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Travis LB, Fossa SD, Sesso HD, Frisina RD, Herrmann DN, Beard CJ, Feldman DR, Pagliaro LC, Miller RC, Vaughn DJ, Einhorn LH, Cox NJ, Dolan ME. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity and ototoxicity: new paradigms for translational genomics. J Natl Cancer Inst 2014; 106:dju044. [PMID: 24623533 PMCID: PMC4568989 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dju044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In view of advances in early detection and treatment, the 5-year relative survival rate for all cancer patients combined is now approximately 66%. As a result, there are more than 13.7 million cancer survivors in the United States, with this number increasing by 2% annually. For many patients, improvements in survival have been countered by therapy-associated adverse effects that may seriously impair long-term functional status, workplace productivity, and quality of life. Approximately 20% to 40% of cancer patients given neurotoxic chemotherapy develop chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (CIPN), which represents one of the most common and potentially permanent nonhematologic side effects of chemotherapy. Permanent bilateral hearing loss and/or tinnitus can result from several ototoxic therapies, including cisplatin- or carboplatin-based chemotherapy. CIPN and ototoxicity represent important challenges because of the lack of means for effective prevention, mitigation, or a priori identification of high-risk patients, and few studies have applied modern genomic approaches to understand underlying mechanisms/pathways. Translational genomics, including cell-based models, now offer opportunities to make inroads for the first time to develop preventive and interventional strategies for CIPN, ototoxicity, and other treatment-related complications. This commentary provides current perspective on a successful research strategy, with a focus on cisplatin, developed by an experienced, transdisciplinary group of researchers and clinicians, representing pharmacogenomics, statistical genetics, neurology, hearing science, medical oncology, epidemiology, and cancer survivorship. Principles outlined herein are applicable to the construction of research programs in translational genomics with strong clinical relevance and highlight unprecedented opportunities to understand, prevent, and treat long-term treatment-related morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lois B Travis
- Affiliations of authors: Rubin Center for Cancer Survivorship and Department of Radiation Oncology (LBT) and Department of Neurology (DNH), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospital, Oslo, Norway (SDF); Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (HDS); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (CJB); Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL (RDF); Department of Medical Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (DRF); Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (LCP); Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (RCM); Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (DJV); Department of Medical Oncology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN (LHE); Departments of Human Genetics (NJC) and Medicine (MED), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
| | - Sophie D Fossa
- Affiliations of authors: Rubin Center for Cancer Survivorship and Department of Radiation Oncology (LBT) and Department of Neurology (DNH), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospital, Oslo, Norway (SDF); Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (HDS); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (CJB); Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL (RDF); Department of Medical Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (DRF); Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (LCP); Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (RCM); Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (DJV); Department of Medical Oncology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN (LHE); Departments of Human Genetics (NJC) and Medicine (MED), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Howard D Sesso
- Affiliations of authors: Rubin Center for Cancer Survivorship and Department of Radiation Oncology (LBT) and Department of Neurology (DNH), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospital, Oslo, Norway (SDF); Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (HDS); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (CJB); Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL (RDF); Department of Medical Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (DRF); Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (LCP); Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (RCM); Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (DJV); Department of Medical Oncology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN (LHE); Departments of Human Genetics (NJC) and Medicine (MED), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Robert D Frisina
- Affiliations of authors: Rubin Center for Cancer Survivorship and Department of Radiation Oncology (LBT) and Department of Neurology (DNH), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospital, Oslo, Norway (SDF); Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (HDS); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (CJB); Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL (RDF); Department of Medical Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (DRF); Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (LCP); Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (RCM); Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (DJV); Department of Medical Oncology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN (LHE); Departments of Human Genetics (NJC) and Medicine (MED), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - David N Herrmann
- Affiliations of authors: Rubin Center for Cancer Survivorship and Department of Radiation Oncology (LBT) and Department of Neurology (DNH), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospital, Oslo, Norway (SDF); Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (HDS); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (CJB); Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL (RDF); Department of Medical Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (DRF); Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (LCP); Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (RCM); Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (DJV); Department of Medical Oncology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN (LHE); Departments of Human Genetics (NJC) and Medicine (MED), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Clair J Beard
- Affiliations of authors: Rubin Center for Cancer Survivorship and Department of Radiation Oncology (LBT) and Department of Neurology (DNH), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospital, Oslo, Norway (SDF); Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (HDS); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (CJB); Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL (RDF); Department of Medical Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (DRF); Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (LCP); Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (RCM); Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (DJV); Department of Medical Oncology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN (LHE); Departments of Human Genetics (NJC) and Medicine (MED), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Darren R Feldman
- Affiliations of authors: Rubin Center for Cancer Survivorship and Department of Radiation Oncology (LBT) and Department of Neurology (DNH), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospital, Oslo, Norway (SDF); Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (HDS); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (CJB); Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL (RDF); Department of Medical Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (DRF); Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (LCP); Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (RCM); Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (DJV); Department of Medical Oncology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN (LHE); Departments of Human Genetics (NJC) and Medicine (MED), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Lance C Pagliaro
- Affiliations of authors: Rubin Center for Cancer Survivorship and Department of Radiation Oncology (LBT) and Department of Neurology (DNH), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospital, Oslo, Norway (SDF); Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (HDS); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (CJB); Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL (RDF); Department of Medical Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (DRF); Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (LCP); Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (RCM); Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (DJV); Department of Medical Oncology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN (LHE); Departments of Human Genetics (NJC) and Medicine (MED), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Robert C Miller
- Affiliations of authors: Rubin Center for Cancer Survivorship and Department of Radiation Oncology (LBT) and Department of Neurology (DNH), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospital, Oslo, Norway (SDF); Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (HDS); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (CJB); Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL (RDF); Department of Medical Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (DRF); Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (LCP); Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (RCM); Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (DJV); Department of Medical Oncology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN (LHE); Departments of Human Genetics (NJC) and Medicine (MED), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - David J Vaughn
- Affiliations of authors: Rubin Center for Cancer Survivorship and Department of Radiation Oncology (LBT) and Department of Neurology (DNH), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospital, Oslo, Norway (SDF); Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (HDS); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (CJB); Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL (RDF); Department of Medical Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (DRF); Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (LCP); Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (RCM); Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (DJV); Department of Medical Oncology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN (LHE); Departments of Human Genetics (NJC) and Medicine (MED), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Lawrence H Einhorn
- Affiliations of authors: Rubin Center for Cancer Survivorship and Department of Radiation Oncology (LBT) and Department of Neurology (DNH), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospital, Oslo, Norway (SDF); Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (HDS); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (CJB); Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL (RDF); Department of Medical Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (DRF); Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (LCP); Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (RCM); Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (DJV); Department of Medical Oncology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN (LHE); Departments of Human Genetics (NJC) and Medicine (MED), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Nancy J Cox
- Affiliations of authors: Rubin Center for Cancer Survivorship and Department of Radiation Oncology (LBT) and Department of Neurology (DNH), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospital, Oslo, Norway (SDF); Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (HDS); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (CJB); Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL (RDF); Department of Medical Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (DRF); Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (LCP); Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (RCM); Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (DJV); Department of Medical Oncology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN (LHE); Departments of Human Genetics (NJC) and Medicine (MED), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - M Eileen Dolan
