101
|
Bâră RI, Voinea LM, Vrapciu AD, Rusu MC. Adding myofibroblasts to the lacrimal pump. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151536. [PMID: 32156483 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The lacrimal sac (LS) empties in the nasolacrimal duct to drain the tears in the inferior nasal meatus. Different studies indicated the role of the lacrimal pump in the lacrimal drainage. Although controversial, the lacrimal pump mechanism is an extrinsic one, either active, or passive. An intrinsic contractile potential of the LS was not documented previously. We thus aimed a retrospective immunohistochemical study to test the alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and h-caldesmon expression in the LS wall. We used archived paraffin-embedded samples of LS from ten adult patients. The α-SMA + phenotype was detected in basal epithelial cells, in subepithelial ribbons of stromal cells, in vascular smooth muscle cells, as well as in pericytes. H-caldesmon was exclusively expressed in pericytes, vascular smooth muscle cells and myoepithelial cells of the subepithelial glands. The most striking feature we found in all samples was a consistent stromal network of α-SMA+/h-caldesmon- myofibroblasts. This finding supports an intrinsic scaffold useful for the lacrimal pump.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Iustina Bâră
- Department of Ophtalmology, Faculty of Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Department of Ophtalmology, Bucharest University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Liliana Mary Voinea
- Department of Ophtalmology, Bucharest University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania; Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Alexandra Diana Vrapciu
- Division of Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Mugurel Constantin Rusu
- Division of Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroilor Sanitari Blvd., RO-050474, Bucharest, Romania.
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Kirkton RD, Santiago-Maysonet M, Lawson JH, Tente WE, Dahl SLM, Niklason LE, Prichard HL. Bioengineered human acellular vessels recellularize and evolve into living blood vessels after human implantation. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/485/eaau6934. [PMID: 30918113 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aau6934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Traditional vascular grafts constructed from synthetic polymers or cadaveric human or animal tissues support the clinical need for readily available blood vessels, but often come with associated risks. Histopathological evaluation of these materials has shown adverse host cellular reactions and/or mechanical degradation due to insufficient or inappropriate matrix remodeling. We developed an investigational bioengineered human acellular vessel (HAV), which is currently being studied as a hemodialysis conduit in patients with end-stage renal disease. In rare cases, small samples of HAV were recovered during routine surgical interventions and used to examine the temporal and spatial pattern of the host cell response to the HAV after implantation, from 16 to 200 weeks. We observed a substantial influx of alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA)-expressing cells into the HAV that progressively matured and circumferentially aligned in the HAV wall. These cells were supported by microvasculature initially formed by CD34+/CD31+ cells in the neoadventitia and later maintained by CD34-/CD31+ endothelial cells in the media and lumen of the HAV. Nestin+ progenitor cells differentiated into either αSMA+ or CD31+ cells and may contribute to early recellularization and self-repair of the HAV. A mesenchymal stem cell-like CD90+ progenitor cell population increased in number with duration of implantation. Our results suggest that host myogenic, endothelial, and progenitor cell repopulation of HAVs transforms these previously acellular vessels into functional multilayered living tissues that maintain blood transport and exhibit self-healing after cannulation injury, effectively rendering these vessels like the patient's own blood vessel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeffrey H Lawson
- Humacyte Inc., Durham, NC 27713, USA.,Departments of Surgery and Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | | | - Laura E Niklason
- Humacyte Inc., Durham, NC 27713, USA.,Departments of Anesthesiology and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
103
|
Markou M, Kouroupis D, Badounas F, Katsouras A, Kyrkou A, Fotsis T, Murphy C, Bagli E. Tissue Engineering Using Vascular Organoids From Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Mural Cell Phenotypes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:278. [PMID: 32363181 PMCID: PMC7182037 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffusion is a limiting factor in regenerating large tissues (100–200 μm) due to reduced nutrient supply and waste removal leading to low viability of the regenerating cells as neovascularization of the implant by the host is a slow process. Thus, generating prevascularized tissue engineered constructs, in which endothelial (ECs) and mural (MCs) cells, such as smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and pericytes (PCs), are preassembled into functional in vitro vessels capable of rapidly connecting to the host vasculature could overcome this obstacle. Toward this purpose, using feeder-free and low serum conditions, we developed a simple, efficient and rapid in vitro approach to induce the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells-hPSCs (human embryonic stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells) to defined SMC populations (contractile and synthetic hPSC-SMCs) by extensively characterizing the cellular phenotype (expression of CD44, CD73, CD105, NG2, PDGFRβ, and contractile proteins) and function of hPSC-SMCs. The latter were phenotypically and functionally stable for at least 8 passages, and could stabilize vessel formation and inhibit vessel network regression, when co-cultured with ECs in vitro. Subsequently, using a methylcellulose-based hydrogel system, we generated spheroids consisting of EC/hPSC-SMC (vascular organoids), which were extensively phenotypically characterized. Moreover, the vascular organoids served as focal starting points for the sprouting of capillary-like structures in vitro, whereas their delivery in vivo led to rapid generation of a complex functional vascular network. Finally, we investigated the vascularization potential of these vascular organoids, when embedded in hydrogels composed of defined extracellular components (collagen/fibrinogen/fibronectin) that can be used as scaffolds in tissue engineering applications. In summary, we developed a robust method for the generation of defined SMC phenotypes from hPSCs. Fabrication of vascularized tissue constructs using hPSC-SMC/EC vascular organoids embedded in chemically defined matrices is a significant step forward in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Markou
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.,Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Department of Biomedical Research, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kouroupis
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Department of Biomedical Research, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Fotios Badounas
- Transgenic Technology Laboratory, Inflammation Group, Department of Immunology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Katsouras
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Department of Biomedical Research, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Athena Kyrkou
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Department of Biomedical Research, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Theodore Fotsis
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.,Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Department of Biomedical Research, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Carol Murphy
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Department of Biomedical Research, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Eleni Bagli
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Department of Biomedical Research, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Ioannina, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Ding Y, Johnson R, Sharma S, Ding X, Bryant SJ, Tan W. Tethering transforming growth factor β1 to soft hydrogels guides vascular smooth muscle commitment from human mesenchymal stem cells. Acta Biomater 2020; 105:68-77. [PMID: 31982589 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold great promise for vascular smooth muscle regeneration. However, most studies have mainly relied on extended supplementation of sophisticated biochemical regimen to drive MSC differentiation towards vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs). Herein we demonstrate a concomitant method that exploits the advantages of biomimetic matrix stiffness and tethered transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) to guide vSMC commitment from human MSCs. Our designed poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels, presenting a biomimetic stiffness and tethered TGF-β1, provide an instructive environment to potently upregulate smooth muscle marker expression in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, it significantly enhances the functional contractility of vSMCs derived from MSCs within 3 days. Interestingly, compared to non-tethered one, tethered TGF-β1 enhanced the potency of vSMC commitment on hydrogels. We provide compelling evidence that combining stiffness and tethered TGF-β1 on poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels can be a promising approach to drastically enhance maturation and function of vSMCs from stem cell differentiation in vitro and in vivo. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: A fast, reliable and safe regeneration of vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) from stem cell differentiation is promising for vascular tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications, but remains challenging. Herein, a photo-click hydrogel platform is devised to recapitulate the stiffness of vascular tissue and appropriate presentation of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) to guide vSMC commitment from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). We demonstrate that such concomitant method drastically enhanced regeneration of mature, functional vSMCs from MSCs in vitro and in vivo within only a 3-days span. This work is not only of fundamental scientific importance, revealing how physiochemical factors and the manner of their presentation direct stem cell differentiation, but also attacks the long-standing difficulty in regenerating highly functional vSMCs within a short period.
Collapse
|
105
|
Barisic D, Erb M, Follo M, Al-Mudaris D, Rolauffs B, Hart ML. Lack of a skeletal muscle phenotype in adult human bone marrow stromal cells following xenogeneic-free expansion. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:79. [PMID: 32087752 PMCID: PMC7036219 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-1587-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies have elegantly shown that murine and rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (bmMSCs) contribute to muscle regeneration and improve muscle function. Yet, the ability of transplanted human bmMSCs to manifest myogenic potential shows conflicting results. While human adipose- and umbilical cord-derived MSCs can be differentiated into a skeletal muscle phenotype using horse serum (HS), bmMSCs have only been shown to differentiate towards the skeletal muscle lineage using a complex mixture of cytokines followed by transfection with notch intracellular domain. Methods Since xenogeneic-free growth supplements are increasingly being used in the expansion of bmMSCs in clinical trials, we investigated the effects of human plasma and platelet lysate (P/PL) on the expression of neuromuscular markers and whether P/PL-expanded human bmMSCs could be differentiated towards a skeletal myogenic phenotype. Neuromuscular markers were measured using the highly sensitive droplet digital polymerase chain reaction for measuring the expression of Myf5, MyoD, MyoG, ACTA1, Desmin, GAP-43, and Coronin 1b transcripts, by performing immunofluorescence for the expression of Desmin, GAP-43, and MEF2, and flow cytometry for the expression of CD56/neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM). Results Despite that bmMSCs expressed the myogenic regulatory factor (MRF) MEF2 after expansion in P/PL, bmMSCs cultured under such conditions did not express other essential MRFs including Myf5, MyoD, MyoG, or ACTA1 needed for myogenesis. Moreover, HS did not induce myogenesis of bmMSCs and hence did not induce the expression of any of these myogenic markers. P/PL, however, did lead to a significant increase in neurogenic GAP-43, as well as Desmin expression, and resulted in a high baseline expression of the neurogenic gene Coronin 1b which was sustained under further P/PL or HS culture conditions. Fetal bovine serum resulted in equally high levels of GAP-43 and Coronin 1b. Moreover, the proportion of CD56/NCAM-positive bmMSCs cultured in P/PL was 5.9 ± 2.1. Conclusions These data suggest that P/PL may prime a small portion of bmMSCs towards an early neural precursor cell type. Collectively, this shows that P/PL partially primes the cells towards a neurogenic phenotype, but does not prime adult human bmMSCs towards the skeletal muscle lineage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Barisic
- G.E.R.N. Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration and Neogenesis, Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marita Erb
- G.E.R.N. Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration and Neogenesis, Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marie Follo
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dahlia Al-Mudaris
- G.E.R.N. Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration and Neogenesis, Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Rolauffs
- G.E.R.N. Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration and Neogenesis, Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melanie L Hart
