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Díaz-Valdivia NI, Calderón CC, Díaz JE, Lobos-González L, Sepulveda H, Ortíz RJ, Martinez S, Silva V, Maldonado HJ, Silva P, Wehinger S, Burzio VA, Torres VA, Montecino M, Leyton L, Quest AFG. Anti-neoplastic drugs increase caveolin-1-dependent migration, invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:111943-111965. [PMID: 29340103 PMCID: PMC5762371 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the scaffolding protein Caveolin-1 (CAV1) enhances migration and invasion of metastatic cancer cells. Yet, CAV1 also functions as a tumor suppressor in early stages of cancer, where expression is suppressed by epigenetic mechanisms. Thus, we sought to identify stimuli/mechanisms that revert epigenetic CAV1 silencing in cancer cells and evaluate how this affects their metastatic potential. We reasoned that restricted tissue availability of anti-neoplastic drugs during chemotherapy might expose cancer cells to sub-therapeutic concentrations, which activate signaling pathways and the expression of CAV1 to favor the acquisition of more aggressive traits. Here, we used in vitro [2D, invasion] and in vivo (metastasis) assays, as well as genetic and biochemical approaches to address this question. Colon and breast cancer cells were identified where CAV1 levels were low due to epigenetic suppression and could be reverted by treatment with the methyltransferase inhibitor 5’-azacytidine. Exposure of these cells to anti-neoplastic drugs for short periods of time (24-48 h) increased CAV1 expression through ROS production and MEK/ERK activation. In colon cancer cells, increased CAV1 expression enhanced migration and invasion in vitro via pathways requiring Src-family kinases, as well as Rac-1 activity. Finally, elevated CAV1 expression in colon cancer cells following exposure in vitro to sub-cytotoxic drug concentrations increased their metastatic potential in vivo. Therefore exposure of cancer cells to anti-neoplastic drugs at non-lethal drug concentrations induces signaling events and changes in transcription that favor CAV1-dependent migration, invasion and metastasis. Importantly, this may occur in the absence of selection for drug-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia I Díaz-Valdivia
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia C Calderón
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge E Díaz
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena Lobos-González
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hugo Sepulveda
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rina J Ortíz
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Universidad Bernardo O Higgins, Facultad de Salud, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Biológicas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Samuel Martinez
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Horacio J Maldonado
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricio Silva
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Wehinger
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Talca, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program Healthy Ageing (PIEI-ES), Talca, Chile
| | - Verónica A Burzio
- Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vicente A Torres
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Martín Montecino
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lisette Leyton
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrew F G Quest
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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102
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Mechanotransduction of matrix stiffness in regulation of focal adhesion size and number: reciprocal regulation of caveolin-1 and β1 integrin. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15008. [PMID: 29118431 PMCID: PMC5678369 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14932-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion (FA) assembly, mediated by integrin activation, responds to matrix stiffness; however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we showed that β1 integrin and caveolin-1 (Cav1) levels were decreased with declining matrix stiffness. Soft matrix selectively downregulated β1 integrin by endocytosis and subsequent lysosomal degradation. Disruption of lipid rafts with methyl-β-cyclodextrin or nystatin, or knockdown of Cav1 by siRNA decreased cell spreading, FA assembly, and β1 integrin protein levels in cells cultured on stiff matrix. Overexpression of Cav1, particularly the phospho-mimetic mutant Cav1-Y14D, averted soft matrix-induced decreases in β1 integrin protein levels, cell spreading, and FA assembly in NMuMG cells. Interestingly, overexpression of an auto-clustering β1 integrin hindered soft matrix-induced reduction of Cav1 and cell spreading, which suggests a reciprocal regulation between β1 integrin and Cav1. Finally, co-expression of this auto-clustering β1 integrin and Cav1-Y14D synergistically enhanced cell spreading, and FA assembly in HEK293T cells cultured on either stiff ( > G Pa) or soft (0.2 kPa) matrices. Collectively, these results suggest that matrix stiffness governs the expression of β1 integrin and Cav1, which reciprocally control each other, and subsequently determine FA assembly and turnover.
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103
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Abstract
The role of cell membrane dynamics in cell migration is unclear. To examine whether total cell surface area changes are required for cell migration, Dictyostelium cells were flattened by agar-overlay. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that flattened migrating cells have no membrane reservoirs such as projections and membrane folds. Similarly, optical sectioning fluorescence microscopy showed that the cell surface area does not change during migration. Interestingly, staining of the cell membrane with a fluorescent lipid analogue demonstrated that the turnover rate of cell membrane is closely related to the cell migration velocity. Next, to clarify the mechanism of cell membrane circulation, local photobleaching was separately performed on the dorsal and ventral cell membranes of rapidly moving cells. The bleached zones on both sides moved rearward relative to the cell. Thus, the cell membrane moves in a fountain-like fashion, accompanied by a high membrane turnover rate and actively contributing to cell migration.
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104
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Li L, Zhang K, Lu C, Sun Q, Zhao S, Jiao L, Han R, Lin C, Jiang J, Zhao M, He Y. Caveolin-1-mediated STAT3 activation determines electrotaxis of human lung cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:95741-95754. [PMID: 29221162 PMCID: PMC5707056 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Migration of cancer cells leads to the invasion of distant organs by primary tumors. Further, endogenous electric fields (EFs) in the tumor microenvironment direct the migration of lung cancer cells by a process referred to as electrotaxis – although the precise mechanism remains unclear. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is a multifunctional scaffolding protein that is associated with directional cell migration and lung cancer invasion; however, its precise role in lung cancer electrotaxis is unknown. In the present study, we first detected outward electric currents on the tumor body surface in lung cancer xenografts using a highly-sensitive vibrating probe. Next, we found that highly-metastatic H1650-M3 cells migrated directionally to the cathode. In addition, reversal of the EF polarity reversed the direction of migration. Mechanistically, EFs activated Cav-1 and the downstream signaling molecule STAT3. RNA interference of Cav-1 reduced directional cell migration, which was accompanied by dampened STAT3 activation. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of STAT3 significantly reduced the electrotactic response, while rescue of STAT3 activation in Cav-1 knock-down cells restored electrotaxis. Taken together, these results suggest that endogenous EFs in the tumor micro-environment might play an important role in lung cancer metastasis by guiding cell migration through a Cav-1/STAT3-mediated signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Kejun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Conghua Lu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Qin Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Sanjun Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lin Jiao
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Rui Han
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Caiyu Lin
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA
| | - Yong He
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
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105
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Yuan X, Wang X, Gu B, Ma Y, Liu Y, Sun M, Kong J, Sun W, Wang H, Zhou F, Gao S. Directional Migration in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) is Epigenetically Regulated by SET Nuclear Oncogene, a Member of the Inhibitor of Histone Acetyltransferase Complex. Neoplasia 2017; 19:868-884. [PMID: 28938158 PMCID: PMC5608591 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Directional cell migration is of fundamental importance to a variety of biological events, including metastasis of malignant cells. Herein, we specifically investigated SET oncoprotein, a subunit of the recently identified inhibitor of acetyltransferases (INHAT) complex and identified its role in the establishment of front-rear cell polarity and directional migration in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC). We further define the molecular circuits that govern these processes by showing that SET modulated DOCK7/RAC1 and cofilin signaling events. Moreover, a detailed analysis of the spatial distribution of RAC1 and cofilin allowed us to decipher the synergistical contributions of the two in coordinating the advancing dynamics by measuring architectures, polarities, and cytoskeletal organizations of the lamellipodia leading edges. In further investigations in vivo, we identified their unique role at multiple levels of the invasive cascade for SET cell and indicate the necessity for their functional balance to enable efficient invasion as well. Additionally, SET epigenetically repressed miR-30c expression by deacetylating histones H2B and H4 on its promoter, which was functionally important for the biological effects of SET in our cell-context. Finally, we corroborated our findings in vivo by evaluating the clinical relevance of SET signaling in the metastatic burden in mice and a large series of patients with ESCC at diagnosis, observing it's significance in predicting metastasis formation. Our findings uncovered a novel signaling network initiated by SET that epigenetically modulated ESCC properties and suggest that targeting the regulatory axis might be a promising strategy to inhibit migration and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yuan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China, 471003; Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China, 471003
| | - Xinshuai Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China, 471003; Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China, 471003
| | - Bianli Gu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China, 471003
| | - Yingjian Ma
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China, 471003
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China, 471003
| | - Man Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China, 471003
| | - Jinyu Kong
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China, 471003
| | - Wei Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China, 471003
| | - Huizhi Wang
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Room 263D, 501 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Fuyou Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Anyang Tumor Hospital, Anyang, China, 455000
| | - Shegan Gao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China, 471003; Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China, 471003.
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106
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Meng F, Saxena S, Liu Y, Joshi B, Wong TH, Shankar J, Foster LJ, Bernatchez P, Nabi IR. The phospho-caveolin-1 scaffolding domain dampens force fluctuations in focal adhesions and promotes cancer cell migration. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28. [PMID: 28592633 PMCID: PMC5531735 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-05-0278,] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (Cav1), a major Src kinase substrate phosphorylated on tyrosine-14 (Y14), contains the highly conserved membrane-proximal caveolin scaffolding domain (CSD; amino acids 82-101). Here we show, using CSD mutants (F92A/V94A) and membrane-permeable CSD-competing peptides, that Src kinase-dependent pY14Cav1 regulation of focal adhesion protein stabilization, focal adhesion tension, and cancer cell migration is CSD dependent. Quantitative proteomic analysis of Cav1-GST (amino acids 1-101) pull downs showed sixfold-increased binding of vinculin and, to a lesser extent, α-actinin, talin, and filamin, to phosphomimetic Cav1Y14D relative to nonphosphorylatable Cav1Y14F. Consistently, pY14Cav1 enhanced CSD-dependent vinculin tension in focal adhesions, dampening force fluctuation and synchronously stabilizing cellular focal adhesions in a high-tension mode, paralleling effects of actin stabilization. This identifies pY14Cav1 as a molecular regulator of focal adhesion tension and suggests that functional interaction between Cav1 Y14 phosphorylation and the CSD promotes focal adhesion traction and, thereby, cancer cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanrui Meng
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Sandeep Saxena
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Youtao Liu
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Bharat Joshi
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Timothy H. Wong
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jay Shankar
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Leonard J. Foster
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Michael Smith Labs, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Pascal Bernatchez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada,James Hogg Research Centre, Institute for Heart + Lung Health, St Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Ivan R. Nabi
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada,*Address correspondence to: Ivan R. Nabi ()
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107
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Bubb KJ, Birgisdottir AB, Tang O, Hansen T, Figtree GA. Redox modification of caveolar proteins in the cardiovascular system- role in cellular signalling and disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 109:61-74. [PMID: 28188926 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and coordinated release of a variety of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide (O2.-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and peroxynitrite, in specific microdomains, play a crucial role in cell signalling in the cardiovascular system. These reactions are mediated by reversible and functional modifications of a wide variety of key proteins. Dysregulation of this oxidative signalling occurs in almost all forms of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including at the very early phases. Despite the heavily publicized failure of "antioxidants" to improve CVD progression, pharmacotherapies such as those targeting the renin-angiotensin system, or statins, exert at least part of their large clinical benefit via modulating cellular redox signalling. Over 250 proteins, including receptors, ion channels and pumps, and signalling proteins are found in the caveolae. An increasing proportion of these are being recognized as redox regulated-proteins, that reside in the immediate vicinity of the two major cellular sources of ROS, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (Nox) and uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). This review focuses on what is known about redox signalling within the caveolae, as well as endogenous protective mechanisms utilized by the cell, and new approaches to targeting dysregulated redox signalling in the caveolae as a therapeutic strategy in CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen J Bubb
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney and Cardiology Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Asa Birna Birgisdottir
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney and Cardiology Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Heart and Lung Clinic, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Owen Tang
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney and Cardiology Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Thomas Hansen
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney and Cardiology Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Gemma A Figtree
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney and Cardiology Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.
