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Akiba T, Hibara KI, Kimura F, Tsuda K, Shibata K, Ishibashi M, Moriya C, Nakagawa K, Kurata N, Itoh JI, Ito Y. Organ fusion and defective shoot development in oni3 mutants of rice. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 55:42-51. [PMID: 24192297 PMCID: PMC3894709 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pct154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of organ separation is one of the essential phenomena for normal plant development. We have identified and analyzed ONION3 (ONI3), which is required for avoiding organ fusions in rice. Loss-of-function mutations of ONI3, which were identified as mutants with ectopic expression of KNOX genes in leaves and morphologically resembling KNOX overexpressors, showed abnormal organ fusions in developing shoots. The mutant seedlings showed fusions between neighboring organs and also within an organ; they stopped growing soon after germination and subsequently died. ONI3 was shown to encode an enzyme that is most similar to Arabidopsis HOTHEAD and is involved in biosynthesis of long-chain fatty acids. Expression analyses showed that ONI3 was specifically expressed in the outermost cell layer in the shoot apex throughout life cycle, and the oni3 mutants had an aberrant outermost cell layer. Our results together with previous studies suggest that long-chain fatty acids are required for avoiding organ fusions and promoting normal shoot development in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Akiba
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 981-8555 Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Hibara
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Fumiko Kimura
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 981-8555 Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Tsuda
- Plant Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, 411-8540 Japan
- Present address: Plant Gene Expression Center, US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Plant and Microbial Biology Department, University of California, Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | - Kiko Shibata
- Yamagata Nishi High School, Yamagata, 990-2492 Japan
| | - Mayu Ishibashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 981-8555 Japan
- Present address: Miyagi Prefecture Furukawa Agricultural Experiment Station, Osaki, 989-6227 Japan
| | - Chihiro Moriya
- Sendai Shirayuri Gakuen High School, Sendai, 981-3205 Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nakagawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 981-8555 Japan
| | - Nori Kurata
- Plant Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, 411-8540 Japan
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Mishima, 411-8540 Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Itoh
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Yukihiro Ito
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 981-8555 Japan
- *Corresponding author: E-mail, ; Fax: +81-22-717-8834
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102
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Piya S, Shrestha SK, Binder B, Stewart CN, Hewezi T. Protein-protein interaction and gene co-expression maps of ARFs and Aux/IAAs in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:744. [PMID: 25566309 PMCID: PMC4274898 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone auxin regulates nearly all aspects of plant growth and development. Based on the current model in Arabidopsis thaliana, Auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) proteins repress auxin-inducible genes by inhibiting auxin response transcription factors (ARFs). Experimental evidence suggests that heterodimerization between Aux/IAA and ARF proteins are related to their unique biological functions. The objective of this study was to generate the Aux/IAA-ARF protein-protein interaction map using full length sequences and locate the interacting protein pairs to specific gene co-expression networks in order to define tissue-specific responses of the Aux/IAA-ARF interactome. Pairwise interactions between 19 ARFs and 29 Aux/IAAs resulted in the identification of 213 specific interactions of which 79 interactions were previously unknown. The incorporation of co-expression profiles with protein-protein interaction data revealed a strong correlation of gene co-expression for 70% of the ARF-Aux/IAA interacting pairs in at least one tissue/organ, indicative of the biological significance of these interactions. Importantly, ARF4-8 and 19, which were found to interact with almost all Aux-Aux/IAA showed broad co-expression relationships with Aux/IAA genes, thus, formed the central hubs of the co-expression network. Our analyses provide new insights into the biological significance of ARF-Aux/IAA associations in the morphogenesis and development of various plant tissues and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarbottam Piya
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of TennesseeKnoxville, TN, USA
| | - Sandesh K. Shrestha
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of TennesseeKnoxville, TN, USA
| | - Brad Binder
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular, and Molecular Biology, University of TennesseeKnoxville, TN, USA
| | - C. Neal Stewart
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of TennesseeKnoxville, TN, USA
| | - Tarek Hewezi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of TennesseeKnoxville, TN, USA
- *Correspondence: Tarek Hewezi, Department of Plant Sciences, The University of Tennessee, 252 Ellington Plant Sciences Bldg., 2431 Joe Johnson Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA e-mail:
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103
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Kim J. Four shades of detachment: regulation of floral organ abscission. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2014; 9:e976154. [PMID: 25482787 PMCID: PMC4623469 DOI: 10.4161/15592324.2014.976154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Abscission of floral organs from the main body of a plant is a dynamic process that is developmentally and environmentally regulated. In the past decade, genetic studies in Arabidopsis have identified key signaling components and revealed their interactions in the regulation of floral organ abscission. The phytohormones jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene play critical roles in flower development and floral organ abscission. These hormones regulate the timing of floral organ abscission both independently and inter-dependently. Although significant progress has been made in understanding abscission signaling, there are still many unanswered questions. These include considering abscission in the context of reproductive development and interplay between hormones embedded in the developmental processes. This review summarizes recent advances in the identification of molecular components in Arabidopsis and discusses their relationship with reproductive development. The emerging roles of hormones in the regulation of floral organ abscission, particularly by JA and ethylene, are examined.
