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Guerrero CA, Acosta O. Inflammatory and oxidative stress in rotavirus infection. World J Virol 2016; 5:38-62. [PMID: 27175349 PMCID: PMC4861870 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v5.i2.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotaviruses are the single leading cause of life-threatening diarrhea affecting children under 5 years of age. Rotavirus entry into the host cell seems to occur by sequential interactions between virion proteins and various cell surface molecules. The entry mechanisms seem to involve the contribution of cellular molecules having binding, chaperoning and oxido-reducing activities. It appears to be that the receptor usage and tropism of rotaviruses is determined by the species, cell line and rotavirus strain. Rotaviruses have evolved functions which can antagonize the host innate immune response, whereas are able to induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling. A networking between ER stress, inflammation and oxidative stress is suggested, in which release of calcium from the ER increases the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to toxic accumulation of ROS within ER and mitochondria. Sustained ER stress potentially stimulates inflammatory response through unfolded protein response pathways. However, the detailed characterization of the molecular mechanisms underpinning these rotavirus-induced stressful conditions is still lacking. The signaling events triggered by host recognition of virus-associated molecular patterns offers an opportunity for the development of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at interfering with rotavirus infection. The use of N-acetylcysteine, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and PPARγ agonists to inhibit rotavirus infection opens a new way for treating the rotavirus-induced diarrhea and complementing vaccines.
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Appenzeller-Herzog C, Bánhegyi G, Bogeski I, Davies KJA, Delaunay-Moisan A, Forman HJ, Görlach A, Kietzmann T, Laurindo F, Margittai E, Meyer AJ, Riemer J, Rützler M, Simmen T, Sitia R, Toledano MB, Touw IP. Transit of H2O2 across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane is not sluggish. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 94:157-60. [PMID: 26928585 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cellular metabolism provides various sources of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in different organelles and compartments. The suitability of H2O2 as an intracellular signaling molecule therefore also depends on its ability to pass cellular membranes. The propensity of the membranous boundary of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to let pass H2O2 has been discussed controversially. In this essay, we challenge the recent proposal that the ER membrane constitutes a simple barrier for H2O2 diffusion and support earlier data showing that (i) ample H2O2 permeability of the ER membrane is a prerequisite for signal transduction, (ii) aquaporin channels are crucially involved in the facilitation of H2O2 permeation, and (iii) a proper experimental framework not prone to artifacts is necessary to further unravel the role of H2O2 permeation in signal transduction and organelle biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabor Bánhegyi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1428, Hungary
| | - Ivan Bogeski
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Saarland, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Kelvin J A Davies
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center; and Division of Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences of the Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA; Division of Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Agnès Delaunay-Moisan
- Laboratoire Stress Oxydant et Cancers, CEA-Saclay, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Henry Jay Forman
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center; and Division of Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences of the Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Agnes Görlach
- Experimental and Molecular Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich at the TU Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Kietzmann
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90210 Oulu, Finland
| | - Francisco Laurindo
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, CEP 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eva Margittai
- Institute of Human Physiology and Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1428, Hungary
| | - Andreas J Meyer
- INRES-Chemical Signalling, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan Riemer
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Rützler
- Institute for Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Thomas Simmen
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G2H7
| | - Roberto Sitia
- Protein Transport and Secretion Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS, Ospedale San Raffaele/Universita' Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Michel B Toledano
- Laboratoire Stress Oxydant et Cancers, CEA-Saclay, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Ivo P Touw
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Department of Hematology, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Marschall R, Tudzynski P. BcIqg1, a fungal IQGAP homolog, interacts with NADPH oxidase, MAP kinase and calcium signaling proteins and regulates virulence and development inBotrytis cinerea. Mol Microbiol 2016; 101:281-98. [DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Marschall
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms Universität; Schlossplatz 8 D-48143 Münster Germany
| | - Paul Tudzynski
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms Universität; Schlossplatz 8 D-48143 Münster Germany
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Abstract
Since its discovery in 1999, a number of studies have evaluated the role of Nox1 NADPH oxidase in the cardiovascular system. Nox1 is activated in vascular cells in response to several different agonists, with its activity regulated at the transcriptional level as well as by NADPH oxidase complex formation, protein stabilization and post-translational modification. Nox1 has been shown to decrease the bioavailability of nitric oxide, transactivate the epidermal growth factor receptor, induce pro-inflammatory signalling, and promote cell migration and proliferation. Enhanced expression and activity of Nox1 under pathologic conditions results in excessive production of reactive oxygen species and dysregulated cellular function. Indeed, studies using genetic models of Nox1 deficiency or overexpression have revealed roles for Nox1 in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases ranging from atherosclerosis to hypertension, restenosis and ischaemia/reperfusion injury. These data suggest that Nox1 is a potential therapeutic target for vascular disease, and drug development efforts are ongoing to identify a specific bioavailable inhibitor of Nox1.