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108
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de Cárcer G, Wachowicz P, Martínez-Martínez S, Oller J, Méndez-Barbero N, Escobar B, González-Loyola A, Takaki T, El Bakkali A, Cámara JA, Jiménez-Borreguero LJ, Bustelo XR, Cañamero M, Mulero F, de Los Ángeles Sevilla M, Montero MJ, Redondo JM, Malumbres M. Plk1 regulates contraction of postmitotic smooth muscle cells and is required for vascular homeostasis. Nat Med 2017; 23:964-974. [PMID: 28692064 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), an essential regulator of cell division, is currently undergoing clinical evaluation as a target for cancer therapy. We report an unexpected function of Plk1 in sustaining cardiovascular homeostasis. Plk1 haploinsufficiency in mice did not induce obvious cell proliferation defects but did result in arterial structural alterations, which frequently led to aortic rupture and death. Specific ablation of Plk1 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) led to reduced arterial elasticity, hypotension, and an impaired arterial response to angiotensin II in vivo. Mechanistically, we found that Plk1 regulated angiotensin II-dependent activation of RhoA and actomyosin dynamics in VSMCs in a mitosis-independent manner. This regulation depended on Plk1 kinase activity, and the administration of small-molecule Plk1 inhibitors to angiotensin II-treated mice led to reduced arterial fitness and an elevated risk of aneurysm and aortic rupture. We thus conclude that a partial reduction of Plk1 activity that does not block cell division can nevertheless impair aortic homeostasis. Our findings have potentially important implications for current approaches aimed at PLK1 inhibition for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo de Cárcer
- Cell Division and Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paulina Wachowicz
- Cell Division and Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Martínez-Martínez
- Gene Regulation in Cardiovascular Remodelling and Inflammation Group, Spanish National Cardiovascular Centre (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en RED (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Oller
- Gene Regulation in Cardiovascular Remodelling and Inflammation Group, Spanish National Cardiovascular Centre (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en RED (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nerea Méndez-Barbero
- Gene Regulation in Cardiovascular Remodelling and Inflammation Group, Spanish National Cardiovascular Centre (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Escobar
- Cell Division and Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Tohru Takaki
- Clare Hall Laboratories, London Research Institute, London, UK
| | - Aicha El Bakkali
- Cell Division and Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A Cámara
- Molecular Imaging Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis J Jiménez-Borreguero
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en RED (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Advanced Imaging Unit, Spanish National Cardiovascular Centre (CNIC), and Cardiac Imaging Department, Hospital de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xosé R Bustelo
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer de Salamanca, University of Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Cañamero
- Comparative Pathology Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisca Mulero
- Molecular Imaging Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - María de Los Ángeles Sevilla
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jose Montero
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Redondo
- Gene Regulation in Cardiovascular Remodelling and Inflammation Group, Spanish National Cardiovascular Centre (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en RED (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos Malumbres
- Cell Division and Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
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109
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Zhou LJ, Chen XY, Liu SP, Zhang LL, Xu YN, Mu PW, Geng DF, Tan Z. Downregulation of Cavin-1 Expression via Increasing Caveolin-1 Degradation Prompts the Proliferation and Migration of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Balloon Injury-Induced Neointimal Hyperplasia. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:e005754. [PMID: 28751541 PMCID: PMC5586430 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.005754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Percutaneous coronary intervention has been widely used in the treatment of ischemic heart disease, but vascular restenosis is a main limitation of percutaneous coronary intervention. Our previous work reported that caveolin-1 had a key functional role in intimal hyperplasia, whereas whether Cavin-1 (another important caveolae-related protein) was involved is still unknown. Therefore, we will investigate the effect of Cavin-1 on neointimal formation. METHODS AND RESULTS Balloon injury markedly reduced Cavin-1 protein and enhanced ubiquitin protein expression accompanied with neointimal hyperplasia in injured carotid arteries, whereas Cavin-1 mRNA had no change. In cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), Cavin-1 was downregulated after inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide, which was distinctly prevented by pretreatment with proteasome inhibitor MG132 but not by lysosomal inhibitor chloroquine, suggesting that proteasomal degradation resulted in Cavin-1 downregulation. Knockdown of Cavin-1 by local injection of Cavin-1 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) into balloon-injured carotid arteries in vivo promoted neointimal formation. In addition, inhibition or overexpression of Cavin-1 in cultured VSMCs in vitro prompted or suppressed VSMC proliferation and migration via increasing or decreasing extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation and matrix-degrading metalloproteinases-9 activity, respectively. However, under basic conditions, the effect of Cavin-1 on VSMC migration was stronger than on proliferation. Moreover, our results indicated that Cavin-1 regulated caveolin-1 expression via lysosomal degradation pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed the role and the mechanisms of Cavin-1 downregulation in neointimal formation by promoting VSMC proliferation, migration, and synchronously enhancing caveolin-1 lysosomal degradation. Cavin-1 may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of postinjury vascular remodeling.
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MESH Headings
- Angioplasty, Balloon/adverse effects
- Animals
- Carotid Artery Injuries/etiology
- Carotid Artery Injuries/genetics
- Carotid Artery Injuries/metabolism
- Carotid Artery Injuries/pathology
- Carotid Artery, External/metabolism
- Carotid Artery, External/pathology
- Caveolin 1/metabolism
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- Lysosomes/metabolism
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/injuries
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Neointima
- Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism
- Proteolysis
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Small Interfering/administration & dosage
- RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Signal Transduction
- Time Factors
- Transfection
- Vascular Remodeling
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Ying Chen
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shui-Ping Liu
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin-Lin Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Nan Xu
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pan-Wei Mu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Deng-Feng Geng
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Tan
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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110
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Borger JG, Morrison VL, Filby A, Garcia C, Uotila LM, Simbari F, Fagerholm SC, Zamoyska R. Caveolin-1 Influences LFA-1 Redistribution upon TCR Stimulation in CD8 T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017. [PMID: 28637901 PMCID: PMC5523581 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
TCR stimulation by peptide-MHC complexes on APCs requires precise reorganization of molecules into the area of cellular contact to form an immunological synapse from where T cell signaling is initiated. Caveolin (Cav)1, a widely expressed transmembrane protein, is involved in the regulation of membrane composition, cellular polarity and trafficking, and the organization of signal transduction pathways. The presence of Cav1 protein in T cells was identified only recently, and its function in this context is not well understood. We show that Cav1-knockout CD8 T cells have a reduction in membrane cholesterol and sphingomyelin, and upon TCR triggering they exhibit altered morphology and polarity, with reduced effector function compared with Cav1 wild-type CD8 T cells. In particular, redistribution of the β2 integrin LFA-1 to the immunological synapse is compromised in Cav1-knockout T cells, as is the ability of LFA-1 to form high-avidity interactions with ICAM-1. Our results identify a role for Cav1 in membrane organization and β2 integrin function in primary CD8 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica G Borger
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrew Filby
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom; and
| | - Celine Garcia
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, United Kingdom
| | - Liisa M Uotila
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fabio Simbari
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rose Zamoyska
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, United Kingdom;
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111
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Meng F, Saxena S, Liu Y, Joshi B, Wong TH, Shankar J, Foster LJ, Bernatchez P, Nabi IR. The phospho-caveolin-1 scaffolding domain dampens force fluctuations in focal adhesions and promotes cancer cell migration. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:2190-2201. [PMID: 28592633 PMCID: PMC5531735 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-05-0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (Cav1), a major Src kinase substrate phosphorylated on tyrosine-14 (Y14), contains the highly conserved membrane-proximal caveolin scaffolding domain (CSD; amino acids 82-101). Here we show, using CSD mutants (F92A/V94A) and membrane-permeable CSD-competing peptides, that Src kinase-dependent pY14Cav1 regulation of focal adhesion protein stabilization, focal adhesion tension, and cancer cell migration is CSD dependent. Quantitative proteomic analysis of Cav1-GST (amino acids 1-101) pull downs showed sixfold-increased binding of vinculin and, to a lesser extent, α-actinin, talin, and filamin, to phosphomimetic Cav1Y14D relative to nonphosphorylatable Cav1Y14F. Consistently, pY14Cav1 enhanced CSD-dependent vinculin tension in focal adhesions, dampening force fluctuation and synchronously stabilizing cellular focal adhesions in a high-tension mode, paralleling effects of actin stabilization. This identifies pY14Cav1 as a molecular regulator of focal adhesion tension and suggests that functional interaction between Cav1 Y14 phosphorylation and the CSD promotes focal adhesion traction and, thereby, cancer cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanrui Meng
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Sandeep Saxena
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Youtao Liu
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Bharat Joshi
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Timothy H Wong
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jay Shankar
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Leonard J Foster
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Michael Smith Labs, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Pascal Bernatchez
- James Hogg Research Centre, Institute for Heart + Lung Health, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ivan R Nabi
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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112
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Bidaud-Meynard A, Binamé F, Lagrée V, Moreau V. Regulation of Rho GTPase activity at the leading edge of migrating cells by p190RhoGAP. Small GTPases 2017; 10:99-110. [PMID: 28287334 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2017.1280584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration, a key feature of embryonic development, immunity, angiogenesis, and tumor metastasis, is based on the coordinated regulation of actin dynamics and integrin-mediated adhesion. Rho GTPases play a major role in this phenomenon by regulating the onset and maintenance of actin-based protruding structures at cell leading edges (i.e. lamellipodia and filopodia) and contractile structures (i.e., stress fibers) at their trailing edge. While spatio-temporal analysis demonstrated the tight regulation of Rho GTPases at the migration front during cell locomotion, little is known about how the main regulators of Rho GTPase activity, such as GAPs, GEFs and GDIs, play a role in this process. In this review, we focus on a major negative regulator of RhoA, p190RhoGAP-A and its close isoform p190RhoGAP-B, which are necessary for efficient cell migration. Recent studies, including our, demonstrated that p190RhoGAP-A localization and activity undergo a complex regulatory mechanism, accounting for the tight regulation of RhoA, but also other members of the Rho GTPase family, at the cell periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Bidaud-Meynard
- a Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , Bordeaux , France.,b Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology , Bordeaux , France
| | - Fabien Binamé
- a Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , Bordeaux , France.,b Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology , Bordeaux , France
| | - Valérie Lagrée
- a Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , Bordeaux , France.,b Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology , Bordeaux , France
| | - Violaine Moreau
- a Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , Bordeaux , France.,b Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology , Bordeaux , France
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113