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Key Words
- AGL15, AGAMOUS-LIKE 15
- AOS/DDE2, ALLENE OXIDE SYNTHASE/DELAYED DEHISCENCE 2
- ARF-GAP, ADP-ribosylation factor-GTPase activating protein
- AZ, abscission zone
- BOP1/2, BLADE ON PETIOLE 1/2
- BTP/POZ, Broad-Complex, Tramtrack, and Bric-a-brac/Pox virus and Zinc finger
- CST, CAST AWAY RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE
- CTR1, CONSTITUTIVE TRIPLE RESPONSE 1
- DAB4/ COI1, DELAYED ABSCISSION 4/CORONATINE INSENSITIVE 1
- DAD1, DEFECTIVE ANTHER DEHISCENCE 1
- DDE1/OPR3, DELAYED DEHISCENCE 1/OXOPHYTODIENOATE-REDUCTASE 3
- EVR, EVERSHED RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE
- EXP, EXPANSIN
- FAD7/8/3, FATTY ACID DESATURASE 7/8/3
- FYF, FOREVER YOUNG FLOWER
- HAE/HSL2, HAESA/HAESA-LIKE 2
- IM, inflorescence meristem
- JA, jasmonic acid
- JAZ, JASMONATE-ZIM DOMAIN
- KNAT1, KNOTTED-LIKE FROM ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA 1
- LOX3/4, LIPOXYGENASE 3/4
- LRR, leucine-rich repeat
- MAPK3/6, MAP Kinase 3/6
- MKK4/5, MAP Kinase Kinase 4/5
- NEV, NEVERSHED
- NPR1, NONEXPRESSOR OF PR GENES 1
- PG , POLYGALATURONASE
- PR1, Pathogenesis-related Protein 1
- SERK1, SOMATIC EMBRYO RECEPTOR-LIKE KIASE 1
- TCP4, TEOSINTE BRANCHED/CYCLOIDEA/PCF4
- XTH , XYLOGLUCAN ENDOTRANSGLUCOSYLASE/HYDROLASE
- ein2-1, ethylene insensitive 2-1
- ethylene
- etr1-1, ethylene response1-1
- floral organ abscission
- flower senescence
- ida, inflorescence deficient in abscission
- inflorescence meristem
- jasmonic acid
- reproductive development
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonyup Kim
- Soybean Genomics and Improvement Laboratory; Agricultural Research Service; USDA; Beltsville, MD USA
- Correspondence to: Joonyup Kim;
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Prunet N, Jack TP. Flower development in Arabidopsis: there is more to it than learning your ABCs. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1110:3-33. [PMID: 24395250 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-9408-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The field of Arabidopsis flower development began in the early 1980s with the initial description of several mutants including apetala1, apetala2, and agamous that altered floral organ identity (Koornneef and van der Veen, Theor Appl Genet 58:257-263, 1980; Koornneef et al., J Hered 74:265-272, 1983). By the end of the 1980s, these mutants were receiving more focused attention to determine precisely how they affected flower development (Komaki et al., Development 104:195-203, 1988; Bowman et al., Plant Cell 1:37-52, 1989). In the last quarter century, impressive progress has been made in characterizing the gene products and molecular mechanisms that control the key events in flower development. In this review, we briefly summarize the highlights of work from the past 25 years but focus on advances in the field in the last several years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathanaël Prunet
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
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105
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Pérez AC, Goossens A. Jasmonate signalling: a copycat of auxin signalling? PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2013; 36:2071-84. [PMID: 23611666 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plant hormones regulate almost all aspects of plant growth and development. The past decade has provided breakthrough discoveries in phytohormone sensing and signal transduction, and highlighted the striking mechanistic similarities between the auxin and jasmonate (JA) signalling pathways. Perception of auxin and JA involves the formation of co-receptor complexes in which hormone-specific E3-ubiquitin ligases of the SKP1-Cullin-F-box protein (SCF) type interact with specific repressor proteins. Across the plant kingdom, the Aux/IAA and the JASMONATE-ZIM DOMAIN (JAZ) proteins correspond to the auxin- and JA-specific repressors, respectively. In the absence of the hormones, these repressors form a complex with transcription factors (TFs) specific for both pathways. They also recruit several proteins, among which the general co-repressor TOPLESS, and thereby prevent the TFs from activating gene expression. The hormone-mediated interaction between the SCF and the repressors targets the latter for 26S proteasome-mediated degradation, which, in turn, releases the TFs to allow modulating hormone-dependent gene expression. In this review, we describe the similarities and differences in the auxin and JA signalling cascades with respect to the protein families and the protein domains involved in the formation of the pathway-specific complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cuéllar Pérez
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052, Gent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
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106
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Song S, Qi T, Huang H, Xie D. Regulation of stamen development by coordinated actions of jasmonate, auxin, and gibberellin in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2013; 6:1065-73. [PMID: 23543439 DOI: 10.1093/mp/sst054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Proper stamen development is essential for plants to achieve their life cycles. Defects in stamen development will cause male sterility. A vast array of research efforts have been made to understand stamen developmental processes and regulatory mechanisms over the past decades. It is so far reported that phytohormones, including jasmonate, auxin, gibberellin, brassinosteroid, and cytokinin, play essential roles in regulation of stamen development. This review will briefly summarize the molecular basis for coordinated regulation of stamen development by jasmonate, auxin, and gibberellin in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susheng Song
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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107
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Wasternack C, Hause B. Jasmonates: biosynthesis, perception, signal transduction and action in plant stress response, growth and development. An update to the 2007 review in Annals of Botany. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2013; 111:1021-58. [PMID: 23558912 PMCID: PMC3662512 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mct067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1416] [Impact Index Per Article: 128.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jasmonates are important regulators in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses as well as in development. Synthesized from lipid-constituents, the initially formed jasmonic acid is converted to different metabolites including the conjugate with isoleucine. Important new components of jasmonate signalling including its receptor were identified, providing deeper insight into the role of jasmonate signalling pathways in stress responses and development. SCOPE The present review is an update of the review on jasmonates published in this journal in 2007. New data of the last five years are described with emphasis on metabolites of jasmonates, on jasmonate perception and signalling, on cross-talk to other plant hormones and on jasmonate signalling in response to herbivores and pathogens, in symbiotic interactions, in flower development, in root growth and in light perception. CONCLUSIONS The last few years have seen breakthroughs in the identification of JASMONATE ZIM DOMAIN (JAZ) proteins and their interactors such as transcription factors and co-repressors, and the crystallization of the jasmonate receptor as well as of the enzyme conjugating jasmonate to amino acids. Now, the complex nature of networks of jasmonate signalling in stress responses and development including hormone cross-talk can be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wasternack
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg, 3, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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108
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Cecchetti V, Altamura MM, Brunetti P, Petrocelli V, Falasca G, Ljung K, Costantino P, Cardarelli M. Auxin controls Arabidopsis anther dehiscence by regulating endothecium lignification and jasmonic acid biosynthesis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 74:411-22. [PMID: 23410518 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
It has been suggested that, in Arabidopsis, auxin controls the timing of anther dehiscence, possibly by preventing premature endothecium lignification. We show here that auxin content in anthers peaks before the beginning of dehiscence and decreases when endothecium lignification occurs. We show that, in the auxin-perception mutants afb1-3 and tir1 afb2 afb3, endothecium lignification and anther dehiscence occur earlier than wild-type, and the gene encoding the transcription factor MYB26, which is required for endothecium lignification, is over-expressed specifically at early stages; in agreement, MYB26 expression is reduced in naphthalene acetic acid-treated anthers, and afb1 myb26 double mutants show no endothecial lignification, suggesting that auxin acts through MYB26. As jasmonic acid (JA) controls anther dehiscence, we analysed how auxin and JA interact. In the JA-defective opr3 mutant, indehiscent anthers show normal timing of endothecium lignification, suggesting that JA does not control this event. We show that expression of the OPR3 and DAD1 JA biosynthetic genes is enhanced in afb1-3 and tir1 afb2 afb3 flower buds, but is reduced in naphthalene acetic acid-treated flower buds, suggesting that auxin negatively regulates JA biosynthesis. The double mutant afb1 opr3 shows premature endothecium lignification, as in afb1-3, and indehiscent anthers due to lack of JA, which is required for stomium opening. By treating afb1 opr3 and opr3 inflorescences with JA, we show that a high JA content and precocious endothecium lignification both contribute to induction of early anther dehiscence. We propose that auxin controls anther dehiscence timing by negatively regulating two key events: endothecium lignification via MYB26, and stomium opening via the control of JA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Cecchetti
