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Brudner M, Karpel M, Lear C, Chen L, Yantosca LM, Scully C, Sarraju A, Sokolovska A, Zariffard MR, Eisen DP, Mungall BA, Kotton DN, Omari A, Huang IC, Farzan M, Takahashi K, Stuart L, Stahl GL, Ezekowitz AB, Spear GT, Olinger GG, Schmidt EV, Michelow IC. Lectin-dependent enhancement of Ebola virus infection via soluble and transmembrane C-type lectin receptors. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60838. [PMID: 23573288 PMCID: PMC3614905 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a key soluble effector of the innate immune system that recognizes pathogen-specific surface glycans. Surprisingly, low-producing MBL genetic variants that may predispose children and immunocompromised individuals to infectious diseases are more common than would be expected in human populations. Since certain immune defense molecules, such as immunoglobulins, can be exploited by invasive pathogens, we hypothesized that MBL might also enhance infections in some circumstances. Consequently, the low and intermediate MBL levels commonly found in human populations might be the result of balancing selection. Using model infection systems with pseudotyped and authentic glycosylated viruses, we demonstrated that MBL indeed enhances infection of Ebola, Hendra, Nipah and West Nile viruses in low complement conditions. Mechanistic studies with Ebola virus (EBOV) glycoprotein pseudotyped lentiviruses confirmed that MBL binds to N-linked glycan epitopes on viral surfaces in a specific manner via the MBL carbohydrate recognition domain, which is necessary for enhanced infection. MBL mediates lipid-raft-dependent macropinocytosis of EBOV via a pathway that appears to require less actin or early endosomal processing compared with the filovirus canonical endocytic pathway. Using a validated RNA interference screen, we identified C1QBP (gC1qR) as a candidate surface receptor that mediates MBL-dependent enhancement of EBOV infection. We also identified dectin-2 (CLEC6A) as a potentially novel candidate attachment factor for EBOV. Our findings support the concept of an innate immune haplotype that represents critical interactions between MBL and complement component C4 genes and that may modify susceptibility or resistance to certain glycosylated pathogens. Therefore, higher levels of native or exogenous MBL could be deleterious in the setting of relative hypocomplementemia which can occur genetically or because of immunodepletion during active infections. Our findings confirm our hypothesis that the pressure of infectious diseases may have contributed in part to evolutionary selection of MBL mutant haplotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Brudner
- Programs of Developmental Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Marshall Karpel
- Programs of Developmental Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Calli Lear
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Li Chen
- Programs of Developmental Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - L. Michael Yantosca
- Programs of Developmental Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Corinne Scully
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ashish Sarraju
- Programs of Developmental Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anna Sokolovska
- Programs of Developmental Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - M. Reza Zariffard
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Damon P. Eisen
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bruce A. Mungall
- Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Livestock Industries, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Darrell N. Kotton
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Amel Omari
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - I-Chueh Huang
- New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michael Farzan
- New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kazue Takahashi
- Programs of Developmental Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lynda Stuart
- Programs of Developmental Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gregory L. Stahl
- CETRI, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alan B. Ezekowitz
- Programs of Developmental Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gregory T. Spear
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Gene G. Olinger
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Emmett V. Schmidt
- Programs of Developmental Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (EVS); (ICM)
| | - Ian C. Michelow
- Programs of Developmental Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (EVS); (ICM)
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102
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Watthanasurorot A, Jiravanichpaisal P, Söderhäll K, Söderhäll I. A calreticulin/gC1qR complex prevents cells from dying: a conserved mechanism from arthropods to humans. J Mol Cell Biol 2013; 5:120-31. [PMID: 23378602 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjt005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The crossroad between cell death and proliferation is a general target for viral infections because viruses need to obstruct apoptosis to use cells for their own replication. Inducing immunogenic cell death in proliferating cells is also an important aim of anticancer chemotherapy. The C1q-binding proteins calreticulin (CRT) and gC1qR are highly conserved ubiquitous proteins, which are putative targets for viral manipulation and are associated with cancer. Here we show that these proteins form a complex in the cytoplasm as a response to viral infection resulting in apoptosis prevention. The formation of a cytosolic CRT/gC1qR complex prevents cell death by reducing gC1qR translocation into the mitochondria, and we provide evidence that this mechanism is conserved from arthropods to human cancer cells. Furthermore, we show that it is possible to prevent this complex from being formed in cancer cells. When the peptides of the complex proteins are overexpressed in these cells, the cells undergo apoptosis. This finding shows a causal link between virus and cancer and may be used to develop new tools in anticancer or antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apiruck Watthanasurorot
- Department of Comparative Physiology, Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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103
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Yang L, Liu X, Liu W, Li X, Qiu L, Huang J, Jiang S. Characterization of complement 1q binding protein of tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon, and its C1q binding activity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 34:82-90. [PMID: 23085472 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The receptor for the globular heads of C1q, C1qBP/gC1qR/p33, is a multicompartmental, multifunctional cellular protein with an important role in infection and in inflammation. In the present study, we identified and characterized the complement component 1q subcomponent binding protein (C1qBP) from the tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon (designated as PmC1qBP). The open reading frame of PmC1qBP encodes 262 amino acid residues with a conserved MAM33 domain, an arginine-glycine-aspartate cell adhesion motif, and a mitochondrial targeting sequence in the first 53 amino acids. PmC1qBP shares 32%-81% similarity with known C1qBPs and clusters with lobster gC1qR under phylogenetic analysis. The temporal PmC1qBP mRNA expression in the hepatopancreas was significantly enhanced at 9 h after Vibrio vulnificus challenge. The native PmC1qBP was expressed in the gills, hepatopancreas, ovaries, and intestines as a precursor (38 kDa) and the active peptide (35 kDa). The recombinant PmC1qBP protein was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21, and was purified using nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid agarose. A complement 1q binding assay indicated that the rC1qBP protein competitively binds to C1q in mouse serum. The data reveal that PmC1qBP is not only involved in shrimp immune responses to pathogenic infections, but also cross-binding to the mouse C1q.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishi Yang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, The South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
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104
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Ghebrehiwet B, Jesty J, Vinayagasundaram R, Vinayagasundaram U, Ji Y, Valentino A, Tumma N, Hosszu KH, Peerschke EIB. Targeting gC1qR Domains for Therapy Against Infection and Inflammation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 735:97-110. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-4118-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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105
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Liu C, Zhang A, Guo J, Yang J, Zhou H, Chen H, Jin M. Identification of human host proteins contributing to H5N1 influenza virus propagation by membrane proteomics. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:5396-405. [PMID: 22985253 DOI: 10.1021/pr3006342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus is a highly virulent pathogen that causes respiratory diseases and death in humans and other animal species worldwide. Because influenza is an enveloped virus, the entry, assembly, and budding of virus particles are essential steps in the viral life cycle, and the virus relies on the participation of host cellular membrane proteins for all of these steps. Thus, we took a comparative membrane proteomics approach by using 2-DE coupled with MALDI-TOF/TOF MS to profile membrane proteins involved in H5N1 virus infection at 6, 12, and 24 h. Forty-two different proteins were found to vary on A549 cells due to H5N1 virus infection. Of these proteins, 57% were membrane or membrane-associated proteins. To further characterize the roles of novel identified proteins in virus propagation, the siRNA technology were applied and complement component C1q binding protein, annexin 2, prohibitin, peroxiredoxin 1 and heat shock protein 90-beta were successfully demonstrated to be contributed to viral propagation. In conclusion, the present study provides important new insight into understanding the roles of host membrane proteins in viral infection progress, and this insight is of particular importance for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
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106
