101
|
The Comparative Associations of Ultrasound and Computed Tomography Estimates of Muscle Quality with Physical Performance and Metabolic Parameters in Older Men. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7100340. [PMID: 30308959 PMCID: PMC6210142 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7100340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Estimates of muscle tissue composition may have greater prognostic value than lean body mass levels regarding health-related outcomes. Ultrasound provides a relatively low cost, safe, and accessible mode of imaging to assess muscle morphology. The purpose of this study was to determine the construct validity of muscle echogenicity as a surrogate measure of muscle quality in a sample of older, predominantly African American (AA) participants. We examined the association of rectus femoris echogenicity with mid-thigh computed tomography (CT) scan estimates of intra- and intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), basic metabolic parameters via blood sample analysis, muscle strength, and mobility status. This observational study was conducted at a federal medical center and included 30 community-dwelling men (age, 62.5 ± 9.2; AA, n = 24; Caucasian, n = 6). IMAT estimates were significantly associated with echogenicity (r = 0.73, p < 0.001). Echogenicity and IMAT exhibited similar associations with the two-hour postprandial glucose values and high-density lipoproteins values (p < 0.04), as well as grip and isokinetic (180°/s) knee extension strength adjusted for body size (p < 0.03). The significant relationship between ultrasound and CT muscle composition estimates, and their comparative association with key health-related outcomes, suggests that echogenicity should be further considered as a surrogate measure of muscle quality.
Collapse
|
102
|
Ferretti R, Moura EG, dos Santos VC, Caldeira EJ, Conte M, Matsumura CY, Pertille A, Mosqueira M. High-fat diet suppresses the positive effect of creatine supplementation on skeletal muscle function by reducing protein expression of IGF-PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199728. [PMID: 30286093 PMCID: PMC6171830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat (HF) diets in combination with sedentary lifestyle represent one of the major public health concerns predisposing to obesity and diabetes leading to skeletal muscle atrophy, decreased fiber diameter and muscle mass with accumulation of fat tissue resulting in loss of muscle strength. One strategy to overcome the maleficent effects of HF diet is resistance training, a strategy used to improve muscle mass, reverting the negative effects on obesity-related changes in skeletal muscle. Together with resistance training, supplementation with creatine monohydrate (CrM) in the diet has been used to improve muscle mass and strength. Creatine is a non-essential amino acid that is directly involved in the cross-bridge cycle providing a phosphate group to ADP during the initiation of muscle contraction. Besides its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects CrM also upregulates IGF-1 resulting in hyperthophy with an increase in muscle function. However, it is unknown whether CrM supplementation during resistance training would revert the negative effects of high-fat diet on the muscle performance. During 8 weeks we measured muscle performance to climb a 1.1m and 80° ladder with increasing load on trained rats that had received standard diet or high-fat diet, supplemented or not with CrM. We observed that the CrM supplementation up-regulated IGF-1 and phospho-AKT protein levels, suggesting an activation of the IGF1-PI3K-Akt/PKB-mTOR pathway. Moreover, despite the CrM supplementation, HF diet down-regulated several proteins of the IGF1-PI3K-Akt/PKB-mTOR pathway, suggesting that diet lipid content is crucial to maintain or improve muscle function during resistance training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renato Ferretti
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Bioscience of Botucatu, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail: (RF); (MM)
| | - Eliezer Guimarães Moura
- Laboratory of Physical Activity, Metabolism and Health, Centro Universitario Adventista de Sao Paulo, Hortolandia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Veridiana Carvalho dos Santos
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Bioscience of Botucatu, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo José Caldeira
- Department of Morphology and Basic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiai—FMJ, Jundiai, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Conte
- Escola Superior de Educação Física—ESEF, Jundiai, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cintia Yuri Matsumura
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Bioscience of Botucatu, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Pertille
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Plasticity, Graduate Program in Science of Human Movement, Universidade Metodista de Piracicaba, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matias Mosqueira
- Cardio-Ventilatory Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail: (RF); (MM)
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Andrich DE, Ou Y, Melbouci L, Leduc-Gaudet JP, Auclair N, Mercier J, Secco B, Tomaz LM, Gouspillou G, Danialou G, Comtois AS, St-Pierre DH. Altered Lipid Metabolism Impairs Skeletal Muscle Force in Young Rats Submitted to a Short-Term High-Fat Diet. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1327. [PMID: 30356919 PMCID: PMC6190893 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and ensuing disorders are increasingly prevalent in young populations. Prolonged exposure to high-fat diets (HFD) and excessive lipid accumulation were recently suggested to impair skeletal muscle functions in rodents. We aimed to determine the effects of a short-term HFD on skeletal muscle function in young rats. Young male Wistar rats (100–125 g) were fed HFD or a regular chow diet (RCD) for 14 days. Specific force, resistance to fatigue and recovery were tested in extensor digitorum longus (EDL; glycolytic) and soleus (SOL; oxidative) muscles using an ex vivo muscle contractility system. Muscle fiber typing and insulin signaling were analyzed while intramyocellular lipid droplets (LD) were characterized. Expression of key markers of lipid metabolism was also measured. Weight gain was similar for both groups. Specific force was decreased in SOL, but not in EDL of HFD rats. Muscle resistance to fatigue and force recovery were not altered in response to the diets. Similarly, muscle fiber type distribution and insulin signaling were not influenced by HFD. On the other hand, percent area and average size of intramyocellular LDs were significantly increased in the SOL of HFD rats. These effects were consistent with the increased expression of several mediators of lipid metabolism in the SOL muscle. A short-term HFD impairs specific force and alters lipid metabolism in SOL, but not EDL muscles of young rats. This indicates the importance of clarifying the early mechanisms through which lipid metabolism affects skeletal muscle functions in response to obesogenic diets in young populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David E Andrich
- Département des Sciences de l'Activités Physique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ya Ou
- Département des Sciences de l'Activités Physique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lilya Melbouci
- Département des Sciences de l'Activités Physique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Leduc-Gaudet
- Département des Sciences de l'Activités Physique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nickolas Auclair
- Département des Sciences de l'Activités Physique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jocelyne Mercier
- Département des Sciences de l'Activités Physique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Blandine Secco
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Ville de Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Luciane Magri Tomaz
- Département des Sciences de l'Activités Physique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gilles Gouspillou
- Département des Sciences de l'Activités Physique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gawiyou Danialou
- Département des Sciences de l'Activités Physique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Royal Military College Saint-Jean, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC, Canada
| | - Alain-Steve Comtois
- Département des Sciences de l'Activités Physique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David H St-Pierre