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105
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Intracerebral Hemorrhage, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidant Therapy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:1203285. [PMID: 27190572 PMCID: PMC4848452 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1203285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hemorrhagic stroke is a common and severe neurological disorder and is associated with high rates of mortality and morbidity, especially for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Increasing evidence demonstrates that oxidative stress responses participate in the pathophysiological processes of secondary brain injury (SBI) following ICH. The mechanisms involved in interoperable systems include endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, neuronal apoptosis and necrosis, inflammation, and autophagy. In this review, we summarized some promising advances in the field of oxidative stress and ICH, including contained animal and human investigations. We also discussed the role of oxidative stress, systemic oxidative stress responses, and some research of potential therapeutic options aimed at reducing oxidative stress to protect the neuronal function after ICH, focusing on the challenges of translation between preclinical and clinical studies, and potential post-ICH antioxidative therapeutic approaches.
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106
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Marschall R, Tudzynski P. Reactive oxygen species in development and infection processes. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 57:138-146. [PMID: 27039026 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important signaling molecules that affect vegetative and pathogenic processes in pathogenic fungi. There is growing evidence that ROS are not only secreted during the interaction of host and pathogen but also involved in tightly controlled intracellular processes. The major ROS producing enzymes are NADPH oxidases (Nox). Recent investigations in fungi revealed that Nox-activity is responsible for the formation of infection structures, cytoskeleton architecture as well as interhyphal communication. However, information about the localization and site of action of the Nox complexes in fungi is limited and signaling pathways and intracellular processes affected by ROS have not been fully elucidated. This review focuses on the role of ROS as signaling molecules in fungal "model" organisms: it examines the role of ROS in vegetative and pathogenic processes and gives special attention to Nox complexes and their function as important signaling hubs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Marschall
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms Universität, Schlossplatz 8, D-48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Paul Tudzynski
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms Universität, Schlossplatz 8, D-48143 Münster, Germany.
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107
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Tanaka LY, Araújo HA, Hironaka GK, Araujo TL, Takimura CK, Rodriguez AI, Casagrande AS, Gutierrez PS, Lemos-Neto PA, Laurindo FR. Peri/Epicellular Protein Disulfide Isomerase Sustains Vascular Lumen Caliber Through an Anticonstrictive Remodeling Effect. Hypertension 2016; 67:613-22. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.06177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Y. Tanaka
- From the Vascular Biology Laboratory (L.Y.T., H.A.A., G.K.H., T.L.S.A., A.I.R., A.S.C., F.R.M.L.), Interventional Cardiology Unit (C.K.T., P.A.L.-N.), and Pathology Laboratory (P.S.G.), Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Haniel A. Araújo
- From the Vascular Biology Laboratory (L.Y.T., H.A.A., G.K.H., T.L.S.A., A.I.R., A.S.C., F.R.M.L.), Interventional Cardiology Unit (C.K.T., P.A.L.-N.), and Pathology Laboratory (P.S.G.), Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo K. Hironaka
- From the Vascular Biology Laboratory (L.Y.T., H.A.A., G.K.H., T.L.S.A., A.I.R., A.S.C., F.R.M.L.), Interventional Cardiology Unit (C.K.T., P.A.L.-N.), and Pathology Laboratory (P.S.G.), Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thaís L.S. Araujo
- From the Vascular Biology Laboratory (L.Y.T., H.A.A., G.K.H., T.L.S.A., A.I.R., A.S.C., F.R.M.L.), Interventional Cardiology Unit (C.K.T., P.A.L.-N.), and Pathology Laboratory (P.S.G.), Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Celso K. Takimura
- From the Vascular Biology Laboratory (L.Y.T., H.A.A., G.K.H., T.L.S.A., A.I.R., A.S.C., F.R.M.L.), Interventional Cardiology Unit (C.K.T., P.A.L.-N.), and Pathology Laboratory (P.S.G.), Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andres I. Rodriguez
- From the Vascular Biology Laboratory (L.Y.T., H.A.A., G.K.H., T.L.S.A., A.I.R., A.S.C., F.R.M.L.), Interventional Cardiology Unit (C.K.T., P.A.L.-N.), and Pathology Laboratory (P.S.G.), Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Annelise S. Casagrande
- From the Vascular Biology Laboratory (L.Y.T., H.A.A., G.K.H., T.L.S.A., A.I.R., A.S.C., F.R.M.L.), Interventional Cardiology Unit (C.K.T., P.A.L.-N.), and Pathology Laboratory (P.S.G.), Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo S. Gutierrez
- From the Vascular Biology Laboratory (L.Y.T., H.A.A., G.K.H., T.L.S.A., A.I.R., A.S.C., F.R.M.L.), Interventional Cardiology Unit (C.K.T., P.A.L.-N.), and Pathology Laboratory (P.S.G.), Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Alves Lemos-Neto
- From the Vascular Biology Laboratory (L.Y.T., H.A.A., G.K.H., T.L.S.A., A.I.R., A.S.C., F.R.M.L.), Interventional Cardiology Unit (C.K.T., P.A.L.-N.), and Pathology Laboratory (P.S.G.), Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco R.M. Laurindo
- From the Vascular Biology Laboratory (L.Y.T., H.A.A., G.K.H., T.L.S.A., A.I.R., A.S.C., F.R.M.L.), Interventional Cardiology Unit (C.K.T., P.A.L.-N.), and Pathology Laboratory (P.S.G.), Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
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108
