1
|
Sun K, Chen M, Feng D, Cao C. Intergenerational Transmission of Depressive Symptoms from Mothers to Adolescents: A Moderated Mediation Model. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024; 55:600-612. [PMID: 36327044 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01460-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Substantial literature investigating the intergenerational transmission of depressive symptoms has primarily focused on mothers and adolescents, whereas less is known about the potential role of fathers, especially their parenting behaviors. This study aimed to address this gap by examining the mediating role of maternal parenting, and the moderating role of paternal parenting in this intergenerational transmission pathway. A total of 528 Chinese community adolescents (Mage = 12.70 ± 1.49 years; 48.7%, girls) and their mothers participated. After adolescent sex, age, maternal educational levels, and monthly household income were controlled for, both maternal warmth and rejection mediated the association between maternal and adolescent depressive symptoms. More importantly, paternal warmth buffered the adverse effect of maternal depressive symptoms and maternal rejection on adolescent depressive symptoms. These findings highlight the buffering role of paternal parenting in blocking the intergenerational transmission risk of depressive symptoms from mothers to adolescents and emphasize the need for father-focused interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Sun
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Meijing Chen
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Danjun Feng
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cong Cao
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bonumwezi JL, Grapin SL, Uddin M, Coyle S, Habintwali D, Lowe SR. Intergenerational trauma transmission through family psychosocial factors in adult children of Rwandan survivors of the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi. Soc Sci Med 2024; 348:116837. [PMID: 38579628 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Thirty years after the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda, children of survivors are being increasingly documented to be at higher risk compared to their peers for adverse mental health outcomes. However, no studies in Rwanda have empirically explored family psychosocial factors underlying this intergenerational transmission of trauma. We investigated family psychosocial factors that could underlie this transmission in 251 adult Rwandan children of survivors (mean age = 23.31, SD = 2.40; 50.2% female) who completed a cross-sectional online survey. For participants with survivor mothers (n = 187), we found that both offspring-reported maternal trauma exposure and maternal PTSD were indirectly associated with children's PTSD via maternal trauma communication (specifically, nonverbal and guilt-inducing communication), and that maternal PTSD was indirectly associated with children's PTSD, anxiety, and depression symptoms through family communication styles. For participants with survivor fathers (n = 170), we found that paternal PTSD symptoms were indirectly associated with children's anxiety and depression symptoms via paternal parenting styles (specifically, abusive and indifferent parenting). Although replication is needed in longitudinal research with parent-child dyads, these results reaffirm the importance of looking at mass trauma in a family context and suggest that intergenerational trauma interventions should focus on addressing family communication, trauma communication, and parenting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sally L Grapin
- Department of Psychology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA
| | - Monica Uddin
- Genomics Program, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Samantha Coyle
- Department of Psychology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA
| | | | - Sarah R Lowe
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen J, Chen M. Trajectories of Intergenerational Emotional Closeness in Multi-Child Aging Families in China. Res Aging 2024; 46:314-326. [PMID: 38243368 DOI: 10.1177/01640275241229683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Intergenerational emotional closeness (IEC) in multi-child families manifests not only in the overall parent-child relationship but also by the extent of its within-family differentiation. This study aimed to identify distinct trajectories of collective IEC in multi-child families and to examine its potential associated factors. The study used four waves of the China Family Panel Studies (2010-2018). Based on a sample of 3474 older adults (age >60), growth mixture modelling and logistic regression were conducted. Two latent trajectory patterns of IEC were identified: increasingly tight-knit (93%) and persistently collectively ambivalent (7%). Compared to the latter trajectory, older adults who had a married/cohabiting partner, had better health and received support from all children, were more likely to have increasingly tight-knit trajectories of IEC. The study tells a story more about emotional cohesion between Chinese older adults and multiple offspring over time. Aging families experiencing persistently collectively ambivalent IEC deserve more attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chen
- Department of Social Work, School of Sociology and Political Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengni Chen
- Department of Sociology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jiang Z, Liu H, Deng J, Ye Y, Li D. Influence of intergenerational support on the mental health of older people in China. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299986. [PMID: 38635847 PMCID: PMC11025908 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Today, population aging is the main trend of population development. Home-based care is mainly adopted in Chinese society, and scholars have paid ample attention to the effect of intergenerational support on the mental health of older people. However, research conclusions differ. This study uses data from the 2018 China Health and Pension Tracking Survey (CHARLS), which we analyzed with STATA software to construct least squares regression and two-stage least squares regression models. The regression model included 6,647 respondents to investigate the mental health status of older people based on depression status. Intergenerational support was defined as economic support, emotional support, and daily care provided by the children of older people. We studied the impact of three aspects of intergenerational support on the mental health of the elderly. We performed a robustness test using the variable replacement and propensity score matching methods, and analyzed age, gender, and urban-rural heterogeneity. The results showed that economic support had no significant impact on the mental health of older people, while emotional support and daily care had a positive effect. The heterogeneity results indicated that the relationship between intergenerational support and mental health of older people differed significantly based on age, gender, and urban and rural areas. Therefore, children should raise their awareness of supporting their parents, pay attention to their parents' mental health, and provide emotional support and daily care. Furthermore, community work improves family relations, creates a good social environment, and encourages young people to respect and be filial to older people. The government should improve the medical security system and old-age service system, and provide policy support to help the mental health of older people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zicheng Jiang
- School of Hospital Economics and Management, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Data Science and Innovative Development of Chinese Medicine in Anhui Province Philosophy and Social, Hefei, China
| | - Huan Liu
- School of Hospital Economics and Management, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Data Science and Innovative Development of Chinese Medicine in Anhui Province Philosophy and Social, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Deng
- School of Hospital Economics and Management, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Data Science and Innovative Development of Chinese Medicine in Anhui Province Philosophy and Social, Hefei, China
| | - Yizhong Ye
- School of Hospital Economics and Management, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Data Science and Innovative Development of Chinese Medicine in Anhui Province Philosophy and Social, Hefei, China
| | - Dexun Li
- School of Hospital Economics and Management, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Data Science and Innovative Development of Chinese Medicine in Anhui Province Philosophy and Social, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huang R, Gong R, Deng Q, Hu Y. The effect of intergenerational support from children on loneliness among older adults-the moderating effect of internet usage and intergenerational distance. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1330617. [PMID: 38655528 PMCID: PMC11036867 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1330617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Loneliness is a key social and public health issue, mainly affecting the mental health of older adults. The article aimed to explore the influence of intergenerational support from children on loneliness among older adults. Meanwhile, the article also analyzed the moderating effects of internet usage and intergenerational distance in this process. Methods Based on the data received from 2018 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS), the ordinary least square (OLS) regression model was used to analyze the influence of intergenerational support from children on loneliness among older adults. Furthermore, the Bootstrap method was used to test the moderating effect of internet usage and intergenerational distance on the relationship between intergenerational support from children on loneliness among older adults. Results Baseline regression showed that economic support (β = -0.059, p < 0.001), caregiving support (β = -0.070, p < 0.001), and emotional support (β = -0.108, p < 0.001) from children can positively influence loneliness among older adults. Meanwhile, the results of the moderated effects analysis showed that internet usage and intergenerational distance moderates the relationship between caregiving support, emotional support from children and loneliness among older adults. Conclusion The article demonstrates that family support, particularly intergenerational support from children plays a pivotal role in alleviating loneliness among older adults, so the government should further regulate the behavior of children's alimony support, improve the digital infrastructure, these measures help to reduce loneliness among older adults and expand the depth and breadth of family care of older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Huang
- College of Public Administration and Law, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- College of Administration, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Rengui Gong
- School of Public Management and Law, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, China
| | - Qiong Deng
- College of Public Administration, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yangming Hu
- College of Public Administration, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xu J, Wang Y, Cheung JC, Yin Y. Analysis of the chain mediation effect between intergenerational support and mental health of older adults in urban China: a structural equation model. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:323. [PMID: 38589808 PMCID: PMC11003019 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04883-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed investigate the impact of intergenerational support on the mental health of older adults in urban China. It also sought to evaluate the chain mediation effect of attitudes toward younger people and willingness to interact with younger people within a non-familial context between intergenerational support and mental health. METHODS Data were derived from a community survey that adopted quota sampling in mainland China in 2022 (N = 780). Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data, and the bootstrap technique was used to test the mediation effect. RESULTS A significant positive association was found between intergenerational support and the mental health of older adults in urban China (B = 0.852, 95% confidence interval CI [0.157,1.617]). Intergenerational support had a specific indirect effect on mental health through older adults' attitudes toward younger people within a non-familial context (B = 0.665, 95% CI [0.443,1.046]). There was a chain mediation effect (B = 0.126, 95% CI [0.069,0.224]) in relation to attitudes toward younger people and the willingness to interact with younger people between intergenerational support and mental health. Mediation accounted for 44.44% of the total effects in the model. CONCLUSION These findings help identify modifiable factors that can improve the mental health of older adults. In line with the proposed serial multiple mediation model, this study provides theoretical and practical insights concerning the synergistic effect of intergenerational support at the family level and intergenerational interaction at the community level. Policy and social service implications are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Xu
