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Kroemeke A, Gruszczynska E. Well-Being and Institutional Care in Older Adults: Cross-Sectional and Time Effects of Provided and Received Support. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161328. [PMID: 27548721 PMCID: PMC4993512 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of provided and received support on older adults' subjective well-being (positive affect and depression) and to examine whether being a recipient of institutional care moderates these effects. METHODS Social support (provided and received), positive affect, and depressive symptoms were assessed twice (at baseline and 1 month later) for 277 older adults (age 77.39 ± 9.20 years, 67.50% women, 65% residents of an institutional care facility). FINDINGS Two structural equation models were analyzed: cross-sectional (at baseline) and longitudinal (after 1 month). The first model revealed a significant positive relationship between providing and receiving support and positive affect, and a negative relationship between receiving support and depression. However, being a recipient of institutional care appeared to be a significant moderator in the longitudinal model. Specifically, the findings indicated effects of both providing and receiving support on positive affect but only for noninstitutionalized older adults. DISCUSSION Although both types of support may be beneficial for older adults, their effects depend on the nature of social exchange and the dimensions of well-being. This suggests that such factors should be systematically investigated in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kroemeke
- Department of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Gruszczynska
- Department of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
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102
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Ha JH, Kahng SK, Choi N. Reciprocal Effects Between Health and Social Support in Older Adults’ Relationships With Their Children and Friends. Res Aging 2016; 39:300-321. [DOI: 10.1177/0164027515611182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the longitudinal reciprocal effects between health and social support in older adults’ relationships with their children and friends. Data are from the 2006 and 2010 waves of the Health and Retirement Study ( N = 3,760). We focused on three specific aspects of social support: frequency of contact, positive interactions, and negative interactions. We used autoregressive cross-lagged models to examine the bidirectional effects between social support and health. When the bidirectional effects between health and social support were simultaneously examined, the longitudinal effect of social support on health was not significant. In contrast, older adults’ poor health was associated with decreased contact and decreased positive interactions with friends as well as with increased negative interactions with their adult children and friends. The findings suggest that older adults’ poor health has a negative impact on their social relationships and that such effect surpasses the impact of social relationships on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hwa Ha
- Department of Social Welfare, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Kyoung Kahng
- Department of Social Welfare, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Namkee Choi
- School of Social Work, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
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103
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Human LJ, Thorson KR, Mendes WB. Interactive Effects Between Extraversion and Oxytocin Administration. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1948550616644964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Intranasal administration of the neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) appears to have positive social consequences, but these effects are often highly context- and person-specific. The present research examined whether the core personality trait of extraversion may be one important person-specific factor that plays a role in these associations. Across two double-blind randomized placebo-controlled studies (total ns: Study 1 = 121; Study 2 = 112), we observed significant interactions between OT administration and extraversion predicting prosocial outcomes. For individuals low in extraversion, OT administration relative to placebo led to greater perceived social connection and prosocial tendencies (Study 1) and more positive behavioral responses to help and greater trust of an interaction partner (Study 2). In contrast, OT administration was not beneficial for individuals high in extraversion. Overall, these findings contribute to growing evidence that OT administration has complex, person-specific effects on social behavior, indicating that extraversion plays an important role in these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J. Human
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Wendy Berry Mendes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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104
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Li T, Tsang VHL. Age differences in the understanding of wealth and power: the mediating role of future time perspective. Eur J Ageing 2016; 13:349-360. [PMID: 28804387 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-016-0385-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals' understanding of wealth and power largely determines their use of resources. Moreover, the age range of wealth and power holders is increasing in modern societies. Thus, the current study examines how people of different ages understand wealth and power. As varying future time perspective is related to changes in prioritised life goals, it was tested as a potential mediator of the age differences. A total of 133 participants aged 18-78 years were asked 8 open-ended questions regarding their understanding of the possible use and desired use of wealth and power, after which they reported their future time perspective. Compared with possible use, the participants mentioned relatively more prosocial elements when they talked about their desired use of the resources, especially power. The older adults expressed more prosocial understanding in regard to the desired use of wealth and the possible use of power compared to their younger counterparts. The age differences were fully mediated by future time perspective. The results suggest that age is a critical factor that influences individuals' conceptualisation of wealth and power. Life-span developmental stage and future time perspective are important factors to consider for explaining individual differences in the exercise of wealth and power and for promoting their prosocial usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyuan Li
- Department of Psychological Studies, Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Centre for Psychosocial Health, Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vivian Hiu-Ling Tsang
- Department of Psychological Studies, Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Centre for Psychosocial Health, Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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105
