101
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Shen YF, Liu L, Feng CZ, Hu Y, Chen C, Wang GX, Zhu B. Synthesis and antiviral activity of a new coumarin derivative against spring viraemia of carp virus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 81:57-66. [PMID: 29981474 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Coumarin as a lead structure have received a considerable attention in the last three decades for the discovery of antiviral agents. Our previous study indicated that imidazole coumarins possessed antiviral activities against SVCV. Based on the structure-activity relationship in that study, a new imidazole coumarin derivative, 7-(4-benzimidazole-butoxy)-coumarin (BBC), was designed, synthesized and its anti-SVCV activity was evaluated. By comparing inhibitory concentration at half-maximal activity (IC50), we found that BBC (IC50 = 0.56 mg/L) possessed a higher antiviral activity than those imidazole coumarins in our previous study. Besides, BBC can significantly inhibit cell death and reduce cellular morphological damage induced by SVCV. Our further data indicated that intraperitoneal injection of BBC increased the survival rate of zebrafish by 17.5%, decreased viral titer in fish body and inhibited SVCV glycoprotein expression in kidney and spleen. In uninfected zebrafish, the expression levels of ifnγ, ifnφ1, ifnφ2 and rig1 genes were up-regulated after BBC treatment, which indicated that BBC could activate interferon response. In addition, data of the antioxidant enzymes activities and results of the antioxidant enzymes-related genes expressions suggested BBC could reduce SVCV-induced oxidative damage in infected zebrafish. Altogether, BBC is expected to be a therapeutic agent against SVCV infection in the field of aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Chen-Zhang Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yang Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Gao-Xue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Bin Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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102
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Zhang C, Li LH, Wang J, Zhao Z, Li J, Tu X, Huang AG, Wang GX, Zhu B. Enhanced protective immunity against spring viremia of carp virus infection can be induced by recombinant subunit vaccine conjugated to single-walled carbon nanotubes. Vaccine 2018; 36:6334-6344. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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103
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Zhang C, Zhao Z, Liu GY, Li J, Wang GX, Zhu B. Immune response and protective effect against spring viremia of carp virus induced by intramuscular vaccination with a SWCNTs-DNA vaccine encoding matrix protein. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 79:256-264. [PMID: 29777766 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To elicit the immune protective of vaccine against the highly contagious and pathogenic disease caused by spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV), a novel functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were applied as a delivery vehicle for DNA vaccine. In this study, we report a SWCNTs-DNA vaccine encoding matrix protein of SVCV which, when injected in the muscle at a dose of 10 μg SWCNTs-pcDNA-M vaccine, confers up to 51.3% protection against intraperitoneal challenge with SVCV. In addition, SWCNTs as a promising vehicle can enhance about 17.5% of the immune protective effect in SWCNTs-pcDNA-M vaccinated common carp compared with fish injected with naked pcDNA-M DNA vaccine. In addition, serum antibody production, none specific immunity parameters (complement activity, superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), acid phosphatase activity (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase activity (AKP)) and immune-related genes were used to verify the enhancement immune response induced in SWCNTs-pcDNA-M vaccinated fish, herein all these mentioned immune activities were significantly enhanced after immunization. Thereby, it is revealed that the M gene of SVCV could be used as an antigen for DNA vaccine constructs, and SWCNTs could be a candidate DNA vaccine carrier to enhance the immunological response against fish disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhao Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Gao-Yang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Gao-Xue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Bin Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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104