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Liu S, Premont RT, Singh S, Rockey DC. Caveolin 1 and G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase-2 Coregulate Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity in Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:896-907. [PMID: 28162981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Liver injury leads to a vasculopathy in which post-translational modifications of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) lead to impaired nitric oxide synthesis. We hypothesized that caveolin 1 (CAV1), a well-known eNOS interactor, regulates eNOS activity in sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs) via its interaction with G-protein-coupled receptor kinase-2 (GRK2) that also post-translationally modifies eNOS. Liver injury with portal hypertension was established using bile duct ligation in rats. CAV1 function was modified using a CAV1 scaffolding domain construct and cDNAs encoding wild-type CAV1, and CAV1 phosphorylation was increased in injured SECs, resulting in increased GRK2-CAV1 interaction and decreased eNOS activity. In injured SECs, endothelin-1 blocked CAV1 phosphorylation induced by CAV1 scaffolding domain, indicating that CAV1 interaction with GRK2 is inversely regulated by endothelin-1 and CAV1 scaffolding domain after liver injury. In addition, after transduction with DNA encoding wild-type CAV1 into SECs isolated from Cav1-deficient mice, GRK2 association with CAV1 was evident, whereas transduction with a dominant negative CAV1 mutated at tyrosine 14 reduced the interaction. Finally, isoproterenol-induced GRK2 phosphorylation enhanced CAV1-GRK2 interaction and reduced eNOS activity. Our data suggest a novel mechanism and model in which CAV1 phosphorylation facilitates CAV1 scaffolding and GRK2-CAV1 interaction, thus clustering eNOS within a complex that inhibits eNOS activity. This process takes place in injured, but not in normal, SECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songling Liu
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Richard T Premont
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Shweta Singh
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Don C Rockey
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
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114
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Pesce M, Messina E, Chimenti I, Beltrami AP. Cardiac Mechanoperception: A Life-Long Story from Early Beats to Aging and Failure. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 26:77-90. [PMID: 27736363 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The life-long story of the heart starts concomitantly with primary differentiation events occurring in multipotent progenitors located in the so-called heart tube. This initially tubular structure starts a looping process, which leads to formation of the final four-chambered heart with a primary contribution of geometric and position-associated cell sensing. While this establishes the correct patterning of the final cardiac structure, it also provides feedbacks to fundamental cellular machineries controlling proliferation and differentiation, thus ensuring a coordinated restriction of cell growth and a myocyte terminal differentiation. Novel evidences provided by embryological and cell engineering studies have clarified the relevance of mechanics-supported position sensing for the correct recognition of cell fate inside developing embryos and multicellular aggregates. One of the main components of this pathway, the Hippo-dependent signal transduction machinery, is responsible for cell mechanics intracellular transduction with important consequences for gene transcription and cell growth control. Being the Hippo pathway also directly connected to stress responses and altered metabolism, it is tempting to speculate that permanent alterations of mechanosensing may account for modifying self-renewal control in tissue homeostasis. In the present contribution, we translate these concepts to the aging process and the failing of the human heart, two pathophysiologic conditions that are strongly affected by stress responses and altered metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Pesce
- 1 Tissue Engineering Research Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS , Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Messina
- 2 Department of Pediatric Cardiology, "Sapienza" University , Rome, Italy
| | - Isotta Chimenti
- 3 Department of Medical Surgical Science and Biotechnology, "Sapienza" University , Rome, Italy
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115
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Caveolin-1 regulates cancer cell metabolism via scavenging Nrf2 and suppressing MnSOD-driven glycolysis. Oncotarget 2016; 7:308-22. [PMID: 26543228 PMCID: PMC4808000 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic glycolysis is an indispensable component of aggressive cancer cell metabolism. It also distinguishes cancer cells from most healthy cell types in the body. Particularly for this reason, targeting the metabolism to improve treatment outcomes has long been perceived as a potentially valuable strategy. In practice, however, our limited knowledge of why and how metabolic reprogramming occurs has prevented progress towards therapeutic interventions that exploit the metabolic peculiarities of tumors. We recently described that in breast cancer, MnSOD upregulation is both necessary and sufficient to activate glycolysis. Here, we focused on determining the molecular mechanisms of MnSOD upregulation. We found that Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is a central component of this mechanism due to its suppressive effects of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor upstream of MnSOD. In transformed MCF10A(Er/Src) cells, Cav-1 loss preceded the activation of Nrf2 and its induction of MnSOD expression. Consistently, with previous observations, MnSOD expression secondary to Nrf2 activation led to an increase in the glycolytic rate dependent on mtH2O2 production and the activation of AMPK. Moreover, rescue of Cav-1 expression in a breast cancer cell line (MCF7) suppressed Nrf2 and reduced MnSOD expression. Experimental data were reinforced by epidemiologic nested case-control studies showing that Cav-1 and MnSOD are inversely expressed in cases of invasive ductal carcinoma, with low Cav-1 and high MnSOD expression being associated with lower 5-year survival rates and molecular subtypes with poorest prognosis.
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116
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Xiong N, Li S, Tang K, Bai H, Peng Y, Yang H, Wu C, Liu Y. Involvement of caveolin-1 in low shear stress-induced breast cancer cell motility and adhesion: Roles of FAK/Src and ROCK/p-MLC pathways. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1864:12-22. [PMID: 27773611 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cells translocating to distant sites are subjected to hemodynamic shear forces during their passage in the blood vessels. Low shear stress (LSS) plays a critical role in the regulation of various aspects of tumor cells functions, including motility and adhesion. Beyond its structural role, caveolin-1 (Cav-1), the important component of caveolae, represents a modulator of several cancer-associated functions as tumor progression and metastasis. However, the role of Cav-1 in regulating tumor cells response to shear stress remains poorly explored. Here, we characterized the role of LSS and Cav-1 in mediating cell motility and adhesion on human breast carcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells. We first showed that LSS exposure promoted cell polarity and focal adhesion (FA) dynamics, thus indicating elevated cell migration. Silencing of Cav-1 leaded to a significantly lower formation of stress fibers. However, LSS exposure was able to rescue it via the alteration of actin-associated proteins expression, including ROCK, p-MLC, cofilin and filamin A. Time-lapse migration assay indicated that Cav-1 expression fostered MDA-MB-231 cells motility and LSS triggered cells to rapidly generate new lamellipodia. Furthermore, Cav-1 and LSS significantly influenced cell adhesion. Taken together, our findings provide insights into mechanisms underlying LSS triggered events mediated by downstream Cav-1, including FAK/Src and ROCK/p-MLC pathways, involved in the reorganization of the cytoskeleton, cell motility, FA dynamics and breast cancer cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niya Xiong
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Shun Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Kai Tang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Hongxia Bai
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yueting Peng
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, PR China; Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Chunhui Wu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, PR China; Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, PR China; Center for Information in Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yiyao Liu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, PR China; Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, PR China; Center for Information in Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, PR China.
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117
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Ortiz R, Díaz J, Díaz N, Lobos-Gonzalez L, Cárdenas A, Contreras P, Díaz MI, Otte E, Cooper-White J, Torres V, Leyton L, Quest AF. Extracellular matrix-specific Caveolin-1 phosphorylation on tyrosine 14 is linked to augmented melanoma metastasis but not tumorigenesis. Oncotarget 2016; 7:40571-40593. [PMID: 27259249 PMCID: PMC5130029 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (CAV1) is a scaffolding protein that plays a dual role in cancer. In advanced stages of this disease, CAV1 expression in tumor cells is associated with enhanced metastatic potential, while, at earlier stages, CAV1 functions as a tumor suppressor. We recently implicated CAV1 phosphorylation on tyrosine 14 (Y14) in CAV1-enhanced cell migration. However, the contribution of this modification to the dual role of CAV1 in cancer remained unexplored. Here, we used in vitro [2D and transendothelial cell migration (TEM), invasion] and in vivo (metastasis) assays, as well as genetic and biochemical approaches to address this question in B16F10 murine melanoma cells. CAV1 promoted directional migration on fibronectin or laminin, two abundant lung extracellular matrix (ECM) components, which correlated with enhanced Y14 phosphorylation during spreading. Moreover, CAV1-driven migration, invasion, TEM and metastasis were ablated by expression of the phosphorylation null CAV1(Y14F), but not the phosphorylation mimicking CAV1(Y14E) mutation. Finally, CAV1-enhanced focal adhesion dynamics and surface expression of beta1 integrin were required for CAV1-driven TEM. Importantly, CAV1 function as a tumor suppressor in tumor formation assays was not altered by the Y14F mutation. In conclusion, our results provide critical insight to the mechanisms of CAV1 action during cancer development. Specific ECM-integrin interactions and Y14 phosphorylation are required for CAV1-enhanced melanoma cell migration, invasion and metastasis to the lung. Because Y14F mutation diminishes metastasis without inhibiting the tumor suppressor function of CAV1, Y14 phosphorylation emerges as an attractive therapeutic target to prevent metastasis without altering beneficial traits of CAV1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Ortiz
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Universidad Bernardo O Higgins, Facultad de Salud, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Biológicas, Santiago, Chile
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI) Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Díaz
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Díaz
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI) Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena Lobos-Gonzalez
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Andes Biotechnologies SA, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
- Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Areli Cárdenas
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI) Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamela Contreras
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Inés Díaz
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ellen Otte
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Justin Cooper-White
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vicente Torres
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lisette Leyton
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI) Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrew F.G. Quest
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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118
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Klímová Z, Bráborec V, Maninová M, Čáslavský J, Weber MJ, Vomastek T. Symmetry breaking in spreading RAT2 fibroblasts requires the MAPK/ERK pathway scaffold RACK1 that integrates FAK, p190A-RhoGAP and ERK2 signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:2189-200. [PMID: 27212270 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The spreading of adhering cells is a morphogenetic process during which cells break spherical or radial symmetry and adopt migratory polarity with spatially segregated protruding cell front and non-protruding cell rear. The organization and regulation of these symmetry-breaking events, which are both complex and stochastic, are not fully understood. Here we show that in radially spreading cells, symmetry breaking commences with the development of discrete non-protruding regions characterized by large but sparse focal adhesions and long peripheral actin bundles. Establishment of this non-protruding static region specifies the distally oriented protruding cell front and thus determines the polarity axis and the direction of cell migration. The development of non-protruding regions requires ERK2 and the ERK pathway scaffold protein RACK1. RACK1 promotes adhesion-mediated activation of ERK2 that in turn inhibits p190A-RhoGAP signaling by reducing the peripheral localization of p190A-RhoGAP. We propose that sustained ERK signaling at the prospective cell rear induces p190A-RhoGAP depletion from the cell periphery resulting in peripheral actin bundles and cell rear formation. Since cell adhesion activates both ERK and p190A-RhoGAP signaling this constitutes a spatially confined incoherent feed-forward signaling circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michael J Weber
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Tomáš Vomastek
- Institute of Microbiology AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic.