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Dembitzer FR, Kinoshita Y, Burstein D, Phelps RG, Beasley MB, Garcia R, Harpaz N, Jaffer S, Thung SN, Unger PD, Ghebrehiwet B, Peerschke EI. gC1qR expression in normal and pathologic human tissues: differential expression in tissues of epithelial and mesenchymal origin. J Histochem Cytochem 2012; 60:467-74. [PMID: 22638269 DOI: 10.1369/0022155412440882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The gC1qR (i.e., gC1q receptor, gC1q binding protein, p32, p33) is a multifunctional cellular protein that interacts with components of the complement, kinin, and coagulation cascades and select microbial pathogens. Enhanced gC1qR expression has been reported in adenocarcinomas arising in a variety of organs. The present study compared gC1qR expression in normal, inflammatory, dysplastic, and malignant tissue of epithelial and mesenchymal origin. gC1qR expression was visualized in tissue sections by immunohistochemistry using the 60.11 monoclonal antibody (i.e., IgG(1) mouse monoclonal antibody directed against gC1qR) and the UltraVision LP Detection System. Sections were counterstained with hematoxylin and examined by light microscopy. Strongest gC1qR expression was noted in epithelial tumors of breast, prostate, liver, lung, and colon, as well as in squamous and basal cell carcinoma of the skin. However, increased gC1qR staining was appreciated also in inflammatory and proliferative lesions of the same cell types, as well as in normal continuously dividing cells. In contrast, tumors of mesenchymal origin generally stained weakly, with the exception of osteoblasts, which stained in both benign and malignant tissues. The data suggest that increased gC1qR expression may be a marker of benign and pathologic cell proliferation, particularly in cells of epithelial origin, with potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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107
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Yu G, Wang J. Significance of hyaluronan binding protein (HABP1/P32/gC1qR) expression in advanced serous ovarian cancer patients. Exp Mol Pathol 2012; 94:210-5. [PMID: 22771308 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2012.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate various risk factors related to the overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) in 131 patients with stage III-IV ovarian serous carcinoma. METHODS All patients underwent primary debulking surgery followed by a standard chemotherapeutic treatment regimen. Hyaluronan binding protein (HABP1) expression was evaluated using immunohistochemical-staining and assessed using western-immunoblotting analyses. A log-rank test was used to compare OS and PFS between cisplatin sensitive versus resistant patients. Multivariate analyses were used to identify risk factors associated with OS and PFS. RESULTS HABP1 over-expression was correlated to histological-differentiation, residual-tumor-size, serum CA-125 levels and International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that increased expression of HABP1 was associated with cisplatin resistance. HABP1 low-expression resulted in an increased five-year OS and PFS. Cox proportional hazards test identified that high expression of HABP1 led to increased risk for stage III/IV serous ovarian cancer via poor OS and PFS. This was similar for cisplatin resistant patients. Thus, increased HABP1 immunoreactivity in ovarian cancer may lead to a shortening in disease-free intervals of patients. CONCLUSION HAPBP1 over-expression in primary ovarian carcinomas is related to a decrease in OS and PFS and may be utilized as a prognostic marker for stage III/IV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Yu
- Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150040, China
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108
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Kaul R, Saha P, Saradhi M, Prasad RLA, Chatterjee S, Ghosh I, Tyagi RK, Datta K. Overexpression of hyaluronan-binding protein 1 (HABP1/p32/gC1qR) in HepG2 cells leads to increased hyaluronan synthesis and cell proliferation by up-regulation of cyclin D1 in AKT-dependent pathway. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:19750-64. [PMID: 22451658 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.266270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the mature form of hyaluronan-binding protein 1 (HABP1/gC1qR/p32), a ubiquitous multifunctional protein involved in cellular signaling, in normal murine fibroblast cells leads to enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial dysfunction, and ultimately apoptosis with the release of cytochrome c. In the present study, human liver cancer cell line HepG2, having high intracellular antioxidant levels was chosen for stable overexpression of HABP1. The stable transformant of HepG2, overexpressing HABP1 does not lead to ROS generation, cellular stress, and apoptosis, rather it induced enhanced cell growth and proliferation over longer periods. Phenotypic changes in the stable transformant were associated with the increased "HA pool," formation of the "HA cable" structure, up-regulation of HA synthase-2, and CD44, a receptor for HA. Enhanced cell survival was further supported by activation of MAP kinase and AKT-mediated cell survival pathways, which leads to an increase in CYCLIN D1 promoter activity. Compared with its parent counterpart HepG2, the stable transformant showed enhanced tumorigenicity as evident by its sustained growth in low serum conditions, formation of the HA cable structure, increased anchorage-independent growth, and cell-cell adhesion. This study suggests that overexpression of HABP1 in HepG2 cells leads to enhanced cell survival and tumorigenicity by activating HA-mediated cell survival pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachna Kaul
- Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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109
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Hosszu KK, Valentino A, Ji Y, Matkovic M, Pednekar L, Rehage N, Tumma N, Peerschke EIB, Ghebrehiwet B. Cell surface expression and function of the macromolecular c1 complex on the surface of human monocytes. Front Immunol 2012; 3:38. [PMID: 22566921 PMCID: PMC3342062 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of the subunits of the C1 complex (C1q, C1s, C1r), and its regulator C1 inhibitor (C1-Inh) by human monocytes has been previously established. However, surface expression of these molecules by monocytes has not been shown. Using flow cytometry and antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we show here for the first time that, in addition to C1q, peripheral blood monocytes, and the monocyte-derived U937 cells express C1s and C1r, as well as Factor B and C1-Inh on their surface. C1s and C1r immunoprecipitated with C1q, suggesting that at least some of the C1q on these cells is part of the C1 complex. Furthermore, the C1 complex on U937 cells was able to trigger complement activation via the classical pathway. The presence of C1-Inh may ensure that an unwarranted autoactivation of the C1 complex does not take place. Since C1-Inh closely monitors the activation of the C1 complex in a sterile or infectious inflammatory environment, further elucidation of the role of C1 complex is crucial to dissect its function in monocyte, dendritic cell, and T cell activities, and its implications in host defense and tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga K Hosszu
- The Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University Stony Brook, NY, USA
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110
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Tahtouh M, Garçon-Bocquet A, Croq F, Vizioli J, Sautière PE, Van Camp C, Salzet M, Nagnan-le Meillour P, Pestel J, Lefebvre C. Interaction of HmC1q with leech microglial cells: involvement of C1qBP-related molecule in the induction of cell chemotaxis. J Neuroinflammation 2012; 9:37. [PMID: 22356764 PMCID: PMC3298539 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-9-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In invertebrates, the medicinal leech is considered to be an interesting and appropriate model to study neuroimmune mechanisms. Indeed, this non-vertebrate animal can restore normal function of its central nervous system (CNS) after injury. Microglia accumulation at the damage site has been shown to be required for axon sprouting and for efficient regeneration. We characterized HmC1q as a novel chemotactic factor for leech microglial cell recruitment. In mammals, a C1q-binding protein (C1qBP alias gC1qR), which interacts with the globular head of C1q, has been reported to participate in C1q-mediated chemotaxis of blood immune cells. In this study, we evaluated the chemotactic activities of a recombinant form of HmC1q and its interaction with a newly characterized leech C1qBP that acts as its potential ligand. Methods Recombinant HmC1q (rHmC1q) was produced in the yeast Pichia pastoris. Chemotaxis assays were performed to investigate rHmC1q-dependent microglia migration. The involvement of a C1qBP-related molecule in this chemotaxis mechanism was assessed by flow cytometry and with affinity purification experiments. The cellular localization of C1qBP mRNA and protein in leech was investigated using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization techniques. Results rHmC1q-stimulated microglia migrate in a dose-dependent manner. This rHmC1q-induced chemotaxis was reduced when cells were preincubated with either anti-HmC1q or anti-human C1qBP antibodies. A C1qBP-related molecule was characterized in leech microglia. Conclusions A previous study showed that recruitment of microglia is observed after HmC1q release at the cut end of axons. Here, we demonstrate that rHmC1q-dependent chemotaxis might be driven via a HmC1q-binding protein located on the microglial cell surface. Taken together, these results highlight the importance of the interaction between C1q and C1qBP in microglial activation leading to nerve repair in the medicinal leech.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Tahtouh
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Biologique Fondamentale et Appliquée - EA4550, Microglial activation group, Université Lille Nord de France, Université Lille 1, IFR 147, bâtiment SN3, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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111