- G.E.R.N. Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration and Neogenesis, Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Yu C, Sharma S, Fang CH, Jeong H, Li J, Joice G, Bivalacqua TJ, Singh A. Aliphatic Chain Modification of Collagen Type I: Development of Elastomeric, Compliant, and Suturable Scaffolds. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:1331-1343. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Shivang Sharma
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Chen Hao Fang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Harrison Jeong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Jiuru Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Gregory Joice
- Department of Urology, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Trinity J. Bivalacqua
- Department of Urology, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
- Departments of Surgery and Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (SKCC), Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Anirudha Singh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Department of Urology, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Heitman N, Sennett R, Mok KW, Saxena N, Srivastava D, Martino P, Grisanti L, Wang Z, Ma'ayan A, Rompolas P, Rendl M. Dermal sheath contraction powers stem cell niche relocation during hair cycle regression. Science 2019; 367:161-166. [PMID: 31857493 DOI: 10.1126/science.aax9131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tissue homeostasis requires the balance of growth by cell production and regression through cell loss. In the hair cycle, during follicle regression, the niche traverses the skin through an unknown mechanism to reach the stem cell reservoir and trigger new growth. Here, we identify the dermal sheath that lines the follicle as the key driver of tissue regression and niche relocation through the smooth muscle contractile machinery that generates centripetal constriction force. We reveal that the calcium-calmodulin-myosin light chain kinase pathway controls sheath contraction. When this pathway is blocked, sheath contraction is inhibited, impeding follicle regression and niche relocation. Thus, our study identifies the dermal sheath as smooth muscle that drives follicle regression for reuniting niche and stem cells in order to regenerate tissue structure during homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Heitman
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachel Sennett
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ka-Wai Mok
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nivedita Saxena
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Devika Srivastava
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pieter Martino
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura Grisanti
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zichen Wang
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, BD2K-LINCS Data Coordination and Integration Center, Knowledge Management Center for Illuminating the Druggable Genome (KMC-IDG), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Avi Ma'ayan
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, BD2K-LINCS Data Coordination and Integration Center, Knowledge Management Center for Illuminating the Druggable Genome (KMC-IDG), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Panteleimon Rompolas
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael Rendl
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Garoffolo G, Pesce M. Mechanotransduction in the Cardiovascular System: From Developmental Origins to Homeostasis and Pathology. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121607. [PMID: 31835742 PMCID: PMC6953076 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With the term ‘mechanotransduction’, it is intended the ability of cells to sense and respond to mechanical forces by activating intracellular signal transduction pathways and the relative phenotypic adaptation. While a known role of mechanical stimuli has been acknowledged for developmental biology processes and morphogenesis in various organs, the response of cells to mechanical cues is now also emerging as a major pathophysiology determinant. Cells of the cardiovascular system are typically exposed to a variety of mechanical stimuli ranging from compression to strain and flow (shear) stress. In addition, these cells can also translate subtle changes in biophysical characteristics of the surrounding matrix, such as the stiffness, into intracellular activation cascades with consequent evolution toward pro-inflammatory/pro-fibrotic phenotypes. Since cellular mechanotransduction has a potential readout on long-lasting modifications of the chromatin, exposure of the cells to mechanically altered environments may have similar persisting consequences to those of metabolic dysfunctions or chronic inflammation. In the present review, we highlight the roles of mechanical forces on the control of cardiovascular formation during embryogenesis, and in the development and pathogenesis of the cardiovascular system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Garoffolo
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Parea, 4, I-20138 Milan, Italy;
- PhD Program in Translational and Molecular Medicine DIMET, Università di Milano - Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Maurizio Pesce
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Parea, 4, I-20138 Milan, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Salerno GRF, Bortolini MAT, Gomes RCT, Feitosa SM, Simões MJ, Zanoteli E, Castanho FL, Castro RA. The molecular effects of electrical stimulation on the muscle components of the urethra of female rats after trauma by vaginal distention. Neurourol Urodyn 2019; 39:576-585. [DOI: 10.1002/nau.24243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gisela R. F. Salerno
- Department of Gynecology, Sector of Urogynecology and Vaginal Surgery Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Maria A. T. Bortolini
- Department of Gynecology, Sector of Urogynecology and Vaginal Surgery Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Regina C. T. Gomes
- Histology and Structural Biology Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Suellen M. Feitosa
- Department of Gynecology, Sector of Urogynecology and Vaginal Surgery Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Manuel J. Simões
- Histology and Structural Biology Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Edmar Zanoteli
- Department of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo Hospital das Clínicas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Fernanda L. Castanho
- Department of Gynecology, Sector of Urogynecology and Vaginal Surgery Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A. Castro
- Department of Gynecology, Sector of Urogynecology and Vaginal Surgery Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
- Sector of Gynecology Hospital Samaritano São Paulo Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Wu Y, Hikspoors JPJM, Mommen G, Dabhoiwala NF, Hu X, Tan LW, Zhang SX, Lamers WH. Interactive three-dimensional teaching models of the female and male pelvic floor. Clin Anat 2019; 33:275-285. [PMID: 31639237 PMCID: PMC7027585 DOI: 10.1002/ca.23508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Controversies regarding structure and function of the pelvic floor persist because of its poor accessibility and complex anatomical architecture. Most data are based on dissection. This "surgical" approach requires profound prior knowledge, because applying the scalpel precludes a "second look." The "sectional" approach does not entail these limitations, but requires segmentation of structures and three-dimensional reconstruction. This approach has produced several "Visible Human Projects." We dealt with limited spatial resolution and difficult-to-segment structures by proceeding from clear-cut to more fuzzy boundaries and comparing segmentation between investigators. We observed that the bicipital levator ani muscle consisted of pubovisceral and puborectal portions; that the pubovisceral muscle formed, together with rectococcygeal and rectoperineal muscles, a rectal diaphragm; that the external anal sphincter consisted of its subcutaneous portion and the puborectal muscle only; that the striated urethral sphincter had three parts, of which the middle (urethral compressor) was best developed in females and the circular lower ("membranous") best in males; that the rectourethral muscle, an anterior extension of the rectal longitudinal smooth muscle, developed a fibrous node in its center (perineal body); that the perineal body was much better developed in females than males, so that the rectourethral subdivision into posterior rectoperineal and anterior deep perineal muscles was more obvious in females; that the superficial transverse perineal muscle attached to the fibrous septa of the ischioanal fat; and that the uterosacral ligaments and mesorectal fascia colocalized. To facilitate comprehension of the modified topography we provide interactive 3D-PDFs that are freely available for teaching purposes. Clin. Anat. 33:275-285, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wu
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute of Digital Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Medicine, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jill P J M Hikspoors
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Greet Mommen
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Noshir F Dabhoiwala
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xin Hu
- Institute of Digital Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Medicine, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li-Wen Tan
- Institute of Digital Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Medicine, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shao-Xiang Zhang
- Institute of Digital Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Medicine, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wouter H Lamers
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Pennings I, van Haaften EE, Jungst T, Bulsink JA, Rosenberg AJWP, Groll J, Bouten CVC, Kurniawan NA, Smits AIPM, Gawlitta D. Layer-specific cell differentiation in bi-layered vascular grafts under flow perfusion. Biofabrication 2019; 12:015009. [PMID: 31553965 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab47f0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bioengineered grafts have the potential to overcome the limitations of autologous and non-resorbable synthetic vessels as vascular substitutes. However, one of the challenges in creating these living grafts is to induce and maintain multiple cell phenotypes with a biomimetic organization. Our biomimetic grafts with heterotypic design hold promises for functional neovessel regeneration by guiding the layered cellular and tissue organization into a native-like structure. In this study, a perfusable two-compartment bioreactor chamber was designed for the further maturation of these vascular grafts, with a compartmentalized exposure of the graft's luminal and outer layer to cell-specific media. We used the system for a co-culture of endothelial colony forming cells and multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in the vascular grafts, produced by combining electrospinning and melt electrowriting. It was demonstrated that the targeted cell phenotypes (i.e. endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs), respectively) could be induced and maintained during flow perfusion. The confluent luminal layer of ECs showed flow responsiveness, as indicated by the upregulation of COX-2, KLF2, and eNOS, as well as through stress fiber remodeling and cell elongation. In the outer layer, the circumferentially oriented, multi-layered structure of MSCs could be successfully differentiated into vSM-like cells using TGFβ, as indicated by the upregulation of αSMA, calponin, collagen IV, and (tropo)elastin, without affecting the endothelial monolayer. The cellular layers inhibited diffusion between the outer and the inner medium reservoirs. This implies tightly sealed cellular layers in the constructs, resulting in truly separated bioreactor compartments, ensuring the exposure of the inner endothelium and the outer smooth muscle-like layer to cell-specific media. In conclusion, using this system, we successfully induced layer-specific cell differentiation with a native-like cell organization. This co-culture system enables the creation of biomimetic neovessels, and as such can be exploited to investigate and improve bioengineered vascular grafts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Pennings
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery & Special Dental Care, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
112
|
Calcium Phosphate Bions Cause Intimal Hyperplasia in Intact Aortas of Normolipidemic Rats through Endothelial Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225728. [PMID: 31731607 PMCID: PMC6888620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium phosphate bions (CPBs) are formed under blood supersaturation with calcium and phosphate owing to the mineral chaperone fetuin-A and representing mineralo-organic particles consisting of bioapatite and multiple serum proteins. While protecting the arteries from a rapid medial calcification, CPBs cause endothelial injury and aggravate intimal hyperplasia in balloon-injured rat aortas. Here, we asked whether CPBs induce intimal hyperplasia in intact rat arteries in the absence of cardiovascular risk factors. Normolipidemic Wistar rats were subjected to regular (once/thrice per week over 5 weeks) tail vein injections of either spherical (CPB-S) or needle-shaped CPBs (CPB-N), magnesium phosphate bions (MPBs), or physiological saline (n = 5 per group). Neointima was revealed in 3/10 and 4/10 rats which received CPB-S or CPB-N, respectively, regardless of the injection regimen or blood flow pattern in the aortic segments. In contrast, none of the rats treated with MPBs or physiological saline had intimal hyperplasia. The animals also did not display signs of liver or spleen injury as well as extraskeletal calcium deposits. Serum alanine/aspartate transaminases, interleukin-1β, MCP-1/CCL2, C-reactive protein, and ceruloplasmin levels did not differ among the groups. Hence, CPBs may provoke intimal hyperplasia via direct endothelial injury regardless of their shape or type of blood flow.