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Choudhary S, Boldogh I, Brasier AR. Inside-Out Signaling Pathways from Nuclear Reactive Oxygen Species Control Pulmonary Innate Immunity. J Innate Immun 2016; 8:143-55. [PMID: 26756522 PMCID: PMC4801701 DOI: 10.1159/000442254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The airway mucosa is responsible for mounting a robust innate immune response (IIR) upon encountering pathogen-associated molecular patterns. The IIR produces protective gene networks that stimulate neighboring epithelia and components of the immune system to trigger adaptive immunity. Little is currently known about how cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling is produced and cooperates in the IIR. We discuss recent discoveries about 2 nuclear ROS signaling pathways controlling innate immunity. Nuclear ROS oxidize guanine bases to produce mutagenic 8-oxoguanine, a lesion excised by 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase1/AP-lyase (OGG1). OGG1 forms a complex with the excised base, inducing its nuclear export. The cytoplasmic OGG1:8-oxoG complex functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor, triggering small GTPase signaling and activating phosphorylation of the nuclear factor (NF)x03BA;B/RelA transcription factor to induce immediate early gene expression. In parallel, nuclear ROS are detected by ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), a PI3 kinase activated by ROS, triggering its nuclear export. ATM forms a scaffold with ribosomal S6 kinases, inducing RelA phosphorylation and resulting in transcription-coupled synthesis of type I and type III interferons and CC and CXC chemokines. We propose that ATM and OGG1 are endogenous nuclear ROS sensors that transmit nuclear signals that coordinate with outside-in pattern recognition receptor signaling, regulating the IIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Choudhary
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex., USA
- Department of Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex., USA
- Department of Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex., USA
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex., USA
- Department of Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex., USA
- Department of Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex., USA
| | - Allan R. Brasier
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex., USA
- Department of Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex., USA
- Department of Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex., USA
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109
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Leukotriene C4 is the major trigger of stress-induced oxidative DNA damage. Nat Commun 2015; 6:10112. [PMID: 26656251 PMCID: PMC4682057 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and major chemotherapeutic agents damage DNA by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here we show that ER stress and chemotherapy induce leukotriene C4 (LTC4) biosynthesis by transcriptionally upregulating and activating the enzyme microsomal glutathione-S-transferase 2 (MGST2) in cells of non-haematopoietic lineage. ER stress and chemotherapy also trigger nuclear translocation of the two LTC4 receptors. Acting in an intracrine manner, LTC4 then elicits nuclear translocation of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), ROS accumulation and oxidative DNA damage. Mgst2 deficiency, RNAi and LTC4 receptor antagonists abolish ER stress- and chemotherapy-induced ROS and oxidative DNA damage in vitro and in mouse kidneys. Cell death and mouse morbidity are also significantly attenuated. Hence, MGST2-generated LTC4 is a major mediator of ER stress- and chemotherapy-triggered oxidative stress and oxidative DNA damage. LTC4 inhibitors, commonly used for asthma, could find broad clinical use in major human pathologies associated with ER stress-activated NOX4. Chemotherapeutic agents elicit ER and oxidative stress as part of their mode of action. Here the authors show that chemotherapy and ER stress trigger MGST2-based biosynthesis of LTC4, whose inhibition abolishes chemotherapy- and ER stress-triggered oxidative stress and DNA damage, resulting in the attenuation of cell death.
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110
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Petrache Voicu SN, Dinu D, Sima C, Hermenean A, Ardelean A, Codrici E, Stan MS, Zărnescu O, Dinischiotu A. Silica Nanoparticles Induce Oxidative Stress and Autophagy but Not Apoptosis in the MRC-5 Cell Line. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:29398-416. [PMID: 26690408 PMCID: PMC4691114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the in vitro effects of 62.5 µg/mL silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) on MRC-5 human lung fibroblast cells for 24, 48 and 72 h. The nanoparticles’ morphology, composition, and structure were investigated using high resolution transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction and X-ray diffraction. Our study showed a decreased cell viability and the induction of cellular oxidative stress as evidenced by an increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), carbonyl groups, and advanced oxidation protein products after 24, 48, and 72 h, as well as a decreased concentration of glutathione (GSH) and protein sulfhydryl groups. The protein expression of Hsp27, Hsp60, and Hsp90 decreased at all time intervals, while the level of protein Hsp70 remained unchanged during the exposure. Similarly, the expression of p53, MDM2 and Bcl-2 was significantly decreased for all time intervals, while the expression of Bax, a marker for apoptosis, was insignificantly downregulated. These results correlated with the increase of pro-caspase 3 expression. The role of autophagy in cellular response to SiO2 NPs was demonstrated by a fluorescence-labeled method and by an increased level of LC3-II/LC3-I ratio. Taken together, our data suggested that SiO2 NPs induced ROS-mediated autophagy in MRC-5 cells as a possible mechanism of cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorina Nicoleta Petrache Voicu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest 050095, Romania.