- Affiliations of authors: Rubin Center for Cancer Survivorship and Department of Radiation Oncology (LBT) and Department of Neurology (DNH), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospital, Oslo, Norway (SDF); Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (HDS); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (CJB); Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL (RDF); Department of Medical Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (DRF); Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (LCP); Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (RCM); Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (DJV); Department of Medical Oncology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN (LHE); Departments of Human Genetics (NJC) and Medicine (MED), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Marshak T, Steiner M, Kaminer M, Levy L, Shupak A. Prevention of Cisplatin-Induced Hearing Loss by Intratympanic Dexamethasone. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2014; 150:983-90. [DOI: 10.1177/0194599814524894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective To examine the role of intratympanic Dexamethasone (ITD) in the prevention of Cisplatin-induced hearing loss. Study Design Prospective randomized controlled clinical trial. Setting Tertiary referral center. Subjects and Methods Twenty-six patients suffering from a neoplastic disease for which the treatment protocol included Cisplatin were recruited. Prior to each Cisplatin treatment session ITD was injected to the baseline randomly assigned ear while the other ear of the same patient served as the control. Audiometry and Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAEs) test results of the baseline and follow-up examinations were compared within and between the study and control ears. Results The cumulative dose of Cisplatin was greater than 400 mg for the 15 subjects who completed the study. The pure tone threshold at 8000 Hz and pure tone average threshold at 4000 to 8000 Hz significantly increased in both the study ( P < .005, P < .03, respectively) and control ears ( P < .01, P < .005, respectively). Significant increase in the pure tone threshold for 6000 Hz was observed in the control ( P < .02) but not in the study group. Within the groups comparison also revealed significant decrease in the DPOAE average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for the f2 frequencies 7031 ( P < .04) and 8391 Hz ( P < .04) and SNR average for 4000 to 8000 Hz in the control ( P < .04) but not in the study ears. Conclusions ITD significantly attenuated hearing loss at 6000 Hz and decreased the outer hair dysfunction in the DPOAE f2 range of 4000 to 8000 Hz. ITD might have potential in the reduction of Cisplatin-induced hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Marshak
- Unit of Otoneurology, Lin Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | | | | | - Levana Levy
- Department of Oncology Lin Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Avi Shupak
- Unit of Otoneurology, Lin Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
- The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, The Technion, Haifa, Israel
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103
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Coffin AB, Williamson KL, Mamiya A, Raible DW, Rubel EW. Profiling drug-induced cell death pathways in the zebrafish lateral line. Apoptosis 2014; 18:393-408. [PMID: 23413197 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0816-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is an important process in development and disease, as it allows the body to rid itself of unwanted or damaged cells. However, PCD pathways can also be activated in otherwise healthy cells. One such case occurs in sensory hair cells of the inner ear following exposure to ototoxic drugs, resulting in hearing loss and/or balance disorders. The intracellular pathways that determine if hair cells die or survive following this or other ototoxic challenges are incompletely understood. We use the larval zebrafish lateral line, an external hair cell-bearing sensory system, as a platform for profiling cell death pathways activated in response to ototoxic stimuli. In this report the importance of each pathway was assessed by screening a custom cell death inhibitor library for instances when pathway inhibition protected hair cells from the aminoglycosides neomycin or gentamicin, or the chemotherapy agent cisplatin. This screen revealed that each ototoxin likely activated a distinct subset of possible cell death pathways. For example, the proteasome inhibitor Z-LLF-CHO protected hair cells from either aminoglycoside or from cisplatin, while D-methionine, an antioxidant, protected hair cells from gentamicin or cisplatin but not from neomycin toxicity. The calpain inhibitor leupeptin primarily protected hair cells from neomycin, as did a Bax channel blocker. Neither caspase inhibition nor protein synthesis inhibition altered the progression of hair cell death. Taken together, these results suggest that ototoxin-treated hair cells die via multiple processes that form an interactive network of cell death signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison B Coffin
- Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Box 357923, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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104
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Vestibular damage in chronic ototoxicity: a mini-review. Neurotoxicology 2013; 43:21-27. [PMID: 24333467 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Ototoxicity is a major cause of the loss of hearing and balance in humans. Ototoxic compounds include pharmaceuticals such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, anti-malarial drugs, loop diuretics and chemotherapeutic platinum agents, and industrial chemicals including several solvents and nitriles. Human and rodent data indicate that the main target of toxicity is hair cells (HCs), which are the mechanosensory cells responsible for sensory transduction in both the auditory and the vestibular system. Nevertheless, the compounds may also affect the auditory and vestibular ganglion neurons. Exposure to ototoxic compounds has been found to cause HC apoptosis, HC necrosis, and damage to the afferent terminals, of differing severity depending on the ototoxicity model. One major pathway frequently involved in HC apoptosis is the c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway activated by reactive oxygen species, but other apoptotic pathways can also play a role in ototoxicity. Moreover, little is known about the effects of chronic low-dose exposure. In rodent vestibular epithelia, extrusion of live HCs from the sensory epithelium may be the predominant form of cell demise during chronic ototoxicity. In addition, greater involvement of the afferent terminals may occur, particularly the calyx units contacting type I vestibular HCs. As glutamate is the neurotransmitter in this synapse, excitotoxic phenomena may participate in afferent and ganglion neuron damage. Better knowledge of the events that take place in chronic ototoxicity is of great interest, as it will increase understanding of the sensory loss associated with chronic exposure and aging.
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105
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Olgun Y, Kırkım G, Kolatan E, Kıray M, Bagrıyanık A, Olgun A, Kızmazoglu DC, Ellıdokuz H, Serbetcıoglu B, Altun Z, Aktas S, Yılmaz O, Günerı EA. Friend or foe? Effect of oral resveratrol on cisplatin ototoxicity. Laryngoscope 2013; 124:760-6. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.24323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yüksel Olgun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Dokuz Eylül University School Of Medicine; Izmir Turkey
| | - Günay Kırkım
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Dokuz Eylül University School Of Medicine; Izmir Turkey
| | - Efsun Kolatan
- Department of Laboratory Of Animal Science; Dokuz Eylül University School Of Medicine; Izmir Turkey
| | - Müge Kıray
- Department of Physiology; Dokuz Eylül University School Of Medicine; Izmir Turkey
| | - Alper Bagrıyanık
- Department of Histology; Dokuz Eylül University School Of Medicine; Izmir Turkey
| | - Aybüke Olgun
- Department of Internal Medicine; Dokuz Eylül University School Of Medicine; Izmir Turkey
| | | | - Hülya Ellıdokuz
- Department of Biostatistics; Dokuz Eylül University School Of Medicine; Izmir Turkey
| | - Bulent Serbetcıoglu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Dokuz Eylül University School Of Medicine; Izmir Turkey
| | - Zekiye Altun
- Department of Basic Oncology; Dokuz Eylül University School Of Medicine; Izmir Turkey
| | - Safiye Aktas
- Department of Basic Oncology; Dokuz Eylül University School Of Medicine; Izmir Turkey
| | - Osman Yılmaz
- Department of Laboratory Of Animal Science; Dokuz Eylül University School Of Medicine; Izmir Turkey
| | - Enis Alpin Günerı
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Dokuz Eylül University School Of Medicine; Izmir Turkey
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The role of inherited TPMT and COMT genetic variation in cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in children with cancer. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2013; 94:252-9. [PMID: 23820299 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2013.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ototoxicity is a debilitating side effect of platinating agents with substantial interpatient variability. We sought to evaluate the association of thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) and catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) genetic variations with cisplatin-related hearing damage in the context of frontline pediatric cancer treatment protocols. In 213 children from the St. Jude Medulloblastoma-96 and -03 protocols, hearing loss was related to younger age (P = 0.013) and craniospinal irradiation (P = 0.001), but did not differ by TPMT or COMT variants. Results were similar in an independent cohort of 41 children from solid-tumor frontline protocols. Functional hearing loss or hair cell damage was not different in TPMT knockout vs. wild-type mice following cisplatin treatment, and neither TPMT nor COMT variant was associated with cisplatin cytotoxicity in lymphoblastoid cell lines. In conclusion, our results indicated that TPMT or COMT genetic variation was not related to cisplatin ototoxicity in children with cancer and did not influence cisplatin-induced hearing damage in laboratory models.
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Hong SJ, Im GJ, Chang J, Chae SW, Lee SH, Kwon SY, Jung HH, Chung AY, Park HC, Choi J. Protective effects of edaravone against cisplatin-induced hair cell damage in zebrafish. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 77:1025-31. [PMID: 23628221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Edaravone is known to have a potent free radical scavenging effect. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of edaravone on cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in transgenic zebrafish (Brn3C: EGFP). METHODS Five day post-fertilization zebrafish larvae were exposed to 1000 μM cisplatin and 50 μM, 100 μM, 250 μM, 500 μM, 750 μM, and 1000 μM concentrations of edaravone for 4h. Hair cells within neuromasts of the supraorbital (SO1 and SO2), otic (O1), and occipital (OC1) lateral lines were analyzed by fluorescence microscopy and confocal microscopy (n=10). Hair cell survival was calculated as a percentage of the hair cells in the control group that were not exposed to cisplatin. Ultrastructural changes were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Edaravone protected cisplatin-induced hair cell loss of neuromasts (edaravone 750 μM: 8.7 ± 1.5 cells, cisplatin 1000 μM only: 3.7 ± 0.9 cells; n=10, p<0.0001) and decreased the Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) reaction. Structures of mitochondria and hair cell within neuromasts in ultrastructural analysis were preserved in zebrafish exposed to 1000 μM cisplatin and 750 μM edaravone for 4h. CONCLUSIONS Edaravone attenuated cisplatin-induced hair cell damage in zebrafish. The results of the current study suggest that cisplatin induces apoptosis, and the apoptotic cell death can be prevented by treatment with edaravone in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Jin Hong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-City, South Korea
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108
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Mechanisms of cisplatin ototoxicity: theoretical review. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 2013; 127:536-41. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022215113000947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIntroduction:Cisplatin is an effective chemotherapeutic agent commonly used in the treatment of malignant tumours, but ototoxicity is a significant side effect.Objectives:To discuss the mechanisms of cisplatin ototoxicity and subsequent cell death, and to present the results of experimental studies.Material and methods:We conducted a systematic search for data published in national and international journals and books, using the Medline, SciELO, Bireme, LILACS and PubMed databases.Results:The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 3 isoform (also termed NOX3) seems to be the main source of reactive oxygen species in the cochlea. These reactive oxygen species react with other molecules and trigger processes such as lipid peroxidation of the plasma membrane and increases in expression of the transient vanilloid receptor potential 1 ion channel.Conclusion:Cisplatin ototoxicity proceeds via the formation of reactive oxygen species in cochlear tissue, with apoptotic cell death as a consequence.
