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Breuer J, Korpos E, Hannocks MJ, Schneider-Hohendorf T, Song J, Zondler L, Herich S, Flanagan K, Korn T, Zarbock A, Kuhlmann T, Sorokin L, Wiendl H, Schwab N. Blockade of MCAM/CD146 impedes CNS infiltration of T cells over the choroid plexus. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:236. [PMID: 30134924 PMCID: PMC6106934 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1276-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Very late antigen 4 (VLA-4; integrin α4β1) is critical for transmigration of T helper (TH) 1 cells into the central nervous system (CNS) under inflammatory conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS). We have previously shown that VLA-4 and melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM) are important for trans-endothelial migration of human TH17 cells in vitro and here investigate their contribution to pathogenic CNS inflammation. Methods Antibody blockade of VLA-4 and MCAM is assessed in murine models of CNS inflammation in conjunction with conditional ablation of α4-integrin expression in T cells. Effects of VLA-4 and MCAM blockade on lymphocyte migration are further investigated in the human system via in vitro T cell transmigration assays. Results Compared to the broad effects of VLA-4 blockade on encephalitogenic T cell migration over endothelial barriers, MCAM blockade impeded encephalitogenic T cell migration in murine models of MS that especially depend on CNS migration across the choroid plexus (CP). In transgenic mice lacking T cell α4-integrin expression (CD4::Itga4−/−), MCAM blockade delayed disease onset. Migration of MCAM-expressing T cells through the CP into the CNS was restricted, where laminin 411 (composed of α4, β1, γ1 chains), the proposed major ligand of MCAM, is detected in the endothelial basement membranes of murine CP tissue. This finding was translated to the human system; blockade of MCAM with a therapeutic antibody reduced in vitro transmigration of MCAM-expressing T cells across a human fibroblast-derived extracellular matrix layer and a brain-derived endothelial monolayer, both expressing laminin α4. Laminin α4 was further detected in situ in CP endothelial-basement membranes in MS patients’ brain tissue. Conclusions Our findings suggest that MCAM-laminin 411 interactions facilitate trans-endothelial migration of MCAM-expressing T cells into the CNS, which seems to be highly relevant to migration via the CP and to potential future clinical applications in neuroinflammatory disorders. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-018-1276-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Breuer
- Clinic of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus-1, Building A01, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Eva Korpos
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and of Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Melanie-Jane Hannocks
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and of Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tilman Schneider-Hohendorf
- Clinic of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus-1, Building A01, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Jian Song
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and of Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lisa Zondler
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sebastian Herich
- Clinic of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus-1, Building A01, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ken Flanagan
- Prothena Biosciences Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Korn
- Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Zarbock
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tanja Kuhlmann
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lydia Sorokin
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and of Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Heinz Wiendl
- Clinic of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus-1, Building A01, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nicholas Schwab
- Clinic of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus-1, Building A01, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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102
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Liebmann M, Hucke S, Koch K, Eschborn M, Ghelman J, Chasan AI, Glander S, Schädlich M, Kuhlencord M, Daber NM, Eveslage M, Beyer M, Dietrich M, Albrecht P, Stoll M, Busch KB, Wiendl H, Roth J, Kuhlmann T, Klotz L. Nur77 serves as a molecular brake of the metabolic switch during T cell activation to restrict autoimmunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E8017-E8026. [PMID: 30072431 PMCID: PMC6112725 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1721049115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells critically depend on reprogramming of metabolic signatures to meet the bioenergetic demands during activation and clonal expansion. Here we identify the transcription factor Nur77 as a cell-intrinsic modulator of T cell activation. Nur77-deficient T cells are highly proliferative, and lack of Nur77 is associated with enhanced T cell activation and increased susceptibility for T cell-mediated inflammatory diseases, such as CNS autoimmunity, allergic contact dermatitis and collagen-induced arthritis. Importantly, Nur77 serves as key regulator of energy metabolism in T cells, restricting mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis and controlling switching between different energy pathways. Transcriptional network analysis revealed that Nur77 modulates the expression of metabolic genes, most likely in close interaction with other transcription factors, especially estrogen-related receptor α. In summary, we identify Nur77 as a transcriptional regulator of T cell metabolism, which elevates the threshold for T cell activation and confers protection in different T cell-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autoimmunity
- Central Nervous System/immunology
- Central Nervous System/metabolism
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mitochondria/genetics
- Mitochondria/immunology
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/immunology
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/metabolism
- Oxygen Consumption/immunology
- Receptors, Estrogen/genetics
- Receptors, Estrogen/immunology
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- ERRalpha Estrogen-Related Receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Liebmann
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hucke
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Kathrin Koch
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Melanie Eschborn
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Julia Ghelman
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Achmet I Chasan
- Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Shirin Glander
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Martin Schädlich
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Meike Kuhlencord
- Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Niklas M Daber
- Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Maria Eveslage
- Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Marc Beyer
- Department of Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- Molecular Immunology, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Dietrich
- Department of Neurology, University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp Albrecht
- Department of Neurology, University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Monika Stoll
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Karin B Busch
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Heinz Wiendl
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Johannes Roth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Tanja Kuhlmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Luisa Klotz
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany;
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103
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The endocannabinoid system of the skin. A potential approach for the treatment of skin disorders. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 157:122-133. [PMID: 30138623 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ of the body and has a complex and very active structure that contributes to homeostasis and provides the first line defense against injury and infection. In the past few years it has become evident that the endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays a relevant role in healthy and diseased skin. Specifically, we review how the dysregulation of ECS has been associated to dermatological disorders such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, scleroderma and skin cancer. Therefore, the druggability of the ECS could open new research avenues for the treatment of the pathologies mentioned. Numerous studies have reported that phytocannabinoids and their biological analogues modulate a complex network pharmacology involved in the modulation of ECS, focusing on classical cannabinoid receptors, transient receptor potential channels (TRPs), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). The combined targeting of several end-points seems critical to provide better chances of therapeutically success, in sharp contrast to the one-disease-one-target dogma that permeates current drug discovery campaigns.
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104
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β-Catenin Regulation in Sporadic Colorectal Carcinogenesis: Not as Simple as APC. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 2018:4379673. [PMID: 30186819 PMCID: PMC6116401 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4379673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The wnt/APC/β-catenin pathway is a critical initiator in colorectal carcinogenesis in both hereditary and sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC). The progression of this process remains incompletely understood, although inflammation is pivotal. Drivers of inflammation are elevated in malignant tissue and have been shown to regulate β-catenin expression. Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is protumorigenic at elevated levels via COX-2 stimulation. Elevated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) expression has reduced risk of carcinogenesis and good overall prognosis in established CRC. Activation of PPARγ has inhibitory effect on β-catenin. METHODS Using qPCR and IHC, we compared β-catenin, PPARγ, COX-2, and IL-17A in the colonic mucosa of patients with sporadic CRC, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), against a normal control population. RESULTS β-catenin mRNA and protein expression progressively increased from the Normal group, through IBS and IBD reaching statistical significance in CRC. COX-2 mRNA levels increased similarly with statistical significance in IBD and CRC. However, COX-2 protein expression was inverted with significant expression in the Normal and IBS groups and reduced levels in IBD and CRC. PPARγ mRNA expression was unchanged in IBD and CRC but was significantly elevated in the IBS. IL-17A mRNA was significantly reduced in IBS and CRC but unchanged in IBD. There were no differences in all parameters tested in the Normal and IBS groups. CONCLUSION β-catenin is confirmed as a major driver of colorectal carcinogenesis but is controlled by many more players other than APC. Elevated levels of PPARγ may have an anticarcinogenic effect. The role of COX-2 expression, especially its posttranscriptional regulation in colorectal cancer, needs further elucidation.