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Godahewa GI, Lee S, Kim J, Perera NCN, Kim MJ, Kwon MG, Jee BY, Hwang SD, Lee J. Analysis of complete genome and pathogenicity studies of the spring viremia of carp virus isolated from common carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides): An indication of SVC disease threat in Korea. Virus Res 2018; 255:105-116. [PMID: 30009849 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A batch of wild common carp and largemouth bass died in Andong, Gyeongsangbuk-do province, South Korea, in 2016. Moribund fish showed typical signs of spring viremia of carp (SVC) disease, which causes acute hemorrhage in the skin and ascites. Thus far, SVC disease has been detected in several regions of the world but never in South Korea. Suspecting the infectious agent to be the SCV virus (SVCV), the moribund fish were sampled and screened. The isolated virus developed a cytopathic effect in EPC cells. Both viral isolates from the common carp (ADC-SVC2016-1) and largemouth bass (ADC-SVC2016-3) were identical in terms of their genome sequence, which were 11,034 bp nucleotides in length. Genome comparison exhibited greater sequence similarity with the Asian SVCV sequences available at NCBI. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Korean SVCV isolates were clustered within the Asian clade. More specifically, evolutionary analysis by using the P gene sequences showed that the Korean isolates were sub-cladded within the Iai genogroup but diverged from Chinese strains of SH150514 and SH160901. The Korean isolates shared more than 98% sequence similarity with the two Chinese SVCV isolates, suggesting that the spread of SVCV originated from China. The isolated virus had cytopathic effects on EPC cells. Virus transmission studies showed that the virus exhibited the highest virulence at 15 °C, which was also dependent on the method used, with the injection method being better than the immersion and cohabitation methods. This is the first study to document that Korean SVCV isolates may be epizootic in wild common carp and other susceptible animal populations in South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- G I Godahewa
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongdo Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongeun Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - N C N Perera
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Jin Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun Gyeong Kwon
- Aquatic Disease Control Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Young Jee
- Aquatic Disease Control Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Don Hwang
- Aquatic Disease Control Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea.
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105
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Complete genome sequence and phylogenetic analysis of spring viremia of carp virus isolated from leather carp (Cyprinus carpio nudus) in Korea in 2016. Arch Virol 2018; 163:2917-2919. [PMID: 29946743 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3919-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Spring viremia of carp (SVC) is listed as a notifiable viral disease by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). In 2016, the first official SVC outbreak was detected in the city of Gyeongsan, Korea. The present study reports the first complete genome analysis of SVC virus (SVCV, ADC-SVC2016-5) isolated from leather carp (Cyprinus carpio nudus). The results revealed that ADC-SVC2016-5 has a 11,029-bp genome containing five genes: N, P, M, G, and L. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that ADC-SVC2016-5 (accession number MG663512), isolated from leather carp, was closely related to genogroup Ia isolates of the Asian clade. This report provides additional information for studying the molecular epidemiology and evolution of spring viremia of carp virus.
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106
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Cheng C, Yu-Feng S, Yang H, Lei L, Wei-Chao C, Gao-Xue W, Bin Z. Highly efficient inhibition of spring viraemia of carp virus replication in vitro mediated by bavachin, a major constituent of psoralea corlifonia Lynn. Virus Res 2018; 255:24-35. [PMID: 29913251 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
As one of nine piscine viruses recognized by the International Office of Epizootics, spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) is an important pathogen bringing high mortality to cyprinids. Up to now, there is no approved therapy on SVCV, making them strong public health threat in aquaculture. In this study, the anti-SVCV activities of 12 plant crude extracts were investigated by using epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells. Among these plants, Psoralea corylifolia Linn. showed the highest inhibition on SVCV replication, with an inhibitory percentage of 67.98%. Further studies demonstrated that bavachin (BVN), one of the major constituents of Psoralea corylifolia Linn., was also highly effective to SVCV infection. The half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of BVN on SVCV glycoprotein and nucleoprotein expression were 0.46 (0.29-0.73) and 0.31 (0.13-0.55) mg/L, respectively. In addition, SVCV-induced apoptosis which may be negative to SVCV replication was inhibited by BVN. The apoptotic cells were decreased 21.42% for BVN compared with SVCV group. These results indicated that the inhibition of BVN on SVCV replication was, in some extent, via blocking SVCV induced apoptosis. Furthermore, cellular morphological damage induced by SVCV was also blocked by BVN treatment. Mechanistically, BVN did not affect SVCV infectivity and cannot be used for prevention of SVCV infection. Time-of-addition and viral binding assays revealed that BVN mainly inhibited the early events of SVCV replication but did not interfere with SVCV adsorption. In conclusion, BVN was considered to develop as a promising agent to treat SVCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shen Yu-Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Liu Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chen Wei-Chao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wang Gao-Xue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Zhu Bin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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107
