101
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NOSIL PATRIK. Ernst Mayr and the integration of geographic and ecological factors in speciation. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01091.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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102
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Maan ME, Eshuis B, Haesler MP, Schneider MV, van Alphen JJM, Seehausen O. Color Polymorphism and Predation in a Lake Victoria Cichlid Fish. COPEIA 2008. [DOI: 10.1643/ce-07-114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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103
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A microsatellite-based genetic linkage map of the cichlid fish, Astatotilapia burtoni (Teleostei): a comparison of genomic architectures among rapidly speciating cichlids. Genetics 2008; 182:387-97. [PMID: 18757932 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.108.089367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cichlid fishes compose an astonishingly large number of species and formed species flocks in record-breaking time. To facilitate efficient genome scans and comparisons of cichlid genomes, we constructed a medium-density genetic linkage map of microsatellite markers of Astatotilapia burtoni. The mapping cross was derived from two inbred laboratory lines to obtain F(2) progeny by intercrossing. The map revealed 25 linkage groups spanning 1249.3 cM of the genome (size approximately 950 Mb) with an average marker spacing of 6.12 cM. The seven Hox clusters, ParaHox C1, and two paralogs of Pdgfrbeta were mapped to different linkage groups, thus supporting the hypothesis of a teleost-specific genome duplication. The A. burtoni linkage map was compared to the other two available maps for cichlids using shared markers that showed conservation and synteny among East African cichlid genomes. Interesting candidate genes for cichlid speciation were mapped using SNP markers.
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104
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Delcourt M, Räsänen K, Hendry AP. Genetic and plastic components of divergent male intersexual behavior in Misty lake/stream stickleback. Behav Ecol 2008. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arn084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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105
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Korzan WJ, Robison RR, Zhao S, Fernald RD. Color change as a potential behavioral strategy. Horm Behav 2008; 54:463-70. [PMID: 18586245 PMCID: PMC3019090 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2008.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2008] [Revised: 05/05/2008] [Accepted: 05/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Within species, color morphs may enhance camouflage, improve communication and/or confer reproductive advantage. However, in the male cichlid Astatotilapia burtoni, body color may also signal a behavioral strategy. A. burtoni live in a lek-like social system in Lake Tanganyika, Africa where bright blue or yellow territorial (T) males (together ~10-30% of the population) are reproductively capable and defend territories containing food with a spawning site. In contrast, non-territorial (NT) males are smaller, cryptically colored, shoal with females and have regressed gonads. Importantly, males switch between these social states depending on their success in aggressive encounters. Yellow and blue morphs were thought to be adaptations to particular habitats, but they co-exist both in nature and in the laboratory. Importantly, individual males can switch colors so we asked whether color influences behavioral and hormonal profiles. When pairing territorial males with opposite colored fish, yellow males became dominant over blue males significantly more frequently. Moreover, yellow T males had significantly higher levels of 11-ketotosterone than blue T males while only blue NT males had higher levels of the stress hormone cortisol compared to the other groups. Thus color differences alone predict dominance status and hormone profiles in T males. Since T males can and do change color, this suggests that A. burtoni may use color as a flexible behavioral strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne J Korzan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Neuroscience Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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106
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Ward MN, Churcher AM, Dick KJ, Laver CRJ, Owens GL, Polack MD, Ward PR, Breden F, Taylor JS. The molecular basis of color vision in colorful fish: four long wave-sensitive (LWS) opsins in guppies (Poecilia reticulata) are defined by amino acid substitutions at key functional sites. BMC Evol Biol 2008; 8:210. [PMID: 18638376 PMCID: PMC2527612 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-8-210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2008] [Accepted: 07/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comparisons of functionally important changes at the molecular level in model systems have identified key adaptations driving isolation and speciation. In cichlids, for example, long wavelength-sensitive (LWS) opsins appear to play a role in mate choice and male color variation within and among species. To test the hypothesis that the evolution of elaborate coloration in male guppies (Poecilia reticulata) is also associated with opsin gene diversity, we sequenced long wavelength-sensitive (LWS) opsin genes in six species of the family Poeciliidae. RESULTS Sequences of four LWS opsin genes were amplified from the guppy genome and from mRNA isolated from adult guppy eyes. Variation in expression was quantified using qPCR. Three of the four genes encode opsins predicted to be most sensitive to different wavelengths of light because they vary