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105
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Gaber T, Chen Y, Krauß PL, Buttgereit F. Metabolism of T Lymphocytes in Health and Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 342:95-148. [PMID: 30635095 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive immune responses that occur in infection, cancer, and autoimmune as well as allergic diseases involve the participation of T cells. T cells travel throughout the body searching for antigens, which are recognized via the major histocompatibility complexes. In the healthy organism, these T cells maintain metabolic quiescence until they encounter a potentially cognate antigen. Once activated, e.g., during an infection or tissue damage, T cells switch their metabolic program to gain energy and building blocks to maintain cellular homeostasis and to fulfill their specific immune functions involving clonal expansion and/or differentiation into effector and memory T cells to ultimately ensure host survival. Thus, differences in metabolism in healthy and pathogenic T cells provide an explanation for dysfunctionality of T-cell responses in metabolic disorders, autoimmunity, and cancer. Here, we summarize current knowledge on T-cell metabolism during the maintenance of homeostasis, activation, and differentiation as well as over the course of time that memory is generated in health and in diseased states such as autoimmunity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Gaber
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Berlin, Germany; German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yuling Chen
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Berlin, Germany; German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pierre-Louis Krauß
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Berlin, Germany; German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Buttgereit
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Berlin, Germany; German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
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106
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Melnik BC, John SM, Chen W, Plewig G. T helper 17 cell/regulatory T-cell imbalance in hidradenitis suppurativa/acne inversa: the link to hair follicle dissection, obesity, smoking and autoimmune comorbidities. Br J Dermatol 2018; 179:260-272. [PMID: 29573406 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disintegration of the infundibula of terminal hair follicles (HFs) in intertriginous skin areas exhibits the histological hallmark of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS)/acne inversa, featuring a dissecting terminal hair folliculitis. Elevated serum levels of interleukin (IL)-17 and local increase in the ratio of proinflammatory T helper (Th)17 cells and anti-inflammatory regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been reported. Perifollicular Tregs play a key role in HF stem cell homeostasis and infundibular integrity. OBJECTIVES In this review, we evaluate the Th17/Treg ratio in HS, its aggravating conditions and associated comorbidities. Furthermore, we intended to clarify whether drugs with reported beneficial effects in the treatment of HS readjust the deviated Th17/Treg axis. METHODS PubMed-listed, peer-reviewed original research articles characterizing Th17/Treg regulation in HS/acne inversa and associated comorbidities were selected for this review. RESULTS This review presents HS as a disease that exhibits an increased Th17/Treg ratio. Perifollicular deficiencies in Treg numbers or function may disturb HF stem cell homeostasis, initiating infundibular dissection of terminal HFs and perifollicular inflammation. The Th17/Treg imbalance is aggravated by obesity, smoking and decreased Notch signalling. In addition, HS-associated autoimmune diseases exhibit a disturbed Th17/Treg axis resulting in a Th17-dominant state. All drugs that have beneficial effects in the treatment of HS normalize the Th17/Treg ratio. CONCLUSIONS HS immunopathogenesis is closely related to deviations of the Th17/Treg balance, which may negatively affect Treg-controlled HF stem cell homeostasis and infundibular integrity. Pharmacological intervention should not only attenuate Th17/IL-17 signalling, but should also improve Treg function in order to stabilize HF stem cell homeostasis and infundibular integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - S M John
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - W Chen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - G Plewig
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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107
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Metabolic Dysfunction and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPAR) in Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061639. [PMID: 29865151 PMCID: PMC6032172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) probably caused, in most cases, by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. This review first summarizes some clinical, epidemiological and pathological characteristics of MS. Then, the involvement of biochemical pathways is discussed in the development and repair of the CNS lesions and the immune dysfunction in the disease. Finally, the potential roles of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) in MS are discussed. It is suggested that metabolic mechanisms modulated by PPAR provide a window to integrate the systemic and neurological events underlying the pathogenesis of the disease. In conclusion, the reviewed data highlight molecular avenues of understanding MS that may open new targets for improved therapies and preventive strategies for the disease.
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108
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Regulation of Immune Cell Function by PPARs and the Connection with Metabolic and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061575. [PMID: 29799467 PMCID: PMC6032042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence points towards the existence of a bidirectional interconnection between metabolic disease and neurodegenerative disorders, in which inflammation is linking both together. Activation of members of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family has been shown to have beneficial effects in these interlinked pathologies, and these improvements are often attributed to anti-inflammatory effects of PPAR activation. In this review, we summarize the role of PPARs in immune cell function, with a focus on macrophages and T cells, and how this was shown to contribute to obesity-associated inflammation and insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, and neurodegenerative disorders. We address gender differences as a potential explanation in observed contradictory results, and we highlight PPAR-induced metabolic changes as a potential mechanism of regulation of immune cell function through these nuclear receptors. Together, immune cell-specific activation of PPARs present a promising therapeutic approach to treat both metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases.
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109
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Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y, Guillevin R, Vallée JN. Demyelination in Multiple Sclerosis: Reprogramming Energy Metabolism and Potential PPARγ Agonist Treatment Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041212. [PMID: 29659554 PMCID: PMC5979570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Demyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS) cells is the site of several energy metabolic abnormalities driven by dysregulation between the opposed interplay of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and WNT/β-catenin pathways. We focus our review on the opposing interactions observed in demyelinating processes in MS between the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway and PPARγ and their reprogramming energy metabolism implications. Demyelination in MS is associated with chronic inflammation, which is itself associated with the release of cytokines by CD4+ Th17 cells, and downregulation of PPARγ expression leading to the upregulation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway. Upregulation of WNT/β-catenin signaling induces activation of glycolytic enzymes that modify their energy metabolic behavior. Then, in MS cells, a large portion of cytosolic pyruvate is converted into lactate. This phenomenon is called the Warburg effect, despite the availability of oxygen. The Warburg effect is the shift of an energy transfer production from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis. Lactate production is correlated with increased WNT/β-catenin signaling and demyelinating processes by inducing dysfunction of CD4+ T cells leading to axonal and neuronal damage. In MS, downregulation of PPARγ decreases insulin sensitivity and increases neuroinflammation. PPARγ agonists inhibit Th17 differentiation in CD4+ T cells and then diminish release of cytokines. In MS, abnormalities in the regulation of circadian rhythms stimulate the WNT pathway to initiate the demyelination process. Moreover, PPARγ contributes to the regulation of some key circadian genes. Thus, PPARγ agonists interfere with reprogramming energy metabolism by directly inhibiting the WNT/β-catenin pathway and circadian rhythms and could appear as promising treatments in MS due to these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Délégation à la Recherche Clinique et à l'Innovation (DRCI), Hôpital Foch, 92150 Suresnes, France.
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien (GHEF), 77100 Meaux, France.
| | - Rémy Guillevin
- Data Analysis and Computations Through Imaging Modeling-Mathématiques (DACTIM), Unité mixte de recherche (UMR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 7348 (Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Application), University of Poitiers, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France.
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Amiens Picardie, University of Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), 80000 Amiens, France.
- LMA (Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications), Unité mixte de recherche (UMR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 7348, Université de Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France.
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110
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Silva-Abreu M, Espinoza LC, Halbaut L, Espina M, García ML, Calpena AC. Comparative Study of Ex Vivo Transmucosal Permeation of Pioglitazone Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E316. [PMID: 30966351 PMCID: PMC6414928 DOI: 10.3390/polym10030316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pioglitazone has been reported in the literature to have a substantial role in the improvement of overall cognition in a mouse model. With this in mind, the aim of this study was to determine the most efficacious route for the administration of Pioglitazone nanoparticles (PGZ-NPs) in order to promote drug delivery to the brain for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. PGZ-loaded NPs were developed by the solvent displacement method. Parameters such as mean size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, encapsulation efficacy, rheological behavior, and short-term stability were evaluated. Ex vivo permeation studies were then carried out using buccal, sublingual, nasal, and intestinal mucosa. PGZ-NPs with a size around of 160 nm showed high permeability in all mucosae. However, the permeation and prediction parameters revealed that lag-time and vehicle/tissue partition coefficient of nasal mucosa were significantly lower than other studied mucosae, while the diffusion coefficient and theoretical steady-state plasma concentration of the drug were higher, providing biopharmaceutical results that reveal more favorable PGZ permeation through the nasal mucosa. The results suggest that nasal mucosa represents an attractive and non-invasive pathway for PGZ-NPs administration to the brain since the drug permeation was demonstrated to be more favorable in this tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelle Silva-Abreu
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Lupe Carolina Espinoza
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Departamento de Química y Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 1101608, Ecuador.
| | - Lyda Halbaut
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marta Espina
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - María Luisa García
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ana Cristina Calpena
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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111
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Navarrete C, Carrillo-Salinas F, Palomares B, Mecha M, Jiménez-Jiménez C, Mestre L, Feliú A, Bellido ML, Fiebich BL, Appendino G, Calzado MA, Guaza C, Muñoz E. Hypoxia mimetic activity of VCE-004.8, a cannabidiol quinone derivative: implications for multiple sclerosis therapy. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:64. [PMID: 29495967 PMCID: PMC5831753 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1103-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by a combination of inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes variously dominant in different stages of the disease. Thus, immunosuppression is the goal standard for the inflammatory stage, and novel remyelination therapies are pursued to restore lost function. Cannabinoids such as 9Δ-THC and CBD are multi-target compounds already introduced in the clinical practice for multiple sclerosis (MS). Semisynthetic cannabinoids are designed to improve bioactivities and druggability of their natural precursors. VCE-004.8, an aminoquinone derivative of cannabidiol (CBD), is a dual PPARγ and CB2 agonist with potent anti-inflammatory activity. Activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) can have a beneficial role in MS by modulating the immune response and favoring neuroprotection and axonal regeneration. Methods We investigated the effects of VCE-004.8 on the HIF pathway in different cell types. The effect of VCE-004.8 on macrophage polarization and arginase 1 expression was analyzed in RAW264.7 and BV2 cells. COX-2 expression and PGE2 synthesis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was studied in primary microglia cultures. The efficacy of VCE-004.8 in vivo was evaluated in two murine models of MS such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and Theiler’s virus-induced encephalopathy (TMEV). Results Herein, we provide evidence that VCE-004.8 stabilizes HIF-1α and HIF-2α and activates the HIF pathway in human microvascular endothelial cells, oligodendrocytes, and microglia cells. The stabilization of HIF-1α is produced by the inhibition of the prolyl-4-hydrolase activity of PHD1 and PDH2. VCE-004.8 upregulates the expression of HIF-dependent genes such as erythropoietin and VEGFA, induces angiogenesis, and enhances migration of oligodendrocytes. Moreover, VCE-004.8 blunts IL-17-induced M1 polarization, inhibits LPS-induced COX-2 expression and PGE2 synthesis, and induces expression of arginase 1 in macrophages and microglia. In vivo experiments showed efficacy of VCE-004.8 in EAE and TMEV. Histopathological analysis revealed that VCE-004.8 treatments prevented demyelination, axonal damage, and immune cells infiltration. In addition, VCE-004.8 downregulated the expression of several genes closely associated with MS physiopathology, including those underlying the production of chemokines, cytokines, and adhesion molecules. Conclusions This study provides new significant insights about the potential role of VCE-004.8 for MS treatment by ameliorating neuroinflammation and demyelination. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-018-1103-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Belén Palomares
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Avda Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Miriam Mecha
- Departamento de Neurobiología Funcional y de Sistemas, Instituto Cajal-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carla Jiménez-Jiménez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Avda Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Leyre Mestre
- Departamento de Neurobiología Funcional y de Sistemas, Instituto Cajal-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Feliú
- Departamento de Neurobiología Funcional y de Sistemas, Instituto Cajal-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria L Bellido
- Vivacell Biotechnology SL, Córdoba, Spain.,Emerald Health Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Giovanni Appendino
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Marco A Calzado
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Avda Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carmen Guaza
- Departamento de Neurobiología Funcional y de Sistemas, Instituto Cajal-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Muñoz
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Avda Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain. .,Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain. .,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain.