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Gotesman M, Menanteau-Ledouble S, Saleh M, Bergmann SM, El-Matbouli M. A new age in AquaMedicine: unconventional approach in studying aquatic diseases. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:178. [PMID: 29879957 PMCID: PMC5992843 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1501-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marine and aquaculture industries are important sectors of the food production and global trade. Unfortunately, the fish food industry is challenged with a plethora of infectious pathogens. The freshwater and marine fish communities are rapidly incorporating novel and most up to date techniques for detection, characterization and treatment strategies. Rapid detection of infectious diseases is important in preventing large disease outbreaks. MAIN TEXT One hundred forty-six articles including reviews papers were analyzed and their conclusions evaluated in the present paper. This allowed us to describe the most recent development research regarding the control of diseases in the aquatic environment as well as promising avenues that may result in beneficial developments. For the characterization of diseases, traditional sequencing and histological based methods have been augmented with transcriptional and proteomic studies. Recent studies have demonstrated that transcriptional based approaches using qPCR are often synergistic to expression based studies that rely on proteomic-based techniques to better understand pathogen-host interactions. Preventative therapies that rely on prophylactics such as vaccination with protein antigens or attenuated viruses are not always feasible and therefore, the development of therapies based on small nucleotide based medicine is on the horizon. Of those, RNAi or CRISPR/Cas- based therapies show great promise in combating various types of diseases caused by viral and parasitic agents that effect aquatic and fish medicine. CONCLUSIONS In our modern times, when the marine industry has become so vital for feed and economic stability, even the most extreme alternative treatment strategies such as the use of small molecules or even the use of disease to control invasive species populations should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gotesman
- Department of Biology, New York City College of Technology of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Simon Menanteau-Ledouble
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mona Saleh
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sven M Bergmann
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Mansour El-Matbouli
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
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108
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Zhao L, Qi L, Li C, Li L, Jin L, Yuan J. SVCV impairs mitochondria complex Ⅲ resulting in accumulation of hydrogen peroxide. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 75:58-65. [PMID: 29410243 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) is a deadly pathogen of common carp. SVCV infection is found to be associated with excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and induces oxidative stress in EPC and FHM cells, which contributes to its pathogenesis. In this study, ROS production and mitochondria function as well as antioxidant enzymes in mitochondria were investigated during SVCV infection in EPC cells. Dysfunction of mitochondria and inactivation of mitochondria electron transport chain complex Ⅲ to augment O2-∙ and H2O2 accumulation were observed in SVCV infected EPC cells. Treatment of Antimycin A reduced the activity of mitochondria complex Ⅲ in EPC cells, which also inhibited the transcription of SVCV glycoprotein gene (SVCV-G) and production of SVCV. Our studies explain the production of ROS following SVCV infection and also suggest that integrate mitochondrial function is important for SVCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutan Zhao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Qi
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Li
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China; Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Jin
- Department of Biomedicine Science, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97330, USA
| | - Junfa Yuan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China; Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China; Hubei Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
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109
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Yang YZ, Zhao Y, Yang L, Yu LP, Wang H, Ji XS. Characterization of 2-Cys peroxiredoxin 3 and 4 in common carp and the immune response against bacterial infection. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 217:60-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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110