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119
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Yang H, Guan L, Li S, Jiang Y, Xiong N, Li L, Wu C, Zeng H, Liu Y. Mechanosensitive caveolin-1 activation-induced PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway promotes breast cancer motility, invadopodia formation and metastasis in vivo. Oncotarget 2016; 7:16227-47. [PMID: 26919102 PMCID: PMC4941310 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are subjected to fluid shear stress during passage through the venous and lymphatic system. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1), a principal structural component of caveolar membrane domains, contributes to cancer development but its mechanobiological roles under low shear stress (LSS) conditions remain largely unknown. Here, we identified Cav-1 is mechanosensitive to LSS exposure, and its activation-induced PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling promotes motility, invadopodia formation and metastasis of breast carcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells. Application of LSS (1.8 and 4.0 dynes/cm2) to MDA-MB-231 cells significantly increased the cell motility, invadopodia formation, MT1-MMP expression, ECM degradation, and also induced a sustained activation of Cav-1 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling cascades. Methyl-β-cyclodextrin-caused caveolae destruction markedly decreased LSS-induced activation of both Cav-1 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR, leading to suppress MT1-MMP expression, inhibit invadopodia formation and ECM degradation, suggesting that caveolae integrity also involved in metastasis. Immunocytochemical assay showed that LSS induces the Cav-1 clustering in lipid rafts and co-localization of Cav-1 and MT1-MMP on invadopodia. Immunofluorescence confocal analysis demonstrated that Cav-1 activation were required for the acquisition of a polarized phenotype in MDA-MB-231 cells. Finally, Cav-1 knockdown significantly suppressed tumor colonization in the lungs and distant metastases in animal models. Our findings highlight the importance of Cav-1 in hematogenous metastasis, and provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms of mechanotransduction induced by LSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Center for Information in Biomedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Liuyuan Guan
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Shun Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Niya Xiong
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Chunhui Wu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Center for Information in Biomedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Hongjuan Zeng
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Center for Information in Biomedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yiyao Liu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Center for Information in Biomedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, P.R. China
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120
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Li S, Lu J, Chen Y, Xiong N, Li L, Zhang J, Yang H, Wu C, Zeng H, Liu Y. MCP-1-induced ERK/GSK-3β/Snail signaling facilitates the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and promotes the migration of MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells. Cell Mol Immunol 2016; 14:621-630. [PMID: 26996066 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2015.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a chemotactic cytokine that can bind to its receptor cysteine-cysteine chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) and plays an important role in breast cancer cell metastasis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying MCP-1-induced alterations in cellular functions during tumor progression are poorly understood. Here, we showed that MCP-1 stimulated the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and induced the tumorigenesis of breast cancer cells by downregulating E-cadherin, upregulating vimentin and fibronectin, activating matrix metallopeptidase-2 (MMP-2), and promoting migration and invasion. Moreover, MCP-1 treatment reduced glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) activity via the MEK/ERK-mediated phosphorylation of serine-9 in MCF-7 cells. The inhibition of MEK/ERK by U0126 attenuated the MCP-1-induced phosphorylation of GSK-3β and decreased the expression of Snail, an EMT-related transcription factor, leading to the inhibition of MCF-7 cell migration and invasion. Inactivation of GSK-3β by LiCl (lithium chloride) treatment notably increased MMP-2 activity, vascular endothelial growth factor expression and EMT of MCF-7 cells. These findings revealed that MCP-1-induced EMT and migration are mediated by the ERK/GSK-3β/Snail pathway, and identified a potential novel target for therapeutic intervention in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, China
| | - Juan Lu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, China
| | - Niya Xiong
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, China.,Center for Information in Biomedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunhui Wu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, China.,Center for Information in Biomedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongjuan Zeng
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, China.,Center for Information in Biomedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiyao Liu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, China.,Center for Information in Biomedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, China
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121
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Missirlis D, Haraszti T, Scheele CVC, Wiegand T, Diaz C, Neubauer S, Rechenmacher F, Kessler H, Spatz JP. Substrate engagement of integrins α5β1 and αvβ3 is necessary, but not sufficient, for high directional persistence in migration on fibronectin. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23258. [PMID: 26987342 PMCID: PMC4796868 DOI: 10.1038/srep23258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay between specific integrin-mediated matrix adhesion and directional persistence in cell migration is not well understood. Here, we characterized fibroblast adhesion and migration on the extracellular matrix glycoproteins fibronectin and vitronectin, focusing on the role of α5β1 and αvβ3 integrins. Fibroblasts manifested high directional persistence in migration on fibronectin-, but not vitronectin-coated substrates, in a ligand density-dependent manner. Fibronectin stimulated α5β1-dependent organization of the actin cytoskeleton into oriented, ventral stress fibers, and assembly of dynamic, polarized protrusions, characterized as regions free of stress fibers and rich in nascent adhesions at their edge. Such protrusions correlated with persistent, local leading edge advancement, but were not sufficient, nor necessary for directional migration over longer times. Selective blocking of αvβ3 or α5β1 integrins using small molecule integrin antagonists reduced directional persistence on fibronectin, indicating integrin cooperativity in maintaining directionality. On the other hand, patterned substrates, designed to selectively engage either integrin, or their combination, were not sufficient to establish directional migration. Overall, our study demonstrates adhesive coating-dependent regulation of directional persistence in fibroblast migration and challenges the generality of the previously suggested role of β1 and β3 integrins in directional migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Missirlis
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems &University of Heidelberg, Department of Biophysical Chemistry Heisenbergstr. 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tamás Haraszti
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems &University of Heidelberg, Department of Biophysical Chemistry Heisenbergstr. 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Catharina v C Scheele
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems &University of Heidelberg, Department of Biophysical Chemistry Heisenbergstr. 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tina Wiegand
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems &University of Heidelberg, Department of Biophysical Chemistry Heisenbergstr. 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Carolina Diaz
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems &University of Heidelberg, Department of Biophysical Chemistry Heisenbergstr. 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stefanie Neubauer
- Institute for Advanced Study (IAS) and Center of Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching, D-85747, Germany
| | - Florian Rechenmacher
- Institute for Advanced Study (IAS) and Center of Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching, D-85747, Germany
| | - Horst Kessler
- Institute for Advanced Study (IAS) and Center of Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching, D-85747, Germany
| | - Joachim P Spatz
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems &University of Heidelberg, Department of Biophysical Chemistry Heisenbergstr. 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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122
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Sohn J, Brick RM, Tuan RS. From embryonic development to human diseases: The functional role of caveolae/caveolin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 108:45-64. [PMID: 26991990 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Caveolae, an almost ubiquitous, structural component of the plasma membrane, play a critical role in many functions essential for proper cell function, including membrane trafficking, signal transduction, extracellular matrix remodeling, and tissue regeneration. Three main types of caveolin proteins have been identified from caveolae since the discovery of caveolin-1 in the early 1990s. All three (Cav-1, Cav-2, and Cav-3) play crucial roles in mammalian physiology, and can effect pathogenesis in a wide range of human diseases. While many biological activities of caveolins have been uncovered since its discovery, their role and regulation in embryonic develop remain largely poorly understood, although there is increasing evidence that caveolins may be linked to lung and brain birth defects. Further investigations are clearly needed to decipher how caveolae/caveolins mediate cellular functions and activities of normal embryogenesis and how their perturbations contribute to developmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihee Sohn
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rachel M Brick
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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123
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Gabanella F, Pisani C, Borreca A, Farioli-Vecchioli S, Ciotti MT, Ingegnere T, Onori A, Ammassari-Teule M, Corbi N, Canu N, Monaco L, Passananti C, Di Certo MG. SMN affects membrane remodelling and anchoring of the protein synthesis machinery. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:804-16. [PMID: 26743087 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.176750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Disconnection between membrane signalling and actin networks can have catastrophic effects depending on cell size and polarity. The survival motor neuron (SMN) protein is ubiquitously involved in assembly of spliceosomal small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles. Other SMN functions could, however, affect cellular activities driving asymmetrical cell surface expansions. Genes able to mitigate SMN deficiency operate within pathways in which SMN can act, such as mRNA translation, actin network and endocytosis. Here, we found that SMN accumulates at membrane protrusions during the dynamic rearrangement of the actin filaments. In addition to localization data, we show that SMN interacts with caveolin-1, which mediates anchoring of translation machinery components. Importantly, SMN deficiency depletes the plasma membrane of ribosomes, and this correlates with the failure of fibroblasts to extend membrane protrusions. These findings strongly support a relationship between SMN and membrane dynamics. We propose that SMN could assembly translational platforms associated with and governed by the plasma membrane. This activity could be crucial in cells that have an exacerbated interdependence of membrane remodelling and local protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gabanella
- CNR-Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Rome 00143, Italy IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome 00143, Italy
| | - Cinzia Pisani
- CNR-IBPM, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Antonella Borreca
- CNR-Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Rome 00143, Italy IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome 00143, Italy
| | - Stefano Farioli-Vecchioli
- CNR-Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Rome 00143, Italy IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome 00143, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Ciotti
- CNR-Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Rome 00143, Italy European Brain Research Institute (EBRI) Rita Levi-Montalcini, Rome 00143, Italy
| | - Tiziano Ingegnere
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Tuscia University, Viterbo 01100, Italy
| | - Annalisa Onori
- CNR-IBPM, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Martine Ammassari-Teule
- CNR-Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Rome 00143, Italy IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome 00143, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Corbi
- CNR-IBPM, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Nadia Canu
- CNR-Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Rome 00143, Italy Department of System Medicine, University of 'Tor Vergata', Rome 00137, Italy
| | - Lucia Monaco
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Claudio Passananti
- CNR-IBPM, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Di Certo
- CNR-Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Rome 00143, Italy IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome 00143, Italy
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Bravo-Cordero JJ, Cordani M, Soriano SF, Díez B, Muñoz-Agudo C, Casanova-Acebes M, Boullosa C, Guadamillas MC, Ezkurdia I, González-Pisano D, del Pozo MA, Montoya MC. A novel high content analysis tool reveals Rab8-driven actin and FA reorganization through Rho GTPases and calpain/MT1. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:1734-49. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.174920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Rab8 is a small Ras-related GTPase that regulates polarized membrane transport to the plasma membrane. A high content analysis (HCA) tool developed to dissect Rab8-mediated actin and focal adhesion (FA) reorganization revealed that Rab8 activation significantly induced Rac1/Tiam1 to mediate cortical actin (CA) formation and RhoA-dependent stress fibre (SF) disassembly. Rab8 activation increased Rac1 activity, while its depletion activated RhoA, which led to reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Rab8 was also associated with FA, promoting their disassembly in a microtubule dependent manner. This Rab8 effect involved Calpain, MT1-MMP and Rho GTPases. Moreover, we demonstrate the role of Rab8 in the cell migration process. Indeed, Rab8 is required for EGF-induced cell polarization and chemotaxis as well as for the directional persistency of intrinsic cell motility. These data reveal that Rab8 drives cell motility by mechanisms both dependent and independent of Rho GTPases, thereby regulating the establishment of cell polarity, turnover of FA, and actin cytoskeleton rearrangements, thus determining the directionality of cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- José J. Bravo-Cordero
- Current Address: Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, NY, Box 1079, USA
| | - Marco Cordani
- Integrin Signaling Laboratory, Cell Biology & Physiology Program; Cell & Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, E28029, Spain
| | - Silvia F. Soriano
- Integrin Signaling Laboratory, Cell Biology & Physiology Program; Cell & Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, E28029, Spain