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Nguyen AW, Chatters LM, Taylor RJ, Mouzon DM. Social Support from Family and Friends and Subjective Well-Being of Older African Americans. JOURNAL OF HAPPINESS STUDIES 2016; 17:959-979. [PMID: 27212890 PMCID: PMC4869534 DOI: 10.1007/s10902-015-9626-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ann W Nguyen
- School of Social Work, Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 530 Church Street, Room 3269 East Hall, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Linda M Chatters
- School of Public Health, School of Social Work, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Room 3818 SPH I, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Robert Joseph Taylor
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, 1080 South University Avenue, Room 3778 SSWB, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Dawne M Mouzon
- Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, Institute for Health, Health Care Policy, and Aging Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 33 Livingston Avenue, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
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106
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Abstract
Studies on correlates of subjective well-being of older adults are virtually non-existent in sub-Saharan Africa. Yet, understanding and improving the well-being of older adults should be a focal point of research and policy directed at this fast growing population. The aim of this study was to assess the links between socio-demographic factors, economic conditions, health, social relations, and the life satisfaction of older adults in Dakar. To this end, a survey was conducted on a sample of 500 dwellers of the Senegalese capital, aged 50 to 100, using the quota method for greater representativeness. Results revealed that with advancing age older adults expressed greater life satisfaction, and that older women were more satisfied than older men. As well, economic conditions were a main predictor of life satisfaction, along with good social relations. In contrast to findings with Western populations, neither self-rated health nor physical disabilities were associated with aging adults' life satisfaction. Findings suggest a number of avenues for future research.
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107
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Mantovani EP, Lucca SRD, Neri AL. Associações entre significados de velhice e bem-estar subjetivo indicado por satisfação em idosos. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GERIATRIA E GERONTOLOGIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-98232016019.150041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Objetivos: Investigar os significados atribuídos por idosos aos conceitos de velhice saudável e de ser feliz na velhice, bem como as associações entre os significados e suas avaliações sobre satisfação global e referenciada a domínios. Método: Esta investigação foi realizada a partir dos dados de um estudo multicêntrico, de corte transversal. As emissões verbais provenientes de amostras representativas de idosos comunitários (N=1.242, com 65 anos e mais), registradas no banco de dados de duas cidades brasileiras, foram submetidas à análise de conteúdo e comparadas com indicadores de satisfação, considerando-se sexo, idade e renda familiar. Resultados: Quatro temas e 14 categorias explicaram os dois conceitos: saúde física e funcionalidade (42,1% das emissões), bem-estar psicológico (25,4%), relações interpessoais (23,5%) e recursos materiais e acesso a serviços de saúde (9,0%). Exceção feita à satisfação e prazer, não foram observadas diferenças quanto às razões de prevalência entre as categorias de significado e pontuação alta em satisfação global. Conclusão: Os dois conceitos suscitaram significados comuns associados a aspectos positivos da velhice e refletiram sobre as avaliações de satisfação, evidenciando que, envelhecer de forma saudável e feliz é mais do que ter saúde, pois envolve também bem-estar psicológico e relações interpessoais.
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108
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Abstract
Drawing from life course, social networks, and developmental social psychology scholarship, this article considers how advice transmission varies across age groups and examines the age-contingent associations between advice-giving and life meaning. Binomial and ordered logistic regression using the 2006 Portraits of American Life Study ( n = 2,583) reveal that adults in their twenties are most likely to report offering advice to multiple social targets. Notably, however, the connection between advice-giving and life meaning is most pronounced for late-middle age adults—even as changes during this part of the life course reduce the odds of advice exchange. Consistent with developmental theory and the mattering perspective, we argue that advice is a mechanism for contributing to others’ welfare and for cultivating life meaning. Yet opportunity structures for advice transmission also shift over life course, leaving adults in late-middle age and beyond with fewer opportunities to engage in such generative practices.
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109
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East or West, Home is the Best: Effect of Intergenerational and Social Support on the Subjective Well-Being of Older Adults: A Comparison Between Migrants and Local Residents in Shenzhen, China. AGEING INTERNATIONAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12126-015-9234-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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110
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Abstract
ABSTRACTWidowhood becomes increasingly common with advancing age, and spousal bereavement is likely to present additional challenges for adults in very late life. However, previous studies have not considered the potential heterogeneity of the experience of widowhood for different age cohorts. This study provided a novel examination of the experience of social resources during widowhood in the fourth age. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 widowed older men and women in the fourth age, i.e. aged 85 years and older. Participants were asked about their access to, and mobilisation of, social resources during widowhood in the fourth age. The role that these resources play in adjustment to spousal loss was also explored. During this phase, widowhood was associated with diminished social networks and concurrent challenges related to ageing and health which impacted upon support needs and social participation. Despite requiring and receiving increasing levels of social support, participants strove to maximise independence. Males and those widowed during the fourth age were more likely to experience social isolation, loneliness and unwanted informal support. Through the mobilisation of social resources many oldest-old widowed adults continue to lead socially engaged and meaningful lives. The implications of the findings for future policy and practice are discussed, including the need for programmes to promote the continuing independence, self-directedness and social engagement of widowed individuals experiencing advanced ageing.