Collapse
|
113
|
Nolasco P, Fernandes CG, Ribeiro-Silva JC, Oliveira PVS, Sacrini M, de Brito IV, De Bessa TC, Pereira LV, Tanaka LY, Alencar A, Laurindo FRM. Impaired vascular smooth muscle cell force-generating capacity and phenotypic deregulation in Marfan Syndrome mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1866:165587. [PMID: 31678158 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms whereby fibrillin-1 mutations determine thoracic aorta aneurysms/dissections (TAAD) in Marfan Syndrome (MFS) are unclear. Most aortic aneurysms evolve from mechanosignaling deregulation, converging to impaired vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) force-generating capacity accompanied by synthetic phenotype switch. However, little is known on VSMC mechanoresponses in MFS pathophysiology. Here, we investigated traction force-generating capacity in aortic VSMC cultured from 3-month old mg∆lpn MFS mice, together with morpho-functional and proteomic data. Cultured MFS-VSMC depicted marked phenotype changes vs. wild-type (WT) VSMC, with overexpressed cell proliferation markers but either lower (calponin-1) or higher (SM alpha-actin and SM22) differentiation marker expression. In parallel, the increased cell area and its complex non-fusiform shape suggested possible transition towards a mesenchymal-like phenotype, confirmed through several markers (e.g. N-cadherin, Slug). MFS-VSMC proteomic profile diverged from that of WT-VSMC particularly regarding lower expression of actin cytoskeleton-regulatory proteins. Accordingly, MFS-VSMC displayed lower traction force-generating capacity and impaired contractile moment at physiological substrate stiffness, and markedly attenuated traction force responses to enhanced substrate rigidity. Such impaired mechanoresponses correlated with decreased number, altered morphology and delocalization of focal adhesions, as well as disorganized actin stress fiber network vs. WT-VSMC. In VSMC cultured from 6-month-old mice, phenotype changes were attenuated and both WT-VSMC and MFS-VSMC generated less traction force, presumably involving VSMC aging, but without evident senescence. In summary, MFS-VSMC display impaired force-generating capacity accompanying a mesenchymal-like phenotype switch connected to impaired cytoskeleton/focal adhesion organization. Thus, MFS-associated TAAD involves mechanoresponse impairment common to other TAAD types, but through distinct mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Nolasco
- Laboratorio de Biologia Vascular, LIM-64 (Biologia Cardiovascular Translacional), Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Gonçalves Fernandes
- Laboratorio de Biologia Vascular, LIM-64 (Biologia Cardiovascular Translacional), Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João Carlos Ribeiro-Silva
- Laboratorio de Genetica e Cardiologia Molecular, Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Percillia V S Oliveira
- Laboratorio de Biologia Vascular, LIM-64 (Biologia Cardiovascular Translacional), Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Sacrini
- Laboratorio de Microrreologia e Fisiologia Molecular, Instituto de Física da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isis Vasconcelos de Brito
- Laboratorio de Microrreologia e Fisiologia Molecular, Instituto de Física da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiphany Coralie De Bessa
- Laboratorio de Biologia Vascular, LIM-64 (Biologia Cardiovascular Translacional), Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lygia V Pereira
- Laboratorio de Genetica Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Y Tanaka
- Laboratorio de Biologia Vascular, LIM-64 (Biologia Cardiovascular Translacional), Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano Alencar
- Laboratorio de Microrreologia e Fisiologia Molecular, Instituto de Física da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco Rafael Martins Laurindo
- Laboratorio de Biologia Vascular, LIM-64 (Biologia Cardiovascular Translacional), Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Chen S, Huang X, Kong X, Sun Z, Zhao F, Huang W, Ye M, Ma K, Tao T, Lv B. Hypoxia-Induced Phenotypic Transformation of Corpus Cavernosum Smooth Muscle Cells After Cavernous Nerve Crush Injury by Down-Regulating P38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Expression. Sex Med 2019; 7:433-440. [PMID: 31540881 PMCID: PMC6963120 DOI: 10.1016/j.esxm.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cavernosal nerve (CN) injury is commonly caused by radical prostatectomy surgery, and it might directly lead to erectile dysfunction (ED). Currently, the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family proteins in phenotypic transformation of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cell (CCSMC) after CNs injury is poorly understood. AIM To investigate the role of p38 MAPK in hypoxia-induced phenotypic transformation of CCSMCs after CN injury. METHODS In total, 20 Sprague-Dawley rats (male and 8 weeks of age) were randomly divided into 2 groups, including a sham group and CNCI group. In the sham group, rats were sham-operated by identifying 2 CNs without causing direct damage to the CNs. In the CNCI group, rats were subjected to bilateral CN crush injury. CCSMCs were isolated from the normal corpus cavernosum tissues of the Sprague-Dawley rat and then cultured in 21% or 1% O2 concentration context for 48 hours. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Intracavernous pressure/mean arterial pressure were analyzed to measure erectile response. The impact of hypoxia on penile pathology, as well as the expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinases, the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, and p38 MAPK, were analyzed. RESULTS Compared with the sham group, the intracavernous pressure/mean arterial pressure rate and α-smooth muscle actin expression of CNCI group were decreased significantly (P = .0001; P = .016, respectively), but vimentin expression was significantly increased (P = .023). Phosphorylated p38 level in CNCI group was decreased significantly (P = .017; sham: 0.17 ± 0.005; CNCI: 0.14 ± 0.02). The CCSMCs in the normoxia group were long fusiform, whereas the morphology of CCSMCs in the hypoxia group became hypertrophic. After hypoxia for 48 hours, the expression of α-smooth muscle actin and phosphorylated p38 MAPK was decreased significantly (P = .01; P = .024, normoxia: 0.66 ± 0.18, hypoxia: 0.26 ± 0.08, respectively), and the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and collagen I was increased significantly in hypoxia group (P = .04; P = .012, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Hypoxia induced the phenotypic transformation of CCSMCs after CNCI might be associated with the downregulation of phosphorylated p38 MAPK. Chen S, Huang X, Kong X, et al. Hypoxia-Induced Phenotypic Transformation of Corpus Cavernosum Smooth Muscle Cells After Cavernous Nerve Crush Injury by Down-Regulating p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Expression. Sex Med 2019;7:433-440.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sixiang Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Huang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; Andrology Laboratory on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xianghui Kong
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaohui Sun
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fan Zhao
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miaoyong Ye
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Tao
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bodong Lv
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; Andrology Laboratory on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Chan JP, Battiston KG, Santerre JP. Synthesis and characterization of electrospun nanofibrous tissue engineering scaffolds generated from in situ polymerization of ionomeric polyurethane composites. Acta Biomater 2019; 96:161-174. [PMID: 31254683 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tissue scaffolds need to be engineered to be cell compatible, have timely biodegradable character, be functional with respect to providing niche cell support for tissue repair and regeneration, readily accommodate multiple cell types, and have mechanical properties that enable the simulation of the native tissue. In this study, electrospun degradable polar hydrophobic ionic polyurethane (D-PHI) scaffolds were generated in order to yield an extracellular matrix-like structure for tissue engineering applications. D-PHI oligomers were synthesized, blended with a degradable linear polycarbonate polyurethane (PCNU), and electrospun with simultaneous in situ UV cross-linking in order to generate aligned nanofibrous scaffolds in the form of elastomeric composite materials. The D-PHI/PCNU scaffold fibre morphology, cross-linking efficiency, surface nature, mechanical properties, in vivo degradation and integration, as well as in vitro cell compatibility were characterized. The results showed that D-PHI/PCNU scaffolds had a high cross-linking efficiency, stronger polar nature, and lower stiffness relative to PCNU scaffolds. In vivo, the D-PHI/PCNU scaffold degraded relatively slowly, thereby enabling new tissue time to form and yielding very good integration with the latter tissue. Based on a study with A10 vascular smooth muscle cells, the D-PHI/PCNU scaffold was able to support high cell viability, adhesion, and expression of typical smooth muscle cell markers after a 7-day culture period, which was comparable to PCNU scaffolds. These characterization results demonstrate that the unique properties of a D-PHI/PCNU scaffold, combined with the benefits of electrospinning, could allow for the generation of a tissue engineered scaffold that mimics important aspects of the native extracellular matrix and could be used for functional tissue regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Tissue engineered scaffolds should recapitulate native extracellular matrix features. This study investigates the processing of a classical polycarbonate polyurethane (PCNU) with a cross-linked and degradable ionomeric polyurethane (D-PHI), polymerized via in situ rapid light curing to yield a 3-dimensional co-electrospun nanofibre matrix with chemical diversity and low modulus character. This research advances the use of D-PHI for tissue engineering applications by providing a facile means of changing physical and chemical properties in classical PCNUs without the need to adjust spinning viscosities of the base polymer. Further, the in vivo and cell culture findings set the stage for introducing unique elastic materials which inherently support wound healing, repair, and regeneration in tissues, for applications that require the recapitulation of native extracellular matrix physical features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer P Chan
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada; Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Kyle G Battiston
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada; Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - J Paul Santerre
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada; Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1G6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Clark GL, Pokutta-Paskaleva AP, Lawrence DJ, Lindsey SH, Desrosiers L, Knoepp LR, Bayer CL, Gleason RL, Miller KS. Smooth muscle regional contribution to vaginal wall function. Interface Focus 2019; 9:20190025. [PMID: 31263538 PMCID: PMC6597518 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2019.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pelvic organ prolapse is characterized as the descent of the pelvic organs into the vaginal canal. In the USA, there is a 12% lifetime risk for requiring surgical intervention. Although vaginal childbirth is a well-established risk factor for prolapse, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Decreased smooth muscle organization, composition and maximum muscle tone are characteristics of prolapsed vaginal tissue. Maximum muscle tone of the vaginal wall was previously investigated in the circumferential or axial direction under uniaxial loading; however, the vaginal wall is subjected to multiaxial loads. Further, the contribution of vaginal smooth muscle basal (resting) tone to mechanical function remains undetermined. The objectives of this study were to determine the contribution of smooth muscle basal and maximum tone to the regional biaxial mechanical behaviour of the murine vagina. Vaginal tissue from C57BL/6 mice was subjected to extension-inflation protocols (n = 10) with and without basal smooth muscle tone. Maximum tone was induced with KCl under various circumferential (n = 5) and axial (n = 5) loading conditions. The microstructure was visualized with multiphoton microscopy (n = 1), multiaxial histology (n = 4) and multiaxial immunohistochemistry (n = 4). Smooth muscle basal tone decreased material stiffness and increased anisotropy. In addition, maximum vaginal tone was decreased with increasing intraluminal pressures. This study demonstrated that vaginal muscle tone contributed to the biaxial mechanical response of murine vaginal tissue. This may be important in further elucidating the underlying mechanisms of prolapse, in order to improve current preventative and treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle L. Clark
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, 6823 St Charles Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Anastassia P. Pokutta-Paskaleva
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Dylan J. Lawrence
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, 6823 St Charles Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Sarah H. Lindsey
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Laurephile Desrosiers
- Department of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Queensland Ochsner Clinical School, 1514 Jefferson Highway, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA
| | - Leise R. Knoepp
- Department of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Queensland Ochsner Clinical School, 1514 Jefferson Highway, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA
| | - Carolyn L. Bayer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, 6823 St Charles Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Rudolph L. Gleason
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Kristin S. Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, 6823 St Charles Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Yeh YT, Wei J, Thorossian S, Nguyen K, Hoffman C, Del Álamo JC, Serrano R, Li YSJ, Wang KC, Chien S. MiR-145 mediates cell morphology-regulated mesenchymal stem cell differentiation to smooth muscle cells. Biomaterials 2019; 204:59-69. [PMID: 30884320 PMCID: PMC6825513 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of biochemical signaling to derive smooth muscle cells (SMCs) from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been explored, but the induction of a fully functional SMC phenotype remains to be a major challenge. Cell morphology has been shown to regulate MSC differentiation into various lineages, including SMCs. We engineered substrates with microgrooves to induce cell elongation to study the mechanism underlying the MSC shape modulation in SMC differentiation. In comparison to those on flat substrates, MSCs cultured on engineered substrates were elongated with increased aspect ratios for both cell body and nucleus, as well as augmented cytoskeletal tensions. Biochemical studies indicated that the microgroove-elongated cells expressed significantly higher levels of SMC markers. MicroRNA analyses showed that up-regulation of miR-145 and the consequent repression of KLF4 in these elongated cells promoted MSC-to-SMC differentiation. Rho/ROCK inhibitions, which impair cytoskeletal tension, attenuated cell and nuclear elongations and disrupted the miR-145/KLF4 regulation for SMC differentiation. Furthermore, cell traction force measurements showed that miR-145 is essential for the functional contractility in the microgroove-induced SMC differentiation. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that, through a Rho-ROCK/miR-145/KLF4 pathway, the elongated cell shape serves as a decisive geometric cue to direct MSC differentiation into functional SMCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Yeh
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States; Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States
| | - Josh Wei
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States; Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States
| | - Satenick Thorossian
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States
| | - Katherine Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States; Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States
| | - Clarissa Hoffman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States; Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States
| | - Juan C Del Álamo
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States
| | - Ricardo Serrano
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States
| | - Yi-Shuan Julie Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States; Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States
| | - Kuei-Chun Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States; Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States.