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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109
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Wang J, Yan DW, Yuan TT, Gao X, Lu YT. A gain-of-function mutation in IAA8 alters Arabidopsis floral organ development by change of jasmonic acid level. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 82:71-83. [PMID: 23483289 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-013-0039-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Auxin regulates a variety of physiological processes via its downstream factors included Aux/IAAs. In this study, one of these Aux/IAAs, IAA8 is shown to play its role in Arabidopsis development with transgenic plants expressing GFP-mIAA8 under the control of IAA8 promoter, in which IAA8 protein was mutated by changing Pro170 to Leu170 in its conserved domain II. These transgenic dwarfed plants had more lateral branches, short primary inflorescence stems, decreased shoot apical dominance, curled leaves and abnormal flower organs (short petal and stamen, and bent stigmas). Further experiments revealed that IAA8::GFP-mIAA8 plants functioned as gain-of-function mutation to increase GFP-mIAA8 amount probably by stabilizing IAA8 protein against proteasome-mediated protein degradation with IAA8::GFP-IAA8 plants as control. The searching for its downstream factors indicated its interaction with both ARF6 and ARF8, suggesting that IAA8 may involve in flower organ development. This was further evidenced by analyzing the expression of jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthetic genes and JA levels because ARF6 and ARF8 are required for normal JA production. These results indicated that in IAA8::GFP-mIAA8 plants, JA biosynthetic genes including DAD1 (AT2G44810), AOS (AT5G42650) and ORP3 (AT2G06050) were dramatically down-regulated and JA level in the flowers was reduced to 70 % of that in wild-type. Furthermore, exogenous JA application can partially rescue short petal and stamen observed IAA8::GFP-mIAA8 plants. Thus, IAA8 plays its role in floral organ development by changes in JA levels probably via its interaction with ARF6/8 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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110
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Nakata M, Mitsuda N, Herde M, Koo AJ, Moreno JE, Suzuki K, Howe GA, Ohme-Takagi M. A bHLH-type transcription factor, ABA-INDUCIBLE BHLH-TYPE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR/JA-ASSOCIATED MYC2-LIKE1, acts as a repressor to negatively regulate jasmonate signaling in arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2013; 25:1641-56. [PMID: 23673982 PMCID: PMC3694697 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.111112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) are plant hormones that regulate the balance between plant growth and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Although recent studies have uncovered the mechanisms for JA-induced responses in Arabidopsis thaliana, the mechanisms by which plants attenuate the JA-induced responses remain elusive. Here, we report that a basic helix-loop-helix-type transcription factor, ABA-INDUCIBLE BHLH-TYPE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR/JA-ASSOCIATED MYC2-LIKE1 (JAM1), acts as a transcriptional repressor and negatively regulates JA signaling. Gain-of-function transgenic plants expressing the chimeric repressor for JAM1 exhibited substantial reduction of JA responses, including JA-induced inhibition of root growth, accumulation of anthocyanin, and male fertility. These plants were also compromised in resistance to attack by the insect herbivore Spodoptera exigua. Conversely, jam1 loss-of-function mutants showed enhanced JA responsiveness, including increased resistance to insect attack. JAM1 and MYC2 competitively bind to the target sequence of MYC2, which likely provides the mechanism for negative regulation of JA signaling and suppression of MYC2 functions by JAM1. These results indicate that JAM1 negatively regulates JA signaling, thereby playing a pivotal role in fine-tuning of JA-mediated stress responses and plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Nakata
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Mitsuda
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan
| | - Marco Herde
- Department of Energy–Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Abraham J.K. Koo
- Department of Energy–Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Javier E. Moreno
- Department of Energy–Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Kaoru Suzuki
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan
| | - Gregg A. Howe
- Department of Energy–Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Masaru Ohme-Takagi
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan
- Institute for Environmental Science and Technology, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8770, Japan
- Address correspondence to
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111
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Lin Y, Lai Z. Comparative analysis reveals dynamic changes in miRNAs and their targets and expression during somatic embryogenesis in longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.). PLoS One 2013; 8:e60337. [PMID: 23593197 PMCID: PMC3623967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis (SE), which resembles zygotic embryogenesis, is an essential component of the process of plant cell differentiation and embryo development. Although microRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of many plant develop- mental processes, their roles in SE have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we used deep-sequencing, computational, and qPCR methods to identify, profile, and describe conserved and novel miRNAs involved in longan (Dimocarpus longan) SE. A total of 643 conserved and 29 novel miRNAs (including star strands) from more than 169 miRNA families were identified in longan embryogenic tissue using Solexa sequencing. By combining computational and degradome sequencing approaches, we were able to predict 2063 targets of 272 miRNAs and verify 862 targets of 181 miRNAs. Target annotation revealed that the putative targets were involved in a broad variety of biological processes, including plant metabolism, signal transduction, and stimulus response. Analysis of stage- and tissue-specific expressions of 20 conserved and 4 novel miRNAs indicated their possible roles in longan SE. These miRNAs were dlo-miR156 family members and dlo-miR166c* associated with early embryonic culture developmental stages; dlo-miR26, dlo-miR160a, and families dlo-miR159, dlo-miR390, and dlo-miR398b related to heart-shaped and torpedo- shaped embryo formation; dlo-miR4a, dlo-miR24, dlo-miR167a, dlo-miR168a*, dlo-miR397a, dlo-miR398b.1, dlo-miR398b.2, dlo-miR808 and dlo-miR5077 involved in cotyledonary embryonic development; and dlo-miR17 and dlo-miR2089*-1 that have regulatory roles during longan SE. In addition, dlo-miR167a, dlo-miR808, and dlo-miR5077 may be required for mature embryo formation. This study is the first reported investigation of longan SE involving large-scale cloning, characterization, and expression profiling of miRNAs and their targets. The reported results contribute to our knowledge of somatic embryo miRNAs and provide insights into miRNA biogenesis and expression in plant somatic embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Lin
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhongxiong Lai
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- * E-mail:
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112
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Rubio-Somoza I, Weigel D. Coordination of flower maturation by a regulatory circuit of three microRNAs. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003374. [PMID: 23555288 PMCID: PMC3610633 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of multicellular organisms relies on interconnected genetic programs that control progression through their life cycle. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and transcription factors (TFs) play key roles in such regulatory circuits. Here, we describe how three evolutionary conserved miRNA-TF pairs interact to form multiple checkpoints during reproductive development of Arabidopsis thaliana. Genetic, cellular, and physiological experiments show that miR159- and miR319-regulated MYB and TCP transcription factors pattern the expression of miR167 family members and their ARF6/8 targets. Coordinated action of these miRNA-TF pairs is crucial for the execution of consecutive hormone-dependent transitions during flower maturation. Cross-regulation includes both cis- and trans-regulatory interactions between these miRNAs and their targets. Our observations reveal how different miRNA-TF pairs can be organized into modules that coordinate successive steps in the plant life cycle. Development of multicellular organisms relies on properly timed execution of different genetic programs. An example is provided by developmental progression of flowers, which begins with the initiation of individual organs, followed by differentiation, growth, and finally production of the gametes. This article investigates the contribution of three microRNAs (miRNAs) and the transcription factors (TFs) that are regulated by these miRNAs to this process. Two of the miRNA-TF pairs act early to control in parallel the activity of the third miRNA-TF pair, which in turn modulates hormone programs that drive organ maturation and reproduction. Importantly, the two upstream TFs directly interact to regulate expression of the downstream miRNA. The results described here demonstrate how miRNA-TF pairs can be organized into regulatory circuits, with independent miRNA-TF pairs converging on common downstream genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Rubio-Somoza
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany.