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Li XC, Du ZQ, Lan JF, Zhang XW, Mu Y, Zhao XF, Wang JX. A novel pathogen-binding gC1qR homolog, FcgC1qR, in the Chinese white shrimp, Fenneropenaeus chinensis. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 36:400-407. [PMID: 21893092 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 08/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In vertebrates, the globular "head" of complement component C1q receptor (gC1qR) is a versatile, multiligand binding protein. However, research on its function in invertebrates is limited. In the present study, a full-length cDNA sequence of a novel gC1qR homolog, FcgC1qR, from the Chinese white shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis was cloned. Semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detected FcgC1qR in all examined tissues, with the highest level detected in the intestine. Western blot assay further revealed that the FcgC1qR protein was distributed in all tested tissues except the cell-free hemolymph of normal Chinese white shrimp. In the expression pattern study, quantitative real-time PCR demonstrated that the transcripts of FcgC1qR were up-regulated when challenged with bacteria (Vibrio anguillarum or Staphylococcus aureus) and white spot syndrome virus. Subsequently, FcgC1qR was over-expressed in Escherichia coli, and the polyclonal antibody was prepared with the purified recombinant protein. Microorganism binding was examined using Western blot assay, and revealed that FcgC1qR could bind to Bacillus cereus, Bacillus thuringiensis, S. aureus, V. anguillarum, Vibrioharveyi, and Candida albicans. FcgC1qR was also proven able to bind to S. aureus in a concentration-dependent manner, and this binding activity was partly inhibited by the polyclonal antibody. These results suggest that FcgC1qR may be involved in defending against bacterial infections in the Chinese white shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Cang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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112
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Suppiah S, Mousa HA, Tzeng WP, Matthews JD, Frey TK. Binding of cellular p32 protein to the rubella virus P150 replicase protein via PxxPxR motifs. J Gen Virol 2012; 93:807-816. [PMID: 22238231 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.038901-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A proline-rich region (PRR) within the rubella virus (RUBV) P150 replicase protein that contains three SH3 domain-binding motifs (PxxPxR) was investigated for its ability to bind cell proteins. Pull-down experiments using a glutathione S-transferase-PRR fusion revealed PxxPxR motif-specific binding with human p32 protein (gC1qR), which could be mediated by either of the first two motifs. This finding was of interest because p32 protein also binds to the RUBV capsid protein. Binding of p32 to P150 was confirmed and was abolished by mutation of the first two motifs. When mutations in the first two motifs were introduced into a RUBV cDNA infectious clone, virus replication was significantly impaired. However, virus RNA synthesis was found to be unaffected, and subsequent immunofluorescence analysis of RUBV-infected cells revealed co-localization of p32 and P150 but little overlap of p32 with RNA replication complexes, indicating that p32 does not participate directly in virus RNA synthesis. Thus, the role of p32 in RUBV replication remains unresolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suganthi Suppiah
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Heather A Mousa
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Wen-Pin Tzeng
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Jason D Matthews
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Teryl K Frey
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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113
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Tarr AW, Urbanowicz RA, Ball JK. The role of humoral innate immunity in hepatitis C virus infection. Viruses 2012; 4:1-27. [PMID: 22355450 PMCID: PMC3280516 DOI: 10.3390/v4010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) causes chronic disease in approximately 80% of cases, resulting in chronic inflammation and cirrhosis. Current treatments are not completely effective, and a vaccine has yet to be developed. Spontaneous resolution of infection is associated with effective host adaptive immunity to HCV, including production of both HCV-specific T cells and neutralizing antibodies. However, the supporting role of soluble innate factors in protection against HCV is less well understood. The innate immune system provides an immediate line of defense against infections, triggering inflammation and playing a critical role in activating adaptive immunity. Innate immunity comprises both cellular and humoral components, the humoral arm consisting of pattern recognition molecules such as complement C1q, collectins and ficolins. These molecules activate the complement cascade, neutralize pathogens, and recruit antigen presenting cells. Here we review the current understanding of anti-viral components of the humoral innate immune system that play a similar role to antibodies, describing their role in immunity to HCV and their potential contribution to HCV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W. Tarr
- Biomedical Research Unit in Gastroenterology, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK; (R.A.U.); (J.K.B.)
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114
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Genetic analysis in Drosophila reveals a role for the mitochondrial protein p32 in synaptic transmission. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2012; 2:59-69. [PMID: 22384382 PMCID: PMC3276185 DOI: 10.1534/g3.111.001586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria located within neuronal presynaptic terminals have been shown to play important roles in the release of chemical neurotransmitters. In the present study, a genetic screen for synaptic transmission mutants of Drosophila has identified the first mutation in a Drosophila homolog of the mitochondrial protein P32. Although P32 is highly conserved and has been studied extensively, its physiological role in mitochondria remains unknown and it has not previously been implicated in neural function. The Drosophila P32 mutant, referred to as dp32EC1, exhibited a temperature-sensitive (TS) paralytic behavioral phenotype. Moreover, electrophysiological analysis at adult neuromuscular synapses revealed a TS reduction in the amplitude of excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSC) and indicated that dP32 functions in neurotransmitter release. These studies are the first to address P32 function in Drosophila and expand our knowledge of mitochondrial proteins contributing to synaptic transmission.
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Prakash M, Kale S, Ghosh I, Kundu GC, Datta K. Hyaluronan-binding protein 1 (HABP1/p32/gC1qR) induces melanoma cell migration and tumor growth by NF-kappa B dependent MMP-2 activation through integrin αvβ3 interaction. Cell Signal 2011; 23:1563-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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The role of TFAM-associated proteins in mitochondrial RNA metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2011; 1820:565-70. [PMID: 21920408 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammalian mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) takes on a higher structure called the nucleoid or mitochromosome, which corresponds to that of nuclear DNA. Mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), which was cloned as a transcription factor for mitochondrial DNA, is critical for forming this higher structure and for maintenance of mtDNA. SCOPE OF REVIEW To investigate the functional aspects of the nucleoid, we have identified many RNA-binding proteins to be candidate TFAM interactors, including ERAL1 and p32. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS In this review, we would like to describe that ERAL1 binds to the mitochondrial rRNA component of the ribosomal small subunit and is an important constituent of this subunit. p32, which is involved in mitochondrial translation, may be a novel marker of clinical progression in prostate cancer. Here we describe these proteins, all of which are involved in translation within the mitochondrial matrix. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This review highlights the results from the mitochondrial nucleoid research in organic biochemistry. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Biochemistry of Mitochondria.
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Krust B, El Khoury D, Nondier I, Soundaramourty C, Hovanessian AG. Targeting surface nucleolin with multivalent HB-19 and related Nucant pseudopeptides results in distinct inhibitory mechanisms depending on the malignant tumor cell type. BMC Cancer 2011; 11:333. [PMID: 21812966 PMCID: PMC3199867 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nucleolin expressed at the cell surface is a binding protein for a variety of ligands implicated in tumorigenesis and angiogenesis. By using a specific antagonist that binds the C-terminal RGG domain of nucleolin, the HB-19 pseudopeptide, we recently reported that targeting surface nucleolin with HB-19 suppresses progression of established human breast tumor cells in the athymic nude mice, and delays development of spontaneous melanoma in the RET transgenic mice. METHODS By the capacity of HB-19 to bind stably surface nucleolin, we purified and identified nucleolin partners at the cell surface. HB-19 and related multivalent Nucant pseudopeptides, that present pentavalently or hexavalently the tripeptide Lysψ(CH2N)-Pro-Arg, were then used to show that targeting surface nucleolin results in distinct inhibitory mechanisms on breast, prostate, colon carcinoma and leukemia cells. RESULTS Surface nucleolin exists in a 500-kDa protein complex including several other proteins, which we identified by microsequencing as two Wnt related proteins, Ku86 autoantigen, signal recognition particle subunits SRP68/72, the receptor for complement component gC1q-R, and ribosomal proteins S4/S6. Interestingly, some of the surface-nucleolin associated proteins are implicated in cell signaling, tumor cell adhesion, migration, invasion, cell death, autoimmunity, and bacterial infections. Surface nucleolin in the 500-kDa complex is highly stable. Surface nucleolin antagonists, HB-19 and related multivalent Nucant pseudopeptides, exert distinct inhibitory mechanisms depending on the malignant tumor cell type. For example, in epithelial tumor cells they inhibit cell adhesion or spreading and induce reversion of the malignant phenotype (BMC cancer 2010, 10:325) while in leukemia cells they trigger a rapid cell death associated with DNA fragmentation. The fact that these pseudopeptides do not cause cell death in epithelial tumor cells indicates that cell death in leukemia cells is triggered by a specific signaling mechanism, rather than nonspecific cellular injury. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that targeting surface nucleolin could change the organization of the 500-kDa complex to interfere with the proper functioning of surface nucleolin and the associated proteins, and thus lead to distinct inhibitory mechanisms. Consequently, HB-19 and related Nucant pseudopeptides provide novel therapeutic opportunities in treatment of a wide variety of cancers and related malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Krust