- Department of Experimental and Applied Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 86 Rebreanu, Arad 310414, Romania.
| | - Diana Dinu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest 050095, Romania.
| | - Cornelia Sima
- Laser Department, National Institute of Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor, Bucharest-Magurele 077125, Romania.
| | - Anca Hermenean
- Department of Experimental and Applied Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 86 Rebreanu, Arad 310414, Romania.
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 1 Feleacului, Arad 310396, Romania.
| | - Aurel Ardelean
- Department of Experimental and Applied Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 86 Rebreanu, Arad 310414, Romania.
| | - Elena Codrici
- Biochemistry Proteomics Department, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 99-101 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest 050096, Romania.
| | - Miruna Silvia Stan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest 050095, Romania.
| | - Otilia Zărnescu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest 050095, Romania.
| | - Anca Dinischiotu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest 050095, Romania.
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111
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Low-Dose Aronia melanocarpa Concentrate Attenuates Paraquat-Induced Neurotoxicity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:5296271. [PMID: 26770655 PMCID: PMC4684878 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5296271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Herbicides containing paraquat may contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease. Paraquat induces reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis in neurons, which is a primary mechanism behind its toxicity. We sought to test the effectiveness of a commercially available polyphenol-rich Aronia melanocarpa (aronia berry) concentrate in the amelioration of paraquat-induced neurotoxicity. Considering the abundance of antioxidants in aronia berries, we hypothesized that aronia berry concentrate attenuates the paraquat-induced increase in reactive oxygen species and protects against paraquat-mediated neuronal cell death. Using a neuronal cell culture model, we observed that low doses of aronia berry concentrate protected against paraquat-mediated neurotoxicity. Additionally, low doses of the concentrate attenuated the paraquat-induced increase in superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and oxidized glutathione levels. Interestingly, high doses of aronia berry concentrate increased neuronal superoxide levels independent of paraquat, while at the same time decreasing hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, high-dose aronia berry concentrate potentiated paraquat-induced superoxide production and neuronal cell death. In summary, aronia berry concentrate at low doses restores the homeostatic redox environment of neurons treated with paraquat, while high doses exacerbate the imbalance leading to further cell death. Our findings support that moderate levels of aronia berry concentrate may prevent reactive oxygen species-mediated neurotoxicity.
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112
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Qin X, Hou X, Liang T, Chen L, Lu T, Li Q. Farrerol can attenuate the aortic lesion in spontaneously hypertensive rats via the upregulation of eNOS and reduction of NAD(P)H oxidase activity. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 769:211-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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113
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Cueno ME, Ochiai K. Re-discovering periodontal butyric acid: New insights on an old metabolite. Microb Pathog 2015; 94:48-53. [PMID: 26466516 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The oral microbiome is composed of detrimental and beneficial microbial communities producing several microbial factors that could contribute to the development of the oral microbiome and, likewise, may lead to the development of host diseases. Metabolites, like short-chain fatty acids, are commonly produced by the oral microbiome and serve various functions. Among the periodontal short-chain fatty acids, butyric acid is mainly produced by periodontopathic bacteria and, attributable to the butyrate paradox, is postulated to exhibit a dual function depending on butyric acid concentration. A better understanding of the interconnecting networks that would influence butyric acid function in the oral cavity may shed a new light on the current existing knowledge and view regarding butyric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marni E Cueno
- Department of Microbiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan.
| | - Kuniyasu Ochiai
- Department of Microbiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan.