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111
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Reczek C, Zhang Z. Parent-Child Relationships and Parent Psychological Distress: How Do Social Support, Strain, Dissatisfaction, and Equity Matter? Res Aging 2015; 38:742-66. [PMID: 26334963 DOI: 10.1177/0164027515602315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Relationships with children are important for parents' psychological well-being, yet limited research addresses whether and how relationships with adult children matter for aging parents' psychological well-being in mid- to later life. We used four waves of national longitudinal data (Americans' Changing Lives, N = 1,692) and growth curve models to test how multiple dimensions of the intergenerational relationship-social support, strain, equity, and dissatisfaction-shape mid- to later life parents' psychological distress over time. Results showed that social support and strain were associated with parents' distress at baseline but not over time, while relationship equity and dissatisfaction affected change in parents' psychological distress over time. Findings further showed how the effects of dissatisfaction varied for mothers and fathers. This study adds to an understanding of the social context of aging by drawing attention to how specific dimensions of the parent-child tie matter longitudinally for mid- to later life parents' psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Reczek
- Department of Sociology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Sociology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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112
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Connecting prosocial behavior to improved physical health: Contributions from the neurobiology of parenting. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 55:1-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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113
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Reciprocity in material and time support within parent–child relationships during late-life widowhood. AGEING & SOCIETY 2015. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x15000537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe exchange of informal support within the social network plays a vital role in enabling older adults to remain living in the community as they age. Following spousal loss in later life, the exchange of instrumental support is of particular importance in order to meet the practical and financial needs of the bereaved spouse. Adult children are typically the primary source of social contact and informal support for older widowed adults following bereavement. However, very little is known of the longitudinal changes that occur in the exchange of instrumental support with children during the transition to late-life widowhood. Trajectories and predictors of change in material and time support exchange in parent–child relationships were modelled over a 15-year period for 1,266 older adults (mean age 76.7 years). Widowed older adults received more material and time support from their children than their married peers. Proximity to children, age at spousal loss, self-rated health, cognitive functioning and income were predictive of levels of exchanged instrumental support in late-life widowhood. Short-term reciprocity appears to continue in parent–child relationships during late-life widowhood. The implications of the findings for policy and practice are discussed, including the role of children in the support networks of older widowed adults and the potential difficulties faced by those who do not have access to informal avenues of support.
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114
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Hill R, Betts LR, Gardner SE. Older adults’ experiences and perceptions of digital technology: (Dis)empowerment, wellbeing, and inclusion. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2015.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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115
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Lee HJ, Lyu J, Lee CM, Burr JA. Intergenerational financial exchange and the psychological well-being of older adults in the Republic of Korea. Aging Ment Health 2015; 18:30-9. [PMID: 23581289 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2013.784955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined whether the exchange of instrumental support (i.e., financial resources) among older adults and their children was related to the psychological well-being of older Koreans. METHODS Data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing were employed. Older adults who were aged 65 and older and who had at least one living child who did not live in the respondent's household were included (N = 3791). Well-being was measured with depressive symptoms (CES-D-10) and life satisfaction. For the direction model of exchange, giving and receiving support was assessed with financial aid (cash and non-cash). For the reciprocity model of exchange, four patterns of financial exchanges were identified: both giving and receiving, receiving only, giving only, and no exchange. RESULTS The results from the direction model showed that older adults who give financial support were less likely to be depressed and reported higher levels of life satisfaction. The effect of receiving support was not significant for depression but was related to higher levels of life satisfaction. The results from the reciprocity model showed that those who gave and received support had better psychological health compared to those who only received support. CONCLUSIONS Both giving and receiving were positively related to the psychological well-being of older adults. Our results provide support for identity theory and equity theory as frameworks for understanding intergenerational exchange and well-being of older Koreans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jung Lee
- a Department of Gerontology , University of Massachusetts Boston , Boston , USA
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116
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Cheng YP, Birditt KS, Zarit SH, Fingerman KL. Young Adults' Provision of Support to Middle-Aged Parents. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2015; 70:407-16. [PMID: 24162441 PMCID: PMC4542646 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbt108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Middle-aged adults often provide support to aging parents, but researchers know little about support that young adults provide middle-aged parents. This study examined support that young adults provide parents and explanations for that support from both offspring's and parents' perspectives. METHOD Young adults (n = 515, mean age = 22.34) and their parents (n = 364, mean age = 50.09) from the Family Exchanges Study reported support that offspring provide parents. Participants also reported parental personal problems, parental disability status, relationship quality, and support that parents provide offspring. RESULTS Offspring provided parents with emotional support and listening more often than other forms of support. Offspring reported providing more frequent support than parents reported receiving. We examined factors associated with support using multilevel models. Both offspring and parents reported more frequent support provided to parents when they had higher quality relationships and when parents gave more frequent support to offspring. Offspring (but not parents) reported providing more frequent support to parents when parents were disabled. DISCUSSION Findings are consistent with solidarity theory, which suggests that high-quality relationships may explain support. The concept of self-enhancement and generativity in middle-aged parents may explain the intergenerational differences in the association between parental disability and support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Pi Cheng
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin.