- Department of Sociology, Zhou Enlai School of Government, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Youwei Wang
- School of Sociology & Anthropology, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 135, Xingang West Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Justin C Cheung
- Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yanlong Yin
- Department of Social Security, School of Public Administration, Hebei University of Economics and Business, Shijiazhuang, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Baartmans JMD, van Steensel BFJA, Kossakowski JJ, Klein AM, Bögels SM. Intergenerational relations in childhood anxiety: A network approach. Scand J Psychol 2024; 65:346-358. [PMID: 37966048 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Family factors are assumed to play a central role in the development of childhood anxiety disorders. How child and parental anxiety symptoms are intertwined on a symptom and family level has not yet been examined. Such knowledge may lead to a more detailed understanding of the intergenerational relation in anxiety problems. The current study investigated the relation between anxiety in children and their parents at a symptom level using a network approach. METHOD Parents of 1,452 clinically referred children in the Netherlands completed questionnaires on anxiety about their children and themselves. We examined relations on a symptom level both within persons and between parents and children. In addition, we also compared the relations between parental and child anxiety symptoms in families with children with an anxiety disorder (n = 350) versus families with children who displayed other psychiatric diagnoses (n = 1,102). RESULTS Anxiety symptom relations within persons were more intertwined than the symptom relations between family members. Between-person relations were found among similar anxiety symptoms, suggesting specific intergenerational relations. The feeling of being fearful was found to be a central and connecting symptom in all family members (fathers, mothers, and children). The relations between parental and child anxiety symptoms were more specific (i.e., among similar symptoms) in families with children with an anxiety disorder than in families with children with other types of psychopathologies. CONCLUSIONS This study found that anxiety symptom associations are present within the family on a detailed (symptom) level. This stresses the importance of future studies to examine factors responsible for this family-anxiety transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeanine M D Baartmans
- UvA Minds, Academic Treatment Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Anke M Klein
- Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Developmental and Educational Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Susan M Bögels
- Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tsiloni E, Dragioti E, Gouva M, Vassilopoulos SP, Mentis M. Psychosocial effects of intergenerational learning on primary school children and older Adults: A systematic review. Gerontol Geriatr Educ 2024; 45:289-322. [PMID: 36966565 DOI: 10.1080/02701960.2023.2189248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years there has been increasing emphasis on the importance of intergenerational learning and interaction. People of different ages engage in meaningful and mutually beneficial activities, aimed at developing knowledge, skills, and values. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the psychosocial effects of intergenerational learning in school-age children and older adults. A systematic review of both quantitative and qualitative data was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, and ERIC electronic databases were searched up to 26 July 2022 using the following Population (P) -Exposure (E) - Outcome (O) elements: school-age children and older adults (P), intergenerational learning (E), and psychosocial effects (O). Reference lists of included datasets and relevant review articles were also extensively searched. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to assess the quality of eligible studies. A narrative synthesis was used as a framework for data analysis. Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria. Regarding the psychosocial outcomes of participation in intergenerational activities for children and older adults, the majority of studies highlighted improvements in attitudes, well-being, happiness, and other social and psychological aspects, although methodological flaws are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Tsiloni
- Department of Educational Sciences and Social Work, University of Patras, Patra, Greece
| | - Elena Dragioti
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre and Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
- Research Laboratory Psychology of Patients, Families & Health Professionals, Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Mary Gouva
- Research Laboratory Psychology of Patients, Families & Health Professionals, Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Manolis Mentis
- Department of Educational Sciences and Social Work, University of Patras, Patra, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bétrisey C, Carrier A, Cardinal JF, Lagacé M, Cohen AA, Beaulieu M, Baillargeon D, Levasseur M. Which interventions with youths counter ageism toward older adults? Results from a realist review. Gerontol Geriatr Educ 2024; 45:323-344. [PMID: 37186802 DOI: 10.1080/02701960.2023.2210521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Age-related social biases - ageism - are developed at an early age. Interventions to counter ageism have been identified but little is known about their mechanisms, particularly in children. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of which interventions in youths are most effective, under which circumstances, how, and with what outcomes. Using 46 keywords in 6 databases, a realist review identified 24 studies published between 2000 and 2022 targeting youths under 18. A content analysis of these studies led to the construction of a Context-Mechanisms-Outcomes explanatory model. Contextual facilitators triggering mechanisms for changing stereotypes, prejudices and discrimination were: 1) enhancing knowledge about aging and older adults by providing nuanced information, 2) improving the quality of intergenerational contacts, 3) increasing opportunities to apply previously acquired knowledge in intergenerational interactions, and 4) promoting reflective thinking about experiences with older adults. However, stereotypes and prejudices appeared to be resistant and changes difficult to generalize. Insufficiently advanced cognitive development in children or viewing healthy and socially engaged older adults as unrepresentative of their age group were obstacles that reduced intervention effectiveness. Future studies should explore how advancing age influences interventions as well as the characteristics of older adults involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carine Bétrisey
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Research Centre on Aging, Eastern Townships Integrated University Centre for Health & Social Services - Sherbrooke Hospital University Centre, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Annie Carrier
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Research Centre on Aging, Eastern Townships Integrated University Centre for Health & Social Services - Sherbrooke Hospital University Centre, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-François Cardinal
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Martine Lagacé
- Department of Communication, Faculty of Arts, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alan A Cohen
- Environmental Health Sciences Department, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marie Beaulieu
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Research Centre on Aging, Eastern Townships Integrated University Centre for Health & Social Services - Sherbrooke Hospital University Centre, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Dany Baillargeon
- Department of Language, Literature and Communications, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Research Centre on Aging, Eastern Townships Integrated University Centre for Health & Social Services - Sherbrooke Hospital University Centre, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Mélanie Levasseur
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Research Centre on Aging, Eastern Townships Integrated University Centre for Health & Social Services - Sherbrooke Hospital University Centre, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sharifi S, Babaei Khorzoughi K, Rahmati M. The association between intergenerational relationships and depression among older adults: A comprehensive systematic literature review. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 119:105313. [PMID: 38101113 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review aims to comprehensively examine the relationship between intergenerational relationships and depression among older adults in Eastern Asian countries. METHODS For this research, a systematic search was conducted on several electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar search engine up until June 2023. RESULTS Out of 953 articles initially identified, 33 met the inclusion criteria. Emotional support and financial support emerged as crucial factors that can significantly reduce depressive symptoms among older individuals. However, there are diverse and sometimes contradictory results regarding the impact of intergenerational instrumental support on depression in older adults. CONCLUSION Promoting positive intergenerational relationships and enhancing support systems can greatly benefit the mental health of older adults by addressing depression within this population. This review enhances our understanding of the complex relationship between intergenerational relationships and depression among older adults. The diverse findings on intergenerational instrumental support and depression in older adults suggest the need for further research to clarify this relationship and its nuances. This research may have practical implications for policies and interventions aimed at improving the mental well-being of older adults in Eastern Asian countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sina Sharifi
- Department of geriatric and psychiatric nursing, School of nursing and midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Kimia Babaei Khorzoughi
- Faculty of education and psychology, Islamic Azad University Isfahan (khorasgan) branch, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Rahmati
- Department of geriatric and psychiatric nursing, School of nursing and midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hu Y, Wangliu Y, Fung HH, Bookwala J, Wong J, Tong Y. The Profile of Stress and Coping Related to Successful Aging Among Chinese Migrant and Nonmigrant Grandparents. Gerontologist 2024; 64:gnad125. [PMID: 37659099 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnad125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Around eight million older adults have internally migrated to take care of grandchildren in China. This study aimed to explore how Chinese migrant and nonmigrant grandparents perceived successful aging and how they coped with challenges to successful aging. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Based on ecological systems theory, semistructured interviews were conducted among 21 grandparents (12 migrants, median age = 59 years old) from urban areas in China who provided noncustodial grandchild care. Deductive content analysis was employed to examine the data pertaining to the definition of successful aging, the stressors encountered, and coping strategies employed by both groups. RESULTS Findings revealed that both migrant and nonmigrant grandparents placed a higher emphasis on family prosperity than their own physical health, in their definitions of successful aging. Although both groups experienced common stressors in the microsystem (e.g., intergenerational conflicts), migrant grandparents uniquely encountered stressors in the mesosystem (e.g., hardships in their close relationships) and in the macrosystem (e.g., uncertainty in aging preparation). In terms of coping, migrant grandparents exhibited a distinctive pattern of utilizing avoidant coping strategies when navigating intergenerational conflicts and planning for their later life, compared to nonmigrant grandparents. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings suggested that although migration was not associated with grandparents' definition of successful aging, migrant grandparents encountered specific challenges in achieving successful aging. This highlights the necessity of providing more support to grandparents through the family, community, or state, particularly to those who are migrants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- Research Center for Gerontology and Family Studies, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqi Wangliu
- Department of Social Work, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Helene H Fung
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Jamila Bookwala
- Office of the Provost and Department of Psychology, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jason Wong
- Department of Sociology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yuying Tong