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114
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NADPH oxidases—do they play a role in TRPC regulation under hypoxia? Pflugers Arch 2015; 468:23-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-015-1731-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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115
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Uryga AK, Bennett MR. Ageing induced vascular smooth muscle cell senescence in atherosclerosis. J Physiol 2015; 594:2115-24. [PMID: 26174609 DOI: 10.1113/jp270923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a disease of ageing in that its incidence and prevalence increase with age. However, atherosclerosis is also associated with biological ageing, manifest by a number of typical hallmarks of ageing in the atherosclerotic plaque. Thus, accelerated biological ageing may be superimposed on the effects of chronological ageing in atherosclerosis. Tissue ageing is seen in all cells that comprise the plaque, but particularly in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Hallmarks of ageing include evidence of cell senescence, DNA damage (including telomere attrition), mitochondrial dysfunction, a pro-inflammatory secretory phenotype, defects in proteostasis, epigenetic changes, deregulated nutrient sensing, and exhaustion of progenitor cells. In this model, initial damage to DNA (genomic, telomeric, mitochondrial and epigenetic changes) results in a number of cellular responses (cellular senescence, deregulated nutrient sensing and defects in proteostasis). Ultimately, ongoing damage and attempts at repair by continued proliferation overwhelm reparative capacity, causing loss of specialised cell functions, cell death and inflammation. This review summarises the evidence for accelerated biological ageing in atherosclerosis, the functional consequences of cell ageing on cells comprising the plaque, and the causal role that VSMC senescence plays in atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Uryga
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Box 110, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Martin R Bennett
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Box 110, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
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116
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Ashraf NU, Sheikh TA. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and Oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Free Radic Res 2015. [PMID: 26223319 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1078461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. The underlying causes of the disease progression in NAFLD are unclear. Recent evidences suggest endoplasmic reticulum stress in the development of lipid droplets (steatosis) and subsequent generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the progression to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The signalling pathway activated by disruption of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homoeostasis, called as unfolded protein response, is linked with membrane biosynthesis, insulin action, inflammation and apoptosis. ROS are important mediators of inflammation. Protein folding in ER is linked to ROS. Therefore understanding the basic mechanisms that lead to ER stress and ROS in NAFLD have become the topics of immense interest. The present review focuses on the role of ER stress and ROS in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. We also highlight the cross talk between ER stress and oxidative stress which suggest and encourage the development of therapeutics for NAFLD. Further we have reviewed various strategies used for the management of NAFLD/NASH and limitations of such strategies. Our review therefore highlights the need for newer strategies with regards to ER stress and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- N U Ashraf
- a Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , New Delhi , India.,b PK-PD and Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Canal Road, Jammu Tawi , Jammu and Kashmir , India
| | - T A Sheikh
- a Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , New Delhi , India.,b PK-PD and Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Canal Road, Jammu Tawi , Jammu and Kashmir , India
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117
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Souabni H, Machillot P, Baciou L. Contribution of lipid environment to NADPH oxidase activity: influence of sterol. Biochimie 2015; 107 Pt A:33-42. [PMID: 25448770 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The NADPH-oxidase complex, which plays beneficial or detrimental role in the inflammatory and degenerative diseases, is a membrane multi-subunit complex tightly regulated in order to produce superoxide anions, precursor of oxygen reactive species (ROS), in cells. The flavocytochrome b(558) (Cytb(558)) is the catalytic core of the NADPH oxidase which consists of two membrane proteins gp91(phox) (highly glycosylated) and p22(phox). In this work we took advantage of heterologous yeast cells engineered to express wild-type bovine Cytb(558) to analyze the properties of the NADPH oxidase activity during the biosynthesis processing steps of gp91(phox) and p22(phox) within endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and plasma membrane (Pmb). Our data showed that, in yeast, the heterodimerization at the endoplasmic reticulum membranes was concomitant with high level glycosylation of gp91(phox) and the heme acquisition. This study also demonstrated that the phagocyte NADPH oxidase was active at ER membranes and that this activity was surprisingly higher at the ER compared to the Pmb membranes. We have correlated these findings with the presence of sterols in the plasma membranes and their absence in ER membranes. This correlation was confirmed by decreased superoxide anion production rates in proteoliposomes supplemented with ergosterol or cholesterol. Our data support the idea that membrane environment might be determinant for ROS regulation and that sterols could directly interact with the membrane proteins of the NADPH oxidase constraining its capacity to produce superoxide anions.
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118
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Görlach A, Bertram K, Hudecova S, Krizanova O. Calcium and ROS: A mutual interplay. Redox Biol 2015; 6:260-271. [PMID: 26296072 PMCID: PMC4556774 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 945] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium is an important second messenger involved in intra- and extracellular signaling cascades and plays an essential role in cell life and death decisions. The Ca2+ signaling network works in many different ways to regulate cellular processes that function over a wide dynamic range due to the action of buffers, pumps and exchangers on the plasma membrane as well as in internal stores. Calcium signaling pathways interact with other cellular signaling systems such as reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although initially considered to be potentially detrimental byproducts of aerobic metabolism, it is now clear that ROS generated in sub-toxic levels by different intracellular systems act as signaling molecules involved in various cellular processes including growth and cell death. Increasing evidence suggests a mutual interplay between calcium and ROS signaling systems which seems to have important implications for fine tuning cellular signaling networks. However, dysfunction in either of the systems might affect the other system thus potentiating harmful effects which might contribute to the pathogenesis of various disorders. Calcium and ROS act as signaling molecules inside the cell and their pathways can interact. The mutual interplay of calcium and ROS is required for the fine tuning of signaling. Failure in the interplay results in dysfunction and pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Görlach