at key amino acid positions. This family of LWS opsin genes was produced by a diversity of duplication events. One, an intronless gene, was produced prior to the divergence of families Fundulidae and Poeciliidae. Between-gene PCR and DNA sequencing show that two of the guppy LWS opsins are linked in an inverted orientation. This inverted tandem duplication event occurred near the base of the poeciliid tree in the common ancestor of Poecilia and Xiphophorus. The fourth sequence has been uncovered only in the genus Poecilia. In the guppies surveyed here, this sequence is a hybrid, with the 5' end most similar to one of the tandem duplicates and the 3' end identical to the other. CONCLUSION Enhanced wavelength discrimination, a possible consequence of opsin gene duplication and divergence, might have been an evolutionary prerequisite for color-based sexual selection and have led to the extraordinary coloration now observed in male guppies and in many other poeciliids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew N Ward
- University of Victoria, Department of Biology, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Allison M Churcher
- University of Victoria, Department of Biology, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kevin J Dick
- University of Victoria, Department of Biology, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chris RJ Laver
- University of Victoria, Department of Biology, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Greg L Owens
- University of Victoria, Department of Biology, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Megan D Polack
- University of Victoria, Department of Biology, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Pam R Ward
- University of Victoria, Department of Biology, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Felix Breden
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Biological Sciences, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John S Taylor
- University of Victoria, Department of Biology, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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107
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Adaptive evolution of cone opsin genes in two colorful cyprinids, Opsariichthys pachycephalus and Candidia barbatus. Vision Res 2008; 48:1695-1704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2008.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2008] [Revised: 04/17/2008] [Accepted: 04/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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108
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Color Variation among Habitat Types in the Spiny Softshell Turtles (Trionychidae: Apalone) of Cuatrociénegas, Coahuila, Mexico. J HERPETOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1670/07-176.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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109
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MAAN MARTINEE, VAN ROOIJEN ANNEMC, VAN ALPHEN JACQUESJM, SEEHAUSEN OLE. Parasite-mediated sexual selection and species divergence in Lake Victoria cichlid fish. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.00989.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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110
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Cummings ME, Bernal XE, Reynaga R, Rand AS, Ryan MJ. Visual sensitivity to a conspicuous male cue varies by reproductive state inPhysalaemus pustulosusfemales. J Exp Biol 2008; 211:1203-10. [PMID: 18375844 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.012963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYThe vocal sac is a visually conspicuous attribute of most male frogs, but its role in visual communication has only been demonstrated recently in diurnally displaying frogs. Here we characterized the spectral properties of the inflated vocal sac of male túngara frogs (Physalaemus pustulosus), a nocturnal species, and túngara visual sensitivity to this cue across reproductive state and sex. We measured the spectral and total reflectance of different male body regions, including inflated and non-inflated vocal sacs, along with samples of the visual background against which males are perceived. Inflated vocal sacs were the most reflective of all body parts, being one log unit more reflective than background materials. We utilized an optomotor drum with black stripes and stripes that mimicked the spectral reflectance of the inflated vocal sacs with various nocturnal light intensities to measure the visual sensitivity thresholds of males,non-reproductive females and reproductive females. All three groups exhibited visual sensitivities corresponding to intensities below moonless conditions in open habitats or at the edge of secondary tropical forests. Reproductive females exhibited the greatest visual sensitivity of all groups, and were significantly more sensitive than non-reproductive females. Though the mechanism for this physiological difference between reproductive and non-reproductive females is unknown, it is consistent with previously observed patterns of light-dependent phonotaxic behavior in túngaras. We suggest that the visual ecology of the vocal sac, especially in nocturnal frogs,offers a rich source for investigations of visual ecology and physiological regulation of vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly E. Cummings
- Section of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712,USA
| | - Ximena E. Bernal
- Section of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712,USA
| | - Roberto Reynaga
- Section of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712,USA
| | - A. Stanley Rand
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 2072, Balboa, Panama
| | - Michael J. Ryan
- Section of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712,USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 2072, Balboa, Panama