- Département des Sciences de l'Activités Physique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Hirsch KR, Tweedell AJ, Kleinberg CR, Gerstner GR, Barnette T, Mota JA, Smith-Ryan AE, Ryan ED. The Influence of Habitual Protein Intake on Body Composition and Muscular Strength in Career Firefighters. J Am Coll Nutr 2018; 37:620-626. [PMID: 29702029 PMCID: PMC6192035 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2018.1455071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this research was to determine the relationship among protein (PRO) intake, body composition, and muscle strength in overweight and obese firefighters. A secondary objective was to evaluate differences in body composition and muscle strength among overweight and obese firefighters with low (L; < 0.8 g·kg-1), moderate (M; 0.8-1.0 g·kg-1), and high (H; > 1.0 g·kg-1) PRO intake. METHODS Relative PRO intake [r_PRO] was evaluated from 3-day dietary logs, self-reported by 43 overweight and obese male career firefighters (mean ± standard deviation; age = 37.3 ± 7.2 years; body mass index = 33.2 ± 5.0 kg·m-2; percent body fat [%BF] = 28.9 ± 4.0%). Body composition (fat mass [FM], %BF, lean mass [LM], percent LM [%LM]) and muscle strength (peak torque [PT], relative peak torque [r_PT] of the leg extensors) were measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and isokinetic dynamometry, respectively. RESULTS Greater r_PRO was associated with less FM, %BF, LM (r = -0.498 to -0.363) and greater %LM (r = 0.363), but not muscle strength (p > 0.05). Fat mass (r = -0.373) and %BF (r = -0.369) were associated with lower r_PT; %LM was associated with greater r_PT (r = 0.373). Individuals with L r_PRO had greater FM (mean difference ± standard error: L-H = 10.08 ± 3.18 kg), %BF (L-H = 3.8% ± 1.4%) and lower %LM (L-H = -3.7% ± 1.3%) than those with H r_PRO (p < 0.05) but no significant differences in muscle strength (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Protein intake > 0.8 g·kg-1 was associated with more favorable body composition in male career firefighters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie R. Hirsch
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, Department of Allied Health Science, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Andrew J. Tweedell
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Craig R. Kleinberg
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gena R. Gerstner
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, Department of Allied Health Science, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - T.J. Barnette
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jacob A. Mota
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, Department of Allied Health Science, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Abbie E. Smith-Ryan
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, Department of Allied Health Science, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Eric D. Ryan
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, Department of Allied Health Science, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Herda TJ, Ryan ED, Kohlmeier M, Trevino MA, Gerstner GR, Roelofs EJ. Examination of muscle morphology and neuromuscular function in normal weight and overfat children aged 7-10 years. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 28:2310-2321. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trent J. Herda
- Neuromechanics Laboratory; University of Kansas; Lawrence Kansas
| | - Eric D. Ryan
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory; Department of Exercise Science and Sport Science; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill North Carolina
- Human Movement Science Curriculum; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill North Carolina
| | - Martin Kohlmeier
- Department of Nutrition; School of Medicine; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill North Carolina
- Nutrigenetics Laboratory; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Kannapolis North Carolina
| | - Michael A. Trevino
- Biodynamics and Human Performance Center; Department of Health Sciences; Georgia Southern University; Savannah GA
| | - Gena R. Gerstner
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory; Department of Exercise Science and Sport Science; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill North Carolina
- Human Movement Science Curriculum; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill North Carolina
| | - Erica J. Roelofs
- Department of Nutrition, Health and Human Performance; Meredith College; Raleigh North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Tallis J, James RS, Seebacher F. The effects of obesity on skeletal muscle contractile function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:221/13/jeb163840. [PMID: 29980597 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.163840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity can cause a decline in contractile function of skeletal muscle, thereby reducing mobility and promoting obesity-associated health risks. We reviewed the literature to establish the current state-of-knowledge of how obesity affects skeletal muscle contraction and relaxation. At a cellular level, the dominant effects of obesity are disrupted calcium signalling and 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity. As a result, there is a shift from slow to fast muscle fibre types. Decreased AMPK activity promotes the class II histone deacetylase (HDAC)-mediated inhibition of the myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2). MEF2 promotes slow fibre type expression, and its activity is stimulated by the calcium-dependent phosphatase calcineurin. Obesity-induced attenuation of calcium signalling via its effects on calcineurin, as well as on adiponectin and actinin affects excitation-contraction coupling and excitation-transcription coupling in the myocyte. These molecular changes affect muscle contractile function and phenotype, and thereby in vivo and in vitro muscle performance. In vivo, obesity can increase the absolute force and power produced by increasing the demand on weight-supporting muscle. However, when normalised to body mass, muscle performance of obese individuals is reduced. Isolated muscle preparations show that obesity often leads to a decrease in force produced per muscle cross-sectional area, and power produced per muscle mass. Obesity and ageing have similar physiological consequences. The synergistic effects of obesity and ageing on muscle function may exacerbate morbidity and mortality. Important future research directions include determining: the relationship between time course of weight gain and changes in muscle function; the relative effects of weight gain and high-fat diet feeding per se; the effects of obesity on muscle function during ageing; and if the effects of obesity on muscle function are reversible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Tallis
- Center for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Science and Health Building, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Rob S James
- Center for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Science and Health Building, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Frank Seebacher
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Heydon Laurence Building A08, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Mota JA, Giuliani HK, Gerstner GR, Ryan ED. The rate of velocity development associates with muscle echo intensity, but not muscle cross-sectional area in older men. Aging Clin Exp Res 2018; 30:861-865. [PMID: 28936628 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-017-0829-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The examination of mechanisms contributing to the age-related reductions in rapid velocity development is limited. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and echo intensity (EI) on plantarflexor rate of velocity development (RVD) in older adults. Twenty-two men (mean ± SD age = 69 ± 3 years) performed three maximal plantarflexion voluntary isokinetic muscle actions at a velocity of 2.09 rad · s-1. Peak RVD was determined as the peak derivative of the velocity-time curve from the onset of velocity development to the onset of the load range. B-mode ultrasound was used to examine CSA and EI from the lateral and medial gastrocnemius. Plantarflexor RVD was related to EI (r = -0.491, P = 0.020), but not CSA (r = -0.003, P = 0.989). The findings of the present investigation suggest that alterations in muscle tissue composition (i.e., increase in intramuscular fat and/or fibrous tissue) may influence the ability of older adults to rapidly accelerate their limb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Mota
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 209 Fetzer Hall, CB #8700, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-8700, USA
- Human Movement Science Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hayden K Giuliani
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 209 Fetzer Hall, CB #8700, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-8700, USA
| | - Gena R Gerstner
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 209 Fetzer Hall, CB #8700, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-8700, USA
- Human Movement Science Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Eric D Ryan
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 209 Fetzer Hall, CB #8700, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-8700, USA.