| | - Kira S Birditt
- Institute of Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Steven H Zarit
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park
| | - Karen L Fingerman
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin
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117
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Rabelo DF, Neri AL. Tipos de configuração familiar e condições de saúde física e psicológica em idosos. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2015; 31:874-84. [DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00087514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigamos relações entre configuração familiar (arranjo de moradia, chefia familiar e contribuição financeira para o sustento da família), idade, sexo e condições de saúde física (capacidade funcional, número de doenças e de sinais e sintomas, e envolvimento social) e saúde psicológica (depressão e ansiedade) em idosos, conforme autorrelato. A amostra probabilística tinha 134 idosos sem déficit cognitivo e os dados foram coletados por entrevista domiciliar. Foi feita análise de conglomerados mediante o método da partição (três agrupamentos). As variáveis que mais contribuíram para a formação dos grupos foram as atividades básicas (R2 = 0,732) e instrumentais da vida diária (R2 = 0,487), o número de doenças (R2 = 0,241) e a idade (R2 = 0,225). A configuração familiar predominante foi corresidência com os descendentes, sendo os idosos provedores e chefes de família. Foram encontradas relações entre configuração familiar, condições de saúde física e saúde psicológica. As mulheres apresentaram maior ônus financeiro e pior saúde física e psicológica do que os homens.
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118
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Liebermann SC, Müller A, Weigl M, Wegge J. Antecedents of the expectation of remaining in nursing until retirement age. J Adv Nurs 2015; 71:1624-38. [PMID: 25691136 DOI: 10.1111/jan.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To identify job-related resources which strengthen nurses' expectation of remaining in the same job until retirement age. BACKGROUND The dramatic shortage of qualified nurses in industrialized countries makes it necessary to take steps to retain nurses at work at all career stages. The study introduces to the nursing literature the construct 'expectation of remaining in the same job until retirement age' as an early indicator of attitudes responsible for employees leaving the job prematurely. DESIGN Longitudinal questionnaire survey. METHODS In 2010, a longitudinal study was carried out and data were collected from 387 nurses aged 21-63 years. To ensure predictive validity, the dependent variable was assessed again in 2011 after a time lag of 6 months. Data were analysed applying multiple regression analyses. FINDINGS The expectation of remaining in the same job until retirement age is positively related to work-time control, role clarity and colleague support. Supervisor support exerts an indirect effect via job resources. Vitality partially mediates the relationship between job resources and the expectation of remaining in the same job until retirement age. Most importantly, as hypothesized, the analysed relationships are different for younger (<30 years), middle-aged (30-50 years) and older (>50 years) nurses. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that interventions that seek to retain nurses should promote different job resources along the working life span to strengthen nurses' vitality in all age groups. Future research should apply age-differentiated measures to unveil work conditions that improve the retention of nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne C Liebermann
- Institute of Work-, Organizational and Social Psychology, Technical University Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Müller
- Institute for Occupational Medicine and Social Medicine, Duesseldorf University, Germany
| | - Matthias Weigl
- Institute of Work-. Social-, and Environmental Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Wegge
- Institute of Work-, Organizational and Social Psychology, Technical University Dresden, Germany
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119
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Extended family and friendship support networks are both protective and risk factors for major depressive disorder and depressive symptoms among African-Americans and black Caribbeans. J Nerv Ment Dis 2015; 203:132-40. [PMID: 25594791 PMCID: PMC4310769 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000000249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study explores relationships between lifetime and 12-month Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV) major depressive disorder (MDD), depressive symptoms, and involvement with family and friends within a national sample of African-American and Black Caribbean adults (n = 5191). MDD was assessed using the DSM-IV World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview and depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression subscale and the K6. Findings indicated that among both populations, close supportive ties with family members and friends are associated with lower rates of depression and MDD. For African-Americans, closeness to family members was important for both 12-month and lifetime MDD, and both family and friend closeness were important for depressive symptoms. For Caribbean Blacks, family closeness had more limited associations with outcomes and was directly associated with psychological distress only. Negative interactions with family (conflict, criticisms), however, were associated with higher MDD and depressive symptoms among both African-Americans and Black Caribbeans.