| | - Shu Chien
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States; Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Zhang J, McIntosh BE, Wang B, Brown ME, Probasco MD, Webster S, Duffin B, Zhou Y, Guo LW, Burlingham WJ, Kent C, Ferris M, Thomson JA. A Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Screen for Smooth Muscle Cell Differentiation and Maturation Identifies Inhibitors of Intimal Hyperplasia. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 12:1269-1281. [PMID: 31080110 PMCID: PMC6565755 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Contractile to synthetic phenotypic switching of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) contributes to stenosis in vascular disease and vascular transplants. To generate more contractile SMCs, we performed a high-throughput differentiation screen using a MYH11-NLuc-tdTomato human embryonic stem cell reporter cell line. We identified RepSox as a factor that promotes differentiation of MYH11-positive cells by promoting NOTCH signaling. RepSox induces SMCs to exhibit a more contractile phenotype than SMCs generated using PDGF-BB and TGF-β1, two factors previously used for SMC differentiation but which also cause intimal hyperplasia. In addition, RepSox inhibited intimal hyperplasia caused by contractile to synthetic phenotypic switching of SMCs in a rat balloon injury model. Thus, in addition to providing more contractile SMCs that could prove useful for constructing artificial blood vessels, this study suggests a strategy for identifying drugs for inhibiting intimal hyperplasia that act by driving contractile differentiation rather than inhibiting proliferation non-specifically. Fully defined differentiation of contractile (95% MYH11+) smooth muscle cells (SMCs) RepSox-NOTCH signal promotes SMC differentiation and inhibits intimal hyperplasia RepSox-SMCs could reduce the risk of intimal hyperplasia compared with PDGF/TGF-SMCs Applying SMC differentiation for high-throughput screening of anti-restenosis drugs
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jue Zhang
- Regenerative Biology, Morgridge Institute for Research, 330 North Orchard Street, Madison, WI 53715, USA.
| | - Brian E McIntosh
- Regenerative Biology, Morgridge Institute for Research, 330 North Orchard Street, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Bowen Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA; College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Matthew E Brown
- Regenerative Biology, Morgridge Institute for Research, 330 North Orchard Street, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Mitchell D Probasco
- Regenerative Biology, Morgridge Institute for Research, 330 North Orchard Street, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Sarah Webster
- Regenerative Biology, Morgridge Institute for Research, 330 North Orchard Street, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Bret Duffin
- Regenerative Biology, Morgridge Institute for Research, 330 North Orchard Street, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Lian-Wang Guo
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA; College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | - Craig Kent
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA; College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Michael Ferris
- College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Computer Sciences, Industrial & Systems Engineering, Mathematics, Optimization, Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - James A Thomson
- Regenerative Biology, Morgridge Institute for Research, 330 North Orchard Street, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Cell & Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular, & Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93117, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Iguchi N, Dönmez Mİ, Carrasco A, Wilcox DT, Pineda RH, Malykhina AP, Cost NG. Doxorubicin induces detrusor smooth muscle impairments through myosin dysregulation, leading to a risk of lower urinary tract dysfunction. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F197-F206. [PMID: 31066574 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00090.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic chemotherapy is the foundation for the treatment of the wide variety of childhood malignancies; however, these therapies are known to have a variety of deleterious side effects. One common chemotherapy used in children, doxorubicin (DOX), is well known to cause cardiotoxicity and cardiomyopathy. Recent studies have revealed that DOX impairs skeletal and smooth muscle function and contributes to fatigue and abnormal intestinal motility in patients. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that systemic DOX administration also affects detrusor smooth muscle (DSM) function in the urinary bladder, especially when administered at a young age. The effects on the DSM and bladder function were assessed in BALB/cJ mice that received six weekly intravenous injections of DOX (3 mg·kg-1·wk-1) or saline for the control group. Systemic DOX administration resulted in DSM hypertrophy, increased voiding frequency, and a significant attenuation of DSM contractility, followed by a slower relaxation compared with the control group. Gene expression analyses revealed that unlike DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, the bladders from DOX-administered animals showed no changes in oxidative stress markers; instead, downregulation of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels and altered expression of myosin light-chain kinase coincided with reduced myosin light-chain phosphorylation. These results indicate that in vivo DOX exposure caused DSM dysfunction by dysregulation of molecules involved in the detrusor contractile-relaxation mechanisms. Collectively, our findings suggest that survivors of childhood cancer treated with DOX may be at increased risk of bladder dysfunction and benefit from followup surveillance of bladder function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nao Iguchi
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine , Aurora, Colorado
| | - M İrfan Dönmez
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine , Aurora, Colorado.,Children's Hospital Colorado , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Alonso Carrasco
- Children's Hospital Colorado , Aurora, Colorado.,Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Duncan T Wilcox
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine , Aurora, Colorado.,Children's Hospital Colorado , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ricardo H Pineda
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Anna P Malykhina
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Nicholas G Cost
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine , Aurora, Colorado.,Children's Hospital Colorado , Aurora, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Noonan J, Grassia G, MacRitchie N, Garside P, Guzik TJ, Bradshaw AC, Maffia P. A Novel Triple-Cell Two-Dimensional Model to Study Immune-Vascular Interplay in Atherosclerosis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:849. [PMID: 31068936 PMCID: PMC6491724 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a complex inflammatory pathology underpinning cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which are the leading cause of death worldwide. The interplay between vascular stromal cells and immune cells is fundamental to the progression and outcome of atherosclerotic disease, however, the majority of in vitro studies do not consider the implications of these interactions and predominantly use mono-culture approaches. Here we present a simple and robust methodology involving the co-culture of vascular endothelial (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) alongside an inflammatory compartment, in our study containing THP-1 macrophages, for studying these complex interactions. Using this approach, we demonstrate that the interaction between vascular stromal and immune cells produces unique cellular phenotypes and soluble mediator profiles not observed in double-cell 2D cultures. Our results highlight the importance of cellular communication and support the growing idea that in vitro research must evolve from mono-culture systems to provide data more representative of the multi-cellular environment found in vivo. The methodology presented, in comparison with established approaches, has the advantage of being technically simple whilst enabling the isolation of pure populations of ECs, SMCs and immune cells directly from the co-culture without cell sorting. The approach described within would be applicable to those studying mechanisms of vascular inflammation, particularly in relation to understanding the impact cellular interaction has on the cumulative immune-vascular response to atherogenic or inflammatory stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Noonan
- Centre for Immunobiology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gianluca Grassia
- Centre for Immunobiology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Neil MacRitchie
- Centre for Immunobiology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Garside
- Centre for Immunobiology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Tomasz J Guzik
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University College of Medicine, Kraków, Poland
| | - Angela C Bradshaw
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Pasquale Maffia
- Centre for Immunobiology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Non-invasive functional molecular phenotyping of human smooth muscle cells utilized in cardiovascular tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2019; 89:193-205. [PMID: 30878445 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Smooth muscle cell (SMC) diversity and plasticity are limiting factors in their characterization and application in cardiovascular tissue engineering. This work aimed to evaluate the potential of Raman microspectroscopy and Raman imaging to distinguish SMCs of different tissue origins and phenotypes. Cultured human SMCs isolated from different vascular and non-vascular tissues as well as fixed human SMC-containing tissues were analyzed. In addition, Raman spectra and images of tissue-engineered SMC constructs were acquired. Routine techniques such as qPCR, histochemistry, histological and immunocytological staining were performed for comparative gene and protein expression analysis. We identified that SMCs of different tissue origins exhibited unique spectral information that allowed a separation of all groups of origin by multivariate data analysis (MVA). We were further able to non-invasively monitor phenotypic switching in cultured SMCs and assess the impact of different culture conditions on extracellular matrix remodeling in the tissue-engineered ring constructs. Interestingly, we identified that the Raman signature of the human SMC-based ring constructs was similar to the one obtained from native aortic tissue. We conclude that Raman microspectroscopic methods are promising tools to characterize cells and define cellular and extracellular matrix components on a molecular level. In this study, in situ measurements were marker-independent, fast, and identified cellular differences that were not detectable by established routine techniques. Perspectively, Raman microspectroscopy and MVA in combination with artificial intelligence can be suitable for automated quality monitoring of (stem) cell and cell-based tissue engineering products. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The accessibility of autologous blood vessels for surgery is limited. Tissue engineering (TE) aims to develop functional vascular replacements; however, no commercially available TE vascular graft (TEVG) exists to date. One limiting factor is the availability of a well-characterized and safe cell source. Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are generally used for TEVGs. To engineer a TEVG, proliferating SMCs of the synthesizing phenotype are essential, whereas functional, sustainable TEVGs require SMCs of the contractile phenotype. SMC diversity and plasticity are therefore limiting factors, also for their quality monitoring and application in TE. In this study, Raman microspectroscopy and imaging combined with machine learning tools allowed the non-destructive, marker-independent characterization of SMCs, smooth muscle tissues and TE SMC-constructs. The spectral information was specific enough to distinguish for the first time the phenotypic switching in SMCs in real-time, and monitor the impact of culture conditions on ECM remodeling in the TE SMC-constructs.