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Gutting T, Weber CA, Weidner P, Herweck F, Henn S, Friedrich T, Yin S, Kzhyshkowska J, Gaiser T, Janssen KP, Reindl W, Ebert MPA, Burgermeister E. PPARγ-activation increases intestinal M1 macrophages and mitigates formation of serrated adenomas in mutant KRAS mice. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1423168. [PMID: 29721374 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1423168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify novel hubs for cancer immunotherapy, we generated C57BL/6J mice with concomitant deletion of the drugable transcription factor PPARγ and transgenic overexpression of the mutant KRASG12V oncogene in enterocytes. Animals developed epithelial hyperplasia, transmural inflammation and serrated adenomas in the small intestine with infiltration of CD3+ FOXP3+ T-cells and macrophages into the lamina propria of the non-malignant mucosa. Within serrated polyps, CD3+ CD8+ T-cells and phosphorylated ERK1/2 were reduced and the senescence marker P21 and macrophage counts up-regulated, indicative of an immunosuppressive tissue microenvironment. Treatment of mutant KRASG12V mice with the PPARγ-agonist rosiglitazone augmented M1 macrophage numbers, reduced IL4 expression and diminished polyp load in mice. Rosiglitazone also promoted M1 polarisation of human THP1-derived macrophages and decreased Il4 mRNA in isolated murine lymphocytes. Thus, inhibition of the oncogenic driver mutant RAS by PPARγ in epithelial and immune cell compartments may be a future target for the prevention or treatment of human malignancies associated with intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Gutting
- Dept. of Medicine II, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christian A Weber
- Dept. of Medicine II, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Philip Weidner
- Dept. of Medicine II, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frank Herweck
- Dept. of Medicine II, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sarah Henn
- Dept. of Medicine II, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Teresa Friedrich
- Dept. of Medicine II, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Shuiping Yin
- Dept. of Innate Immunity and Tolerance, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Julia Kzhyshkowska
- Dept. of Innate Immunity and Tolerance, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Timo Gaiser
- Dept. of Pathology, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Janssen
- Dept. of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Reindl
- Dept. of Medicine II, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Matthias P A Ebert
- Dept. of Medicine II, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Elke Burgermeister
- Dept. of Medicine II, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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113
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Howie D, Ten Bokum A, Necula AS, Cobbold SP, Waldmann H. The Role of Lipid Metabolism in T Lymphocyte Differentiation and Survival. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1949. [PMID: 29375572 PMCID: PMC5770376 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The differentiation and effector functions of both the innate and adaptive immune system are inextricably linked to cellular metabolism. The features of metabolism which affect both arms of the immune system include metabolic substrate availability, expression of enzymes, transport proteins, and transcription factors which control catabolism of these substrates, and the ability to perform anabolic metabolism. The control of lipid metabolism is central to the appropriate differentiation and functions of T lymphocytes, and ultimately to the maintenance of immune tolerance. This review will focus on the role of fatty acid (FA) metabolism in T cell differentiation, effector function, and survival. FAs are important sources of cellular energy, stored as triglycerides. They are also used as precursors to produce complex lipids such as cholesterol and membrane phospholipids. FA residues also become incorporated into hormones and signaling moieties. FAs signal via nuclear receptors and their channeling, between storage as triacyl glycerides or oxidation as fuel, may play a role in survival or death of the cell. In recent years, progress in the field of immunometabolism has highlighted diverse roles for FA metabolism in CD4 and CD8 T cell differentiation and function. This review will firstly describe the sensing and modulation of the environmental FAs and lipid intracellular signaling and will then explore the key role of lipid metabolism in regulating the balance between potentially damaging pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory regulatory responses. Finally the complex role of extracellular FAs in determining cell survival will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan Howie
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Annemieke Ten Bokum
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Stephen Paul Cobbold
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Herman Waldmann
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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114
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Lee SH, Kwon JE, Cho ML. Immunological pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Intest Res 2018; 16:26-42. [PMID: 29422795 PMCID: PMC5797268 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2018.16.1.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory state of the gastrointestinal tract and can be classified into 2 main clinical phenomena: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The pathogenesis of IBD, including CD and UC, involves the presence of pathogenic factors such as abnormal gut microbiota, immune response dysregulation, environmental changes, and gene variants. Although many investigations have tried to identify novel pathogenic factors associated with IBD that are related to environmental, genetic, microbial, and immune response factors, a full understanding of IBD pathogenesis is unclear. Thus, IBD treatment is far from optimal, and patient outcomes can be unsatisfactory. As result of massive studying on IBD, T helper 17 (Th17) cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are investigated on their effects on IBD. A recent study of the plasticity of Th17 cells focused primarily on colitis. ILCs also emerging as novel cell family, which play a role in the pathogenesis of IBD. IBD immunopathogenesis is key to understanding the causes of IBD and can lead to the development of IBD therapies. The aim of this review is to explain the pathogenesis of IBD, with a focus on immunological factors and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hoon Lee
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong eun Kwon
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi-La Cho
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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115
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The Secrets of T Cell Polarization. Oncoimmunology 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-62431-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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116
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The Th17 Lineage: From Barrier Surfaces Homeostasis to Autoimmunity, Cancer, and HIV-1 Pathogenesis. Viruses 2017; 9:v9100303. [PMID: 29048384 PMCID: PMC5691654 DOI: 10.3390/v9100303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The T helper 17 (Th17) cells represent a subset of CD4+ T-cells with unique effector functions, developmental plasticity, and stem-cell features. Th17 cells bridge innate and adaptive immunity against fungal and bacterial infections at skin and mucosal barrier surfaces. Although Th17 cells have been extensively studied in the context of autoimmunity, their role in various other pathologies is underexplored and remains an area of open investigation. This review summarizes the history of Th17 cell discovery and the current knowledge relative to the beneficial role of Th17 cells in maintaining mucosal immunity homeostasis. We further discuss the concept of Th17 pathogenicity in the context of autoimmunity, cancer, and HIV infection, and we review the most recent discoveries on molecular mechanisms regulating HIV replication/persistence in pathogenic Th17 cells. Finally, we stress the need for novel fundamental research discovery-based Th17-specific therapeutic interventions to treat pathogenic conditions associated with Th17 abnormalities, including HIV infection.
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117
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Cai W, Yang T, Liu H, Han L, Zhang K, Hu X, Zhang X, Yin KJ, Gao Y, Bennett MVL, Leak RK, Chen J. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ): A master gatekeeper in CNS injury and repair. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 163-164:27-58. [PMID: 29032144 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a widely expressed ligand-modulated transcription factor that governs the expression of genes involved in inflammation, redox equilibrium, trophic factor production, insulin sensitivity, and the metabolism of lipids and glucose. Synthetic PPARγ agonists (e.g. thiazolidinediones) are used to treat Type II diabetes and have the potential to limit the risk of developing brain injuries such as stroke by mitigating the influence of comorbidities. If brain injury develops, PPARγ serves as a master gatekeeper of cytoprotective stress responses, improving the chances of cellular survival and recovery of homeostatic equilibrium. In the acute injury phase, PPARγ directly restricts tissue damage by inhibiting the NFκB pathway to mitigate inflammation and stimulating the Nrf2/ARE axis to neutralize oxidative stress. During the chronic phase of acute brain injuries, PPARγ activation in injured cells culminates in the repair of gray and white matter, preservation of the blood-brain barrier, reconstruction of the neurovascular unit, resolution of inflammation, and long-term functional recovery. Thus, PPARγ lies at the apex of cell fate decisions and exerts profound effects on the chronic progression of acute injury conditions. Here, we review the therapeutic potential of PPARγ in stroke and brain trauma and highlight the novel role of PPARγ in long-term tissue repair. We describe its structure and function and identify the genes that it targets. PPARγ regulation of inflammation, metabolism, cell fate (proliferation/differentiation/maturation/survival), and many other processes also has relevance to other neurological diseases. Therefore, PPARγ is an attractive target for therapies against a number of progressive neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cai
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Tuo Yang
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Huan Liu
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Lijuan Han
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Kai Zhang
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh PA, USA
| | - Xuejing Zhang
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ke-Jie Yin
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Yanqin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Michael V L Bennett
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Rehana K Leak
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA.
| | - Jun Chen
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh PA, USA.
