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Jones C, Qian D, Kim SM, Li S, Ren D, Knapp L, Sprinzak D, Avraham KB, Matsuzaki F, Chi F, Chen P. Ankrd6 is a mammalian functional homolog of Drosophila planar cell polarity gene diego and regulates coordinated cellular orientation in the mouse inner ear. Dev Biol 2014; 395:62-72. [PMID: 25218921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The coordinated polarization of neighboring cells within the plane of the tissue, known as planar cell polarity (PCP), is a recurring theme in biology. It is required for numerous developmental processes for the form and function of many tissues and organs across species. The genetic pathway regulating PCP was first discovered in Drosophila, and an analogous but distinct pathway is emerging in vertebrates. It consists of membrane protein complexes known as core PCP proteins that are conserved across species. Here we report that the over-expression of the murine Ankrd6 (mAnkrd6) gene that shares homology with Drosophila core PCP gene diego causes a typical PCP phenotype in Drosophila, and mAnkrd6 can rescue the loss of function of diego in Drosophila. In mice, mAnkrd6 protein is asymmetrically localized in cells of the inner ear sensory organs, characteristic of components of conserved core PCP complexes. The loss of mAnkrd6 causes PCP defects in the inner ear sensory organs. Moreover, canonical Wnt signaling is significantly increased in mouse embryonic fibroblasts from mAnkrd6 knockout mice in comparison to wild type controls. Together, these results indicated that mAnkrd6 is a functional homolog of the Drosophila diego gene for mammalian PCP regulation and act to suppress canonical Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonnettia Jones
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Dong Qian
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sun Myoung Kim
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Shuangding Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Dongdong Ren
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lindsey Knapp
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - David Sprinzak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Karen B Avraham
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Fumio Matsuzaki
- Laboratory of Cell Asymmetry, Center for Developmental Biology, Riken, Kobe, Japan
| | - Fanglu Chi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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102
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Merkel M, Sagner A, Gruber FS, Etournay R, Blasse C, Myers E, Eaton S, Jülicher F. The balance of prickle/spiny-legs isoforms controls the amount of coupling between core and fat PCP systems. Curr Biol 2014; 24:2111-2123. [PMID: 25201685 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The conserved Fat and Core planar cell polarity (PCP) pathways work together to specify tissue-wide orientation of hairs and ridges in the Drosophila wing. Their components form intracellularly polarized complexes at adherens junctions that couple the polarity of adjacent cells and form global patterns. How Fat and Core PCP systems interact is not understood. Some studies suggest that Fat PCP directly orients patterns formed by Core PCP components. Others implicate oriented tissue remodeling in specifying Core PCP patterns. RESULTS We use genetics, quantitative image analysis, and physical modeling to study Fat and Core PCP interactions during wing development. We show their patterns change during morphogenesis, undergoing phases of coupling and uncoupling that are regulated by antagonistic Core PCP protein isoforms Prickle and Spiny-legs. Evolving patterns of Core PCP are hysteretic: the early Core PCP pattern is modified by tissue flows and then by coupling to Fat PCP, producing sequential patterns that guide hairs and then ridges. Our data quantitatively account for altered hair and ridge polarity patterns in PCP mutants. Premature coupling between Fat and Core PCP explains altered polarity patterns in pk mutants. In other Core PCP mutants, hair polarity patterns are guided directly by Fat PCP. When both systems fail, hairs still align locally and obey signals associated with veins. CONCLUSIONS Temporally regulated coupling between the Fat and Core PCP systems enables a single tissue to develop sequential polarity patterns that orient distinct morphological structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Merkel
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Sagner
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01309 Dresden, Germany
| | - Franz Sebastian Gruber
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01309 Dresden, Germany
| | - Raphael Etournay
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01309 Dresden, Germany
| | - Corinna Blasse
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01309 Dresden, Germany
| | - Eugene Myers
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01309 Dresden, Germany
| | - Suzanne Eaton
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01309 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Frank Jülicher
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany.
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103
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Zakaria S, Mao Y, Kuta A, de Sousa CF, Gaufo GO, McNeill H, Hindges R, Guthrie S, Irvine KD, Francis-West PH. Regulation of neuronal migration by Dchs1-Fat4 planar cell polarity. Curr Biol 2014; 24:1620-1627. [PMID: 24998526 PMCID: PMC4193925 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) describes the polarization of cell structures and behaviors within the plane of a tissue. PCP is essential for the generation of tissue architecture during embryogenesis and for postnatal growth and tissue repair, yet how it is oriented to coordinate cell polarity remains poorly understood [1]. In Drosophila, PCP is mediated via the Frizzled-Flamingo (Fz-PCP) and Dachsous-Fat (Fat-PCP) pathways [1-3]. Fz-PCP is conserved in vertebrates, but an understanding in vertebrates of whether and how Fat-PCP polarizes cells, and its relationship to Fz-PCP signaling, is lacking. Mutations in human FAT4 and DCHS1, key components of Fat-PCP signaling, cause Van Maldergem syndrome, characterized by severe neuronal abnormalities indicative of altered neuronal migration [4]. Here, we investigate the role and mechanisms of Fat-PCP during neuronal migration using the murine facial branchiomotor (FBM) neurons as a model. We find that Fat4 and Dchs1 are expressed in complementary gradients and are required for the collective tangential migration of FBM neurons and for their PCP. Fat4 and Dchs1 are required intrinsically within the FBM neurons and extrinsically within the neuroepithelium. Remarkably, Fat-PCP and Fz-PCP regulate FBM neuron migration along orthogonal axes. Disruption of the Dchs1 gradients by mosaic inactivation of Dchs1 alters FBM neuron polarity and migration. This study implies that PCP in vertebrates can be regulated via gradients of Fat4 and Dchs1 expression, which establish intracellular polarity across FBM cells during their migration. Our results also identify Fat-PCP as a novel neuronal guidance system and reveal that Fat-PCP and Fz-PCP can act along orthogonal axes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Zakaria
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, Dental Institute, Guy's Tower, Floor 27, London Bridge, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Yaopan Mao
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Waksman Institute and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway NJ 08854, USA
| | - Anna Kuta
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, Dental Institute, Guy's Tower, Floor 27, London Bridge, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Catia Ferreira de Sousa
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, Dental Institute, Guy's Tower, Floor 27, London Bridge, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Gary O Gaufo
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA circle, San Antonio, Texas, 78249 USA
| | - Helen McNeill
- The Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Robert Hindges
- MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, 4th Floor New Hunt's House, King's College, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Sarah Guthrie
- MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, 4th Floor New Hunt's House, King's College, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Kenneth D Irvine
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Waksman Institute and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway NJ 08854, USA
| | - Philippa H Francis-West
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, Dental Institute, Guy's Tower, Floor 27, London Bridge, London, SE1 9RT, UK
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