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Weng J, Li Y, Cai L, Li T, Peng G, Fu C, Han X, Li H, Jiang Z, Zhang Z, Du J, Peng Q, Gao Y. Elimination of Mycoplasma Contamination from Infected Human Hepatocyte C3A Cells by Intraperitoneal Injection in BALB/c Mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:440. [PMID: 29075618 PMCID: PMC5643414 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: The use of antibiotics to eliminate Mycoplasma contamination has some serious limitations. Mycoplasma contamination can be eliminated by intraperitoneal injection of BALB/c mice with contaminated cells combined with screening monoclonal cells. However, in vivo passage in mice after injection with contaminated cells requires a long duration (20-54 days). Furthermore, it is important to monitor for cross-contamination of mouse and human cells, xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) infection, and altered cell function after the in vivo treatment. The present study aimed to validate a reliable and simplified method to eliminate mycoplasma contamination from human hepatocytes. BALB/c mice were injected with paraffin oil prior to injection with cells, in order to shorten duration of intraperitoneal passage. Cross-contamination of mouse and human cells, XMRV infection and cell function-related genes and proteins were also evaluated. Methods: PCR and DNA sequencing were used to confirm Mycoplasma hyorhinis (M. hyorhinis) contamination in human hepatocyte C3A cells. Five BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with 0.5 ml paraffin oil 1 week before injection of the cells. The mice were then intraperitoneally injected with C3A hepatocytes (5.0 × 106/ml) contaminated with M. hyorhinis (6.2 ± 2.2 × 108 CFU/ml). Ascites were collected for monoclonal cell screening on the 14th day after injection of contaminated cells. Elimination of mycoplasma from cells was determined by PCR and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Human-mouse cell and XMRV contamination were also detected by PCR. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR and western blotting were used to compare the expression of genes and proteins among treated cells, non-treated infected cells, and uninfected cells. Results: Fourteen days after injection with cells, 4 of the 5 mice had ascites. Hepatocyte colonies extracted from the ascites of four mice were all mycoplasma-free. There was no cell cross-contamination or XMRV infection in treated cell cultures. Elimination of Mycoplasma resulted in partial or complete recovery in the expression of ALB, TF, and CYP3A4 genes as well as proteins. Proliferation of the treated cells was not significantly affected by this management. Conclusion: The method of elimination of Mycoplasma contamination in this study was validated and reproducible. Success was achieved in four of five cases examined. Compared to the previous studies, the duration of intraperitoneal passage in this study was significantly shorter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Weng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Artificial Organs and Tissue Engineering Centre of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Artificial Organs and Tissue Engineering Centre of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Artificial Organs and Tissue Engineering Centre of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Artificial Organs and Tissue Engineering Centre of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gongze Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Artificial Organs and Tissue Engineering Centre of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaoyi Fu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Artificial Organs and Tissue Engineering Centre of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Artificial Organs and Tissue Engineering Centre of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zesheng Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Artificial Organs and Tissue Engineering Centre of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Artificial Organs and Tissue Engineering Centre of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Artificial Organs and Tissue Engineering Centre of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Artificial Organs and Tissue Engineering Centre of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Liu D, Hu Y, Guo Y, Zhu Z, Lu B, Wang X, Huang Y. Mycoplasma-associated multidrug resistance of hepatocarcinoma cells requires the interaction of P37 and Annexin A2. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184578. [PMID: 28976984 PMCID: PMC5627893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma infection has been reported to be associated with cancer migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition as well as the resistance to nucleoside analogues chemotherapeutic drugs. In this study, we found that the sensitivity of hepatocarcinoma cells to Cisplatin, Gemcitabine and Mitoxantrone was increased by mycoplasma elimination. Similar to the effect of anti-mycoplasma agent, interrupting the interaction between Mycoplasma hyorhinis membrane protein P37 and Annexin A2 of host cells using the N-terminal of ANXA2 polypeptide enhanced the sensitivity of HCC97L cells to Gemcitabine and Mitoxantrone. Meanwhile, we did not observe any changes in expression or distribution of multidrug resistance associated transporters, ATP-Binding Cassette protein B1, C1 and G2, on the removal of mycoplasma. These results suggest that mycoplasma induces a resistance to multiple drugs in hepatocarcinoma cells which required the interaction of P37 and Annexin A2. The pathway downstream this interaction needs to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhu Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingzheng Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuelan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (YH); (XW)