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118
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Hajishengallis G, Lamont RJ. Metabolic nuclear receptors in periodontal host-microbe interactions and inflammation. Mol Oral Microbiol 2017; 32:443-445. [PMID: 28984043 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Hajishengallis
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R J Lamont
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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119
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Nobs SP, Natali S, Pohlmeier L, Okreglicka K, Schneider C, Kurrer M, Sallusto F, Kopf M. PPARγ in dendritic cells and T cells drives pathogenic type-2 effector responses in lung inflammation. J Exp Med 2017; 214:3015-3035. [PMID: 28798029 PMCID: PMC5626395 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20162069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Type-2 immune responses are well-established drivers of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as asthma, and represent a large burden on public health systems. The transcription factor PPARγ is known to promote M2-macrophage and alveolar macrophage development. Here, we report that PPARγ plays a key role in both T cells and dendritic cells (DCs) for development of type-2 immune responses. It is predominantly expressed in mouse Th2 cells in vitro and in vivo as well as human Th2 cells from allergic patients. Using conditional knockouts, we show that PPARγ signaling in T cells, although largely dispensable for IL-4 induction, is critical for IL-33-driven Th2 effector function in type-2 allergic airway responses. Furthermore, we demonstrate that IL-4 and IL-33 promote up-regulation of PPARγ in lung-resident CD11b+ DCs, which enhances migration to draining lymph nodes and Th2 priming capacity. Thus, we uncover a surprising proinflammatory role for PPARγ and establish it as a novel, important mediator of DC-T cell interactions in type-2 immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Philip Nobs
- Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sara Natali
- Center of Medical Immunology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Lea Pohlmeier
- Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katarzyna Okreglicka
- Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Schneider
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Federica Sallusto
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center of Medical Immunology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Kopf
- Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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120
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Herold M, Breuer J, Hucke S, Knolle P, Schwab N, Wiendl H, Klotz L. Liver X receptor activation promotes differentiation of regulatory T cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184985. [PMID: 28926619 PMCID: PMC5604992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptor Liver X Receptor (LXR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that has been implicated in control of chronic inflammation by downregulating pro-inflammatory T cell responses. An impaired function of regulatory T cells, a subset of CD4+ T cells with a crucial role in maintaining lymphocytes homeostasis and immune regulation, is frequently observed in chronic inflammatory diseases. We observed that pharmacological activation of LXR in T cells not only resulted in a thorough suppression of Th1 and Th17 polarization in vitro, but also significantly induced regulatory T cells (Treg) cell differentiation in a receptor-specific fashion. In line with this, systemic LXR activation by oral treatment of mice with the LXR agonist GW3965 induced gut-associated regulatory T cells in vivo. Importantly, such LXR-activated Tregs had a higher suppressive capacity in functional in vitro coculture assays with effector T cells. Our data thus point towards a dual role of LXR-mediated control of inflammation by suppression of pro-inflammatory T cells and reciprocal induction of regulatory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Herold
- Department of Neurology, University of Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Muenster, Germany
| | - Johanna Breuer
- Department of Neurology, University of Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Muenster, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hucke
- Department of Neurology, University of Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Muenster, Germany
| | - Percy Knolle
- Institute of Molecular Immunology & Experimental Oncology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicholas Schwab
- Department of Neurology, University of Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Muenster, Germany
| | - Heinz Wiendl
- Department of Neurology, University of Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Muenster, Germany
| | - Luisa Klotz
- Department of Neurology, University of Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Muenster, Germany
- * E-mail:
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121
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Interactions Between the Canonical WNT/Beta-Catenin Pathway and PPAR Gamma on Neuroinflammation, Demyelination, and Remyelination in Multiple Sclerosis. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2017; 38:783-795. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0550-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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122
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Vignali PDA, Barbi J, Pan F. Metabolic Regulation of T Cell Immunity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1011:87-130. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-1170-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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123
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Park HJ, Choi JM. Sex-specific regulation of immune responses by PPARs. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e364. [PMID: 28775365 PMCID: PMC5579504 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of autoimmune, infectious and metabolic diseases is different for men and women owing to the respective ability of their immune systems to respond to self and foreign antigens. Although several factors, including hormones and the X-chromosome, have been suggested to contribute to such sex-specific immune responses, the underlying factors remain poorly defined. Recent studies using peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) ligands and knockout mice have identified sex-dimorphic expression of PPARs, and have shown that the inhibitory functions of PPAR in T cells are substantially affected by the sex hormones. In this review, we consider the sex-specific differences in PPARs and summarize the diverse PPAR-mediated, sex-specific properties of effector T-cell responses, such as T-cell activation, survival and differentiation, as well as their involvement in T-cell-related autoimmune diseases, including colitis, graft-versus-host disease and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Understanding PPAR-mediated sex differences in immune responses will provide more precise insights into the roles of PPARs in effector T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jai Park
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Min Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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124
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Planas D, Zhang Y, Monteiro P, Goulet JP, Gosselin A, Grandvaux N, Hope TJ, Fassati A, Routy JP, Ancuta P. HIV-1 selectively targets gut-homing CCR6+CD4+ T cells via mTOR-dependent mechanisms. JCI Insight 2017; 2:93230. [PMID: 28768913 PMCID: PMC5543920 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.93230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut-associated lymphoid tissues are enriched in CCR6+ Th17-polarized CD4+ T cells that contribute to HIV-1 persistence during antiretroviral therapy (ART). This raises the need for Th17-targeted immunotherapies. In an effort to identify mechanisms governing HIV-1 permissiveness/persistence in gut-homing Th17 cells, we analyzed the transcriptome of CCR6+ versus CCR6- T cells exposed to the gut-homing inducer retinoic acid (RA) and performed functional validations in colon biopsies of HIV-infected individuals receiving ART (HIV+ART). Although both CCR6+ and CCR6- T cells acquired gut-homing markers upon RA exposure, the modulation of unique sets of genes coincided with preferential HIV-1 replication in RA-treated CCR6+ T cells. This molecular signature included the upregulation of HIV-dependency factors acting at entry/postentry levels, such as the CCR5 and PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 signaling pathways. Of note, mTOR expression/phosphorylation was distinctively induced by RA in CCR6+ T cells. Consistently, mTOR inhibitors counteracted the effect of RA on HIV replication in vitro and viral reactivation in CD4+ T cells from HIV+ART individuals via postentry mechanisms independent of CCR5. Finally, CCR6+ versus CCR6- T cells infiltrating the colons of HIV+ART individuals expressed unique molecular signatures, including higher levels of CCR5, integrin β7, and mTOR phosphorylation. Together, our results identify mTOR as a druggable key regulator of HIV permissiveness in gut-homing CCR6+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Planas
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Département of microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Faculté de Médecine, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Département of microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Faculté de Médecine, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Patricia Monteiro
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Département of microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Faculté de Médecine, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Annie Gosselin
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Grandvaux
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Faculté de Médecine, Département of biochimie et médecine moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Thomas J. Hope
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Chronic Viral Illness Service and Research Institute and
- Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Petronela Ancuta
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Département of microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Faculté de Médecine, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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125
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Volchenkov R, Nygaard V, Sener Z, Skålhegg BS. Th17 Polarization under Hypoxia Results in Increased IL-10 Production in a Pathogen-Independent Manner. Front Immunol 2017; 8:698. [PMID: 28674533 PMCID: PMC5474482 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The IL-17-producing CD4+ T helper cell (Th17) differentiation is affected by stimulation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway and by hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α). In some cases, Th17 become non-pathogenic and produce IL-10. However, the initiating events triggering this phenotype are yet to be fully understood. Here, we show that such cells may be differentiated at low oxygen and regardless of AhR ligand treatment such as cigarette smoke extract. Hypoxia led to marked alterations of the transcriptome of IL-10-producing Th17 cells affecting genes involved in metabolic, anti-apoptotic, cell cycle, and T cell functional pathways. Moreover, we show that oxygen regulates the expression of CD52, which is a cell surface protein that has been shown to suppress the activation of other T cells upon release. Taken together, these findings suggest a novel ability for Th17 cells to regulate immune responses in vivo in an oxygen-dependent fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Volchenkov
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vegard Nygaard
- Department of Core Facilities, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital HF - Radiumhospitalet, Montebello, Oslo, Norway
| | - Zeynep Sener
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Steen Skålhegg
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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126
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Tao Z, Li S, Ichim TE, Yang J, Riordan N, Yenugonda V, Babic I, Kesari S. Cellular immunotherapy of cancer: an overview and future directions. Immunotherapy 2017; 9:589-606. [DOI: 10.2217/imt-2016-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical success of checkpoint inhibitors has led to a renaissance of interest in cancer immunotherapies. In particular, the possibility of ex vivo expanding autologous lymphocytes that specifically recognize tumor cells has attracted much research and clinical trial interest. In this review, we discuss the historical background of tumor immunotherapy using cell-based approaches, and provide some rationale for overcoming current barriers to success of autologous immunotherapy. An overview of adoptive transfer of lymphocytes, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and dendritic cell therapies is provided. We conclude with discussing the possibility of gene-manipulating immune cells in order to augment therapeutic activity, including silencing of the immune-suppressive zinc finger orphan nuclear receptor, NR2F6, as an attractive means of overcoming tumor-associated immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Tao