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120
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Abstract
Demographic change and policy changes in social care provision can affect the type of social care support received by older people, whether through informal, formal state or formal paid-for sources. This paper analyses the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing data (wave 4) in order to examine the relationship between demographic and socio-economic characteristics, and the receipt of support from different sources by older people who report difficulty with daily activities. The research outlines three key results with implications for the future organisation of social care for older people. Firstly, the number of instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) an older person reports having difficulty with, followed by the number of activities of daily living (ADLs) are the strongest determinants of receiving support from any source. Secondly, there are significant gender differences in the factors associated with receiving support from different sources; for example, physical health is a strong determinant of informal support receipt by men, while mental health status is a strong determinant of informal support receipt by women. Finally, the research shows that different kinds of impediments in everyday life are associated with receiving support from different sources. This ‘link’ between particular types of difficulties and support receipt from particular sources raises questions about the way social care provision can or should be organised in the future.
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121
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Heintzelman SJ, Bacon PL. Relational self-construal moderates the effect of social support on life satisfaction. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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122
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Childhood memories, family ties, sibling support and loneliness in ever-widowed older adults: quantitative and qualitative results. AGEING & SOCIETY 2014. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x14001329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTFamily relationships play a major role in individuals' lives and can be a source of comfort, support and protection during the entire lifecourse. Particularly in the context of life events, such as widowhood, family relationships may be salient for (older) adults in coping with feelings of grief, loss and loneliness. Using Dutch survey data and 18 in-depth interviews from a sub-sample, this study examines the role of family relationships through the lifespan in reducing loneliness among ever-widowed older adults (i.e. persons who have at some time during their life experienced the death of a spouse). Particular attention was paid to childhood memories, family ties and support from siblings. Quantitative analyses examined associations between loneliness and childhood experiences of relationships with parents, family ties and sibling support. Qualitative data elucidated how ever-widowed adults recall relations with parents and siblings and experience current family relations. Quantitative and qualitative data showed that emotional support from siblings reduced loneliness. Additionally, positive memories of childhood relationships and current family ties were negatively related to loneliness. In times of ever-increasing longevity, work detailing how family relationships across the lifecourse are supportive in alleviating loneliness is a key issue on the social research and policy agenda.
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123
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Lee ES. The Impact of Social and Spiritual Connectedness on the Psychological Well-being Among Older Americans. JOURNAL OF RELIGION SPIRITUALITY & AGING 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/15528030.2013.879090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Minagawa Y, Saito Y. An Analysis of the Impact of Cell Phone Use on Depressive Symptoms among Japanese Elders. Gerontology 2014; 60:539-47. [DOI: 10.1159/000363059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Siedlecki KL, Salthouse TA, Oishi S, Jeswani S. The Relationship Between Social Support and Subjective Well-Being Across Age. SOCIAL INDICATORS RESEARCH 2014; 117:561-576. [PMID: 25045200 PMCID: PMC4102493 DOI: 10.1007/s11205-013-0361-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The relationships among types of social support and different facets of subjective well-being (i.e., life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect) were examined in a sample of 1,111 individuals between the ages of 18 and 95. Using structural equation modeling we found that life satisfaction was predicted by enacted and perceived support, positive affect was predicted by family embeddedness and provided support, and negative affect was predicted by perceived support. When personality variables were included in a subsequent model, the influence of the social support variables were generally reduced. Invariance analyses conducted across age groups indicated that there were no substantial differences in predictors of the different types of subjective well-being across age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L. Siedlecki
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, 113 West 60th Street, New York, NY 10023, USA
| | | | - Shigehiro Oishi
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Sheena Jeswani
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, 113 West 60th Street, New York, NY 10023, USA
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Green Perspective for a Hopeful Future: Explaining Green Schools’ Contribution to Environmental Subjective Well-Being. REVIEW OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1037/gpr0000006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This article offers a new perspective on 2 of the most pressing challenges of contemporary society: improving the state of the environment and improving the subjective well-being (SWB) of adolescents, who are not only likely to suffer the severe consequences of environmental degradation but are also society's future leaders. We present an innovative interdisciplinary approach blending positive psychology with environmental education to study the previously unexplored mechanisms by which green schools may promote not only adolescents’ environmental behavior (EB) but also their SWB. Within a new framework of environmental subjective well-being, our explanatory theoretical model posits a potential chain of influence that begins with green schools’ effects on students’ goal-directed environmental hope (a latent cognitive variable indicated by agency thinking, pathway thinking, and trusting other members of society), which in turn contributes to increased levels of EB and SWB. A latent cognitive–behavioral variable, indicated by self-control skills and resistance to peer pressure, is posited as moderator of the relation between environmental hope and actual EB. Implications for research, practice, and policy are proposed.