- Human Movement Science Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Vastus lateralis muscle tissue composition and motor unit properties in chronically endurance-trained vs. sedentary women. Eur J Appl Physiol 2018; 118:1789-1800. [PMID: 29948198 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-3909-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
This study examined motor unit (MU) amplitudes (APAMPS) and firing rates during moderate-intensity contractions and muscle cross-sectional area (mCSA) and echo intensity (mEI) of the vastus lateralis (VL) in chronically endurance-trained and sedentary females. Eight endurance-trained (ET) and nine sedentary controls (SED) volunteered for this study. Surface electromyographic (EMG) signals from a five-pin electrode array were recorded from the VL during isometric trapezoid muscle actions at 40% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). Decomposition methods were applied to the EMG signals to extract the firing events and amplitudes of single MUs. The mean firing rate (MFR) during steady force and MUAPAMP for each MU was regressed against recruitment threshold (RT, expressed as %MVC). The y-intercepts and slopes from the MFR and MUAPAMP vs. RT relationships were calculated. EMG amplitude during steady force was normalized (N-EMGRMS) to peak EMG amplitude recorded during the MVC. Ultrasonography was used to measure mCSA and mEI. Significant differences existed between the ET and SED for the slopes (P = 0.005, P = 0.001) from the MFR and MUAPAMP vs. RT relationships with no differences for the y-intercepts (P > 0.05). N-EMGRMS was significantly (P = 0.033) lower for the ET than SED. There were no differences between groups for mCSA; however, the SED possessed significantly (P = 0.001) greater mEI. Subsequently, the ET likely possessed hypertrophied and stronger MUs that allowed for lower necessary muscle activation to maintain the same relative task as the SED. The larger MUs for the ET is supported via the MFR vs. RT relationships and ultrasound data.
Collapse
|
109
|
Frank-Wilson AW, Chalhoub D, Figueiredo P, Jónsson PV, Siggeirsdóttir K, Sigurdsson S, Eiriksdottir G, Guðnason V, Launer L, Harris TB. Associations of Quadriceps Torque Properties with Muscle Size, Attenuation, and Intramuscular Adipose Tissue in Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2018; 73:931-938. [PMID: 29342246 PMCID: PMC6001898 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Atrophy and fatty infiltration of muscle with aging are associated with fractures and falls, however, their direct associations with muscle function are not well described. It was hypothesized that participants with lower quadriceps muscle attenuation, area, and greater intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) will exhibit slower rates of torque development (RTD) and lower peak knee extension torques. Methods Data from 4,842 participants (2,041 men, 2,801 women) from the Age Gene/Environment Susceptibility Reykjavik Study (mean age 76 ± 0.1 years) with complete thigh computed tomography and isometric knee testing. Regression models were adjusted for health, behavior, and comorbidities. Muscle attenuation was further adjusted for muscle area and IMAT; muscle area adjusted for IMAT and attenuation; and IMAT adjusted for muscle area and attenuation. Standardized betas (β) indicate association effect sizes. Results In the fully-adjusted models, attenuation (men β = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.11; women β = 0.07, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.11) and muscle area (men β = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.19; women β = 0.10, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.15) were associated with knee RTD. Attenuation (men β = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.16; women β = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.16) and muscle area (men β = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.33, 0.43; women β = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.29, 0.37) were associated with peak torque. Conclusions These data suggest that muscle attenuation and area are independently associated with RTD and peak torque; and that area and attenuation demonstrate similar contributions to RTD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Frank-Wilson
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging (NIA), Bethesda, Maryland
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Didier Chalhoub
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging (NIA), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Pedro Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging (NIA), Bethesda, Maryland
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, University Institute of Maia, ISMAI, Portugal
| | - Pálmi V Jónsson
- Department of Geriatrics, Landspítali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik
| | | | | | | | - Vilmundur Guðnason
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik
- Icelandic Heart Association Research Institute, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Lenore Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging (NIA), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging (NIA), Bethesda, Maryland
| | | |
Collapse
|
110
|
Smith GI, Commean PK, Reeds DN, Klein S, Mittendorfer B. Effect of Protein Supplementation During Diet-Induced Weight Loss on Muscle Mass and Strength: A Randomized Controlled Study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:854-861. [PMID: 29687650 PMCID: PMC5918424 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High protein (particularly leucine-rich whey protein) intake is recommended to mitigate the adverse effect of weight loss on muscle mass. The effectiveness of this approach is unknown. METHODS Seventy middle-aged (50-65 years old) postmenopausal women with obesity were randomized to (1) weight maintenance (WM), (2) weight loss and the recommended daily allowance for protein (0.8 g/kg/d) (WL group), or (3) weight loss plus whey protein supplementation (total protein: 1.2 g/kg/d) (WL-PS group). Thigh muscle volume and strength were assessed at baseline and after 5% and 10% weight loss in the weight-loss groups and after matched time periods (∼3 and 6 months, respectively) in the WM group. RESULTS A 5% weight loss caused a greater decrease in thigh muscle volume in the WL group than the WL-PS group (4.7% ± 0.7% vs. 2.8% ± 0.8%, respectively; P < 0.05). After 10% weight loss, there was no statistically significant difference in muscle mass loss in the two groups, and the total loss was small in both groups (5.5% ± 0.8% and 4.5% ± 0.7%, respectively). The dietary interventions did not affect muscle strength. CONCLUSIONS Whey protein supplementation during diet-induced weight loss does not have clinically important therapeutic effects on muscle mass or strength in middle-aged postmenopausal women with obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gordon I Smith
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Paul K Commean
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Dominic N Reeds
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Samuel Klein
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Bettina Mittendorfer