- The Affiliated XuZhou Center Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated XuZhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | | | - Junbao Yang
- Department of Translational Neurosciences and Neurotherapeutics, Pacific Neuroscience Institute, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John’s Health Center, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
| | - Neil Riordan
- Medistem Panama, Inc., City of Knowledge, Clayton, Republic of Panama
| | - Venkata Yenugonda
- Department of Translational Neurosciences and Neurotherapeutics, Pacific Neuroscience Institute, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John’s Health Center, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
| | - Ivan Babic
- Department of Translational Neurosciences and Neurotherapeutics, Pacific Neuroscience Institute, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John’s Health Center, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
| | - Santosh Kesari
- Department of Translational Neurosciences and Neurotherapeutics, Pacific Neuroscience Institute, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John’s Health Center, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
- John Wayne Cancer Institute, 2200 Santa Monica Blvd, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
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Lee EJ, Kwon JE, Park MJ, Jung KA, Kim DS, Kim EK, Lee SH, Choi JY, Park SH, Cho ML. Ursodeoxycholic acid attenuates experimental autoimmune arthritis by targeting Th17 and inducing pAMPK and transcriptional corepressor SMILE. Immunol Lett 2017; 188:1-8. [PMID: 28539269 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has been known that UDCA has prominent effects on liver, however, there is little known about its influence on autoimmune disease. Here, the benefit of UDCA on arthritis rheumatoid (RA) in vivo was tested. METHODS RA mouse were induced using collagen II (CIA, collagen induced arthritis) where the disease severity or UDCA-related signaling pathway such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) or small heterodimer partner interacting leucine zipper protein (SMILE) was evaluated by westerblot and immunohistochemical staining. Gene expression was measured by realtime-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS The administration of UDCA effectively alleviated the arthritic score and incidence with decreased cartilage damage and lipid metabolic parameters. UDCA also suppressed the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. It was confirmed that UDCA upregulated the expression of SMILE and transcriptional activity of PPARγ via controlling AMPK or p38 activity. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, the therapeutic effect of UDCA inducing SMILE through AMPK activation in rheumatoid arthritis mouse as well as other autoimmune disease was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Lee
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Institutes of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea; Laboratory of Immune Network, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Kwon
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Institutes of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea; Laboratory of Immune Network, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Jung Park
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Institutes of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea; Laboratory of Immune Network, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Ah Jung
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Institutes of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea; IMPACT Biotech, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Da-Som Kim
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Institutes of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea; Laboratory of Immune Network, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Kim
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Institutes of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea; Laboratory of Immune Network, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hoon Lee
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Institutes of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea; Laboratory of Immune Network, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Young Choi
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Park
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Institutes of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea; Laboratory of Immune Network, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea; IMPACT Biotech, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi-La Cho
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Institutes of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea; Laboratory of Immune Network, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea; IMPACT Biotech, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
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De Rosa V, Di Rella F, Di Giacomo A, Matarese G. Regulatory T cells as suppressors of anti-tumor immunity: Role of metabolism. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2017; 35:15-25. [PMID: 28442214 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Novel concepts in immunometabolism support the hypothesis that glucose consumption is also used to modulate anti-tumor immune responses, favoring growth and expansion of specific cellular subsets defined in the past as suppressor T cells and currently reborn as regulatory T (Treg) cells. During the 1920s, Otto Warburg and colleagues observed that tumors consumed high amounts of glucose compared to normal tissues, even in the presence of oxygen and completely functioning mitochondria. However, the role of the Warburg Effect is still not completely understood, particularly in the context of an ongoing anti-tumor immune response. Current experimental evidence suggests that tumor-derived metabolic restrictions can drive T cell hyporesponsiveness and immune tolerance. For example, several glycolytic enzymes, deregulated in cancer, contribute to tumor progression independently from their canonical metabolic activity. Indeed, they can control apoptosis, gene expression and activation of specific intracellular pathways, thus suggesting a direct link between metabolic switches and pro-tumorigenic transcriptional programs. Focus of this review is to define the specific metabolic pathways controlling Treg cell immunobiology in the context of anti-tumor immunity and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica De Rosa
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Napoli, Italy.
| | - Francesca Di Rella
- Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Senologia, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Giacomo
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Napoli, Italy; Unità Operativa Complessa di Patologia Clinica, Azienda Ospedaliera dei Colli "V. Monaldi", Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Napoli, Italy; Treg cell Lab, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy.
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129
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Endo Y, Yokote K, Nakayama T. The obesity-related pathology and Th17 cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:1231-1245. [PMID: 27757507 PMCID: PMC11107749 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2399-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation associated with obesity plays a major role in the development of metabolic diseases, cancer, and autoimmune diseases. Among Th subsets, Th17 cells are involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, steroid-resistant asthma, and multiple sclerosis. Accumulating data suggest that reciprocal interactions between the metabolic systems and immune system play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated diseases. We herein outline the developing principles in the control of T cell differentiation and function via their cellular metabolism. Also discussed are recent findings that changes in the intracellular metabolism, including fatty acid metabolism, affect the Th17 cell function in obese individuals. Finally, we will also highlight the unique molecular mechanism involved in the activation of retinoid-related orphan receptor-gamma-t (RORγt) by intracellular metabolism and discuss a new therapeutic approach for treating autoimmune disorders through the inhibition of RORγt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Endo
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Toshinori Nakayama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
- AMED-CREST, AMED, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
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130
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Yang H, Xiao L, Wang N. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α ligands and modulators from dietary compounds: Types, screening methods and functions. J Diabetes 2017; 9:341-352. [PMID: 27863018 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) plays a key role in lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis and a crucial role in the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases. Natural dietary compounds, including nutrients and phytochemicals, are PPARα ligands or modulators. High-throughput screening assays have been developed to screen for PPARα ligands and modulators in our diet. In the present review, we discuss recent advances in our knowledge of PPARα, including its structure, function, and ligand and modulator screening assays, and summarize the different types of dietary PPARα ligands and modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Yang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Xiao
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nanping Wang
- The Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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131
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Chen T, Tibbitt CA, Feng X, Stark JM, Rohrbeck L, Rausch L, Sedimbi SK, Karlsson MCI, Lambrecht BN, Karlsson Hedestam GB, Hendriks RW, Chambers BJ, Nylén S, Coquet JM. PPAR-γ promotes type 2 immune responses in allergy and nematode infection. Sci Immunol 2017; 2:2/9/eaal5196. [PMID: 28783701 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aal5196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A hallmark of immunity to worm infections and many allergies is a strong type 2 immune response. This is characterized by the production of cytokines interleukin-5 (IL-5) and IL-13 by adaptive T helper 2 (TH2) cells and/or type 2 innate lymphoid cells. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) is typically regarded as an anti-inflammatory factor. We report that TH2 cells express high levels of PPAR-γ in response to the allergen house dust mite and after infection with the parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus Mice lacking PPAR-γ in T cells failed to effectively differentiate into IL-5- and IL-13-secreting cells and, hence, did not develop TH2 cell-associated pathologies, including goblet cell metaplasia and eosinophilia, in response to allergen challenge. Furthermore, these mice could not mount protective immune responses to nematode infection. In addition, mice lacking PPAR-γ in T cells had greatly reduced frequencies of TH2 cells in visceral adipose tissue. Mechanistically, PPAR-γ appeared to promote the expression of the IL-33 receptor on the surface of TH2 cells. These results pinpoint PPAR-γ as a factor that drives type 2 responses in allergy, worm infection, and visceral adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Christopher A Tibbitt
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Xiaogang Feng
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Julian M Stark
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Leona Rohrbeck
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Lisa Rausch
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Saikiran K Sedimbi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Mikael C I Karlsson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent 9052B, Belgium.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent 9000, Belgium.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Rudi W Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Benedict J Chambers
- Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine, F59, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Susanne Nylén
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Jonathan M Coquet
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden.
