101
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α-Synuclein O-GlcNAcylation alters aggregation and toxicity, revealing certain residues as potential inhibitors of Parkinson's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:1511-1519. [PMID: 30651314 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1808845116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A compelling link is emerging between the posttranslational modification O-GlcNAc and protein aggregation. A prime example is α-synuclein, which forms toxic aggregates that are associated with neurodegeneration in Parkinson's and related diseases. α-Synuclein has been shown to be O-GlcNAcylated at nine different positions in in vivo proteomics experiments from mouse and human tissues. This raises the possibility that O-GlcNAc may alter the aggregation of this protein and could be both an important biological mediator of neurodegeneration and also a therapeutic target. Here, we expand upon our previous research in this area through the chemical synthesis of six site-specifically O-GlcNAcylated variants of α-synuclein. We then use a variety of biochemical experiments to show that O-GlcNAc in general inhibits the aggregation of α-synuclein but can also alter the structure of α-synuclein aggregates in site-specific ways. Additionally, an α-synuclein protein bearing three O-GlcNAc modifications can inhibit the aggregation of unmodified protein. Primary cell culture experiments also show that several of the O-GlcNAc sites inhibit the toxicity of extracellular α-synuclein fibers that are likely culprits in the spread of Parkinson's disease. We also demonstrate that O-GlcNAcylation can inhibit the aggregation of an aggressive mutant of α-synuclein, indicating that therapies currently in development that increase this modification might be applied in animal models that rely on this mutant. Finally, we also show that the pan-selective antibody for O-GlcNAc does not generally recognize this modification on α-synuclein, potentially explaining why it remains understudied. These results support further development of O-GlcNAcylation tools and therapeutic strategies in neurodegenerative diseases.
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102
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Viodé A, Epelbaum S, Benyounes I, Verny M, Dubois B, Junot C, Fenaille F, Lamari F, Becher F. Simultaneous quantification of tau and α-synuclein in cerebrospinal fluid by high-resolution mass spectrometry for differentiation of Lewy Body Dementia from Alzheimer's Disease and controls. Analyst 2019; 144:6342-6351. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an00751b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A novel mass spectrometry assay offers simultaneous quantification of CSF α-synuclein and tau and has potential diagnostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Viodé
- Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse (SPI)
- Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments (LEMM)
- CEA
- INRA
- Université Paris Saclay
| | - Stéphane Epelbaum
- Institut de la Mémoire et de Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A)
- Département de Neurologie
- Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix
- Paris
- France
| | - Imen Benyounes
- Service de Biochimie Métabolique
- Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix
- Paris
- France
| | - Marc Verny
- Service de Gériatrie
- Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix
- Paris
- France
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Institut de la Mémoire et de Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A)
- Département de Neurologie
- Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix
- Paris
- France
| | - Christophe Junot
- Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse (SPI)
- Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments (LEMM)
- CEA
- INRA
- Université Paris Saclay
| | - François Fenaille
- Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse (SPI)
- Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments (LEMM)
- CEA
- INRA
- Université Paris Saclay
| | - Foudil Lamari
- Service de Biochimie Métabolique
- Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix
- Paris
- France
| | - François Becher
- Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse (SPI)
- Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments (LEMM)
- CEA
- INRA
- Université Paris Saclay
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103
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Maass F, Schulz I, Lingor P, Mollenhauer B, Bähr M. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarker for Parkinson's disease: An overview. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 97:60-66. [PMID: 30543858 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease (PD), there is a wide field of recent and ongoing search for useful biomarkers for early and differential diagnosis, disease monitoring or subtype characterization. Up to now, no biofluid biomarker has entered the daily clinical routine. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is often used as a source for biomarker development in different neurological disorders because it reflects changes in central-nervous system homeostasis. This review article gives an overview about different biomarker approaches in PD, mainly focusing on CSF analyses. Current state and future perspectives regarding classical protein markers like alpha‑synuclein, but also different "omics" techniques are described. In conclusion, technical advancements in the field already yielded promising results, but further multicenter trials with well-defined cohorts, standardized protocols and integrated data analysis of different modalities are needed before successful translation into routine clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Maass
- University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Robert-Koch Strasse 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Isabel Schulz
- University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, 12 University Rd, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Lingor
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Robert-Koch Strasse 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Klinikstrasse 16, 24128 Kassel, Germany
| | - Mathias Bähr
- University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Robert-Koch Strasse 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
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104
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Brinkmalm A, Portelius E, Brinkmalm G, Pannee J, Dahlén R, Gobom J, Blennow K, Zetterberg H. Fluid-based proteomics targeted on pathophysiological processes and pathologies in neurodegenerative diseases. J Neurochem 2018; 151:417-434. [PMID: 30238462 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative dementias constitute a broad group of diseases in which abnormally folded proteins accumulate in specific brain regions and result in tissue reactions that eventually cause neuronal dysfunction and degeneration. Depending on where in the brain this happens, symptoms appear which may be used to classify the disorders on clinical grounds. However, brain changes in neurodegenerative dementias start to accumulate many years prior to symptom onset and there is a poor correlation between the clinical picture and what pathology that is the most likely to cause it. Thus, novel drug candidates having disease-modifying effects that is targeting the underlying pathology and changes the course of the disease needs to be defined using objective biomarker-based measures since the clinical symptoms are often non-specific and overlap between different disorders. Furthermore, the treatment should ideally be initiated as soon as symptoms are evident or when biomarkers confirm an underlying pathology (pre-clinical phase of the disease) to reduce irreversible damage to, for example, neurons, synapses and axons. Clinical trials in the pre-clinical phase bring a greater importance to biomarkers since by definition the clinical effects are difficult or slow to discern in a population that is not yet clinically affected. Here, we discuss neuropathological changes that may underlie neurodegenerative dementias, including how they can be detected and quantified using currently available biofluid-based biomarkers and how more of them could be identified using targeted proteomics approaches. This article is part of the special issue "Proteomics".
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Brinkmalm
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Erik Portelius
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Brinkmalm
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Josef Pannee
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Rahil Dahlén
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Johan Gobom
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
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105
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Price DL, Koike MA, Khan A, Wrasidlo W, Rockenstein E, Masliah E, Bonhaus D. The small molecule alpha-synuclein misfolding inhibitor, NPT200-11, produces multiple benefits in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16165. [PMID: 30385782 PMCID: PMC6212487 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34490-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of alpha-synuclein (ASYN) in neurons and other CNS cell types may contribute to the underlying pathology of synucleinopathies including Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Multiple Systems Atrophy (MSA). In support of this hypothesis for PD, ASYN immunopositive aggregates are a prominent pathological feature of PD, and mutations and gene multiplications of human wild type (WT) ASYN cause rare familial autosomal-dominant forms of PD. Targeted therapeutics that reduce the accumulation of ASYN could prevent or slow the neurodegenerative processes in PD and other synucleinopathies. NPT200-11 is a novel small molecule inhibitor of ASYN misfolding and aggregation. The effects of NPT200-11 on ASYN neuropathology were evaluated in animal models over expressing human alpha synuclein. Longitudinal studies using retinal imaging in mice expressing a hASYN::GFP fusion protein revealed that 2 months of once daily administration of NPT200-11 (5 mg/kg IP) resulted in a time-dependent and progressive reduction in retinal ASYN pathology. The effects of NPT200-11 on ASYN pathology in cerebral cortex and on other disease-relevant endpoints was evaluated in the Line 61 transgenic mouse model overexpressing human wild type ASYN. Results from these studies demonstrated that NPT200-11 reduced alpha-synuclein pathology in cortex, reduced associated neuroinflammation (astrogliosis), normalized striatal levels of the dopamine transporter (DAT) and improved motor function. To gain insight into the relationship between dose, exposure, and therapeutic benefit pharmacokinetic studies were also conducted in mice. These studies demonstrated that NPT200-11 is orally bioavailable and brain penetrating and established target plasma and brain exposures for future studies of potential therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana L Price
- Neuropore Therapies, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
| | - Maya A Koike
- Neuropore Therapies, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.,Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 11010 Torreyana Road, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Asma Khan
- Neuropore Therapies, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | | | - Edward Rockenstein
- University of California, San Diego, Departments of Neuroscience and Pathology, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- University of California, San Diego, Departments of Neuroscience and Pathology, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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106
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Cerebrospinal Fluid Total and Phosphorylated α-Synuclein in Patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease and Synucleinopathy. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:3476-3483. [PMID: 30136097 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1313-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
High levels of total α-synuclein (t-α-synuclein) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were reported in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD). The potential use of t-α-synuclein in the discrimination of Lewy body dementias (i.e., Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB)) is still under investigation. In addition, phospho-serine-129 α-synuclein (p-α-synuclein) has been described to be slightly increased in the CSF of synucleinopathies. Here, we analyzed t-α-synuclein and p-α-synuclein concentrations and their ratio in the context of differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. We quantified the levels of CSF t-α-synuclein and p-α-synuclein in a cohort of samples composed of neurological controls (NC), sCJD, PDD, and DLB by means of newly developed specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. T-α-synuclein and p-α-synuclein were specifically elevated in sCJD compared to other disease groups. The area under the curve (AUC) values for t-α-synuclein were higher for the discrimination of sCJD from dementias associated to Lewy bodies as compared to the use of p-α-synuclein. A combination of both markers even increased the diagnostic accuracy. An inverse correlation was observed in CSF between t-α-synuclein and p-α-synuclein, especially in the DLB group, indicating a disease-relevant association between both markers. In conclusion, our data confirm t-α-synuclein and p-α-synuclein as robust biomarkers for sCJD and indicate the potential use of colorimetric t-α-synuclein ELISAs for differential diagnosis of dementia types.