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109
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Protective role of bilberry extract against Cisplatin induced ototoxicity in rats. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2013; 65:339-44. [PMID: 24427595 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-013-0642-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the potential preventive effect of bilberry extract in cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. Thirty-five 3-3.5-month healthy adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups and treated as follows: Both, group 1 (n = 10) and group 2 (n = 15) subjects received a single dose of 12 mg/kg cisplatin intraperitoneally; while in group 2, bilberry extract was also administered via gavage feeding for 15 days. Group 3 (n = 10), received no cisplatin or bilberry extract. Baseline distortion product otoacoustic emissions testing were performed in all subjects prior to administration of any medication. The test was repeated at 15th day following administration of any medication. The distortion product otoacoustic emissions were evaluated at 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10 and 12 kHz. Histopathological changes in the cochlea of rats were observed by light microscopy. There was no statistically significant difference in apical turn between three groups but there was a statistically significant difference in basal and mid turn external ciliated cells number. Stria vascularis changes were statistically significant between three groups. The median score for stria vascularis injury and spiral ganglion cells changes were significantly greater in group 1 than in group 2. The initial distortion product otoacoustic emissions measurement results gave similar statistically insignificant values in the three groups (p > 0.05). In contrast to initial measurements statistically significant differences were recorded between day 0 and 15 otoacoustic thresholds (p < 0.05). Bilberry extract group had a significantly higher DP-gram except for 1.5 and 2 kHz frequencies when compared to cisplatin group. The analyses of the results revealed statistically significant differences between two groups (p < 0.05), suggesting that bilberry extract had shown a protective effect against cisplatin ototoxicity. The results of our study revealed that treatment with bilberry extract affords significant protection to the cochlea from cisplatin toxicity and thus, oral experimental dose of bilberry extract administration may have a protective effect against cisplatin ototoxicity in rats.
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Esterberg R, Coffin AB, Ou H, Simon JA, Raible DW, Rubel EW. Fish in a Dish: Drug Discovery for Hearing Habilitation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 10. [PMID: 24187569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddmod.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The majority of hearing loss is caused by the permanent loss of inner ear hair cells. The identification of drugs that modulate the susceptibility to hair cell loss or spur their regeneration is often hampered by the difficulties of assaying for such complex phenomena in mammalian models. The zebrafish has emerged as a powerful animal model for chemical screening in many contexts. Several characteristics of the zebrafish, such as its small size and external location of sensory hair cells, uniquely position it as an ideal model organism for the study of hair cell toxicity, protection, and regeneration. We have used this model to screen for drugs that affect each of these aspects of hair cell biology and have identified compounds that affect each of these processes. The identification of such drugs and drug-like compounds holds promise in the future ability to stem hearing loss in the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Esterberg
- Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington ; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Human ultrasonic hearing is induced by a direct ultrasonic stimulation of the cochlea. Neurosci Lett 2013; 539:71-6. [PMID: 23384569 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound can be perceived by bone-conduction. The cochlear basal turn is involved in processing bone-conducted ultrasound (BCU) information. Previous studies have suggested that ultrasonic perception is induced by ultrasound itself. In contrast, it has also been suggested that a lower frequency sound is generated in non-linear process during the transmission pathway to the cochlea to induce an auditory sensations. To address this issue, we assessed cisplatin-induced changes in BCU sensitivity at 27, 30 and 33kHz in 20 participants (40 ears) who were scheduled to undergo cisplatin chemoradiation therapy. Following the treatment, 62.5% ears were diagnosed with hearing loss according to the criteria of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. As expected, significant increases in sensitivity threshold were observed for air-conducted sounds ranging from 8 to 14kHz. In contrast, the BCU threshold significantly decreased after the treatment. Considering that both air-conducted high-frequency sound and BCU are perceived in the cochlear basal turn, these findings indicate that ultrasonic perception is independent of hearing a lower frequency sound generated in non-linear process. In addition, our findings support the hypothesis that ultrasound itself induces ultrasonic perception in the cochlea. The observed cisplatin-induced increase in BCU sensitivity may be explained by hypersensitivity associated with outer hair cells' disorder.
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Uribe PM, Mueller MA, Gleichman JS, Kramer MD, Wang Q, Sibrian-Vazquez M, Strongin RM, Steyger PS, Cotanche DA, Matsui JI. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) exacerbates cisplatin-induced sensory hair cell death in zebrafish (Danio rerio). PLoS One 2013; 8:e55359. [PMID: 23383324 PMCID: PMC3562182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inner ear sensory hair cells die following exposure to aminoglycoside antibiotics or chemotherapeutics like cisplatin, leading to permanent auditory and/or balance deficits in humans. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are used to study drug-induced sensory hair cell death since their hair cells are similar in structure and function to those found in humans. We developed a cisplatin dose-response curve using a transgenic line of zebrafish that expresses membrane-targeted green fluorescent protein under the control of the Brn3c promoter/enhancer. Recently, several small molecule screens have been conducted using zebrafish to identify potential pharmacological agents that could be used to protect sensory hair cells in the presence of ototoxic drugs. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is typically used as a solvent for many pharmacological agents in sensory hair cell cytotoxicity assays. Serendipitously, we found that DMSO potentiated the effects of cisplatin and killed more sensory hair cells than treatment with cisplatin alone. Yet, DMSO alone did not kill hair cells. We did not observe the synergistic effects of DMSO with the ototoxic aminoglycoside antibiotic neomycin. Cisplatin treatment with other commonly used organic solvents (i.e. ethanol, methanol, and polyethylene glycol 400) also did not result in increased cell death compared to cisplatin treatment alone. Thus, caution should be exercised when interpreting data generated from small molecule screens since many compounds are dissolved in DMSO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip M. Uribe
- Department of Neuroscience, Pomona College, Claremont, California, United States of America
| | - Melissa A. Mueller
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Julia S. Gleichman
- Department of Neuroscience, Pomona College, Claremont, California, United States of America
| | - Matthew D. Kramer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Qi Wang
- Oregon Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Martha Sibrian-Vazquez
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Robert M. Strongin
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Peter S. Steyger
- Oregon Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Douglas A. Cotanche
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Noise-Induced Hearing Loss Research Group, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jonathan I. Matsui
- Department of Neuroscience, Pomona College, Claremont, California, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Shin YS, Song SJ, Kang S, Hwang HS, Jung YS, Kim CH. Novel synthetic protective compound, KR-22335, against cisplatin-induced auditory cell death. J Appl Toxicol 2013; 34:191-204. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.2852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Seob Shin
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine; Ajou University; Suwon Korea
- Center for Cell Death Regulating Biodrug, School of Medicine; Ajou University; Suwon Korea
| | - Suk Jin Song
- Bio-organic Science Division; Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology; Yuseong Daejeon Korea
| | - SungUn Kang
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine; Ajou University; Suwon Korea
- Center for Cell Death Regulating Biodrug, School of Medicine; Ajou University; Suwon Korea
| | - Hye Sook Hwang
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine; Ajou University; Suwon Korea
- Center for Cell Death Regulating Biodrug, School of Medicine; Ajou University; Suwon Korea
| | - Young-Sik Jung
- Bio-organic Science Division; Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology; Yuseong Daejeon Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine; Ajou University; Suwon Korea
- Center for Cell Death Regulating Biodrug, School of Medicine; Ajou University; Suwon Korea