- Department of Sociology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Helle S, Tanskanen AO, Coall DA, Perry G, Daly M, Danielsbacka M. Investment by maternal grandmother buffers children against the impacts of adverse early life experiences. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6815. [PMID: 38514748 PMCID: PMC10957867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56760-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Exogenous shocks during sensitive periods of development can have long-lasting effects on adult phenotypes including behavior, survival and reproduction. Cooperative breeding, such as grandparental care in humans and some other mammal species, is believed to have evolved partly in order to cope with challenging environments. Nevertheless, studies addressing whether grandparental investment can buffer the development of grandchildren from multiple adversities early in life are few and have provided mixed results, perhaps owing to difficulties drawing causal inferences from non-experimental data. Using population-based data of English and Welsh adolescents (sample size ranging from 817 to 1197), we examined whether grandparental investment reduces emotional and behavioral problems in children resulting from facing multiple adverse early life experiences (AELEs), by employing instrumental variable regression in a Bayesian structural equation modeling framework to better justify causal interpretations of the results. When children had faced multiple AELEs, the investment of maternal grandmothers reduced, but could not fully erase, their emotional and behavioral problems. No such result was observed in the case of the investment of other grandparent types. These findings indicate that in adverse environmental conditions the investment of maternal grandmothers can improve child wellbeing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuli Helle
- INVEST Research Flagship Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Antti O Tanskanen
- Population Research Institute, Väestöliitto, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Social Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - David A Coall
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Gretchen Perry
- School of Social Work, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Martin Daly
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mirkka Danielsbacka
- INVEST Research Flagship Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Population Research Institute, Väestöliitto, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
So Hee L, Yeojin Y. Work values and communication styles among Generation X, Y, and Z nurses: A cross-sectional study. Int Nurs Rev 2024; 71:115-121. [PMID: 37449528 DOI: 10.1111/inr.12863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM To compare and contrast nurses' work values and communication styles across Generation X, Y, and Z. BACKGROUND Intergenerational differences in the work values of nurses are well known, but the commonalities remain largely uninvestigated. It is also unclear if there are intergenerational differences and commonalities in the rhetorical communication style of nurses. METHODS This study used a cross-sectional research design. Participants were 243 nurses of Generation X (n = 78), Y (n = 86), and Z (n = 79) working at a general hospital in Korea. Structured questionnaires were used to collect the data from September to October 2019. The differences in work values and communication types were measured and analyzed using the χ2 test. FINDINGS The work values of Generation X differed from those of Generation Y and Z, who preferred extrinsic work values. There was no significant intergenerational difference in communication types, although Generation X and Y were similar to each other in communication types and different from Generation Z. CONCLUSION Although the work values of the three generations are different, their communication styles are similar so that they may reduce the generational gap through communication. In particular, Generation Y nurses prefer extrinsic work values and share some work values with Generation Z; however, the dominant communication type of Generation Y is similar to Generation X, not Z. Therefore, Generation Y could play a key role in connecting Generation X with Z during communication. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING POLICY Nursing organizations should delegate the authority to Generation Y so that Y may have a voice in the nursing group as the mediator between X and Z.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lee So Hee
- Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Yeojin
- College of Nursing, Hanyang University, Songpa-gu, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lim-Soh J, Kim D, Kim K. Within-Family Differences in Intergenerational Contact: The Role of Gender Norms in a Patrilineal Society. Res Aging 2024; 46:258-270. [PMID: 38179976 DOI: 10.1177/01640275231225379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Intergenerational contact is important to older adults' quality of life, but less is known about within-family differences in older parents' contact between sons and daughters, especially in countries with patrilineal traditions. Applying latent profile analysis to data on 3,228 Korean older adults' frequency of meeting and communication with each of their children, this study identified within-family patterns of intergenerational contact. Nearly half of parents exhibited gender-balanced patterns of meeting across children, while 13% reported "more frequent contact with daughters" and 39% reported "more frequent contact with sons." On the other hand, "equally high contact" (77%) was the most common pattern for communication. Multinomial regression results showed that the derived patterns were differentiated by parents' education, marital status, region, economic satisfaction, health, and depressive symptoms. The results highlighted the enduring nature of patrilineal traditions as well as the differing patterns of contact that Korean older adults have with their children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Lim-Soh
- Centre for Ageing Research and Education, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dahye Kim
- Centre for Family and Population Research, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kyungmin Kim
- Department of Child Development and Family Studies, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Roy S, Ayalon L. "They Did Not Know What They Were Doing": Climate Change and Intergenerational Compassion. Gerontologist 2024; 64:gnad063. [PMID: 37263264 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnad063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Compassion is described as an affective experience arising from witnessing the undeserved suffering of another that propels one to provide protection and cooperation. Climate change is often associated with "underserved suffering," especially of younger and future generations. Consequently, contemporary climate discourse has expressed hostility toward older generations for inflicting such suffering. Studies on intergenerational relations within the context of climate change agree that intergenerational solidarity, rather than conflict, is necessary for effective climate action. Because compassion is instrumental to solidarity, in this study, we explore intergenerational climate-related expressions of compassion leading to intergenerational solidarity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We interviewed 16 climate activists from 8 countries (aged 16-76 years) to understand how they view climate responsibility. Thematic analysis was undertaken to create and explore themes related to intergenerational compassion and solidarity. RESULTS Compassion flowed in both directions: from younger to older generations in the form of forgiveness, empathy, and understanding, and from older to younger generations through advocacy, lifestyle changes, and transmission of knowledge and skills. All participants emphasized solutions over accusations. Areas of focus varied between industrialized and developing countries. Cultural factors played an essential role in intergenerational perceptions. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS Climate change can be a polarizing issue with older adults fielding accusations and younger people facing criticism for demanding climate action. Examples of intergenerational compassion can counter ageism, reshape climate narratives, encourage intergenerational cooperation, harness the skills of different generations, and create a sustainable world for all ages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Senjooti Roy
- Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Liat Ayalon
- Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wiederhold BK. Modern Hieroglyphics and the Generation Gap: Do Emojis Need Their Own Rosetta Stone? Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 2024; 27:167-168. [PMID: 37902978 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2023.29298.editorial] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
|
17
|
Fingerman KL, Zhou Z, Gao S. Intergenerational ties in late life. Curr Opin Psychol 2024; 55:101743. [PMID: 38061234 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
At the turn of the twenty-first century, scholars predicted that ties between aging parents and grown offspring would grow in prominence and become the primary relationship for many adults. These ties are often emotionally complex, in both positive and negative ways, and resource rich with regard to support. Contact between generations has become both more frequent in the form of coresidence and less frequent due to high rates of migration. Support exchanges are often high in this tie involving, emotional, financial and practical assistance. A burgeoning literature addresses the implications of loss of this tie via death or estrangement. Collectively, recent studies address strengths of these ties, and explanations for their absence when that occurs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Fingerman
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Zexi Zhou
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Sibo Gao
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Blake AJ, Mackinnon DP, Waddell J, Chassin L. Parent-child separation and intergenerational transmission of substance use and disorder: Testing across three generations. Dev Psychopathol 2024; 36:28-39. [PMID: 36700356 PMCID: PMC10368792 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422000876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence for intergenerational transmission of substance use and disorder. However, it is unclear whether separation from a parent with substance use disorder (SUD) moderates intergenerational transmission, and no studies have tested this question across three generations. In a three-generation study of families oversampled for familial SUD, we tested whether separation between father (G1; first generation) and child (G2; second generation) moderated the effect of G1 father SUDs on G2 child SUDs. We also tested whether separation between father (G2) and child (G3; third generation) moderated the effect of G2 SUDs on G3 drinking. Finally, we tested whether G1-G2 or G2-G3 separation moderated the mediated effect of G1 SUDs on G3 drinking through G2 SUDs. G1 father-G2 child separation moderated intergenerational transmission. In families with G1-G2 separation, there were no significant effects of father SUD on G2 SUD or G3 drinking. However, in nonseparated families, greater G1 father SUDs predicted heightened G2 SUDs and G3 grandchild drinking. In nonseparated families, G1 father SUDs significantly predicted G2 SUDs, which predicted G3 drinking. However, G2-G3 separation predicted heightened G3 drinking regardless of G2 and G1 SUDs. Parental separation may introduce risk for SUDs and drinking among youth with lower familial risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Austin J Blake
- Clinical Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | - Jack Waddell
- Clinical Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Laurie Chassin
- Clinical Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Davies J, O’Connor M, Halkett GKB, Kelada L, Gottardo NG. Grandparents' Experiences of Childhood Cancer: A Qualitative Study. J Fam Nurs 2024; 30:30-40. [PMID: 38014512 PMCID: PMC10788041 DOI: 10.1177/10748407231213862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
A child's cancer diagnosis has a significant impact on the lives of grandparents. Grandparents experience the stress of worrying about both their adult children and their grandchildren. Our study aimed to explore the lived experience of grandparents of children diagnosed with cancer. A qualitative design involving semi-structured interviews was used and data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Twenty grandparents aged 41 to 77 years were interviewed. Six themes were identified: (a) Diagnosis: changing everything; (b) Aspects of treatment: A different world; (c) Sandwich generation; (d) Family: Worrying about everyone; (e) Balancing work; and (f) It's like suddenly a door opens. Our study demonstrates the life-changing impact of having a grandchild diagnosed with cancer. It expands on existing knowledge and shows that, due to an aging population and demographic changes, some grandparents must juggle the demands of caring for aging family members and working while supporting adult children and grandchildren.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Davies
- Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | | | - Lauren Kelada
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicholas G. Gottardo
- Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Han S, Guo J, Xiang J. Is intergenerational care associated with depression in older adults? Front Public Health 2024; 12:1325049. [PMID: 38347926 PMCID: PMC10859927 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1325049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background It has become an alarming issue that older adults in China are facing mental health issues, causing severe depression. In this context, intergenerational care, in which grandparents care for young children instead of the young parents, is gaining importance. This study aims to explore the correlation between intergenerational care and depression among older adults, seeking alternative approaches to enhancing their quality of life. This study concludes that intergenerational care is an effective strategy for promoting active aging. Methods This study used multiple linear regression, propensity score matching, and additional analysis of heterogeneity, mediation, and moderation effects, with data from the 2018 CHARLS survey. Results The results indicated a negative correlation between intergenerational care and depression among older adults. The correlation was stronger for females and younger older adults people. Additionally, social activities served as a mediator between intergenerational care and depression among older adults, and health satisfaction positively moderated this relationship. Conclusion This study posits that intergenerational care serves as an effective approach for promoting active aging. It emphasizes the necessity for supportive government policies and community-family collaborations to encourage intergenerational care and its beneficial impact on mental health among older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shurong Han
- International Business School, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jiahui Guo
- International Business School, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jianjun Xiang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Adepoju OE, Ojinnaka CO, Pieratt J, Dobbins J. Racial and ethnic differences in predictors of participation in an intergenerational social connectedness intervention for older adults. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:70. [PMID: 38233782 PMCID: PMC10795227 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04679-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social connectedness is a key determinant of health and interventions have been developed to prevent social isolation in older adults. However, these interventions have historically had a low participation rate amongst minority populations. Given the sustained isolation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, it is even more important to understand what factors are associated with an individual's decision to participate in a social intervention. To achieve this, we used machine learning techniques to model the racial and ethnic differences in participation in social connectedness interventions. METHODS Data were obtained from a social connectedness intervention that paired college students with Houston-area community-dwelling older adults (> 65 yo) enrolled in Medicare Advantage plans. Eligible participants were contacted telephonically and asked to complete the 3-item UCLA Loneliness Scale. We used the following machine-learning methods to identify significant predictors of participation in the program: k-nearest neighbors, logistic regression, decision tree, gradient-boosted decision tree, and random forest. RESULTS The gradient-boosted decision tree models yielded the best parameters for all race/ethnicity groups (96.1% test accuracy, 0.739 AUROC). Among non-Hispanic White older adults, key features of the predictive model included Functional Comorbidity Index (FCI) score, Medicare prescription risk score, Medicare risk score, and depression and anxiety indicators within the FCI. Among non-Hispanic Black older adults, key features included disability, Medicare prescription risk score, FCI and Medicare risk scores. Among Hispanic older adults, key features included depression, FCI and Medicare risk scores. CONCLUSIONS These findings offer a substantial opportunity for the design of interventions that maximize engagement among minority groups at greater risk for adverse health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omolola E Adepoju
- Humana Integrated Health Systems Sciences Institute, University of Houston, Houston, USA.
- Tilman J Fertitta Family College of Medicine, Department of Health Systems and Population Health Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, USA.
| | | | | | - Jessica Dobbins
- Tilman J Fertitta Family College of Medicine, Department of Health Systems and Population Health Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, USA
- Humana Inc, Louisville, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wilson JL. An Integrative Review of Grandparents' Experiences in Childhood Cancer. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol Nurs 2024; 41:67-77. [PMID: 37853761 DOI: 10.1177/27527530231194569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Background: While it is generally accepted that childhood cancer has a profound impact on the family unit, there has been little focus on the experiences of grandparents who are affected by the diagnosis. Grandparents play an integral role throughout the child's illness trajectory as they are called upon to provide support physically, spiritually, emotionally, and at times financially. This integrative review examines the current research specific to grandparents' experiences of childhood cancer. Method: CINAHL, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched using the key terms "grandparent*" AND "experience*" AND "child*" AND "cancer." Inclusion criteria used for this review were as follows: electronic full text, peer-reviewed, and published in English between 2012 and 2022. Results: Grandparents of children with cancer experience an emotional whirlwind, a double-whammy effect, the giving and receiving of support, a balancing act, and attempt to find meaning throughout the diagnosis. They feel unacknowledged and unsupported by the health care team. Discussion: It is difficult to deny the emotional and familial impact the child's cancer diagnosis has not only on the child and immediate family but also on grandparents. While the reports of grandparents are consistent across studies, there have been lackluster attempts to mitigate the suffering experienced by this group. Pediatric oncology nurses, with their family-centered care approach, are in a unique position to uncover and meet the specific needs of grandparents of children diagnosed with cancer.
Collapse
|
23
|
Matovu SN, Ellington L, Watt M, Nakasujja N, Young HM. Grandmothers as Primary Caregivers for Their Grandchildren in Uganda: Challenges Faced and Potential for a Sustainable Livelihood Intervention. Res Gerontol Nurs 2024; 17:43-52. [PMID: 37878598 DOI: 10.3928/19404921-20231013-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Global drivers of health, such as poverty, climate change, and public health crises, pose significant impact on many vulnerable groups, such as grandmother-caregivers (GMCs). Engaging community partners in this problem could help in understanding salient issues and devising solutions to alleviate the challenges faced by GMCs. The purpose of the current study was to engage community members in rural Uganda in identifying challenges experienced by GMCs and explore the potential for a sustainable livelihood for this population. We used a community-engaged ethnographic methodology for our qualitative study, which was informed by the Sustainable Livelihood Framework. Themes emerged in two domains: GMC Challenges and Potential for Sustainable Livelihoods and Intervention Recommendations. The challenges experienced by GMCs are multifaceted as are the potential solutions. Our findings have the potential to inform community development interventions that support the livelihoods and well-being of GMCs in Uganda and similar settings. [Research in Gerontological Nursing, 17(1), 43-52.].
Collapse
|
24
|
Ayalon L, Segel-Karpas D. A Life Course, Intergenerational Perspective on Loneliness. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2024; 98:69-83. [PMID: 36475877 DOI: 10.1177/00914150221144234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study relied on 15 dyads of adult children and their older parent to better understand intergenerational family relations from a life course perspective. Interviews were analyzed relying on qualitative thematic analysis, identifying similarities and differences within and between interviews and dyads. Our analysis resulted in three major themes. The first concerns the important role of intergenerational family relation as a means to define and conceptualize the experiences of loneliness and ways of coping with loneliness. The second theme concerned intergenerational relations as a cause (and at times a remedy) of loneliness. The third theme concerns the ability of the dyad's members to reflect on the level of loneliness of the other member in the intergenerational dyad. The findings stress the importance of intergenerational family relations throughout the life course and highlight the importance of adopting an intergenerational lens as a possible means to address loneliness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liat Ayalon
- Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The term "intergenerational relationships" is widely used in gerontological literature and age-related policies. However, discussions of the term often tell us surprisingly little about what it means or why it matters. We suggest that this is due to a reductivism and instrumentalism in 2 main discourses within which intergenerational relationships are usually discussed. First, intergenerational relationships are often conceptualized through a binary "conflict/solidarity" lens, reinforcing an entrenched "generationalism". Second, they are predominantly constructed as a problem to be addressed within debates on how to tackle intergenerational segregation. Neither of these discourses provides much room for a more nuanced understanding of how intergenerational relationships are experienced or why they are meaningful. In this paper, we discuss how fictional narratives can introduce imagination and a richer vocabulary into discourses concerning how people of different ages relate to each other. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We present findings from reading groups where adults discussed novels depicting themes of older age, intergenerational relationships, and time. RESULTS In discussing the fictional narratives and characters, participants reflected on the significance and meaning of intergenerational relationships in ways that went beyond dichotomous and instrumentalist discourses. Drawing on the concept of lived ambivalence, we argue that fictional representations of intergenerational themes can elicit more meaningful reflections on the complexities and contradictions of relationships across age groups. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS We conclude that a more nuanced understanding of intergenerational interaction can inform gerontological discourses and policy, but also that gerontological awareness of social challenges concerning age relations can inform interpretations of fictional narratives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Melanie Lovatt
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Valerie Wright
- School of Humanities, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Oetzel JG, Zhang Y, Nock S, Meha P, Huriwaka H, Vercoe M, Tahu T, Urlich J, Warbrick R, Brown G, Keown S, Rewi P, Erueti B, Warbrick I, Jackson AM, Perry T, Reddy R, Simpson ML, Cameron MP, Hokowhitu B. Enhancing health outcomes for Māori elders through an intergenerational cultural exchange and physical activity programme: a cross-sectional baseline study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1307685. [PMID: 38148874 PMCID: PMC10749953 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1307685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The study offers baseline data for a strengths-based approach emphasizing intergenerational cultural knowledge exchange and physical activity developed through a partnership with kaumātua (Māori elders) and kaumātua service providers. The study aims to identify the baseline characteristics, along with correlates of five key outcomes. Methods The study design is a cross-sectional survey. A total of 75 kaumātua from six providers completed two physical functioning tests and a survey that included dependent variables based in a holistic model of health: health-related quality of life (HRQOL), self-rated health, spirituality, life satisfaction, and loneliness. Results The findings indicate that there was good reliability and moderate scores on most variables. Specific correlates included the following: (a) HRQOL: emotional support (β = 0.31), and frequent interaction with a co-participant (β = 0.25); (b) self-rated health: frequency of moderate exercise (β = 0.32) and sense of purpose (β = 0.27); (c) spirituality: sense of purpose (β = 0.46), not needing additional help with daily tasks (β = 0.28), and level of confidence with cultural practices (β = 0.20); (d) life satisfaction: sense of purpose (β = 0.57), frequency of interaction with a co-participant (β = -0.30), emotional support (β = 0.25), and quality of relationship with a co-participant (β = 0.16); and (e) lower loneliness: emotional support (β = 0.27), enjoyment interacting with a co-participant (β = 0.25), sense of purpose (β = 0.24), not needing additional help with daily tasks (β = 0.28), and frequency of moderate exercise (β = 0.18). Conclusion This study provides the baseline scores and correlates of important social and health outcomes for the He Huarahi Tautoko (Avenue of Support) programme, a strengths-based approach for enhancing cultural connection and physical activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yingsha Zhang