- CNRS-Université Paris Descartes, Unité Régulation de la Transcription de Maladies Génétique, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Diala El Khoury
- CNRS-Université Paris Descartes, Unité Régulation de la Transcription de Maladies Génétique, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Isabelle Nondier
- CNRS-Université Paris Descartes, Unité Régulation de la Transcription de Maladies Génétique, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Calaiselvy Soundaramourty
- CNRS-Université Paris Descartes, Unité Régulation de la Transcription de Maladies Génétique, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Ara G Hovanessian
- CNRS-Université Paris Descartes, Unité Régulation de la Transcription de Maladies Génétique, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
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Zúñiga J, Buendía-Roldán I, Zhao Y, Jiménez L, Torres D, Romo J, Ramírez G, Cruz A, Vargas-Alarcon G, Sheu CC, Chen F, Su L, Tager AM, Pardo A, Selman M, Christiani DC. Genetic variants associated with severe pneumonia in A/H1N1 influenza infection. Eur Respir J 2011; 39:604-10. [PMID: 21737555 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00020611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The A/H1N1 influenza strain isolated in Mexico in 2009 caused severe pulmonary illness in a small number of exposed individuals. Our objective was to determine the influence of genetic factors on their susceptibility. We carried out a case-control association study genotyping 91 patients with confirmed severe pneumonia from A/H1N1 infection and 98 exposed but asymptomatic household contacts, using the HumanCVD BeadChip (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA). Four risk single-nucleotide polymorphisms were significantly (p<0.0001) associated with severe pneumonia: rs1801274 (Fc fragment of immunoglobulin G, low-affinity IIA, receptor (FCGR2A) gene, chromosome 1; OR 2.68, 95% CI 1.69-4.25); rs9856661 (gene unknown, chromosome 3; OR 2.62, 95% CI 1.64-4.18); rs8070740 (RPA interacting protein (RPAIN) gene, chromosome 17; OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.63-4.39); and rs3786054 (complement component 1, q subcomponent binding protein (C1QBP) gene, chromosome 17; OR 3.13, 95% CI 1.89-5.17). All SNP associations remained significant after adjustment for sex and comorbidities. The SNPs on chromosome 17 were in linkage disequilibrium. These findings revealed that gene polymorphisms located in chromosomes 1 and 17 might influence susceptibility to development of severe pneumonia in A/H1N1 infection. Two of these SNPs are mapped within genes (FCGR2A, C1QBP) involved in the handling of immune complexes and complement activation, respectively, suggesting that these genes may confer risk due to increased activation of host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zúñiga
- Instituto Nacional deEnfermedades Respiratorias IsmaelCosio Villegas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
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Cross-talk between the complement and the kinin system in vascular permeability. Immunol Lett 2011; 140:7-13. [PMID: 21762728 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The endothelium is a continuous physical barrier that regulates coagulation and selective passage of soluble molecules and circulating cells through the vessel wall into the tissue. Due to its anatomic localization, the endothelium may establish contact with components of the complement, the kinin and the coagulation systems which are the main, though not exclusive, inducers of vascular leakage. Although the complement and the kinin systems may act independently, increasing evidence suggest that there is a crosstalk that involve different components of both systems. Activation is required for the function of the two systems which are involved in pathological conditions such as hereditary and acquired angioedema (AE) and vasculitidis. The aim of this review is to discuss the contribution of complement and kinin systems to vascular leakage and the cross-talk between the two systems in the development of AE. This clinical condition is characterized by episodic and recurrent local edema of subcutaneous and submucosal tissues and is due to inherited or acquired C1-INH deficiency. Although the pathogenesis of the swelling in patients with AE was originally thought to be mediated by C2, ample evidence indicate bradykinin (BK) as the most effective mediator even though the possibility that both the complement and the kinin-forming systems may contribute to the edema has not been completely excluded. BK induces endothelial leakage interacting with B2 receptors but other molecules may be involved in the onset and maintenance of AE. In this review we shall discuss the role of B1 receptors and gC1qR/p33 in addition to that of B2 receptors in the onset of AE attacks and the importance of these receptors as new possible molecular targets for therapy.
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Kim KB, Yi JS, Nguyen N, Lee JH, Kwon YC, Ahn BY, Cho H, Kim YK, Yoo HJ, Lee JS, Ko YG. Cell-surface receptor for complement component C1q (gC1qR) is a key regulator for lamellipodia formation and cancer metastasis. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:23093-101. [PMID: 21536672 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.233304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that the receptor for the complement component C1q (gC1qR) is a lipid raft protein that is indispensable for adipogenesis and insulin signaling. Here, we provide the first report that gC1qR is an essential component of lamellipodia in human lung carcinoma A549 cells. Cell-surface gC1qR was concentrated in the lamellipodia along with CD44, monosialoganglioside, actin, and phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase in cells stimulated with insulin, IGF-1, EGF, or serum. The growth factor-induced lamellipodia formation and cell migration were significantly decreased in gC1qR-depleted cells, with a concomitant blunt activation of the focal adhesion kinase and the respective receptor tyrosine kinases. Moreover, the gC1qR-depleted cells exhibited a reduced proliferation rate in culture as well as diminished tumorigenic and metastatic activities in grafted mice. We therefore conclude that cell-surface gC1qR regulates lamellipodia formation and metastasis via receptor tyrosine kinase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Bum Kim
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
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121
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Yoshikawa H, Komatsu W, Hayano T, Miura Y, Homma K, Izumikawa K, Ishikawa H, Miyazawa N, Tachikawa H, Yamauchi Y, Isobe T, Takahashi N. Splicing factor 2-associated protein p32 participates in ribosome biogenesis by regulating the binding of Nop52 and fibrillarin to preribosome particles. Mol Cell Proteomics 2011; 10:M110.006148. [PMID: 21536856 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m110.006148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosome biogenesis starts with transcription of the large ribosomal RNA precursor (47S pre-rRNA), which soon combines with numerous factors to form the 90S pre-ribosome in the nucleolus. Although the subsequent separation of the pre-90S particle into pre-40S and pre-60S particles is critical for the production process of mature small and large ribosomal subunits, its molecular mechanisms remain undetermined. Here, we present evidence that p32, fibrillarin (FBL), and Nop52 play key roles in this separation step. Mass-based analyses combined with immunoblotting showed that p32 associated with 155 proteins including 31 rRNA-processing factors (of which nine were components of small subunit processome, and six were those of RIX1 complex), 13 chromatin remodeling components, and six general transcription factors required for RNA polymerase III-mediated transcription. Of these, a late rRNA-processing factor Nop52 interacted directly with p32. Immunocytochemical analyses demonstrated that p32 colocalized with an early rRNA-processing factor FBL or Nop52 in the nucleolus and Cajal bodies, but was excluded from the nucleolus after actinomycin D treatment. p32 was present in the pre-ribosomal fractions prepared by cell fractionation or separated by ultracentrifugation of the nuclear extract. p32 also associated with pre-rRNAs including 47S/45S and 32S pre-rRNAs. Furthermore, knockdown of p32 with a small interfering RNA slowed the early processing from 47S/45S pre-rRNAs to 18S rRNA and 32S pre-rRNA. Finally, Nop52 was found to compete with FBL for binding to p32 probably in the nucleolus. Given the fact that FBL and Nop52 are associated with pre-ribosome particles distinctly different from each other, we suggest that p32 is a new rRNA maturation factor involved in the remodeling from pre-90S particles to pre-40S and pre-60S particles that requires the exchange of FBL for Nop52.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harunori Yoshikawa
- Department of Applied Life Science, United Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Association of severe malaria outcomes with platelet-mediated clumping and adhesion to a novel host receptor. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19422. [PMID: 21559373 PMCID: PMC3084855 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 04/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Severe malaria has been attributed partly to the sequestration of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes (IEs) in the microvasculature of vital host organs. Identification of P. falciparum cytoadherence phenotypes that are associated with severe malaria may lead to the development of novel strategies against life-threatening malaria. Methods and Findings Forty-six P. falciparum isolates from Mozambican children under 5 years of age with severe malaria (cases) were examined and compared to 46 isolates from sex and age matched Mozambican children with uncomplicated malaria (controls). Cytoadherence properties such as platelet-mediated clumping, rosetting and adhesion to purified receptors (CD36, ICAM1 and gC1qR), were compared between these matched pairs by non-parametric tests. The most common clinical presentation associated with severe malaria was prostration. Compared to matched controls, prevalence of platelet-mediated clumping was higher in cases (P = .019), in children presenting with prostration (P = .049) and in children with severe anaemia (P = .025). Prevalence of rosetting and gC1qR adhesion were also higher in isolates from cases with severe anemia and multiple seizures, respectively (P = .045 in both cases), than in controls. Conclusions These data indicate a role for platelet-mediated clumping, rosetting and adhesion to gC1qR in the pathogenesis of severe malaria. Inhibition of these cytoadherence phenotypes may reduce the occurrence or improve the prognosis of severe malaria outcomes.