| | - Begoña Díez
- Cellomics Unit. Cell Biology & Physiology Program; Cell & Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares CNIC. C/ Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3. Madrid, E28029, Spain
| | - Carmen Muñoz-Agudo
- Cellomics Unit. Cell Biology & Physiology Program; Cell & Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares CNIC. C/ Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3. Madrid, E28029, Spain
| | - María Casanova-Acebes
- Cellomics Unit. Cell Biology & Physiology Program; Cell & Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares CNIC. C/ Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3. Madrid, E28029, Spain
| | - César Boullosa
- Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), C/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid E28029, Spain
| | - Marta C. Guadamillas
- Integrin Signaling Laboratory, Cell Biology & Physiology Program; Cell & Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, E28029, Spain
| | - Iakes Ezkurdia
- Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), C/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid E28029, Spain
| | - David González-Pisano
- Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), C/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid E28029, Spain
| | - Miguel A. del Pozo
- Integrin Signaling Laboratory, Cell Biology & Physiology Program; Cell & Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, E28029, Spain
| | - María C. Montoya
- Cellomics Unit. Cell Biology & Physiology Program; Cell & Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares CNIC. C/ Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3. Madrid, E28029, Spain
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125
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Muthusamy BP, Budi EH, Katsuno Y, Lee MK, Smith SM, Mirza AM, Akhurst RJ, Derynck R. ShcA Protects against Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition through Compartmentalized Inhibition of TGF-β-Induced Smad Activation. PLoS Biol 2015; 13:e1002325. [PMID: 26680585 PMCID: PMC4682977 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a normal cell differentiation event during development and contributes pathologically to carcinoma and fibrosis progression. EMT often associates with increased transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling, and TGF-β drives EMT, in part through Smad-mediated reprogramming of gene expression. TGF-β also activates the Erk MAPK pathway through recruitment and Tyr phosphorylation of the adaptor protein ShcA by the activated TGF-β type I receptor. We found that ShcA protects the epithelial integrity of nontransformed cells against EMT by repressing TGF-β-induced, Smad-mediated gene expression. p52ShcA competed with Smad3 for TGF-β receptor binding, and down-regulation of ShcA expression enhanced autocrine TGF-β/Smad signaling and target gene expression, whereas increased p52ShcA expression resulted in decreased Smad3 binding to the TGF-β receptor, decreased Smad3 activation, and increased Erk MAPK and Akt signaling. Furthermore, p52ShcA sequestered TGF-β receptor complexes to caveolin-associated membrane compartments, and reducing ShcA expression enhanced the receptor localization in clathrin-associated membrane compartments that enable Smad activation. Consequently, silencing ShcA expression induced EMT, with increased cell migration, invasion, and dissemination, and increased stem cell generation and mammosphere formation, dependent upon autocrine TGF-β signaling. These findings position ShcA as a determinant of the epithelial phenotype by repressing TGF-β-induced Smad activation through differential partitioning of receptor complexes at the cell surface. The adaptor protein ShcA protects epithelial cells from transitioning toward a mesenchymal phenotype by controlling partitioning of the TGF-β receptor and repressing downstream Smad2/3 activation. TGF-β family proteins control cell differentiation and various cell functions. Increased TGF-β signaling, acting through heteromeric receptor complexes, contributes to carcinoma progression and fibrosis. TGF-β drives epithelial–mesenchymal transdifferentiation (EMT), which enables cell migration and invasion. Upon TGF-β binding, “type I” receptors activate, through phosphorylation, Smad2 and Smad3 that control target gene transcription. In EMT, Smad complexes activate the expression of EMT “master” transcription factors and cooperate with these to repress the epithelial phenotype and activate mesenchymal gene expression. TGF-β receptors also activate Erk MAPK signaling, involving association of the adaptor protein ShcA and Tyr phosphorylation of ShcA by type I receptors. We now show that the predominant ShcA isoform, p52ShcA, competes with Smad2/3 for binding to type I TGF-β receptors, thus repressing Smad2/3 activation in response to TGF-β and localizing the receptors to caveolar compartments. Consequently, decreased ShcA expression enhanced TGF-β receptor localization in clathrin compartments and autocrine Smad2/3 signaling, repressed the epithelial phenotype, and promoted EMT. The changes following decreased ShcA expression resulted in increased cell migration and invasion, as well as increased stem cell generation, dependent upon autocrine TGF-β signaling. These findings position ShcA as a determinant of the epithelial phenotype by repressing TGF-β-induced Smad activation through differential partitioning of receptor complexes at the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baby Periyanayaki Muthusamy
- Departments of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Erine H. Budi
- Departments of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Yoko Katsuno
- Departments of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Matthew K. Lee
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Susan M. Smith
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Amer M. Mirza
- XOMA Corp., Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Rosemary J. Akhurst
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Rik Derynck
- Departments of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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126
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Lee YD, Yoon SH, Ji E, Kim HH. Caveolin-1 regulates osteoclast differentiation by suppressing cFms degradation. Exp Mol Med 2015; 47:e192. [PMID: 26514084 PMCID: PMC4673477 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2015.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolae are flask-shaped cell-surface membranes, which consist of cholesterol, sphingolipids and caveolin proteins. In a microarray analysis, we found that caveolin-1 (Cav-1) was upregulated by receptor activator of NFκB ligand (RANKL), the osteoclast differentiation factor. Silencing of Cav-1 inhibited osteoclastogenesis and also decreased the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and the induction of NFATc1 by RANKL. Cav-1 knockdown suppressed the expression of cFms and RANK, two major receptors for osteoclastogenesis. Interestingly, cFms expression was decreased only at the protein level, not at the messenger RNA (mRNA) level, whereas RANK expression was decreased at both the mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, Cav-1 deficiency increased the lysosomal degradation of cFms. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Cav-1-dependent cFms stabilization contributes to efficient osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Deok Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, BK21 Program and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Yoon
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, BK21 Program and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunhee Ji
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hong-Hee Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, BK21 Program and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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127
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Abstract
Spatial organization of the plasma membrane is an essential feature of the cellular response to external stimuli. Receptor organization at the cell surface mediates transmission of extracellular stimuli to intracellular signalling molecules and effectors that impact various cellular processes including cell differentiation, metabolism, growth, migration and apoptosis. Membrane domains include morphologically distinct plasma membrane invaginations such as clathrin-coated pits and caveolae, but also less well-defined domains such as lipid rafts and the galectin lattice. In the present chapter, we will discuss interaction between caveolae, lipid rafts and the galectin lattice in the control of cancer cell signalling.
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128
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Shukla A, Cutucache CE, Sutton GL, Pitner MA, Rai K, Rai S, Opavsky R, Swanson PC, Joshi SS. Absence of caveolin-1 leads to delayed development of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in Eμ-TCL1 mouse model. Exp Hematol 2015; 44:30-7.e1. [PMID: 26435347 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common adult leukemia in the United States. The tissue microenvironment, specifically the lymph nodes, influences the biological and clinical behavior of CLL cells. Gene expression profiling of CLL cells from peripheral blood, bone marrow, and lymph nodes revealed Cav-1 as one of the genes that might be involved in the pathogenesis of CLL. We have previously reported that the knockdown of Cav-1 in primary CLL cells exhibits a significant decrease in cell migration and immune synapse formation. However, the precise role of Cav-1 in CLL initiation and progression in vivo is not known. Therefore, we decreased the expression of Cav-1 in vivo by breeding Eμ-TCL1 with cav-1 knockout mice. We observed a significant decrease in the number of CLL cells and rate of proliferation of CLL cells in spleen, liver, and bone marrow from Eμ-TCL1-Cav1(-/+) and Eμ-TCL1-Cav1(-/-) mice as compared with Eμ-TCL1 mice. In addition, there was a significant increase in survival of Eμ-TCL1-Cav1(-/+) and Eμ-TCL1-Cav1(-/-) compared with Eμ-TCL1 mice. Mechanistically, we observed a decrease in MAPK-Erk signaling measured by p-Erk levels in Eμ-TCL1-Cav1(-/+) mice when compared with Eμ-TCL1-Cav(wt/wt). Together these results indicate that decreased Cav-1 in Eμ-TCL1 mice significantly delays the onset of CLL and decreases leukemic progression by inhibiting MAPK-Erk signaling, suggesting a role for Cav-1 in the proliferation and progression of CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashima Shukla
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | | | - Garrett L Sutton
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Michael A Pitner
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Karan Rai
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Siddharth Rai
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Rene Opavsky
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Patrick C Swanson
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Shantaram S Joshi
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE.
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129
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Hoskin V, Szeto A, Ghaffari A, Greer PA, Côté GP, Elliott BE. Ezrin regulates focal adhesion and invadopodia dynamics by altering calpain activity to promote breast cancer cell invasion. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:3464-79. [PMID: 26246600 PMCID: PMC4591691 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-12-1584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ezrin regulates proper focal adhesion and invadopodia turnover by regulating calpain-1, in part by directing its proteolytic activity toward key substrates talin, FAK, and cortactin. Ezrin-deficient tumor cells show reduced lung seeding and colonization in vivo but not primary tumor growth, thus implicating ezrin as a metastasis-associated protein. Up-regulation of the cytoskeleton linker protein ezrin frequently occurs in aggressive cancer types and is closely linked with metastatic progression. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms detailing how ezrin is involved in the invasive and metastatic phenotype remain unclear. Here we report a novel function of ezrin in regulating focal adhesion (FA) and invadopodia dynamics, two key processes required for efficient invasion to occur. We show that depletion of ezrin expression in invasive breast cancer cells impairs both FA and invadopodia turnover. We also demonstrate that ezrin-depleted cells display reduced calpain-mediated cleavage of the FA and invadopodia-associated proteins talin, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and cortactin and reduced calpain-1–specific membrane localization, suggesting a requirement for ezrin in maintaining proper localization and activity of calpain-1. Furthermore, we show that ezrin is required for cell directionality, early lung seeding, and distant organ colonization but not primary tumor growth. Collectively our results unveil a novel mechanism by which ezrin regulates breast cancer cell invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Hoskin
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Alvin Szeto
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Abdi Ghaffari
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Peter A Greer
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Graham P Côté
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Bruce E Elliott
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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130
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Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of childhood and adolescence. Despite advances in therapy, patients with histological variant of rhabdomyosarcoma known as alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) have a 5-year survival of less than 30%. Caveolin-1 (CAV1), encoding the structural component of cellular caveolae, is a suggested tumor suppressor gene involved in cell signaling. In the present study we report that compared to other forms of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) CAV1 expression is either undetectable or very low in ARMS cell lines and tumor samples. DNA methylation analysis of the promoter region and azacytidine-induced re-expression suggest the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in the silencing of CAV1. Reintroduction of CAV1 in three of these cell lines impairs their clonogenic capacity and promotes features of muscular differentiation. In vitro, CAV1-expressing cells show high expression of Caveolin-3 (CAV3), a muscular differentiation marker. Blockade of MAPK signaling is also observed. In vivo, CAV1-expressing xenografts show growth delay, features of muscular differentiation and increased cell death. In summary, our results suggest that CAV1 could function as a potent tumor suppressor in ARMS tumors. Inhibition of CAV1 function therefore, could contribute to aberrant cell proliferation, leading to ARMS development.
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131
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Charming neighborhoods on the cell surface: plasma membrane microdomains regulate receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. Cell Signal 2015; 27:1963-76. [PMID: 26163824 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) are an important family of growth factor and hormone receptors that regulate many aspects of cellular physiology. Ligand binding by RTKs at the plasma membrane elicits activation of many signaling intermediates. The spatial and temporal regulation of RTK signaling within cells is an important determinant of receptor signaling outcome. In particular, the compartmentalization of the plasma membrane into a number of microdomains allows context-specific control of RTK signaling. Indeed various RTKs are recruited to and enriched within specific plasma membrane microdomains under various conditions, including lipid-ordered domains such as caveolae and lipid rafts, clathrin-coated structures, tetraspanin-enriched microdomains, and actin-dependent protrusive membrane microdomains such as dorsal ruffles and invadosomes. We examine the evidence for control of RTK signaling by each of these plasma membrane microdomains, as well as molecular mechanisms for how this spatial organization controls receptor signaling.