- School of Tourism Management, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Tourism Smart Assessment Technology, Ministry of Culture and Tourism of China, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Sophie Nock
- University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Pare Meha
- Rauawaawa Kaumātua Charitable Trust, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bevan Erueti
- Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Isaac Warbrick
- Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Cheng X, Ariyo T. Grandparenting and life satisfaction among Chinese elderlies: a study of possible mechanisms. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:831. [PMID: 38082234 PMCID: PMC10712116 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04540-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examines the impact of caregiving on older people's life satisfaction, focusing on the role of caring for grandchildren. The study considers individual characteristics (aging attitudes) and situational factors (intergenerational support) and aims to identify the mediating roles of aging attitudes and intergenerational support in the relationship between caregiving and life satisfaction. METHOD The study analyzed data from the 2014 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS), focusing on 5363 grandparents who reported providing care for their grandchildren in the 12 months before the survey. Life satisfaction was subjectively measured. The data was analyzed using multiple linear regression, propensity score matching, and mediation analysis. RESULT The study found that grandparents who cared for their grandchildren have higher levels of life satisfaction. Self-aging attitudes, general aging attitudes, intergenerational economic support, intergenerational instrumental support, and intergenerational emotional support fully mediated the relationship between grandchild care and life satisfaction. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that caring for grandchildren is a vital activity for older people that helps them develop positive aging attitudes and strengthens intergenerational support, thereby improving their quality of life. Hence, the government, society, families, and communities should provide more social support to older adults caring for grandchildren. This would not only benefit the health of the older people themselves but also promote intergenerational harmony and family development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Cheng
- School of Economics and Management, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Tolulope Ariyo
- School of Health Management, Shangluo University, Shangluo, 726000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bencsik P, Halliday TJ, Mazumder B. The intergenerational transmission of mental and physical health in the United Kingdom. J Health Econ 2023; 92:102805. [PMID: 37804551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2023.102805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
As health is increasingly recognized as a key component of human welfare, a new line of research on intergenerational mobility has emerged that focuses on broad measures of health. We extend this research to consider two key components of health: physical health and mental health. We use rich survey data from the United Kingdom linking the health of adult children at around age 30 to their parents. We estimate that the rank-rank slope in health is 0.17 and the intergenerational health association is 0.19 suggesting relatively rapid mobility compared to other outcomes such as income. We find that while both mental and physical health have a similar degree of intergenerational persistence, parents' mental health is much more strongly associated with broad measures of adult children's health than parents' physical health. We also show that the primacy of parent mental health over physical health on children's health appears to emerge during early adolescence. Finally, we construct a comprehensive measure of welfare by combining income and health and estimate a rank-rank association of 0.27. This is considerably lower than the comparable estimate of 0.43 from the US suggesting that there is greater mobility in welfare in the UK than in the US.
Collapse
|
29
|
Raja I. Inessential objects: Cherished possessions in late life in Indian fiction. J Aging Stud 2023; 67:101184. [PMID: 38012944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaging.2023.101184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Through close readings of three Indian short stories, this essay seeks to show how cherished possessions, such as a bed, a blanket and books, are not stable repositories of past memories but a means of materializing intergenerational relations within the family in the lived present and, perhaps even more interestingly, catalysts for new and hitherto unforeseen possibilities of self-discovery and connections with the world beyond. Part of the apparatus of self-care that older people can summon in the moment to supplement their selfhood, objects as presented in these stories appear to exceed their limited understanding as passive recipients of externally imposed meaning, with their complex and unstable signification finally shown to emerge through their mutually transformative entanglement with people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ira Raja
- Department of English, University of Delhi, India; Honorary Associate, Sociology, La Trobe University, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Blake AJ, Infurna FJ, Castro SA, Webster BA, Dolbin-MacNab ML, Smith GC, Crowley DM, Musil C. Intergenerational patterns of attachment in custodial grandfamilies. J Fam Psychol 2023; 37:1148-1158. [PMID: 37824255 PMCID: PMC10843686 DOI: 10.1037/fam0001150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify intergenerational patterns of attachment insecurity among grandmothers, adolescent grandchildren, and birth mothers in custodial grandfamilies and to test the relations among triadic attachment patterns and grandchild socioemotional outcomes. Prior research with custodial grandfamilies has found distinct "profiles" reflecting patterns of closeness between grandmothers, grandchildren, and birth mothers. However, no studies have tested patterns of attachment insecurity among members of the triad, despite the likelihood of attachment disruption in grandfamilies. Moreover, previous studies have only examined links between profile and grandmother outcomes or rudimentary grandchild outcomes. In a sample of 230 grandmother-grandchild dyads from a larger randomized controlled trial testing the efficacy of an online social intelligence training program for grandfamilies, latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted to identify profiles of intergenerational attachment insecurity, using grandmother and grandchild reports. Profile differences in grandchild internalizing and externalizing problems, social skills, self-esteem, and prosocial behavior were examined. We identified three profiles: isolated mother, grandchild-linked, and disconnected. Overall, grandchildren in disconnected families (in which attachment insecurity between all three members of the triad was high) fared worst. Grandchildren in isolated mother families (in which only grandmother-grandchild attachment insecurity was low) fared best. A secure attachment relationship between grandmother and adolescent grandchild may buffer effects of attachment insecurity between the grandchild and birth mother. These findings inform intervention efforts and highlight the utility of family- and attachment-focused research for building understanding of custodial grandfamilies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Britney A Webster
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Kent State University
| | | | - Gregory C Smith
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Kent State University
| | - D Max Crowley
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University
| | - Carol Musil
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Case Western Reserve University
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Atherton OE, Graham EK, Dorame AN, Horgan D, Luo J, Nevarez MD, Ferrie JP, Spiro A, Schulz MS, Waldinger RJ, Mroczek DK, Lee LO. Is there intergenerational continuity in early life experiences? Findings from the Harvard Study of Adult Development. J Fam Psychol 2023; 37:1123-1136. [PMID: 37616090 PMCID: PMC10841087 DOI: 10.1037/fam0001144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
There has been longstanding and widespread interdisciplinary interest in understanding intergenerational processes, or the extent to which conditions repeat themselves across generations. However, due to the difficulty of collecting longitudinal, multigenerational data on early life conditions, less is known about the extent to which offspring experience the same early life conditions that their parents experienced in their own early lives. Using data from a socioeconomically diverse, White U.S. American cohort of 1,312 offspring (50% female) and their fathers (N = 518 families), we address three primary questions: (1) To what extent is there intergenerational continuity in early life experiences (social class, home atmosphere, parent-child relationship quality, health)? (2) Is intergenerational continuity in early life experiences greater for some domains of experience compared to others? and (3) Are there person-level (offspring sex, birth order, perceptions of marital stability) and family-level factors (family size, father education level and education mobility, marital stability) that moderate intergenerational continuity? Multilevel models indicated that intergenerational continuity was particularly robust for childhood social class, but nonsignificant for other early life experiences. Further, intergenerational continuity was moderated by several family-level factors, such that families with higher father education/mobility and marital stability, tended to have offspring with the most optimal early life experiences, regardless of what their father experienced in early life. We discuss the broader theoretical implications for family systems, as well as practical implications for individual-level and family-level interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia E. Atherton
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
| | - Eileen K. Graham
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
| | - Ashley N. Dorame
- National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder at VA Boston Healthcare System
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Daniel Horgan
- Department of Psychology and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
| | - Michael D. Nevarez
- Department of Psychology and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University
| | | | - Avron Spiro
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine
- VA Boston Healthcare System
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health
| | | | - Robert J. Waldinger
- Department of Psychology and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University
| | - Daniel K. Mroczek
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University
| | - Lewina O. Lee
- National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder at VA Boston Healthcare System
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon E Jarrott
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Neppl TK, Lee J, Diggs ON, Lohman BJ, Russell D. The intergenerational transmission of economic adversity, BMI, and emotional distress from adolescence to middle adulthood. J Fam Psychol 2023; 37:1137-1147. [PMID: 37796604 PMCID: PMC10872786 DOI: 10.1037/fam0001155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the intergenerational transmission of economic adversity, as well as physical and mental health across generations. Specifically, we examined the effects of parental economic adversity, body mass index (BMI), and emotional distress during the child's adolescence on their economic adversity, BMI, and emotional distress in middle adulthood. The study included 366 Generation 1 (G1) mothers and fathers and their adolescents (Generation 2; G2) in middle adulthood. G1 behavior was examined when G2 was 16 years old and G2 behavior was assessed at Age 42. In line with aspects of the family stress model, economic hardship was related to economic pressure, which in turn was related to emotional distress for both G1 and G2. For each generation, economic pressure was also associated with BMI. There was also evidence of the intergenerational transmission of economic hardship, BMI, and emotional distress from G1 to G2. Finally, the intergenerational transmission of economic adversity in the family of origin to adult health outcomes was explained by these same health behaviors of the first generation. Results suggest that economic adversity and parental health behaviors as experienced in adolescence have long-term economic and health consequences into middle adulthood. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tricia K Neppl