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Ciarimboli G. Membrane transporters as mediators of Cisplatin effects and side effects. SCIENTIFICA 2012; 2012:473829. [PMID: 24278698 PMCID: PMC3820462 DOI: 10.6064/2012/473829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Transporters are important mediators of specific cellular uptake and thus, not only for effects, but also for side effects, metabolism, and excretion of many drugs such as cisplatin. Cisplatin is a potent cytostatic drug, whose use is limited by its severe acute and chronic nephro-, oto-, and peripheral neurotoxicity. For this reason, other platinum derivatives, such as carboplatin and oxaliplatin, with less toxicity but still with antitumoral action have been developed. Several transporters, which are expressed on the cell membranes, have been associated with cisplatin transport across the plasma membrane and across the cell: the copper transporter 1 (Ctr1), the copper transporter 2 (Ctr2), the P-type copper-transporting ATPases ATP7A and ATP7B, the organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2), and the multidrug extrusion transporter 1 (MATE1). Some of these transporters are also able to accept other platinum derivatives as substrate. Since membrane transporters display a specific tissue distribution, they can be important molecules that mediate the entry of platinum derivatives in target and also nontarget cells possibly mediating specific effects and side effects of the chemotherapeutic drug. This paper summarizes the literature on toxicities of cisplatin compared to that of carboplatin and oxaliplatin and the interaction of these platinum derivatives with membrane transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano Ciarimboli
- Experimentelle Nephrologie, Medizinische Klinik D, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A14, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Pararas EEL, Borkholder DA, Borenstein JT. Microsystems technologies for drug delivery to the inner ear. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:1650-60. [PMID: 22386561 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The inner ear represents one of the most technologically challenging targets for local drug delivery, but its clinical significance is rapidly increasing. The prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss and other auditory diseases, along with balance disorders and tinnitus, has spurred broad efforts to develop therapeutic compounds and regenerative approaches to treat these conditions, necessitating advances in systems capable of targeted and sustained drug delivery. The delicate nature of hearing structures combined with the relative inaccessibility of the cochlea by means of conventional delivery routes together necessitate significant advancements in both the precision and miniaturization of delivery systems, and the nature of the molecular and cellular targets for these therapies suggests that multiple compounds may need to be delivered in a time-sequenced fashion over an extended duration. Here we address the various approaches being developed for inner ear drug delivery, including micropump-based devices, reciprocating systems, and cochlear prosthesis-mediated delivery, concluding with an analysis of emerging challenges and opportunities for the first generation of technologies suitable for human clinical use. These developments represent exciting advances that have the potential to repair and regenerate hearing structures in millions of patients for whom no currently available medical treatments exist, a situation that requires them to function with electronic hearing augmentation devices or to live with severely impaired auditory function. These advances also have the potential for broader clinical applications that share similar requirements and challenges with the inner ear, such as drug delivery to the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Leary Pararas
- Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, 555 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Kopecky BJ, Decook R, Fritzsch B. N-Myc and L-Myc are essential for hair cell formation but not maintenance. Brain Res 2012; 1484:1-14. [PMID: 23022312 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss results from damage to the hair cells of the organ of Corti and is irreversible in mammals. While hair cell regeneration may prove to be the ideal therapy after hearing loss, prevention of initial hair cell loss could provide even more benefit at a lower cost. Previous studies have shown that the deletion of Atoh1 results in embryonic loss of hair cells while the absence of Barhl1, Gfi1, and Pou4f3 leads to the progressive loss of hair cells in newborn mice. We recently reported that in the early embryonic absence of N-Myc (using Pax2-Cre), hair cells in the organ of Corti develop and remain until at least seven days after birth, with subsequent progressive loss. Thus, N-Myc plays a role in hair cell viability; however, it is unclear if this is due to its early expression in hair cell precursors and throughout the growing otocyst as it functions through proliferation or its late expression exclusively in differentiated hair cells. Furthermore, the related family member L-Myc is mostly co-expressed in the ear, including in differentiated hair cells, but its function has not been studied and could be partially redundant to N-Myc. To test for a long-term function of the Mycs in differentiated hair cells, we generated nine unique genotypes knocking out N-Myc and/or L-Myc after initial formation of hair cells using the well-characterized Atoh1-Cre. We tested functionality of the auditory and vestibular systems at both P21 and four months of age and under the administration of the ototoxic drug cisplatin. We conclude that neither N-Myc nor L-Myc is likely to play important roles in long-term hair cell maintenance. Therefore, it is likely that the late-onset loss of hair cells resulting from early deletion of the Mycs leads to an unsustainable developmental defect.
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Waissbluth S, Salehi P, He X, Daniel SJ. Systemic dexamethasone for the prevention of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 270:1597-605. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-012-2150-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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The effect of intratympanic vitamin C administration on cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 270:1293-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-012-2140-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Protective effect of klotho protein against cisplatin ototoxicity in an auditory cell line. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 2012; 126:1003-9. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022215112001715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AbstractObjectives:Klotho protein is involved in insulin-signalling and ageing. Klotho mutation causes premature ageing and significantly shortens the lifespan. The anti-neoplastic drug cisplatin promotes ototoxicity at higher doses by inducing apoptosis. This study aimed to clarify the effect of klotho expression on cisplatin ototoxicity, using an auditory cell line.Materials and methods:Expressions of klotho messenger RNA and protein were analysed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Auditory cells (HEI-OC1 line) were pretreated with 2 nM klotho protein for 2 hours; 15 µM cisplatin was then applied. After 48 hours incubation, assessment of cell viability (via 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide assay), apoptosis (via Hoechst 33258 staining) and reactive oxygen species was performed.Results:Klotho protein expression increased in cisplatin-treated auditory cells. Cells treated with both klotho protein and cisplatin showed a viability of 67.7 per cent, versus 59.4 per cent in cisplatin-treated cells. Klotho significantly attenuated the cisplatin-induced increase in reactive oxygen species, and increased the viability of cells with cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity.Conclusion:Klotho protein is protective against cisplatin-induced auditory cell cytotoxicity; inhibition of reactive oxygen species may be the main mechanism.
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Abstract
The pyruvate mimetic 3-bromopyruvate (3-BP) is generally presented as an inhibitor of glycolysis and has shown remarkable efficacy in not only preventing tumor growth, but even eradicating existant tumors in animal studies. We here review reported molecular targets of 3-BP and suggest that the very range of possible targets, which pertain to the altered energy metabolism of tumor cells, contributes both to the efficacy and the tumor specificity of the drug. Its in vivo efficacy is suggested to be due to a combination of glycolytic and mitochondrial targets, as well as to secondary effects affecting the tumor microenvironment. The cytotoxicity of 3-BP is less due to pyruvate mimicry than to alkylation of, e.g., key thiols. Alkylation of DNA/RNA has not been reported. More research is warranted to better understand the pharmacokinetics of 3-BP, and its potential toxic effects to normal cells, in particular those that are highly ATP-/mitochondrion-dependent.
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Gene therapy for cisplatin-induced ototoxicity: a systematic review of in vitro and experimental animal studies. Otol Neurotol 2012; 33:302-10. [PMID: 22388732 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0b013e318248ee66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ototoxicity is a frequent adverse event of cisplatin treatment. No therapy is currently available for cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. A systematic review of experimental animal studies and in vitro experiments was conducted to evaluate gene therapy as a potential future therapeutic option. DATA SOURCES Eligible studies were identified through searches of electronic databases Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid MEDLINE In-Process, Embase, PubMed, Biosis Previews, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library. STUDY SELECTION Articles obtained from the search were independently reviewed by 2 authors using specific criteria to identify experimental animal studies and in vitro experiments conducted to evaluate gene therapy for cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. No restriction was applied to publication dates or languages. DATA EXTRACTION Data extracted included experiment type, cell type, species, targeted gene, gene expression, method, administration, inner ear site evaluated, outcome measures for cytotoxicity, and significant results. RESULTS Fourteen articles were included in this review. In vitro and in vivo experiments have been performed to evaluate the potential of gene expression manipulation for cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. Twelve different genes were targeted including NTF3, GDNF, HO-1, XIAP, Trpv1, BCL2, Otos, Nfe2l2, Nox1, Nox3, Nox4, and Ctr1. All of the included articles demonstrated a benefit of gene therapy on cytotoxicity caused by cisplatin. CONCLUSION Experimental animal studies and in vitro experiments have demonstrated the efficacy of gene therapy for cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. However, further investigation regarding safety, immunogenicity, and consequences of genetic manipulation in the inner ear tissues must be completed to develop future therapeutic options.