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132
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Echarri A, Del Pozo MA. Caveolae - mechanosensitive membrane invaginations linked to actin filaments. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:2747-58. [PMID: 26159735 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.153940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An essential property of the plasma membrane of mammalian cells is its plasticity, which is required for sensing and transmitting of signals, and for accommodating the tensional changes imposed by its environment or its own biomechanics. Caveolae are unique invaginated membrane nanodomains that play a major role in organizing signaling, lipid homeostasis and adaptation to membrane tension. Caveolae are frequently associated with stress fibers, a major regulator of membrane tension and cell shape. In this Commentary, we discuss recent studies that have provided new insights into the function of caveolae and have shown that trafficking and organization of caveolae are tightly regulated by stress-fiber regulators, providing a functional link between caveolae and stress fibers. Furthermore, the tension in the plasma membrane determines the curvature of caveolae because they flatten at high tension and invaginate at low tension, thus providing a tension-buffering system. Caveolae also regulate multiple cellular pathways, including RhoA-driven actomyosin contractility and other mechanosensitive pathways, suggesting that caveolae could couple mechanotransduction pathways to actin-controlled changes in tension through their association with stress fibers. Therefore, we argue here that the association of caveolae with stress fibers could provide an important strategy for cells to deal with mechanical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier Echarri
- Integrin Signaling Laboratory, Cell Biology & Physiology Program, Cell & Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Miguel A Del Pozo
- Integrin Signaling Laboratory, Cell Biology & Physiology Program, Cell & Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
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133
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Galectin-3 Overrides PTRF/Cavin-1 Reduction of PC3 Prostate Cancer Cell Migration. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126056. [PMID: 25942420 PMCID: PMC4420459 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of Caveolin-1 (Cav1), a key component of cell surface caveolae, is elevated in prostate cancer (PCa) and associated with PCa metastasis and a poor prognosis for PCa patients. Polymerase I and Transcript Release Factor (PTRF)/cavin-1 is a cytoplasmic protein required for Cav1-dependent formation of caveolae. Expression of PTRF reduces the motility of PC3 cells, a metastatic prostate cancer cell line that endogenously expresses abundant Cav1 but no PTRF and no caveolae, suggesting a role for non-caveolar Cav1 domains, or Cav1 scaffolds, in PCa cell migration. Tyrosine phosphorylated Cav1 (pCav1) functions in concert with Galectin-3 (Gal3) and the galectin lattice to stabilize focal adhesion kinase (FAK) within focal adhesions (FAs) and promote cancer cell motility. However, whether PTRF regulation of Cav1 function in PCa cell migration is related to Gal3 expression and functionality has yet to be determined. Here we show that PTRF expression in PC3 cells reduces FAK stabilization in focal adhesions and reduces cell motility without affecting pCav1 levels. Exogenous Gal3 stabilized FAK in focal adhesions of PTRF-expressing cells and restored cell motility of PTRF-expressing PC3 cells to levels of PC3 cells in a dose-dependent manner, with an optimal concentration of 2 µg/ml. Exogenous Gal3 stabilized FAK in focal adhesions of Gal3 knockdown PC3 cells but not in Cav1 knockdown PC3 cells. Cav1 knockdown also prevented Gal3 rescue of FA-associated FAK stabilization in PTRF-expressing PC3 cells. Our data support a role for PTRF/cavin-1, through caveolae formation, as an attenuator of the non-caveolar functionality of Cav1 in Gal3-Cav1 signalling and regulation of focal adhesion dynamics and cancer cell migration.
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134
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Williamson RC, Cowell CAM, Reville T, Roper JA, Rendall TCS, Bass MD. Coronin-1C Protein and Caveolin Protein Provide Constitutive and Inducible Mechanisms of Rac1 Protein Trafficking. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:15437-15449. [PMID: 25925950 PMCID: PMC4505459 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.640367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustained directional fibroblast migration requires both polarized activation of the protrusive signal, Rac1, and redistribution of inactive Rac1 from the rear of the cell so that it can be redistributed or degraded. In this work, we determine how alternative endocytic mechanisms dictate the fate of Rac1 in response to the extracellular matrix environment. We discover that both coronin-1C and caveolin retrieve Rac1 from similar locations at the rear and sides of the cell. We find that coronin-1C-mediated extraction, which is responsible for Rac1 recycling, is a constitutive process that maintains Rac1 protein levels within the cell. In the absence of coronin-1C, the effect of caveolin-mediated endocytosis, which targets Rac1 for proteasomal degradation, becomes apparent. Unlike constitutive coronin-1C-mediated trafficking, caveolin-mediated Rac1 endocytosis is induced by engagement of the fibronectin receptor syndecan-4. Such an inducible endocytic/degradation mechanism would predict that, in the presence of fibronectin, caveolin defines regions of the cell that are resistant to Rac1 activation but, in the absence of fibronectin leaves more of the membrane susceptible to Rac1 activation and protrusion. Indeed, we demonstrate that fibronectin-stimulated activation of Rac1 is accelerated in the absence of caveolin and that, when caveolin is knocked down, polarization of active Rac1 is lost in FRET experiments and culminates in shunting migration in a fibrous fibronectin matrix. Although the concept of polarized Rac1 activity in response to chemoattractants has always been apparent, our understanding of the balance between recycling and degradation explains how polarity can be maintained when the chemotactic gradient has faded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalind C Williamson
- School of Biochemistry and University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher A M Cowell
- School of Biochemistry and University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Reville
- School of Biochemistry and University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - James A Roper
- School of Biochemistry and University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas C S Rendall
- Department of Engineering, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Mark D Bass
- School of Biochemistry and University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom; Centre for Membrane Interactions and Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom.
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135
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Biomechanical and biochemical remodeling of stromal extracellular matrix in cancer. Trends Biotechnol 2015; 33:230-6. [PMID: 25708906 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides structural and biochemical signals that regulate cell function. A well-controlled balance between cells and surroundings (i.e., dynamic reciprocity) is crucial for regulating ECM architecture. During cancer progression, epithelial cells undergo genetic alterations which, together with stromal changes including ECM remodeling, disturb the homeostatic dynamics of the epithelium. A parallel organization of stromal ECM fibrils is associated with tumorigenic responses. In an emerging paradigm, continuous and progressive regulation via mechanical forces and aberrant signaling are believed to be responsible for tumor-associated ECM remodeling. In this review we discuss the discrete biomechanical and biochemical mechanisms that underlie these architectural changes and highlight their particular relevance to the regulation of the alignment of ECM in the mesenchymal stroma.
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136
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Mutch LJ, Howden JD, Jenner EPL, Poulter NS, Rappoport JZ. Polarised clathrin-mediated endocytosis of EGFR during chemotactic invasion. Traffic 2015; 15:648-64. [PMID: 24921075 PMCID: PMC4309520 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Directed cell migration is critical for numerous physiological processes including development and wound healing. However chemotaxis is also exploited during cancer progression. Recent reports have suggested links between vesicle trafficking pathways and directed cell migration. Very little is known about the potential roles of endocytosis pathways during metastasis. Therefore we performed a series of studies employing a previously characterised model for chemotactic invasion of cancer cells to assess specific hypotheses potentially linking endocytosis to directed cell migration. Our results demonstrate that clathrin-mediated endocytosis is indispensable for epidermal growth factor (EGF) directed chemotactic invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells. Conversely, caveolar endocytosis is not required in this mode of migration. We further found that chemoattractant receptor (EGFR) trafficking occurs by clathrin-mediated endocytosis and is polarised towards the front of migrating cells. However, we found no role for clathrin-mediated endocytosis in focal adhesion disassembly in this migration model. Thus, this study has characterised the role of endocytosis during chemotactic invasion and has identified functions mechanistically linking clathrin-mediated endocytosis to directed cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Jane Mutch
- School of Biosciences, The University of BirminghamEdgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jake Davey Howden
- School of Biosciences, The University of BirminghamEdgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | | | - Natalie Sarah Poulter
- Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Institute for Biomedical Research, The College of Medical and Dental Sciences, The University of BirminghamEdgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Joshua Zachary Rappoport
- School of Biosciences, The University of BirminghamEdgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- *Corresponding author: Joshua Z. Rappoport,
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137
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Schilling JM, Roth DM, Patel HH. Caveolins in cardioprotection - translatability and mechanisms. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:2114-25. [PMID: 25377989 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Translation of preclinical treatments for ischaemia-reperfusion injury into clinical therapies has been limited by a number of factors. This review will focus on a single mode of cardiac protection related to a membrane scaffolding protein, caveolin, which regulates protective signalling as well as myocyte ultrastructure in the setting of ischaemic stress. Factors that have limited the clinical translation of protection will be considered specifically in terms of signalling and structural defects. The potential of caveolin to overcome barriers to protection with the ultimate hope of clinical translation will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M Schilling
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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138
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The N-terminal leucine-zipper motif in PTRF/cavin-1 is essential and sufficient for its caveolae-association. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 456:750-6. [PMID: 25514038 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PTRF/cavin-1 is a protein of two lives. Its reported functions in ribosomal RNA synthesis and in caveolae formation happen in two different cellular locations: nucleus vs. plasma membrane. Here, we identified that the N-terminal leucine-zipper motif in PTRF/cavin-1 was essential for the protein to be associated with caveolae in plasma membrane. It could counteract the effect of nuclear localization sequence in the molecule (AA 235-251). Deletion of this leucine-zipper motif from PTRF/cavin-1 caused the mutant to be exclusively localized in nuclei. The fusion of this leucine-zipper motif with histone 2A, which is a nuclear protein, could induce the fusion protein to be exported from nucleus. Cell migration was greatly inhibited in PTRF/cavin-1(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). The inhibited cell motility could only be rescued by exogenous cavin-1 but not the leucine-zipper motif deleted cavin-1 mutant. Plasma membrane dynamics is an important factor in cell motility control. Our results suggested that the membrane dynamics in cell migration is affected by caveolae associated PTRF/cavin-1.