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111
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Selection for social signalling drives the evolution of chameleon colour change. PLoS Biol 2008; 6:e25. [PMID: 18232740 PMCID: PMC2214820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0060025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2007] [Accepted: 12/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid colour change is a remarkable natural phenomenon that has evolved in several vertebrate and invertebrate lineages. The two principal explanations for the evolution of this adaptive strategy are (1) natural selection for crypsis (camouflage) against a range of different backgrounds and (2) selection for conspicuous social signals that maximise detectability to conspecifics, yet minimise exposure to predators because they are only briefly displayed. Here we show that evolutionary shifts in capacity for colour change in southern African dwarf chameleons (Bradypodion spp.) are associated with increasingly conspicuous signals used in male contests and courtship. To the chameleon visual system, species showing the most dramatic colour change display social signals that contrast most against the environmental background and amongst adjacent body regions. We found no evidence for the crypsis hypothesis, a finding reinforced by visual models of how both chameleons and their avian predators perceive chameleon colour variation. Instead, our results suggest that selection for conspicuous social signals drives the evolution of colour change in this system, supporting the view that transitory display traits should be under strong selection for signal detectability. The ability to change colour has evolved in numerous vertebrate and invertebrate groups, the most well-known of which are chameleons and cephalopods (octopuses and their relatives). There is great variation among species, however, in the apparent capacity for colour change, ranging from limited changes in brightness to dramatic changes in hue. What drives the evolution of this remarkable strategy? We addressed this question by using a combination of field-based behavioural trials in which we quantified colour change, models of colour perception, and our knowledge of phylogenetic relationships for 21 distinct lineages of southern African dwarf chameleons. We show that evolutionary changes in the capacity for colour change are consistently associated with the use of social signals that are highly conspicuous to the visual system of chameleons. Moreover, capacity for colour change is unrelated to variation in the environmental backgrounds that chameleons must match in order to be camouflaged. Overall, our results suggest that the evolution of the ability to exhibit striking changes in colour evolved as a strategy to facilitate social signalling and not, as popularly believed, camouflage. In dwarf chameleons, evolutionary shifts in the capacity for colour change are associated with increasingly conspicuous signals used in contests and courtship rather than by the need to match different backgrounds.
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112
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Théry M, Pincebourde S, Feer F. Dusk light environment optimizes visual perception of conspecifics in a crepuscular horned beetle. Behav Ecol 2008. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arn024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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113
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Hebets EA, Elias DO, Mason AC, Miller GL, Stratton GE. Substrate-dependent signalling success in the wolf spider, Schizocosa retrorsa. Anim Behav 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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114
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Duftner N, Sefc KM, Koblmüller S, Salzburger W, Taborsky M, Sturmbauer C. Parallel evolution of facial stripe patterns in the Neolamprologus brichardi/pulcher species complex endemic to Lake Tanganyika. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2007; 45:706-15. [PMID: 17881250 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2007.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2007] [Revised: 08/02/2007] [Accepted: 08/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Colour pattern diversity can be due to random processes or to natural or sexual selection. Consequently, similarities in colour patterns are not always correlated with common ancestry, but may result from convergent evolution under shared selection pressures or drift. Neolamprologus brichardi and Neolamprologus pulcher have been described as two distinct species based on differences in the arrangement of two dark bars on the operculum. Our study uses DNA sequences of the mitochondrial control region to show that relatedness of haplotypes disagrees with species assignment based on head colour pattern. This suggests repeated parallel evolution of particular stripe patterns. The complete lack of shared haplotypes between populations of the same or different phenotypes reflects strong philopatric behaviour, possibly induced by the cooperative breeding mode in which offspring remain in their natal territory and serve as helpers until they disperse to nearby territories or take over a breeding position. Concordant phylogeographic patterns between N. brichardi/N. pulcher populations and other rock-dwelling cichlids suggest that the same colonization routes have been taken by sympatric species and that these routes were affected by lake level fluctuations in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Duftner
- Department of Zoology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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115