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University
| | - Jeenkyoung Lee
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University
| | - Olivia N Diggs
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University
| | - Brenda J Lohman
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Missouri
| | - Daniel Russell
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wak G, Bangha M, Aborigo R, Anarfi J, Kwankye S. Impact of kinship support on child mortality in the Upper East Region of Ghana: assessing the Grandmother Hypothesis. Int Health 2023; 15:744-751. [PMID: 37317981 PMCID: PMC10629956 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihad041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The grandmother is an important kin member whose contribution to childcare and survival has been recognized in the literature, hence the Grandmother Hypothesis. This article examines the effect of the presence of a grandmother on child mortality. METHODS Data were obtained from the Navrongo Health and Demographic Surveillance System, located in the Upper East Region of Ghana. Children born between January 1999 and December 2018 were included in the analysis. Person-months lived for each child were generated. The multilevel Poisson regression technique was employed to investigate the effect of a grandmother on child survival. RESULTS In all, 57 116 children were included in the analysis, of which 7% died before age 5 y. Person-months were generated for the children, which produced 2.7 million records, with about 487 800 person-years. After controlling for confounders, results showed that children in households with paternal grandmothers are 11% less likely to die compared with those without paternal grandmothers. However, when other confounders were taken into accounts, the beneficial effect of maternal grandmothers disappeared. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the presence of grandmothers improves child survival, thus sustaining the Grandmother Hypothesis. The experiences of these grandmothers should be tapped to improve child survival, particularly in rural areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Wak
- Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ghana
- School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ghana
| | - Martin Bangha
- African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sumo J, Wilbur J, Julion WA, Schoeny ME, Cummings P. Grandmothers residing with grandchildren: Social determinants of health, health behaviors, and health outcomes. J Women Aging 2023; 35:513-525. [PMID: 36976632 DOI: 10.1080/08952841.2023.2188863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the associations between social determinants of health, health behaviors, and physical and mental health among African American and Hispanic caregiving grandmothers. We use cross-sectional secondary data from the Chicago Community Adult Health Study, originally designed to understand the health of individual households based on residential context. In a multivariate regression model, discrimination, parental stress, and physical health problems were significantly associated with depressive symptoms in caregiving grandmothers. Considering the multiple sources of stress experienced by this grandmother sample, researchers should develop and strengthen contextually relevant interventions for improving the health of caregiving grandmothers. Healthcare providers must be equipped with skills to address caregiving grandmothers' unique needs related to stress. Finally, policy makers should promote the development of legislation that can positively influence caregiving grandmothers and their families. Expanding the lens through which caregiving grandmothers living in minoritized communities are viewed can catalyze meaningful change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jen'nea Sumo
- College of Nursing, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - JoEllen Wilbur
- College of Nursing, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - Peter Cummings
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Valentino K, Zhen-Duan J, Padilla J, Bernard D. Intergenerational Continuity of Child Maltreatment, Parenting, and Racism: Commentary on Valentino et al., (2012). Child Maltreat 2023; 28:556-562. [PMID: 37491779 PMCID: PMC10543487 DOI: 10.1177/10775595231191395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Recent editorials published in Child Maltreatment bring much needed attention to racism in child maltreatment reporting and investigation. In this commentary, we extend these efforts by responding to Valentino et al., (2012) and addressing prior omissions in our race-related work by explicitly discussing the role of racism in our explanation of key study findings. Together with scholars with expertise in the impact of racism on children and families, this commentary (a) discusses theoretical models of child maltreatment and of the influence of racism on parenting and child development; (b) discusses parental responses to racism in relation to the Valentino et al., (2012) findings; and (c) highlights future research directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Valentino
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre
Dame, IN, USA
| | - Jenny Zhen-Duan
- Disparities Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jenny Padilla
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre
Dame, IN, USA
| | - Donte Bernard
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of
Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wang H, Huang J. Impacts of grandparenting on older Chinese adults' mental health: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:660. [PMID: 37833646 PMCID: PMC10571259 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04396-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The practice of grandparenting has been growing in popularity worldwide, particularly in Asian societies. Nevertheless, there is a lack of thorough studies investigating the mental health effects of grandchild care on grandparents, particularly within the family context. The present study aimed to explore the impact of grandparenting on depressive symptoms in older Chinese adults, taking into account the functional role of intergenerational support. METHODS Using the China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS, 2014 and 2018, N = 9,486), we employed the Pooled Ordinary Least Square method (POLS) to explore the association between depressive symptoms and grandparenting intensity as well as include the interaction terms to investigate the role of intergenerational support among grandparents aged from 60 to 80. RESULTS After adjusting for control variables, both non-intensive (-0.17; 95% CI: -0.30, -0.03) and intensive (-0.69; 95% CI: -0.95, -0.43) childcare, as well as giving financial support to adult children (-0.06; 95% CI: -0.08, -0.04) and emotional closeness with them (-0.94; 95% CI: -1.15, -0.72), were found to have a positive impact on the mental health of grandparents. Giving financial support (non-intensive: -0.04, 95% CI: -0.07, -0.01; intensive: -0.06, 95% CI: -0.13, -0.01) and providing instrumental support to adult children (non-intensive: -0.12, 95% CI: -0.24, -0.01; intensive: -0.19, 95% CI: -0.37, -0.02) moderated the association between grandparenting and the mental health of older adults, regardless of care intensity. However, the moderating role of receiving financial support (-0.07; 95% CI: -0.12, -0.02) only existed when non-intensive childcare was provided. CONCLUSION Grandchild care predicted better mental health in grandparents, mainly when they engaged in intensive grandparenting. Emotional closeness and providing financial support to adult children brought mental health benefits to grandparents involved in childcare. Giving financial support and providing instrumental support to adult children moderated the association between grandparenting and the mental health of older adults. However, the moderating role of receiving financial support from adult children only existed when non-intensive childcare was provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Institute of Population Research, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Jianyuan Huang
- Institute of Population Research, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhou A, Song Y, Li X, Hu B, Chen Y, Cui P, Li J. Functional limitation and happiness among older adults: the multiple mediating role of intergenerational support and intergenerational relationship. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1249216. [PMID: 37905237 PMCID: PMC10613474 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1249216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the functional limitation and happiness among Chinese older people and examined the multiple mediating effects of intergenerational support (instrumental support and financial support) and intergenerational relationship. Method Data was drawn from the Chinese Family Panel Survey (CFPS) 2018 and 2020. Structural equation modeling was adopted to analyze the association among functional limitations, intergenerational support, intergenerational relationship, and the older adults happiness. Results There was a significant association between the functional limitations and the lower happiness levels among the older adults. The instrumental support from adult children positively mediated the relationship between the functional limitation and the happiness. However, intergenerational relationships were reduced due to the dysfunction of the older adults, and played a negatively mediated role between the functional limitation and the happiness. In addition, instrumental and financial support play chain-mediating roles between functional limitation and happiness in older adults through intergenerational relationships. Conclusion Intergenerational relationships and instrumental support enhance the happiness of older adults with functional impairments, but their role is limited by the changing structure of modern families. Long-term care programs combined with the intergenerational support from families for people with functional impairments in old age would be more effective to reduce the burden on adult children and maintain the quality of life of the older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angdi Zhou
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
- Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Huzhou Central Hospital), Huzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Song
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xinru Li
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Bingqin Hu
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yitong Chen
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Peiyao Cui
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jinghua Li
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Jones AA, Duncan MS, Perez-Brumer A, Connell CM, Burrows WB, Oser CB. Impacts of intergenerational substance use and trauma among black women involved in the criminal justice system: A longitudinal analysis. J Subst Use Addict Treat 2023; 153:208952. [PMID: 37654010 PMCID: PMC10474323 DOI: 10.1016/j.josat.2023.208952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intergenerational substance use and trauma disproportionately impact racialized women. Yet, how these factors impact outcomes in women involved in the criminal justice system is understudied. METHODS Using data from 443 participants in the Black Women in a Study of Epidemics, we assessed the impact of intergenerational substance use and trauma on participant drug use and open Child Protective Services (CPS) cases over 18 months. In repeated-measures logistic regression, intergenerational substance and trauma were independent variables, while participants' drug use at each follow-up and any open CPS case (s) served as separate dependent variables. Models were adjusted for criminal justice involvement, age, marital status, education, childhood guardian, number of children, and prior year homelessness. RESULTS On average, participants were aged 35 years, 64 % had never married, and 44 % were raised by both parents. Two-thirds of women (67 %) reported intergenerational substance use (≥1 parent and/or grandparent with alcohol/drug problems), while only 13 % reported intergenerational trauma. Each increase in the number of parents/grandparents with drug/alcohol problems was associated with 30 % increased odds of participants' drug use (aOR 1.30, 95 % CI: 1.07,1.57) and 40 % increased odds of having an open CPS case (aOR 1.40, 95 % CI: 1.11, 1.78). The association of intergenerational trauma and CPS cases was attenuated with sociodemographic/contextualizing factors. CONCLUSIONS Intergenerational substance use and trauma are associated with negative outcomes. Our findings highlight the need for substance use treatment to address the pervasive generational effects of substance use and trauma faced by racialized women in the criminal justice system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abenaa A Jones
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, United States of America; Consortium for Substance Use and Addiction, The Pennsylvania State University, United States of America.