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139
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Yongsanguanchai N, Pongrakhananon V, Mutirangura A, Rojanasakul Y, Chanvorachote P. Nitric oxide induces cancer stem cell-like phenotypes in human lung cancer cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 308:C89-100. [PMID: 25411331 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00187.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Even though tremendous advances have been made in the treatment of cancers during the past decades, the success rate among patients with cancer is still dismal, largely because of problems associated with chemo/radioresistance and relapse. Emerging evidence has indicated that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are behind the resistance and recurrence problems, but our understanding of their regulation is limited. Rapid reversible changes of CSC-like cells within tumors may result from the effect of biological mediators found in the tumor microenvironment. Here we show how nitric oxide (NO), a key cellular modulator whose level is elevated in many tumors, affects CSC-like phenotypes of human non-small cell lung carcinoma H292 and H460 cells. Exposure of NO gradually altered the cell morphology toward mesenchymal stem-like shape. NO exposure promoted CSC-like phenotype, indicated by increased expression of known CSC markers, CD133 and ALDH1A1, in the exposed cells. These effects of NO on stemness were reversible after cessation of the NO treatment for 7 days. Furthermore, such effect was reproducible using another NO donor, S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine. Importantly, inhibition of NO by the known NO scavenger 2-(4-carboxy-phenyl)-4,4,5,5 tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxy-3-oxide strongly inhibited CSC-like aggressive cellular behavior and marker expression. Last, we unveiled the underlying mechanism of NO action through the activation of caveolin-1 (Cav-1), which is upregulated by NO and is responsible for the aggressive behavior of the cells, including anoikis resistance, anchorage-independent cell growth, and increased cell migration and invasion. These findings indicate a novel role of NO in CSC regulation and its importance in aggressive cancer behaviors through Cav-1 upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuttida Yongsanguanchai
- Pharmaceutical Technology (International) Program, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Varisa Pongrakhananon
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Cell-Based Drug and Health Products Development Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Apiwat Mutirangura
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Genetics of Cancer and Human Diseases, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yon Rojanasakul
- School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Pithi Chanvorachote
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Cell-Based Drug and Health Products Development Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand;
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140
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Rathor N, Chung HK, Wang SR, Wang JY, Turner DJ, Rao JN. Caveolin-1 enhances rapid mucosal restitution by activating TRPC1-mediated Ca2+ signaling. Physiol Rep 2014; 2:2/11/e12193. [PMID: 25367694 PMCID: PMC4255804 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Early rapid mucosal restitution occurs as a consequence of epithelial cell migration to reseal superficial wounds, a process independent of cell proliferation. Our previous studies revealed that the canonical transient receptor potential-1 (TRPC1) functions as a store-operated Ca(2+) channel (SOCs) in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and regulates epithelial restitution after wounding, but the exact mechanism underlying TRPC1 activation remains elusive. Caveolin-1 (Cav1) is a major component protein that is associated with caveolar lipid rafts in the plasma membrane and was recently identified as a regulator of store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE). Here, we showed that Cav1 plays an important role in the regulation of mucosal restitution by activating TRPC1-mediated Ca(2+) signaling. Target deletion of Cav1 delayed gastric mucosal repair after exposure to hypertonic NaCl in mice, although it did not affect total levels of TRPC1 protein. In cultured IECs, Cav1 directly interacted with TRPC1 and formed Cav1/TRPC1 complex as measured by immunoprecipitation assays. Cav1 silencing in stable TRPC1-transfected cells by transfection with siCav1 reduced SOCE without effect on the level of resting [Ca(2+)]cyt. Inhibition of Cav1 expression by siCav1 and subsequent decrease in Ca(2+) influx repressed epithelial restitution, as indicated by a decrease in cell migration over the wounded area, whereas stable ectopic overexpression of Cav1 increased Cav1/TRPC1 complex, induced SOCE, and enhanced cell migration after wounding. These results indicate that Cav1 physically interacts with and activates TRPC1, thus stimulating TRPC1-mediated Ca(2+) signaling and rapid mucosal restitution after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneeta Rathor
- Department of Surgery, Cell Biology Group, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hee K Chung
- Department of Surgery, Cell Biology Group, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shelley R Wang
- Department of Surgery, Cell Biology Group, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jian-Ying Wang
- Department of Surgery, Cell Biology Group, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Douglas J Turner
- Department of Surgery, Cell Biology Group, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jaladanki N Rao
- Department of Surgery, Cell Biology Group, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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141
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Elosegui-Artola A, Jorge-Peñas A, Moreno-Arotzena O, Oregi A, Lasa M, García-Aznar JM, De Juan-Pardo EM, Aldabe R. Image analysis for the quantitative comparison of stress fibers and focal adhesions. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107393. [PMID: 25269086 PMCID: PMC4182299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin stress fibers (SFs) detect and transmit forces to the extracellular matrix through focal adhesions (FAs), and molecules in this pathway determine cellular behavior. Here, we designed two different computational tools to quantify actin SFs and the distribution of actin cytoskeletal proteins within a normalized cellular morphology. Moreover, a systematic cell response comparison between the control cells and those with impaired actin cytoskeleton polymerization was performed to demonstrate the reliability of the tools. Indeed, a variety of proteins that were present within the string beginning at the focal adhesions (vinculin) up to the actin SFs contraction (non-muscle myosin II (NMMII)) were analyzed. Finally, the software used allows for the quantification of the SFs based on the relative positions of FAs. Therefore, it provides a better insight into the cell mechanics and broadens the knowledge of the nature of SFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Elosegui-Artola
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Unit, Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones Técnicas and Tecnun, University of Navarra, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Alvaro Jorge-Peñas
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Unit, Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones Técnicas and Tecnun, University of Navarra, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Oihana Moreno-Arotzena
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Amaia Oregi
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Unit, Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones Técnicas and Tecnun, University of Navarra, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Marta Lasa
- Gene Therapy and Hepatology Area, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - José Manuel García-Aznar
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elena M. De Juan-Pardo
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Unit, Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones Técnicas and Tecnun, University of Navarra, San Sebastian, Spain
- * E-mail: (RA); (EMDJ)
| | - Rafael Aldabe
- Gene Therapy and Hepatology Area, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- * E-mail: (RA); (EMDJ)
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142
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Rey-Barroso J, Alvarez-Barrientos A, Rico-Leo E, Contador-Troca M, Carvajal-Gonzalez JM, Echarri A, Del Pozo MA, Fernandez-Salguero PM. The Dioxin receptor modulates Caveolin-1 mobilization during directional migration: role of cholesterol. Cell Commun Signal 2014; 12:57. [PMID: 25238970 PMCID: PMC4172968 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-014-0057-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adhesion and migration are relevant physiological functions that must be regulated by the cell under both normal and pathological conditions. The dioxin receptor (AhR) has emerged as a transcription factor regulating both processes in mesenchymal, epithelial and endothelial cells. Indirect results suggest that AhR could cooperate not only with additional transcription factors but also with membrane-associated proteins to drive such processes. Results In this study, we have used immortalized and primary dermal fibroblasts from wild type (AhR+/+) and AhR-null (AhR−/−) mice to show that AhR modulates membrane distribution and mobilization of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) during directional cell migration. AhR co-immunoprecipitated with Cav-1 and a fraction of both proteins co-localized to detergent-resistant membrane microdomains (DRM). Consistent with a role of AhR in the process, AhR−/− cells had a significant reduction in Cav-1 in DRMs. Moreover, high cell density reduced AhR nuclear levels and moved Cav-1 from DRMs to the soluble membrane in AhR+/+ but not in AhR−/− cells. Tyrosine-14 phosphorylation had a complex role in the mechanism since its upregulation reduced Cav-1 in DRMs in both AhR+/+ and AhR−/−cells, despite the lower basal levels of Y14-Cav-1 in the null cells. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching revealed that AhR knock-down blocked Cav-1 transport to the plasma membrane, a deficit possibly influencing its depleted levels in DRMs. Membrane distribution of Cav-1 in AhR-null fibroblasts correlated with higher levels of cholesterol and with disrupted membrane microdomains, whereas addition of exogenous cholesterol changed the Cav-1 distribution of AhR+/+ cells to the null phenotype. Consistently, higher cholesterol levels enhanced caveolae-dependent endocytosis in AhR-null cells. Conclusions These results suggest that AhR modulates Cav-1 distribution in migrating cells through the control of cholesterol-enriched membrane microdomains. Our study also supports the likely possibility of membrane-related, transcription factor independent, functions of AhR. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12964-014-0057-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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143
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Zhou Y, Hancock JF. Ras nanoclusters: Versatile lipid-based signaling platforms. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1853:841-9. [PMID: 25234412 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ras proteins assemble into transient nanoclusters on the plasma membrane. Nanoclusters are the sites of Ras effector recruitment and activation and are therefore essential for signal transmission. The dynamics of nanocluster formation and disassembly result in interesting emergent properties including high-fidelity signal transmission. More recently the lipid structure of Ras nanoclusters has been reported and shown to contribute to isoform-specific Ras signaling. In addition specific lipids play critical roles in mediating the formation, stability and dynamics of Ras nanoclusters. In consequence the spatiotemporal organization of these lipids has emerged as important and novel regulators of Ras function. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Nanoscale membrane organisation and signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhou
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - John F Hancock
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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144
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Caveolin-1 is required for TGF-β-induced transactivation of the EGF receptor pathway in hepatocytes through the activation of the metalloprotease TACE/ADAM17. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1326. [PMID: 25032849 PMCID: PMC4123087 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) plays a dual role in hepatocytes, inducing both pro- and anti-apoptotic responses, whose balance decides cell fate. Survival signals are mediated by the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway, which is activated by TGF-β in these cells. Caveolin-1 (Cav1) is a structural protein of caveolae linked to TGF-β receptors trafficking and signaling. Previous results have indicated that in hepatocytes, Cav1 is required for TGF-β-induced anti-apoptotic signals, but the molecular mechanism is not fully understood yet. In this work, we show that immortalized Cav1(-/-) hepatocytes were more sensitive to the pro-apoptotic effects induced by TGF-β, showing a higher activation of caspase-3, higher decrease in cell viability and prolonged increase through time of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). These results were coincident with attenuation of TGF-β-induced survival signals in Cav1(-/-) hepatocytes, such as AKT and ERK1/2 phosphorylation and NFκ-B activation. Transactivation of the EGFR pathway by TGF-β was impaired in Cav1(-/-) hepatocytes, which correlated with lack of activation of TACE/ADAM17, the metalloprotease responsible for the shedding of EGFR ligands. Reconstitution of Cav1 in Cav1(-/-) hepatocytes rescued wild-type phenotype features, both in terms of EGFR transactivation and TACE/ADAM17 activation. TACE/ADAM17 was localized in detergent-resistant membrane (DRM) fractions in Cav1(+/+) cells, which was not the case in Cav1(-/-) cells. Disorganization of lipid rafts after treatment with cholesterol-binding agents caused loss of TACE/ADAM17 activation after TGF-β treatment. In conclusion, in hepatocytes, Cav1 is required for TGF-β-mediated activation of the metalloprotease TACE/ADAM17 that is responsible for shedding of EGFR ligands and activation of the EGFR pathway, which counteracts the TGF-β pro-apoptotic effects. Therefore, Cav1 contributes to the pro-tumorigenic effects of TGF-β in liver cancer cells.