Collapse
|
122
|
Horst M, Eberli D, Gobet R, Salemi S. Tissue Engineering in Pediatric Bladder Reconstruction-The Road to Success. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:91. [PMID: 30984717 PMCID: PMC6449422 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several congenital disorders can cause end stage bladder disease and possibly renal damage in children. The current gold standard therapy is enterocystoplasty, a bladder augmentation using an intestinal segment. However, the use of bowel tissue is associated with numerous complications such as metabolic disturbance, stone formation, urine leakage, chronic infections, and malignancy. Urinary diversions using engineered bladder tissue would obviate the need for bowel for bladder reconstruction. Despite impressive progress in the field of bladder tissue engineering over the past decades, the successful transfer of the approach into clinical routine still represents a major challenge. In this review, we discuss major achievements and challenges in bladder tissue regeneration with a focus on different strategies to overcome the obstacles and to meet the need for living functional tissue replacements with a good growth potential and a long life span matching the pediatric population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maya Horst
- Laboratory for Urologic Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Urology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children‘s Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Eberli
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children‘s Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rita Gobet
- Laboratory for Urologic Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Urology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Souzan Salemi
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children‘s Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Tsai SW, Yu YL, Hsu FY. Fabrication of polycaprolactone tubular scaffolds with an orthogonal-bilayer structure for smooth muscle cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 100:308-314. [PMID: 30948066 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we used electrospinning to prepare a bilayered polycaprolactone (PCL) tubular graft consisting of an internal layer comprising axial nanofibers and an external layer comprising circumferentially aligned nanofibers. Subsequently, the surfaces of the electrospun PCL tubular scaffolds were modified with 1,6-diaminohexane to introduce amino groups and were then chemically conjugated with gelatin (Gel). The amino groups and Gel were successfully immobilized on the PCL scaffolds according to a ninhydrin assay, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopic analysis and contact angle analysis. Additionally, vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs, A7r5) were cultured on random and aligned Gel-PCL scaffolds to evaluate the effects of fiber orientation on cell behavior. The results of immunofluorescence analysis showed that vSMCs on the aligned Gel-PCL scaffolds exhibited a pro-contractile phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiao-Wen Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linko 33305, Taiwan; Department of Periodontics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10507, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ling Yu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City 20224, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Yin Hsu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City 20224, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Gold K, Gaharwar AK, Jain A. Emerging trends in multiscale modeling of vascular pathophysiology: Organ-on-a-chip and 3D printing. Biomaterials 2019; 196:2-17. [PMID: 30072038 PMCID: PMC6344330 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Most biomedical and pharmaceutical research of the human vascular system aims to unravel the complex mechanisms that drive disease progression from molecular to organ levels. The knowledge gained can then be used to innovate diagnostic and treatment strategies which can ultimately be determined precisely for patients. Despite major advancements, current modeling strategies are often limited at identifying, quantifying, and dissecting specific cellular and molecular targets that regulate human vascular diseases. Therefore, development of multiscale modeling approaches are needed that can advance our knowledge and facilitate the design of next-generation therapeutic approaches in vascular diseases. This article critically reviews animal models, static in vitro systems, and dynamic in vitro culture systems currently used to model vascular diseases. A leading emphasis on the potential of emerging approaches, specifically organ-on-a-chip and three-dimensional (3D) printing, to recapitulate the innate human vascular physiology and anatomy is described. The applications of these approaches and future outlook in designing and screening novel therapeutics are also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karli Gold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Akhilesh K Gaharwar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Department of Material Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Center for Remote Health and Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - Abhishek Jain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
CTGF regulates cyclic stretch-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation via microRNA-19b-3p. Exp Cell Res 2019; 376:77-85. [PMID: 30690026 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic stretch regulates proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) during hypertension-induced vascular remodeling, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be studied. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) has been reported associated with several cellular function such as proliferation,migration and adhesion. Herein, the role of CTGF in VSMCs was investigated in response to mechanical cyclic stretch. Here we show that CTGF is up-regulated both in vivo and in vitro during hypertension. Overexpression of CTGF markedly promoted VSMC proliferation, whereas CTGF knockdown attenuated cyclic stretch-induced proliferation. Furthermore, 3'UTR reporter assays revealed that microRNA-19b-3p (miR-19b-3p) directly regulates CTGF expression. Under pathological condition (e.g. 15% cyclic stretch), miR-19b-3p expression was significantly down-regulated; conversely miR-19b-3p overexpression blocked VSMC proliferation. Taken together, these findings indicate that pathological cyclic stretch induces vascular remodeling by promoting VSMC proliferation via miR-19b-3p/CTGF pathway, and point to CTGF as a potential therapeutic target for hypertension.
Collapse
|
126
|
Ng FL, Ong YO, Chen HZ, Tran LQN, Cao Y, Tay BY, Tan LP. A facile method for fabricating a three-dimensional aligned fibrous scaffold for vascular application. RSC Adv 2019; 9:13054-13064. [PMID: 35520779 PMCID: PMC9063778 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00661c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Collection of circumferentially aligned and 3D fibrous scaffold on a newly designed electrospinning auxiliary jig. The aligned fibres served as a signaling modality to induce cell alignment and the maintenance of a contractile phenotype for hSMCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lin Ng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology
| | - Yee Oon Ong
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
| | - Hui Zhi Chen
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
| | - Le Quan Ngoc Tran
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology
- Singapore 637662
- Singapore
| | - Ye Cao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
| | - Bee Yen Tay
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology
- Singapore 637662
- Singapore
| | - Lay Poh Tan
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Choi JS, Seo TS. Orthogonal co-cultivation of smooth muscle cell and endothelial cell layers to construct in vivo-like vasculature. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2019; 13:014115. [PMID: 30867885 PMCID: PMC6404948 DOI: 10.1063/1.5068689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Development of a three-dimensional (3D) vascular co-cultivation system is one of the major challenges to provide an advanced analytical platform for studying blood vessel related diseases. To date, however, the in vivo-like vessel system has not been fully realized due to the difficulty of co-cultivation of the cells with orthogonal alignment. In this study, we report the utilization of microfabrication technology to construct biomimetic 3D co-cultured vasculature. First, microwrinkle patterns whose direction was perpendicular to the axis of a circular microfluidic channel were fabricated, and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were cultured inside the microchannel, leading to an in vivo-like circumferential VSMC layer. Then, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were co-cultured on the circumferentially aligned VSMC, and the success of double layer formation of HUVEC-VSMC in the circular microchannel could be monitored. After HUVEC cultivation, we applied shear flow in order to induce the orientation of HUVEC parallel to the axis, and the analysis of orientation angle and spreading area of HUVECs indicated that they were changed by shear stress to be aligned to the direction of flow. Thus, the HUVEC and VSMC layer could be aligned with a distinct direction. The expression level of VE-Cadherin located at the boundary of HUVECs implies in vivo-like vascular behavior. The proposed in vitro microfluidic vascular assay platform would be valuable for studying vascular diseases with high reliability due to in vivo-likeness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Seob Choi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, DC 98195, USA
| | - Tae Seok Seo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seochon-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Zhu X, Zhao P, Lu Y, Huo L, Bai M, Yu F, Tie Y. Potential injurious effects of the fine particulate PM2.5 on the progression of atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient mice by activating platelets and leukocytes. Arch Med Sci 2019; 15:250-261. [PMID: 30697277 PMCID: PMC6348359 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2018.81039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exposure to the fine particulate matter PM2.5 is strongly associated with atherosclerotic diseases, creating considerable public concern. Nevertheless, the mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. We exposed atherosclerosis-prone apoE-deficient mice to PM2.5 to begin investigating these mechanisms. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-two 8-week-old male apoE-/- mice were divided to two groups fed with high-fat diet: a control group instilled with 0.9% saline, and an experimental group instilled with PM2.5 (30 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks. We measured PM2.5 in whole blood by the ICP-MS method, and lipids and inflammatory factors by standard methods. The whole descending arteries were stained with oil red O; Aortic roots were stained with Movat, Sirius Red and immunohistochemical stains for pathological analysis; Brachiocephalic arteries for scanning electron microscopy, the descending arteries for Q-PCR. Echocardiography was used to evaluate cardiac function. RESULTS In PM2.5 group, we observed elevated heavy metal components, consistent with higher amounts of platelets in total blood. The PM2.5 group also had elevated serum inflammatory factor levels. Finally, the PM2.5 group showed larger atherosclerotic plaques (p = 0.0231), higher numbers of lesion macrophages (p = 0.0183), greater injury to endothelial layers with greater adherence of platelets and leukocytes, elevated inflammatory factor levels, the NAD(P)H oxidase subunits p22phox and p47phox (p = 0.0079 and p = 0.0294), the M1/M2 associated markers IL-6, TNF-α (p = 0.0291, p = 0.0286), iNOS, IL-12 (p = 0.0122 and p = 0.0280) and arginase-1, and CD206 (p = 0.0216 and p = 0.0317). CONCLUSIONS PM2.5 exposure activated circulating leukocytes, platelets and associated inflammatory factors, contributing to the progression of atherosclerosis in apoE-/- mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pei Zhao
- Clinical Laboratory, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yonggang Lu
- Clinical Laboratory, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Lijing Huo
- Clinical Laboratory, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Mingchen Bai
- Clinical Laboratory, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Fang Yu
- Clinical Laboratory, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yanqing Tie
- Hebei North University, Hebei, China
- Clinical Laboratory, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Hooks JS, Clement CC, Nguyen HD, Santambrogio L, Dixon JB. In vitro model reveals a role for mechanical stretch in the remodeling response of lymphatic muscle cells. Microcirculation 2019; 26:e12512. [PMID: 30383330 PMCID: PMC6335159 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Using primary LMCs in vitro, we sought to characterize the impact of LMC remodeling on their functional and molecular response to mechanical loading and culture conditions. METHODS Primary "wounded leg" LMCs were derived from the hindlimb of three sheep who underwent lymphatic injury 6 weeks prior, while "control leg" LMCs were derived from the contralateral, unwounded, limb. Function of the LMCs was characterized in response to media of variable levels of serum (10% vs 0.2%) and glucose (4.5 vs 1 g/L). Functional and proteomic data were evaluated in LMCs exposed to cyclic stretch (0.1 Hz, 7.5% elongation) for 1 week. RESULTS LMCs were sensitive to changes in serum levels, significantly reducing overall activity and collagen synthesis under low serum conditions. LMCs from the remodeled vessel had higher baseline levels of metabolic activity but not collagen synthesis. Cyclic loading induced cellular alignment perpendicular to the axis of stretch and alterations in signaling pathways associated with metabolism. Remodeled LMCs had consistently higher levels of metabolic activity and were more resistant to strain-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS LMCs exist on a functional spectrum, becoming more active in response to stretching and maintaining phenotypic remodeling in response to local lymphatic/tissue damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S.T. Hooks
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology 315 Ferst Dr. Atlanta, GA 30332
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Dr. Atlanta, GA 30313
| | - Cristina C. Clement
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Hoang-Dung Nguyen
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology 315 Ferst Dr. Atlanta, GA 30332
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Laura Santambrogio
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - J. Brandon Dixon
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology 315 Ferst Dr. Atlanta, GA 30332
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Dr. Atlanta, GA 30313
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Gupta P, Moses JC, Mandal BB. Surface Patterning and Innate Physicochemical Attributes of Silk Films Concomitantly Govern Vascular Cell Dynamics. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 5:933-949. [PMID: 33405850 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Functional impairment of vascular cells is associated with cardiovascular pathologies. Recent literature clearly presents evidence relating cell microenvironment and their function. It is crucial to understand the cell-material interaction while designing a functional tissue engineered vascular graft. Natural silk biopolymer has shown potential for various tissue-engineering applications. In the present work, we aimed to explore the combinatorial effect of variable innate physicochemical properties and topographies of silk films on functional behavior of vascular cells. Silk proteins from different varieties (mulberry Bombyx mori, BM; and non-mulberry Antheraea assama, AA) possess unique inherent amino acid composition that leads to variable surface properties (roughness, wettability, chemistry, and mechanical stiffness). In addition, we engineered the silk film surfaces and printed a microgrooved pattern to induce unidirectional cell orientation mimicking their native form. Patterned silk films induced unidirectional alignment of porcine vascular cells. Regardless of alignment, endothelial cells (ECs) proliferated favorably on AA films; however, it suppressed production of nitric oxide (NO), an endogenous vasodilator. Unidirectional alignment of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) encouraged contractile phenotype as indicated by minimal cell proliferation, increment of quiescent (G0) phase cells, and upregulation of contractile genes. Moderately hydrophilic flat BM films induced cell aggregation and augmented the expression of contractile genes (for SMCs) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase, eNOS (for ECs). Functional studies further confirmed SMCs' alignment improving collagen production, remodeling ability (matrix metalloproteinase, MMP-2 and MMP-9 production) and physical contraction. Altogether, this study confirms vascular cells' functional behavior is crucially regulated by synergistic effect of their alignment and cell-substrate interfacial properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prerak Gupta