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Yeoh LC, Dharmaraj S, Gooi BH, Singh M, Gam LH. Chemometrics of differentially expressed proteins from colorectal cancer patients. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:2096-103. [PMID: 21547128 PMCID: PMC3084394 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i16.2096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Revised: 09/18/2010] [Accepted: 09/25/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the usefulness of differentially expressed proteins from colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues for differentiating cancer and normal tissues.
METHODS: A Proteomic approach was used to identify the differentially expressed proteins between CRC and normal tissues. The proteins were extracted using Tris buffer and thiourea lysis buffer (TLB) for extraction of aqueous soluble and membrane-associated proteins, respectively. Chemometrics, namely principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA), were used to assess the usefulness of these proteins for identifying the cancerous state of tissues.
RESULTS: Differentially expressed proteins identified were 37 aqueous soluble proteins in Tris extracts and 24 membrane-associated proteins in TLB extracts. Based on the protein spots intensity on 2D-gel images, PCA by applying an eigenvalue > 1 was successfully used to reduce the number of principal components (PCs) into 12 and seven PCs for Tris and TLB extracts, respectively, and subsequently six PCs, respectively from both the extracts were used for LDA. The LDA classification for Tris extract showed 82.7% of original samples were correctly classified, whereas 82.7% were correctly classified for the cross-validated samples. The LDA for TLB extract showed that 78.8% of original samples and 71.2% of the cross-validated samples were correctly classified.
CONCLUSION: The classification of CRC tissues by PCA and LDA provided a promising distinction between normal and cancer types. These methods can possibly be used for identification of potential biomarkers among the differentially expressed proteins identified.
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Complement and non-complement activating functions of C1q: A prototypical innate immune molecule. Innate Immun 2011; 18:350-63. [DOI: 10.1177/1753425910396252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
C1q is a versatile innate immune molecule that serves as the initiation subcomponent of the classical complement pathway. In addition, it is also a potent pattern recognition molecule, the versatility of which has fuelled its functional flexibility. C1q recognises an array of self, non-self and altered-self ligands. The broad-spectrum ligand-binding potential of C1q is facilitated by the modular organisation of the heterotrimeric globular head region, its ability to change its conformation in a very subtle way, and the manner in which this ancient molecule appears to have evolved to deal with the different types of ligands. Over recent years, molecules that resemble C1q have been put together to form the C1q family. In this review, we briefly summarise complement-dependent and complement-independent functions of C1q, its cognate receptors and key members of the rapidly growing C1q family.
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease and the complement system plays a central role in innate immunity. Increasing evidence exists that the complement system is activated within atherosclerotic plaques. However, the role of complement in atherogenesis is not fully understood. Whereas complement activation by the classic and lectin pathway may be protective by removing apoptotic cells and cell debris from atherosclerotic plaques, activation of the complement cascade by the alternative pathway and beyond the C3 convertase with formation of anaphylatoxins and the terminal complement complex may be proatherogenic and may play a role in plaque destabilization leading to its rupture and the onset of acute cardiovascular events. In this review article we present evidence for complement activation within atherosclerotic plaques and we discuss recent data derived from experimental animal models that suggest a dual role of complement in the development of the disease. In addition, we summarize the role of complement components as biomarkers for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Speidl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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126
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Jiang D, Liang J, Noble PW. Hyaluronan as an immune regulator in human diseases. Physiol Rev 2011; 91:221-64. [PMID: 21248167 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00052.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 740] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation and turnover of extracellular matrix components are the hallmarks of tissue injury. Fragmented hyaluronan stimulates the expression of inflammatory genes by a variety of immune cells at the injury site. Hyaluronan binds to a number of cell surface proteins on various cell types. Hyaluronan fragments signal through both Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and TLR2 as well as CD44 to stimulate inflammatory genes in inflammatory cells. Hyaluronan is also present on the cell surface of epithelial cells and provides protection against tissue damage from the environment by interacting with TLR2 and TLR4. Hyaluronan and hyaluronan-binding proteins regulate inflammation, tissue injury, and repair through regulating inflammatory cell recruitment, release of inflammatory cytokines, and cell migration. This review focuses on the role of hyaluronan as an immune regulator in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianhua Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
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Amamoto R, Yagi M, Song Y, Oda Y, Tsuneyoshi M, Naito S, Yokomizo A, Kuroiwa K, Tokunaga S, Kato S, Hiura H, Samori T, Kang D, Uchiumi T. Mitochondrial p32/C1QBP is highly expressed in prostate cancer and is associated with shorter prostate-specific antigen relapse time after radical prostatectomy. Cancer Sci 2011; 102:639-47. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2010.01828.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Ghebrehiwet B, Jesty J, Xu S, Vinayagasundaram R, Vinayagasundaram U, Ji Y, Valentino A, Hosszu KK, Mathew S, Joseph K, Kaplan AP, Peerschke EIB. Structure-function studies using deletion mutants identify domains of gC1qR/p33 as potential therapeutic targets for vascular permeability and inflammation. Front Immunol 2011; 2. [PMID: 22282702 PMCID: PMC3265123 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2011.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelial cell receptor complex for kininogen (HK) comprises gC1qR, cytokeratin 1, and urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor and is essential for activation of the kinin system that leads to bradykinin (BK) generation. Of these, gC1qR/p33 constitutes a high affinity site for HK – the BK precursor – and is therefore critical for the assembly of the kinin-generating cascade. Previous studies have identified a putative HK site within the C-terminal domain (residues 204–218) of gC1qR recognized by mAb 74.5.2. In these studies, we used information from the crystal structure of gC1qR, to engineer several deletion (Δ) mutants and test their ability to bind and/or support BK generation. While deletion of residues 204–218 (gC1qRΔ204–218), showed significantly reduced binding to HK, BK generation was not affected when tested by a sensitive bradykinin immunoassay. In fact, all of the gC1qR deletion mutants supported BK generation with the exception of gC1qRΔ154–162 and a point mutation in which Trp 233 was substituted with Gly. Binding studies also identified the existence of two additional sites at residues 144–162 and 190–202. Moreover, binding of HK to a synthetic peptide 190–202 was inhibited by mAbs 48 and 83, but not by mAb 74.5.2. Since a single residue separates domains 190–202 and 204–218, they may be part of a highly stable HK binding pocket and therefore a potential target for drug design to prevent vascular permeability and inflammation.