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127
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Sefcik JS, Abbott KM. “Right Back to Square One Again”: The Experience of Friendship Among Assisted Living Residents. ACTIVITIES ADAPTATION & AGING 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/01924788.2014.878872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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128
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Kooshair H, Yahaya N, Hamid TA, Abu Samah A. Gender as a Moderator of the Relation Among Social Support Functions and Life Satisfaction in Older Malaysians. J Women Aging 2014; 26:22-38. [DOI: 10.1080/08952841.2014.858550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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129
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Bangerter LR, Kim K, Zarit SH, Birditt KS, Fingerman KL. Perceptions of Giving Support and Depressive Symptoms in Late Life. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2014; 55:770-9. [PMID: 24476582 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnt210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Research shows that parents benefit psychologically from generativity--giving and caring for the next generation--but older adults' perceptions on giving support to their children are rarely if ever explored in these studies. The current study examines the association between the support that aging parents give to one of their middle-aged offspring, their perception of this support as rewarding or stressful, and their levels of depressive symptoms. DESIGN AND METHODS The sample draws from The Family Exchanges Study and consisted of 337 older parents (mean age: 76) who were drawn from a larger study of middle-aged adults (i.e., target participants). Older parents reported tangible and nontangible forms of support given to the target middle-aged child and the extent to which they viewed providing such support as stressful and/or rewarding. RESULTS We found significant interactions between tangible support and feelings of reward and between nontangible support and feelings of stress in explaining parental depressive symptoms. Parents who found giving support to be highly rewarding had lower levels of depressive symptoms when giving high amounts of tangible support. Conversely, parents who view giving support to be highly stressful had higher levels of depressive symptoms when they gave low amounts of nontangible support. IMPLICATIONS Findings suggest older parents' perceptions of supporting their offspring may condition how generativity affects their mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren R Bangerter
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park.
| | - Kyungmin Kim
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Steven H Zarit
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park
| | - Kira S Birditt
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Karen L Fingerman
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin
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Perkins EA, Haley WE. Emotional and Tangible Reciprocity in Middle- and Older-Aged Carers of Adults With Intellectual Disabilities. JOURNAL OF POLICY AND PRACTICE IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/jppi.12061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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131
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Neri AL, Vieira LAM. Envolvimento social e suporte social percebido na velhice. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GERIATRIA E GERONTOLOGIA 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s1809-98232013000300002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVOS: Analisar relações entre envolvimento social e suporte social percebido em idosos comunitários, considerando as variáveis gênero, idade, escolaridade e localidade de residência. MÉTODO: 1.451 idosos sem déficit cognitivo sugestivo de demência, integrantes de amostras probabilísticas de um estudo multicêntrico sobre fragilidade realizado em quatro localidades com níveis socioeconômicos contrastantes foram entrevistados sobre seu envolvimento em atividades avançadas de vida diária de natureza social, produtiva, de lazer, cultural, organizacional e política, suporte social percebido e características sociodemográficas. RESULTADOS: 65,5% dos idosos eram mulheres e 69,7% tinham entre 65 e 74 anos. A média de idade foi 72,2 ± 5,4 e a média de anos escolaridade, 4,23±3,8. As atividades avançadas de vida diária desempenhadas com maior frequência foram ir à igreja, fazer viagens curtas e ir a reuniões sociais; as interrompidas por mais idosos foram realizar trabalho remunerado, fazer viagens longas e ir a eventos culturais. O envolvimento social foi maior entre as mulheres, os idosos mais jovens, os com nível mais alto de escolaridade e os residentes nas localidades economicamente mais desenvolvidas. Foram observadas correlações positivas e significativas entre envolvimento social e suporte social percebido e correlações negativas entre envolvimento social e idade. CONCLUSÕES: A manutenção de atividades avançadas de vida diária de natureza social, de lazer, cultural, organizacional e política indica motivação para relações sociais, integração social e produtividade, elementos que integram o conceito de velhice bem-sucedida.