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Shen YF, Liu L, Chen WC, Hu Y, Zhu B, Wang GX. Evaluation on the antiviral activity of arctigenin against spring viraemia of carp virus. AQUACULTURE (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 483:252-262. [PMID: 32287458 PMCID: PMC7126542 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) causes high morality in several economically important cyprinid fishes, but there is no approved therapy up to now. To address the urgent need for therapeutics to combat SVCV infection, we investigated the anti-SVCV activities of 12 natural compounds and 7 common antiviral agents using epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells in this study. From the 19 compounds, we identified arctigenin (ARG) has the highest inhibition on SVCV replication, with maximum inhibitory percentage on SVCV > 90%. And the 48 h half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of ARG on SVCV glycoprotein and nucleoprotein were 0.29 (0.22-0.39) and 0.35 (0.29-0.41) mg/L respectively. In addition, ARG significantly reduced SVCV-induced apoptosis and recovered SVCV-activated caspase-3/8/9 activity. Further, cellular morphological damage induced by SVCV was blocked by ARG treatment. Mechanistically, ARG did not affect SVCV infectivity. Moreover, ARG could not induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which plays an antiviral role on SVCV. Interestingly, SVCV-induced autophagy which is necessary for virus replication was inhibited by ARG treatment. These results indicated that the inhibition of ARG on SVCV replication was, at least in part, via blocking SVCV-induced autophagy. Taken together, ARG has the potential to work as an agent for protecting economically important fishes against SVCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wei-Chao Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yang Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Gao-Xue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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111
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Adamek M, Hazerli D, Matras M, Teitge F, Reichert M, Steinhagen D. Viral infections in common carp lead to a disturbance of mucin expression in mucosal tissues. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 71:353-358. [PMID: 29054826 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In response to the constant challenge by potential pathogens, external surfaces of fish, their skin, gills and intestinal tract, are coated with mucus, a gel like substance which largely prevents the entry of pathogens. This mucus gel consists mainly of water and mucins, large O-glycosylated proteins, which are responsible for forming a gel like mixture. A modulation of the mRNA expression of mucins, was described in viral diseases in mammals however there is a knowledge gap about the regulation of mucins during viral infection in fish. Therefore, novel sequences for common carp mucins were located in an early version of the common carp genome and their mRNA expression measured in carp under infection with three different viral pathogens: (i) the alloherpesvirus cyprinid herpesvirus 3, (ii) the rhabdovirus spring viremia of carp virus and (iii) the poxvirus carp edema virus. The results showed a downregulation of mucin mRNA expression in gills and gut of common carp under infection with these pathogenic viruses. This could be a sign of a severe distress to the mucosal tissues in carp which occurs under viral infection. The reduced expression of mucins could help explaining the increased susceptibility of virus-infected carp to secondary bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikolaj Adamek
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Dennis Hazerli
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Marek Matras
- Laboratory of Fish Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Felix Teitge
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Michal Reichert
- Laboratory of Fish Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Dieter Steinhagen
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
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112
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Zhang C, Zhao Z, Zha JW, Wang GX, Zhu B. Single-walled carbon nanotubes as delivery vehicles enhance the immunoprotective effect of a DNA vaccine against spring viremia of carp virus in common carp. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 71:191-201. [PMID: 29017940 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) is highly contagious and pathogenic to cyprinid fish, causing enormous economic losses in aquaculture. Efficient and economic prophylactic measure against is the most pressing desired for the common carp farming industry. In this research, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as a candidate DNA vaccine carrier was administrated via bath (1, 5, 10, 20, 40 mg L-1) or injection (1, 4, 8, 12, 20 μg) in common carp juvenile, and the different immune treatments to induce immunoprotective effect was analyzed. The results showed that higher levels of transcription and expression of G gene could be detected in muscle, spleen and kidney tissues via bath administration or intramuscular injection in SWCNTs-pEGFP-G treatment groups compared with naked pEGFP-G treatment groups. Meanwhile, complement activity, superoxide dismutase activity, alkaline phosphatase activity, immune-related genes (especially the TNF-α) and antibody levels were significantly enhanced in fish immunized with DNA vaccine combined with SWCNTs. The relative percentage survival were significantly enhanced in fish bathed with SWCNTs-pEGFP-G vaccine and the relative percentage survival reached to 57.5% in SWCNTs-pEGFP-G group than that of naked pEGFP-G (40.0%) at the highest vaccine dose (40 mg L-1) after 22 days of post infection, and fish in bath immunization group at a concentration of 40 mg L-1 could reach the similar relative percentage survival in injection group at a dose of 12 μg. This study suggest that ammonium-functionalized SWCNTs is the promising carrier for DNA vaccine and might be used to vaccinate large-scale juvenile fish by bath administration approach in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhao Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Ji-Wei Zha