- Experimental and Molecular Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
| | - Katharina Bertram
- Experimental and Molecular Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University Munich, Germany
| | - Sona Hudecova
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Olga Krizanova
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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119
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Margittai É, Enyedi B, Csala M, Geiszt M, Bánhegyi G. Composition of the redox environment of the endoplasmic reticulum and sources of hydrogen peroxide. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 83:331-40. [PMID: 25678412 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a metabolically active organelle, which has a central role in proteostasis by translating, modifying, folding, and occasionally degrading secretory and membrane proteins. The lumen of the ER represents a separate compartment of the eukaryotic cell, with a characteristic proteome and metabolome. Although the redox metabolome and proteome of the compartment have not been holistically explored, it is evident that proper redox conditions are necessary for the functioning of many luminal pathways. These redox conditions are defined by local oxidoreductases and the membrane transport of electron donors and acceptors. The main electron carriers of the compartment are identical with those of the other organelles: glutathione, pyridine and flavin nucleotides, ascorbate, and others. However, their composition, concentration, and redox state in the ER lumen can be different from those observed in other compartments. The terminal oxidases of oxidative protein folding generate and maintain an "oxidative environment" by oxidizing protein thiols and producing hydrogen peroxide. ER-specific mechanisms reutilize hydrogen peroxide as an electron acceptor of oxidative folding. These mechanisms, together with membrane and kinetic barriers, guarantee that redox systems in the reduced or oxidized state can be present simultaneously in the lumen. The present knowledge on the in vivo conditions of ER redox is rather limited; development of new genetically encoded targetable sensors for the measurement of the luminal state of redox systems other than thiol/disulfide will contribute to a better understanding of ER redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Margittai
- Institute of Human Physiology and Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1444, Hungary
| | - Balázs Enyedi
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1444, Hungary
| | - Miklós Csala
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1444, Hungary
| | - Miklós Geiszt
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1444, Hungary; "Lendület" Peroxidase Enzyme Research Group of Semmelweis University and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1444, Hungary
| | - Gábor Bánhegyi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1444, Hungary.
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120
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Fujii J, Ikeda Y, Kurahashi T, Homma T. Physiological and pathological views of peroxiredoxin 4. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 83:373-9. [PMID: 25656995 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) form an enzyme family that exhibits peroxidase activity using electrons from thioredoxin and other donor molecules. As the signaling roles of hydrogen peroxide in response to extracellular stimuli have emerged, the involvement of PRDX in the hydrogen peroxide-mediated signaling has become evident. Among six PRDX members in mammalian cells, PRDX4 uniquely possesses a hydrophobic signal peptide at the amino terminus, and, hence, it undergoes either secretion or retention by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen. The role of PRDX4 as a sulfoxidase in ER is now attracting much attention regarding the oxidative protein folding of nascent proteins. Contrary to this role in the ER, the functional significance of PRDX4 in the extracellular milieu is virtually unknown despite its implications as a biomarker under pathological conditions in some diseases. Other than its systemically expressed form, a variant form of PRDX4 is transcribed from the upstream promoter/exon 1 of the systemic promoter/exon 1 and is uniquely expressed in sexually matured testes. Circumstantial evidence, together with deduced functions from the systemic form, suggests that there are potential roles for testicular PRDX4 in the reproductive processes such as the regulation of hormonal signals and the oxidative packaging of sperm chromatin. Elucidation of these PRDX4 functions under in vivo situations is expected to show the whole picture of how PRDX4 has evolved in multicellular organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Fujii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan.
| | - Yoshitaka Ikeda
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kurahashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Takujiro Homma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
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121
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Delaunay-Moisan A, Appenzeller-Herzog C. The antioxidant machinery of the endoplasmic reticulum: Protection and signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 83:341-51. [PMID: 25744411 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cellular metabolism is inherently linked to the production of oxidizing by-products, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). When present in excess, H2O2 can damage cellular biomolecules, but when produced in coordinated fashion, it typically serves as a mobile signaling messenger. It is therefore not surprising that cell health critically relies on both low-molecular-weight and enzymatic antioxidant components, which protect from ROS-mediated damage and shape the propagation and duration of ROS signals. This review focuses on H2O2-antioxidant cross talk in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is intimately linked to the process of oxidative protein folding. ER-resident or ER-regulated sources of H2O2 and other ROS, which are subgrouped into constitutive and stimulated sources, are discussed and set into context with the diverse antioxidant mechanisms in the organelle. These include two types of peroxide-reducing enzymes, a high concentration of glutathione derived from the cytosol, and feedback-regulated thiol-disulfide switches, which negatively control the major ER oxidase ER oxidoreductin-1. Finally, new evidence highlighting emerging principles of H2O2-based cues at the ER will likely set a basis for establishing ER redox processes as a major line of future signaling research. A fundamental problem that remains to be solved is the specific, quantitative, time resolved, and targeted detection of H2O2 in the ER and in specialized ER subdomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Delaunay-Moisan
- Laboratoire Stress Oxydants et Cancer, CEA-Saclay, Service de Biologie Intégrative et de Génétique Moléculaire, Institut de Biologie et de Technologie de Saclay, Commissariat à l׳Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France/Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France.