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A longitudinal analysis of the impact of family support on the morale of older parents in Japan: does the parent's normative belief in filial responsibilities make a difference? AGEING & SOCIETY 2013; 33:1053-1076. [PMID: 23913993 PMCID: PMC3728917 DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x1200044x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Japan presents a unique social laboratory in which to examine how family support impacts on older adults’ psychological wellbeing. This is because of its cultural climate where distinctively different expectations of old-age independence and the traditional norm of filial piety coexist. This study investigated how structural and functional dimensions of the family support of older Japanese parents influence their psychological morale, and whether the impacts of family support on parents’ morale vary depending on the parents’ belief in the traditional cultural norm of filial piety. Four waves of data from the Nihon University Japanese Longitudinal Study of Aging (NUJLSOA) collected in 1999, 2001, 2003 and 2006 were analysed. Combining the two- or three-year span of longitudinal data between each wave (N=3,882), an ordered logistic regression analysis was undertaken. The results reveal that although parents who were widowed or received emotional support from a child tended to report a lower level of morale, the negative influences of such support tended to be mitigated if the parent agreed with the traditional cultural norm of filial responsibilities. These results imply that the meaning and benefit of family support may differ depending on the degree to which Japanese older parents support the traditional norm of filial responsibilities.
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133
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Kushner B, Neville S, Adams J. Perceptions of ageing as an older gay man: a qualitative study. J Clin Nurs 2013; 22:3388-95. [PMID: 23815558 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.12362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To explore the ageing experiences of gay men in New Zealand over the age of 65 years. BACKGROUND An increased acceptance by many people in Western societies towards men who are same-sex attracted is likely to result in a corresponding increase in the number of visible older gay men being the recipients of nursing care. Previous research has shown that nursing has some way to go towards providing a service that is culturally safe and appropriate. DESIGN A critical gerontological approach was employed to explore the ageing experiences of gay men in New Zealand over the age of 65 years. This methodology ensured the voices of older gay men were foregrounded in the research. METHODS Semi-structured digitally recorded individual interviews with 12 gay men aged between 65-81 years who lived in the community were undertaken. Data were analysed using thematic analysis to identify the repeated patterns across the men's talk. RESULTS Three main themes relating to the ageing experiences of these men were identified: 'homophobia', 'being with someone' and 'future care'. CONCLUSIONS Resilience was a significant factor in how well older gay men aged even in an environment where homophobia and heterosexism were common. Having a strong social support network was an important factor that contributed to supporting the ageing process. These gay men were wary about having to go into residential care, preferring to age in their own homes. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Nurses and other healthcare professionals need to ensure healthcare services meet the needs of older gay men. Any interaction with older gay men should occur in a way that is open and respectful. The usage of best practice guidelines will assist organisations to deliver culturally safe and appropriate care to this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernie Kushner
- Department of Nursing, Unitec Institute of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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Emery EE. Who am I with Parkinson's Disease? A Psychologist Response to Chaplain Intervention in the Context of Identity Theory. J Health Care Chaplain 2013; 19:120-9. [DOI: 10.1080/08854726.2013.807696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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135
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The relationship between building design and residents’ quality of life in extra care housing schemes. Health Place 2013; 21:52-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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136
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Farrell LC, Fudge J. An exploration of a quasi-stable online network: A longitudinal perspective. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2012.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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137
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Turner JB, Turner RJ. Social Relations, Social Integration, and Social Support. HANDBOOKS OF SOCIOLOGY AND SOCIAL RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-4276-5_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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138
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyun Yoo
- a Seoul National University, Graduate School of Public Health , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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139
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Fässberg MM, van Orden KA, Duberstein P, Erlangsen A, Lapierre S, Bodner E, Canetto SS, Leo DD, Szanto K, Waern M. A systematic review of social factors and suicidal behavior in older adulthood. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2012; 9:722-45. [PMID: 22690159 PMCID: PMC3367273 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph9030722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Suicide in later life is a global public health problem. The aim of this review was to conduct a systematic analysis of studies with comparison groups that examined the associations between social factors and suicidal behavior (including ideation, non-fatal suicidal behavior, or deaths) among individuals aged 65 and older. Our search identified only 16 articles (across 14 independent samples) that met inclusion criteria. The limited number of studies points to the need for further research. Included studies were conducted in Canada (n = 2), Germany (n = 1), Hong Kong (n = 1), Japan (n = 1), Singapore (n = 1), Sweden (n = 2), Taiwan (n = 1), the U.K. (n = 2), and the U.S. (n = 3). The majority of the social factors examined in this review can be conceptualized as indices of positive social connectedness-the degree of positive involvement with family, friends, and social groups. Findings indicated that at least in industrialized countries, limited social connectedness is associated with suicidal ideation, non-fatal suicidal behavior, and suicide in later life. Primary prevention programs designed to enhance social connections as well as a sense of community could potentially decrease suicide risk, especially among men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Mellqvist Fässberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Wallinsgatan 6, 43141 Mölndal, Sweden;
| | - Kimberly A. van Orden
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, 300 Crittenden Boulevard, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (K.A.O.); (P.D.)