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Sánchez-Martín D, Cuesta AM, Fogal V, Ruoslahti E, Alvarez-Vallina L. The multicompartmental p32/gClqR as a new target for antibody-based tumor targeting strategies. J Biol Chem 2010; 286:5197-203. [PMID: 21156793 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.161927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated cell surface antigens and tumor-associated vascular markers have been used as a target for cancer intervention strategies. However, both types of targets have limitations due to accessibility, low and/or heterogeneous expression, and presence of tumor-associated serum antigen. It has been previously reported that a mitochondrial/cell surface protein, p32/gC1qR, is the receptor for a tumor-homing peptide, LyP-1, which specifically recognizes an epitope in tumor cells, tumor lymphatics, and tumor-associated macrophages/myeloid cells. Using antibody phage technology, we have generated an anti-p32 human monoclonal antibody (2.15). The 2.15 antibody, expressed in single-chain fragment variable and in trimerbody format, was then characterized in vivo using mice grafted subcutaneously with MDA-MB-231 human breast cancers cells, revealing a highly selective tumor uptake. The intratumoral distribution of the antibody was consistent with the expression pattern of p32 in the surface of some clusters of cells. These results demonstrate the potential of p32 for antibody-based tumor targeting strategies and the utility of the 2.15 antibody as targeting moiety for the selective delivery of imaging and therapeutic agents to tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sánchez-Martín
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain
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Sprehe M, Fisk JC, McEvoy SM, Read LK, Schumacher MA. Structure of the Trypanosoma brucei p22 protein, a cytochrome oxidase subunit II-specific RNA-editing accessory factor. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:18899-908. [PMID: 20392699 PMCID: PMC2881812 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.066597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinetoplastid RNA (k-RNA) editing is a complex process in the mitochondria of kinetoplastid protozoa, including Trypanosoma brucei, that involves the guide RNA-directed insertion and deletion of uridines from precursor-mRNAs to produce mature, translatable mRNAs. k-RNA editing is performed by multiprotein complexes called editosomes. Additional non-editosome components termed k-RNA-editing accessory factors affect the extent of editing of specific RNAs or classes of RNAs. The T. brucei p22 protein was identified as one such accessory factor. Here we show that p22 contributes to cell growth in the procyclic form of T. brucei and functions as a cytochrome oxidase subunit II-specific k-RNA-editing accessory factor. To gain insight into its functions, we solved the crystal structure of the T. brucei p22 protein to 2.0-A resolution. The p22 structure consists of a six-stranded, antiparallel beta-sheet flanked by five alpha-helices. Three p22 subunits combine to form a tight trimer that is primarily stabilized by interactions between helical residues. One side of the trimer is strikingly acidic, while the opposite face is more neutral. Database searches show p22 is structurally similar to human p32, which has a number of functions, including regulation of RNA splicing. p32 interacts with a number of target proteins via its alpha1 N-terminal helix, which is among the most conserved regions between p22 and p32. Co-immunoprecipitation studies showed that p22 interacts with the editosome and the k-RNA accessory protein, TbRGG2, and alpha1 of p22 was shown to be important for the p22-TbRGG2 interaction. Thus, these combined studies suggest that p22 mediates its role in k-RNA editing by acting as an adaptor protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareen Sprehe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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131
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Mitochondrial p32 protein is a critical regulator of tumor metabolism via maintenance of oxidative phosphorylation. Mol Cell Biol 2010; 30:1303-18. [PMID: 20100866 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01101-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
p32/gC1qR/C1QBP/HABP1 is a mitochondrial/cell surface protein overexpressed in certain cancer cells. Here we show that knocking down p32 expression in human cancer cells strongly shifts their metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to glycolysis. The p32 knockdown cells exhibited reduced synthesis of the mitochondrial-DNA-encoded OXPHOS polypeptides and were less tumorigenic in vivo. Expression of exogenous p32 in the knockdown cells restored the wild-type cellular phenotype and tumorigenicity. Increased glucose consumption and lactate production, known as the Warburg effect, are almost universal hallmarks of solid tumors and are thought to favor tumor growth. However, here we show that a protein regularly overexpressed in some cancers is capable of promoting OXPHOS. Our results indicate that high levels of glycolysis, in the absence of adequate OXPHOS, may not be as beneficial for tumor growth as generally thought and suggest that tumor cells use p32 to regulate the balance between OXPHOS and glycolysis.
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132
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Mehlhop E, Nelson S, Jost CA, Gorlatov S, Johnson S, Fremont DH, Diamond MS, Pierson TC. Complement protein C1q reduces the stoichiometric threshold for antibody-mediated neutralization of West Nile virus. Cell Host Microbe 2009; 6:381-91. [PMID: 19837377 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2009] [Revised: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Virus neutralization is governed by the number of antibodies that bind a virion during the cellular entry process. Cellular and serum factors that interact with antibodies have the potential to modulate neutralization potency. Although the addition of serum complement can increase the neutralizing activity of antiviral antibodies in vitro, the mechanism and significance of this augmented potency in vivo remain uncertain. Herein, we show that the complement component C1q increases the potency of antibodies against West Nile virus by modulating the stoichiometric requirements for neutralization. The addition of C1q does not result in virolysis but instead reduces the number of antibodies that must bind the virion to neutralize infectivity. For IgG subclasses that bind C1q avidly, this reduced stoichiometric threshold falls below the minimal number of antibodies required for antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection of cells expressing Fc-gamma receptors (CD32) and explains how C1q restricts the ADE of flavivirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Mehlhop
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
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133
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Sansonno D, Tucci FA, Ghebrehiwet B, Lauletta G, Peerschke EIB, Conteduca V, Russi S, Gatti P, Sansonno L, Dammacco F. Role of the receptor for the globular domain of C1q protein in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus-related cryoglobulin vascular damage. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:6013-20. [PMID: 19828637 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0902038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC) is a lymphoproliferative disorder observed in approximately 10 to 15% of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients. Circulating, nonenveloped HCV core protein, which has been detected in cryoprecipitable immune complexes, interacts with immunocytes through the receptor for the globular domain of C1q protein (gC1q-R). In this study, we have evaluated circulating gC1q-R levels in chronically HCV-infected patients, with and without MC. These levels were significantly higher in MC patients than in those without MC and in healthy controls and paralleled specific mRNA expression in PBL. Soluble gC1q-R circulates as a complexed form containing both C1q and HCV core proteins. Higher serum gC1q-R levels negatively correlated with circulating concentrations of the C4d fragment. The presence of sequestered C4d in the vascular bed of skin biopsies from MC patients was indicative of in situ complement activation. In vitro studies showed that release of soluble gC1q-R is regulated by HCV core-mediated inhibition of cell proliferation. Our results indicate that up-regulation of gC1q-R expression is a distinctive feature of MC, and that dysregulated shedding of C1q-R molecules contributes to vascular cryoglobulin-induced damage via the classic complement-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Sansonno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.
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134
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Chen YB, Jiang CT, Zhang GQ, Wang JS, Pang D. Increased expression of hyaluronic acid binding protein 1 is correlated with poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer. J Surg Oncol 2009; 100:382-6. [PMID: 19565630 DOI: 10.1002/jso.21329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Hyaluronic acid binding protein 1 (HABP1), a family of proteins interacting with hyaluronan (HA), had been associated with cell adhesion and tumor invasion. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between clinicopathologic factors and patient survival time with the expression of HABP1 in breast cancer patients. METHODS Expression of HABP1 mRNA and protein were detected with real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemical staining in 63 breast cancer and non-cancerous matched tissues. RESULTS The mRNA expression level of HABP1 was unrelated to the patient's age, tumor size, histological grade, TNM stage. However, it proved to be positively related to axillary nodes metastasis (P = 0.008). Furthermore, it was shown that the survival rate of patients with low HABP1 expression was significantly higher than that of patients with high HABP1 expression (P = 0.025). Multivariate analysis revealed that HABP1 mRNA expression level was a significant factor for predicting prognosis (P = 0.022). The immunohistochemistry results showed that the expression level of HABP1 in breast cancer cells was higher than that in normal breast cells. CONCLUSION HABP1 might be an independent predictive factor for breast cancer prognosis and up-regulation of HABP1 might play an important role in the metastasis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Bo Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
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135
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Herpes simplex virus type 1 infection increases the carbohydrate binding activity and the secretion of cellular galectin-3. Arch Virol 2009; 154:609-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-009-0351-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2008] [Accepted: 02/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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136