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
| | - Joseph Christakiran Moses
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
| | - Biman B Mandal
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Zeng M, Luo Y, Xu C, Li R, Chen N, Deng X, Fang D, Wang L, Wu J, Luo M. Platelet-endothelial cell interactions modulate smooth muscle cell phenotype in an in vitro model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2018; 316:C186-C197. [PMID: 30517030 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00428.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Platelet (PLT)-endothelial cell (EC) interaction appears to contribute to phenotypic transition of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which play an important role in the physiological and pathological process of vascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). However, the precise mechanisms by which interactions between PLTs and ECs affect VSMC phenotype have largely remained unclear. We determined the effect of diabetic PLT-EC interaction to influence VSMC migration, proliferation, and phenotypic transformation in triple-cell coculture models using the quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot, fluorescence microscopy, wound scratch assays, CCK-8 assays, and gelatin zymography assays. Our results revealed DM2 PLT-EC interaction to be associated with a significant downregulation of VSMC-specific contractile phenotypic genes and proteins, including SM22α, smooth muscle actin, Smoothelin-B, and smooth muscle-myosin heavy chain. Inversely, VSMC-specific proliferative phenotype gene and protein levels, including cyclin D1 and 2, nonmuscle myosin heavy chain B, and PCNA were in upregulation. Furthermore, the DM2-originated PLT-EC interaction promoted the expression level of transforming growth factor-β1, and the PI3K/Akt and matrix metalloproteinase 9 signaling pathway was activated subsequently. Finally, these reactions contributed to a synthetic phenotype of VSMCs, including the proliferation, migration, and gelatinolytic activities. These findings suggest that PLT-EC interaction modulates the phenotypic transition of VSMCs between a contractile and proliferative/synthetic phenotype under diabetic conditions, conceivably providing important implications regarding the mechanisms controlling the VSMC phenotypic transition and the development of cardiovascular complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yulin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,GCP Center, Affiliated Hospital (Traditional Chinese Medicine) of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chunrong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Rong Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ni Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Dan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Liqun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia , Columbia, Missouri
| | - Mao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Yamashita T, Asano Y, Saigusa R, Taniguchi T, Hirabayashi M, Miyagawa T, Nakamura K, Miura S, Yoshizaki A, Trojanowska M, Sato S. Cyclophosphamide Pulse Therapy Normalizes Vascular Abnormalities in a Mouse Model of Systemic Sclerosis Vasculopathy. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 139:1150-1160. [PMID: 30508546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Intravenous cyclophosphamide pulse, a standard treatment for systemic sclerosis (SSc)-related interstitial lung disease, elicits a disease-modifying effect on SSc vasculopathy, such as fostering microvascular de-remodeling. To investigate the molecular mechanism by which cyclophosphamide mitigates SSc vasculopathy, we employed endothelial cell-specific Fli1 knockout mice that mimic the functional and structural vascular abnormalities characteristic of SSc. Biweekly cyclophosphamide injection improved vascular permeability and structural abnormalities of endothelial cell-specific Fli1 knockout mice in 2 weeks and in 3 months, respectively. In endothelial cell-specific Fli1 knockout mice, a single dose of cyclophosphamide was sufficient to normalize the decreased expression of α-smooth muscle actin in dermal blood vessels and improve the impaired neovascularization in skin-embedded Matrigel plug. Under the same condition, the decreased expression of vascular endothelial cadherin, platelet-derived growth factor B, S1P1, and CCN1 (molecules associated with angiogenesis and/or vasculogenesis) was reversed along with the reversal of endothelial Fli1 expression. In SSc patients, serum CCN1 levels were significantly increased after intravenous cyclophosphamide pulse. Taken together, these results indicate that cyclophosphamide improves Fli1 deficiency-dependent vascular changes by normalizing the expression of angiogenesis- and vasculogenesis-related molecules and endothelial Fli1, which may help to explain the beneficial effect of cyclophosphamide on SSc vasculopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yamashita
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Asano
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Ryosuke Saigusa
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Megumi Hirabayashi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Miyagawa
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouki Nakamura
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Miura
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumi Yoshizaki
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maria Trojanowska
- Arthritis Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shinichi Sato
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Shen K, Kenche H, Zhao H, Li J, Stone J. The role of extracellular matrix stiffness in regulating cytoskeletal remodeling via vinculin in synthetic smooth muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 508:302-307. [PMID: 30502091 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.11.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Vinculin is a key player in sensing and responding to external mechanical cues such as extracellular matrix stiffness. Increased matrix stiffness is often associated with certain pathological conditions including hypertension induced cellular cytoskeleton changes in vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells. However, little is known on how stiffness affects cytoskeletal remodeling via vinculin in VSM cells. Thus, we utilized matrices with elastic moduli that simulate vascular stiffness in different stages of hypertension to investigate how matrix stiffness regulates cell cytoskeleton via vinculin in synthetic VSM cells. Through selecting a suitable reference gene, we found that an increase in physiologically relevant extracellular matrix stiffness (2-50 kPa) downregulates vinculin gene expression but upregulates vinculin protein expression. This discrepancy, which was not observed previously for non-muscle cells, suggests that the vinculin-mediated mecahnotransduction mechanism in synthetic VSM cells may be more complex than those proposed for non-muscle cells. Also adding to previous findings, we found that VSM cell growth may be impeded by substrates that are either too soft or too rigid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Forensic Science, Savannah State University, Savannah, GA, 31404, USA.
| | - Harshavardhan Kenche
- Department of Chemistry and Forensic Science, Savannah State University, Savannah, GA, 31404, USA
| | - Hua Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, 80639, USA
| | - Jinping Li
- Department of Biomedical Science, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA, 31404, USA
| | - Jasimine Stone
- Department of Chemistry and Forensic Science, Savannah State University, Savannah, GA, 31404, USA
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Lacey M, Baribault C, Ehrlich KC, Ehrlich M. Atherosclerosis-associated differentially methylated regions can reflect the disease phenotype and are often at enhancers. Atherosclerosis 2018; 280:183-191. [PMID: 30529831 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Atherosclerosis is a widespread and complicated disease involving phenotypic modulation and transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), the predominant cells in aorta, as well as changes in endothelial cells and infiltrating monocytes. Alterations in DNA methylation are likely to play central roles in these phenotypic changes, just as they do in normal differentiation and cancer. METHODS We examined genome-wide DNA methylation changes in atherosclerotic aorta using more stringent criteria for differentially methylated regions (DMRs) than in previous studies and compared these DMRs to tissue-specific epigenetic features. RESULTS We found that disease-linked hypermethylated DMRs account for 85% of the total atherosclerosis-associated DMRs and often overlap aorta-associated enhancer chromatin. These hypermethylated DMRs were associated with functionally different sets of genes compared to atherosclerosis-linked hypomethylated DMRs. The extent and nature of the DMRs could not be explained as direct effects of monocyte/macrophage infiltration. Among the known atherosclerosis- and contractile SMC-related genes that exhibited hypermethylated DMRs at aorta enhancer chromatin were ACTA2 (aorta α2 smooth muscle actin), ELN (elastin), MYOCD (myocardin), C9orf3 (miR-23b and miR-27b host gene), and MYH11 (smooth muscle myosin). Our analyses also suggest a role in atherosclerosis for developmental transcription factor genes having little or no previous association with atherosclerosis, such as NR2F2 (COUP-TFII) and TBX18. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence for atherosclerosis-linked DNA methylation changes in aorta SMCs that might help minimize or reverse the standard contractile character of many of these cells by down-modulating aorta SMC-related enhancers, thereby facilitating pro-atherosclerotic phenotypic changes in many SMCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Lacey
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, LA, 70112, USA; Department of Mathematics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Carl Baribault
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Kenneth C Ehrlich
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, USA
| | - Melanie Ehrlich
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, LA, 70112, USA; Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, USA; Hayward Genetics Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Nguyen TU, Shojaee M, Bashur CA, Kishore V. Electrochemical fabrication of a biomimetic elastin-containing bi-layered scaffold for vascular tissue engineering. Biofabrication 2018; 11:015007. [PMID: 30411718 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aaeab0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Biomimetic tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) have immense potential to replace diseased small-diameter arteries (<4 mm) for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, biomimetic approaches developed thus far only partially recapitulate the physicochemical properties of the native vessel. While it is feasible to fabricate scaffolds that are compositionally similar to native vessels (collagen and insoluble elastic matrix) using freeze-drying, these scaffolds do not mimic the aligned topography of collagen and elastic fibers found in native vessels. Extrusion-based scaffolds exhibit anisotropic collagen orientation but these scaffolds are compositionally dissimilar (cannot incorporate insoluble elastic matrix). In this study, an electrochemical fabrication technique was employed to develop a biomimetic elastin-containing bi-layered collagen scaffold which is compositionally and structurally similar to native vessels and the effect of insoluble elastin incorporation on scaffold mechanics and smooth muscle cell (SMC) response was investigated. Further, the functionality of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) on the scaffold lumen surface was assessed via immunofluorescence. Results showed that incorporation of insoluble elastin maintained the overall collagen alignment within electrochemically aligned collagen (ELAC) fibers and this underlying aligned topography can direct cellular orientation. Ring test results showed that circumferential orientation of ELAC fibers significantly improved scaffold mechanics. Real-time PCR revealed that the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (Acta2) and myosin heavy chain (MyhII) was significantly higher on elastin containing scaffolds suggesting that the presence of insoluble elastin can promote contractility in SMCs. Further, mechanical properties of the scaffolds significantly improved post-culture indicating the presence of a mature cell-synthesized and remodeled matrix. Finally, HUVECs expressed functional markers on collagen lumen scaffolds. In conclusion, electrochemical fabrication is a viable method for the generation of a functional biomimetic TEVG with the potential to be used in bypass surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thuy-Uyen Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, United States of America
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
136
|
Gallego-Colon E, Wojakowski W, Francuz T. Incretin drugs as modulators of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2018; 278:29-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
137
|
Roveimiab Z, Lin F, Anderson JE. Emerging Development of Microfluidics-Based Approaches to Improve Studies of Muscle Cell Migration. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2018; 25:30-45. [PMID: 30073911 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2018.0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT The essential interactions between and among cells in the three types of muscle tissue in development, wound healing, and regeneration of tissues, are underpinned by the ability of cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscle cells to migrate in maintaining functional capacity after pathologies such as myocardial infarction, tissue grafting, and traumatic and postsurgical injury. Microfluidics-based devices now offer significant enhancement over conventional approaches to studying cell chemotaxis and haptotaxis that are inherent in migration. Advances in experimental approaches to muscle cell movement and tissue formation will contribute to innovations in tissue engineering for patching wound repair and muscle tissue replacement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziba Roveimiab
- 1 Department of Biological Sciences and University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,2 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Francis Lin
- 1 Department of Biological Sciences and University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,2 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Judy E Anderson
- 1 Department of Biological Sciences and University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
The Yin and Yang of carbon nanomaterials in atherosclerosis. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:2232-2247. [PMID: 30342084 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With unique characteristics such as high surface area, capacity of various functionalization, low weight, high conductivity, thermal and chemical stability, and free radical scavenging, carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), fullerene, graphene (oxide), carbon nanohorns (CNHs), and their derivatives have increasingly been utilized in nanomedicine and biomedicine. On the one hand, owing to ever-increasing applications of CNMs in technological and industrial fields as well as presence of combustion-derived CNMs in the ambient air, the skepticism has risen over the adverse effects of CNMs on human being. The influences of CNMs on cardiovascular system and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as atherosclerosis, of which consequences are ischemic heart disease and ischemic stroke, as the main causes of death, is of paramount importance. In this regard, several studies have been devoted to specify the biomedical applications and cardiovascular toxicity of CNMs. Therefore, the aim of this review is to specify the roles and applications of various CNMs in atherosclerosis, and also identify the key role playing parameters in cardiovascular toxicity of CNMs so as to be a clue for prospective deployment of CNMs.