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Takeda S, Iwasaki A, Matsumoto N, Uemura T, Tatematsu K, Okada K. Physical interaction of floral organs controls petal morphogenesis in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 161:1242-50. [PMID: 23314942 PMCID: PMC3585593 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.212084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Flowering plants bear beautiful flowers to attract pollinators. Petals are the most variable organs in flowering plants, with their color, fragrance, and shape. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), petal primordia arise at a similar time to stamen primordia and elongate at later stages through the narrow space between anthers and sepals. Although many of the genes involved in regulating petal identity and primordia growth are known, the molecular mechanism for the later elongation process remains unknown. We found a mutant, folded petals1 (fop1), in which normal petal development is inhibited during their growth through the narrow space between sepals and anthers, resulting in formation of folded petals at maturation. During elongation, the fop1 petals contact the sepal surface at several sites. The conical-shaped petal epidermal cells are flattened in the fop1 mutant, as if they had been pressed from the top. Surgical or genetic removal of sepals in young buds restores the regular growth of petals, suggesting that narrow space within a bud is the cause of petal folding in the fop1 mutant. FOP1 encodes a member of the bifunctional wax ester synthase/diacylglycerol acyltransferase family, WSD11, which is expressed in elongating petals and localized to the plasma membrane. These results suggest that the FOP1/WSD11 products synthesized in the petal epidermis may act as a lubricant, enabling uninhibited growth of the petals as they extend between the sepals and the anthers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Takeda
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606–8502, Japan (S.T., A.I., N.M., K.O.); Laboratory of Plant Organ Development, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444–8585, Japan (A.I., K.T., K.O.); Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University and Kyoto Prefectural Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seika, Kyoto 619–0244, Japan (S.T.); and Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–0033, Japan (T.U.)
| | - Akira Iwasaki
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606–8502, Japan (S.T., A.I., N.M., K.O.); Laboratory of Plant Organ Development, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444–8585, Japan (A.I., K.T., K.O.); Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University and Kyoto Prefectural Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seika, Kyoto 619–0244, Japan (S.T.); and Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–0033, Japan (T.U.)
| | - Noritaka Matsumoto
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606–8502, Japan (S.T., A.I., N.M., K.O.); Laboratory of Plant Organ Development, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444–8585, Japan (A.I., K.T., K.O.); Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University and Kyoto Prefectural Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seika, Kyoto 619–0244, Japan (S.T.); and Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–0033, Japan (T.U.)
| | - Tomohiro Uemura
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606–8502, Japan (S.T., A.I., N.M., K.O.); Laboratory of Plant Organ Development, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444–8585, Japan (A.I., K.T., K.O.); Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University and Kyoto Prefectural Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seika, Kyoto 619–0244, Japan (S.T.); and Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–0033, Japan (T.U.)
| | - Kiyoshi Tatematsu
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606–8502, Japan (S.T., A.I., N.M., K.O.); Laboratory of Plant Organ Development, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444–8585, Japan (A.I., K.T., K.O.); Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University and Kyoto Prefectural Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seika, Kyoto 619–0244, Japan (S.T.); and Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–0033, Japan (T.U.)
| | - Kiyotaka Okada
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606–8502, Japan (S.T., A.I., N.M., K.O.); Laboratory of Plant Organ Development, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444–8585, Japan (A.I., K.T., K.O.); Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University and Kyoto Prefectural Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seika, Kyoto 619–0244, Japan (S.T.); and Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–0033, Japan (T.U.)
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Takahashi H, Iwakawa H, Ishibashi N, Kojima S, Matsumura Y, Prananingrum P, Iwasaki M, Takahashi A, Ikezaki M, Luo L, Kobayashi T, Machida Y, Machida C. Meta-analyses of microarrays of Arabidopsis asymmetric leaves1 (as1), as2 and their modifying mutants reveal a critical role for the ETT pathway in stabilization of adaxial-abaxial patterning and cell division during leaf development. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 54:418-31. [PMID: 23396601 PMCID: PMC3589830 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pct027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
It is necessary to use algorithms to analyze gene expression data from DNA microarrays, such as in clustering and machine learning. Previously, we developed the knowledge-based fuzzy adaptive resonance theory (KB-FuzzyART), a clustering algorithm suitable for analyzing gene expression data, to find clues for identifying gene networks. Leaf primordia form around the shoot apical meristem (SAM), which consists of indeterminate stem cells. Upon initiation of leaf development, adaxial-abaxial patterning is crucial for lateral expansion, via cellular proliferation, and the formation of flat symmetric leaves. Many regulatory genes that specify such patterning have been identified. Analysis by the KB-FuzzyART and subsequent molecular and genetic analyses previously showed that ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1 (AS1) and AS2 repress the expression of some abaxial-determinant genes, such as AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR3 (ARF3)/ETTIN (ETT) and ARF4, which are responsible for defects in leaf adaxial-abaxial polarity in as1 and as2. In the present study, genetic analysis revealed that ARF3/ETT and ARF4 were regulated by modifier genes, BOBBER1 (BOB1) and ELONGATA3 (ELO3), together with AS1-AS2. We analyzed expression arrays with as2 elo3 and as2 bob1, and extracted genes downstream of ARF3/ETT by using KB-FuzzyART and molecular analyses. The results showed that expression of Kip-related protein (KRP) (for inhibitors of cyclin-dependent protein kinases) and Isopentenyltransferase (IPT) (for biosynthesis of cytokinin) genes were controlled by AS1-AS2 through ARF3/ETT and ARF4 functions, which suggests that the AS1-AS2-ETT pathway plays a critical role in controlling the cell division cycle and the biosynthesis of cytokinin around SAM to stabilize leaf development in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiro Takahashi
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, 648 Matsudo, Matsudo-shi, Chiba, 271-8510 Japan
- Plant Biology Research Center, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501 Japan
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501 Japan
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Hidekazu Iwakawa
- Plant Biology Research Center, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501 Japan
- These authors contributed equally to this work
- Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West, Lafayette, IN 47907-1392, USA
| | - Nanako Ishibashi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Shoko Kojima
- Plant Biology Research Center, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501 Japan
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501 Japan
| | - Yoko Matsumura
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Pratiwi Prananingrum
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Mayumi Iwasaki
- Plant Biology Research Center, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501 Japan
- Present address: Department of Plant Biology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Anna Takahashi
- Plant Biology Research Center, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501 Japan
| | - Masaya Ikezaki
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Lilan Luo
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Takeshi Kobayashi
- Plant Biology Research Center, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501 Japan
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501 Japan
| | - Yasunori Machida
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
- *Corresponding authors: Chiyoko Machida, Email, ; Fax, +81-568-51-6276; Yasunori Machida, Email, ; Fax, +81-52-789-2502
| | - Chiyoko Machida
- Plant Biology Research Center, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501 Japan
