNA and protein expression in hyperglycemic/hypercholesterolemic rats. These results indicated that berberine exerted protective effects on cardiac dysfunction induced by hyperglycemia/hypercholesterolemia through alleviating cardiac lipid accumulation and promoting glucose transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Fen Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
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146
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Shuttleworth S, Townsend P, Silva F, Cecil A, Hill T, Tomassi C, Rogers H, Harrison R. Progress in the development of small molecule therapeutics targeting Th17 cell function for the treatment of immune-inflammatory diseases. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2011; 50:109-133. [PMID: 21315929 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-381290-2.00003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Shuttleworth
- Karus Therapeutics Ltd., 2 Venture Road, Southampton Science Park, Southampton, SO16 7NP, UK
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147
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Application of 1H-NMR spectroscopy to validation of berberine alkaloid reagents and to chemical evaluation of Coptidis Rhizoma. J Nat Med 2010; 65:262-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-010-0490-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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148
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Han Y, Wang Q, Song P, Zhu Y, Zou MH. Redox regulation of the AMP-activated protein kinase. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15420. [PMID: 21079763 PMCID: PMC2974634 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox state is a critical determinant of cell function, and any major imbalances can cause severe damage or death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
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149
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Bi Y, Liu G, Yang R. Reciprocal modulation between TH17 and other helper T cell lineages. J Cell Physiol 2010; 226:8-13. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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150
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Qin X, Guo BT, Wan B, Fang L, Lu L, Wu L, Zang YQ, Zhang JZ. Regulation of Th1 and Th17 cell differentiation and amelioration of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by natural product compound berberine. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:1855-63. [PMID: 20622114 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0903853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Berberine (BBR), an isoquinoline alkaloid derived from plants, is widely used as an anti-inflammatory remedy in traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, we showed that BBR was efficacious in the amelioration of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) through novel regulatory mechanisms involving pathogenic Th1 and Th17 cells. BBR inhibited differentiation of Th17 cells and, to a lesser degree, Th1 cells through direct actions on the JAK/STAT pathway, whereas it had no effect on the relative number of CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. In addition, BBR indirectly influenced Th17 and Th1 cell functions through its effect on the expression and function of costimulatory molecules and the production of IL-6, which was attributable to the inhibition of NF-kappaB activity in CD11b(+) APCs. BBR treatment completely abolished the encephalitogenicity of MOG(35-55)-reactive Th17 cells in an adoptive transfer EAE model, and the same treatment significantly inhibited the ability of MOG(35-55)-reactive Th1 cells to induce EAE. This study provides new evidence that natural compounds, such as BBR, are of great value in the search for novel anti-inflammatory agents and therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Qin
- Joint Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai 200025, China
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