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107
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Savelieff MG, Nam G, Kang J, Lee HJ, Lee M, Lim MH. Development of Multifunctional Molecules as Potential Therapeutic Candidates for Alzheimer’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in the Last Decade. Chem Rev 2018; 119:1221-1322. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masha G. Savelieff
- SciGency Science Communications, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, United States
| | - Geewoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhye Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuck Jin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Misun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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108
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Lipid vesicles affect the aggregation of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-modified α-synuclein oligomers. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3060-3068. [PMID: 29960040 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies are characterized by accumulation of misfolded aggregates of α-synuclein (α-syn). The normal function of α-syn is still under investigation, but it has been generally linked to synaptic plasticity, neurotransmitter release and the maintenance of the synaptic pool. α-Syn localizes at synaptic terminals where it can bind to synaptic vesicles as well as to other cellular membranes. It has become clear that these interactions have an impact on both α-syn functional role and its propensity to aggregate. In this study, we investigated the aggregation process of α-syn covalently modified with 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE). HNE is a product of lipid peroxidation and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of different neurodegenerative diseases by modifying the kinetics of soluble toxic oligomers. Although HNE-modified α-syn has been reported to assemble into stable oligomers, we found that slightly acidic conditions promoted further protein aggregation. Lipid vesicles delayed the aggregation process in a concentration-dependent manner, an effect that was observed only when they were added at the beginning of the aggregation process. Co-aggregation of lipid vesicles with HNE-modified α-syn also induced cytotoxic effects on differentiated SHSY-5Y cells. Under conditions in which the aggregation process was delayed cell viability was reduced. By exploring the behavior and potential cytotoxic effects of HNE-α-syn under acidic conditions in relation to protein-lipid interactions our study gives a framework to examine a possible pathway leading from a physiological setting to the pathological outcome of PD.
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109
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Lewczuk P, Riederer P, O’Bryant SE, Verbeek MM, Dubois B, Visser PJ, Jellinger KA, Engelborghs S, Ramirez A, Parnetti L, Jack CR, Teunissen CE, Hampel H, Lleó A, Jessen F, Glodzik L, de Leon MJ, Fagan AM, Molinuevo JL, Jansen WJ, Winblad B, Shaw LM, Andreasson U, Otto M, Mollenhauer B, Wiltfang J, Turner MR, Zerr I, Handels R, Thompson AG, Johansson G, Ermann N, Trojanowski JQ, Karaca I, Wagner H, Oeckl P, van Waalwijk van Doorn L, Bjerke M, Kapogiannis D, Kuiperij HB, Farotti L, Li Y, Gordon BA, Epelbaum S, Vos SJB, Klijn CJM, Van Nostrand WE, Minguillon C, Schmitz M, Gallo C, Mato AL, Thibaut F, Lista S, Alcolea D, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Kornhuber J, Riederer P, Gallo C, Kapogiannis D, Mato AL, Thibaut F. Cerebrospinal fluid and blood biomarkers for neurodegenerative dementias: An update of the Consensus of the Task Force on Biological Markers in Psychiatry of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry. World J Biol Psychiatry 2018; 19:244-328. [PMID: 29076399 PMCID: PMC5916324 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2017.1375556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the 12 years since the publication of the first Consensus Paper of the WFSBP on biomarkers of neurodegenerative dementias, enormous advancement has taken place in the field, and the Task Force takes now the opportunity to extend and update the original paper. New concepts of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the conceptual interactions between AD and dementia due to AD were developed, resulting in two sets for diagnostic/research criteria. Procedures for pre-analytical sample handling, biobanking, analyses and post-analytical interpretation of the results were intensively studied and optimised. A global quality control project was introduced to evaluate and monitor the inter-centre variability in measurements with the goal of harmonisation of results. Contexts of use and how to approach candidate biomarkers in biological specimens other than cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), e.g. blood, were precisely defined. Important development was achieved in neuroimaging techniques, including studies comparing amyloid-β positron emission tomography results to fluid-based modalities. Similarly, development in research laboratory technologies, such as ultra-sensitive methods, raises our hopes to further improve analytical and diagnostic accuracy of classic and novel candidate biomarkers. Synergistically, advancement in clinical trials of anti-dementia therapies energises and motivates the efforts to find and optimise the most reliable early diagnostic modalities. Finally, the first studies were published addressing the potential of cost-effectiveness of the biomarkers-based diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Lewczuk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, and Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, University Hospital of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Peter Riederer
- Center of Mental Health, Clinic and Policlinic of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sid E. O’Bryant
- Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Marcel M. Verbeek
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d’Alzheimer (IM2A), Salpêtrièrie Hospital, INSERM UMR-S 975 (ICM), Paris 6 University, Paris, France
| | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lucilla Parnetti
- Section of Neurology, Center for Memory Disturbances, Lab of Clinical Neurochemistry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Charlotte E. Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Lab and Biobank, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harald Hampel
- AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Département de Neurologie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d’Alzheimer (IM2A), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l’hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Department of Neurology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Spain
| | - Frank Jessen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Lidia Glodzik
- Center for Brain Health, Department of Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mony J. de Leon
- Center for Brain Health, Department of Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne M. Fagan
- Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - José Luis Molinuevo
- Barcelonabeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Willemijn J. Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Karolinska Institutet, Department NVS, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Leslie M. Shaw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ulf Andreasson
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel and University Medical Center Göttingen, Department of Neurology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- iBiMED, Medical Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Martin R. Turner
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Inga Zerr
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- Clinical Dementia Centre, Department of Neurology, University Medical School, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ron Handels
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Karolinska Institutet, Department NVS, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | - Gunilla Johansson
- Karolinska Institutet, Department NVS, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Natalia Ermann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - John Q. Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ilker Karaca
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Holger Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Patrick Oeckl
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Linda van Waalwijk van Doorn
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Bjerke
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dimitrios Kapogiannis
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health (NIA/NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - H. Bea Kuiperij
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lucia Farotti
- Section of Neurology, Center for Memory Disturbances, Lab of Clinical Neurochemistry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Yi Li
- Center for Brain Health, Department of Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian A. Gordon
- Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stéphane Epelbaum
- Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d’Alzheimer (IM2A), Salpêtrièrie Hospital, INSERM UMR-S 975 (ICM), Paris 6 University, Paris, France
| | - Stephanie J. B. Vos
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina J. M. Klijn
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Carolina Minguillon
- Barcelonabeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matthias Schmitz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- Clinical Dementia Centre, Department of Neurology, University Medical School, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carla Gallo
- Departamento de Ciencias Celulares y Moleculares/Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Andrea Lopez Mato
- Chair of Psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology, Maimonides University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florence Thibaut
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Cochin-Site Tarnier 89 rue d’Assas, INSERM 894, Faculty of Medicine Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Simone Lista
- AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Département de Neurologie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d’Alzheimer (IM2A), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l’hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Alcolea
- Department of Neurology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Spain
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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110
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Zhang J, Culp ML, Craver JG, Darley-Usmar V. Mitochondrial function and autophagy: integrating proteotoxic, redox, and metabolic stress in Parkinson's disease. J Neurochem 2018; 144:691-709. [PMID: 29341130 PMCID: PMC5897151 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a movement disorder with widespread neurodegeneration in the brain. Significant oxidative, reductive, metabolic, and proteotoxic alterations have been observed in PD postmortem brains. The alterations of mitochondrial function resulting in decreased bioenergetic health is important and needs to be further examined to help develop biomarkers for PD severity and prognosis. It is now becoming clear that multiple hits on metabolic and signaling pathways are likely to exacerbate PD pathogenesis. Indeed, data obtained from genetic and genome association studies have implicated interactive contributions of genes controlling protein quality control and metabolism. For example, loss of key proteins that are responsible for clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria through a process called mitophagy has been found to cause PD, and a significant proportion of genes associated with PD encode proteins involved in the autophagy-lysosomal pathway. In this review, we highlight the evidence for the targeting of mitochondria by proteotoxic, redox and metabolic stress, and the role autophagic surveillance in maintenance of mitochondrial quality. Furthermore, we summarize the role of α-synuclein, leucine-rich repeat kinase 2, and tau in modulating mitochondrial function and autophagy. Among the stressors that can overwhelm the mitochondrial quality control mechanisms, we will discuss 4-hydroxynonenal and nitric oxide. The impact of autophagy is context depend and as such can have both beneficial and detrimental effects. Furthermore, we highlight the potential of targeting mitochondria and autophagic function as an integrated therapeutic strategy and the emerging contribution of the microbiome to PD susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhang
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Birmingham VA Medical Center
| | - M Lillian Culp
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Jason G Craver
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
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111
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Mochizuki H, Choong CJ, Masliah E. A refined concept: α-synuclein dysregulation disease. Neurochem Int 2018; 119:84-96. [PMID: 29305061 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
α-synuclein (αSyn) still remains a mysterious protein even two decades after SNCA encoding it was identified as the first causative gene of familial Parkinson's disease (PD). Accumulation of αSyn causes α-synucleinopathies including PD, dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Recent advances in therapeutic approaches offer new antibody-, vaccine-, antisense-oligonucleotide- and small molecule-based options to reduce αSyn protein levels and aggregates in patient's brain. Gathering research information of other neurological disease particularly Alzheimer's disease, recent disappointment of an experimental amyloid plaques busting antibody in clinical trials underscores the difficulty of treating people who show even mild dementia as damage in their brain may already be too extensive. Prodromal intervention to inhibit the accumulation of pathogenic protein may advantageously provide a better outcome. However, treatment prior to onset is not ethically justified as standard practice at present. In this review, we initiate a refined concept to define early pathogenic state of αSyn accumulation before occurrence of brain damage as a disease criterion for αSyn dysregulation disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Chi-Jing Choong
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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112
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Vicente Miranda H, Cássio R, Correia-Guedes L, Gomes MA, Chegão A, Miranda E, Soares T, Coelho M, Rosa MM, Ferreira JJ, Outeiro TF. Posttranslational modifications of blood-derived alpha-synuclein as biochemical markers for Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13713. [PMID: 29057912 PMCID: PMC5651848 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14175-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder known for the typical motor features associated. Pathologically, it is characterized by the intracellular accumulation of alpha-synuclein (aSyn) in Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites. Currently, there are no established biochemical markers for diagnosing or for following disease progression, a major limitation for the clinical practice. Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) in aSyn have been identified and implicated on its pathobiology. Since aSyn is abundant in blood erythrocytes, we aimed to evaluate whether PTMs of aSyn in the blood might hold value as a biomarker for PD. We examined 58 patients with PD and 30 healthy age-matched individuals. We found that the levels of Y125 phosphorylated, Y39 nitrated, and glycated aSyn were increased in PD, while those of SUMO were reduced. A combinatory analysis of the levels of these PTMs resulted in an increased sensitivity, with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.843 for PD versus healthy controls, and correlated with disease severity and duration. We conclude that the levels of these selected PTMs hold strong potential as biochemical markers for PD. Ultimately, our findings might facilitate the monitoring of disease progression in clinical trials, opening the possibility for developing more effective therapies against PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Vicente Miranda
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal.