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501 Japan
- *Corresponding authors: Chiyoko Machida, Email, ; Fax, +81-568-51-6276; Yasunori Machida, Email, ; Fax, +81-52-789-2502
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Tsuda K, Akiba T, Kimura F, Ishibashi M, Moriya C, Nakagawa K, Kurata N, Ito Y. ONION2 fatty acid elongase is required for shoot development in rice. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 54:209-17. [PMID: 23220821 PMCID: PMC3583024 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcs169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A plant's surface is covered with epicuticular wax, which protects plants from inappropriate environmental conditions such as drought and pathogen attack. Very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) are the main component of epicuticular wax on the surface of above-ground organs. Here we show that a fatty acid elongase catalyzing an elongation reaction of VLCFAs is required for shoot development in rice. onion2 (oni2) mutants produced very small shoots in which leaves were fused to each other, and ceased growing after germination. The midrib of oni2 leaf blades was not developed correctly. Molecular cloning showed that ONI2 encodes a fatty acid elongase, which catalyzes the first step of elongation reactions of a carbon chain of VLCFAs, and oni2 had a reduced amount of VLCFAs. Expression analysis showed that ONI2 is specifically expressed in the outermost cell layer of young lateral organs. These results suggest that ONI2 is a layer 1-specific gene required for development of the entire shoot and that VLCFAs play an essential role in normal shoot development in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsutoshi Tsuda
- Plant Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka-ken, 411-8540 Japan
- Present address: Plant Gene Expression Center, US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Plant and Microbial Biology Department, University of California, Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | - Takafumi Akiba
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8555 Japan
| | - Fumiko Kimura
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8555 Japan
| | - Mayu Ishibashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8555 Japan
- Present address: Miyagi Prefecture Furukawa Agricultural Experiment Station, 88 Fukoku Osaki, Furukawa, Osaki, Miyagi-ken, 989-6227 Japan
| | - Chihiro Moriya
- Sendai Shirayuri Gakuen High School, 1-2-1 Murasakiyama, Izumi-ku, Sendai, 981-3205 Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nakagawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8555 Japan
| | - Nori Kurata
- Plant Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka-ken, 411-8540 Japan
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka-ken, 411-8540 Japan
- *Corresponding authors: Yukihiro Ito, E-mail, ; Fax, +81-22-717-8834; Nori Kurata, E-mail, ; Fax: +81-55-981-6872
| | - Yukihiro Ito
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8555 Japan
- *Corresponding authors: Yukihiro Ito, E-mail, ; Fax, +81-22-717-8834; Nori Kurata, E-mail, ; Fax: +81-55-981-6872
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Srivastava S, Srivastava AK, Suprasanna P, D'Souza SF. Identification and profiling of arsenic stress-induced microRNAs in Brassica juncea. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:303-15. [PMID: 23162117 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a novel mechanism of gene regulation affecting plant development, growth, and stress response. To study the role of miRNAs in arsenic (As) stress, microarray profiling of miRNAs was performed in Brassica juncea using a custom Phalanx Plant OneArray containing 381 unique miRNA probes representing 618 miRNAs from 22 plant species. miRNA microarray hybridization of roots exposed to As for 1h and 4h revealed that a total of 69 miRNAs belonging to 18 plant miRNA families had significantly altered expression. The As-responsive miRNAs also exhibited a time- and organ-dependent change in their expression. Putative target prediction for the miRNAs suggested that they regulate various developmental processes (e.g. miR156, miR169, and miR172), sulphur uptake, transport, and assimilation (miR395, miR838, and miR854), and hormonal biosynthesis and/or function (e.g. miR319, miR167, miR164, and miR159). Notable changes were observed in the level of auxins [indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3- butyric acid, and naphthalene acetic acid], jasmonates [jasmonic acid (JA) and methyl jasmonate], and abscisic acid. The exogenous supply of JA and IAA improved growth of plants under As stress and altered expression of miR167, miR319, and miR854, suggesting interplay of hormones and miRNAs in the regulation of As response. In conclusion, the present work demonstrates the role of miRNAs and associated mechanisms in the plant's response towards As stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Srivastava
- Nuclear Agriculture & Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai-400085, Maharashtra, India.
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Chang YM, Liu WY, Shih ACC, Shen MN, Lu CH, Lu MYJ, Yang HW, Wang TY, Chen SCC, Chen SM, Li WH, Ku MS. Characterizing regulatory and functional differentiation between maize mesophyll and bundle sheath cells by transcriptomic analysis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 160:165-77. [PMID: 22829318 PMCID: PMC3440195 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.203810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
To study the regulatory and functional differentiation between the mesophyll (M) and bundle sheath (BS) cells of maize (Zea mays), we isolated large quantities of highly homogeneous M and BS cells from newly matured second leaves for transcriptome profiling by RNA sequencing. A total of 52,421 annotated genes with at least one read were found in the two transcriptomes. Defining a gene with more than one read per kilobase per million mapped reads as expressed, we identified 18,482 expressed genes; 14,972 were expressed in M cells, including 53 M-enriched transcription factor (TF) genes, whereas 17,269 were expressed in BS cells, including 214 BS-enriched TF genes. Interestingly, many TF gene families show a conspicuous BS preference in expression. Pathway analyses reveal differentiation between the two cell types in various functional categories, with the M cells playing more important roles in light reaction, protein synthesis and folding, tetrapyrrole synthesis, and RNA binding, while the BS cells specialize in transport, signaling, protein degradation and posttranslational modification, major carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen metabolism, cell division and organization, and development. Genes coding for several transporters involved in the shuttle of C(4) metabolites and BS cell wall development have been identified, to our knowledge, for the first time. This comprehensive data set will be useful for studying M/BS differentiation in regulation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Ming Chang
- Biodiversity Research Center (Y.-M.C., W.-Y.L., M.-N.S., M.-Y.J.L., T.-Y.W., W.-H.L.), Genomics Research Center (Y.-M.C., W.-Y.L., S.M.C., W.-H.L.), and Institute of Information Science (A.C.-C.S., C.-H.L.), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 115; Institute of Bioagricultural Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan 600 (H.-W.Y., M.S.B.K.); Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 (S.C.-C.C., W.-H.L.); and School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164–4238 (M.S.B.K.)
| | - Wen-Yu Liu
- Biodiversity Research Center (Y.-M.C., W.-Y.L., M.-N.S., M.-Y.J.L., T.-Y.W., W.-H.L.), Genomics Research Center (Y.-M.C., W.-Y.L., S.M.C., W.-H.L.), and Institute of Information Science (A.C.-C.S., C.-H.L.), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 115; Institute of Bioagricultural Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan 600 (H.-W.Y., M.S.B.K.); Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 (S.C.-C.C., W.-H.L.); and School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164–4238 (M.S.B.K.)
| | - Arthur Chun-Chieh Shih
- Biodiversity Research Center (Y.-M.C., W.-Y.L., M.-N.S., M.-Y.J.L., T.-Y.W., W.-H.L.), Genomics Research Center (Y.-M.C., W.-Y.L., S.M.C., W.-H.L.), and Institute of Information Science (A.C.-C.S., C.-H.L.), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 115; Institute of Bioagricultural Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan 600 (H.-W.Y., M.S.B.K.); Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 (S.C.-C.C., W.-H.L.); and School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164–4238 (M.S.B.K.)
| | - Meng-Ni Shen
- Biodiversity Research Center (Y.-M.C., W.-Y.L., M.-N.S., M.-Y.J.L., T.-Y.W., W.-H.L.), Genomics Research Center (Y.-M.C., W.-Y.L., S.M.C., W.-H.L.), and Institute of Information Science (A.C.-C.S., C.-H.L.), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 115; Institute of Bioagricultural Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan 600 (H.-W.Y., M.S.B.K.); Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 (S.C.-C.C., W.-H.L.); and School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164–4238 (M.S.B.K.)