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Fujii U, Miyahara N, Taniguchi A, Oda N, Morichika D, Murakami E, Nakayama H, Waseda K, Kataoka M, Kakuta H, Tanimoto M, Kanehiro A. Effect of a retinoid X receptor partial agonist on airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in a murine model of asthma. Respir Res 2017; 18:23. [PMID: 28114934 PMCID: PMC5260083 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0507-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Retinoid X receptors (RXRs) are members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily that mediate signaling by 9-cis retinoic acid, a vitamin A (retinol) derivative. RXRs play key roles not only as homodimers but also as heterodimeric partners—e.g., retinoic acid receptors (RARs), vitamin D receptors (VDRs), liver X receptors (LXRs), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). The NR family was recently associated with allergic diseases, but the role of RXRs in allergen-induced airway responses is not well defined. The goal of this study is to elucidate the role of RXRs in asthma pathogenesis and the potency of RXR partial agonist in the treatment of allergic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness using a murine model of asthma. Methods We investigated the effect of a novel RXR partial agonist (NEt-4IB) on the development of allergic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in a murine model of asthma. Balb/c mice were sensitized (days 0 and 14) and challenged (days 28–30) with ovalbumin (OVA), and airway inflammation and airway responses were monitored 48 h after the last OVA challenge. NEt-4IB was administered orally on days 25 to 32. Results Oral administration of NEt-4IB significantly suppressed AHR and inflammatory cell accumulation in the airways and attenuated the levels of TNF-α in the lung and IL-5, IL-13 and NO levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and the number of periodic acid Schiff (PAS)-positive goblet cells in lung tissue. Treatment with NEt-4IB also significantly suppressed NF-κB expression. Conclusion These data suggest that RXRs may be of crucial importance in the mechanism of allergic asthma and that the novel RXR partial agonist NEt-4IB may be a promising candidate for the treatment of allergic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in a model of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utako Fujii
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Miyahara
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Akihiko Taniguchi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Naohiro Oda
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Daisuke Morichika
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Etsuko Murakami
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hikari Nakayama
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Koichi Waseda
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Mikio Kataoka
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kakuta
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Mitsune Tanimoto
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Arihiko Kanehiro
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
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Fatty acid metabolic reprogramming via mTOR-mediated inductions of PPARγ directs early activation of T cells. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13683. [PMID: 27901044 PMCID: PMC5141517 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To fulfil the bioenergetic requirements for increased cell size and clonal expansion, activated T cells reprogramme their metabolic signatures from energetically quiescent to activated. However, the molecular mechanisms and essential components controlling metabolic reprogramming in T cells are not well understood. Here, we show that the mTORC1–PPARγ pathway is crucial for the fatty acid uptake programme in activated CD4+ T cells. This pathway is required for full activation and rapid proliferation of naive and memory CD4+ T cells. PPARγ directly binds and induces genes associated with fatty acid uptake in CD4+ T cells in both mice and humans. The PPARγ-dependent fatty acid uptake programme is critical for metabolic reprogramming. Thus, we provide important mechanistic insights into the metabolic reprogramming mechanisms that govern the expression of key enzymes, fatty acid metabolism and the acquisition of an activated phenotype during CD4+ T cell activation. PPARγ promotes free fatty acid uptake and also has a role in T cell regulation. Here the authors show that mTORC1-PPARγ signalling is needed for fatty acid uptake by activated CD4+ T cells and for clonal expansion of these cells.
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Therapeutic Treatment of Arthritic Mice with 15-Deoxy Δ 12,14-Prostaglandin J 2 (15d-PGJ 2) Ameliorates Disease through the Suppression of Th17 Cells and the Induction of CD4 +CD25 -FOXP3 + Cells. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:9626427. [PMID: 27872515 PMCID: PMC5107840 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9626427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The prostaglandin, 15-deoxy Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2), is a lipid mediator that plays an important role in the control of chronic inflammatory disease. However, the role of prostanoid in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is not well determined. We demonstrated the therapeutic effect of 15d-PGJ2 in an experimental model of arthritis. Daily administration of 15d-PGJ2 attenuated the severity of CIA, reducing the clinical score, pain, and edema. 15d-PGJ2 treatment was associated with a marked reduction in joint levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Although the mRNA expression of ROR-γt was profoundly reduced, FOXP3 was enhanced in draining lymph node cells from 15d-PGJ2-treated arthritic mice. The specific and polyclonal CD4+ Th17 cell responses were limited during the addition of prostaglandin to cell culture. Moreover, in vitro 15d-PGJ2 increased the expression of FOXP3, GITR, and CTLA-4 in the CD4+CD25− population, suggesting the induction of Tregs on conventional T cells. Prostanoid addition to CD4+CD25− cells selectively suppressed Th17 differentiation and promoted the enhancement of FOXP3 under polarization conditions. Thus, 15d-PGJ2 ameliorated symptoms of collagen-induced arthritis by regulating Th17 differentiation, concomitant with the induction of Tregs, and, consequently, protected mice from diseases aggravation. Altogether, these results indicate that 15d-PGJ2 may represent a potential therapeutic strategy in RA.
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135
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Shiri-Shahsavar MR, Mirshafiee A, Parastouei K, Ebrahimi-Kalan A, Yekaninejad S, Soleymani F, Chahardoli R, Mazaheri Nezhad Fard R, Saboor-Yaraghi AA. A Novel Combination of Docosahexaenoic Acid, All-Trans Retinoic Acid, and 1, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Reduces T-Bet Gene Expression, Serum Interferon Gamma, and Clinical Scores but Promotes PPARγ Gene Expression in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 60:498-508. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0834-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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136
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Maganti AV, Tersey SA, Syed F, Nelson JB, Colvin SC, Maier B, Mirmira RG. Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor-γ Activation Augments the β-Cell Unfolded Protein Response and Rescues Early Glycemic Deterioration and β Cell Death in Non-obese Diabetic Mice. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:22524-22533. [PMID: 27613867 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.741694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder that is characterized by a failure of the unfolded protein response in islet β cells with subsequent endoplasmic reticulum stress and cellular death. Thiazolidinediones are insulin sensitizers that activate the nuclear receptor PPAR-γ and have been shown to partially ameliorate autoimmune type 1 diabetes in humans and non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. We hypothesized that thiazolidinediones reduce β cell stress and death independently of insulin sensitivity. To test this hypothesis, female NOD mice were administered pioglitazone during the pre-diabetic phase and assessed for insulin sensitivity and β cell function relative to controls. Pioglitazone-treated mice showed identical weight gain, body fat distribution, and insulin sensitivity compared with controls. However, treated mice showed significantly improved glucose tolerance with enhanced serum insulin levels, reduced β cell death, and increased β cell mass. The effect of pioglitazone was independent of actions on T cells, as pancreatic lymph node T cell populations were unaltered and T cell proliferation was unaffected by pioglitazone. Isolated islets of treated mice showed a more robust unfolded protein response, with increases in Bip and ATF4 and reductions in spliced Xbp1 mRNA. The effect of pioglitazone appears to be a direct action on β cells, as islets from mice treated with pioglitazone showed reductions in PPAR-γ (Ser-273) phosphorylation. Our results demonstrate that PPAR-γ activation directly improves β cell function and survival in NOD mice by enhancing the unfolded protein response and suggest that blockade of PPAR-γ (Ser-273) phosphorylation may prevent type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarthi V Maganti
- From the Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology.,Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases
| | - Sarah A Tersey
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases.,Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center
| | - Farooq Syed
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center
| | | | - Stephanie C Colvin
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases.,Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center
| | - Bernhard Maier
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases.,Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- From the Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, .,Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases.,Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center.,Department of Medicine, and.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202 and.,Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
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137
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Hucke S, Herold M, Liebmann M, Freise N, Lindner M, Fleck AK, Zenker S, Thiebes S, Fernandez-Orth J, Buck D, Luessi F, Meuth SG, Zipp F, Hemmer B, Engel DR, Roth J, Kuhlmann T, Wiendl H, Klotz L. The farnesoid-X-receptor in myeloid cells controls CNS autoimmunity in an IL-10-dependent fashion. Acta Neuropathol 2016; 132:413-31. [PMID: 27383204 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-016-1593-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Innate immune responses by myeloid cells decisively contribute to perpetuation of central nervous system (CNS) autoimmunity and their pharmacologic modulation represents a promising strategy to prevent disease progression in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Based on our observation that peripheral immune cells from relapsing-remitting and primary progressive MS patients exhibited strongly decreased levels of the bile acid receptor FXR (farnesoid-X-receptor, NR1H4), we evaluated its potential relevance as therapeutic target for control of established CNS autoimmunity. Pharmacological FXR activation promoted generation of anti-inflammatory macrophages characterized by arginase-1, increased IL-10 production, and suppression of T cell responses. In mice, FXR activation ameliorated CNS autoimmunity in an IL-10-dependent fashion and even suppressed advanced clinical disease upon therapeutic administration. In analogy to rodents, pharmacological FXR activation in human monocytes from healthy controls and MS patients induced an anti-inflammatory phenotype with suppressive properties including control of effector T cell proliferation. We therefore, propose an important role of FXR in control of T cell-mediated autoimmunity by promoting anti-inflammatory macrophage responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Hucke
- Department of Neurology, University of Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Martin Herold
- Department of Neurology, University of Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Marie Liebmann
- Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Nicole Freise
- Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Maren Lindner
- Department of Neurology, University of Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Ann-Katrin Fleck
- Department of Neurology, University of Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Stefanie Zenker
- Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Stephanie Thiebes
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Juncal Fernandez-Orth
- Department of Neurology, University of Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Dorothea Buck
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Luessi
- Department of Neurology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology, University of Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Muenster, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Cells in Motion, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Frauke Zipp
- Department of Neurology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hemmer
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Robert Engel
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Roth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Tanja Kuhlmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Heinz Wiendl
- Department of Neurology, University of Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Muenster, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Cells in Motion, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Luisa Klotz
- Department of Neurology, University of Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Muenster, Germany.