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Distefano G, Standley RA, Zhang X, Carnero EA, Yi F, Cornnell HH, Coen PM. Physical activity unveils the relationship between mitochondrial energetics, muscle quality, and physical function in older adults. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2018; 9:279-294. [PMID: 29368427 PMCID: PMC5879963 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of mitochondrial dysfunction in ageing muscle is highly controversial. In addition, emerging evidence suggests that reduced muscle oxidative capacity and efficiency underlie the aetiology of mobility loss in older adults. Here, we hypothesized that studying well-phenotyped older cohorts across a wide range of physical activity would unveil a range of mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle and in turn allow us to more clearly examine the impact of age per se on mitochondrial energetics. This also enabled us to more clearly define the relationships between mitochondrial energetics and muscle lipid content with clinically relevant assessments of muscle and physical function. METHODS Thirty-nine volunteers were recruited to the following study groups: young active (YA, n = 2 women/8 men, age = 31.2 ± 5.4 years), older active (OA, n = 2 women/8 men, age = 67.5 ± 2.7 years), and older sedentary (OS, n = 8 women/11 men, age = 70.7 ± 4.7 years). Participants completed a graded exercise test to determine fitness (VO2 peak), a submaximal exercise test to determine exercise efficiency, and daily physical activity was recorded using a tri-axial armband accelerometer. Mitochondrial energetics were determined by (i) 31 P magnetic resonance spectroscopy and (ii) respirometry of fibre bundles from vastus lateralis biopsies. Quadriceps function was assessed by isokinetic dynamometry and physical function by the short physical performance battery and stair climb test. RESULTS Daily physical activity energy expenditure was significantly lower in OS, compared with YA and OA groups. Despite fitness being higher in YA compared with OA and OS, mitochondrial respiration, maximum mitochondrial capacity, Maximal ATP production/Oxygen consumption (P/O) ratio, and exercise efficiency were similar in YA and OA groups and were significantly lower in OS. P/O ratio was correlated with exercise efficiency. Time to complete the stair climb and repeated chair stand tests were significantly greater for OS. Interestingly, maximum mitochondrial capacity was related to muscle contractile performance and physical function. CONCLUSIONS Older adults who maintain a high amount of physical activity have better mitochondrial capacity, similar to highly active younger adults, and this is related to their better muscle quality, exercise efficiency, and physical performance. This suggests that mitochondria could be an important therapeutic target for sedentary ageing associated conditions including sarcopenia, dynapenia, and loss of physical function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Distefano
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, 301 East Princeton Street, Orlando, FL, 32804, USA
| | - Robert A Standley
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, 301 East Princeton Street, Orlando, FL, 32804, USA
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, 301 East Princeton Street, Orlando, FL, 32804, USA
| | - Elvis A Carnero
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, 301 East Princeton Street, Orlando, FL, 32804, USA
| | - Fanchao Yi
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, 301 East Princeton Street, Orlando, FL, 32804, USA
| | - Heather H Cornnell
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, 301 East Princeton Street, Orlando, FL, 32804, USA
| | - Paul M Coen
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, 301 East Princeton Street, Orlando, FL, 32804, USA.,Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona, 6400 Sanger Rd, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Englund DA, Kirn DR, Koochek A, Zhu H, Travison TG, Reid KF, von Berens Å, Melin M, Cederholm T, Gustafsson T, Fielding RA. Nutritional Supplementation With Physical Activity Improves Muscle Composition in Mobility-Limited Older Adults, The VIVE2 Study: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 73:95-101. [PMID: 28977347 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nutritional supplementation and physical activity have been shown to positively influence muscle mass and strength in older adults. The efficacy of long-term nutritional supplementation in combination with physical activity in older adults remains unclear. Methods Mobility-limited (short physical performance battery [SPPB] ≤9) and vitamin D insufficient (serum 25(OH) D 9-24 ng/mL) older adults were recruited for this study. All subjects participated in a physical activity program. Subjects were randomized to consume a daily nutritional supplement (150 kcal, 20 g whey protein, 800 IU vitamin D, 119 mL beverage) or placebo (30 kcal, nonnutritive, 119 mL). In a prespecified secondary analysis, we examined total-body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry), thigh composition (computed tomography), and muscle strength, power, and quality before and after the 6-month intervention. Results One hundred and forty-nine subjects were randomized into the study [mean (standard deviation, SD) age 78.5 (5.4) years; 46.3% female; mean (SD) short physical performance battery 7.9 (1.2); mean (SD) vitamin D 18.7 (6.4) ng/mL]. After the intervention period both groups demonstrated improvements in muscle strength, body composition, and thigh composition. Nutritional supplementation lead to further losses of intermuscular fat (p = .049) and increased normal muscle density (p = .018). Conclusions Six months of physical activity resulted in improvements in body composition, subcutaneous fat, intermuscular fat, and strength measures. The addition of nutritional supplementation resulted in further declines in intermuscular fat and improved muscle density compared to placebo. These results suggest nutritional supplementation provides additional benefits to mobility-limited older adults undergoing exercise training. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01542892.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davis A Englund
- Nutrition, Exercise Physiology, and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dylan R Kirn
- Nutrition, Exercise Physiology, and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Afsaneh Koochek
- Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Hao Zhu
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas G Travison
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kieran F Reid
- Nutrition, Exercise Physiology, and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Åsa von Berens
- Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Michael Melin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tommy Cederholm
- Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Thomas Gustafsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roger A Fielding
- Nutrition, Exercise Physiology, and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Age-related reduction in single muscle fiber calcium sensitivity is associated with decreased muscle power in men and women. Exp Gerontol 2017; 102:84-92. [PMID: 29247790 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Age-related declines in human skeletal muscle performance may be caused, in part, by decreased responsivity of muscle fibers to calcium (Ca2+). This study examined the contractile properties of single vastus lateralis muscle fibers with various myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms (I, I/IIA, IIA and IIAX) across a range of Ca2+ concentrations in 11 young (24.1±1.1years) and 10 older (68.8±0.8years) men and women. The normalized pCa-force curve shifted rightward with age, leading to decreased activation threshold (pCa10) and/or Ca2+ sensitivity (pCa50) for all MHC isoforms examined. In older adults, the slope of the pCa-force curve was unchanged in MHC I-containing fibers (I, I/IIA), but was steeper in MHC II-containing fibers (IIA, IIAX), indicating greater cooperativity compared to young adults. At sub-maximal [Ca2+], specific force was reduced in MHC I-containing fibers, but was minimally decreased in MHC IIA fibers as older adults produced greater specific forces at high [Ca2+] in these fibers. Lessor pCa50 in MHC I fibers independently predicted reduced isokinetic knee extensor power across a range of contractile velocities, suggesting that the Ca2+ response of slow-twitch fibers contributes to whole muscle dysfunction. Our findings show that aging attenuates Ca2+ responsiveness across fiber types and that these cellular alterations may lead to age-related reductions in whole muscle power output.