| | - Chen-Hua Lu
- Biodiversity Research Center (Y.-M.C., W.-Y.L., M.-N.S., M.-Y.J.L., T.-Y.W., W.-H.L.), Genomics Research Center (Y.-M.C., W.-Y.L., S.M.C., W.-H.L.), and Institute of Information Science (A.C.-C.S., C.-H.L.), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 115; Institute of Bioagricultural Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan 600 (H.-W.Y., M.S.B.K.); Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 (S.C.-C.C., W.-H.L.); and School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164–4238 (M.S.B.K.)
| | - Mei-Yeh Jade Lu
- Biodiversity Research Center (Y.-M.C., W.-Y.L., M.-N.S., M.-Y.J.L., T.-Y.W., W.-H.L.), Genomics Research Center (Y.-M.C., W.-Y.L., S.M.C., W.-H.L.), and Institute of Information Science (A.C.-C.S., C.-H.L.), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 115; Institute of Bioagricultural Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan 600 (H.-W.Y., M.S.B.K.); Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 (S.C.-C.C., W.-H.L.); and School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164–4238 (M.S.B.K.)
| | - Hui-Wen Yang
- Biodiversity Research Center (Y.-M.C., W.-Y.L., M.-N.S., M.-Y.J.L., T.-Y.W., W.-H.L.), Genomics Research Center (Y.-M.C., W.-Y.L., S.M.C., W.-H.L.), and Institute of Information Science (A.C.-C.S., C.-H.L.), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 115; Institute of Bioagricultural Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan 600 (H.-W.Y., M.S.B.K.); Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 (S.C.-C.C., W.-H.L.); and School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164–4238 (M.S.B.K.)
| | - Tzi-Yuan Wang
- Biodiversity Research Center (Y.-M.C., W.-Y.L., M.-N.S., M.-Y.J.L., T.-Y.W., W.-H.L.), Genomics Research Center (Y.-M.C., W.-Y.L., S.M.C., W.-H.L.), and Institute of Information Science (A.C.-C.S., C.-H.L.), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 115; Institute of Bioagricultural Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan 600 (H.-W.Y., M.S.B.K.); Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 (S.C.-C.C., W.-H.L.); and School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164–4238 (M.S.B.K.)
| | - Sean C.-C. Chen
- Biodiversity Research Center (Y.-M.C., W.-Y.L., M.-N.S., M.-Y.J.L., T.-Y.W., W.-H.L.), Genomics Research Center (Y.-M.C., W.-Y.L., S.M.C., W.-H.L.), and Institute of Information Science (A.C.-C.S., C.-H.L.), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 115; Institute of Bioagricultural Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan 600 (H.-W.Y., M.S.B.K.); Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 (S.C.-C.C., W.-H.L.); and School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164–4238 (M.S.B.K.)
| | - Stella Maris Chen
- Biodiversity Research Center (Y.-M.C., W.-Y.L., M.-N.S., M.-Y.J.L., T.-Y.W., W.-H.L.), Genomics Research Center (Y.-M.C., W.-Y.L., S.M.C., W.-H.L.), and Institute of Information Science (A.C.-C.S., C.-H.L.), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 115; Institute of Bioagricultural Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan 600 (H.-W.Y., M.S.B.K.); Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 (S.C.-C.C., W.-H.L.); and School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164–4238 (M.S.B.K.)
| | - Wen-Hsiung Li
- Biodiversity Research Center (Y.-M.C., W.-Y.L., M.-N.S., M.-Y.J.L., T.-Y.W., W.-H.L.), Genomics Research Center (Y.-M.C., W.-Y.L., S.M.C., W.-H.L.), and Institute of Information Science (A.C.-C.S., C.-H.L.), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 115; Institute of Bioagricultural Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan 600 (H.-W.Y., M.S.B.K.); Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 (S.C.-C.C., W.-H.L.); and School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164–4238 (M.S.B.K.)
| | - Maurice S.B. Ku
- Biodiversity Research Center (Y.-M.C., W.-Y.L., M.-N.S., M.-Y.J.L., T.-Y.W., W.-H.L.), Genomics Research Center (Y.-M.C., W.-Y.L., S.M.C., W.-H.L.), and Institute of Information Science (A.C.-C.S., C.-H.L.), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 115; Institute of Bioagricultural Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan 600 (H.-W.Y., M.S.B.K.); Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 (S.C.-C.C., W.-H.L.); and School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164–4238 (M.S.B.K.)
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Garrett JJT, Meents MJ, Blackshaw MT, Blackshaw LC, Hou H, Styranko DM, Kohalmi SE, Schultz EA. A novel, semi-dominant allele of MONOPTEROS provides insight into leaf initiation and vein pattern formation. PLANTA 2012; 236:297-312. [PMID: 22349732 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-012-1607-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Leaf vein pattern is proposed to be specified by directional auxin transport through presumptive vein cells. Activation of auxin response, which induces downstream genes that entrain auxin transport and lead to vascular differentiation, occurs through a set of transcription factors, the auxin response factors. In the absence of auxin, auxin response factors are inactive because they interact with repressor proteins, the Aux/IAA proteins. One member of the auxin response factor protein family, Auxin Response Factor 5/MONOPTEROS (MP), is critical to vein formation as indicated by reduced vein formation in loss-of-function MP alleles. We have identified a semi-dominant, gain-of-function allele of MP, autobahn or mp ( abn ), which results in vein proliferation in leaves and cotyledons. mp ( abn ) is predicted to encode a truncated product that lacks domain IV required for interaction with its Aux/IAA repressor BODENLOS (BDL). We show that the truncated product fails to interact with BDL in yeast two-hybrid assays. Ectopic expression of MP targets including the auxin efflux protein PINFORMED1 (PIN1) further supports the irrepressible nature of mp ( abn ). Asymmetric PIN1:GFP cellular localization does not occur within the enlarged PIN1:GFP expression domains, suggesting the asymmetry requires differential auxin response in neighbouring cells. Organ initiation from mp ( abn ) meristems is altered, consistent with disruption to source/sink relationships within the meristem and possible changes in gene expression. Finally, mp ( abn ) anthers fail to dehisce and their indehiscence can be relieved by jasmonic acid treatment, suggesting a specific role for MP in late anther development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine J T Garrett
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, TIK 3M4, Canada
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Svyatyna K, Riemann M. Light-dependent regulation of the jasmonate pathway. PROTOPLASMA 2012; 249 Suppl 2:S137-45. [PMID: 22569926 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-012-0409-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) are plant hormones which are crucial for the response of plants to several biotic and abiotic stresses. Beside this important function, they are involved in several developmental processes throughout plant life. In this short review, we would like to summarize the recent findings about the function of JAs in photomorphogenesis with a main focus on the model plant rice. Early plant development is determined to a large extent by light. Depending on whether seedlings are raised in darkness or in light, they show a completely different appearance which led to the terms skoto- and photomorphogenesis, respectively. The different appearance depending on the light conditions has been used to screen for mutants in photoperception and signalling. By this approach, mutants for several photoreceptors and in the downstream signalling pathways could be isolated. In rice, we and others isolated mutants with a very intriguing phenotype. The mutated genes have been cloned by map-based cloning, and all of them encode for JA biosynthesis genes. The most bioactive form of JAs identified so far is the amino acid conjugate jasmonoyl-isoleucin (JA-Ile). In order to conjugate JA to Ile, an enzyme of the GH3 family, JASMONATE RESISTANT 1, is required. We characterized mutants of OsJAR1 on a physiological and biochemical level and found evidence for redundantly active enzymes in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Svyatyna
- Botanical Institute, Molecular Cell Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstr 2, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
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120
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Fukushima A, Nishizawa T, Hayakumo M, Hikosaka S, Saito K, Goto E, Kusano M. Exploring tomato gene functions based on coexpression modules using graph clustering and differential coexpression approaches. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 158:1487-502. [PMID: 22307966 PMCID: PMC3343727 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.188367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Gene-to-gene coexpression analysis provides fundamental information and is a promising approach for predicting unknown gene functions in plants. We investigated various associations in the gene expression of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) to predict unknown gene functions in an unbiased manner. We obtained more than 300 microarrays from publicly available databases and our own hybridizations, and here, we present tomato coexpression networks and coexpression modules. The topological characteristics of the networks were highly heterogenous. We extracted 465 total coexpression modules from the data set by graph clustering, which allows users to divide a graph effectively into a set of clusters. Of these, 88% were assigned systematically by Gene Ontology terms. Our approaches revealed functional modules in the tomato transcriptome data; the predominant functions of coexpression modules were biologically relevant. We also investigated differential coexpression among data sets consisting of leaf, fruit, and root samples to gain further insights into the tomato transcriptome. We now demonstrate that (1) duplicated genes, as well as metabolic genes, exhibit a small but significant number of differential coexpressions, and (2) a reversal of gene coexpression occurred in two metabolic pathways involved in lycopene and flavonoid biosynthesis. Independent experimental verification of the findings for six selected genes was done using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Our findings suggest that differential coexpression may assist in the investigation of key regulatory steps in metabolic pathways. The approaches and results reported here will be useful to prioritize candidate genes for further functional genomics studies of tomato metabolism.