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122
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Montezano AC, Dulak-Lis M, Tsiropoulou S, Harvey A, Briones AM, Touyz RM. Oxidative Stress and Human Hypertension: Vascular Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Novel Therapies. Can J Cardiol 2015; 31:631-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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123
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Yang W, Zou L, Huang C, Lei Y. Redox regulation of cancer metastasis: molecular signaling and therapeutic opportunities. Drug Dev Res 2015; 75:331-41. [PMID: 25160073 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is the major cause of cancer-related mortality. Accumulated evidence has shown that high-metastasis potential cancer cells have more reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation compared with low-metastasis potential cancer cells. ROS can function as second messengers to regulate multiple cancer metastasis-related signaling pathways via reversible oxidative posttranslational modifications of cysteine in key redox-sensitive proteins, which leads to the structural and functional change of these proteins. Because ROS can promote cancer metastasis, therapeutic strategies aiming at inducing/reducing cellular ROS level or targeting redox sensors involved in metastasis hold great potential in developing new efficient approaches for anticancer therapy. In this review, we summarize recent findings on regulation of tumor metastasis by key redox sensors and describe the potential of targeting redox signaling pathways for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China; The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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124
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Brown DI, Griendling KK. Regulation of signal transduction by reactive oxygen species in the cardiovascular system. Circ Res 2015; 116:531-49. [PMID: 25634975 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.303584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has long been implicated in cardiovascular disease, but more recently, the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in normal physiological signaling has been elucidated. Signaling pathways modulated by ROS are complex and compartmentalized, and we are only beginning to identify the molecular modifications of specific targets. Here, we review the current literature on ROS signaling in the cardiovascular system, focusing on the role of ROS in normal physiology and how dysregulation of signaling circuits contributes to cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, ischemia-reperfusion injury, cardiomyopathy, and heart failure. In particular, we consider how ROS modulate signaling pathways related to phenotypic modulation, migration and adhesion, contractility, proliferation and hypertrophy, angiogenesis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, and senescence. Understanding the specific targets of ROS may guide the development of the next generation of ROS-modifying therapies to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- David I Brown
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Kathy K Griendling
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
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125
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Sanders YY, Liu H, Liu G, Thannickal VJ. Epigenetic mechanisms regulate NADPH oxidase-4 expression in cellular senescence. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 79:197-205. [PMID: 25526894 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a well-known risk factor for a large number of chronic diseases, including those of the lung. Cellular senescence is one of the hallmarks of aging, and contributes to the pathogenesis of age-related diseases. Recent studies implicate the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating enzyme, NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) in cellular senescence. In this study, we investigated potential mechanisms for epigenetic regulation of Nox4. We observed constitutively high levels of Nox4 gene/protein and activity in a model of replication-induced cellular senescence of lung fibroblasts. In replicative senescent fibroblasts, the Nox4 gene is enriched with the activation histone mark, H4K16Ac, and inversely associated with the repressive histone mark, H4K20Me3, supporting an active transcriptional chromatin conformation. Silencing of the histone acetyltransferase Mof, which specifically acetylates H4K16, down-regulates Nox4 gene/protein expression. The Nox4 gene promoter is rich in CpG sites; mixed copies of methylated and unmethylated Nox4 DNA were detected in both nonsenescent and senescent cells. Interestingly, the Nox4 gene is variably associated with specific DNA methyltransferases and methyl binding proteins in these two cell populations. These results indicate a critical role for histone modifications involving H4K16Ac in epigenetic activation of the Nox4 gene, while the role of DNA methylation may be contextual. Defining mechanisms for the epigenetic regulation of Nox4 will aid in the development of novel therapeutic strategies for age-related diseases in which this gene is overexpressed, in particular idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Y Sanders
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Hui Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Gang Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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126
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Lacaze I, Lalucque H, Siegmund U, Silar P, Brun S. Identification of NoxD/Pro41 as the homologue of the p22phox NADPH oxidase subunit in fungi. Mol Microbiol 2014; 95:1006-24. [PMID: 25424886 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
NADPH oxidases (Nox) are membrane complexes that produce O2(-). Researches in mammals, plants and fungi highlight the involvement of Nox-generated ROS in cell proliferation, differentiation and defense. In mammals, the core enzyme gp91(phox)/Nox2 is associated with p22(phox) forming the flavocytochrome b558 ready for activation by a cytosolic complex. Intriguingly, no homologue of the p22(phox) gene has been found in fungal genomes, questioning how the flavoenzyme forms. Using whole genome sequencing combined with phylogenetic analysis and structural studies, we identify the fungal p22(phox) homologue as being mutated in the Podospora anserina mutant IDC(509). Functional studies show that the fungal p22(phox), PaNoxD, acts along PaNox1, but not PaNox2, a second fungal gp91(phox) homologue. Finally, cytological analysis of functional tagged versions of PaNox1, PaNoxD and PaNoxR shows clear co-localization of PaNoxD and PaNox1 and unravel a dynamic assembly of the complex in the endoplasmic reticulum and in the vacuolar system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Lacaze