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Gao-Xue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Bin Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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113
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Zhao JZ, Xu LM, Liu M, Zhang ZY, Yin JS, Liu HB, Lu TY. Autophagy induced by infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus inhibits intracellular viral replication and extracellular viral yields in epithelioma papulosum cyprini cell line. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 77:88-94. [PMID: 28760360 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is a common pathogen that causes severe disease in the salmonid aquaculture industry. Recent work demonstrated that autophagy plays an important role in pathogen invasion by activating innate and adaptive immunity. This study investigated the relationship between IHNV and autophagy in epithelioma papulosum cyprini cells. The electron microscopy results show that IHNV infection can induce typical autophagosomes which are representative structures of autophagy activation. The punctate accumulation of green fluorescence-tagged microtubule-associate protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and the protein conversion from LC3-I to LC3-II were respectively confirmed by confocal fluorescence microscopy and western blotting. Furthermore, the effects of autophagy on IHNV replication were also clarified by altering the autophagy pathway. The results showed that rapamycin induced autophagy can inhibit both intracellular viral replication and extracellular viral yields, while autophagy inhibitor produced the opposite results. These findings demonstrated that autophagy plays an antiviral role during IHNV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Zhuang Zhao
- Heilongjiang River Fishery Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, PR China.
| | - Li-Ming Xu
- Heilongjiang River Fishery Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, PR China.
| | - Miao Liu
- Heilongjiang River Fishery Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, PR China.
| | - Zhen-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Jia-Sheng Yin
- Heilongjiang River Fishery Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, PR China.
| | - Hong-Bai Liu
- Heilongjiang River Fishery Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, PR China.
| | - Tong-Yan Lu
- Heilongjiang River Fishery Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, PR China.
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114
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Wang Y, Zhang H, Lu Y, Wang F, Liu L, Liu J, Liu X. Comparative transcriptome analysis of zebrafish (Danio rerio) brain and spleen infected with spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 69:35-45. [PMID: 28757199 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) is the pathogen of spring viremia of carp (SVC) and often causes acute hemorrhagic symptoms in various kinds of cyprinids and induces serious environmental and economic losses. However, the molecular mechanisms of infection remain poorly understood, especially at the individual level. In this study, zebrafish was employed as the infection model to explore the pathogenesis of SVCV. 4 groups of zebrafish tissues were set and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) technology was employed to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after SVCV-infection. A total of 360,971,498 clean reads were obtained from 12 samples, 382 DEGs in the brain and 926 DEGs in the spleen were identified. These DEGs were annotated into three ontologies after gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that these DEGs were primarily related to Influenza A pathway and Herpes simplex infection pathway in brain and Tuberculosis and Toxoplasmosis pathways in spleen, and all of these pathways may be involved in response to pathogen invasion. At the same time, 3' and 5' alternative splicing (AS) events were significantly up-regulated in the spleen. The transcriptome analysis results demonstrated changes and tissue-specific influences caused by SVCV in vivo, which provided us with more information to understand the complex relationships between SVCV and its host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeda Wang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuanan Lu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Fang Wang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liyue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, China Zebrafish Resource Center, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jingxia Liu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xueqin Liu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430070, China.