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Sun Q, Kang X, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Dai Z, Lu W, Zhou X, Liu X, Yang P, Liu Y. DSA affinity glycoproteome of human liver tissue. Arch Biochem Biophys 2009; 484:24-9. [PMID: 19467628 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2009.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2008] [Revised: 01/10/2009] [Accepted: 01/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Due to the critical roles of glycoproteins in the activities of cells to tissues, mapping of liver glycoproteome may provide valuable basic information for finding disease marker proteins. In this study, Datura Stramonium Agglutinin (DSA) was chosen to enrich N-linked glycoproteins for its broader specificity with tri- or tetra-antennary complex type. DSA affinity glycoproteins' profiles of human liver tissue were generated by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) followed by glycoprotein staining based on multiplexed proteomics (MP) technology. 64+/-3 (n=3) protein spots were detected and 41 of glycoproteins were identified via peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) using MALDI-TOF-MS/MS and annotated to IPI databases. Identified glycoproteins definitely take part in the regulation of cell cycle and metabolic processes. The detailed carbohydrate moiety of some glycoproteins might be concluded according to the literatures. The construction of DSA affinity glycoprotein database would contribute to the subsequent research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangling Sun
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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137
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Choi Y, Kwon YC, Kim SI, Park JM, Lee KH, Ahn BY. A hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome requires gC1qR/p32 for efficient cell binding and infection. Virology 2008; 381:178-83. [PMID: 18834607 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2008.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2008] [Revised: 06/09/2008] [Accepted: 08/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hantaan virus (HTNV) is a pathogenic hantavirus that causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). HTNV infection is mediated by alpha v beta3 integrin. We used protein blots of Vero E6 cell homogenates to demonstrate that radiolabeled HTNV virions bind to gC1qR/p32, the acidic 32-kDa protein known as the receptor for the globular head domain of complement C1q. RNAi-mediated suppression of gC1qR/p32 markedly reduced HTNV binding and infection in human lung epithelial A549 cells. Conversely, transient expression of either simian or human gC1qR/p32 rendered non-permissive CHO cells susceptible to HTNV infection. These results suggest an important role for gC1qR/p32 in HTNV infection and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Choi
- Mogam Research Institute, 341 Pojungdong, Yongin, 449-910, Republic of Korea
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138
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Karmali PP, Kotamraju VR, Kastantin M, Black M, Missirlis D, Tirrell M, Ruoslahti E. Targeting of albumin-embedded paclitaxel nanoparticles to tumors. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2008; 5:73-82. [PMID: 18829396 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2008.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2008] [Revised: 07/23/2008] [Accepted: 07/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We have used tumor-homing peptides to target abraxane, a clinically approved paclitaxel-albumin nanoparticle, to tumors in mice. The targeting was accomplished with two peptides, CREKA and LyP-1 (CGNKRTRGC). Fluorescein (FAM)-labeled CREKA-abraxane, when injected intravenously into mice bearing MDA-MB-435 human cancer xenografts, accumulated in tumor blood vessels, forming aggregates that contained red blood cells and fibrin. FAM-LyP-1-abraxane co-localized with extravascular islands expressing its receptor, p32. Self-assembled mixed micelles carrying the homing peptide and the label on different subunits accumulated in the same areas of tumors as LyP-1-abraxane, showing that Lyp-1 can deliver intact nanoparticles into extravascular sites. Untargeted, FAM-abraxane was detected in the form of a faint meshwork in tumor interstitium. LyP-1-abraxane produced a statistically highly significant inhibition of tumor growth compared with untargeted abraxane. These results show that nanoparticles can be effectively targeted into extravascular tumor tissue and that targeting can enhance the activity of a therapeutic nanoparticle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Prakash Karmali
- Vascular Mapping Center, Burnham Institute for Medical Research at UCSB, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9610, USA
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139
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Fogal V, Zhang L, Krajewski S, Ruoslahti E. Mitochondrial/cell-surface protein p32/gC1qR as a molecular target in tumor cells and tumor stroma. Cancer Res 2008; 68:7210-8. [PMID: 18757437 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-6752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A tumor homing peptide, LyP-1, selectively binds to tumor-associated lymphatic vessels and tumor cells in certain tumors and exhibits an antitumor effect. Here, we show that the protein known as p32 or gC1q receptor is the receptor for LyP-1. Various human tumor cell lines were positive for p32 expression in culture, and the expression was increased in xenograft tumors grown from the positive cell lines. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analyses with anti-p32 antibodies showed that p32-positive cell lines expressed p32 at the cell surface. These cells bound and internalized LyP-1 peptide in proportion to the cell-surface expression level, which correlated with malignancy rather than total p32 expression in the cells. Like the LyP-1 peptide, p32 antibodies highlighted hypoxic areas in tumors, where they bound to both tumor cells and cells that expressed macrophage/myeloid cell markers and often seemed to be incorporated into the walls of tumor lymphatics. Significant p32 expression was common in human cancers and the p32 levels were often greatly elevated compared with the corresponding normal tissue. These results establish p32, particularly its cell-surface-expressed form, as a new marker of tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages/myeloid cells in hypoxic/metabolically deprived areas of tumors. Its unique localization in tumors and its relative tumor specificity may make p32 a useful target in tumor diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Fogal
- Cancer Research Center, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, California, USA
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140
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Sheikh MA, Potter JA, Johnson KA, Sim RB, Boyd EF, Taylor GL. Crystal structure of VC1805, a conserved hypothetical protein from a Vibrio cholerae pathogenicity island, reveals homology to human p32. Proteins 2008; 71:1563-71. [PMID: 18300248 DOI: 10.1002/prot.21993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Arif Sheikh
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
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141
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Itahana K, Zhang Y. Mitochondrial p32 is a critical mediator of ARF-induced apoptosis. Cancer Cell 2008; 13:542-53. [PMID: 18538737 PMCID: PMC4504427 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2008.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2007] [Revised: 01/16/2008] [Accepted: 04/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The shared exon 2 of the p14ARF-p16INK4a locus is frequently mutated in human cancers. However, in contrast to the exon 1beta-encoded N-terminal half of ARF, the function of the exon 2-encoded C-terminal half of ARF has been elusive. Here, we report that the mitochondrial protein p32/C1QBP binds the ARF C terminus. We show that p32 is required for ARF to localize to mitochondria and induce apoptosis, and that ARF mutations specifically disrupting p32 binding can impair both of these functions. Wild-type ARF, but not a p32-binding-deficient ARF mutant, localizes to mitochondria, reduces mitochondrial membrane potential, and sensitizes cells to p53-induced apoptosis. These findings provide a potential explanation for the frequent human cancer mutations targeting the ARF C terminus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Itahana
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7512, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7512, USA
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7512, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7512, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7512, USA
- Correspondence:
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142
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Thakur SC, Datta K. Higher expression of hyaluronan binding protein 1 (HABP1/p32/gC1qR/SF2) during follicular development and cumulus oocyte complex maturation in rat. Mol Reprod Dev 2008; 75:429-38. [PMID: 17562559 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ovulation is a complex process of releasing a fertilizable oocyte and depends on the proper formation of an extracellular hyaluronan rich matrix by the cumulus oocyte complex (COC). The formation of a HA rich matrix is dependent on the synthesis and organization of HA in the presence of several biomolecules that mediate its crosslinking. To gain an insight into the follicular maturation and COC expansion, we have studied the expression of hyaluronan binding protein 1 (HABP1), which is known to interact specifically with hyaluronan. The level of HABP1 increased markedly during ovulation after gonadotropin stimulation, and the overexpression was seen in mural granulosa cells, expanding cumulus cells and follicular fluid. However, HABP1 could not be detected in the luteal cells of corpus luteum after ovulation. Such increased expression of HABP1 was observed both during in vivo and in vitro conditions of COC expansion. The level of HABP1 transcript was upregulated up to fivefold after COC expansion as compared to compact COC. Immunofluorescence analysis showed HABP1 to be localized in the cytoplasm and extracellular matrix, suggesting its role in ECM organization. The cultured expanded COC treated with hyaluronidase for different time periods showed the gradual dispersion of COC, which coincide with the loss of HABP1 from the matrix suggesting that HABP1 is bound to hyaluronan. These results indicate that HABP1 expressed in rat COCs during maturation may facilitate the formation of the HA matrix in the extracellular space around the oocyte with cumulus expansion during maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Chand Thakur
- Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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143
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Cummings KL, Waggoner SN, Tacke R, Hahn YS. Role of complement in immune regulation and its exploitation by virus. Viral Immunol 2008; 20:505-24. [PMID: 18158725 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2007.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Complement is activated during the early phase of viral infection and promotes destruction of virus particles as well as the initiation of inflammatory responses. Recently, complement and complement receptors have been reported to play an important role in the regulation of innate as well as adaptive immune responses during infection. The regulation of host immune responses by complement involves modulation of dendritic cell activity in addition to direct effects on T-cell function. Intriguingly, many viruses encode homologs of complement regulatory molecules or proteins that interact with complement receptors on antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes. The evolution of viral mechanisms to alter complement function may augment pathogen persistence and limit immune-mediated tissue destruction. These observations suggest that complement may play an important role in both innate and adaptive immune responses to infection as well as virus-mediated modulation of host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara L Cummings