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121
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Yoshida H. Is the lodicule a petal: molecular evidence? PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 184:121-8. [PMID: 22284716 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Revised: 12/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Lodicules are grass-specific floral organs with scale-like shapes that play an important role in flower opening. Because of their position just outside the stamens, lodicules have been suggested as analogous to eudicot petals. Previous molecular genetic studies in maize and rice revealed that identities of lodicule and stamen are specified by members of the AP3-lineage of B-class MADS-box genes, which specify petal and stamen identities in eudicots. This supported the hypothesis that lodicules may be equivalent to eudicot petals. Recent studies in rice, maize, and barley further demonstrated that the molecular genetic mechanism of lodicule development includes the PI-lineage of B-class, C-class, SEP-like, AGL6-like, and AP2-like genes. These findings consistently suggest that the genetic mechanisms behind lodicule and petal development are similar. Nevertheless, remarkable divergence in the appearances of lodicules and petals suggests that their developmental processes are very different. Critical mutations in cis-elements and coding sequences of the key regulatory genes may be major driving forces of the divergence between lodicules and petals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Yoshida
- Rice Research Division, National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan
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Abstract
An important aspect of studies on auxin is auxin response factors (ARFs), which activate or repress the auxin response genes by binding to auxin response elements (AuxREs) on their promoters. In this review, we focused on molecular biological advances of plant ARF families, and discussed ARF structures, regulation of ARF gene expression, the roles of ARFs in regulating the development of plants and in signal transduction and the mechanisms involved in the target gene regulation by ARFs. The phylogenetic relationships of ARFs in plants are close and most of them have 4 domains. ARFs are expressed in various tissues. Their expressions are regulated at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. They play important roles in the interactions between auxin and other hormones.
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Systematic analysis of plant-specific B3 domain-containing proteins based on the genome resources of 11 sequenced species. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:6267-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1448-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Reeves PH, Ellis CM, Ploense SE, Wu MF, Yadav V, Tholl D, Chételat A, Haupt I, Kennerley BJ, Hodgens C, Farmer EE, Nagpal P, Reed JW. A regulatory network for coordinated flower maturation. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1002506. [PMID: 22346763 PMCID: PMC3276552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
For self-pollinating plants to reproduce, male and female organ development must be coordinated as flowers mature. The Arabidopsis transcription factors AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 6 (ARF6) and ARF8 regulate this complex process by promoting petal expansion, stamen filament elongation, anther dehiscence, and gynoecium maturation, thereby ensuring that pollen released from the anthers is deposited on the stigma of a receptive gynoecium. ARF6 and ARF8 induce jasmonate production, which in turn triggers expression of MYB21 and MYB24, encoding R2R3 MYB transcription factors that promote petal and stamen growth. To understand the dynamics of this flower maturation regulatory network, we have characterized morphological, chemical, and global gene expression phenotypes of arf, myb, and jasmonate pathway mutant flowers. We found that MYB21 and MYB24 promoted not only petal and stamen development but also gynoecium growth. As well as regulating reproductive competence, both the ARF and MYB factors promoted nectary development or function and volatile sesquiterpene production, which may attract insect pollinators and/or repel pathogens. Mutants lacking jasmonate synthesis or response had decreased MYB21 expression and stamen and petal growth at the stage when flowers normally open, but had increased MYB21 expression in petals of older flowers, resulting in renewed and persistent petal expansion at later stages. Both auxin response and jasmonate synthesis promoted positive feedbacks that may ensure rapid petal and stamen growth as flowers open. MYB21 also fed back negatively on expression of jasmonate biosynthesis pathway genes to decrease flower jasmonate level, which correlated with termination of growth after flowers have opened. These dynamic feedbacks may promote timely, coordinated, and transient growth of flower organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul H. Reeves
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Christine M. Ellis
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sara E. Ploense
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Miin-Feng Wu
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Vandana Yadav
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Dorothea Tholl
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Aurore Chételat
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ina Haupt
- Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Brian J. Kennerley
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Charles Hodgens
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Edward E. Farmer
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Punita Nagpal
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jason W. Reed
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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Vandoorn A, Bonaventure G, Rogachev I, Aharoni A, Baldwin IT. JA-Ile signalling in Solanum nigrum is not required for defence responses in nature. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2011; 34:2159-71. [PMID: 21883286 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02412.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonate signalling plays a central role in activating the plethora of responses that are elicited by herbivory. Solanum nigrum plants silenced in the expression of genes involved in jasmonic acid biosynthesis (irlox3), conjugation (irjar4) and perception (ircoi1) were used to study the function of these genes in the field and in the regulation of transcriptional and metabolic responses. In the field, damage from Noctuidea larvae was four- to fivefold higher on irlox3 and ircoi1 than on wild-type (WT) plants, whereas damage to irjar4 plants was similar to WT levels. Damage rates reflected plant survival rates; fewer irlox3 (78%) and ircoi1 (22%) plants survived compared with irjar4 and WT plants of which all plants survived. Gene expression profiling in leaves 3 h after simulated herbivory revealed differential regulation of ∼700 genes in irlox3 and ircoi1 plants but of only six genes in irjar4 compared with WT plants. Surprisingly, transcriptional responses were not reflected in metabolomic responses; 48 h after simulated herbivory, irjar4 plants showed a 50% overlap in their metabolic profile with ircoi1 plants. Together, these results reveal that SnJAR4 does not play a direct role in herbivore defence, but suggests that SnJAR4 is involved in responses other than those to herbivory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjen Vandoorn
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, D-07745 Jena, Germany
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Wilson ZA, Song J, Taylor B, Yang C. The final split: the regulation of anther dehiscence. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2011; 62:1633-49. [PMID: 21325605 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Controlling male fertility is an important goal for plant reproduction and selective breeding. Hybrid vigour results in superior growth rates and increased yields of hybrids compared with inbred lines; however, hybrid generation is costly and time consuming. A better understanding of anther development and pollen release will provide effective mechanisms for the control of male fertility and for hybrid generation. Male sterility is associated not only with the lack of viable pollen, but also with the failure of pollen release. In such instances a failure of anther dehiscence has the advantage that viable pollen is produced, which can be used for subsequent rescue of fertility. Anther dehiscence is a multistage process involving localized cellular differentiation and degeneration, combined with changes to the structure and water status of the anther to facilitate complete opening and pollen release. After microspore release the anther endothecium undergoes expansion and deposition of ligno-cellulosic secondary thickening. The septum separating the two locules is then enzymatically lysed and undergoes a programmed cell death-like breakdown. The stomium subsequently splits as a consequence of the stresses associated with pollen swelling and anther dehydration. The physical constraints imposed by the thickening in the endothecium limit expansion, placing additional stress on the anther, so as it dehydrates it opens and the pollen is released. Jasmonic acid has been shown to be a critical signal for dehiscence, although other hormones, particularly auxin, are also involved. The key regulators and physical constraints of anther dehiscence are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe A Wilson
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK.