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Dille MF, Wilmington D, McMillan GP, Helt W, Fausti SA, Konrad-Martin D. Development and validation of a cisplatin dose-ototoxicity model. J Am Acad Audiol 2012; 23:510-21. [PMID: 22992258 PMCID: PMC5549622 DOI: 10.3766/jaaa.23.7.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin is effective in the treatment of several cancers but is a known ototoxin resulting in shifts to hearing sensitivity in up to 50-60% of patients. Cisplatin-induced hearing shifts tend to occur first within an octave of a patient's high frequency hearing limit, termed the sensitive range for ototoxicity (SRO), and progress to lower frequencies. While it is currently not possible to know which patients will experience ototoxicity without testing their hearing directly, monitoring the SRO provides an early indication of damage. A tool to help forecast susceptibility to ototoxic-induced changes in the SRO in advance of each chemotherapy treatment visit may prove useful for ototoxicity monitoring efforts, patient counseling, and therapeutic planning. PURPOSE This project was designed to (1) establish pretreatment risk curves that quantify the probability that a new patient will suffer hearing loss within the SRO during treatment with cisplatin and (2) evaluate the accuracy of these predictions in an independent sample of Veterans receiving cisplatin for the treatment of cancer. STUDY SAMPLE Two study samples were used. The Developmental sample contained 23 subjects while the Validation sample consisted of 12 subjects. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Risk curve predictions for SRO threshold shifts following cisplatin exposure were developed using a Developmental sample comprised of data from a total of 155 treatment visits obtained in 45 ears of 23 Veterans. Pure-tone thresholds were obtained within each subject's SRO at each treatment visit and compared with baseline measures. The risk of incurring an SRO shift was statistically modeled as a function of factors related to chemotherapy treatment (cisplatin dose, radiation treatment, doublet medication) and patient status (age, pre-exposure hearing, cancer location and stage). The model was reduced so that only statistically significant variables were included. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were then used to determine the accuracy of the risk curve predictions in an independent Validation sample of observations from over 62 treatment visits obtained in 24 ears of 12 Veterans. RESULTS Only cumulative cisplatin dose and pre-exposure hearing were found to be significantly related to the risk for hearing shift. The dose-ototoxicity risk curve predictions developed from the Developmental sample yielded area under the ROC curve accuracy estimates of 0.85 when applied to an independent Validation sample. CONCLUSIONS Cumulative cisplatin dose in combination with pre-exposure hearing provides an indication of whether hearing will shift in the SRO in advance of cisplatin administration. The validated dose-ototoxicity risk curves described herein can be used before and during treatment to anticipate hearing loss. While having such a tool would not replace serial hearing testing, it would be of great benefit to an ototoxicity monitoring program. It would promote relevant pretreatment counseling. Furthermore, for those found to be at risk of SRO shifts within the speech frequencies, the oncology treatment plan could incorporate anticipated dosing adjustments that could stave off the impact that ototoxicity might bring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn F Dille
- VA RR&D National Center for Rehabilitative Auditory Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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Reactive oxygen species in apoptosis induced by cisplatin: review of physiopathological mechanisms in animal models. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 269:2455-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-012-2029-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Yumusakhuylu AC, Yazici M, Sari M, Binnetoglu A, Kosemihal E, Akdas F, Sirvanci S, Yuksel M, Uneri C, Tutkun A. Protective role of resveratrol against cisplatin induced ototoxicity in guinea pigs. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 76:404-8. [PMID: 22261612 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2011.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of systemic administration of resveratrol against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in guinea pigs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Healthy guinea pigs (n=24) were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1 (n=6) received resveratrol+cisplatin, group 2 (n=6) received 4% ethanol+cisplatin, group 3 (n=6) received cisplatin, and group 4 (n=6) received saline. Cisplatin was administered at a dose of 10mg/kg/day on days 14 and 15 of the study. Resveratrol (10mg/kg/day), 4% ethanol, and saline were administered throughout the study. Baseline auditory brainstem responses (ABR) (4 kHz, 8 kHz, and click stimulus) were determined for all groups. ABR was repeated 72 h after the last dose of cisplatin in order to record the threshold shifts. The ABR threshold shifts for the click stimulus, 4-kHz- and 8-kHz-frequency stimuli were compared after drug administration. After follow-up ABRs the animals sacrificed under deep sedation and their cochleae were removed. Left cochleae were immediately harvested for measurement of level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Right cochleae were prepared for histological changes which were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS For the all stimulus, there was a significant threshold difference among the groups (p<0.01). Group 3 had a significantly higher threshold shift at all stimuli when compared with groups 1 and 4. There was no significant threshold shifts in all stimuli between groups 2 and 3. The resveratrol-treated group 1 showed preservation of threshold in ABR (p ≤ 0.05). SEM showed that inner and outer hair cells were preserved in the group 1. Level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were significantly higher in groups 2 and 3 compared with groups 1 and 4 (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION These results indicated that systemic administration of resveratrol afforded statistically significant protection to the cochlea of guinea pigs from cisplatin toxicity. Experimental dose of resveratrol injections may have a protective effect against cisplatin ototoxicity in guinea pigs.
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Qu J, Li X, Wang J, Mi W, Xie K, Qiu J. Inhalation of hydrogen gas attenuates cisplatin-induced ototoxicity via reducing oxidative stress. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 76:111-5. [PMID: 22055279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2011.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cisplatin, an anticancer drug used extensively to treat a broad range of tumors, has strong ototoxic side effects induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recently, it has been reported that hydrogen gas (H(2)) is a new antioxidant by selectively reducing hydroxyl radical, the most cytotoxic ROS. The present study was designed to investigate whether H(2) treatment is beneficial to cisplatin-induced ototoxicity via reducing oxidative stress. METHODS The animals were intraperitoneally given a 30 min infusion of 16 mg/kg cisplatin or the same volume of saline. H(2) treatment was given twice with 2% H(2) inhalation for 60 min starting at 1h and 6h after cisplatin or saline injection, respectively. The hearing status of all animals was evaluated by auditory brainstem responses (ABR). The hair cell damage was observed by phalloidin staining. In addition, the levels of oxidative products in serum and cochlear tissue were measured. RESULTS We found that H(2) treatment significantly attenuated cisplatin-induced hearing loss evaluated by click-evoked and tone burst ABR threshold. Furthermore, histological analysis revealed that 2% H(2) treatment significantly alleviated cisplatin-induced hair cell damage in the organ of corti. In addition, cisplatin significantly increased the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) in serum and cochlear tissue, which was attenuated by H(2) treatment. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that H(2) is beneficial to cisplatin-induced ototoxicity via reducing oxidative stress. Therefore, H(2) has potential for improving the quality of life of patients during chemotherapy by efficiently mitigating the cisplatin ototoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Qu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
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Choi J, Im GJ, Chang J, Chae SW, Lee SH, Kwon SY, Chung AY, Park HC, Jung HH. Protective effects of apocynin on cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in an auditory cell line and in zebrafish. J Appl Toxicol 2011; 33:125-33. [PMID: 22147442 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a very effective anticancer drug and generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anions that can deplete antioxidant protective molecules in the cochlea. These processes result in the death of cochlear hair cells by induction of apoptosis. Apocynin, which is used as a specific nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase inhibitor, has a preventive effect for intracellular ROS generation. In this study, the effect of apocynin was investigated in a cochlear organ of Corti-derived cell line, HEI-OC1 cells, and in transgenic zebrafish (Brn3C: EGFP). To investigate the protective effects of apocynin, HEI-OC1 cells were treated with various concentrations of apocynin and a 20 µm concentration of cisplatin, simultaneously. An in vivo study of transgenic zebrafish (Brn3C: EGFP) was used to investigate the protective effects of apocynin on cisplatin-induced hair cell death. In an in vitro study, apocynin appeared to protect against cisplatin-induced apoptotic features on Hoechst 33258 staining in the HEI-OC1 cells. Treatment of the HEI-OC1 cells with 100 µm of apocynin, significantly decreased caspase-3 activity. Treatment of the cells with a 100 µm concentration of apocynin and a 20 µm concentration of cisplatin significantly decreased the intracellular ROS production. In the in vivo study, apocynin significantly decreased the TUNEL reaction and prevented cisplatin-induced hair cell loss of the neuromasts in the transgenic zebrafish at low concentrations (125 and 250 µm). These findings suggest that apocynin has antioxidative effects and prevents cisplatin-induced apoptotic cell death in HEI-OC1 cells as well as in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- June Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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127