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Rafaela Cássio
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Leonor Correia-Guedes
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria-CHLN, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marcos António Gomes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Chegão
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Elisa Miranda
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tiago Soares
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miguel Coelho
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria-CHLN, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mário Miguel Rosa
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria-CHLN, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joaquim J Ferreira
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal.
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Waldweg 33, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.
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113
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Brundin P, Dave KD, Kordower JH. Therapeutic approaches to target alpha-synuclein pathology. Exp Neurol 2017; 298:225-235. [PMID: 28987463 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Starting two decades ago with the discoveries of genetic links between alpha-synuclein and Parkinson's disease risk and the identification of aggregated alpha-synuclein as the main protein constituent of Lewy pathology, alpha-synuclein has emerged as the major therapeutic target in Parkinson's disease and related synucleinopathies. Following the suggestion that alpha-synuclein pathology gradually spreads through the nervous system following a stereotypic pattern and the discovery that aggregated forms of alpha-synuclein can propagate pathology from one cell to another, and thereby probably aggravate existing deficits as well as generate additional symptoms, the idea that alpha-synuclein is a viable therapeutic target gained further support. In this review we describe current challenges and possibilities with alpha-synuclein as a therapeutic target. We briefly highlight gaps in the knowledge of the role of alpha-synuclein in disease, and propose that a deeper understanding of the pathobiology of alpha-synuclein can lead to improved therapeutic strategies. We describe several treatment approaches that are currently being tested in advanced animal experiments or already are in clinical trials. We have divided them into approaches that reduce alpha-synuclein production; inhibit alpha-synuclein aggregation inside cells; promote its degradation either inside or outside cells; and reduce its uptake by neighbouring cells following release from already affected neurons. Finally, we briefly discuss challenges related to the clinical testing of alpha-synuclein therapies, for example difficulties in monitoring target engagement and the need for relatively large trials of long duration. We conclude that alpha-synuclein remains one of the most compelling therapeutic targets for Parkinson's disease, and related synucleinopathies, and that the multitude of approaches being tested provides hope for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Brundin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.
| | - Kuldip D Dave
- The Michael J Fox Foundation, New York, NY 10017, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Kordower
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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114
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Mollenhauer B, Batrla R, El-Agnaf O, Galasko DR, Lashuel HA, Merchant KM, Shaw LM, Selkoe DJ, Umek R, Vanderstichele H, Zetterberg H, Zhang J, Caspell-Garcia C, Coffey C, Hutten SJ, Frasier M, Taylor P. A user's guide for α-synuclein biomarker studies in biological fluids: Perianalytical considerations. Mov Disord 2017; 32:1117-1130. [PMID: 28734051 PMCID: PMC5638072 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease biomarkers are needed to increase diagnostic accuracy, to objectively monitor disease progression and to assess therapeutic efficacy as well as target engagement when evaluating novel drug and therapeutic strategies. This article summarizes perianalytical considerations for biomarker studies (based on immunoassays) in Parkinson's disease, with emphasis on quantifying total α‐synuclein protein in biological fluids. Current knowledge and pitfalls are discussed, and selected perianalytical variables are presented systematically, including different temperature of sample collection and types of collection tubes, gradient sampling, the addition of detergent, aliquot volume, the freezing time, and the different thawing methods. We also discuss analytical confounders. We identify gaps in the knowledge and delineate specific areas that require further investigation, such as the need to identify posttranslational modifications of α‐synuclein and antibody‐independent reference methods for quantification, as well as the analysis of potential confounders, such as comorbidities, medication, and phenotypes of Parkinson's disease in larger cohorts. This review could be used as a guideline for future Parkinson's disease biomarker studies and will require regular updating as more information arises in this growing field, including new technical developments as they become available. In addition to reviewing best practices, we also identify the current technical limitations and gaps in the knowledge that should be addressed to enable accurate and quantitative assessment of α‐synuclein levels in the clinical setting. © 2017 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brit Mollenhauer
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Richard Batrla
- Roche Diagnostics International Ltd, Rotkreuz, Switzerland
| | - Omar El-Agnaf
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), and College of Science and Engineering, HBKU, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Hilal A Lashuel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Science, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Lesley M Shaw
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Umek
- MesoScale Discovery, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, London, UK
| | - Jing Zhang
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Chelsea Caspell-Garcia
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Chris Coffey
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Samantha J Hutten
- Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mark Frasier
- Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, New York, USA
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115
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Poststroke Induction of α-Synuclein Mediates Ischemic Brain Damage. J Neurosci 2017; 36:7055-65. [PMID: 27358461 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1241-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED α-Synuclein (α-Syn), one of the most abundant proteins in the CNS, is known to be a major player in the neurodegeneration observed in Parkinson's disease. We currently report that transient focal ischemia upregulates α-Syn protein expression and nuclear translocation in neurons of the adult rodent brain. We further show that knockdown or knock-out of α-Syn significantly decreases the infarction and promotes better neurological recovery in rodents subjected to focal ischemia. Furthermore, α-Syn knockdown significantly reduced postischemic induction of phospho-Drp1, 3-nitrotyrosine, cleaved caspase-3, and LC-3 II/I, indicating its role in modulating mitochondrial fragmentation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy, which are known to mediate poststroke neuronal death. Transient focal ischemia also significantly upregulated serine-129 (S129) phosphorylation (pα-Syn) of α-Syn and nuclear translocation of pα-Syn. Furthermore, knock-out mice that lack PLK2 (the predominant kinase that mediates S129 phosphorylation) showed better functional recovery and smaller infarcts when subjected to transient focal ischemia, indicating a detrimental role of S129 phosphorylation of α-Syn. In conclusion, our studies indicate that α-Syn is a potential therapeutic target to minimize poststroke brain damage. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Abnormal aggregation of α-synuclein (α-Syn) has been known to cause Parkinson's disease and other chronic synucleinopathies. However, even though α-Syn is linked to pathophysiological mechanisms similar to those that produce acute neurodenegerative disorders, such as stroke, the role of α-Syn in such disorder is not clear. We presently studied whether α-Syn mediates poststroke brain damage and more importantly whether preventing α-Syn expression is neuroprotective and leads to better physiological and functional outcome after stroke. Our study indicates that α-Syn is a potential therapeutic target for stroke therapy.