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145
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Croisé P, Estay-Ahumada C, Gasman S, Ory S. Rho GTPases, phosphoinositides, and actin: a tripartite framework for efficient vesicular trafficking. Small GTPases 2014; 5:e29469. [PMID: 24914539 DOI: 10.4161/sgtp.29469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho GTPases are well known regulators of the actin cytoskeleton that act by binding and activating actin nucleators. They are therefore involved in many actin-based processes, including cell migration, cell polarity, and membrane trafficking. With the identification of phosphoinositide kinases and phosphatases as potential binding partners or effectors, Rho GTPases also appear to participate in the regulation of phosphoinositide metabolism. Since both actin dynamics and phosphoinositide turnover affect the efficiency and the fidelity of vesicle transport between cell compartments, Rho GTPases have emerged as critical players in membrane trafficking. Rho GTPase activity, actin remodeling, and phosphoinositide metabolism need to be coordinated in both space and time to ensure the progression of vesicles along membrane trafficking pathways. Although most molecular pathways are still unclear, in this review, we will highlight recent advances made in our understanding of how Rho-dependent signaling pathways organize actin dynamics and phosphoinositides and how phosphoinositides potentially provide negative feedback to Rho GTPases during endocytosis, exocytosis and membrane exchange between intracellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Croisé
- CNRS UPR 3212; Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives; Université de Strasbourg; Strasbourg, France
| | - Catherine Estay-Ahumada
- CNRS UPR 3212; Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives; Université de Strasbourg; Strasbourg, France
| | - Stéphane Gasman
- CNRS UPR 3212; Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives; Université de Strasbourg; Strasbourg, France
| | - Stéphane Ory
- CNRS UPR 3212; Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives; Université de Strasbourg; Strasbourg, France
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146
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Rathor N, Zhuang R, Wang JY, Donahue JM, Turner DJ, Rao JN. Src-mediated caveolin-1 phosphorylation regulates intestinal epithelial restitution by altering Ca(2+) influx after wounding. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2014; 306:G650-8. [PMID: 24557763 PMCID: PMC3989706 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00003.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Early mucosal restitution occurs as a consequence of intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) migration to reseal superficial wounds, but its exact mechanism remains largely unknown. Caveolin-1 (Cav1), a major component associated with caveolar lipid rafts in the plasma membrane, is implicated in many aspects of cellular functions. This study determined if c-Src kinase (Src)-induced Cav1 phosphorylation promotes intestinal epithelial restitution after wounding by activating Cav1-mediated Ca(2+) signaling. Src directly interacted with Cav1, formed Cav1-Src complexes, and phosphorylated Cav1 in IECs. Inhibition of Src activity by its chemical inhibitor PP2 or suppression of the functional caveolin scaffolding domain by caveolin-scaffolding domain peptides prevented Cav1-Src interaction, reduced Cav1 phosphorylation, decreased Ca(2+) influx, and inhibited cell migration after wounding. Disruption of caveolar lipid raft microdomains by methyl-β-cyclodextrin reduced Cav1-mediated Ca(2+) influx and repressed epithelial restitution. Moreover, Src silencing prevented subcellular redistribution of phosphorylated Cav1 in migrating IECs. These results indicate that Src-induced Cav1 phosphorylation stimulates epithelial restitution by increasing Cav1-mediated Ca(2+) signaling after wounding, thus contributing to the maintenance of gut mucosal integrity under various pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneeta Rathor
- 1Department of Surgery, Cell Biology Group, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; ,2Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Ran Zhuang
- 1Department of Surgery, Cell Biology Group, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; ,2Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Jian-Ying Wang
- 1Department of Surgery, Cell Biology Group, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; ,2Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland; and ,3Department of Pathology, Cell Biology Group, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - James M. Donahue
- 1Department of Surgery, Cell Biology Group, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; ,2Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Douglas J. Turner
- 1Department of Surgery, Cell Biology Group, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; ,2Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Jaladanki N. Rao
- 1Department of Surgery, Cell Biology Group, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; ,2Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland; and
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147
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Chaudhary N, Gomez GA, Howes MT, Lo HP, McMahon KA, Rae JA, Schieber NL, Hill MM, Gaus K, Yap AS, Parton RG. Endocytic crosstalk: cavins, caveolins, and caveolae regulate clathrin-independent endocytosis. PLoS Biol 2014; 12:e1001832. [PMID: 24714042 PMCID: PMC3979662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolar proteins and caveolae negatively regulate a second clathrin-independent endocytic CLIC/GEEC pathway; caveolin-1 affects membrane diffusion properties of raft-associated CLIC cargo, and the scaffolding domain of caveolin-1 is required and sufficient for endocytic inhibition. Several studies have suggested crosstalk between different clathrin-independent endocytic pathways. However, the molecular mechanisms and functional relevance of these interactions are unclear. Caveolins and cavins are crucial components of caveolae, specialized microdomains that also constitute an endocytic route. Here we show that specific caveolar proteins are independently acting negative regulators of clathrin-independent endocytosis. Cavin-1 and Cavin-3, but not Cavin-2 or Cavin-4, are potent inhibitors of the clathrin-independent carriers/GPI-AP enriched early endosomal compartment (CLIC/GEEC) endocytic pathway, in a process independent of caveola formation. Caveolin-1 (CAV1) and CAV3 also inhibit the CLIC/GEEC pathway upon over-expression. Expression of caveolar protein leads to reduction in formation of early CLIC/GEEC carriers, as detected by quantitative electron microscopy analysis. Furthermore, the CLIC/GEEC pathway is upregulated in cells lacking CAV1/Cavin-1 or with reduced expression of Cavin-1 and Cavin-3. Inhibition by caveolins can be mimicked by the isolated caveolin scaffolding domain and is associated with perturbed diffusion of lipid microdomain components, as revealed by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) studies. In the absence of cavins (and caveolae) CAV1 is itself endocytosed preferentially through the CLIC/GEEC pathway, but the pathway loses polarization and sorting attributes with consequences for membrane dynamics and endocytic polarization in migrating cells and adult muscle tissue. We also found that noncaveolar Cavin-1 can act as a modulator for the activity of the key regulator of the CLIC/GEEC pathway, Cdc42. This work provides new insights into the regulation of noncaveolar clathrin-independent endocytosis by specific caveolar proteins, illustrating multiple levels of crosstalk between these pathways. We show for the first time a role for specific cavins in regulating the CLIC/GEEC pathway, provide a new tool to study this pathway, identify caveola-independent functions of the cavins and propose a novel mechanism for inhibition of the CLIC/GEEC pathway by caveolin. Endocytosis is the process that allows cells to take up molecules from the environment. Several endocytic pathways exist in mammalian cells. While the best understood endocytic pathway uses clathrin, recent years have seen a great increase in our understanding of clathrin-independent endocytic pathways. Here we characterize the crosstalk between caveolae, flask-shaped specialized microdomains present at the plasma membrane, and a second clathrin-independent pathway, the CLIC/GEEC Cdc42-regulated endocytic pathway. These pathways are segregated in migrating cells with caveolae at the rear and CLIC/GEEC endocytosis at the leading edge. Here we find that specific caveolar proteins, caveolins and cavins, can also negatively regulate the CLIC/GEEC pathway. With the help of several techniques, including quantitative electron microscopy analysis and real-time live-cell imaging, we demonstrate that expression of caveolar proteins affects early carrier formation, causes cellular lipid changes, and changes the activity of the key regulator of the CLIC/GEEC pathway, Cdc42. The functional consequences of loss of caveolar proteins on the CLIC/GEEC pathway included inhibition of polarized cell migration and increased endocytosis in tissue explants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Chaudhary
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Queensland, Australia
| | - Guillermo A. Gomez
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark T. Howes
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Queensland, Australia
| | - Harriet P. Lo
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kerrie-Ann McMahon
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Queensland, Australia
| | - James A. Rae
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicole L. Schieber
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michelle M. Hill
- The University of Queensland, Diamantina Institute, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- The University of New South Wales, Centre for Vascular Research and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alpha S. Yap
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert G. Parton
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
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148
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Marastoni S, Andreuzzi E, Paulitti A, Colladel R, Pellicani R, Todaro F, Schiavinato A, Bonaldo P, Colombatti A, Mongiat M. EMILIN2 down-modulates the Wnt signalling pathway and suppresses breast cancer cell growth and migration. J Pathol 2014; 232:391-404. [PMID: 24374807 DOI: 10.1002/path.4316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
EMILIN2 is an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein that exerts contradictory effects within the tumour microenvironment: it induces apoptosis in a number of tumour cells, but it also enhances tumour neo-angiogenesis. In this study, we describe a new mechanism by which EMILIN2 attenuates tumour cell viability. Based on sequence homology with the cysteine-rich domain (CRD) of the Frizzled receptors, we hypothesized that EMILIN2 could affect Wnt signalling activation and demonstrate direct interaction with the Wnt1 ligand. This physical binding leads to decreased LRP6 phosphorylation and to the down-modulation of β-catenin, TAZ and their target genes. As a consequence, EMILIN2 negatively affects the viability, migration and tumourigenic potential of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells in a number of two- and three-dimensional in vitro assays. EMILIN2 does not modulate Wnt signalling downstream of the Wnt-Frizzled interaction, since it does not affect the activation of the pathway following treatment with the GSK3 inhibitors LiCl and CHIR99021. The interaction with Wnt1 and the subsequent biological effects require the presence of the EMI domain, as there is no effect with a deletion mutant lacking this domain. Moreover, in vivo experiments show that the ectopic expression of EMILIN2, as well as treatment with the recombinant protein, significantly reduce tumour growth and dissemination of cancer cells in nude mice. Accordingly, the tumour samples are characterized by a significant down-regulation of the Wnt signalling pathway. Altogether, these findings provide further evidence of the complex regulations governed by EMILIN2 in the tumour microenvironment, and they identify a key extracellular regulator of the Wnt signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Marastoni
- Department of Translational Research, Experimental Oncology Division 2, CRO, Aviano, Italy
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149
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Chaterji S, Kim P, Choe SH, Tsui JH, Lam CH, Ho DS, Baker AB, Kim DH. Synergistic effects of matrix nanotopography and stiffness on vascular smooth muscle cell function. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:2115-26. [PMID: 24694244 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) retain the ability to undergo modulation in their phenotypic continuum, ranging from a mature contractile state to a proliferative, secretory state. vSMC differentiation is modulated by a complex array of microenvironmental cues, which include the biochemical milieu of the cells and the architecture and stiffness of the extracellular matrix. In this study, we demonstrate that by using UV-assisted capillary force lithography (CFL) to engineer a polyurethane substratum of defined nanotopography and stiffness, we can facilitate the differentiation of cultured vSMCs, reduce their inflammatory signature, and potentially promote the optimal functioning of the vSMC contractile and cytoskeletal machinery. Specifically, we found that the combination of medial tissue-like stiffness (11 MPa) and anisotropic nanotopography (ridge width_groove width_ridge height of 800_800_600 nm) resulted in significant upregulation of calponin, desmin, and smoothelin, in addition to the downregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, tissue factor, interleukin-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Further, our results allude to the mechanistic role of the RhoA/ROCK pathway and caveolin-1 in altered cellular mechanotransduction pathways via differential matrix nanotopography and stiffness. Notably, the nanopatterning of the stiffer substrata (1.1 GPa) resulted in the significant upregulation of RhoA, ROCK1, and ROCK2. This indicates that nanopatterning an 800_800_600 nm pattern on a stiff substratum may trigger the mechanical plasticity of vSMCs resulting in a hypercontractile vSMC phenotype, as observed in diabetes or hypertension. Given that matrix stiffness is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and that CFL can create different matrix nanotopographic patterns with high pattern fidelity, we are poised to create a combinatorial library of arterial test beds, whether they are healthy, diseased, injured, or aged. Such high-throughput testing environments will pave the way for the evolution of the next generation of vascular scaffolds that can effectively crosstalk with the scaffold microenvironment and result in improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somali Chaterji
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas
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150
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Xia M, Zhu Y. Fibronectin enhances spinal cord astrocyte proliferation by elevating P2Y1 receptor expression. J Neurosci Res 2014; 92:1078-90. [PMID: 24687862 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maosheng Xia
- Department of Orthopaedics; The First Hospital of China Medical University; Shengyang People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics; The First Hospital of China Medical University; Shengyang People's Republic of China
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