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Waissbluth S, Dupuis I, Daniel SJ. Protective Effect of Erdosteine against Cisplatin-Induced Ototoxicity in a Guinea Pig Model. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2011; 146:627-32. [DOI: 10.1177/0194599811426261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Cisplatin is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent. One of its major dose-limiting side effects is ototoxicity. No treatment has yet been approved for this condition. The objective of this study was to determine the potential protective effect of a systemic administration of erdosteine against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. Study Design. A prospective controlled trial conducted in an animal model. Setting. Animal care research facilities of The Montreal Children’s Hospital Research Institute. Subjects and Methods. A total of 27 guinea pigs were assigned to 4 groups, each receiving a different concentration of intraperitoneal erdosteine: group 1 (control group; n = 9) did not receive erdosteine, group 2 (n = 6) received 100 mg/kg/d, group 3 (n = 6) received 200 mg/kg/d, and group 4 (n = 6) received 500 mg/kg/d. The animals in the experimental groups received the erdosteine injection daily for 4 days. All of the animals received 12 mg/kg of intraperitoneal cisplatin. Auditory brainstem response threshold shifts were measured at 4 frequencies (8, 16, 20, and 25 kHz) for all groups. Scanning electron microscopy and outer hair cell counts were performed to assess the protective effect of erdosteine. Results. Significant protection was observed in groups 3 and 4 at 25 kHz. These findings are supported by outer hair cell counts by scanning electron microscopy. Conclusion. A systemic administration of erdosteine appears to provide an otoprotective effect at high frequencies for cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Waissbluth
- McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill Auditory Sciences Laboratory, The Montreal Children’s Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Sam J. Daniel
- McGill Auditory Sciences Laboratory, The Montreal Children’s Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Montreal Children’s Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Johansson K, Ito M, Schophuizen CMS, Mathew Thengumtharayil S, Heuser VD, Zhang J, Shimoji M, Vahter M, Ang WH, Dyson PJ, Shibata A, Shuto S, Ito Y, Abe H, Morgenstern R. Characterization of new potential anticancer drugs designed to overcome glutathione transferase mediated resistance. Mol Pharm 2011; 8:1698-708. [PMID: 21851097 DOI: 10.1021/mp2000692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Resistance against anticancer drugs remains a serious obstacle in cancer treatment. Here we used novel strategies to target microsomal glutathione transferase 1 (MGST1) and glutathione transferase pi (GSTP) that are often overexpressed in tumors and confer resistance against a number of cytostatic drugs, including cisplatin and doxorubicin (DOX). By synthetically combining cisplatin with a GST inhibitor, ethacrynic acid, to form ethacraplatin, it was previously shown that cytosolic GST inhibition was improved and that cells became more sensitive to cisplatin. Here we show that ethacraplatin is easily taken up by the cells and can reverse cisplatin resistance in MGST1 overexpressing MCF7 cells. A second and novel strategy to overcome GST mediated resistance involves using GST releasable cytostatic drugs. Here we synthesized two derivatives of DOX, 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonyl doxorubicin (DNS-DOX) and 4-mononitrobenzenesulfonyl doxorubicin (MNS-DOX) and showed that they are substrates for MGST1 and GSTP (releasing DOX). MGST1 overexpressing cells are resistant to DOX. The resistance is partially reversed by DNS-DOX. Interestingly, the less reactive MNS-DOX was more cytotoxic to cells overexpressing MGST1 than control cells. It would appear that, by controlling the reactivity of the prodrug, and thereby the DOX release rate, selective toxicity to MGST1 overexpressing cells can be achieved. In the case of V79 cells, DOX resistance proportional to GSTP expression levels was noted. In this case, not only was drug resistance eliminated by DNS-DOX but a striking GSTP-dependent increase in toxicity was observed in the clonogenic assay. In summary, MGST1 and GSTP resistance to cytostatic drugs can be overcome and cytotoxicity can be enhanced in GST overexpressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Johansson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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129
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Harris MS, Gilbert JL, Lormore KA, Musunuru SA, Fritsch MH. Cisplatin ototoxicity affecting cochlear implant benefit. Otol Neurotol 2011; 32:969-72. [PMID: 21730884 PMCID: PMC3144856 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0b013e3182255893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Report a case of loss of cochlear implant benefit after cisplatin therapy to treat osteosarcoma. Examine the implications for the loci of cisplatin-associated cochleotoxicity. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case review. SETTING Tertiary referral center. PATIENTS Single case study. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Cochlear implant programming levels. RESULTS Increase in cochlear implant programming T- and C-levels after cisplatin therapy. CONCLUSION Cisplatin therapy likely affects spiral ganglion cells. It seems that auditory cells other than outer hair cells in the organ of Corti are affected by cisplatin because the hearing sensitivity of this patient with nonfunctioning outer hair cells declined after receiving chemotherapy. Implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Harris
- DeVault Otologic Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana, USA.
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130
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Horn CC, Henry S, Meyers K, Magnusson MS. Behavioral patterns associated with chemotherapy-induced emesis: a potential signature for nausea in musk shrews. Front Neurosci 2011; 5:88. [PMID: 21808604 PMCID: PMC3139242 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2011.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nausea and vomiting are common symptoms in patients with many diseases, including cancer and its treatments. Although the neurological basis of vomiting is reasonably well known, an understanding of the physiology of nausea is lacking. The primary barrier to mechanistic research on the nausea system is the lack of an animal model. Indeed investigating the effects of anti-nausea drugs in pre-clinical models is difficult because the primary readout is often emesis. It is known that animals show a behavioral profile of sickness, associated with reduced feeding and movement, and possibly these general measures are signs of nausea. Studies attempting to relate the occurrence of additional behaviors to emesis have produced mixed results. Here we applied a statistical method, temporal pattern (t-pattern) analysis, to determine patterns of behavior associated with emesis. Musk shrews were injected with the chemotherapy agent cisplatin (a gold standard in emesis research) to induce acute (<24 h) and delayed (>24 h) emesis. Emesis and other behaviors were coded and tracked from video files. T-pattern analysis revealed hundreds of non-random patterns of behavior associated with emesis, including sniffing, changes in body contraction, and locomotion. There was little evidence that locomotion was inhibited by the occurrence of emesis. Eating, drinking, and other larger body movements including rearing, grooming, and body rotation, were significantly less common in emesis-related behavioral patterns in real versus randomized data. These results lend preliminary evidence for the expression of emesis-related behavioral patterns, including reduced ingestive behavior, grooming, and exploratory behaviors. In summary, this statistical approach to behavioral analysis in a pre-clinical emesis research model could be used to assess the more global effects and limitations of drugs used to control nausea and its potential correlates, including reduced feeding and activity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles C Horn
- Biobehavioral Medicine in Oncology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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131
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Ohlemiller KK, Rybak Rice ME, Rosen AD, Montgomery SC, Gagnon PM. Protection by low-dose kanamycin against noise-induced hearing loss in mice: dependence on dosing regimen and genetic background. Hear Res 2011; 280:141-7. [PMID: 21645602 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2011.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that sub-chronic low-dose kanamycin (KM, 300 mg/kg sc, 2×/day, 10 days) dramatically reduces permanent noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) and hair cell loss in 1 month old CBA/J mice (Fernandez et al., 2010, J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol. 11, 235-244). Protection by KM remained for at least 48 h after the last dose, and appeared to involve a cumulative effect of multiple doses as part of a preconditioning process. The first month of life lies within the early 'sensitive period' for both cochlear noise and ototoxic injury in mice, and CBA/J mice appear exquisitely vulnerable to noise during this period (Ohlemiller et al., 2011; Hearing Res. 272, 13-20). From our initial data, we could not rule out 1) that less rigorous treatment protocols than the intensive one we applied may be equally-or more-protective; 2) that protection by KM is tightly linked to processes unique to the sensitive period for noise or ototoxins; or 3) that protection by KM is exclusive to CBA/J mice. The present experiments address these questions by varying the number and timing of fixed doses (300 mg/kg sc) of KM, as well as the age at treatment in CBA/J mice. We also tested for protection in young C57BL/6J (B6) mice. We find that nearly complete protection against at least 2 h of intense (110 dB SPL) broadband noise can be observed in CBA/J mice at least for ages up to 1 year. Reducing dosing frequency to as little as once every other day (a four-fold decrease in dosing frequency) appeared as protective as twice per day. However, reducing the number of doses to just 1 or 2, followed by noise 24 or 48 h later greatly reduced protection. Notably, hearing thresholds and hair cells in young B6 mice appeared completely unprotected by the same regimen that dramatically protects CBA/J mice. We conclude that protective effects of KM against NIHL in CBA/J mice can be engaged by a wide range of dosing regimens, and are not exclusive to the sensitive period for noise or ototoxins. While we cannot presently judge the generality of protection across genetic backgrounds, it appears not to be universal, since B6 showed no benefit. Classical genetic approaches based on CBA/J × B6 crosses may reveal loci critical to protective cascades engaged by kanamycin and perhaps other preconditioners. Their human analogs may partly determine who is at elevated risk of acquired hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin K Ohlemiller
- Fay and Carl Simons Center for Biology of Hearing and Deafness, Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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132