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Chunco AJ, McKinnon JS, Servedio MR. MICROHABITAT VARIATION AND SEXUAL SELECTION CAN MAINTAIN MALE COLOR POLYMORPHISMS. Evolution 2007; 61:2504-15. [PMID: 17725638 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00213.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Male color polymorphism may be an important precursor to sympatric speciation by sexual selection, but the processes maintaining such polymorphisms are not well understood. Here, we develop a formal model of the hypothesis that male color polymorphisms may be maintained by variation in the sensory environment resulting in microhabitat-specific selection pressures. We analyze the evolution of two male color morphs when color perception (by females and predators) is dependent on the microhabitat in which natural and sexual selection occur. We find that an environment of heterogeneous microhabitats can lead to the maintenance of color polymorphism despite asymmetries in the strengths of natural and sexual selection and in microhabitat proportions. We show that sexual selection alone is sufficient for polymorphism maintenance over a wide range of parameter space, even when female preferences are weak. Polymorphisms can also be maintained by natural selection acting alone, but the conditions for polymorphism maintenance by natural selection will usually be unrealistic for the case of microhabitat variation. Microhabitat variation and sexual selection for conspicuous males may thus provide a situation particularly favorable to the maintenance of male color polymorphisms. These results are important both because of the general insight they provide into a little appreciated mechanism for the maintenance of variation in natural populations and because such variation is an important prerequisite for sympatric speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Chunco
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
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116
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Kawata M, Shoji A, Kawamura S, Seehausen O. A genetically explicit model of speciation by sensory drive within a continuous population in aquatic environments. BMC Evol Biol 2007; 7:99. [PMID: 17598893 PMCID: PMC1941727 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-7-99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2006] [Accepted: 06/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sensory drive hypothesis predicts that divergent sensory adaptation in different habitats may lead to premating isolation upon secondary contact of populations. Speciation by sensory drive has traditionally been treated as a special case of speciation as a byproduct of adaptation to divergent environments in geographically isolated populations. However, if habitats are heterogeneous, local adaptation in the sensory systems may cause the emergence of reproductively isolated species from a single unstructured population. In polychromatic fishes, visual sensitivity might become adapted to local ambient light regimes and the sensitivity might influence female preferences for male nuptial color. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of speciation by sensory drive as a byproduct of divergent visual adaptation within a single initially unstructured population. We use models based on explicit genetic mechanisms for color vision and nuptial coloration. RESULTS We show that in simulations in which the adaptive evolution of visual pigments and color perception are explicitly modeled, sensory drive can promote speciation along a short selection gradient within a continuous habitat and population. We assumed that color perception evolves to adapt to the modal light environment that individuals experience and that females prefer to mate with males whose nuptial color they are most sensitive to. In our simulations color perception depends on the absorption spectra of an individual's visual pigments. Speciation occurred most frequently when the steepness of the environmental light gradient was intermediate and dispersal distance of offspring was relatively small. In addition, our results predict that mutations that cause large shifts in the wavelength of peak absorption promote speciation, whereas we did not observe speciation when peak absorption evolved by stepwise mutations with small effect. CONCLUSION The results suggest that speciation can occur where environmental gradients create divergent selection on sensory modalities that are used in mate choice. Evidence for such gradients exists from several animal groups, and from freshwater and marine fishes in particular. The probability of speciation in a continuous population under such conditions may then critically depend on the genetic architecture of perceptual adaptation and female mate choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakado Kawata
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Graduate School of Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ayako Shoji
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Graduate School of Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shoji Kawamura
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Institute of Zoology, Department of Aquatic Ecology & Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstr. 6, CH-3012 Bern, and Center of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Institute for Environmental Sciences and Technology (EAWAG), CH-6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
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117
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Abstract