- Beirne Carter Center for Immunology Research and Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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144
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Tacnet P, Cheong ECC, Goeltz P, Ghebrehiwet B, Arlaud GJ, Liu XY, Lesieur C. Trimeric reassembly of the globular domain of human C1q. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2008; 1784:518-29. [PMID: 18179779 PMCID: PMC2707929 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2007.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2007] [Revised: 11/19/2007] [Accepted: 12/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
C1q is a versatile recognition protein which binds to a variety of targets and consequently triggers the classical pathway of complement. C1q is a hetero-trimer composed of three chains (A, B and C) arranged in three domains, a short N-terminal region, followed by a collagenous repeat domain that gives rise to the formation of (ABC) triple helices, each ending in a C-terminal hetero-trimeric globular domain, called gC1q, which is responsible for the recognition properties of C1q. The mechanism of the trimeric assembly of C1q and in particular the role of each domain in the process is unknown. Here, we have investigated if the gC1q domain was able to assemble into functional trimers, in vitro, in the absence of the collagenous domain, a motif known to promote obligatory trimers in other proteins. Acid-mediated gC1q protomers reassembled into functional trimers, once neutralized, indicating that it is the gC1q domain which possesses the information for trimerization. However, reassembly occurred after neutralization, only if the gC1q protomers had preserved a residual tertiary structure at the end of the acidic treatment. Thus, the collagenous domain of C1q might initialize the folding of the gC1q domain so that subsequent assembly of the entire molecule can occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Tacnet
- Laboratoire d’Enzymologie Moléculaire, Institut de Biologie Structurale, CEA-CNRS-Université Joseph Fourier, 41 rue Jules Horowitz, 38027 Grenoble Cedex 1, France
| | - Eric Chung Chee Cheong
- National University of Singapore, Physics Department, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542, Singapore
| | - Pierrette Goeltz
- Laboratoire d’Enzymologie Moléculaire, Institut de Biologie Structurale, CEA-CNRS-Université Joseph Fourier, 41 rue Jules Horowitz, 38027 Grenoble Cedex 1, France
| | - Berhane Ghebrehiwet
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Gérard J. Arlaud
- Laboratoire d’Enzymologie Moléculaire, Institut de Biologie Structurale, CEA-CNRS-Université Joseph Fourier, 41 rue Jules Horowitz, 38027 Grenoble Cedex 1, France
| | - Xiang-Yang Liu
- National University of Singapore, Physics Department, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542, Singapore
| | - Claire Lesieur
- National University of Singapore, Physics Department, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542, Singapore
- iRTSV/BBSI, CEA-CNRS-Université Joseph Fourier, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France
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145
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The multifunctional protein GC1q-R interacts specifically with the i3 loop arginine cluster of the vasopressin V2 receptor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 148:76-87. [PMID: 18358546 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2008.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2007] [Revised: 01/16/2008] [Accepted: 01/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we identified the multifunctional protein GC1q-R as a novel vasopressin V(2) receptor (V(2)R) interacting protein. For this purpose, we have developed a proteomic approach combining pull-down assays using a cyclic peptide mimicking the third intracellular loop of V(2)R as a bait and mass spectrometry analyses of proteins isolated from either rat or human kidney tissues or the HEK 293 cell line. Co-immunoprecipitation of GC1q-R with the c-Myc-tagged h-V(2)R expressed in a HEK cell line confirmed the existence of a specific interaction between GC1q-R and the V(2) receptor. Then, construction of a mutant receptor in i3 loop allowed us to identify the i3 loop arginine cluster of the vasopressin V(2) receptor as the interacting determinant for GC1q-R interaction. Using purified receptor as a bait and recombinant (74-282) GC1q-R, we demonstrated a direct and specific interaction between these two proteins via the arginine cluster.
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146
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Bossi F, Bulla R, Tedesco F. Endothelial cells are a target of both complement and kinin system. Int Immunopharmacol 2008; 8:143-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2007.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2007] [Revised: 08/03/2007] [Accepted: 08/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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147
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Krishna NK, Cunnion KM. Human Astrovirus Coat Protein: A Novel C1 Inhibitor. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-78952-1_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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148
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Peerschke EIB, Yin W, Ghebrehiwet B. Platelet mediated complement activation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2008; 632:81-91. [PMID: 19025116 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-78952-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The complement system comprises a series of proteases and inhibitors that are activated in cascade-like fashion during host defense (Makrides 1998). A growing body of evidence supports the hypothesis that immune mechanisms, including complement activation, are involved in inflammatory conditions associated with vascular injury (Acostan et al. 2004; Giannakopoulos et al. 2007), and disseminated intravascular coagulation associated with massive trauma (Huber-Lang, this volume). We propose that platelets and platelet derived microparticles focus complement to sites of vascular injury where regulated complement activation participates in clearing terminally activated platelets and microparticles from the circulation, and dysregulated complement activation contributes to inflammation and thrombosis. Given the central role of platelets in hemostasis and thrombosis, it is not surprising that activated complement components have been demonstrated in many types of atherosclerotic and thrombotic vascular lesions (Torzewsjki et al. 2007; Niculescu et al. 2004).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellinor I B Peerschke
- Department of Pathology, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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149
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Chowdhury AR, Ghosh I, Datta K. Excessive reactive oxygen species induces apoptosis in fibroblasts: role of mitochondrially accumulated hyaluronic acid binding protein 1 (HABP1/p32/gC1qR). Exp Cell Res 2007; 314:651-67. [PMID: 18166172 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2007] [Revised: 10/11/2007] [Accepted: 10/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Constitutively expressed HABP1 in normal murine fibroblast cell line induces growth perturbation, morphological abnormalities along with initiation of apoptosis. Here, we demonstrate that though HABP1 accumulation started in mitochondria from 48 hr of growth, induction of apoptosis with the release of cytochrome c and apoptosome complex formation occurred only after 60 hr. This mitochondrial dysfunction was due to gradual increase in ROS generation in HABP1 overexpressing cells. Along with ROS generation, increased Ca 2+ influx in mitochondria leading to drop in membrane potential was evident. Interestingly, upon expression of HABP1, the respiratory chain complex I was shown to be significantly inhibited. Electronmicrograph confirmed defective mitochondrial ultrastructure. The reduction in oxidant generation and drop in apoptotic cell population accomplished by disruption of HABP1 expression, corroborating the fact that excess ROS generation in HABP1 overexpressing cells leading to apoptosis was due to mitochondrial HABP1 accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindya Roy Chowdhury
- Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India
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Biswas AK, Hafiz A, Banerjee B, Kim KS, Datta K, Chitnis CE. Plasmodium falciparum uses gC1qR/HABP1/p32 as a receptor to bind to vascular endothelium and for platelet-mediated clumping. PLoS Pathog 2007; 3:1271-80. [PMID: 17907801 PMCID: PMC2323294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.0030130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2007] [Accepted: 07/23/2007] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of Plasmodium falciparum–infected red blood cells (IRBCs) to bind to vascular endothelium, thus enabling sequestration in vital host organs, is an important pathogenic mechanism in malaria. Adhesion of P. falciparum IRBCs to platelets, which results in the formation of IRBC clumps, is another cytoadherence phenomenon that is associated with severe disease. Here, we have used in vitro cytoadherence assays to demonstrate, to our knowledge for the first time, that P. falciparum IRBCs use the 32-kDa human protein gC1qR/HABP1/p32 as a receptor to bind to human brain microvascular endothelial cells. In addition, we show that P. falciparum IRBCs can also bind to gC1qR/HABP1/p32 on platelets to form clumps. Our study has thus identified a novel host receptor that is used for both adhesion to vascular endothelium and platelet-mediated clumping. Given the association of adhesion to vascular endothelium and platelet-mediated clumping with severe disease, adhesion to gC1qR/HABP1/p32 by P. falciparum IRBCs may play an important role in malaria pathogenesis. Adhesion of Plasmodium falciparum–infected red blood cells (IRBCs) to the endothelium lining the capillaries of vital host organs can obstruct blood circulation and is an important pathogenic mechanism in malaria. Adhesion of P. falciparum IRBCs to platelets results in the formation of IRBC clumps that can also obstruct blood flow and is implicated in severe malaria. Here, we have identified a novel cytoadherence receptor that is found on both endothelial cells and platelets. We demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, that P. falciparum IRBCs use the 32-kDa human protein gC1qR/HABP1/p32 as a receptor to bind to human endothelial cells, including brain microvascular endothelial cells. In addition, we show that P. falciparum IRBCs can bind to gC1qR/HABP1/p32 on platelets to form clumps. Our study has thus identified a novel host receptor that is used for both adhesion to vascular endothelium and platelet-mediated clumping. Given the association of these cytoadherence phenomena with severe disease, our study opens the door to investigations on the role of adhesion of P. falciparum IRBCs to gC1qR/HABP1/p32 in malaria pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Kumar Biswas
- Malaria Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Abdul Hafiz
- Malaria Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Bhaswati Banerjee
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Kwang Sik Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kasturi Datta
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: (KD); (CEC)
| | - Chetan E Chitnis
- Malaria Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: (KD); (CEC)
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