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Berglin CE, Pierre PV, Bramer T, Edsman K, Ehrsson H, Eksborg S, Laurell G. Prevention of cisplatin-induced hearing loss by administration of a thiosulfate-containing gel to the middle ear in a guinea pig model. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2011; 68:1547-56. [PMID: 21533919 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-011-1656-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Thiosulfate may reduce cisplatin-induced ototoxicity, most likely by relieving oxidative stress and by forming inactive platinum complexes. This study aimed to determine the concentration and protective effect of thiosulfate in the cochlea after application of a thiosulfate-containing high viscosity formulation of sodium hyaluronan (HYA gel) to the middle ear prior to i.v. injection of cisplatin in a guinea pig model. METHODS The release of thiosulfate (0.1 M) from HYA gel (0.5% w/w) was explored in vitro. Thiosulfate in the scala tympani perilymph of the cochlea 1 and 3 h after application of thiosulfate in HYA gel to the middle ear was quantified with HPLC and fluorescence detection. Thiosulfate in blood and CSF was also explored. The potential otoprotective effect was evaluated by hair cell count after treatment with thiosulfate in HYA gel applied to the middle ear 3 h prior to cisplatin injection (8 mg/kg b.w.). RESULTS HYA did not impede the release of thiosulfate. Middle ear administration of thiosulfate in HYA gel gave high concentrations in the scala tympani perilymph while maintaining low levels in blood, and it protected against cisplatin-induced hair cell loss. CONCLUSION HYA gel is an effective vehicle for administration of thiosulfate to the middle ear. Local application of a thiosulfate-containing HYA gel reduces the ototoxicity of cisplatin most likely without compromising its antineoplastic effect. This provides a minimally invasive protective treatment that can easily be repeated if necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Engmér Berglin
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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133
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Yazici ZM, Meric A, Midi A, Arınc YV, Kahya V, Hafız G. Reduction of cisplatin ototoxicity in rats by oral administration of pomegranate extract. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2011; 269:45-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-011-1582-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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135
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Ohlemiller KK, Rybak Rice ME, Rellinger EA, Ortmann AJ. Divergence of noise vulnerability in cochleae of young CBA/J and CBA/CaJ mice. Hear Res 2010; 272:13-20. [PMID: 21108998 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2010.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
CBA/CaJ and CBA/J inbred mouse strains appear relatively resistant to age- and noise-related cochlear pathology, and constitute the predominant 'good hearing' control strains in mouse studies of hearing and deafness. These strains have often been treated as nearly equivalent in their hearing characteristics, and have even been mixed in some studies. Nevertheless, we recently showed that their trajectories with regard to age-associated cochlear pathology diverge after one year of age (Ohlemiller et al., 2010a). We also recently reported that they show quite different susceptibility to cochlear noise injury during the 'sensitive period' of heightened vulnerability to noise common to many models, CBA/J being far more vulnerable than CBA/CaJ (Fernandez et al., 2010 J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol. 11:235-244). Here we explore this relation in a side-by-side comparison of the effect of varying noise exposure duration in young (6 week) and older (6 month) CBA/J and CBA/CaJ mice, and in F1 hybrids formed from these. Both the extent of permanent noise-induced threshold shifts (NIPTS) and the probability of a defined NIPTS were determined as exposure to intense broadband noise (4-45 kHz, 110 dB SPL) increased by factors of two from 7 s to 4 h. At 6 months of age the two strains appeared very similar by both measures. At 6 weeks of age, however, both the extent and probability of NIPTS grew much more rapidly with noise duration in CBA/J than in CBA/CaJ. The 'threshold' exposure duration for NIPTS was <1.0 min in CBA/J versus >4.0 min in CBA/CaJ. F1 hybrid mice showed both NIPTS and hair cell loss similar to that in CBA/J. This suggests that dominant-acting alleles at unknown loci distinguish CBA/J from CBA/CaJ. These loci have novel effects on hearing phenotype, as they come into play only during the sensitive period, and may encode factors that demarcate this period. Since the cochlear cells whose fragility defines the early window appear to be hair cells, these loci may principally impact the mechanical or metabolic resiliency of hair cells or the organ of Corti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin K Ohlemiller
- Program in Audiology and Communication Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, United States.
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136
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Im GJ, Chang JW, Choi J, Chae SW, Ko EJ, Jung HH. Protective effect of Korean red ginseng extract on cisplatin ototoxicity in HEI-OC1 auditory cells. Phytother Res 2010; 24:614-21. [PMID: 20020438 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ginseng extract is known to have many beneficial effects, including the reversal of pathological and physiological changes induced by ischemia, stress, and aging. Cisplatin, an effective antineoplastic drug, can cause irreversible sensorineural hearing loss and serious tinnitus in humans; thus cisplatin-induced ototoxicity is a useful experimental model for ototoxicity. This study investigated the protective effects of Korean red ginseng extract on cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in auditory cells. Pretreatment with 2.5 mg/mL of ginseng extract prior to application of 20 microM of cisplatin significantly increased cell viability after 48 h of incubation in auditory cells. Pretreatment with ginseng extract significantly attenuated the cisplatin-induced increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS). Ginseng extract also inhibited the expression of caspase-3 and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase related to cisplatin-induced apoptosis because a major mechanism of cisplatin-induced toxicity involves ROS production. Thus, Korean red ginseng extract can play both an anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidative role on cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in an auditory cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi Jung Im
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1 Anam-dong 5-Ga, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, Korea
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Cho KS, Joung JY, Seo HK, Cho IC, Chung HS, Chung J, Lee KH. Renal safety and efficacy of cisplatin-based chemotherapy in patients with a solitary kidney after nephroureterectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2010; 67:769-74. [PMID: 20532510 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-010-1349-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Accepted: 04/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Little information is available about changes in renal function after cisplatin-based chemotherapy (CBCT) in patients with a solitary kidney. The authors evaluated the renal safety and efficacy of CBCT after nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract-urothelial carcinoma (UUT-UC). METHODS The data of patients who underwent nephroureterectomy for UUT-UC and received CBCT for adjuvant and/or palliative treatment were reviewed. Renal function changes and renal function-related adverse events (AEs) were analyzed, and objective tumor responses were assessed. RESULTS Sixty patients were enrolled, and a median of 6 cycles (1-22) of CBCT were administered. After the 3rd cycle of CBCT, serum creatinine levels were significantly higher than at baseline, whereas mean creatinine clearances and estimated glomerular filtration rates were significantly lower. These renal function indicators also tended to be lower than baseline after the 6th-21st cycles, but these decreases were not significant. Significant AEs (≥grade 2) occurred in 10 patients (16.7%), and serious AEs (≥grade 3) developed in two that required temporary hemodialysis. Univariate analysis revealed that a low estimated glomerular filtration rate at baseline was related to the occurrence of a significant renal AE with borderline significance (Hazard ratio = 3.284, P = 0.100). The overall tumor response rate was 30.2%, and tumor response rates of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd line therapies were 36.4, 25.0, and 12.5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Cisplatin-based chemotherapy can be administered in the majority of patients with UUT-UC with a solitary kidney after nephroureterectomy without inducing a serious AE, and provides acceptable efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Su Cho
- Urologic Oncology Clinic, Center for Prostate Cancer, National Cancer Center, 111 Jungbalsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea
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138
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Abstract
Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent that is widely used in the treatment of solid tumors. Ototoxicity is a common side effect of cisplatin therapy and often leads to permanent hearing loss. The sensory organs of the avian ear are able to regenerate hair cells after aminoglycoside ototoxicity. This regenerative response is mediated by supporting cells, which serve as precursors to replacement hair cells. Given the antimitotic properties of cisplatin, we examined whether the avian ear was also capable of regeneration after cisplatin ototoxicity. Using cell and organ cultures of the chick cochlea and utricle, we found that cisplatin treatment caused apoptosis of both auditory and vestibular hair cells. Hair cell death in the cochlea occurred in a unique pattern, progressing from the low-frequency (distal) region toward the high-frequency (proximal) region. We also found that cisplatin caused a dose-dependent reduction in the proliferation of cultured supporting cells as well as increased apoptosis in those cells. As a result, we observed no recovery of hair cells after ototoxic injury caused by cisplatin. Finally, we explored the potential for nonmitotic hair cell recovery via activation of Notch pathway signaling. Treatment with the gamma-secretase inhibitor N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-L-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester failed to promote the direct transdifferentiation of supporting cells into hair cells in cisplatin-treated utricles. Taken together, our data show that cisplatin treatment causes maintained changes to inner ear supporting cells and severely impairs the ability of the avian ear to regenerate either via proliferation or by direct transdifferentiation.