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116
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Kim T, Vemuganti R. Mechanisms of Parkinson's disease-related proteins in mediating secondary brain damage after cerebral ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:1910-1926. [PMID: 28273718 PMCID: PMC5444552 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17694186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Both Parkinson's disease (PD) and stroke are debilitating conditions that result in neuronal death and loss of neurological functions. These two conditions predominantly affect aging populations with the deterioration of the quality of life for the patients themselves and a tremendous burden to families. While the neurodegeneration and symptomology of PD develop chronically over the years, post-stroke neuronal death and dysfunction develop rapidly in days. Despite the discrepancy in the pathophysiological time frame and severity, both conditions share common molecular mechanisms that include oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and activation of various cell death pathways (apoptosis/necrosis/autophagy) that synergistically modulate the neuronal death. Emerging evidence indicates that several proteins associated with early-onset familial PD play critical roles in mediating the neuronal death. Importantly, mutations in the genes encoding Parkin, PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 and DJ-1 mediate autosomal recessive forms of PD, whereas mutations in the genes encoding leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 and α-synuclein are responsible for autosomal dominant PD. This review discusses the significance of these proteins with the emphasis on the role of α-synuclein in mediating post-ischemic brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- TaeHee Kim
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,2 Neuroscience Training Program, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Raghu Vemuganti
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,2 Neuroscience Training Program, Madison, WI, USA.,3 Cellular & Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,4 William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
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117
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Wloka C, Van Meervelt V, van Gelder D, Danda N, Jager N, Williams CP, Maglia G. Label-Free and Real-Time Detection of Protein Ubiquitination with a Biological Nanopore. ACS NANO 2017; 11:4387-4394. [PMID: 28353339 PMCID: PMC5444049 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b07760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The covalent addition of ubiquitin to target proteins is a key post-translational modification that is linked to a myriad of biological processes. Here, we report a fast, single-molecule, and label-free method to probe the ubiquitination of proteins employing an engineered Cytolysin A (ClyA) nanopore. We show that ionic currents can be used to recognize mono- and polyubiquitinated forms of native proteins under physiological conditions. Using defined conjugates, we also show that isomeric monoubiquitinated proteins can be discriminated. The nanopore approach allows following the ubiquitination reaction in real time, which will accelerate the understanding of fundamental mechanisms linked to protein ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Wloka
- Chemical
Biology I, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute
(GBB), University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Dewi van Gelder
- Molecular
Cell Biology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute
(GBB), University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Natasha Danda
- Molecular
Cell Biology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute
(GBB), University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke Jager
- Chemical
Biology I, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute
(GBB), University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Chris P. Williams
- Molecular
Cell Biology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute
(GBB), University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- E-mail:
| | - Giovanni Maglia
- Chemical
Biology I, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute
(GBB), University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- E-mail:
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118
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Validation of electrochemiluminescence assays for highly sensitive and reproducible quantification of α-synuclein in cerebrospinal fluid. Bioanalysis 2017; 9:621-630. [PMID: 28504552 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2017-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM α-Synuclein (aSyn), a putative cerebrospinal fluid biomarker, may support the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. Previous studies led to conflicting results due to different preanalytical and analytical procedures. Standardized assays are required to allow for comparison of results from different laboratories. MATERIALS & METHODS We performed a side-by-side validation of a commercially available (MSD, MD, USA) and a 'homebrew' assay for quantification of aSyn according to published guidelines. RESULTS The data showed high sensitivity and reproducibility for both assays. Preanalytical and analytical parameters did not affect the outcome of measurements. CONCLUSION We conclude that both assays are very close in performance and suitable for research application of cerebrospinal fluid aSyn.
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119
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Uversky VN. Looking at the recent advances in understanding α-synuclein and its aggregation through the proteoform prism. F1000Res 2017; 6:525. [PMID: 28491292 PMCID: PMC5399969 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.10536.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite attracting the close attention of multiple researchers for the past 25 years, α-synuclein continues to be an enigma, hiding sacred truth related to its structure, function, and dysfunction, concealing mechanisms of its pathological spread within the affected brain during disease progression, and, above all, covering up the molecular mechanisms of its multipathogenicity, i.e. the ability to be associated with the pathogenesis of various diseases. The goal of this article is to present the most recent advances in understanding of this protein and its aggregation and to show that the remarkable structural, functional, and dysfunctional multifaceted nature of α-synuclein can be understood using the proteoform concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd. MDC07, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA.,Laboratory of New Methods in Biology, Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, 7 Institutskaya St., 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russian Federation.,Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding Of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Av., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
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120
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Mali SM, Singh SK, Eid E, Brik A. Ubiquitin Signaling: Chemistry Comes to the Rescue. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:4971-4986. [PMID: 28328208 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Posttranslational modification of proteins by ubiquitin (Ub), i.e., ubiquitination, mediates a variety of cellular processes, including protein homeostasis, cell cycle, DNA repair, and viral infections. Understanding the molecular mechanism of ubiquitination in these events is the basis for unraveling its precise role in health and disease. However, the inherent complexity of Ub signaling due to the high atomic complexity of Ub conjugates, where Ub is attached to other Ub molecules and to protein substrates in various forms, imposes a major challenge for these studies. In this regard, the enzymatic approaches employed for the preparation of important Ub conjugates have severe limitations to deliver them in high homogeneity and in adequate amounts for the desired study. Recent developments in the area of chemical synthesis and semisynthesis of proteins offer great solutions to the enzymatic limitations and enabling the preparation of various Ub conjugates with precise control over the atomic structure. These conjugates significantly contribute to deciphering Ub signaling at the molecular level, and with the synthetic tools in hand, chemical biologists have become key players in efforts toward understanding the complexity of the Ub code. In this Perspective, we highlight the key contributions of these synthetic approaches and how the development of novel Ub-based reagents is greatly assisting in uncovering unknown aspects of Ub signaling. We also discuss future aspirations to address unresolved questions in this exciting area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachitanand M Mali
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , 3200008 Haifa, Israel
| | - Sumeet K Singh
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , 3200008 Haifa, Israel
| | - Emad Eid
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , 3200008 Haifa, Israel
| | - Ashraf Brik
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , 3200008 Haifa, Israel
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121
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Johar I, Mollenhauer B, Aarsland D. Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Cognitive Decline in Parkinson's Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 132:275-294. [PMID: 28554411 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Among the nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD), cognitive impairment is one of the most common and devastating. Over recent years, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has become a recognized feature of PD (PD-MCI). The underlying mechanisms which influence onset, rate of decline, and conversion to dementia (PDD) are largely unknown. Adding to this uncertainty is the heterogeneity of cognitive domains affected. Currently there are no disease-modifying treatments that can slow or reverse this process. Identification of biomarkers that can predict rate and risk of cognitive decline is therefore an unmet need. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an ideal biomarker candidate as its constituents reflect the metabolic processes underlying the functioning of brain parenchyma. The pathological hallmark of PD is the presence of aggregated α-synuclein (α-Syn) in intracellular Lewy inclusions. In addition, there is concomitant Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. In AD, decreased CSF β-amyloid 1-42 (Aβ42) and increased CSF tau levels are predictive of future cognitive decline, setting a precedent for such studies to be carried out in PD. CSF studies in PD have focused on the classical AD biomarkers and α-Syn. Longitudinal studies indicate that low levels of CSF Aβ42 are predictive of cognitive decline; however, results for tau and α-Syn were not consistent. This chapter summarizes recent findings of CSF biomarker studies and cognitive dysfunction in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iskandar Johar
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany; University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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122
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Hecel A, De Ricco R, Valensin D. Influence of membrane environments and copper ions on the structural features of amyloidogenic proteins correlated to neurodegeneration. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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123
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Alpha-Synuclein in Parkinson's Disease: From Pathogenetic Dysfunction to Potential Clinical Application. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2016; 2016:1720621. [PMID: 27610264 PMCID: PMC5005546 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1720621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease/synucleinopathy that develops slowly; however, there is no efficient method of early diagnosis, nor is there a cure. Progressive dopaminergic neuronal cell loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta and widespread aggregation of the α-synuclein protein (encoded by the SNCA gene) in the form of Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites are the neuropathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease. The SNCA gene has undergone gene duplications, triplications, and point mutations. However, the specific mechanism of α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease remains obscure. Recent research showed that various α-synuclein oligomers, pathological aggregation, and propagation appear to be harmful in certain areas in Parkinson's disease patients. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the pathogenetic dysfunction of α-synuclein associated with Parkinson's disease and highlights current approaches that seek to develop this protein as a possible diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target.