Collapse
|
114
|
Gerstner GR, Giuliani HK, Mota JA, Ryan ED. Age-related reductions in muscle quality influence the relative differences in strength and power. Exp Gerontol 2017; 99:27-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
115
|
Bianchi L, Abete P, Bellelli G, Bo M, Cherubini A, Corica F, Di Bari M, Maggio M, Manca GM, Rizzo MR, Rossi AP, Landi F, Volpato S. Prevalence and Clinical Correlates of Sarcopenia, Identified According to the EWGSOP Definition and Diagnostic Algorithm, in Hospitalized Older People: The GLISTEN Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 72:1575-1581. [PMID: 28329345 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prevalence of sarcopenia is substantial in most geriatrics settings, but estimates vary greatly across studies because of difference in population characteristics, diagnostic criteria, and methods used to assess muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance. We investigated the feasibility of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) algorithm assessment in hospitalized older adults and analyzed prevalence and clinical correlates of sarcopenia. Methods Cross-sectional analysis of 655 participants enrolled in a multicenter observational study of older adults admitted to 12 acute hospital wards in Italy. Sarcopenia was assessed as low skeletal mass index (kg/m2) plus either low handgrip strength or low walking speed (EWGSOP criteria). Skeletal muscle mass was estimated using bioimpedance analysis. Results Of the 655 patients (age 81.0 ± 6.8 years; women 51.9%) enrolled in the study, 275 (40.2%) were not able to perform the 4-m walking test because of medical problems. The overall prevalence of sarcopenia on hospital admission was 34.7% (95% confidence interval 28-37) and it steeply increased with aging (p < .001). In multivariable analysis, patients with sarcopenia on hospital admission were older and were more likely to be male and to have congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, and severe basic activities of daily living disability. The prevalence of sarcopenia was inversely correlated with body mass index. Conclusion Based on EWGSOP criteria, prevalence of sarcopenia is extremely high among older adults on admission to acute hospital wards. Older age, male gender, congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, severe activities of daily living disability, and body mass index were the clinical variables significantly associated with the presence of sarcopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Bianchi
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pasquale Abete
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bellelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy.,Geriatric Unit, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Mario Bo
- Struttura Complessa Dipartimento Universitario Geriatria e Malattie Metaboliche dell'Osso, Città della Salute e della Scienza-Molinette, Torino, Italy
| | - Antonio Cherubini
- Geriatrics and Geriatrics Emergency Care, Italian National Research Center on Aging (IRCCS-INRCA), Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Corica
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Mauro Di Bari
- Research Unit of Medicine of Aging, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy.,Geriatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Geriatrics and Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Univesitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Marcello Maggio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Geriatric Rehabilitation Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Maria Rosaria Rizzo
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Geriatric Sciences, Second University of Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea P Rossi
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Division, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco Landi
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopaedics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Volpato
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Center for Clinical Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
116
|
Pereyra AS, Wang ZM, Messi ML, Zhang T, Wu H, Register TC, Forbes E, Devarie-Baez NO, Files DC, Abba MC, Furdui C, Delbono O. BDA-410 Treatment Reduces Body Weight and Fat Content by Enhancing Lipolysis in Sedentary Senescent Mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 72:1045-1053. [PMID: 27789616 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of muscle mass and force with age leads to fall risk, mobility impairment, and reduced quality of life. This article shows that BDA-410, a calpain inhibitor, induced loss of body weight and fat but not lean mass or skeletal muscle proteins in a cohort of sedentary 23-month-old mice. Food and water intake and locomotor activity were not modified, whereas BDA-410 treatment decreased intramyocellular lipid and perigonadal fat, increased serum nonesterified fatty acids, and upregulated the genes mediating lipolysis and oxidation, lean phenotype, muscle contraction, muscle transcription regulation, and oxidative stress response. This finding is consistent with our recent report that lipid accumulation in skeletal myofibers is significantly correlated with slower fiber-contraction kinetics and diminished power in obese older adult mice. A proteomic analysis and immunoblot showed downregulation of the phosphatase PPP1R12B, which increases phosphorylated myosin half-life and modulates the calcium sensitivity of the contractile apparatus. This study demonstrates that BDA-410 exerts a beneficial effect on skeletal muscle contractility through new, alternative mechanisms, including enhanced lipolysis, upregulation of "lean phenotype-related genes," downregulation of the PP1R12B phosphatase, and enhanced excitation-contraction coupling. This single compound holds promise for treating age-dependent decline in muscle composition and strength.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea S Pereyra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Biochemistry Research Institute of La Plata (INIBIOLP)/CONICET, School of Medicine, National University of La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Zhong-Min Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Maria Laura Messi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Tan Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,J Paul Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Hanzhi Wu
- Molecular Medicine and Translational Science
| | - Thomas C Register
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy.,Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine
| | | | | | - Daniel Clark Files
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Pulmonary and Critical Care Allergy and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Martin C Abba
- Basic and Applied Immunological Research Center (CINIBA), School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Osvaldo Delbono
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,J Paul Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Stout MB, Justice JN, Nicklas BJ, Kirkland JL. Physiological Aging: Links Among Adipose Tissue Dysfunction, Diabetes, and Frailty. Physiology (Bethesda) 2017; 32:9-19. [PMID: 27927801 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00012.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancing age is associated with progressive declines in physiological function that lead to overt chronic disease, frailty, and eventual mortality. Importantly, age-related physiological changes occur in cellularity, insulin-responsiveness, secretory profiles, and inflammatory status of adipose tissue, leading to adipose tissue dysfunction. Although the mechanisms underlying adipose tissue dysfunction are multifactorial, the consequences result in secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, immune cell infiltration, an accumulation of senescent cells, and an increase in senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). These processes synergistically promote chronic sterile inflammation, insulin resistance, and lipid redistribution away from subcutaneous adipose tissue. Without intervention, these effects contribute to age-related systemic metabolic dysfunction, physical limitations, and frailty. Thus adipose tissue dysfunction may be a fundamental contributor to the elevated risk of chronic disease, disability, and adverse health outcomes with advancing age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Stout