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138
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Wacleche VS, Goulet JP, Gosselin A, Monteiro P, Soudeyns H, Fromentin R, Jenabian MA, Vartanian S, Deeks SG, Chomont N, Routy JP, Ancuta P. New insights into the heterogeneity of Th17 subsets contributing to HIV-1 persistence during antiretroviral therapy. Retrovirology 2016; 13:59. [PMID: 27553844 PMCID: PMC4995622 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-016-0293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Th17 cells are permissive to HIV-1 infection and their depletion from the gut of infected individuals leads to microbial translocation, a major cause for non-AIDS co-morbidities. Most recent evidence supports the contribution of long-lived Th17 cells to HIV persistence during antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, the identity of long-lived Th17 cells remains unknown. RESULTS Here, we performed an in-depth transcriptional and functional characterization of four distinct Th17 subsets and investigated their contribution to HIV reservoir persistence during ART. In addition to the previously characterized CCR6(+)CCR4(+) (Th17) and CCR6(+)CXCR3(+) (Th1Th17) subsets, we reveal the existence of two novel CCR6(+) subsets, lacking (double negative, CCR6(+)DN) or co-expressing CXCR3 and CCR4 (double positive, CCR6(+)DP). The four subsets shared multiple Th17-polarization markers, a fraction of cells proliferated in response to C. albicans, and exhibited lineage commitment and plasticity when cultured under Th17 and Th1 conditions, respectively. Of note, fractions of CCR6(+)DN and Th17 demonstrated stable Th17-lineage commitment under Th1-polarization conditions. Among the four subsets, CCR6(+)DN expressed a unique transcriptional signature indicative of early Th17 development (IL-17F, STAT3), lymph-node homing (CCR7, CD62L), follicular help (CXCR5, BCL6, ASCL2), and self-renewal (LEFI, MYC, TERC). Cross sectional and longitudinal studies demonstrated that CCR6(+)DN cells were the most predominant CCR6(+) subset in the blood before and after ART initiation; high frequencies of these cells were similarly observed in inguinal lymph nodes of individuals receiving long-term ART. Importantly, replication competent HIV was isolated from CCR6(+)DN of ART-treated individuals. CONCLUSIONS Together, these results provide new insights into the functional heterogeneity of Th17-polarized CCR6(+)CD4(+) T-cells and support the major contribution of CCR6(+)DN cells to HIV persistence during ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Sue Wacleche
- Département of Microbiologie, Infectiologie Et immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Centre de recherche du CHUM, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, R09.416, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | | | - Annie Gosselin
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, R09.416, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Patricia Monteiro
- Département of Microbiologie, Infectiologie Et immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Centre de recherche du CHUM, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, R09.416, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Hugo Soudeyns
- Département of Microbiologie, Infectiologie Et immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Unité d'immunopathologie virale, Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rémi Fromentin
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, R09.416, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Mohammad-Ali Jenabian
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shant Vartanian
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steven G Deeks
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicolas Chomont
- Département of Microbiologie, Infectiologie Et immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Centre de recherche du CHUM, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, R09.416, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Chronic Viral Illness Service and Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Petronela Ancuta
- Département of Microbiologie, Infectiologie Et immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Centre de recherche du CHUM, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, R09.416, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada.
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139
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Park HJ, Park HS, Lee JU, Bothwell ALM, Choi JM. Sex-Based Selectivity of PPARγ Regulation in Th1, Th2, and Th17 Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081347. [PMID: 27548145 PMCID: PMC5000743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) has recently been recognized to regulate adaptive immunity through Th17 differentiation, Treg functions, and TFH responses. However, its role in adaptive immunity and autoimmune disease is still not clear, possibly due to sexual differences. Here, we investigated in vitro treatment study with the PPARγ agonist pioglitazone to compare Th1, Th2, and Th17 differentiation in male and female mouse splenic T cells. Pioglitazone treatment significantly inhibited various effector T cell differentiations including Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells from female naïve T cells, but it selectively reduced IL-17 production in male Th17 differentiation. Interestingly, pioglitazone and estradiol (E2) co-treatment of T cells in males inhibited differentiation of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, suggesting a mechanism for the greater sensitivity of PPARγ to ligand treatment in the regulation of effector T cell differentiation in females. Collectively, these results demonstrate that PPARγ selectively inhibits Th17 differentiation only in male T cells and modulates Th1, Th2, and Th17 differentiation in female T cells based on different level of estrogen exposure. Accordingly, PPARγ could be an important immune regulator of sexual differences in adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jai Park
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
| | - Hyeon-Soo Park
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
| | - Jae-Ung Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
| | - Alfred L M Bothwell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Je-Min Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Korea.
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140
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Zhang K, Guo Y, Ge Z, Zhang Z, Da Y, Li W, Zhang Z, Xue Z, Li Y, Ren Y, Jia L, Chan KH, Yang F, Yan J, Yao Z, Xu A, Zhang R. Adiponectin Suppresses T Helper 17 Cell Differentiation and Limits Autoimmune CNS Inflammation via the SIRT1/PPARγ/RORγt Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:4908-4920. [PMID: 27514756 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0036-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
T helper 17 (Th17) cells are vital components of the adaptive immune system involved in the pathogenesis of most autoimmune and inflammatory syndromes, and adiponectin(ADN) is correlated with inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and type II diabetes. However, the regulatory effects of adiponectin on pathogenic Th17 cell and Th17-mediated autoimmune central nervous system (CNS) inflammation are not fully understood. In this study, we demonstrated that ADN could inhibit Th1 and Th17 but not Th2 cells differentiation in vitro. In the in vivo study, we demonstrated that ADN deficiency promoted CNS inflammation and demyelination and exacerbated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of human MS. Furthermore, ADN deficiency increased the Th1 and Th17 cell cytokines of both the peripheral immune system and CNS in mice suffering from EAE. It is worth mentioning that ADN deficiency predominantly promoted the antigen-specific Th17 cells response in autoimmune encephalomyelitis. In addition, in vitro and in vivo, ADN upregulated sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and inhibited retinoid-related orphan receptor-γt (RORγt); the key transcription factor during Th17 cell differentiation. These results systematically uncovered the role and mechanism of adiponectin on pathogenic Th17 cells and suggested that adiponectin could inhibit Th17 cell-mediated autoimmune CNS inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.,Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yawei Guo
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhenzhen Ge
- Department of Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yurong Da
- Department of Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Zimu Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Zhenyi Xue
- Department of Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yinghui Ren
- Department of Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Long Jia
- Department of Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Koon-Ho Chan
- State Key laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, and Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fengrui Yang
- Department of Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Tianjin Animal Science and Veterinary Research Institute, Tianjin, 300381, China
| | - Zhi Yao
- Department of Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, and Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rongxin Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China. .,Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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141
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Post-translational regulation of RORγt—A therapeutic target for the modulation of interleukin-17-mediated responses in autoimmune diseases. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2016; 30:1-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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142
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Wang Y, Wang LL, Yang HY, Wang FF, Zhang XX, Bai YP. Interleukin-21 is associated with the severity of psoriasis vulgaris through promoting CD4+ T cells to differentiate into Th17 cells. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:3188-3196. [PMID: 27508040 PMCID: PMC4969456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-21 (IL-21) and T helper 17 (Th17) cells are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, but little is known about their relationship in psoriasis. Herein, we investigated whether IL-21 could regulate Th17 cell induction in patients with psoriasis vulgaris. 32 patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 13 healthy controls were recruited. Flow cytometry was used to detect the frequencies of cells mainly secreting IL-21 (including IL-21+CD4+ T and IL-21+ Th17 cells) and Th17 cells. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the serum content of IL-21. Severity of the psoriasis was evaluated by a Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score. In addition, the differentiation of CD4+ T cells with IL-21 and the different frequencies of IL-21+CD4+ T cells, IL-21+ Th17 cells and Th17 cells were assessed, as were serum levels of IL-21 in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis before and after treatment. Our results showed that the levels of IL-21, IL-21+CD4+ T cells, IL-21+ Th17 cells and Th17 cells were significantly increased in patients and positively associated with PASI score (P < 0.01). Moreover, the levels of IL-21, IL-21+CD4+ T cells and IL-21+ Th17 cells were positively correlated with the frequency of Th17 cells (P < 0.01). In vitro experiments demonstrated that IL-21 could promote CD4+ T cells to differentiate into Th17 cells. After a 4-week treatment of acitretin and a topical therapy, all the immune markers observed in patients decreased significantly (P < 0.01), but the levels remained higher than those in healthy controls (P < 0.01). These findings indicate that IL-21 might promote Th17 cell induction in psoriasis and might be a potential immune marker for targeting this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Clinical Institute of China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology, China-Japan Friendship HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Li-Li Wang
- Clinical Institute of China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology, China-Japan Friendship HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Hao-Yu Yang
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology, China-Japan Friendship HospitalBeijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Fei-Fei Wang
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology, China-Japan Friendship HospitalBeijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Xue-Xiu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yan-Ping Bai
- Clinical Institute of China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology, China-Japan Friendship HospitalBeijing, China
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143
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Gender-specific differences in PPARγ regulation of follicular helper T cell responses with estrogen. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28495. [PMID: 27335315 PMCID: PMC4917844 DOI: 10.1038/srep28495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), a master regulator of adipocyte differentiation, has recently been connected with effector T cells, though its role is still not clear. Here, we investigated the roles of PPARγ in follicular helper T (TFH) cell responses regarding gender specificity. NP-OVA immunization in female but not male CD4-PPARγKO mice induced higher proportions of TFH cells and germinal center (GC) B cells following immunization than were seen in wild type mice. Treatment with the PPARγ agonist pioglitazone significantly reduced TFH cell responses in female mice while pioglitazone and estradiol (E2) co-treatment ameliorated TFH cells and GC responses in male mice. E2 treatment significantly enhanced PPARγ expression in male T cells, while T cell activation in the estrus but not in the diestrus stage of the menstrual cycle of females was inhibited by pioglitazone, suggesting that an estrogen-sufficient environment is important for PPARγ-mediated T cell regulation. These results demonstrate gender-based differences in sensitivities of PPARγ in TFH responses. These findings suggest that appropriate function of PPARγ is required in the regulation of female GC responses and that therapeutic strategies for autoimmune diseases using PPARγ agonists need to be tailored accordingly.