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124
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Oeckl P, Metzger F, Nagl M, von Arnim CAF, Halbgebauer S, Steinacker P, Ludolph AC, Otto M. Alpha-, Beta-, and Gamma-synuclein Quantification in Cerebrospinal Fluid by Multiple Reaction Monitoring Reveals Increased Concentrations in Alzheimer's and Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease but No Alteration in Synucleinopathies. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:3126-3138. [PMID: 27507836 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.059915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein (αSyn) is a major constituent of proteinaceous aggregates in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and a potential biomarker candidate for diagnosis and treatment effects. However, studies about αSyn in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in diseases are inconsistent and mainly based on immunological assays. Quantitative information about β-synuclein (βSyn) and γ-synuclein (γSyn) in CSF is not available.Here, we present an alternative method for the simultaneous quantification of αSyn, βSyn and γSyn in CSF by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) with a high sequence coverage (70%) of αSyn to validate previous, ELISA-based results and characterize synucleins in CSF in more detail.The MRM has high sensitivity in the low pg/ml range (3-30pg/ml full-length αSyn) using 200 μl CSF. A high portion of CSF αSyn is present in the N-terminally acetylated form and the concentration of unmodified peptides in the nonamyloid component region is about 40% lower than in the N-terminal region. Synuclein concentrations show a high correlation with each other in CSF (r>0.80) and in contrast to αSyn and γSyn, βSyn is not affected by blood contamination. CSF αSyn, βSyn and γSyn concentrations were increased in Alzheimer's and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease but not altered in PD, PD dementia (PDD), Lewy body dementia and atypical parkinsonian syndromes. The ratio βSyn/αSyn was increased in PDD (1.49 ± 0.38, p < 0.05) compared with PD (1.11 ± 0.26) and controls (1.15 ± 0.28). βSyn shows a high correlation with CSF tau concentrations (r = 0.86, p < 0.0001, n = 125).In conclusion, we could not confirm previous observations of reduced αSyn in PD and our results indicate that CSF synuclein concentrations are rather general markers of synaptic degeneration than specific for synucleinopathies. βsyn is an attractive biomarker candidate that might be used as an alternative to or in combination with tau in AD and CJD diagnosis and in combination with αSyn it is a biomarker candidate for PDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Oeckl
- From the ‡Department of Neurology, Ulm University Hospital, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Fabian Metzger
- From the ‡Department of Neurology, Ulm University Hospital, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Magdalena Nagl
- From the ‡Department of Neurology, Ulm University Hospital, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Christine A F von Arnim
- From the ‡Department of Neurology, Ulm University Hospital, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Steffen Halbgebauer
- From the ‡Department of Neurology, Ulm University Hospital, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Petra Steinacker
- From the ‡Department of Neurology, Ulm University Hospital, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Albert C Ludolph
- From the ‡Department of Neurology, Ulm University Hospital, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Otto
- From the ‡Department of Neurology, Ulm University Hospital, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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125
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Brahmachari S, Ge P, Lee SH, Kim D, Karuppagounder SS, Kumar M, Mao X, Shin JH, Lee Y, Pletnikova O, Troncoso JC, Dawson VL, Dawson TM, Ko HS. Activation of tyrosine kinase c-Abl contributes to α-synuclein-induced neurodegeneration. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:2970-88. [PMID: 27348587 PMCID: PMC4966315 DOI: 10.1172/jci85456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of α-synuclein contributes to the formation of Lewy bodies and neurites, the pathologic hallmarks of Parkinson disease (PD) and α-synucleinopathies. Although a number of human mutations have been identified in familial PD, the mechanisms that promote α-synuclein accumulation and toxicity are poorly understood. Here, we report that hyperactivity of the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase c-Abl critically regulates α-synuclein-induced neuropathology. In mice expressing a human α-synucleinopathy-associated mutation (hA53Tα-syn mice), deletion of the gene encoding c-Abl reduced α-synuclein aggregation, neuropathology, and neurobehavioral deficits. Conversely, overexpression of constitutively active c-Abl in hA53Tα-syn mice accelerated α-synuclein aggregation, neuropathology, and neurobehavioral deficits. Moreover, c-Abl activation led to an age-dependent increase in phosphotyrosine 39 α-synuclein. In human postmortem samples, there was an accumulation of phosphotyrosine 39 α-synuclein in brain tissues and Lewy bodies of PD patients compared with age-matched controls. Furthermore, in vitro studies show that c-Abl phosphorylation of α-synuclein at tyrosine 39 enhances α-synuclein aggregation. Taken together, this work establishes a critical role for c-Abl in α-synuclein-induced neurodegeneration and demonstrates that selective inhibition of c-Abl may be neuroprotective. This study further indicates that phosphotyrosine 39 α-synuclein is a potential disease indicator for PD and related α-synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Brahmachari
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, and
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Preston Ge
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, and
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Su Hyun Lee
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, and
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Donghoon Kim
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, and
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Senthilkumar S. Karuppagounder
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, and
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, and
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Xiaobo Mao
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, and
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Joo Ho Shin
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, and
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Yunjong Lee
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, and
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Juan C. Troncoso
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology
| | - Valina L. Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, and
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Physiology
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, and
| | - Ted M. Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, and
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, and
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Han Seok Ko
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, and
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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126
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Spencer B, Williams S, Rockenstein E, Valera E, Xin W, Mante M, Florio J, Adame A, Masliah E, Sierks MR. α-synuclein conformational antibodies fused to penetratin are effective in models of Lewy body disease. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2016; 3:588-606. [PMID: 27606342 PMCID: PMC4999592 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Progressive accumulation of α‐synuclein (α‐syn) has been associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) and Dementia with Lewy body (DLB). The mechanisms through which α‐syn leads to neurodegeneration are not completely clear; however, the formation of various oligomeric species have been proposed to play a role. Antibody therapy has shown effectiveness at reducing α‐syn accumulation in the central nervous system (CNS); however, most of these studies have been conducted utilizing antibodies that recognize both monomeric and higher molecular weight α‐syn. In this context, the main objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of immunotherapy with single‐chain antibodies (scFVs) against specific conformational forms of α‐syn fused to a novel brain penetrating sequence. Method We screened various scFVs against α‐syn expressed from lentiviral vectors by intracerebral injections in an α‐syn tg model. The most effective scFVs were fused to the cell‐penetrating peptide penetratin to enhance transport across the blood–brain barrier, and lentiviral vectors were constructed and tested for efficacy following systemic delivery intraperitoneal into α‐syn tg mice. Result Two scFVs (D5 and 10H) selectively targeted different α‐syn oligomers and reduced the accumulation of α‐syn and ameliorated functional deficits when delivered late in disease development; however, only one of the antibodies (D5) was also effective when delivered early in disease development. These scFVs were also utilized in an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay to monitor the effects of immunotherapy on α‐syn oligomers in brain and plasma. Interpretation The design and targeting of antibodies for specific species of α‐syn oligomers is crucial for therapeutic immunotherapy and might be of relevance for the treatment of Lewy body disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Spencer
- Department of Neuroscience University of California San Diego California
| | - Stephanie Williams
- Department of Chemical Engineering Arizona State University Tempe Arizona
| | - Edward Rockenstein
- Department of Neuroscience University of California San Diego California
| | - Elvira Valera
- Department of Neuroscience University of California San Diego California
| | - Wei Xin
- Department of Chemical Engineering Arizona State University Tempe Arizona
| | - Michael Mante
- Department of Neuroscience University of California San Diego California
| | - Jazmin Florio
- Department of Neuroscience University of California San Diego California
| | - Anthony Adame
- Department of Neuroscience University of California San Diego California
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neuroscience University of California San Diego California; Department of Pathology University of California San Diego California
| | - Michael R Sierks
- Department of Chemical Engineering Arizona State University Tempe Arizona
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127
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Rezaei-Ghaleh N, Kumar S, Walter J, Zweckstetter M. Phosphorylation Interferes with Maturation of Amyloid-β Fibrillar Structure in the N Terminus. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:16059-67. [PMID: 27252381 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.728956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is characterized by the ubiquitous presence of modifications in protein deposits. Despite their potential significance in the initiation and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, the effects of posttranslational modifications on the molecular properties of protein aggregates are largely unknown. Here, we study the Alzheimer disease-related amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide and investigate how phosphorylation at serine 8 affects the structure of Aβ aggregates. Serine 8 is shown to be located in a region of high conformational flexibility in monomeric Aβ, which upon phosphorylation undergoes changes in local conformational dynamics. Using hydrogen-deuterium exchange NMR and fluorescence quenching techniques, we demonstrate that Aβ phosphorylation at serine 8 causes structural changes in the N-terminal region of Aβ aggregates in favor of less compact conformations. Structural changes induced by serine 8 phosphorylation can provide a mechanistic link between phosphorylation and other biological events that involve the N-terminal region of Aβ aggregates. Our data therefore support an important role of posttranslational modifications in the structural polymorphism of amyloid aggregates and their modulatory effect on neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrollah Rezaei-Ghaleh
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Strasse 3a, 37075 Göttingen, Germany, Department for NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany,
| | - Sathish Kumar
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany, and
| | - Jochen Walter
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany, and
| | - Markus Zweckstetter
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Strasse 3a, 37075 Göttingen, Germany, Department for NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Waldweg 33, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
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128
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Blennow K, Biscetti L, Eusebi P, Parnetti L. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases-From pathophysiology to clinical practice. Mov Disord 2016; 31:836-47. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.26656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Mölndal Campus Mölndal Sweden
| | - Leonardo Biscetti
- Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Center for Memory Disturbances, University of Perugia; Sant'Andrea delle Fratte Perugia Italy
| | - Paolo Eusebi
- Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Center for Memory Disturbances, University of Perugia; Sant'Andrea delle Fratte Perugia Italy
| | - Lucilla Parnetti
- Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Center for Memory Disturbances, University of Perugia; Sant'Andrea delle Fratte Perugia Italy
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129
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Akbar M, Essa MM, Daradkeh G, Abdelmegeed MA, Choi Y, Mahmood L, Song BJ. Mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death in neurodegenerative diseases through nitroxidative stress. Brain Res 2016; 1637:34-55. [PMID: 26883165 PMCID: PMC4821765 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are important for providing cellular energy ATP through the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. They are also critical in regulating many cellular functions including the fatty acid oxidation, the metabolism of glutamate and urea, the anti-oxidant defense, and the apoptosis pathway. Mitochondria are an important source of reactive oxygen species leaked from the electron transport chain while they are susceptible to oxidative damage, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and tissue injury. In fact, impaired mitochondrial function is commonly observed in many types of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, alcoholic dementia, brain ischemia-reperfusion related injury, and others, although many of these neurological disorders have unique etiological factors. Mitochondrial dysfunction under many pathological conditions is likely to be promoted by increased nitroxidative stress, which can stimulate post-translational modifications (PTMs) of mitochondrial proteins and/or oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA and lipids. Furthermore, recent studies have demonstrated that various antioxidants, including naturally occurring flavonoids and polyphenols as well as synthetic compounds, can block the formation of reactive oxygen and/or nitrogen species, and thus ultimately prevent the PTMs of many proteins with improved disease conditions. Therefore, the present review is aimed to describe the recent research developments in the molecular mechanisms for mitochondrial dysfunction and tissue injury in neurodegenerative diseases and discuss translational research opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Akbar
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Musthafa Mohamed Essa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman; Ageing and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman
| | - Ghazi Daradkeh
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman
| | - Mohamed A Abdelmegeed
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Youngshim Choi
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lubna Mahmood
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Qatar University, Qatar
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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130
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Rezaei-Ghaleh N, Amininasab M, Kumar S, Walter J, Zweckstetter M. Phosphorylation modifies the molecular stability of β-amyloid deposits. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11359. [PMID: 27072999 PMCID: PMC4833870 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein aggregation plays a crucial role in neurodegenerative diseases. A key feature of protein aggregates is their ubiquitous modification by phosphorylation. Little is known, however, about the molecular consequences of phosphorylation of protein aggregates. Here we show that phosphorylation of β-amyloid at serine 8 increases the stability of its pathogenic aggregates against high-pressure and SDS-induced dissociation. We further demonstrate that phosphorylation results in an elevated number of hydrogen bonds at the N terminus of β-amyloid, the region that is critically regulated by a variety of post-translational modifications. Because of the increased lifetime of phosphorylated β-amyloid aggregates, phosphorylation can promote the spreading of β-amyloid in Alzheimer pathogenesis. Our study suggests that regulation of the molecular stability of protein aggregates by post-translational modifications is a crucial factor for disease progression in the brain. Protein aggregation plays a crucial role in several neurodegenerative diseases. Here the authors demonstrate that phosphorylation of β-amyloid aggregates—the pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease—can change the molecular properties of aggregates, suggesting how phosphorylation contributes to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehriar Amininasab
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, 1417466191 Tehran, Iran
| | - Sathish Kumar
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jochen Walter
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus Zweckstetter
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 37075 Göttingen, Germany.,Department for NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
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131
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Haney CM, Wissner RF, Warner JB, Wang YJ, Ferrie JJ, J Covell D, Karpowicz RJ, Lee VMY, Petersson EJ. Comparison of strategies for non-perturbing labeling of α-synuclein to study amyloidogenesis. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:1584-92. [PMID: 26695131 PMCID: PMC4733880 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02329g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of the amyloidogenic Parkinson's disease protein α-synuclein (αS) has proven difficult due to its structural plasticity. Here, we present a number of complementary methods to site-specifically introduce fluorescent probes to examine αS fibril formation and cellular uptake. By using various combinations of conventional Cys modification, amber codon suppression, transferase mediated N-terminal modification, and native chemical ligation, several variants of singly- and doubly-labeled αS were produced. We validated the nonperturbative nature of the label by a combination of in vitro aggregation kinetics measurements and imaging of the resulting fibrils. The labeled αS can then be used to monitor conformational changes during fibril formation or cellular uptake of αS fibrils in models of disease propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor M Haney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 213 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Rebecca F Wissner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 213 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - John B Warner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 213 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Yanxin J Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 213 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - John J Ferrie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 213 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Dustin J Covell
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Richard J Karpowicz
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Virginia M-Y Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - E James Petersson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 213 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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132
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Alpha-Synuclein as a Diagnostic Biomarker for Parkinson’s Disease. METHODS IN PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3560-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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133
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Fauvet B, Lashuel HA. Semisynthesis and Enzymatic Preparation of Post-translationally Modified α-Synuclein. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1345:3-20. [PMID: 26453202 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2978-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) serve as molecular switches for regulating protein folding, function, and interactome and have been implicated in the misfolding and amyloid formation by several proteins linked to neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Understanding the role of individual PTMs in protein misfolding and aggregation requires the preparation of site-specifically modified proteins, as well as the identification of the enzymes involved in regulating these PTMs. Recently, our group has pioneered the development of enzymatic, synthetic, and semisynthetic strategies that allow site-specific introduction of PTMs at single or multiple sites and generation of modified proteins in milligram quantities. In this chapter, we provide detailed description of enzymatic and semisynthetic strategies for the generation of the phosphorylated α-Synuclein (α-Syn) at S129, (pS129), which has been identified as a pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease. The semisynthetic method described for generation of α-Syn-pS129 requires expertise with protein chemical ligation, but can be used to incorporate other PTMs (single or multiple) within the α-Syn C-terminus if desired. On the other hand, the in vitro kinase-mediated phosphorylation strategy does not require any special setup and is rather easy to apply, but its application is restricted to the generation of α-Syn_pS129. These methods have the potential to increase the availability of pure and homogenous modified α-Syn reagents, which may be used as standards in numerous applications, including the search for potential biomarkers of synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Fauvet
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, AI 2.151, Station 19, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hilal A Lashuel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, AI 2.151, Station 19, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
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134
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Prion-like propagation of human brain-derived alpha-synuclein in transgenic mice expressing human wild-type alpha-synuclein. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2015; 3:75. [PMID: 26612754 PMCID: PMC4660655 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-015-0254-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Parkinson’s disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA) are neurodegenerative diseases that are characterized by the intracellular accumulation of alpha-synuclein containing aggregates. Recent increasing evidence suggests that Parkinson’s disease and MSA pathology spread throughout the nervous system in a spatiotemporal fashion, possibly by prion-like propagation of alpha-synuclein positive aggregates between synaptically connected areas. Concurrently, intracerebral injection of pathological alpha-synuclein into transgenic mice overexpressing human wild-type alpha-synuclein, or human alpha-synuclein with the familial A53T mutation, or into wild-type mice causes spreading of alpha-synuclein pathology in the CNS. Considering that wild-type mice naturally also express a threonine at codon 53 of alpha-synuclein, it has remained unclear whether human wild-type alpha-synuclein alone, in the absence of endogenously expressed mouse alpha-synuclein, would support a similar propagation of alpha-synuclein pathology in vivo. Results Here we show that brain extracts from two patients with MSA and two patients with probable incidental Lewy body disease (iLBD) but not phosphate-buffered saline induce prion-like spreading of pathological alpha-synuclein after intrastriatal injection into mice expressing human wild-type alpha-synuclein. Mice were sacrificed at 3, 6, and 9 months post injection and analyzed neuropathologically and biochemically. Mice injected with brain extracts from patients with MSA or probable iLBD both accumulated intraneuronal inclusion bodies, which stained positive for phosphorylated alpha-synuclein and appeared predominantly within the injected brain hemisphere after 6 months. After 9 months these intraneuronal inclusion bodies had spread to the contralateral hemisphere and more rostral and caudal areas. Biochemical analysis showed that brains of mice injected with brain extracts from patients with MSA and probable iLBD contained hyperphosphorylated alpha-synuclein that also seeded aggregation of recombinant human wild-type alpha-synuclein in a Thioflavin T binding assay. Conclusions Our results indicate that human wild-type alpha-synuclein supports the prion-like spreading of alpha-synuclein pathology in the absence of endogenously expressed mouse alpha-synuclein in vivo. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40478-015-0254-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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135
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Brudek T, Winge K, Rasmussen NB, Bahl JMC, Tanassi J, Agander TK, Hyde TM, Pakkenberg B. Altered α-synuclein, parkin, and synphilin isoform levels in multiple system atrophy brains. J Neurochem 2015; 136:172-85. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Brudek
- Research Laboratory for Stereology and Neuroscience; Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital; University Hospital of Copenhagen; Copenhagen NV Denmark
- Bispebjerg Movement Disorders Biobank; Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital; University Hospital of Copenhagen; Copenhagen N Denmark
| | - Kristian Winge
- Department of Neurology; Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital; University Hospital of Copenhagen; Copenhagen NV Denmark
- Bispebjerg Movement Disorders Biobank; Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital; University Hospital of Copenhagen; Copenhagen N Denmark
| | - Nadja Bredo Rasmussen
- Research Laboratory for Stereology and Neuroscience; Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital; University Hospital of Copenhagen; Copenhagen NV Denmark
| | | | - Julia Tanassi
- Department of Autoimmunology and Biomarkers; Statens Serum Institut; Copenhagen S Denmark