| | - Meredith S Duncan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, United States of America.
| | | | - Christian M Connell
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, United States of America.
| | - William B Burrows
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, United States of America.
| | - Carrie B Oser
- Department of Sociology, University of Kentucky, United States of America; Center on Drug & Alcohol Research, Center for Health Equity Transformation.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Blake A, Chassin L. Grandparent alcohol use disorder and grandparent-grandchild relationships. J Fam Psychol 2023; 37:1005-1015. [PMID: 37199943 PMCID: PMC10524835 DOI: 10.1037/fam0001116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Involvement of grandparents in grandchildren's lives is important for grandchild well-being. Studies suggest that the quality of relationships between grandparents and their adult children may "spill over" to the quality of their relationships with their grandchildren. However, no research has tested whether grandparent alcohol use disorder (AUD) disrupts intergenerational relationships. This is important because grandchildren may not benefit from closeness with grandparents with AUD. In a sample of 295 parents and their children (N = 604) from a larger longitudinal study oversampled for familial AUD, this study tested whether grandparents (G1, "Generation 1") with AUD had poorer relationships with their adult children (G2 "Generation 2") in terms of greater stress and less support provided and less closeness with their grandchildren (G3, "Generation 3"). We also tested whether poorer G1-G2 relationship quality predicted less G1-G3 closeness. Finally, we tested whether effects of G1 AUD on G1-G3 closeness were explained by G1-G2 relationship quality. Separate models were estimated for maternal and paternal grandparents. We found evidence for three indirect effects. First, G1 maternal grandparent AUD predicted greater stress in the G1 grandmother-G2 mother relationship, which was associated with greater closeness between maternal grandmothers and grandchildren. This indirect effect was replicated in G1 paternal grandfathers and G2 fathers. Additionally, G1 paternal grandparent AUD was associated with lower levels of support provided from G1 grandfathers to G2 fathers, which predicted less closeness between paternal grandfathers and grandchildren. The results demonstrate complex intergenerational effects of AUD on family relationships and consistent with the hypothesized "spillover" effect of intergenerational relationships. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Austin Blake
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Montayre J, Maneze D, Salamonson Y, Tan JDL, Possamai-Inesedy A. The Making of Age-Friendly Universities: A Scoping Review. Gerontologist 2023; 63:1311-1319. [PMID: 35709945 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnac084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The age-friendly university (AFU) initiative embodies the collaborative efforts of promoting age inclusivity and diversity in higher education, embracing lifelong learning and civic participation in older people. This scoping review aims to explore the conceptualization of AFU, the experiences, and the strategies used in operationalizing the AFU principles of participating universities in becoming members of the age-friendly university network. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A search of peer-reviewed papers published from 2012 to July 2021, conducted in nine databases using JBI scoping review methodology, found 1,752 articles. Of these, 13 papers were eligible for inclusion. RESULTS Three themes were identified as key to becoming an AFU: (a) interdisciplinary collaboration within the university; (b) strong partnership with the community; and (c) alignment with global priorities and initiatives. Furthermore, identifying barriers to physical access in universities, such as signage, walkways, and transportation, addressing the less tangible issues of ageism and promoting intergenerational learning were essential to promote engagement of older people. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS This review underscores the need for a multidisciplinary approach within the university, the reciprocal benefits of authentic university-community collaborations, and the advantages of harnessing international resources and global influence to becoming an AFU. Although the principles of the AFU remain aspirational, the ideals championed by the pioneering universities in the AFU network brought the mutual benefits of intergenerational learning, the challenges and support required for older learners to the fore, propelling the AFU agenda forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jed Montayre
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- New South Wales Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare-Joanna Briggs Institute Entity, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Della Maneze
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- South Western Sydney Local Health District, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yenna Salamonson
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Josh D L Tan
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alphia Possamai-Inesedy
- School of Sociology in the School of Social Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Jongenelis MI, Budden T. The Influence of Grandparents on Children's Dietary Health: A Narrative Review. Curr Nutr Rep 2023; 12:395-406. [PMID: 37329476 PMCID: PMC10444634 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00483-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To examine and synthesise recent evidence on the role of grandparents in shaping children's dietary health. RECENT FINDINGS The influence of grandparents on children's dietary health was evident across studies. Grandparents frequently provide their grandchildren with meals and snacks, and engage in many of the same feeding practices used by parents. Although grandparents report providing their grandchildren with healthy foods, the provision of treat foods high in sugar or fat was a common finding. This provision led to family conflict, with the indulgent behaviours of grandparents seen by parents as a barrier to healthy eating. Grandparents are exerting significant influence on child dietary health. Efforts are needed to ensure these care providers are considered key stakeholders in the promotion of healthy eating and are targeted in policies and programs addressing children's diets. Research that determines how to best support grandparents to foster healthy behaviours in children is critical.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle I Jongenelis
- Melbourne Centre for Behaviour Change, Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia.
| | - Timothy Budden
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, 6008, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, 6008, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hwang W, Kim JH, Brown MT, Silverstein M. Intergenerational solidarity of adult children with parents from emerging to established adulthood. J Fam Psychol 2023; 37:853-863. [PMID: 36951715 PMCID: PMC10917569 DOI: 10.1037/fam0001087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Although researchers have focused on adult children's intergenerational solidarity with their parents following the transition to adulthood, less is known about continuity and change in the multiple dimensions of solidarity as children transition from emerging to established adulthood. Therefore, we focused on reciprocal longitudinal associations between dimensions of latent forms of solidarity (normative and affectual solidarity) and manifest forms of solidarity (associational and functional solidarity) as reported by young adults at three stages from emerging to established adulthood. Data were derived from young adult children participating in the Longitudinal Study of Generations who reported about 260 daughter-mother, 214 son-mother, 244 daughter-father, and 205 son-father relationships in 2000 (18-29 years old), 2005 (23-34 years old), and 2016 (34-45 years old). Multigroup autoregressive cross-lagged models prospectively predicted reciprocal influences among the dimensions of solidarity across four parent-child gender groups. Results showed that young adults' perceived intergenerational solidarity with parents was stable across three-time points. In addition, young adults' perceived associational solidarity with parents in emerging adulthood (2000 survey) predicted functional solidarity with parents (receiving support from parents and providing support to parents) in intermediate young adulthood (2005 survey), and in established adulthood (2016 survey). However, parents' and children's gender differences were not identified in the above associations. The study concludes that frequent contact with parents in emerging adulthood is a key factor in establishing intergenerational solidarity with parents from early-to-middle stage of adulthood regardless of parents' and children's gender. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woosang Hwang
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, Texas Tech University
| | | | - Maria T. Brown
- School of Social Work, Syracuse University
- Aging Studies Institute, Syracuse University
| | - Merril Silverstein
- Department of Sociology, Syracuse University
- Aging Studies Institute, Syracuse University
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Syracuse University
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Earl EJ, Marais D. The experience of intergenerational interactions and their influence on the mental health of older people living in residential care. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287369. [PMID: 37405973 PMCID: PMC10321637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mental health of an increasing ageing population is an important part of healthcare. Research has explored means to enrich the lives of older adults living in residential settings, including approaches like the Eden Alternative. This is a cross-sectional, qualitative study with a quantitative component. It looks at common mental health conditions (CMHCs) in residential-living older adults in South Africa and describes their experiences of intergenerational interactions with playschool children. Participants completed a questionnaire which included the Geriatric Depression Scale and Geriatric Anxiety Scale and a semi-structured interview. Anxiety and depression were common in the sample with limited awareness of non-pharmacological therapy available at the facility. The intergenerational interactions were experienced positively with emerging themes of belonging, sense of purpose, reminiscence and positive affective experiences, but influenced by participants' preconceptions of children. The study concludes that intergenerational interactions may serve as adjunctive therapy in managing CMHCs in residential-living older adults. Recommendations are made for successful implementation of such programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Jane Earl
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Debbie Marais
- Research Development and Support Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wu HY, Chiou AF. The effects of social media intergenerational program on depressive symptoms, intergenerational relationships, social support, and well-being in older adults: A quasi-experimental research. Geriatr Nurs 2023; 52:31-39. [PMID: 37243990 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Depressive symptoms are common among older adults. This quasi-experimental study aims to examine the effects of a social media intergenerational program on depressive symptoms, intergenerational relationships, social support, and well-being in older adults. This study enrolled 100 older adults who were divided into the intervention group (n=50) and control group (n=50). The intervention group received 5 weeks of the social media intergenerational program. The control group maintained their daily routines. Data were collected using structured questionnaires at baseline and 5 and 9 weeks after enrollment. We found that approximately 35% of older adults had mild to severe depressive symptoms. Compared to the control group, the intervention group exhibited significantly greater improvements in depressive symptoms, intergenerational relationships, social support, and well-being in the fifth week and the ninth week after intervention. Intergenerational social media activities were recommended for older adults to improve their depressive symptoms, and promote intergenerational relationships and well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Ying Wu
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan city33303, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Ai-Fu Chiou
- College of Nursing, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Rothenberg WA, Lansford JE, Tirado LMU, Yotanyamaneewong S, Alampay LP, Al-Hassan SM, Bacchini D, Chang L, Deater-Deckard K, Di Giunta L, Dodge KA, Gurdal S, Liu Q, Long Q, Oburu P, Pastorelli C, Skinner AT, Sorbring E, Tapanya S, Steinberg L, Bornstein MH. The Intergenerational Transmission of Maladaptive Parenting and its Impact on Child Mental Health: Examining Cross-Cultural Mediating Pathways and Moderating Protective Factors. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023; 54:870-890. [PMID: 34985600 PMCID: PMC9894732 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01311-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Using a sample of 1338 families from 12 cultural groups in 9 nations, we examined whether retrospectively remembered Generation 1 (G1) parent rejecting behaviors were passed to Generation 2 (G2 parents), whether such intergenerational transmission led to higher Generation 3 (G3 child) externalizing and internalizing behavior at age 13, and whether such intergenerational transmission could be interrupted by parent participation in parenting programs or family income increases of > 5%. Utilizing structural equation modeling, we found that the intergenerational transmission of parent rejection that is linked with higher child externalizing and internalizing problems occurs across cultural contexts. However, the magnitude of transmission is greater in cultures with higher normative levels of parent rejection. Parenting program participation broke this intergenerational cycle in fathers from cultures high in normative parent rejection. Income increases appear to break this intergenerational cycle in mothers from most cultures, regardless of normative levels of parent rejection. These results tentatively suggest that bolstering protective factors such as parenting program participation, income supplementation, and (in cultures high in normative parent rejection) legislative changes and other population-wide positive parenting information campaigns aimed at changing cultural parenting norms may be effective in breaking intergenerational cycles of maladaptive parenting and improving child mental health across multiple generations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Andrew Rothenberg
- Duke University Center for Child and Family Policy, Durham, USA.