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Jamie N Justice
- Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and
| | - Barbara J Nicklas
- Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and
| | - James L Kirkland
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Frechette DM, Krishnamoorthy D, Pamon T, Chan ME, Patel V, Rubin CT. Mechanical signals protect stem cell lineage selection, preserving the bone and muscle phenotypes in obesity. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1409:33-50. [PMID: 28891202 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of obesity is rapidly rising, increasing morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Associated comorbidities include type 2 diabetes, heart disease, fatty liver disease, and cancer. The impact of excess fat on musculoskeletal health is still unclear, although it is associated with increased fracture risk and a decline in muscular function. The complexity of obesity makes understanding the etiology of bone and muscle abnormalities difficult. Exercise is an effective and commonly prescribed nonpharmacological treatment option, but it can be difficult or unsafe for the frail, elderly, and morbidly obese. Exercise alternatives, such as low-intensity vibration (LIV), have potential for improving musculoskeletal health, particularly in conditions with excess fat. LIV has been shown to influence bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell differentiation toward higher-order tissues (i.e., bone) and away from fat. While the exact mechanisms are not fully understood, recent studies utilizing LIV both at the bench and in the clinic have demonstrated some efficacy. Here, we discuss the current literature investigating the effects of obesity on bone, muscle, and bone marrow and how exercise and LIV can be used as effective treatments for combating the negative effects in the presence of excess fat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Frechette
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Divya Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Tee Pamon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - M Ete Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Vihitaben Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Clinton T Rubin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Yamada Y, Buehring B, Krueger D, Anderson RM, Schoeller DA, Binkley N. Electrical Properties Assessed by Bioelectrical Impedance Spectroscopy as Biomarkers of Age-related Loss of Skeletal Muscle Quantity and Quality. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 72:1180-1186. [PMID: 28814064 PMCID: PMC5861891 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle, in addition to being comprised of a heterogeneous muscle fiber population, also includes extracellular components that do not contribute to positive tensional force production. Here we test segmental bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (S-BIS) to assess muscle intracellular mass and composition. S-BIS can evaluate electrical properties that may be related to muscle force production. Muscle fiber membranes separate the intracellular components from the extracellular environment and consist of lipid bilayers which act as an electrical capacitor. We found that S-BIS measures accounted for ~85% of the age-related decrease in appendicular muscle power compared with only ~49% for dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measures. Indices of extracellular (noncontractile) and cellular (contractile) compartments in skeletal muscle tissues were determined using the Cole-Cole plot from S-BIS measures. Characteristic frequency, membrane capacitance, and phase angle determined by Cole-Cole analysis together presented a S-BIS complex model that explained ~79% of interindividual variance of leg muscle power. This finding underscores the value of S-BIS to measure muscle composition rather than lean mass as measured by DXA and suggests that S-BIS should be highly informative in skeletal muscle physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Yamada
- Department of Nutritional Science, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bjoern Buehring
- Osteoporosis Clinical Research Program
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- GRECC, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Rozalyn M Anderson
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- GRECC, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Neil Binkley
- Osteoporosis Clinical Research Program
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- GRECC, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Sterczala AJ, Herda TJ, Miller JD, Ciccone AB, Trevino MA. Age-related differences in the motor unit action potential size in relation to recruitment threshold. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2017; 38:610-616. [PMID: 28737276 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Motor unit action potential size (MUAPsize ) versus recruitment threshold (RT) relationship analysis provides a non-invasive measure of motor unit (MU) hypertrophy; however, this method's ability to identify MU atrophy is unknown. This investigation sought to determine if MUAPsize versus RT relationship slope (APslope ) comparison could identify evidence of MU atrophy in older individuals. Surface electromyography signals were recorded from the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) of fourteen young (YG, age = 22·29 ± 2·79 years) and ten older (OG, 61·0 ± 2·0 years) subjects during a 50% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) isometric trapezoidal muscle action. The signals were decomposed to yield a MUAPsize and RT for each MU. For each subject, the MUs recruited between 10% and 50% MVC were linearly regressed as a function of RT to calculate an individual APslope . FDI cross-sectional area (CSA) and echo intensity (EI) were quantified via ultrasonography. The mean APslope was lower for OG (0·033 ± 0·010 mV %MVC-1 ) than YG (0·056 ± 0·019 mV %MVC-1 ). OG and YG possessed similar CSAs (OG: 2·09 ± 0·31 cm2 ; YG: 2·08 ± 0·41 cm2 ); however, OG (53·25 ± 7·56 AU) had greater EI than YG (43·87 ± 7·59 AU). The lower OG mean APslope was due to smaller MUAPsizes of higher-threshold MUs, likely due to atrophy of muscle fibres that comprise those MUs. In support, similar CSA with greater EI indicated increased adipose and fibrous tissue and reduced contractile tissue in OG. Thus, MUAPsize versus RT relationship may provide a non-invasive measure of MU atrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Sterczala
- Neuromechanics Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Trent J Herda
- Neuromechanics Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
121
|
Potential contributions of skeletal muscle contractile dysfunction to altered biomechanics in obesity. Gait Posture 2017; 56:100-107. [PMID: 28528004 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity alters whole body kinematics and joint kinetics during activities of daily living which are thought to contribute to increased risk of musculoskeletal injury, development of lower extremity joint osteoarthritis (OA), and physical disability. To date, it has widely been accepted that excess adipose tissue mass is the major driver of biomechanical alterations in obesity. However, it is well established that obesity is a systemic disease affecting numerous, if not all, organ systems of the body. Indeed, obesity elicits numerous adaptations within skeletal muscle, including alterations in muscle structure (ex. myofiber size, architecture, lipid accumulation, and fiber type), recruitment patterns, and contractile function (ex. force production, power production, and fatigue) which may influence kinematics and joint kinetics. This review discusses the specific adaptations of skeletal muscle to obesity, potential mechanisms underlying these adaptations, and how these adaptations may affect biomechanics.