| | | | - Thomas M. Hyde
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development; Johns Hopkins Medical Campus; Baltimore Maryland USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore Maryland USA
- Department of Neurology; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Bente Pakkenberg
- Research Laboratory for Stereology and Neuroscience; Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital; University Hospital of Copenhagen; Copenhagen NV Denmark
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136
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Pieri L, Chafey P, Le Gall M, Clary G, Melki R, Redeker V. Cellular response of human neuroblastoma cells to α-synuclein fibrils, the main constituent of Lewy bodies. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1860:8-19. [PMID: 26468903 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND α-Synuclein (α-Syn) fibrils are the main constituent of Lewy bodies and a neuropathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). The propagation of α-Syn assemblies from cell to cell suggests that they are involved in PD progression. We previously showed that α-Syn fibrils are toxic because of their ability to bind and permeabilize cell membranes. Here, we document the cellular response in terms of proteome changes of SH-SY5Y cells exposed to exogenous α-Syn fibrils. METHODS We compare the proteomes of cells of neuronal origin exposed or not either to oligomeric or fibrillar α-Syn using two dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and mass spectrometry. RESULTS Only α-Syn fibrils induce significant changes in the proteome of SH-SY5Y cells. In addition to proteins associated to apoptosis and toxicity, or proteins previously linked to neurodegenerative diseases, we report an overexpression of proteins involved in intracellular vesicle trafficking. We also report a remarkable increase in fibrillar α-Syn heterogeneity, mainly due to C-terminal truncations. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that cells of neuronal origin adapt their proteome to exogenous α-Syn fibrils and actively modify those assemblies. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Cells of neuronal origin adapt their proteome to exogenous toxic α-Syn fibrils and actively modify those assemblies. Our results bring insights into the cellular response and clearance events the cells implement to face the propagation of α-Syn assemblies associated to pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pieri
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la terrasse, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Philippe Chafey
- Plate-forme protéomique 3P5, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France; Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Morgane Le Gall
- Plate-forme protéomique 3P5, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France; Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Guilhem Clary
- Plate-forme protéomique 3P5, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France; Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Ronald Melki
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la terrasse, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Virginie Redeker
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la terrasse, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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137
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Linking genes to neurological clinical practice: the genomic basis for neurorehabilitation. J Neurol Phys Ther 2015; 39:52-61. [PMID: 25415554 DOI: 10.1097/npt.0000000000000066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Large-scale genomics projects such as the Human Genome Project and the International HapMap Project promise significant advances in the ability to diagnose and treat many conditions, including those with a neurological basis. A major focus of research has emerged in the neurological sciences to elucidate the molecular and genetic basis of various neurological diseases. Indeed, genetic factors are implicated in susceptibility for many neurological disorders, with family history studies providing strong evidence of familial risk for conditions such as stroke, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Huntington's diseases. Heritability studies also suggest a strong genetic contribution to the risk for neurological diseases. Genome-wide association studies are also uncovering novel genetic variants associated with neurological disorders. Whole-genome and exome sequencing are likely to provide novel insights into the genetic basis of neurological disorders. Genetic factors are similarly associated with clinical phenotypes such as symptom severity and progression as well as response to treatment. Specifically, disease progression and functional restoration depend, in part, on the capacity for neural plasticity within residual neural tissues. Furthermore, such plasticity may be influenced in part by the presence of polymorphisms in several genes known to orchestrate neural plasticity including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Apolipoprotein E. (APOE). It is important for neurorehabilitation therapist practicing in the "genomic era" to be aware of the potential influence of genetic factors during clinical encounters, as advances in molecular sciences are revealing information of critical relevance to the clinical rehabilitation management of individuals with neurological conditions. Video Abstract available (See Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A88) for more insights from the authors.
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138
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Pratt MR, Abeywardana T, Marotta NP. Synthetic Proteins and Peptides for the Direct Interrogation of α-Synuclein Posttranslational Modifications. Biomolecules 2015; 5:1210-27. [PMID: 26120904 PMCID: PMC4598748 DOI: 10.3390/biom5031210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein is the aggregation-prone protein associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and related neurodegenerative diseases. Complicating both its biological functions and toxic aggregation are a variety of posttranslational modifications. These modifications have the potential to either positively or negatively affect α-synuclein aggregation, raising the possibility that the enzymes that add or remove these modifications could be therapeutic targets in PD. Synthetic protein chemistry is uniquely positioned to generate site-specifically and homogeneously modified proteins for biochemical study. Here, we review the application of synthetic peptides and proteins towards understanding the effects of α-synuclein posttranslational modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Pratt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | | | - Nicholas P Marotta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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139
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Ryan BJ, Hoek S, Fon EA, Wade-Martins R. Mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy in Parkinson's: from familial to sporadic disease. Trends Biochem Sci 2015; 40:200-10. [PMID: 25757399 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 381] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterised by the preferential loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Mitochondrial dysfunction is increasingly appreciated as a key determinant of dopaminergic neuronal susceptibility in PD and is a feature of both familial and sporadic disease, as well as in toxin-induced Parkinsonism. Recently, the mechanisms by which PD-associated mitochondrial proteins phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN)-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) and parkin function and induce neurodegeneration have been identified. In addition, increasing evidence implicates other PD-associated proteins such as α-synuclein (α-syn) and leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) in mitochondrial dysfunction in genetic cases of PD with the potential for a large functional overlap with sporadic disease. This review highlights how recent advances in understanding familial PD-associated proteins have identified novel mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for addressing mitochondrial dysfunction in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent J Ryan
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Le Gros Clark Building, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Selim Hoek
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Le Gros Clark Building, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Edward A Fon
- McGill Parkinson Program, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Richard Wade-Martins
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Le Gros Clark Building, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK.
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140
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Shi Q, Chen LN, Zhang BY, Xiao K, Zhou W, Chen C, Zhang XM, Tian C, Gao C, Wang J, Han J, Dong XP. Proteomics analyses for the global proteins in the brain tissues of different human prion diseases. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:854-69. [PMID: 25616867 PMCID: PMC4390265 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.038018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteomics changes of brain tissues have been described in different neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. However, the brain proteomics of human prion disease remains less understood. In the study, the proteomics patterns of cortex and cerebellum of brain tissues of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, fatal familial insomnia, and G114V genetic CJD were analyzed with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation combined with multidimensional liquid chromatography and MS analysis, with the brains from three normal individuals as controls. Global protein profiling, significant pathway, and functional categories were analyzed. In total, 2287 proteins were identified with quantitative information both in cortex and cerebellum regions. Cerebellum tissues appeared to contain more up- and down-regulated proteins (727 proteins) than cortex regions (312 proteins) of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, fatal familial insomnia, and G114V genetic CJD. Viral myocarditis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, lysosome, oxidative phosphorylation, protein export, and drug metabolism-cytochrome P450 were the most commonly affected pathways of the three kinds of diseases. Almost coincident biological functions were identified in the brain tissues of the three diseases. In all, data here demonstrate that the brain tissues of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, fatal familial insomnia, and G114V genetic CJD have obvious proteomics changes at their terminal stages, which show the similarities not only among human prion diseases but also with other neurodegeneration diseases. This is the first study to provide a reference proteome map for human prion diseases and will be helpful for future studies focused on potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and therapy of human prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shi
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Na Chen
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao-Yun Zhang
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Xiao
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhou
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Cao Chen
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Mei Zhang
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Chan Tian
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Gao
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Han
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ping Dong
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China; §Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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141
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Barreto GE, Iarkov A, Moran VE. Beneficial effects of nicotine, cotinine and its metabolites as potential agents for Parkinson's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 6:340. [PMID: 25620929 PMCID: PMC4288130 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, which is characterized by neuroinflammation, dopaminergic neuronal cell death and motor dysfunction, and for which there are no proven effective treatments. The negative correlation between tobacco consumption and PD suggests that tobacco-derived compounds can be beneficial against PD. Nicotine, the more studied alkaloid derived from tobacco, is considered to be responsible for the beneficial behavioral and neurological effects of tobacco use in PD. However, several metabolites of nicotine, such as cotinine, also increase in the brain after nicotine administration. The effect of nicotine and some of its derivatives on dopaminergic neurons viability, neuroinflammation, and motor and memory functions, have been investigated using cellular and rodent models of PD. Current evidence shows that nicotine, and some of its derivatives diminish oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the brain and improve synaptic plasticity and neuronal survival of dopaminergic neurons. In vivo these effects resulted in improvements in mood, motor skills and memory in subjects suffering from PD pathology. In this review, we discuss the potential benefits of nicotine and its derivatives for treating PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Barreto
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Bogotá, D. C., Colombia
| | - Alexander Iarkov
- Center of Research in Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile Santiago, Chile ; Research & Development Service, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System Bay Pines, FL, USA