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144
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Park BV, Pan F. The role of nuclear receptors in regulation of Th17/Treg biology and its implications for diseases. Cell Mol Immunol 2016; 12:533-42. [PMID: 25958843 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2015.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors in the cell play essential roles in environmental sensing, differentiation, development, homeostasis,and metabolism and are thus highly conserved across multiple species. The anti-inflammatory role of nuclear receptors in immune cells has recently gained recognition. Nuclear receptors play critical roles in both myeloid and lymphoid cells, particularly in helper CD41 T-cell type 17 (Th17) and regulatory T cells (Treg). Th17 and Treg are closely related cell fates that are determined by orchestrated cytokine signaling. Recent studies have emphasized the interactions between nuclear receptors and the known cytokine signals and how such interaction affects Th17/Treg development and function.This review will focus on the most recent discoveries concerning the roles of nuclear receptors in the context of therapeutic applications in autoimmune diseases.
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145
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Quantitative PPARγ expression affects the balance between tolerance and immunity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26646. [PMID: 27221351 PMCID: PMC4879582 DOI: 10.1038/srep26646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PPARγ modulates energy metabolism and inflammation. However, its specific functions in the balance of immunity in vivo have been explored incompletely. In this study, by the age of 14 mo, PpargC/− mice with PPARγ expression at 25% of the normal level exhibited high autoantibody levels and developed mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, which resembled systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-like autoimmune disease. These symptoms were preceded by splenomegaly at an early age, which was associated with increases in splenocyte accumulation and B-cell activation but not with relocation of hematopoiesis to the spleen. The mechanism of splenic lymphocyte accumulation involved reduced sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) expression and diminished migration toward S1P in the PpargC/− splenocytes, which impeded lymphocyte egression. Mechanistically, increased Th17 polarization and IL-17 signaling in the PpargC/− CD4+ T cells contributed to B-cell hyperactivation in the spleen. Finally, the activation of the remaining PPARγ in PpargC/− mice by pioglitazone increased S1P1 levels, reduced the Th17 population in the spleen, and ameliorated splenomegaly. Taken together, our data demonstrated that reduction of Pparg expression in T-helper cells is critical for spontaneous SLE-like autoimmune disease development; we also revealed a novel function of PPARγ in lymphocyte trafficking and cross talk between Th17 and B cells.
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Aggelakopoulou M, Kourepini E, Paschalidis N, Panoutsakopoulou V. ERβ in CD4+ T Cells Is Crucial for Ligand-Mediated Suppression of Central Nervous System Autoimmunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:4947-56. [PMID: 27183630 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of therapies for multiple sclerosis targeting pathogenic T cell responses remains imperative. Previous studies have shown that estrogen receptor (ER) β ligands could inhibit experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. However, the effects of ERβ-specific ligands on human or murine pathogenic immune cells, such as Th17, were not investigated. In this article, we show that the synthetic ERβ-specific ligand 4-(2-phenyl-5,7-bis[trifluoromethyl]pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)phenol (PHTPP) reversed established paralysis and CNS inflammation, characterized by a dramatic suppression of pathogenic Th responses as well as induction of IL-10-producing regulatory CD4(+) T cell subsets in vivo. Moreover, administration of PHTPP in symptomatic mice induced regulatory CD4(+) T cells that were suppressive in vivo. PHTPP-mediated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis amelioration was canceled in mice with ERβ-deficient CD4(+) T cells only, indicating that expression of ERβ by these cells is crucial for the observed therapeutic effect. Importantly, synthetic ERβ-specific ligands acting directly on CD4(+) T cells suppressed human and mouse Th17 cells, downregulating Th17 cell signature gene expression and expanding IL-10-producing T cells among them. TGF-β1 and aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation enhanced the ERβ ligand-mediated expansion of IL-10-producing T cells among Th17 cells. In addition, these ERβ-specific ligands promoted the induction and maintenance of Foxp3(+) T regulatory cells, as well as their in vitro suppressive function. Thus, ERβ-specific ligands targeting pathogenic Th17 cells and inducing functional regulatory cells represent a promising subset of therapeutic agents for multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Aggelakopoulou
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens 115 27, Greece
| | - Evangelia Kourepini
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens 115 27, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Paschalidis
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens 115 27, Greece
| | - Vily Panoutsakopoulou
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens 115 27, Greece
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147
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Wang R, Solt LA. Metabolism of murine TH 17 cells: Impact on cell fate and function. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:807-16. [PMID: 26893133 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An effective adaptive immune response relies on the ability of lymphocytes to rapidly act upon a variety of insults. In T lymphocytes, this response includes cell growth, clonal expansion, differentiation, and cytokine production, all of which place a significant energy burden on the cell. Recent evidence shows that T-cell metabolic reprogramming is an essential component of the adaptive immune response and specific metabolic pathways dictate T-cell fate decisions, including the development of TH 17 versus T regulatory (Treg) cells. TH 17 cells have garnered significant attention due to their roles in the pathology of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Attempts to characterize TH 17 cells have demonstrated that they are highly dynamic, adjusting their function to environmental cues, which dictate their metabolic program. In this review, we highlight recent data demonstrating the impact of cellular metabolism on the TH 17/Treg balance and present factors that mediate TH 17-cell metabolism. Some examples of these include the differential impact of the mTOR signaling complexes on T-helper-cell differentiation, hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α) promotion of glycolysis to favor TH 17-cell development, and ACC1-dependent de novo fatty acid synthesis favoring TH 17-cell development over Treg cells. Finally, we discuss the potential therapeutic options and the implications of modulating TH 17-cell metabolism for the treatment of TH 17-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wang
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Laura A Solt
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
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148
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Nakanishi T, Anraku M, Suzuki R, Kono T, Erickson L, Kawahara S. Novel immunomodulatory effects of phytanic acid and its related substances in mice. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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149
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Yousefi M, Movassaghpour AA, Shamsasenjan K, Ghalamfarsa G, Sadreddini S, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Hojjat-Farsangi M. The skewed balance between Tregs and Th17 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Future Oncol 2016; 11:1567-82. [PMID: 25963433 DOI: 10.2217/fon.14.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While Tregs maintain self-tolerance and inhibit antitumor responses, T helper (Th)17 cells may enhance inflammatory and antitumor responses. The balance between these two important T-cell subsets has been skewed in many immunopathologic conditions such as autoimmune and cancer diseases. B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common form of leukemia in the western world and is characterized with monoclonal expansion of B lymphocytes. There is evidence which implies that the progression of CLL is associated with expansion of Treg and downregulation of Th17 cells. In this review, we will discuss about immunobiology of Treg and Th17 cells and their role in immunopathogenesis of CLL as well as their reciprocal changes during disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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150
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Barlow JD, Morrey ME, Hartzler RU, Arsoy D, Riester S, van Wijnen AJ, Morrey BF, Sanchez-Sotelo J, Abdel MP. Effectiveness of rosiglitazone in reducing flexion contracture in a rabbit model of arthrofibrosis with surgical capsular release: A biomechanical, histological, and genetic analysis. Bone Joint Res 2016; 5:11-7. [PMID: 26813567 PMCID: PMC5009236 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.51.2000593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Animal models have been developed that allow simulation of post-traumatic joint contracture. One such model involves contracture-forming surgery followed by surgical capsular release. This model allows testing of antifibrotic agents, such as rosiglitazone. METHODS A total of 20 rabbits underwent contracture-forming surgery. Eight weeks later, the animals underwent a surgical capsular release. Ten animals received rosiglitazone (intramuscular initially, then orally). The animals were sacrificed following 16 weeks of free cage mobilisation. The joints were tested biomechanically, and the posterior capsule was assessed histologically and via genetic microarray analysis. RESULTS There was no significant difference in post-traumatic contracture between the rosiglitazone and control groups (33° (standard deviation (sd) 11) vs 37° (sd14), respectively; p = 0.4). There was no difference in number or percentage of myofibroblasts. Importantly, there were ten genes and 17 pathways that were significantly modulated by rosiglitazone in the posterior capsule. DISCUSSION Rosiglitazone significantly altered the genetic expression of the posterior capsular tissue in a rabbit model, with ten genes and 17 pathways demonstrating significant modulation. However, there was no significant effect on biomechanical or histological properties.Cite this article: M. P. Abdel. Effectiveness of rosiglitazone in reducing flexion contracture in a rabbit model of arthrofibrosis with surgical capsular release: A biomechanical, histological, and genetic analysis. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:11-17. doi: 10.1302/2046-3758.51.2000593.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Barlow
- Ohio State Orthopedic Surgery, 915 Olentangy River Rd, Suite 3200 Columbus, OH 43212, USA
| | - M E Morrey
- Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55901, USA
| | - R U Hartzler
- San Antonio Orthopaedic Group and Burkhart Research Institute for Orthopaedics, 150 E. Sonterra Blvd. Suite 300 San Antonio, Texas 78258, USA
| | - D Arsoy
- Stanford University School of Medicine, 450 Broadway St. MC: 6342, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | - S Riester
- Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55901, USA
| | - A J van Wijnen
- Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55901, USA
| | - B F Morrey
- Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55901, USA
| | | | - M P Abdel
- Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55901, USA
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