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut des Energies de Demain, case courrier 7040 Lamarck, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France; Univ Paris Sud, Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, UMR8621, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
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127
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Siegmund U, Marschall R, Tudzynski P. BcNoxD, a putative ER protein, is a new component of the NADPH oxidase complex in Botrytis cinerea. Mol Microbiol 2014; 95:988-1005. [PMID: 25402961 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
NADPH oxidases (Nox) are major enzymatic producer of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In fungi these multi-enzyme complexes are involved in sexual differentiation and pathogenicity. However, in contrast to mammalian systems, the composition and recruitment of the fungal Nox complexes are unresolved. Here we introduce a new Nox component, the membrane protein NoxD in the grey mold fungus Botrytis cinerea. It has high homology to the ER protein Pro41 from Sordaria macrospora, similar functions to the catalytic Nox subunit BcNoxA in differentiation and pathogenicity, and shows similarities to phagocytic p22phox. BcNoxA and BcNoxD interact with each other. Both proteins are involved in pathogenicity, fusion of conidial anastomosis tubes (CAT) and formation of sclerotia and conidia. These data support our earlier view based on localization studies, for an ER-related function of the Nox complex. We present the first evidence that some functions of the BcNoxA complex are indeed linked to the ER, while others clearly require export from the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Siegmund
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms Universität, Schlossplatz 8, Münster, D-48143, Germany
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128
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Abstract
In the past several years, it has been demonstrated that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) may act as intracellular signalling molecules to activate or inhibit specific signalling pathways and regulate physiological cellular functions. It is now well-established that ROS regulate autophagy, an intracellular degradation process. However, the signalling mechanisms through which ROS modulate autophagy in a regulated manner have only been minimally clarified. NADPH oxidase (Nox) enzymes are membrane-bound enzymatic complexes responsible for the dedicated generation of ROS. Different isoforms of Nox exist with different functions. Recent studies demonstrated that Nox-derived ROS can promote autophagy, with Nox2 and Nox4 representing the isoforms of Nox implicated thus far. Nox2- and Nox4-dependent autophagy plays an important role in the elimination of pathogens by phagocytes and in the regulation of vascular- and cancer-cell survival. Interestingly, we recently found that Nox is also important for autophagy regulation in cardiomyocytes. We found that Nox4, but not Nox2, promotes the activation of autophagy and survival in cardiomyocytes in response to nutrient deprivation and ischaemia through activation of the PERK (protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase) signalling pathway. In the present paper, we discuss the importance of Nox family proteins and ROS in the regulation of autophagy, with a particular focus on the role of Nox4 in the regulation of autophagy in the heart.
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129
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Marschall R, Tudzynski P. A new and reliable method for live imaging and quantification of reactive oxygen species in Botrytis cinerea: technological advancement. Fungal Genet Biol 2014; 71:68-75. [PMID: 25220147 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in conserved cellular processes either as by-products of the cellular respiration in mitochondria, or purposefully for defense mechanisms, signaling cascades or cell homeostasis. ROS have two diametrically opposed attributes due to their highly damaging potential for DNA, lipids and other molecules and due to their indispensability for signaling and developmental processes. In filamentous fungi, the role of ROS in growth and development has been studied in detail, but these analyses were often hampered by the lack of reliable and specific techniques to monitor different activities of ROS in living cells. Here, we present a new method for live cell imaging of ROS in filamentous fungi. We demonstrate that by use of a mixture of two fluorescent dyes it is possible to monitor H2O2 and superoxide specifically and simultaneously in distinct cellular structures during various hyphal differentiation processes. In addition, the method allows for reliable fluorometric quantification of ROS. We demonstrate that this can be used to characterize different mutants with respect to their ROS production/scavenging potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Marschall
- Institut fuer Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westf. Wilhelms-Universität Muenster, Hindenburgplatz 55, D-48143 Muenster, Germany
| | - Paul Tudzynski
- Institut fuer Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westf. Wilhelms-Universität Muenster, Hindenburgplatz 55, D-48143 Muenster, Germany.
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130
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Ali Khan H, Mutus B. Protein disulfide isomerase a multifunctional protein with multiple physiological roles. Front Chem 2014; 2:70. [PMID: 25207270 PMCID: PMC4144422 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2014.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), is a member of the thioredoxin superfamily of redox proteins. PDI has three catalytic activities including, thiol-disulfide oxireductase, disulfide isomerase and redox-dependent chaperone. Originally, PDI was identified in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum and subsequently detected at additional locations, such as cell surfaces and the cytosol. This review will provide an overview of the recent advances in relating the structural features of PDI to its multiple catalytic roles as well as its physiological and pathophysiological functions related to redox regulation and protein folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyder Ali Khan
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of Windsor Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Bulent Mutus
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of Windsor Windsor, ON, Canada
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