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Varaud E, Brioudes F, Szécsi J, Leroux J, Brown S, Perrot-Rechenmann C, Bendahmane M. AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR8 regulates Arabidopsis petal growth by interacting with the bHLH transcription factor BIGPETALp. THE PLANT CELL 2011; 23:973-83. [PMID: 21421811 PMCID: PMC3082276 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.110.081653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant organ growth and final size are determined by coordinated cell proliferation and expansion. The BIGPETALp (BPEp) basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor was shown to limit Arabidopsis thaliana petal growth by influencing cell expansion. We demonstrate here that BPEp interacts with AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR8 (ARF8) to affect petal growth. This interaction is mediated through the BPEp C-terminal domain (SD(BPEp)) and the C-terminal domain of ARF8. Site-directed mutagenesis identified an amino acid consensus motif in SD(BPEp) that is critical for mediating BPEp-ARF8 interaction. This motif shares sequence similarity with motif III of ARF and AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID proteins. Petals of arf8 mutants are significantly larger than those of the wild type due to increased cell number and increased cell expansion. bpe arf8 double mutant analyses show that during early petal development stages, ARF8 and BPEp work synergistically to limit mitotic growth. During late stages, ARF8 and BPEp interact to limit cell expansion. The alterations in cell division and cell expansion observed in arf8 and/or bpe mutants are associated with a change in expression of early auxin-responsive genes. The data provide evidence of an interaction between an ARF and a bHLH transcription factor and of its biological significance in regulating petal growth, with local auxin levels likely influencing such a biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Varaud
- Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 69364 Lyon Cedex, France
| | - Florian Brioudes
- Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 69364 Lyon Cedex, France
| | - Judit Szécsi
- Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 69364 Lyon Cedex, France
| | - Julie Leroux
- Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 69364 Lyon Cedex, France
| | - Spencer Brown
- Institut des Sciences du Végétal, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Catherine Perrot-Rechenmann
- Institut des Sciences du Végétal, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Mohammed Bendahmane
- Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 69364 Lyon Cedex, France
- Address correspondence to
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Robert-Seilaniantz A, Grant M, Jones JDG. Hormone crosstalk in plant disease and defense: more than just jasmonate-salicylate antagonism. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2011; 49:317-43. [PMID: 21663438 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-073009-114447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1048] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Until recently, most studies on the role of hormones in plant-pathogen interactions focused on salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ET). It is now clear that pathogen-induced modulation of signaling via other hormones contributes to virulence. A picture is emerging of complex crosstalk and induced hormonal changes that modulate disease and resistance, with outcomes dependent on pathogen lifestyles and the genetic constitution of the host. Recent progress has revealed intriguing similarities between hormone signaling mechanisms, with gene induction responses often achieved by derepression. Here, we report on recent advances, updating current knowledge on classical defense hormones SA, JA, and ET, and the roles of auxin, abscisic acid (ABA), cytokinins (CKs), and brassinosteroids in molding plant-pathogen interactions. We highlight an emerging theme that positive and negative regulators of these disparate hormone signaling pathways are crucial regulatory targets of hormonal crosstalk in disease and defense.
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129
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Murmu J, Bush MJ, DeLong C, Li S, Xu M, Khan M, Malcolmson C, Fobert PR, Zachgo S, Hepworth SR. Arabidopsis basic leucine-zipper transcription factors TGA9 and TGA10 interact with floral glutaredoxins ROXY1 and ROXY2 and are redundantly required for anther development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 154:1492-504. [PMID: 20805327 PMCID: PMC2971623 DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.159111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
ROXY1 and ROXY2 are CC-type floral glutaredoxins with redundant functions in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) anther development. We show here that plants lacking the basic leucine-zipper transcription factors TGA9 and TGA10 have defects in male gametogenesis that are strikingly similar to those in roxy1 roxy2 mutants. In tga9 tga10 mutants, adaxial and abaxial anther lobe development is differentially affected, with early steps in anther development blocked in adaxial lobes and later steps affected in abaxial lobes. Distinct from roxy1 roxy2, microspore development in abaxial anther lobes proceeds to a later stage with the production of inviable pollen grains contained within nondehiscent anthers. Histological analysis shows multiple defects in the anther dehiscence program, including abnormal stability and lignification of the middle layer and defects in septum and stomium function. Compatible with these defects, TGA9 and TGA10 are expressed throughout early anther primordia but resolve to the middle and tapetum layers during meiosis of pollen mother cells. Several lines of evidence suggest that ROXY promotion of anther development is mediated in part by TGA9 and TGA10. First, TGA9 and TGA10 expression overlaps with ROXY1/2 during anther development. Second, TGA9/10 and ROXY1/2 operate downstream of SPOROCYTELESS/NOZZLE, where they positively regulate a common set of genes that contribute to tapetal development. Third, TGA9 and TGA10 directly interact with ROXY proteins in yeast and in plant cell nuclei. These findings suggest that activation of TGA9/10 transcription factors by ROXY-mediated modification of cysteine residues promotes anther development, thus broadening our understanding of how redox-regulated TGA factors function in plants.
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131
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Hay A, Tsiantis M. KNOX genes: versatile regulators of plant development and diversity. Development 2010; 137:3153-65. [PMID: 20823061 DOI: 10.1242/dev.030049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Knotted1-like homeobox (KNOX) proteins are homeodomain transcription factors that maintain an important pluripotent cell population called the shoot apical meristem, which generates the entire above-ground body of vascular plants. KNOX proteins regulate target genes that control hormone homeostasis in the meristem and interact with another subclass of homeodomain proteins called the BELL family. Studies in novel genetic systems, both at the base of the land plant phylogeny and in flowering plants, have uncovered novel roles for KNOX proteins in sculpting plant form and its diversity. Here, we discuss how KNOX proteins influence plant growth and development in a versatile context-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Hay
- Plant Sciences Department, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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