Collapse
|
122
|
Shao A, Campbell WW, Chen CYO, Mittendorfer B, Rivas DA, Griffiths JC. The emerging global phenomenon of sarcopenic obesity: Role of functional foods; a conference report. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
|
123
|
Abstract
Weight loss is the cornerstone of therapy for people with obesity because it can ameliorate or completely resolve the metabolic risk factors for diabetes, coronary artery disease, and obesity-associated cancers. The potential health benefits of diet-induced weight loss are thought to be compromised by the weight-loss-associated loss of lean body mass, which could increase the risk of sarcopenia (low muscle mass and impaired muscle function). The objective of this review is to provide an overview of what is known about weight-loss-induced muscle loss and its implications for overall physical function (e.g., ability to lift items, walk, and climb stairs). The currently available data in the literature show the following: 1) compared with persons with normal weight, those with obesity have more muscle mass but poor muscle quality; 2) diet-induced weight loss reduces muscle mass without adversely affecting muscle strength; 3) weight loss improves global physical function, most likely because of reduced fat mass; 4) high protein intake helps preserve lean body and muscle mass during weight loss but does not improve muscle strength and could have adverse effects on metabolic function; 5) both endurance- and resistance-type exercise help preserve muscle mass during weight loss, and resistance-type exercise also improves muscle strength. We therefore conclude that weight-loss therapy, including a hypocaloric diet with adequate (but not excessive) protein intake and increased physical activity (particularly resistance-type exercise), should be promoted to maintain muscle mass and improve muscle strength and physical function in persons with obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bettina Mittendorfer
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Eshima H, Tamura Y, Kakehi S, Kurebayashi N, Murayama T, Nakamura K, Kakigi R, Okada T, Sakurai T, Kawamori R, Watada H. Long-term, but not short-term high-fat diet induces fiber composition changes and impaired contractile force in mouse fast-twitch skeletal muscle. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:5/7/e13250. [PMID: 28408640 PMCID: PMC5392533 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of a short-term and long-term high-fat diet (HFD) on morphological and functional features of fast-twitch skeletal muscle. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a HFD (60% fat) for 4 weeks (4-week HFD) or 12 weeks (12-week HFD). Subsequently, the fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus muscle was isolated, and the composition of muscle fiber type, expression levels of proteins involved in muscle contraction, and force production on electrical stimulation were analyzed. The 12-week HFD, but not the 4-week HFD, resulted in a decreased muscle tetanic force on 100 Hz stimulation compared with control (5.1 ± 1.4 N/g in the 12-week HFD vs. 7.5 ± 1.7 N/g in the control group; P < 0.05), whereas muscle weight and cross-sectional area were not altered after both HFD protocols. Morphological analysis indicated that the percentage of type IIx myosin heavy chain fibers, mitochondrial oxidative enzyme activity, and intramyocellular lipid levels increased in the 12-week HFD group, but not in the 4-week HFD group, compared with controls (P < 0.05). No changes in the expression levels of calcium handling-related proteins and myofibrillar proteins (myosin heavy chain and actin) were detected in the HFD models, whereas fast-troponin T-protein expression was decreased in the 12-week HFD group, but not in the 4-week HFD group (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that a long-term HFD, but not a short-term HFD, impairs contractile force in fast-twitch muscle fibers. Given that skeletal muscle strength largely depends on muscle fiber type, the impaired muscle contractile force by a HFD might result from morphological changes of fiber type composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Eshima
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Tamura
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan .,Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saori Kakehi
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nagomi Kurebayashi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Murayama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Nakamura
- Department of Physiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Kakigi
- Department of Physiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Okada
- Department of Physiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Sakurai
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuzo Kawamori
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Watada
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Molecular Diabetology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
St-Jean-Pelletier F, Pion CH, Leduc-Gaudet JP, Sgarioto N, Zovilé I, Barbat-Artigas S, Reynaud O, Alkaterji F, Lemieux FC, Grenon A, Gaudreau P, Hepple RT, Chevalier S, Belanger M, Morais JA, Aubertin-Leheudre M, Gouspillou G. The impact of ageing, physical activity, and pre-frailty on skeletal muscle phenotype, mitochondrial content, and intramyocellular lipids in men. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2017; 8:213-228. [PMID: 27897402 PMCID: PMC5377417 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The exact impact of ageing on skeletal muscle phenotype and mitochondrial and lipid content remains controversial, probably because physical activity, which greatly influences muscle physiology, is rarely accounted for. The present study was therefore designed to investigate the effects of ageing, physical activity, and pre-frailty on skeletal muscle phenotype, and mitochondrial and intramyocellular lipid content in men. METHODS Recreationally active young adult (20-30 yo; YA); active (ACT) and sedentary (SED) middle-age (50-65 yo; MA-ACT and MA-SED); and older (65 + yo; 65 + ACT and 65 + SED) and pre-frail older (65 + PF) men were recruited. Muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis were collected to assess, on muscle cross sections, muscle phenotype (using myosin heavy chain isoforms immunolabelling), the fibre type-specific content of mitochondria (by quantifying the succinate dehydrogenase stain intensity), and the fibre type-specific lipid content (by quantifying the Oil Red O stain intensity). RESULTS Only 65 + SED and 65 + PF displayed significantly lower overall and type IIa fibre sizes vs. YA. 65 + SED displayed a lower type IIa fibre proportion vs. YA. MA-SED and 65 + SED displayed a higher hybrid type IIa/IIx fibre proportion vs. YA. Sedentary and pre-frail, but not active, men displayed lower mitochondrial content irrespective of fibre type vs. YA. 65 + SED, but not 65 + ACT, displayed a higher lipid content in type I fibres vs. YA. Finally, mitochondrial content, but not lipid content, was positively correlated with indices of muscle function, functional capacity, and insulin sensitivity across all subjects. CONCLUSIONS Taken altogether, our results indicate that ageing in sedentary men is associated with (i) complex changes in muscle phenotype preferentially affecting type IIa fibres; (ii) a decline in mitochondrial content affecting all fibre types; and (iii) an increase in lipid content in type I fibres. They also indicate that physical activity partially protects from the effects of ageing on muscle phenotype, mitochondrial content, and lipid accumulation. No skeletal specific muscle phenotype of pre-frailty was observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Félix St-Jean-Pelletier
- Département de Sciences de l'activité Physique, Faculté des Sciences, UQAM, Quebec, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée, Québec, Canada
| | - Charlotte H Pion
- Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée, Québec, Canada.,Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, UQAM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Leduc-Gaudet
- Département de Sciences de l'activité Physique, Faculté des Sciences, UQAM, Quebec, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Sgarioto
- Département de Sciences de l'activité Physique, Faculté des Sciences, UQAM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Igor Zovilé
- Département de Sciences de l'activité Physique, Faculté des Sciences, UQAM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sébastien Barbat-Artigas
- Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée, Québec, Canada.,Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, UQAM, Quebec, Canada.,Département de Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Olivier Reynaud
- Département de Sciences de l'activité Physique, Faculté des Sciences, UQAM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Feras Alkaterji
- Département de Sciences de l'activité Physique, Faculté des Sciences, UQAM, Quebec, Canada
| | - François C Lemieux