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115
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Bello-Perez M, Falco A, Medina-Gali R, Pereiro P, Encinar JA, Novoa B, Perez L, Coll J. Neutralization of viral infectivity by zebrafish c-reactive protein isoforms. Mol Immunol 2017; 91:145-155. [PMID: 28915434 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This work explores the unexpected in vivo and in vitro anti-viral functions of the seven c-reactive protein (crp1-7) genes of zebrafish (Danio rerio). First results showed heterogeneous crp1-7 transcript levels in healthy wild-type zebrafish tissues and organs and how those levels heterogeneously changed not only after bacterial but also after viral infections, including those in adaptive immunity-deficient rag1-/- mutants. As shown by microarray hybridization and proteomic techniques, crp2/CRP2 and crp5/CRP5 transcripts/proteins were among the most modulated during in vivo viral infection situations including the highest responses in the absence of adaptive immunity. In contrast crp1/CRP1/and crp7/CRP7 very often remained unmodulated. All evidences suggested that zebrafish crp2-6/CRP2-6 may have in vivo anti-viral activities in addition to their well known anti-bacterial and/or physiological functions in mammalians. Confirming those expectations, in vitro neutralization and in vivo protection against spring viremia carp virus (SVCV) infections were demonstrated by crp2-6/CRP2-6 using crp1-7 transfected and/or CRP1-7-enriched supernatant-treated fish cells and crp2-5-injected one-cell stage embryo eggs, respectively. All these findings discovered a crp1-7/CRP1-7 primitive anti-viral functional diversity.These findings may help to study similar functions on the one-gene-coded human CRP, which is widely used as a clinical biomarker for bacterial infections, tissue inflammation and coronary heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Bello-Perez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández (IBMC-UMH). Elche, Spain.
| | - Alberto Falco
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández (IBMC-UMH). Elche, Spain.
| | - Regla Medina-Gali
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández (IBMC-UMH). Elche, Spain.
| | | | - Jose Antonio Encinar
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández (IBMC-UMH). Elche, Spain.
| | | | - Luis Perez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández (IBMC-UMH). Elche, Spain.
| | - Julio Coll
- Instituto Nacional Investigaciones y Tecnologías Agrarias y Alimentarias, Dpto. Biotecnología. INIA. Madrid, Spain.
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Liu L, Tu X, Shen YF, Chen WC, Zhu B, Wang GX. The replication of spring viraemia of carp virus can be regulated by reactive oxygen species and NF-κB pathway. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 67:211-217. [PMID: 28602749 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Different viruses could induced ROS generation to alter intracellular redox state in the host cells, and unbalanced redox state was suggested to have various effects on viral replication. In this study, we investigated the influence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on replication of spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) in fish cells. After SVCV infection, there existed a time-dependent increase in ROS generation. The present results revealed that antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) resulted in a lower ROS levels and increased SVCV replication in EPC cell. In contrast, a GSH synthesis inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) induced ROS generation and decreased SVCV replication. In addition, activation of NF-κB suppressed SVCV replication by using two inhibitors of cytokine-induced IκBα phosphorylation. More importantly, enhancement of the activity of NF-κB was found in BSO treatment, which indicated that dropped SVCV replication likely occurred via ROS activation of NF-κB. Overall, our results revealed that the SVCV infection and replication could generate ROS and be affected by the redox state, where this progression was associated with the alteration in NF-κB pathway induced by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiao Tu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yu-Feng Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wei-Chao Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Gao-Xue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Abstract
The TRIM family protein was known to play an important role in many cellular processes, including potential antiviral activity, which has attracted lots of attention. In this study, a TRIM47 homolog from common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was cloned and the full length coding DNA sequence (CDS) of this gene was analyzed, results showed that there was a 97% similarity between common carp and zebrafish (Danio rerio), but only 18% similarity with that of human (Homo sapiens) and mouse (Mus musculus). The tissue distribution analysis showed TRIM47 had the highest mRNA level in the brain, a few immune related organs such as liver and kidney also had a relatively high level of TRIM47 expression. SVCV infection decreased TRIM47 mRNA level significantly both in vitro and in vivo, but its expression was not affected by the virus at the protein level. The recombinant plasmid pcDNA4-TRIM47-His was constructed, the subcellular localization in FHM cells showed that TRIM47 uniformly distributed in the cytoplasm at the form of tiny spots, and partially localized in the mitochondria. Overexpression TRIM47 in FHM cells significantly decreased the mRNA level of SVCV-G gene, and it was accompanied with the increasing of IFN1, a member of type I IFN, at the case of SVCV stimulation. In summary, our results had first demonstrated that TRIM47 of the common carp played an important role in viral resistance processes as well as the regulation of IFN signaling pathway.