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139
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Poirrier A, Van den Ackerveken P, Kim T, Vandenbosch R, Nguyen L, Lefebvre P, Malgrange B. Ototoxic drugs: Difference in sensitivity between mice and guinea pigs. Toxicol Lett 2010; 193:41-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2009] [Revised: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 12/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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140
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Kovacic P, Somanathan R. Unifying mechanism for metals in toxicity, carcinogenicity and therapeutic action: integrated approach involving electron transfer, oxidative stress, antioxidants, cell signaling and receptors. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2010; 30:51-60. [DOI: 10.3109/10799890903582578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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142
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Sulg M, Kirjavainen A, Pajusola K, Bueler H, Ylikoski J, Laiho M, Pirvola U. Differential sensitivity of the inner ear sensory cell populations to forced cell cycle re-entry and p53 induction. J Neurochem 2009; 112:1513-26. [PMID: 20050971 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06563.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the maintenance of post-mitotic state is critical for the life-long survival of the inner ear mechanosensory cells, the hair cells. A general concept is that differentiated, post-mitotic cells rapidly die following cell cycle re-entry. Here we have compared the response of postnatal cochlear (auditory) and utricular (balance) hair cells to forced cell cycle reactivation and p53 up-regulation. Forced S-phase entry was triggered through the human papillomavirus-16 E7 oncogene misexpression in explant cultures. It induced DNA damage and p53 induction in cochlear outer hair cells and these cells were rapidly lost, before entry into mitosis. The death was attenuated by p53 inactivation. In contrast, despite DNA damage and p53 induction, utricular hair cells showed longer term survival and a proportion of them progressed into mitosis. Consistently, pharmacological elevation of p53 levels by nutlin-3a led to a death-prone phenotype of cochlear outer hair cells, while other hair cell populations were death-resistant. These data have important clinical implications as they show the importance of p53 in sensory cells that are essential in hearing function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilin Sulg
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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143
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Hernlund E, Kutuk O, Basaga H, Linder S, Panaretakis T, Shoshan M. Cisplatin-induced nitrosylation of p53 prevents its mitochondrial translocation. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 46:1607-13. [PMID: 19328230 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2008] [Revised: 01/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The cellular response to DNA damage has been reported to involve rapid transcription-independent translocation of p53 to mitochondria. We show here that the DNA-damaging cisplatin-derived anticancer agent oxaliplatin induced both mitochondrial translocation and subsequent Bcl-xL interaction, whereas cisplatin did neither. The differential response was due to nitrosative modification of p53. Thus, cisplatin, but not oxaliplatin, induced increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Cisplatin treatment in the presence of an iNOS inhibitor (1400W) allowed p53 mitochondrial translocation. Conversely, oxaliplatin-induced translocation of p53 was prevented by cotreatment with an exogenous NO donor. In cisplatin-treated cells, nuclear but not mitochondrial p53 showed nitrotyrosinylation that was inhibitable by 1400W. We conclude that nitrosative protein modification is more prominent in the response to cisplatin than oxaliplatin and that nitrosative modification of p53 is a major determinant of p53 subcellular location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Hernlund
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, CCK, Karolinska Institute, S-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
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144
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Ricart AD, Sarantopoulos J, Calvo E, Chu QS, Greene D, Nathan FE, Petrone ME, Tolcher AW, Papadopoulos KP. Satraplatin, an Oral Platinum, Administered on a Five-day Every-Five-Week Schedule: a Pharmacokinetic and Food Effect Study. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:3866-71. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-2373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wesierska-Gadek J, Wandl S, Kramer MP, Pickem C, Krystof V, Hajek SB. Roscovitine up-regulates p53 protein and induces apoptosis in human HeLaS(3) cervix carcinoma cells. J Cell Biochem 2009; 105:1161-71. [PMID: 18846503 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of human HeLaS(3) cervix carcinoma cells to high doses of conventional cytostatic drugs, e.g. cisplatin (CP) strongly inhibits their proliferation. However, most cytostatic agents are genotoxic and may generate a secondary malignancy. Therefore, therapeutic strategy using alternative, not cytotoxic drugs would be beneficial. Inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) by pharmacological inhibitors became recently a promising therapeutic option. Roscovitine (ROSC), a selective CDK inhibitor, efficiently targets human malignant cells. ROSC induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells. ROSC also activates p53 protein. Activation of p53 tumor suppressor protein is essential for induction of apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Considering the fact that in HeLaS(3) cells wt p53 is inactivated by the action of HPV-encoded E6 oncoprotein, we addressed the question whether ROSC would be able to reactivate p53 protein in them. Their exposure to ROSC for 24 h induced cell cycle arrest at G(2)/M and reduced the number of viable cells. Unlike CP, ROSC in the used doses did not induce DNA damage and was not directly cytotoxic. Despite lack of detectable DNA lesions, ROSC activated wt p53 protein. The increase of p53 levels was attributable to the ROSC-mediated protein stabilization. Further analyses revealed that ROSC induced site-specific phosphorylation of p53 protein at Ser46. After longer exposure, ROSC induced apoptosis in HeLaS(3) cells. These results indicate that therapy of HeLaS(3) cells by ROSC could offer an advantage over that by CP due to its increased selectivity and markedly reduced risk of generation of a secondary cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Józefa Wesierska-Gadek
- Cell Cycle Regulation Group, Div.: Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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146
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Cisplatin impairs rat liver mitochondrial functions by inducing changes on membrane ion permeability: prevention by thiol group protecting agents. Toxicology 2009; 259:18-24. [PMID: 19428939 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2009.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Revised: 01/19/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin (CisPt) is the most important platinum anticancer drug widely used in the treatment of head, neck, ovarian and testicular cancers. However, the mechanisms by which CisPt induces cytotoxicity, namely hepatotoxicity, are not completely understood. The goal of this study was to investigate the influence of CisPt on rat liver mitochondrial functions (Ca(2+)-induced mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT), mitochondrial bioenergetics, and mitochondrial oxidative stress) to better understand the mechanism underlying its hepatotoxicity. The effect of thiol group protecting agents and some antioxidants against CisPt-induced mitochondrial damage was also investigated. Treatment of rat liver mitochondria with CisPt (20nmol/mg protein) induced Ca(2+)-dependent mitochondrial swelling, depolarization of membrane potential (DeltaPsi), Ca(2+) release, and NAD(P)H fluorescence intensity decay. These effects were prevented by cyclosporine A (CyA), a potent and specific inhibitor of the MPT. In the concentration range of up to 40nmol/mg protein, CisPt slightly inhibited state 3 and stimulated state 2 and state 4 respiration rates using succinate as respiratory substrate. The respiratory indexes, respiratory control ratio (RCR) and ADP/O ratios, the DeltaPsi, and the ADP phosphorylation rate were also depressed. CisPt induced mitochondrial inner membrane permeabilization to protons (proton leak) but did not induce significant changes on mitochondrial H(2)O(2) generation. All the effects induced by CisPt on rat liver mitochondria were prevented by thiol group protecting agents namely, glutathione (GSH), dithiothreitol (DTT), N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and cysteine (CYS), whereas superoxide-dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate (ASC) were without effect. In conclusion, the anticancer drug CisPt: (1) increases the sensitivity of mitochondria to Ca(2+)-induced MPT; (2) interferes with mitochondrial bioenergetics by increasing mitochondrial inner membrane permeabilization to H(+); (3) does not significantly affect H(2)O(2) generation by mitochondria; (4) its mitochondrial damaging effects are protected by thiol group protecting agents. Based on these conclusions, it is possible to hypothesise that small changes on the redox-status of thiol groups, affecting membrane permeability to cations (Ca(2+) and H(+)) underlie CisPt-induced liver mitochondrial damage, putatively responsible for its hepatotoxicity. Therefore, we propose that CisPt-induced mitochondrial damage and consequent hepatotoxicity could be prevented by using thiol group protecting agents as therapeutic adjuvants.
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147
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Swan EEL, Mescher MJ, Sewell WF, Tao SL, Borenstein JT. Inner ear drug delivery for auditory applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2008; 60:1583-99. [PMID: 18848590 PMCID: PMC2657604 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2008.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2008] [Accepted: 08/21/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many inner ear disorders cannot be adequately treated by systemic drug delivery. A blood-cochlear barrier exists, similar physiologically to the blood-brain barrier, which limits the concentration and size of molecules able to leave the circulation and gain access to the cells of the inner ear. However, research in novel therapeutics and delivery systems has led to significant progress in the development of local methods of drug delivery to the inner ear. Intratympanic approaches, which deliver therapeutics to the middle ear, rely on permeation through tissue for access to the structures of the inner ear, whereas intracochlear methods are able to directly insert drugs into the inner ear. Innovative drug delivery systems to treat various inner ear ailments such as ototoxicity, sudden sensorineural hearing loss, autoimmune inner ear disease, and for preserving neurons and regenerating sensory cells are being explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Leary Swan
- Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, 555 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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