Collapse
|
139
|
Up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1 expression and inhibition of disease-associated features by cannabidiol in vascular smooth muscle cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:34595-34616. [PMID: 30349652 PMCID: PMC6195385 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) have been closely linked to the development and progression of cardiovascular and cancer diseases. The cytoprotective enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has been shown to mediate anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effects in VSMC. This study investigates the effect of cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive cannabinoid, on HO-1 expression and disease-associated functions of human umbilical artery smooth muscle cells (HUASMC). HO-1 protein and mRNA were significantly increased by CBD in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Although the expression of several cannabinoid-activated receptors (CB1, CB2, G protein-coupled receptor 55, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1) was verified in HUASMC, CBD was shown to induce HO-1 via none of these targets. Instead, the CBD-mediated increase in HO-1 protein was reversed by the glutathione precursor N-acetylcysteine, indicating the participation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling; this was confirmed by flow cytometry-based ROS detection. CBD-induced HO-1 expression was accompanied by inhibition of growth factor-mediated proliferation and migration of HUASMC. However, neither inhibition of HO-1 activity nor knockdown of HO-1 protein attenuated CBD-mediated anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effects. Indeed, inhibition or depletion of HO-1 resulted in induction of apoptosis and intensified CBD-mediated effects on proliferation and migration. Collectively, this work provides the first indication of CBD-mediated enhancement of HO-1 in VSMC and potential protective effects against aberrant VSMC proliferation and migration. On the other hand, our data argue against a role of HO-1 in CBD-mediated inhibition of proliferation and migration while substantiating its anti-apoptotic role in oxidative stress-mediated cell fate.
Collapse
|
140
|
Estrogen in vascular smooth muscle cells: A friend or a foe? Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 111:15-21. [PMID: 30227233 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to be the leading cause of death worldwide. The effect of estrogen on these diseases has been assessed in in vitro and in vivo models, as well as in observational studies. Collectively, these studies alluded to a cardiovasculo-protective effect of estrogen. However, comprehensive clinical investigation failed to produce concrete proof of a cardiovascular protective effect for hormone replacement therapy (HRT), let alone rule out potential harm. These seemingly paradoxical effects of estrogen were explained by the 'theory of timing and opportunity'. This theory states that the effect of estrogen, whether cardiovasculo-protective or pathological, significantly depends on the age of the individual when estrogen administration takes place. Here, we review the conflicting effects of estrogen on vascular smooth muscle cells, mainly proliferation and migration as two cellular capacities intimately related to physiology and pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system. Furthermore, we critically discuss the major parameters and signaling pathways that may account for the aforementioned paradoxical observations, as well as the key molecular players involved.
Collapse
|
141
|
Sun R, Zhang W, Zhong H, Wang L, Tang N, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Zhang T, He F. Calcimimetic R568 reduced the blood pressure and improved aortic remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats by inhibiting local renin-angiotensin system activity. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:4089-4099. [PMID: 30402152 PMCID: PMC6200994 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a cardiovascular disease that seriously affects human health. Activation of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) inhibits cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) formation by increasing [Ca2+]i and subsequently inhibiting renin release. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in the development of essential hypertension (EH). The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of NPSR568 (R568)-activated CaSR on blood pressure (BP), proliferation, and remodeling of vascular smooth muscle cells, and the activity of the RAS in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). In this study, we treated SHR and Wistar-Kyoto rats with R568 for 8 weeks. The tail-cuff method was used to assess rat BP weekly. Morphological changes in the thoracic aorta were evaluated with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson staining. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of RAS-related proteins and proliferative remodeling proteins in the thoracic aorta. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the content of cAMP, the RAS, and the CaSR in plasma and the thoracic aorta. Finally, we found that treatment with R568 for 8 weeks reduced the BP and inhibited arterial vascular proliferation remodeling in SHRs. R568 administration significantly suppressed the activity of local RAS in the thoracic aortas of SHRs. Moreover, R568 treatment reversed the low expression of CaSR in SHRs. R568 may serve as an effective strategy against EH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology/Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology/Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China.,Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Hua Zhong
- Department of Pathophysiology/Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Lamei Wang
- Centre of Medical Functional Experiments, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Na Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology/Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Yongmin Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology/Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Yongli Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology/Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology/Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Fang He
- Department of Pathophysiology/Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Kobayashi M, Khalil HA, Lei NY, Wang Q, Wang K, Wu BM, Dunn JCY. Bioengineering functional smooth muscle with spontaneous rhythmic contraction in vitro. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13544. [PMID: 30202095 PMCID: PMC6131399 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31992-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oriented smooth muscle layers in the intestine contract rhythmically due to the action of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) that serve as pacemakers of the intestine. Disruption of ICC networks has been reported in various intestinal motility disorders, which limit the quality and expectancy of life. A significant challenge in intestinal smooth muscle engineering is the rapid loss of function in cultured ICC and smooth muscle cells (SMC). Here we demonstrate a novel approach to maintain the function of both ICC and SMC in vitro. Primary intestinal SMC mixtures cultured on feeder cells seeded electrospun poly(3-caprolactone) scaffolds exhibited rhythmic contractions with directionality for over 10 weeks in vitro. The simplicity of this system should allow for wide usage in research on intestinal motility disorders and tissue engineering, and may prove to be a versatile platform for generating other types of functional SMC in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masae Kobayashi
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Hassan A Khalil
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Nan Ye Lei
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Benjamin M Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Division of Advanced Prosthodontics & Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - James C Y Dunn
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. .,Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
Bilhar AP, Bortolini MA, Sé AB, Feitosa SM, Salerno GR, Zanoteli E, Simões MJ, Castro RA. Molecular and immunohistochemical analysis of the urethra of female rats after induced trauma and intravenous therapy with muscle derived stem cells. Neurourol Urodyn 2018; 37:2151-2159. [DOI: 10.1002/nau.23567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexandre B. Sé
- Department of Gynecology; Federal University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Suellen M. Feitosa
- Department of Gynecology; Federal University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Edmar Zanoteli
- Department of Neurology; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Manuel J. Simões
- Department of Gynecology; Federal University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A. Castro
- Department of Gynecology; Federal University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
144
|
Stowell CET, Wang Y. Quickening: Translational design of resorbable synthetic vascular grafts. Biomaterials 2018; 173:71-86. [PMID: 29772461 PMCID: PMC6492619 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Traditional tissue-engineered vascular grafts have yet to gain wide clinical use. The difficulty of scaling production of these cell- or biologic-based products has hindered commercialization. In situ tissue engineering bypasses such logistical challenges by using acellular resorbable scaffolds. Upon implant, the scaffolds become remodeled by host cells. This review describes the scientific and translational advantages of acellular, synthetic vascular grafts. It surveys in vivo results obtained with acellular synthetics over their fifty years of technological development. Finally, it discusses emerging principles, highlights strategic considerations for designers, and identifies questions needing additional research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yadong Wang
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Kwon SH, Li L, Terry CM, Shiu YT, Moos PJ, Milash BA, Cheung AK, Blumenthal DK. Differential gene expression patterns in vein regions susceptible versus resistant to neointimal hyperplasia. Physiol Genomics 2018; 50:615-627. [PMID: 29750603 PMCID: PMC6139633 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00082.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Arteriovenous hemodialysis graft (AVG) stenosis results in thrombosis and AVG failure, but prevention of stenosis has been unsuccessful due in large part to our limited understanding of the molecular processes involved in neointimal hyperplasia (NH) formation. AVG stenosis develops chiefly as a consequence of highly localized NH formation in the vein-graft anastomosis region. Surprisingly, the vein region just downstream of the vein-graft anastomosis (herein termed proximal vein region) is relatively resistant to NH. We hypothesized that the gene expression profiles of the NH-prone and NH-resistant regions will be different from each other after graft placement, and analysis of their genomic profiles may yield potential therapeutic targets to prevent AVG stenosis. To test this, we evaluated the vein-graft anastomosis (NH-prone) and proximal vein (NH-resistant) regions in a porcine model of AVG stenosis with a porcine microarray. Gene expression changes in these two distinct vein regions, relative to the gene expression in unoperated control veins, were examined at early (5 days) and later (14 days) time points following graft placement. Global genomic changes were much greater in the NH-prone region than in the NH-resistant region at both time points. In the NH-prone region, genes related to regulation of cell proliferation and osteo-/chondrogenic vascular remodeling were most enriched among the significantly upregulated genes, and genes related to smooth muscle phenotype were significantly downregulated. These results provide insights into the spatial and temporal genomic modulation underlying NH formation in AVG and suggest potential therapeutic strategies to prevent and/or limit AVG stenosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun Hyung Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Li Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Christi M Terry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Yan-Ting Shiu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Philip J Moos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Brett A Milash
- Bioinformatics Shared Resource, University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Alfred K Cheung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
- Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , People's Republic of China
| | - Donald K Blumenthal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Rim NG, Yih A, Hsi P, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wong JY. Micropatterned cell sheets as structural building blocks for biomimetic vascular patches. Biomaterials 2018; 181:126-139. [PMID: 30081303 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To successfully develop a functional tissue-engineered vascular patch, recapitulating the hierarchical structure of vessel is critical to mimic mechanical properties. Here, we use a cell sheet engineering strategy with micropatterning technique to control structural organization of bovine aortic vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) sheets. Actin filament staining and image analysis showed clear cellular alignment of VSMC sheets cultured on patterned substrates. Viability of harvested VSMC sheets was confirmed by Live/Dead® cell viability assay after 24 and 48 h of transfer. VSMC sheets stacked to generate bilayer VSMC patches exhibited strong inter-layer bonding as shown by lap shear test. Uniaxial tensile testing of monolayer VSMC sheets and bilayer VSMC patches displayed nonlinear, anisotropic stress-stretch response similar to the biomechanical characteristic of a native arterial wall. Collagen content and structure were characterized to determine the effects of patterning and stacking on extracellular matrix of VSMC sheets. Using finite-element modeling to simulate uniaxial tensile testing of bilayer VSMC patches, we found the stress-stretch response of bilayer patterned VSMC patches under uniaxial tension to be predicted using an anisotropic hyperelastic constitutive model. Thus, our cell sheet harvesting system combined with biomechanical modeling is a promising approach to generate building blocks for tissue-engineered vascular patches with structure and mechanical behavior mimicking native tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nae Gyune Rim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Alice Yih