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kenneth A Dodge
- Duke University Center for Child and Family Policy, Durham, USA
| | | | - Qin Liu
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Long
- Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China
| | | | | | - Ann T Skinner
- Duke University Center for Child and Family Policy, Durham, USA
| | | | | | - Laurence Steinberg
- Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
- King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marc H Bornstein
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, USA
- UNICEF, New York, USA
- Institute for Fiscal Studies, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Chen M, Tang S, Kelley SJ, Chen Q, Lo CKM, Chan KL, Ip P. Aggressive parenting behavior among grandparents providing childcare for grandchildren: A case study of Shenzhen, China. Child Abuse Negl 2023; 139:106108. [PMID: 36821976 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grandparents play an essential role in childrearing and fill the parenting gap for dual-earner Chinese families. Many Chinese grandparents engage heavily in childcare, which may increase the risk of child abuse. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine grandparental use of psychological and physical aggression toward children and explore its associated risk factors. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING This was a cross-sectional study which involved purposive sampling of 278 grandparents (204 females and 74 males) taking care of at least one grandchild below 18 years old in Shenzhen, China. METHODS Information on childcare was collected, including grandparents' use of psychological and physical aggression and their involvement in childcare in terms of intensity and activity. RESULTS An alarming percentage (57.1 %) of grandparents had used psychological aggression, while 26.5 % had used corporal punishment, in the past year. The average use of psychological aggression and corporal punishment was 16.10 times and 10.08 times per year, respectively. Grandparents taking care of two or more grandchildren were more likely to use psychological aggression and corporal punishment compared to those taking care of only one grandchild. Higher mental and physical health summary scores were associated with lower likelihood of psychological and physical aggression of grandparents. CONCLUSIONS This study advances our understanding of negative grandparenting behavior in childcare. As grandparents play a significant role in childcare, we need to improve their grandparenting skills, provide more formal childcare services to ease their childcare burden, and support their physical and mental well-being to reduce the risk of child abuse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengtong Chen
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Suqin Tang
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Blvd, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Susan J Kelley
- Byrdine F. Lewis College of Nursing and Health Professions, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-3995, United States.
| | - Qiqi Chen
- Department of Social Work, School of Sociology and Anthropology, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Camilla Kin Ming Lo
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ko Ling Chan
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Patrick Ip
- Department of Paediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
任 青, 任 晓. [Effect of Intergenerational Support from Children on Older Adults' Healthcare Seeking Behaviors]. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2023; 54:614-619. [PMID: 37248593 PMCID: PMC10475417 DOI: 10.12182/20230560505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the impact of intergenerational support from children on older adults' healthcare seeking behaviors and to provide suggestions to help promote sensible healthcare seeking behaviors in older adults. Methods Based on the data from the 2016 baseline data and the 2018 national tracking survey of China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), a total of 5690 respondents aged 60 years and older with surviving children were selected for the study. Logistic regression was used to analyze the effect of children's intergenerational support on older adults' healthcare seeking behavior. Results The probability of seeing a doctor in the last two weeks was relatively higher among older adults whose children provided financial support (odds ratio [ OR]=1.129, 95% confidence interval [ CI]: 1.004-1.271, P<0.05), but the effect of whether children provided financial support on one-year hospitalization was not significant ( P>0.05). Daily care support from children contributed positively to both seeing a doctor in the last two weeks and one-year hospitalization among older adults ( OR=1.155, 95% CI: 1.021-1.307, P<0.05; OR=1.204, 95% CI: 1.053-1.378, P<0.01), while whether or not older adults saw their children daily had no significant effect on either seeing a doctor in the last two weeks or one-year hospitalization among older adults ( P>0.05). Conclusion Intergenerational support from children has an important influence on the healthcare seeking behaviors of older adults. The advantageous role of children's intergenerational support should be made full use of. In addition, formal channels of social support should be improved to alleviate the pressure on children to provide intergenerational support and suggestions should be provided to promote sensible healthcare seeking behaviors in older adults, so as to further improve the overall health level of older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- 青蔓 任
- 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 健康行为与社会医学系 (成都 610041)Department of Health Behavioral and Social Medicine, West China School of Public Healthand and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 晓晖 任
- 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 健康行为与社会医学系 (成都 610041)Department of Health Behavioral and Social Medicine, West China School of Public Healthand and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Tang F, Li K, Rauktis ME, Farmer EMZ, McDaniel S. Stress, Coping, and Quality of Life Among Custodial Grandparents. J Gerontol Soc Work 2023; 66:354-367. [PMID: 35860992 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2022.2103764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of custodial grandparents are raising grandchildren, and intensive childcare is stressful with many negative personal, interpersonal, economic, and health implications. Grandparents' strengths, including resilience, positive caregiving appraisal, and social support should be considered in the face of parenting stress and adversity. Guided by the stress and resilience model, the current study investigated the associations of parenting stress and coping resources with life satisfaction and mental wellness among custodial grandparents (N = 76). Data were collected between December 2020 and April 2021, through collaborations with community-based agencies located in two metropolitan areas, which provide supportive services to custodial grandparents and their families. Findings showed that more parenting stress was associated with less life satisfaction and worse mental health, and that stress management boosted life satisfaction and mental wellness. Grandparents with more informal social support and social service utilization fared better than their counterparts with less social support and no experience of service use. The results of this study suggest that social work interventions should focus on improving stress management to cope with daily and caregiving stressors. Social workers can help with informal social support and formal social services utilization to address caregiving needs among custodial grandparents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengyan Tang
- School of Social Work, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ke Li
- School of Social Work, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Reducing ageism is a significant social issue. The current study involved a novel experimental examination of whether a one-time simulated online intergenerational friendship would reduce ageism. Undergraduate participants were randomly assigned to complete an interpersonal closeness exercise (the "fast friends" procedure, Aron et al., 1997; Lytle & Levy, 2015) with a confederate who used a script to answer the fast friends questions, during which they either did not reveal their age (control condition) or revealed being an older adult (age 65; experimental condition). Results indicate that experimental (vs. control) participants reported less ageism and more positive behavior (friendlier responses). These findings suggest that positive online intergenerational contact may help combat ageism. As intergenerational contact was limited before the COVID-19 pandemic and even more so during the pandemic, facilitating online intergenerational contact may be a particularly worthwhile ageism reduction strategy. Further implications of these findings and future directions are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Lytle
- College of Arts and Letters, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jamie Macdonald
- Department of Psychology, St Francis College, Brooklyn Heights, New York, USA
| | - Sheri R Levy
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|