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118
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Liu L, Hu Y, Shen YF, Wang GX, Zhu B. Evaluation on antiviral activity of coumarin derivatives against spring viraemia of carp virus in epithelioma papulosum cyprini cells. Antiviral Res 2017. [PMID: 28624462 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most serious pathogens in the freshwater aquatic environment, spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) induces a high mortality rate in several cyprinid fishes. In this study, we designed and synthesized a total of 44 coumarin derivatives to evaluate the anti-SVCV activity. By comparing the inhibitory concentration at half-maximal activity (IC50), two imidazole coumarins (B4 and C2) were selected, with maximum inhibitory rates on SVCV more than 90%. Mechanistically, B4 or C2 did not affect viral adhesion and delivery from endosomes to the cytosol. Further, B4 and C2 could decline the apoptosis in SVCV-infected cells and the viral activated caspase-3, 8, 9 activities. Other results showed that SVCV induced the cytoskeletal structure to be a circumferential ring of microtubules near the nucleus, with occurring a disrupted microfilament organization. In comparison, cytoskeleton structure in drug-treated cells kept complete. In addition, the cellular microstructure in drug treatments showed no significant change; while SVCV-infected cells were seriously shrunk, and observed typical apoptotic features including cell shrinkage, volume reduction and cell blebbing. More importantly, B4 and C2 enhanced anti-oxidative enzyme gene expression and triggered the Nrf-2 pathway to keep balance of intracellular redox state. Therefore, the use of two imidazole coumarins (B4 and C2) could be a viable way of preventing and controlling SVCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yang Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yu-Feng Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Gao-Xue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Bin Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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119
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García-Valtanen P, Martínez-López A, López-Muñoz A, Bello-Perez M, Medina-Gali RM, Ortega-Villaizán MDM, Varela M, Figueras A, Mulero V, Novoa B, Estepa A, Coll J. Zebra Fish Lacking Adaptive Immunity Acquire an Antiviral Alert State Characterized by Upregulated Gene Expression of Apoptosis, Multigene Families, and Interferon-Related Genes. Front Immunol 2017; 8:121. [PMID: 28243233 PMCID: PMC5303895 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate fish innate immunity, we have conducted organ and cell immune-related transcriptomic as well as immunohistologic analysis in mutant zebra fish (Danio rerio) lacking adaptive immunity (rag1−/−) at different developmental stages (egg, larvae, and adult), before and after infection with spring viremia carp virus (SVCV). The results revealed that, compared to immunocompetent zebra fish (rag1+/+), rag1−/− acquired increased resistance to SVCV with age, correlating with elevated transcript levels of immune genes in skin/fins and lymphoid organs (head kidney and spleen). Gene sets corresponding to apoptotic functions, immune-related multigene families, and interferon-related genes were constitutively upregulated in uninfected adult rag1−/− zebra fish. Overexpression of activated CASPASE-3 in different tissues before and after infection with SVCV further confirmed increased apoptotic function in rag1−/− zebra fish. Concurrently, staining of different tissue samples with a pan-leukocyte antibody marker showed abundant leukocyte infiltrations in SVCV-infected rag1−/− fish, coinciding with increased transcript expression of genes related to NK-cells and macrophages, suggesting that these genes played a key role in the enhanced immune response of rag1−/− zebra fish to SVCV lethal infection. Overall, we present evidence that indicates that rag1−/− zebra fish acquire an antiviral alert state while they reach adulthood in the absence of adaptive immunity. This antiviral state was characterized by (i) a more rapid response to viral infection, which resulted in increased survival, (ii) the involvement of NK-cell- and macrophage-mediated transcript responses rather than B- and/or T-cell dependent cells, and (iii) enhanced apoptosis, described here for the first time, as well as the similar modulation of multigene family/interferon-related genes previously associated to fish that survived lethal viral infections. From this and other studies, it might be concluded that some of the characteristics of mammalian trained immunity are present in lower vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo García-Valtanen
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (UMH) , Alicante , Spain
| | - Alicia Martínez-López
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (UMH) , Alicante , Spain
| | - Azucena López-Muñoz
- Facultad de Biología, Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca , Murcia , Spain
| | - Melissa Bello-Perez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (UMH) , Alicante , Spain
| | - Regla M Medina-Gali
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (UMH) , Alicante , Spain
| | | | - Monica Varela
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , Vigo , Spain
| | - Antonio Figueras
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , Vigo , Spain
| | - Víctoriano Mulero