Unidirectional elaboration of male trait evolution (e.g., larger, brighter males) has been predicted by receiver bias models of sexual selection and empirically tested in a number of different taxa. This study identifies a bidirectional pattern of male trait evolution and suggests that a sensory constraint is driving this divergence. In this system, the inherent trade-off in dichromatic visual detection places limits on the direction that sensory biases may take and thus provides a quantitative test of the sensory drive model. Here I show that sensory systems with trade-offs in detection abilities produce bidirectional biases and that signal design properties match these biases. I combine species-specific measurements and ancestral estimates with visual detection modeling to examine biases in sensory and signaling traits across five fish species occupying optically diverse habitats in the Californian kelp forest. Species-specific divergence in visual pigments correlates with changes in environment and produces different sensory biases--favoring luminance (brightness) detection for some species and chromatic (color) detection for others. Divergence in male signals (spectral reflectance of orange, blue, and silver color elements) is predicted by each species' sensory bias: color divergence favors chromatic detection for species with chromatically biased visual systems, whereas species with luminance sensory biases have signals favoring luminance detection. This quantitative example of coevolution of communication traits varying in a bidirectional pattern governed by the environment is the first demonstration of sensory trade-offs driving signal evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly E Cummings
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.
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118
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Gray SM, McKinnon JS. Linking color polymorphism maintenance and speciation. Trends Ecol Evol 2007; 22:71-9. [PMID: 17055107 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2006.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2006] [Accepted: 10/09/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Here, we review the recently burgeoning literature on color polymorphisms, seeking to integrate studies of the maintenance of genetic variation and the evolution of reproductive isolation. Our survey reveals that several mechanisms, some operating between populations and others within them, can contribute to both color polymorphism persistence and speciation. As expected, divergent selection clearly can couple with gene flow to maintain color polymorphism and mediate speciation. More surprisingly, recent evidence suggests that diverse forms of within-population sexual selection can generate negative frequency dependence and initiate reproductive isolation. These findings deserve additional study, particularly concerning the roles of heterogeneous visual environments and correlational selection. Finally, comparative studies and more comprehensive approaches are required to elucidate when color polymorphism evolves, persists, or leads to speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Gray
- Behavioural Ecology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
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119
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Terai Y, Seehausen O, Sasaki T, Takahashi K, Mizoiri S, Sugawara T, Sato T, Watanabe M, Konijnendijk N, Mrosso HDJ, Tachida H, Imai H, Shichida Y, Okada N. Divergent selection on opsins drives incipient speciation in Lake Victoria cichlids. PLoS Biol 2006; 4:e433. [PMID: 17147472 PMCID: PMC1750929 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0040433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2006] [Accepted: 10/13/2006] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Divergent natural selection acting on ecological traits, which also affect mate choice, is a key element of ecological speciation theory, but has not previously been demonstrated at the molecular gene level to our knowledge. Here we demonstrate parallel evolution in two cichlid genera under strong divergent selection in a gene that affects both. Strong divergent natural selection fixed opsin proteins with different predicted light absorbance properties at opposite ends of an environmental gradient. By expressing them and measuring absorbance, we show that the reciprocal fixation adapts populations to divergent light environments. The divergent evolution of the visual system coincides with divergence in male breeding coloration, consistent with incipient ecological by-product speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohey Terai
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- EAWAG Ecology Center, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Takeshi Sasaki
- Division of Speciation, National Institute of Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Takahashi
- Division of Speciation, National Institute of Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shinji Mizoiri
- Division of Speciation, National Institute of Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tohru Sugawara
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tetsu Sato
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Watanabe
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nellie Konijnendijk
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hillary D. J Mrosso
- Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute, Mwanza Fisheries Research Center, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Hidenori Tachida
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroo Imai
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Shichida
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Norihiro Okada
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
- Division of Speciation, National Institute of Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
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120
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Maan ME, van der Spoel M, Jimenez PQ, van Alphen JJ, Seehausen O. Fitness correlates of male coloration in a Lake Victoria cichlid fish. Behav Ecol 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/ark020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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