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Peter Hsi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yunjie Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, and Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yanhang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, and Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Joyce Y Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Ding Y, Xu X, Sharma S, Floren M, Stenmark K, Bryant SJ, Neu CP, Tan W. Biomimetic soft fibrous hydrogels for contractile and pharmacologically responsive smooth muscle. Acta Biomater 2018; 74:121-130. [PMID: 29753912 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The ability to assess changes in smooth muscle contractility and pharmacological responsiveness in normal or pathological-relevant vascular tissue environments is critical to enable vascular drug discovery. However, major challenges remain in both capturing the complexity of in vivo vascular remodeling and evaluating cell contractility in complex, tissue-like environments. Herein, we developed a biomimetic fibrous hydrogel with tunable structure, stiffness, and composition to resemble the native vascular tissue environment. This hydrogel platform was further combined with the combinatory protein array technology as well as advanced approaches to measure cell mechanics and contractility, thus permitting evaluation of smooth muscle functions in a variety of tissue-like microenvironments. Our results demonstrated that biomimetic fibrous structure played a dominant role in smooth muscle function, while the presentation of adhesion proteins co-regulated it to various degrees. Specifically, fibre networks enabled cell infiltration and upregulated expression of actomyosin proteins in contrast to flat hydrogels. Remarkably, fibrous structure and physiologically relevant stiffness of hydrogels cooperatively enhanced smooth muscle contractility and pharmacological responses to vasoactive drugs at both the single cell and intact tissue levels. Together, this study is the first to demonstrate alterations of human vascular smooth muscle contractility and pharmacological responsiveness in biomimetic soft, fibrous environments with a cellular array platform. The integrated platform produced here could enable investigations for pathobiology and pharmacological interventions by developing a broad range of patho-physiologically relevant in vitro tissue models. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Engineering functional smooth muscle in vitro holds the great potential for diseased tissue replacement and drug testing. A central challenge is recapitulating the smooth muscle contractility and pharmacological responses given its significant phenotypic plasticity in response to changes in environment. We present a biomimetic fibrous hydrogel with tunable structure, stiffness, and composition that enables the creation of functional smooth muscle tissues in the native-like vascular tissue microenvironment. Such fibrous hydrogel is further combined with the combinatory protein array technology to construct a cellular array for evaluation of smooth muscle phenotype, contraction, and cell mechanics. The integrated platform produced here could be promising for developing a broad range of normal or diseased in vitro tissue models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Ding
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Sadhana Sharma
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Michael Floren
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kurt Stenmark
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Stephanie J Bryant
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; BioFrontiers Institute, Material Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Corey P Neu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
148
|
Gatti JR, Zhang X, Korcari E, Lee SJ, Greenstone N, Dean JG, Maripudi S, Wang MM. Redistribution of Mature Smooth Muscle Markers in Brain Arteries in Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy. Transl Stroke Res 2018; 10:10.1007/s12975-018-0643-x. [PMID: 29931596 PMCID: PMC6309602 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-018-0643-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) undergo a series of dramatic changes in CADASIL, the most common inherited cause of vascular dementia and stroke. NOTCH3 protein accumulates and aggregates early in CADASIL, followed by loss of mature SMCs from the media of brain arteries and marked intimal proliferation. Similar intimal thickening is seen in peripheral arterial disease, which features pathological intimal cells including proliferative, dedifferentiated, smooth muscle-like cells deficient in SMC markers. Limited studies have been performed to investigate the differentiation state and location of SMCs in brain vascular disorders. Thus, we investigated the distribution of cells expressing SMC markers in a group of genetically characterized, North American CADASIL brains. We quantified brain RNA abundance of these markers in nine genetically verified cases of CADASIL and found that mRNA expression for several mature SMC markers was increased in CADASIL brain compared to age-matched control. Immunohistochemical studies and in situ hybridization localization of mRNA demonstrated loss of SMCs from the arterial media, and SMC marker-expressing cells were instead redistributed into the intima of diseased arteries and around balloon cells of the degenerating media. We conclude that, despite loss of medial smooth muscle cells in diseased arteries, smooth muscle markers are not lost from CADASIL brain, but rather, the localization of cells expressing mature SMC markers changes dramatically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John R Gatti
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5622, USA
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5622, USA
| | - Ejona Korcari
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5622, USA
| | - Soo Jung Lee
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5622, USA
| | - Nya Greenstone
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5622, USA
| | - Jon G Dean
- Department Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, 7625 Medical Science Building II Box 5622, 1137 Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5622, USA
| | - Snehaa Maripudi
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5622, USA
| | - Michael M Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5622, USA.
- Department Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, 7625 Medical Science Building II Box 5622, 1137 Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5622, USA.
- Neurology Service, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Singh A, Lee D, Jeong H, Yu C, Li J, Fang CH, Sabnekar P, Liu X, Yoshida T, Sopko N, Bivalacqua TJ. Tissue-Engineered Neo-Urinary Conduit from Decellularized Trachea. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 24:1456-1467. [PMID: 29649957 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Decellularized tissues have been increasingly popular for constructing scaffolds for tissue engineering applications due to their beneficial biological compositions and mechanical properties. It is therefore natural to consider decellularized trachea for construction of tissue-engineered trachea, as well as other tubular organs. A Neo-Urinary Conduit (NUC) is such a tubular organ that works as a passage for urine removal in bladder cancer patients who need a urinary diversion after their diseased bladder is removed. In this study, we report our findings on the feasibility of using a decellularized trachea for NUC applications. As a NUC scaffold, decellularized trachea provides benefits of having not only naturally occurring biological components but also having sufficient mechanical properties and structural integrity. We, therefore, decellularized rabbit trachea, evaluated its mechanical performance, and investigated its ability to support in vitro growth of human smooth muscle cells (hSMCs) and human urothelial cells (hUCs). The decellularized trachea had appropriate biomechanical properties with ultimate tensile strength of ∼0.34 MPa in longitudinal direction and ∼1.0 MPa in circumferential direction and resisted a radial burst pressure of >155 mm Hg. Cell morphology study by scanning electron microscopy further showed that hUCs grown on decellularized trachea adopted a typical flatten and interconnected network structure in the lumen of the scaffold, while they formed a round spherical shape and did not spread on the outer surfaces. SMCs, on the other hand, spread well throughout the scaffold. The gene expression analysis by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunofluorescence studies further confirmed scaffold's ability to support long-term growth of hSMCs. Since uroepithelium has been shown to regenerate itself over time in vivo, these findings suggest that it is possible to construct a NUC from decellularized trachea without any preseeding of UCs. In future, we plan to translate decellularized trachea in a preclinical animal model and evaluate its biological performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anirudha Singh
- 1 Department of Urology, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute , The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- 2 Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
- 3 Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David Lee
- 3 Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Harrison Jeong
- 2 Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christine Yu
- 4 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jiuru Li
- 2 Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chen Hao Fang
- 2 Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Praveena Sabnekar
- 1 Department of Urology, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute , The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xiaopu Liu
- 1 Department of Urology, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute , The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Takahiro Yoshida
- 1 Department of Urology, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute , The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nikolai Sopko
- 1 Department of Urology, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute , The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Trinity J Bivalacqua
- 1 Department of Urology, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute , The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- 5 Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (SKCC) , Baltimore, Maryland
- 6 Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (SKCC) , Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
Eberli D, Horst M, Mortezavi A, Andersson KE, Gobet R, Sulser T, Simon HU, Salemi S. Increased autophagy contributes to impaired smooth muscle function in neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction. Neurourol Urodyn 2018; 37:2414-2424. [PMID: 29797356 DOI: 10.1002/nau.23705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To explore whether autophagy plays a role in the remodeling of bladder smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in children with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD), we investigated the effect of autophagy in NLUTD in the paediatric population. METHODS Bladder biopsies were taken from children with NLUTD and healthy donors as controls. Samples were labeled with the SMC markers calponin, smoothelin, and the autophagy proteins LC3, ATG5, and Beclin1. The contractile ability of bladder derived SMCs was investigated. RESULTS ATG5 gene and protein was upregulated in NLUTD muscle tissue compared to normal bladder. NLUTD muscle exhibited a punctated immunostaining pattern for LC3 in a subset of the SMCs, confirming the accumulation of autophagosomes. Pronounced elevation of ATG5 in the SMC in NLUTD tissue was associated with a downregulation of the key contractile proteins smoothelin and calponin. Pharmacological blocking of autophagy completely stopped the cells growth in normal bladder SMCs. Inhibition of autophagy in the NLUTD SMCs, with already elevated levels of ATG5, resulted in a reduction of ATG5 protein expression to the basal level found in normal controls. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that autophagy is an important factor affecting the remodeling of SMCs and the alteration of functionality in bladder smooth muscle tissue in the NLUTD. Since autophagy can be influenced by oral medication, this finding might lead to novel strategies preventing the deterioration of NLUTD muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Eberli
- Department of Urology, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maya Horst
- Division of Paediatric Urology, Department of Paediatric Surgery, University Children's Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ashkan Mortezavi
- Department of Urology, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Erik Andersson
- Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - Rita Gobet
- Division of Paediatric Urology, Department of Paediatric Surgery, University Children's Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tullio Sulser
- Department of Urology, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Souzan Salemi
- Department of Urology, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|