| | - Yijun Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (YH); (XW)
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104
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Geller LT, Barzily-Rokni M, Danino T, Jonas OH, Shental N, Nejman D, Gavert N, Zwang Y, Cooper ZA, Shee K, Thaiss CA, Reuben A, Livny J, Avraham R, Frederick DT, Ligorio M, Chatman K, Johnston SE, Mosher CM, Brandis A, Fuks G, Gurbatri C, Gopalakrishnan V, Kim M, Hurd MW, Katz M, Fleming J, Maitra A, Smith DA, Skalak M, Bu J, Michaud M, Trauger SA, Barshack I, Golan T, Sandbank J, Flaherty KT, Mandinova A, Garrett WS, Thayer SP, Ferrone CR, Huttenhower C, Bhatia SN, Gevers D, Wargo JA, Golub TR, Straussman R. Potential role of intratumor bacteria in mediating tumor resistance to the chemotherapeutic drug gemcitabine. Science 2017; 357:1156-1160. [PMID: 28912244 PMCID: PMC5727343 DOI: 10.1126/science.aah5043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 987] [Impact Index Per Article: 141.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that microbes can influence the efficacy of cancer therapies. By studying colon cancer models, we found that bacteria can metabolize the chemotherapeutic drug gemcitabine (2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine) into its inactive form, 2',2'-difluorodeoxyuridine. Metabolism was dependent on the expression of a long isoform of the bacterial enzyme cytidine deaminase (CDDL), seen primarily in Gammaproteobacteria. In a colon cancer mouse model, gemcitabine resistance was induced by intratumor Gammaproteobacteria, dependent on bacterial CDDL expression, and abrogated by cotreatment with the antibiotic ciprofloxacin. Gemcitabine is commonly used to treat pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and we hypothesized that intratumor bacteria might contribute to drug resistance of these tumors. Consistent with this possibility, we found that of the 113 human PDACs that were tested, 86 (76%) were positive for bacteria, mainly Gammaproteobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leore T Geller
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Tal Danino
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Oliver H Jonas
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Joint Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Noam Shental
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Open University of Israel, Raanana, Israel
| | - Deborah Nejman
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nancy Gavert
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yaara Zwang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Zachary A Cooper
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kevin Shee
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Christoph A Thaiss
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alexandre Reuben
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jonathan Livny
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Roi Avraham
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dennie T Frederick
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Matteo Ligorio
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kelly Chatman
- Small Molecule Mass Spectrometry Facility, Faculty of Arts and Sciences Division of Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | - Carrie M Mosher
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Alexander Brandis
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Garold Fuks
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Candice Gurbatri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York City, NY 10027, USA
| | | | - Michael Kim
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mark W Hurd
- Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Matthew Katz
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jason Fleming
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David A Smith
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Matt Skalak
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jeffrey Bu
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Monia Michaud
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Departments of Immunology and Infectious Diseases and Genetics and Complex Diseases, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sunia A Trauger
- Small Molecule Mass Spectrometry Facility, Faculty of Arts and Sciences Division of Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Iris Barshack
- Department of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Talia Golan
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Judith Sandbank
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Keith T Flaherty
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Anna Mandinova
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Wendy S Garrett
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Departments of Immunology and Infectious Diseases and Genetics and Complex Diseases, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sarah P Thayer
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6345, USA
| | - Cristina R Ferrone
- Pancreas and Biliary Surgery Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sangeeta N Bhatia
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Division of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Ludwig Center for Molecular Oncology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Marble Center for Cancer Nanomedicine, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dirk Gevers
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jennifer A Wargo
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Todd R Golub
- HHMI, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ravid Straussman
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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