- Département de Sciences de l'activité Physique, Faculté des Sciences, UQAM, Quebec, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexis Grenon
- Département de Sciences de l'activité Physique, Faculté des Sciences, UQAM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierrette Gaudreau
- Département de Médecine, UdeM, et Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'UdeM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Russell T Hepple
- Department of Kinesiology and Division of Critical Care Medicine, McGill University, Quebec, Canada.,McGill University Health Centre-Research Institute, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Chevalier
- McGill University Health Centre-Research Institute, Quebec, Canada.,Division of Geriatric Medicine, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marc Belanger
- Département de Sciences de l'activité Physique, Faculté des Sciences, UQAM, Quebec, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée, Québec, Canada
| | - José A Morais
- McGill University Health Centre-Research Institute, Quebec, Canada.,Division of Geriatric Medicine, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mylène Aubertin-Leheudre
- Département de Sciences de l'activité Physique, Faculté des Sciences, UQAM, Quebec, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gilles Gouspillou
- Département de Sciences de l'activité Physique, Faculté des Sciences, UQAM, Quebec, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Miller JD, Herda TJ, Trevino MA, Sterczala AJ, Ciccone AB, Nicoll JX. Age-related differences in twitch properties and muscle activation of the first dorsal interosseous. Clin Neurophysiol 2017; 128:925-934. [PMID: 28402868 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2017.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine twitch force potentiation and twitch contraction duration, as well as electromyographic amplitude (EMGRMS) and motor unit mean firing rates (MFR) at targeted forces between young and old individuals in the first dorsal interosseous (FDI). Ultrasonography was used to assess muscle quality. METHODS Twenty-two young (YG) (age=22.6±2.7years) and 14 older (OD) (age=62.1±4.7years) individuals completed conditioning contractions at 10% and 50% maximal voluntary contraction, (MVC) during which EMGRMS and MFRs were assessed. Evoked twitches preceded and followed the conditioning contractions. Ultrasound images were taken to quantify muscle quality (cross-sectional area [CSA] and echo intensity [EI]). RESULTS No differences were found between young and old for CSA, pre-conditioning contraction twitch force, or MFRs (P>0.05). However, OD individuals exhibited greater EI and contraction duration (P<0.05), and EMGRMS (YG=35.4±8.7%, OD=43.4±13.2%; P=0.034). Twitch force potentiation was lower for OD (0.311±0.15N) than YG (0.619±0.26N) from pre- to post-50% conditioning contraction (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Lower levels of potentiation with elongated contraction durations likely contributed to greater muscle activation during the conditioning contractions in the OD rather than altered MFRs. Ultrasonography suggested age-related changes in muscle structure contributed to altered contractile properties in the OD. SIGNIFICANCE Greater muscle activation requirements can have negative implications on fatigue resistance at low to moderate intensities in older individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Miller
- Neuromechanics Laboratory, Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66044, USA.
| | - Trent J Herda
- Neuromechanics Laboratory, Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66044, USA.
| | - Michael A Trevino
- Neuromechanics Laboratory, Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66044, USA.
| | - Adam J Sterczala
- Neuromechanics Laboratory, Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66044, USA.
| | - Anthony B Ciccone
- Neuromechanics Laboratory, Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66044, USA.
| | - Justin X Nicoll
- Neuromechanics Laboratory, Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66044, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Files DC, Ilaiwy A, Parry TL, Gibbs KW, Liu C, Bain JR, Delbono O, Muehlbauer MJ, Willis MS. Lung injury-induced skeletal muscle wasting in aged mice is linked to alterations in long chain fatty acid metabolism. Metabolomics 2016; 12:134. [PMID: 28217037 PMCID: PMC5310942 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-016-1079-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Older patients are more likely to acquire and die from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and muscle weakness may be more clinically significant in older persons. Recent data implicate muscle ring finger protein 1 (MuRF1) in lung injury-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in young mice and identify an alternative role for MuRF1 in cardiac metabolism regulation through inhibition of fatty acid oxidation. OBJECTIVES To develop a model of lung injury-induced muscle wasting in old mice and to evaluate the skeletal muscle metabolomic profile of adult and old acute lung injury (ALI) mice. METHODS Young (2 month), adult (6 month) and old (20 month) male C57Bl6J mice underwent Sham (intratracheal H2O) or ALI [intratracheal E. coli lipopolysaccharide (i.t. LPS)] conditions and muscle functional testing. Metabolomic analysis on gastrocnemius muscle was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). RESULTS Old ALI mice had increased mortality and failed to recover skeletal muscle function compared to adult ALI mice. Muscle MuRF1 expression was increased in old ALI mice at day 3. Non-targeted muscle metabolomics revealed alterations in amino acid biosynthesis and fatty acid metabolism in old ALI mice. Targeted metabolomics of fatty acid intermediates (acyl-carnitines) and amino acids revealed a reduction in long chain acyl-carnitines in old ALI mice. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates age-associated susceptibility to ALI-induced muscle wasting which parallels a metabolomic profile suggestive of altered muscle fatty acid metabolism. MuRF1 activation may contribute to both atrophy and impaired fatty acid oxidation, which may synergistically impair muscle function in old ALI mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Clark Files
- Internal Medicine-Sections in Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Geriatrics and the Critical Illness Injury and Recovery Research Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Amro Ilaiwy
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Traci L Parry
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kevin W Gibbs
- Internal Medicine-Section in Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Chun Liu
- Internal Medicine-Section in Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
| | - James R Bain
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Osvaldo Delbono
- Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Michael J Muehlbauer
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Monte S Willis
- McAllister Heart Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Pathology & Laboratory, Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Hamrick MW, McGee-Lawrence ME, Frechette DM. Fatty Infiltration of Skeletal Muscle: Mechanisms and Comparisons with Bone Marrow Adiposity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:69. [PMID: 27379021 PMCID: PMC4913107 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle and bone share common embryological origins from mesodermal cell populations and also display common growth trajectories early in life. Moreover, muscle and bone are both mechanoresponsive tissues, and the mass and strength of both tissues decline with age. The decline in muscle and bone strength that occurs with aging is accompanied in both cases by an accumulation of adipose tissue. In bone, adipocyte (AC) accumulation occurs in the marrow cavities of long bones and is known to increase with estrogen deficiency, mechanical unloading, and exposure to glucocorticoids. The factors leading to accumulation of intra- and intermuscular fat (myosteatosis) are less well understood, but recent evidence indicates that increases in intramuscular fat are associated with disuse, altered leptin signaling, sex steroid deficiency, and glucocorticoid treatment, factors that are also implicated in bone marrow adipogenesis. Importantly, accumulation of ACs in skeletal muscle and accumulation of intramyocellular lipid are linked to loss of muscle strength, reduced insulin sensitivity, and increased mortality among the elderly. Resistance exercise and whole body vibration can prevent fatty infiltration in skeletal muscle and also improve muscle strength. Therapeutic strategies to prevent myosteatosis may improve muscle function and reduce fall risk in the elderly, potentially impacting the incidence of bone fracture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark W. Hamrick
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
- *Correspondence: Mark W. Hamrick,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|