| | - Valentina Echeverria Moran
- Center of Research in Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile Santiago, Chile ; Research & Development Service, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System Bay Pines, FL, USA ; Research Service, James A Haley Veterans' Hospital Tampa, FL, USA ; Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Tampa, FL, USA
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142
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MS-based methods for biomarkers of Parkinson's disease: what is the future? Bioanalysis 2015; 7:149-51. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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143
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Kosten J, Binolfi A, Stuiver M, Verzini S, Theillet FX, Bekei B, van Rossum M, Selenko P. Efficient modification of alpha-synuclein serine 129 by protein kinase CK1 requires phosphorylation of tyrosine 125 as a priming event. ACS Chem Neurosci 2014; 5:1203-8. [PMID: 25320964 DOI: 10.1021/cn5002254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
S129-phosphorylated alpha-synuclein (α-syn) is abundantly found in Lewy-body inclusions of Parkinson's disease patients. Residues neighboring S129 include the α-syn tyrosine phosphorylation sites Y125, Y133, and Y136. Here, we use time-resolved NMR spectroscopy to delineate atomic resolution insights into the modification behaviors of different serine and tyrosine kinases targeting these sites and show that Y125 phosphorylation constitutes a necessary priming event for the efficient modification of S129 by CK1, both in reconstituted kinase reactions and mammalian cell lysates. These results suggest that α-syn Y125 phosphorylation augments S129 modification under physiological in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Kosten
- In-Cell NMR Laboratory, Department
of NMR-supported Structural Biology, Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology (FMP Berlin), Robert-Rössle Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andres Binolfi
- In-Cell NMR Laboratory, Department
of NMR-supported Structural Biology, Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology (FMP Berlin), Robert-Rössle Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marchel Stuiver
- In-Cell NMR Laboratory, Department
of NMR-supported Structural Biology, Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology (FMP Berlin), Robert-Rössle Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Silvia Verzini
- In-Cell NMR Laboratory, Department
of NMR-supported Structural Biology, Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology (FMP Berlin), Robert-Rössle Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Francois-Xavier Theillet
- In-Cell NMR Laboratory, Department
of NMR-supported Structural Biology, Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology (FMP Berlin), Robert-Rössle Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Beata Bekei
- In-Cell NMR Laboratory, Department
of NMR-supported Structural Biology, Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology (FMP Berlin), Robert-Rössle Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marleen van Rossum
- In-Cell NMR Laboratory, Department
of NMR-supported Structural Biology, Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology (FMP Berlin), Robert-Rössle Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Selenko
- In-Cell NMR Laboratory, Department
of NMR-supported Structural Biology, Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology (FMP Berlin), Robert-Rössle Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and frontotemporal dementia have several important features in common. They are progressive, they affect a relatively inaccessible organ, and we have no disease-modifying therapies for them. For these brain-based diseases, current diagnosis and evaluation of disease severity rely almost entirely on clinical examination, which may be only a rough approximation of disease state. Thus, the development of biomarkers-objective, relatively easily measured, and precise indicators of pathogenic processes-could improve patient care and accelerate therapeutic discovery. Yet existing, rigorously tested neurodegenerative disease biomarkers are few, and even fewer biomarkers have translated into clinical use. To find new biomarkers for these diseases, an unbiased, high-throughput screening approach may be needed. In this review, I will describe the potential utility of such an approach to biomarker discovery, using Parkinson's disease as a case example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice S Chen-Plotkin
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3 West Gates, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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145
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Welinder C, Jönsson GB, Ingvar C, Lundgren L, Baldetorp B, Olsson H, Breslin T, Rezeli M, Jansson B, Fehniger TE, Laurell T, Wieslander E, Pawlowski K, Marko-Varga G. Analysis of alpha-synuclein in malignant melanoma - development of a SRM quantification assay. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110804. [PMID: 25333933 PMCID: PMC4204935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, malignant melanoma shows a steady increase in the incidence among cancer diseases. Malignant melanoma represents a cancer type where currently no biomarker or diagnostics is available to identify disease stage, progression of disease or personalized medicine treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the tissue expression of alpha-synuclein, a protein implicated in several disease processes, in metastatic tissues from malignant melanoma patients. A targeted Selected Reaction Monitoring (SRM) assay was developed and utilized together with stable isotope labeling for the relative quantification of two target peptides of alpha-synuclein. Analysis of alpha-synuclein protein was then performed in ten metastatic tissue samples from the Lund Melanoma Biobank. The calibration curve using peak area ratio (heavy/light) versus concentration ratios showed linear regression over three orders of magnitude, for both of the selected target peptide sequences. In support of the measurements of specific protein expression levels, we also observed significant correlation between the protein and mRNA levels of alpha-synuclein in these tissues. Investigating levels of tissue alpha-synuclein may add novel aspect to biomarker development in melanoma, help to understand disease mechanisms and ultimately contribute to discriminate melanoma patients with different prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Welinder
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Centre of Excellence in Biological and Medical Mass Spectrometry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Göran B. Jönsson
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christian Ingvar
- Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Dept. of Surgery, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lotta Lundgren
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Baldetorp
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Håkan Olsson
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Dept. of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Breslin
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Melinda Rezeli
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Center, Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Jansson
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas E. Fehniger
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Centre of Excellence in Biological and Medical Mass Spectrometry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Laurell
- Centre of Excellence in Biological and Medical Mass Spectrometry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Center, Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Wieslander
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Krzysztof Pawlowski
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Dept. of Experimental Design and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | - György Marko-Varga
- Centre of Excellence in Biological and Medical Mass Spectrometry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Center, Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- First Department of Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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146
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Mollenhauer B. Quantification of α-synuclein in cerebrospinal fluid: how ideal is this biomarker for Parkinson's disease? Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2014; 20 Suppl 1:S76-9. [PMID: 24262194 DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(13)70020-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The quantification of α-synuclein (αSyn) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been proposed as a diagnostic biomarker for Parkinson's disease and other αSyn-related diseases, such as multiple system atrophy and dementia with Lewy bodies. Most studies show decreased levels of αSyn in diseased CSF samples compared to control samples, but discrepant findings and overlapping values have been a major limitation for the use of CSF αSyn as a biomarker. This review addresses the current knowledge and investigates whether CSF αSyn is an ideal biomarker that can detect fundamental neuropathology features. It will also discuss whether CSF αSyn has been validated in neuropathologically confirmed cases, whether it shows a diagnostic sensitivity and whether it has a specificity above 80%. The review of current literature will also determine if sampling CSF αSyn is reliable, reproducible, noninvasive, simple to perform, inexpensive, and whether it has been investigated by at least two independent studies. CSF αSyn appears to meet most of these criteria, which have been proposed for ideal biomarkers, but further validation of this and other markers is needed to best introduce a panel of biomarkers in the early and differential diagnosis of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brit Mollenhauer
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Center of Parkinsonism and Movement Disorders, Kassel, Germany; University Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery and Neuropathology, Germany.
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147
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Diepenbroek M, Casadei N, Esmer H, Saido TC, Takano J, Kahle PJ, Nixon RA, Rao MV, Melki R, Pieri L, Helling S, Marcus K, Krueger R, Masliah E, Riess O, Nuber S. Overexpression of the calpain-specific inhibitor calpastatin reduces human alpha-Synuclein processing, aggregation and synaptic impairment in [A30P]αSyn transgenic mice. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:3975-89. [PMID: 24619358 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lewy bodies, a pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD), contain aggregated alpha-synuclein (αSyn), which is found in several modified forms and can be discovered phosphorylated, ubiquitinated and truncated. Aggregation-prone truncated species of αSyn caused by aberrant cleavage of this fibrillogenic protein are hypothesized to participate in its sequestration into inclusions subsequently leading to synaptic dysfunction and neuronal death. Here, we investigated the role of calpain cleavage of αSyn in vivo by generating two opposing mouse models. We crossed into human [A30P]αSyn transgenic (i) mice deficient for calpastatin, a calpain-specific inhibitor, thus enhancing calpain activity (SynCAST(-)) and (ii) mice overexpressing human calpastatin leading to reduced calpain activity (SynCAST(+)). As anticipated, a reduced calpain activity led to a decreased number of αSyn-positive aggregates, whereas loss of calpastatin led to increased truncation of αSyn in SynCAST(-). Furthermore, overexpression of calpastatin decreased astrogliosis and the calpain-dependent degradation of synaptic proteins, potentially ameliorating the observed neuropathology in [A30P]αSyn and SynCAST(+) mice. Overall, our data further support a crucial role of calpains, particularly of calpain 1, in the pathogenesis of PD and in disease-associated aggregation of αSyn, indicating a therapeutic potential of calpain inhibition in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike Diepenbroek
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
| | - Nicolas Casadei
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
| | - Hakan Esmer
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Jiro Takano
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Philipp J Kahle
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Clinics Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ralph A Nixon
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Mala V Rao
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Ronald Melki
- Laboratoire d'Enzymologie et Biochimie Structurales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Laura Pieri
- Laboratoire d'Enzymologie et Biochimie Structurales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Stefan Helling
- Functional Proteomics, Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany and
| | - Katrin Marcus
- Functional Proteomics, Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany and
| | - Rejko Krueger
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Clinics Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Pathology and Department of Neurosciences, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92003-0624, USA
| | - Olaf Riess
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72076, Germany,
| | - Silke Nuber
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72076, Germany, Department of Neurosciences, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92003-0624, USA
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