| | - Paul Duberstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, 300 Crittenden Boulevard, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (K.A.O.); (P.D.)
| | - Annette Erlangsen
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, 624 North Broadway, S850, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Sylvie Lapierre
- Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 des Forges blvd., Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada;
| | - Ehud Bodner
- The Interdisciplinary Department of Social Sciences and the Music Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel;
| | - Silvia Sara Canetto
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
| | - Diego De Leo
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, National Centre of Excellence in Suicide Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, and Life Promotion Clinic, Mt Gravatt Campus, Griffith University,176 Messines Ridge Road, Mt Gravatt, QLD 4122, Australia;
| | - Katalin Szanto
- Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O’Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA;
| | - Margda Waern
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Blå Stråket 15, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +46-702-272-205; Fax: +46-31-828-163
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140
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Nyman SR, Dibb B, Victor CR, Gosney MA. Emotional well-being and adjustment to vision loss in later life: a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies. Disabil Rehabil 2011; 34:971-81. [DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2011.626487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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141
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Abstract
Marital satisfaction is gaining increasing concern in modern society. The current review proposes the dynamic goal theory of marital satisfaction to integrate previous findings about marital satisfaction from a life span developmental perspective. The theory argues that people have multiple goals to achieve in their marriage. These marital goals can be classified into three categories: personal growth goals, companionship goals, and instrumental goals. The priority of the three types of marital goals is under dynamic changes across adulthood. Generally speaking, young couples emphasize the personal growth goals, middle-aged couples prioritize the instrumental goals, and old couples focus on the companionship goals. Whether the prioritized marital goals are achieved in marriage determines marital satisfaction. Other factors influencing marital satisfaction can be linked with marital goals in two ways. Some factors, such as life transitions and cultural values, can affect the priority of different marital goals; while other factors, such as communication pattern, problem solving, and attribution, can facilitate the achievement of the prioritized marital goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyuan Li
- Department of Psychology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Helene H. Fung
- Department of Psychology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
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142
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Chao SF. Assessing social support and depressive symptoms in older Chinese adults: a longitudinal perspective. Aging Ment Health 2011; 15:765-74. [PMID: 21838514 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2011.562182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the relationship between social support and depression in a national longitudinal sample in Taiwan. This study integrates previous literature and develops a predictive model involving seven components of social support - social network size, network composition, frequency of social contact, proximity, types of support received, helping others, and satisfaction with social support. METHOD A total of 4049 elders who were interviewed up to five times over a 14-year period from the 'Surveys of Health and Living Status of Elderly' (SHLSE) in Taiwan served as the subjects of this study. Random effects modeling was used to analyze the data. RESULTS Greater network size, broader networks, more frequency of contact, living with a married son, receiving instrumental, emotional and financial support, providing financial and short-term instrumental support to others, and higher satisfaction with support were all associated with fewer depressive symptoms. Providing physical care was related to higher levels of depression. Of the social support measures, satisfaction with support emerged as the most powerful predictor of elders' depression. CONCLUSION This investigation provides evidence that each aspect of social support accounts for a certain portion of the concept and emphasizes the importance of distinguishing different dimensions of social support. Also, the inconsistent findings between the current study and the Chinese literature reminds future investigators that the effect of social support on depression may differ among Chinese elderly in different communities, even through they share the same cultural origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Chao
- Department of Social Work, Tzu Chi University, Taiwan.
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143
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Li T, Fok HK, Fung HH. Is reciprocity always beneficial? Age differences in the association between support balance and life satisfaction. Aging Ment Health 2011; 15:541-7. [PMID: 21815845 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2010.551340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Reciprocity in support exchanges is believed to be beneficial to psychological well-being. This study examined perceived emotional and instrumental support balance from either family or friends, and the relationship between each support balance and life satisfaction among young and older adults. METHOD The sample included 107 older adults and 96 young adults. They rated their life satisfaction, as well as the emotional and instrumental support they provided to and received from family members and friends. RESULTS Consistent with the socioemotional selectivity theory, age differences were found in perceived emotional support balance with friends. Older adults reported more emotionally reciprocal friendships than did young adults. Moreover, contrary to the equity rule, emotionally over-benefited friendships were associated with higher life satisfaction for older adults than were reciprocal friendships. CONCLUSION Age, type of support, and source of support should be considered when studying the relationships between support balance and psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyuan Li
- Department of Psychology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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