- Facultad de Biología, Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca , Murcia , Spain
| | - Beatriz Novoa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , Vigo , Spain
| | - Amparo Estepa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (UMH) , Alicante , Spain
| | - Julio Coll
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) , Madrid , Spain
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Wang Y, Chen N, Hegazy AM, Liu X, Wu Z, Liu X, Zhao L, Qin Q, Lan J, Lin L. Autophagy induced by snakehead fish vesiculovirus inhibited its replication in SSN-1 cell line. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 55:415-422. [PMID: 27311436 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy plays an important role in host protection against pathogen infection through activating innate and adaptive immunity. In the present study, we observed that the infection of snakehead fish vesiculovirus (SHVV) could induce apparent autophagy in striped snakehead fish cell line (SSN-1), including clear double-membrane vesicles, fluorescent punctate pattern of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B (SSN-LC3B) and the conversion of SSN-LC3B-Ⅰ to SSN-LC3B-Ⅱ. Furthermore, we verified that autophagy inhibited the replication of SHVV by assessing mRNA and protein level of nucleoprotein as well as virus titer in the supernatant. These results will shed a new light on the prevention of the infection of SHVV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Research Center for Marine Biology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Research Center for Marine Biology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Abeer M Hegazy
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Research Center for Marine Biology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Central Laboratory for Environmental Quality Monitoring (CLEQM), National Water Research Center (NWRC), Cairo, 13621, Egypt
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Research Center for Marine Biology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Zhixin Wu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Research Center for Marine Biology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xueqin Liu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Research Center for Marine Biology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Research Center for Marine Biology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Qiwei Qin
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiangfeng Lan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Research Center for Marine Biology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Research Center for Marine Biology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
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121
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Kim MS, Choi SH, Kim KH. Effect of G gene-deleted recombinant viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (rVHSV-ΔG) on the replication of wild type VHSV in a fish cell line and in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 54:598-601. [PMID: 27184110 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In an earlier study, we generated a replicon viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) particle that was lacking the G gene in the genome (rVHSV-ΔG), and proved the potential of it as a protective vaccine through the immunization of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) fingerlings. Safety is the most important preconsideration for the development of recombinant live vaccines, and a major concern of propagation-incompetent viral particles would be the possible harmful effect to hosts through the interaction with wild-type viruses. Thus, in the present study, we analyzed the replication of rVHSV-ΔG in the presence of wild-type VHSV and the effect of rVHSV-ΔG on the replication of wild-type VHSV in Epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells and in olive flounder fingerlings. The replication of wild-type VHSV in EPC cells was severely suppressed when the MOI of rVHSV-ΔG was 0.1 or 0.01, on the other hand, the titers of rVHSV-ΔG were not increased and stayed in a relatively constant according to time lapse. Furthermore, the replication of other novirhabdoviruses, IHNV and HIRRV, was also inhibited by co-infection with high titers of rVHSV-ΔG. There were no big differences in mortalities between groups infected with wild-type VHSV plus rVHSV-ΔG and groups infected with wild-type VHSV alone, when the challenged wild-type VHSV was more than 10(2) PFU/fish. However, a group of fish infected with 10 PFU/fish of wild-type VHSV plus rVHSV-ΔG showed significantly lower and slowly progressing cumulative mortality than a group of fish infected with 10 PFU/fish of wild-type VHSV alone. This result suggests that rVHSV-ΔG has an ability to attenuate the disease progression caused by wild-type VHSV when co-infected with relatively low titers of wild-type VHSV. These results indicate that the propagation-incompetent rVHSV-ΔG would not worsen but attenuate the progression of a disease caused by wild-type VHSV infection. Therefore, rVHSV-ΔG-based vaccines can provide a safe and effective way to control VHSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sun Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyuk Choi
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, South Korea
| | - Ki Hong Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, South Korea.
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